,AN ,AN>*I/ ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,IRAQ ,W> 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS 

,TEXT 3 

,\R ASS]TION ?AT ! MAJOR PR9T & BROADCA/ M$IA S]VE ! 9T]E/S ( /ATE & CAPITAL PREV5T US FROM BE+ SURPRIS$ ?AT !IR COV]AGE ( ! CURR5T CRISIS 9 ,IRAQ LEAVES ! PUBLIC CONF\ND$ & MIS9=M$4 ,TO ,AM]ICANS1 ,IRAQ IS AN 9EXPLICABLE EPISODE BE/ IGNOR$1 A TRAGIC QUAGMIRE SOMEH[ LACK+ ! MORAL CL>ITY ?AT UNTIL REC5TLY SURR\ND$ ! ,U,S 9VASION ( ,AF<ANI/AN4 ,IT IS HI<LY TR\BL+1 = ,AM]ICANS BR$ ) A GALACTIC S5SE ( 5TITLEM5T1 :5 ,GOD DOES NOT COME \T ON \R SIDE1 SO ! RUL+ POLITICIANS ATTEMPT TO SOO! ! PUBLIC CONFUSION ) ASSURANCES AB\T SPECIFIC TACTICS1 :ILE OPPOSITION POLITICIANS CRITICIZE ! *OS5 /RATEGIES -- !RE W]5'T 5\< TROOPS ON ! GR\ND1 OR3 ! SANCTIONS W]E DO+ ! JOB JU/ F9E1 :Y'D YA HAVE TO GO & /IR ?+S UP8 ,PROGRESSIVE DISSID5TS ATTEMPT TO QUE/ION ! GOV]NM5T'S FUNDAM5TAL MOTIVES3 ! ,U,S 9VAD$ ,IRAQ = OIL1 TO BOO/ ! DEF5SE 9DU/RY1 TO SETTLE A SCORE BETWE5 ,SADDAM & ! ,BU% FAMILY4 ,NONE ( !SE EXPLANATIONS SATISFY 9 ! LONG RUN4 ,IF W> IS ! RESULT ( ! P]SONAL MOTIVATIONS ( ! HEAD ( /ATE & HIS FAVOR$ CORPORATE BACK]S1 :Y HAS EV]Y S+LE ADM9I/RATION 9 ,U,S HI/ORY 5GAG$ 9 ACTS ( W> AGA9/ O!R NATIONS8 ,CLE>LY1 A DEEP] EXPLANATION IS NE$$4 

,BECAUSE PEOPLE >E TALK+ AB\T ,IRAQ 9 A WAY ?AT WAS ABS5T = ! MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS_/OCCUPATION 9 ,HAITI1 ,AF<ANI/AN1 ,COLOMBIA1 ,V5EZUELA1 ,PU]TO ,RICO1 & ,S\? ,KOREA 7TO NAME ! MAJOR 9T]V5TIONS ?IS DECADE71 WE %\LD BE MORE ACTIVE 9 US+ ! OPPORTUNITY TO SPREAD AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN CRITIQUE ( ,U,S IMP]IALISM ?AT F9ALLY EXPLA9S :Y W> IS ! HEAL? ( ! /ATE1 & :AT EXACTLY ?AT MEANS4 ,AS LONG AS ,AM]ICANS 5JOY PRET5SIONS ( SURPRISE & CONFUSION ) EA* NEW 9VASION1 WE >E FAC$ ) A S]I\S FAILURE TO COMMUNICATE4 ,:5 HI/ORY REPEATS ITSELF = ! HUNDR$? TIME1 IT HAS GONE F> BEYOND F>CE4 

,BACKGR\ND 

,HI/ORY 

,AS A BASIS = UND]/&+ ! ,U,S W> 9 ,IRAQ1 WE W\LD BE WELL S]V$ BY BETT] UND]/&+ ,IRAQ 7& 9 ! PROCESS1 ?OSE ( US NOT FAMILI> ) ?IS HI/ORY WILL LE>N A GOOD DEAL AB\T ! ,U,S74 ,LIKE ! MAJORITY ( /ATES 9 ! WORLD1 ,IRAQ WAS NOT CREAT$ BY A SELF-ID5TIFY+ ,IRAQI PEOPLE1 BUT BY ,EUROPEAN COLONIZ]S1 9 ?IS CASE ! ,BRITI%4 ,9 #a#i#a#d1 DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I 7ONE ( ! E>LI] W>S ( GLOBALIZATION1 9 :I* :ITE GOV]NM5TS F\<T = COLONIAL POSSESSIONS & DOM9ANT-NATION /ATUS71 ! ,BRITI% 9VAD$ ! OIL-RI* REGION ( ,MESOPOTAMIA1 SEIZ+ IT FROM ! ,OTTOMAN ,TURKS1 :O W]E !MSELVES =EIGN OCCUPI]S ( ! ,>ABIC & ,KURDI% 9HABITANTS ( ! >EA4 ,! ,BRITI% JAMM$ TOGE!R ?REE ,OTTOMAN PROV9CES & CON/ITUT$ IT AS A NEW C\NTRY UND] !IR POLITICAL & MILIT>Y CONTROL1 5=C+ A ,WE/]N SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T BAS$ ON ! MODEL ( ,BRITI% ,9DIA4 7,LAT]1 !Y BROKE (F ,KUWAIT AS A SEP>ATE C\NTRY = ! CONV5I5CE ( ,BRITI% PETROLEUM COMPANIES74 ,! L& CONTA9$ DI/9CT E?NIC GR\PS -- ,KURDS & ,>ABS2 & DI/9CT RELIGI\S GR\PS -- ,SUNNI & ,%IA ,MUSLIMS1 AS WELL AS SOME ,*RI/IANS4 

,A DEBATE EM]G$ AMONG ! ,BRITI% RUL+ CLASS3 %\LD !Y MICROMANAGE ,IRAQ & TRANS=M ITS SOCIETY TO FIT ,BRITI% ADM9I/RATION1 MOLD+ OB$I5T & CULTURALLY DEP5D5T ,BRITI% SUBJECTS8 7,IT %\LD BE UND]/OOD ?AT DE/ROY+ A PEOPLE1 AS SU*1 & ABSORB+ !M 9TO ! 0MO!R C\NTRY10 BACK$ BY ! VIOL5T =CE IMPLICIT 9 ECONOMIC REORGANIZATION & ! CRIM9ALIZATION ( NATIVE CULTURES1 CON/ITUTES G5OCIDE2 ?AT COLONIALISM1 SIMPLY PUT1 IS 9H]5TLY G5OCIDAL74 ,! LIB]AL ALT]NATIVE WAS TO ALL[ MORE FLEXIBILITY AS TO ! GOV]NM5T ( ,IRAQ AS LONG AS IT WAS GOV]N$ COMPET5TLY & 9 ACCORDANCE ) ,BRITI% /RATEGIC 9T]E/S 7C5T]$ L>GELY >\ND ! 9CREAS+LY VITAL PETROLEUM RES]VES1 9 ADDITION TO ! CAPTIVE M>KET = ,BRITI% MANUFACTURES74 ,?IS LATT] POSSIBILITY IS :AT ,WE/]N GOV]NM5TS MEAN :5 !Y SPEAK ( FRE$OM3 ALL[+ SUBJUGAT$ POPULATIONS TO F9D !IR [N WAY ( FOLL[+ ! COMM&M5TS H&$ D[N TO !M2 GRANT+ !M A LITTLE LEEWAY = M9OR DIGRESSIONS1 AS LONG AS !Y DO NOT *ALL5GE ! CON/RA9TS & PRIORITIES IMPOS$ ON !M4 ,= ,IRAQ1 ?IS MEANT A DOME/IC ELITE C\LD 9FLU5CE ! FACE & ! CULTURAL FLAVOR ( !IR GOV]NM5T1 !Y C\LD EV5 BE ! ONES HOLD+ ! RE9S 9 C]TA9 BUREAUCRACIES1 AS LONG AS !Y ACCEPT$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM1 & DID NOT *ALL5GE ! BASIC POLITICAL F\NDATIONS1 ,BRITI% DOM9ANCE1 OR ! PETROLEUM 9DU/RY4 

,IT WAS ?IS LIB]AL VIEW ?AT TRIUMPH$4 ,H[EV]1 ,IRAQIS W]E NOT PLACAT$ ) ! 0M&ATE0 ! ,BRITI% SO G5]\SLY GAVE !M4 ,9 #a#i#b1 !Y ROSE UP 9 A MAJOR REVOLT1 & IT TOOK ! ,BRITI% SEV]AL MON?S & ?\S&S ( LIVES TO SUPPRESS IT4 ,DUR+ ! C\NT]ATTACK1 ,W9/ON ,*UR*ILL ORD]$ ! USE ( A]IAL BOMB>DM5TS & *EMICAL W>F>E AGA9/ ,>AB TRIBES1 ! SAME CRIMES ( :I* ,SADDAM ,HUSSE9 IS N[ ACCUS$4 ,! REBELLION CONV9C$ ! ,BRITI% ( ! NE$ TO SET UP A FULLY FUNCTION+ 0,IRAQI GOV]NM5T40 ,)\T SUB/ANTIAL BRA9WA%+1 PEOPLE WANT TO BE FREE4 ,AN>*Y IS ! NATURAL CONDITION4 ,BECAUSE DOM9ATION CREATES OPPOSITION1 ! ,BRITI% UND]/OOD ! NE$ TO OBSCURE ! DOM9ATION1 OR AT LEA/ *ANNEL ! OPPOSITION AWAY FROM !MSELVES & T[>DS AN EASILY REPLACEABLE PUPPET4 ,SO !Y GAVE ,IRAQ A 0K+0 7BECAUSE RULE BY A =EIGN] IS MU* MORE OBVI\S ?AN RULE BY A COMPATRIOT71 & RECRUIT$ ,SUNNIS TO RULE OV] ! MAJORITY ,%IA C\NTRY !Y HAD CREAT$4 ,SUNNIS HAD BE5 ! (FIC]S & ADM9I/RATORS UND] ! ,OTTOMAN REGIME1 SO !Y W]E WELL V]S$ 9 ! TACTICS ( DOM9ATION4 ,US+ AN E?NIC M9ORITY TO CONTROL A MAJORITY WAS ALSO AN OLD COLONIAL /&BY4 ,A M9ORITY ATTEMPT+ TO RULE A L>G] NATION WILL BE DEP5D5T ON ! MILIT>Y AID ( ! COLONIZ+ C\NTRY TO MA9TA9 CONTROL1 SO !Y MAKE GOOD PUPPETS1 & ! RESULT+ E?NIC RIVALRIES ALSO *ANNEL PEOPLE'S ANG] AWAY FROM CAPITALISM1 COLONIALISM1 OR ! /ATE1 & T[>DS ! E?NIC SCAPEGOAT4 ,?US MU* ( ! E?NIC BLOOD%$ ?R\<\T ,AFRICA & ,ASIA1 FROM ,NIG]IA TO ,RW&A TO ,9DONESIA1 IS A RESULT ( ,EUROPEAN COLONIZ]S LUMP+ TOGE!R DI/9CT PEOPLES & PITT+ !M AGA9/ ONE ANO!R = CONTROL ( /ATE P[] & SC>CE RES\RCES4 

,JU/ AS ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T TALKS PRAGMATICALLY AB\T )DRAW+ GRADUALLY1 ONCE ! ,IRAQIS >E 0UP TO ! TASK0 ( 0MA9TA9+ SECURITY10 ,BRITA9 )DREW GRADUALLY TO MAKE SURE ! GOV]NM5T !Y HAD CREAT$ W\LD BE ABLE TO DOM9ATE ITS SUBJECTS & PROTECT ,BRITI% 9T]E/S4 ,! NEW GOV]NM5T WON =MAL 9DEP5D5CE 9 #a#i#c#b1 & SURVIV$ = SEV]AL DECADES4 ,9 #a#i#e#h1 AT A TIME ( GLOBAL ANTI-COLONIAL /RUGGLES & REVOLUTIONS1 A MAN NAM$ ,QASIM /AG$ A POPUL> C\P AGA9/ ?IS NEOCOLONIAL GOV]NM5T1 & BEGAN NATIONALIZ+ ,IRAQI OIL4 

,9 ! 9T]V5+ YE>S1 ,BRITA9 HAD BE5 SUCCE$$ BY ITS PROT7C7G7C71 ! ,U,S,A1 AS GLOBAL IMP]IAL HEGEMON4 ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I MADE IT CLE> ?AT ,BRITA9 LACK$ ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC P[] TO 5=CE CONS5SUS AMONG ! RUL+ ,WE/]N NATIONS4 ,TO AN EXT5T1 ,BRITA9 & ! ,U,S HAD TOL]AT$ ! ,NAZIS 9 ! HOPES !Y W\LD EXT]M9ATE ! L>G] ?REAT POS$ BY ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,:5 ! W> 5D$ ) ! ,U,S,S,R AS A VICTORI\S MAJOR P[]1 !RE WAS NO REMA9+ D\BT ?AT ! ,U,S W\LD HAVE TO BE ! WORLD LEAD] & 9H]ITOR ( ,BRITI% IMP]IALISM1 9 ITS COMPETITION AGA9/ ! IMP]IALISM ( ,RUSSIA'S /ATE-CAPITALISM4 ,SO :5 ! ,IRAQIS ?REW (F ! NEOCOLONIAL GOV]NM5T & NATIONALIZ$ ! OIL1 IT IS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ! ,U,S LEAD ! RESPONSE1 JU/ AS IT IS NO MY/]Y :Y IT WAS ! ,U,S ?AT TOOK OV] FROM ! ,FR5* COLONIZ]S BE+ RUN \T ( ,VIETNAM >\ND ?AT SAME TIME4 ,9 #a#i#f#c1 ! ,C,I,A 7UND] ,RI*>D ,HELMS1 :O SAV$ ,NAZI SPYMA/] ,G5]AL ,RE9H>D ,GEHL5 FROM ! ,NUREMBURG GALL[S & RECRUIT$ HIM 9TO ! ,C,I,A TO AID ! REORGANIZATION ( ! ,AG5CY7 HELP$ ORGANIZE A SUCCESSFUL ASSASS9ATION ( ,QASIM & MANEUV] ! ,BA'A? P>TY 9TO P[]4 ,AT ! TIME ,SADDAM ,HUSSE9 7:O HAD BE5 RECRUIT$ = AN E>LI]1 FAIL$ ASSASS9ATION ATTEMPT7 WAS HEAD ( ! P>TY'S SECRET S]VICES & CLOSELY 9 CONTACT ) ! ,C,I,A4 ,HE EV5TUALLY ROSE TO LEAD ! ,BA'A?I/S1 ) ADDITIONAL ,U,S ASSI/ANCE4 ,HE REMA9$ A ,U,S ALLY & B5EFICI>Y ( ,U,S AID & WEAPONS1 ?R\<\T ! BLOODY W> AGA9/ ,IRAN & ?R\<\T ! ATROCITIES = :I* HE IS N[ BE+ PROSECUT$1 UNTIL RELATIONS WORS5$ AFT] ,ISRAEL BOMB$ ,IRAQ'S NUCLE> FACILITIES1 & ,SADDAM 9VAD$ ,KUWAIT & 5DANG]$ ! OIL SUPPLY 7:I* IS CONV5I5TLY DIVID$ UP AMONG NUM]\S NEOCOLONIAL /ATES1 MEAN+ NO S+LE CLI5T REGIME CAN CONTROL TOO MU* ( ! OIL74 

,DUR+ ! RESULT+ ,GULF ,W>1 ! ,U,S BOMB+ CAMPAIGN T>GET$ ,IRAQ'S HEAL?1 WAT]1 & ELECTRICITY 9FRA/RUCTURE1 DISABL+ :AT HAD BE5 A PROSP]\S C\NTRY1 BE=E IMPOS+ RIGID SANCTIONS TO BR+ ,IRAQ TO ITS KNEES4 ,! SANCTIONS DID NOT WEAK5 ,SADDAM1 BUT !Y DID KILL #a4#e MILLION ,IRAQIS1 9CLUD+ #e1 *ILDR54 ,MADELE9E ,ALBRI<T1 9 RESPONSE TO ! DEA? TOLL1 SAID 0,WE ?9K ! PRICE IS WOR? IT40 ,?IS W\LD BE A GOOD TIME TO REIT]ATE ?AT ,DEMOCRATS OPPOS$ TO 9VAD+ ,IRAQ WANT$ TO CONT9UE ! SANCTIONS4 

,COLONIALISM 

,! HI/ORY ( ,IRAQ %[S US ?AT WE CANNOT UND]/& ! CURR5T OCCUPATION )\T ALSO UND]/&+ COLONIALISM4 ,GLOBALIZATION BEGAN ) ! TRIANGUL> TRADE ( SLAV]Y1 COLONIZATION1 & 9DU/RIALIZATION4 ,FROM ITS BEG9N+ IT WAS CLE>LY AN ECONOMIC 5T]PRISE4 ,COLUMBUS %[$ NO MODE/Y 9 >TICULAT+ H[ IMPORTANT GRE$ WAS AS A MOTIVAT+ FACTOR = HIM & HIS M51 & ! ,SPANI% ,CR[N SPONSOR$ HIM ONLY BECAUSE !Y W]E WAG]+ !Y C\LD PR(IT (F ! TRIP4 ,!REAFT]1 ! COLONIES PROVID$ TREM5D\S AM\NTS ( GOLD1 SILV]1 SLAVES & SPICES = !IR ,EUROPEAN 0MO!R C\NTRIES40 ,9 HIS BOOK ,! ,OP5 ,VE9S ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 ,$U>DO ,GALEANO CALCULATES ?AT ! VALUE ( ! GOLD & SILV] !Y TOOK FROM ,S\? ,AM]ICA ALONE IS MANY TIMES GREAT] ?AN ! TOTAL SIZE ( ! ,EUROPEAN ECONOMIES1 & WELL BEYOND !IR ABILITY TO EV] REPAY4 ,LAT] /AGES ( COLONIALISM W]E TAILOR$ TO 9DU/RIALISM 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 7& BY ?AT PO9T ! ,U,S AS WELL74 ,COLONIES PROVID$ *EAP NATURAL RES\RCES -- M9]ALS1 METALS1 WOOD1 & NEW /RATEGIC RES\RCES LIKE RUBB] & OIL1 AS WELL AS COMMODITIES LIKE BANANAS & C(FEE ?AT W\LD TRANS=M ! V]Y CULTURES ( ! COLONIZ] C\NTRIES4 ,9 ADDITION1 COLONIES W]E A CAPTIVE M>KET = MANUFACTURES ( ! IMP]IAL C\NTRY1 ESPECIALLY TEXTILES & TOOLS4 ,COLONIZ$ PEOPLE W]E =C$ \T ( !IR PRIOR =MS ( SUBSI/5CE1 ESPECIALLY :]E !Y HAD 5JOY$ SELF-SUFFICI5CY1 & 9TO WAGE LABOR OR 9DEBT$ S]VITUDE4 ,! BE/ L&S W]E SEIZ$ BY :ITE COLONI/S1 :O (T5 R$UC$ ! LOCAL POPULATION TO PLANTATION SLAV]Y4 ,ANY MONEY ! NATIVES E>N$ FROM NEW 0JOBS0 W5T BACK TO ! COLONIZ] C\NTRY ?R\< TAXES1 F9ES1 & ! PUR*ASE ( COMMODITIES !Y HAD ONCE PRODUC$ !MSELVES BUT N[ HAD TO BUY4 

,BUT COLONIALISM WAS AB\T MORE ?AN JU/ ECONOMICS4 ,HO ,*I ,M9H DOCUM5T$ H[ ,FRANCE EXP]I5C$ A NET LOSS ( MONEY 9 COLONIZ+ ,VIETNAM 7?\< IT WAS (T5 ,FR5* COMPANIES MAK+ ! BALANCE74 ,COLONIALISM WAS ALSO RELAT$ TO /ATE P[]4 ,HOLD+ COLONIES 9CREAS$ A /ATE'S GLOBAL PROM95CE1 & FURNI%$ RES\RCES ( MILIT>Y IMPORTANCE 7RUBB]1 OIL1 ETC474 ,! ,EUROPEAN COMPETITION = SUP]P[] /ATUS ?R\<\T ! #a#i? & #b? C5TURIES WAS HEAVILY WRAPP$ UP 9 COMPETITION = CONTROL ( ! COLONIES1 & = WORLD DOM9ATION4 ,R$UCTIONI/ MAT]IALISM LEADS MANY RADICALS TO SEE /ATE P[] AS NO?+ MORE ?AN A TOOL = GU>ANTEE+ ACCESS TO MAT]IAL WEAL?1 BUT IT IS JU/ AS APPROPRIATE TO SEE WEAL? AS A TOOL = GU>ANTEE+ ACCESS TO P[]4 ,OBVI\SLY1 ! IDEAL AMONG ! ELITE IS TO HAVE BO? POLITICAL P[] & WEAL?1 BUT IF WE PIT A P]SON ) A GUN AGA9/ A P]SON ) GOLD1 WE CAN SEE :I* IS ! SUR] PA? ( OBTA9+ ?AT IDEAL4 ,! PRIDE & PRE/IGE ,BRITA9 TOOK FROM ITS GLOBAL ,EMPIRE1 ! SYCOPHANTIC PATRIOTISM1 ALSO GO F> T[>DS DEMON/RAT+ ! VALUE ( P[] 9 ITS [N RI<T1 & ! D]IVATION ( ?AT P[] FROM COLONIALISM4 

,!RE IS A ?IRD ASPECT ( COLONIALISM ?AT DES]VES M5TION3 :ITE SUPREMACY4 ,DUR+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( COLONIALISM1 V>I\S ,EUROPEAN NATIONS CREAT$ ! :ITE RACE 7\T ( ! CONCEPT ( ,*RI/5DOM7 TO CL>IFY RELATION%IPS ( COLONIZATION & 5SLAVEM5T1 & TO JU/IFY !IR PRET5SIONS ( SUP]IORITY4 ,:ITE SUPREMACY IS A TOOL = /ATE P[] & ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION1 BUT IT IS ALSO A CREATURE ( ITS [N1 ?AT C\LD SURVIVE 9 SOME =M1 IF NOT DIRECTLY *ALL5G$1 LONG AFT] ITS POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ROOTS DI$ (F4 ,9 ,:ITE ,LIKE ,ME1 ,TIM ,WISE GIVES EXAMPLES ( H[ :ITES CL+ TO RACISM EV5 :5 IT DIRECTLY CONTRADICTS !IR ECONOMIC 9T]E/S4 ,& ! MANY FOOT SOLDI]S ( ! IMP]IALI/ NATIONS1 :O DID NOT DIRECTLY D]IVE ECONOMIC B5EFITS OR POLITICAL P[] FROM !IR GOV]NM5TS' POSSESSION ( ! COLONIES1 W]E GUNG HO 9 !IR ROLE AS COLONIAL POLICE1 MISSION>IES1 & BUREAUCRATS4 ,!IR COVET\SNESS & HATR$ ( ! COLONIZ$ ,O!R MADE IT REW>D 5\< TO REPRESS1 TO 9DOCTR9ATE1 TO DOM9ATE4 

,NEOCOLONIALISM 

,9 ! DECADES AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 MO/ ( ! COLONIES WON1 OR W]E GIV51 =MAL 9DEP5D5CE1 ?\< WE %\LD NOT =GET ?AT EV5 TODAY A GOOD MANY COLONIES REMA91 FROM ,PU]TO ,RICO TO ,TAHITI4 ,AS WAS ! CASE ) ,IRAQ1 ?IS TRANSITION DID NOT GRANT REAL FRE$OM OR AUTONOMY TO ! =M] COLONIES4 ,JU/ AS ,FRANTZ ,FANON W>N$ TO ! NATIONAL LIB]ATIONI/S ( ,AFRICA :O ADOPT$ ! POLITICAL P>TY AS ! ORGANIZATIONAL =M = !IR REBELLION1 !Y BECAME NEOCOLONIES1 PRACTIC+ ,WE/]N =MS ( GOV]NM5T 7:I* >E SPECIFICALLY CRAFT$ TO BE MANIPULAT$ & CONTROLL$ BY AN ELITE1 :E!R DOME/IC OR =EIGN71 & CON/RA9$ )9 A GLOBAL CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 

,! NEOCOLONIES /ILL PROVIDE NATURAL RES\RCES & RAW MAT]IALS1 :ILE A NEW CLASS ( 0DEVELOP$0 NEOCOLONIES CONTA9S MAJOR MANUFACTUR+ C5T]S1 AS WELL AS A L>GE UPP] CRU/ ( CONSUM]S4 ,! =M] MO!R C\NTRIES ( ! 0,FIR/ ,WORLD0 MAKE UP ! BULK ( ! CONSUM]S ( ! WORLD'S RES\RCES2 ! N]VE C5T] ( 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY1 MANAGEM5T1 & TE*NOCRACY2 & ! GLOBAL POLICE =CE4 ,FREE TRADE REGIMES ALL[ MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS TO DOM9ATE NEOCOLONIAL ECONOMIES :ILE UND]-PRIC$ GRA9S FROM ! ,U,S UND]M9E LOCALIZ$ PEASANT AGRICULTURE & CREATE TOTAL DEP5D5CY ON WAGE LABOR & ! GLOBAL ECONOMY4 ,M,T,V & ,COCA-,COLONIZATION 7! DE/RUCTION ( NATIVE CULTURES ?R\< ! SATURATION ( LOCAL M>KETS ) ,WE/]N IMPORTS & ! ACCOMPANY+ LIFE/YLES1 SUPPLEM5T$ BY REIFI$ CONCEPTS ( 9TELLECTUAL PROP]TY ?AT ASSI/ ! COMMODIFICATION ( CULTURE7 SUPPLEM5T ,*RI/IAN MISSION>IES 7:O >E /ILL PREVAL5T 9 MANY P>TS ( ! WORLD7 9 C>RY+ \T CULTURAL IMP]IALISM4 

,*ALL5G+ ANY ( !SE RULES ( NEOCOLONIALISM BY ! 09DEP5D5T0 C\NTRIES WILL RESULT 9 ! SAME REPRESSION & BRUTALITY ?AT UPHELD COLONIALISM4 ,ONE DIFF]5CE IS ?AT MURD] BY SANCTIONS OR DIVE/M5T 7)DRAWAL ( ! GLOBAL ECONOMIC >T]IES ON :I* ALL C\NTRIES MU/ BE DEP5D5T7 IS PREF]ABLE TO MURD] BY BOMB & BULLET1 BECAUSE ( ! LOGI/ICAL BO!R ( DEPLOY+ TROOPS TO A C\NTRY NOT UND] DIRECT COLONIAL OCCUPATION4 ,H[EV]1 A LOOK AT EI!R REC5T HI/ORY OR A MAP %[+ ! LOCATION ( ALL ,U,S MILIT>Y BASES >\ND ! WORLD 79 EASY /RIK+ DI/ANCE ( ANY SPOT ON E>?7 %[S ?AT OLD-FA%ION$ MILIT>Y 9T]V5TION IS /ILL V]Y MU* A P>T ( ! GLOBAL ORD]4 ,( C\RSE1 ! ELEVATION ( DOME/IC ELITES TO ! SEAT ( GOV]NM5T 9 ! NEOCOLONIES MAKES !IR 9T]E/S SIMIL> TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! GOV]NM5TS & CORPORATIONS ( ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR?1 SO !Y >E MU* LESS LIKELY TO REBEL 7MO/ COV]T_/MILIT>Y 9T]V5TIONS AGA9/ NEOCOLONIES 9 REC5T YE>S HAVE BE5 LESS = ANY ANTI-CAPITALI/ REBELLI\SNESS ?AN = A RELUCTANCE TO T[ ! SPECIFIC L9E PUT =W>D BY ,U,S /ATE PLANN]S74 ,MORE (T51 IT IS NEOCOLONIAL POPULATIONS :O REBEL1 & !IR GOV]NM5TS :O REPRESS !M1 ) MILIT>Y AID FROM ! ,U,S & ,EUROPE4 

,AS ) COLONIALISM1 NEOCOLONIALISM CONTA9S ! A=EM5TION$ ECONOMIC ROOTS4 ,AU?ORIT>IAN DISSID5TS & :ITE DISSID5TS >E LOA! TO ACKN[L$GE ! O!R TWO MOTIVATORS ( NEOCOLONIALISM1 PREF]R+ TO R$UCE EV]Y?+ TO SIMPLE ECONOMICS4 ,?\< NEOCOLONIALISM BLURS SOME ( ! TRADITIONAL B\ND>IES ( NATION-/ATES1 ! PROCESS IS /ILL V]Y MU* WRAPP$ UP 9 /ATE P[]4 ,SOME SOCIALI/S1 :OSE PROGRAMS = ! FUTURE 9CLUDE POLITICAL P>TIES & /ATES1 EQUATE GLOBALIZATION ) ! DEA? ( ! NATION-/ATE 7EXAMPLES ( ?IS CAN BE F\ND 9 ! POPUL> DOCUM5T>Y1 ,! ,F\R? ,WORLD ,W>74 ,P]HAPS !Y WI% TO OBSCURE !IR TOTAL FAILURES1 9 ,*9A & ,RUSSIA1 ( SAFEGU>D+ REVOLUTION ) A 0REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T40 ,SO1 TO JU/IFY !IR LOVE-AFFAIR ) GOV]NM5T & POLITICAL P>TIES1 !Y ATTEMPT TO CONFUSE PEOPLE BY ASSOCIAT+ ! NEOLIB]AL ATTACK ON !IR DIGNITY1 HEAL?1 AUTONOMY1 & LIVELIHOOD ) SOME ATTACK AGA9/ ! NATION-/ATE !Y HAPP5 TO 9HABIT4 

,BUT OLD-S*OOL COLONIALISM ALSO *ALL5G$ TRADITIONAL CONCEPTIONS ( NATION-/ATES1 TURN+ ,ALG]IANS 9TO ,FR5* PEOPLE1 = ONE1 BUT 9 ! 5D ?AT PROCESS ONLY /R5G!N$ ! /ATE4 ,LIKEWISE1 /ATES TODAY CAT] TO AN 9T]NATIONALI/ B\RGEOISIE BY R$UC+ PROTECTIONISM1 BUT ! RESULT+ ECONOMIC EXPANSION HAS AID$ AN UNPREC$5T$ GR[? ( /ATE P[]4 ,! P]FECTION ( ?\<T-CONTROL IMPLICIT 9 ! CULTURE 9DU/RY1 ! IMPLEM5TATION ( ! SURVEILLANCE /ATE & PRISON-9DU/RIAL COMPLEX1 & ! MILIT>IZATION ( BORD]S HAVE ALL BE5 COMPON5TS ( GLOBALIZATION4 ,WE C\LD ALSO CITE ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,ASIAN & ,EUROPEAN BANKS & GOV]NM5TS ?AT [N ! ,U,S DEBT1 LOS+ MONEY ON L[ 9T]E/ LOANS4 ,9 T]MS ( ECONOMICS ALONE1 ?IS 9VE/M5T DOES NOT MAKE S5SE4 ,! KEY IS ?AT !SE LOANS >E SUBSIDIZ+ ,U,S MILIT>Y EXP5DITURES1 BECAUSE ! ,U,S IS ! ONLY GOV]NM5T ) ! ABILITY TO PROJECT ITSELF MILIT>ILY ON A GLOBAL SCALE1 PROTECT+ 9VE/M5TS & SAFEGU>D+ ! F\NDATIONS ( CAPITALISM4 ,?US1 WORLD CAPITALI/S >E WILL+ TO LOSE SOME MONEY 9 ORD] TO PROP UP ! LEAD+ /ATE P[] ?AT TOPS ! GLOBAL PYRAMID4 ,/ATES >E NOT BECOM+ OBSOLETE1 ONLY MORE 9TEGRAT$4 ,NEOCOLONIALISM IS DEP5D5T ON /ATE P[]4 

,IT IS ALSO DEP5D5T ON :ITE SUPREMACY 7?\< AGA9 A MORE 9TEGRATIONI/ V>IETY !RE(74 ,AS LONG AS :ITE CULTURE IS UND]/OOD TO BE UNIV]SALLY SUP]IOR1 ! MO/ SUCCESSFUL ELEM5TS 9 ! NEOCOLONIES WILL TRY TO GO TO ,H>V>D TO BECOME ECONOMI/S1 WILL ACCEPT ! TEA*+S ( ! ,WORLD ,BANK1 WILL ADOPT ! PRIORITY ( 0DEVELOPM5T0 AS !IR [N PA? TO SALVATION4 ,!Y WILL BE LESS LIKELY TO REBEL1 TO TRU/ ?AT !IR NATIVE CULTURES & !IR [N PEOPLES HOLD ! ANSW]S ?AT WILL EXTRICATE !M FROM ! MIS]ABLE CONDITIONS ?AT PLAGUE ! NEOCOLONIES4 ,9 ?IS V]SION ( :ITE SUPREMACY1 PEOPLE ( COLOR FROM ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? >E ALL[$1 TO A C]TA9 EXT5T1 TO BECOME :ITE1 BECAUSE :ITE PEOPLE WILL BE ! PRIM>Y B5EFICI>IES ( ?IS MORE EFFICI5T & PR(ITABLE SY/EM1 & BECAUSE ! ME*ANICS ( HEGEMONY MU/ NEGOTIATE ! SIMULTANE\S CONV]SION & EXCLUSION ( ! DOM9AT$ ,O!R4 

,NEOCOLONIALISM IS EASILY VISIBLE 9 ,IRAQ4 ,! 0,COALITION ,PROVISIONAL ,AU?ORITY0 UND] ,PAUL ,BREM] AU?OR$ DOZ5S ( RULES ?AT ! ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T W\LD NOT BE ALL[$ TO *ANGE1 9CLUD+ MAJOR NEOLIB]AL OV]HAULS ( F9ANC+ & ECONOMY1 & LAWS PROTECT+ 9TELLECTUAL PROP]TY4 ,MEAN:ILE1 W> >*ITECT ,PAUL ,WOLF[ITZ W5T ON TO HEAD ! ,WORLD ,BANK 7TO :I* ! ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T HAS ALREADY BE5 %ACKL$ ) SIGNIFICANT DEBT74 ,AFT] BE+ BOMB$ FLAT BY ! ,U,S1 ,IRAQ HAS TO PAY = MU* ( ITS RECON/RUCTION ?R\< OIL REV5UES1 PRES]V+ ITS ROLE AS A SUPPLI] ( /RATEGIC NATURAL RES\RCES4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! ,U,S & ITS CLOSE/ ALLIES HAVE CEM5T$ !IR MONOPOLIZ$ ACCESS TO ,IRAQI OIL4 ,NEOCOLONIALISM 9 ,IRAQ1 LIKE COLONIALISM ELSE:]E1 HAS BE5 US$ BY ! IMP]IAL GOV]NM5T TO LOSE MONEY TO ! B5EFIT ( ITS CORPORATIONS4 ,AB\T HALF ( ! @s#a#i BILLION ALLOCAT$ BY ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T = RECON/RUCTION C\LD NOT BE ACC\NT$ = & APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 POCKET$4 ,MU* ( ! RE/ W5T AS HI<-PR(IT CONTRACTS TO ,U,S CORPORATIONS4 ,IRAQIS !MSELVES HAVE C]TA9LY NOTIC$ ! NEOCOLONIAL ECONOMICS ( ! OCCUPATION4 ,ON ,JANU>Y #a1 #b#f1 ,IRAQIS 9 ,KIRKUK PROTE/$ POOR LIV+ CONDITIONS & A %>P RISE 9 FUEL PRICES CAUS$ 9 P>T BY ! ,I,M,F4 ,U,S TROOPS OP5$ FIRE ON ! DEMON/RATORS1 KILL+ F\R4 

,! ,U,S CRISIS ( MA9TA9+ CONTROL 9 ,IRAQ BR+S US TO ! TOPIC ( /ATE P[]4 ,FROM A PURELY ECONOMIC PO9T ( VIEW1 ! 9VASION ( ,IRAQ WAS NOT A JU/IFIABLE 5DEAVOR4 ,9 MANY WAYS IT WAS AN EX]CISE 9 /ATE P[]4 ,! NEOCONS]VATIVE HAWKS 9 ! ,BU% ADM9I/RATION C]TA9LY HAD AN 9T]E/ 9 TE/+ :E!R ! ,VIETNAM ,SYNDROME 7:I* CON/RA9$ ,U,S MILIT>Y OPTIONS = YE>S7 WAS FULLY LAID TO RE/4 ,IRAQ'S OIL RES]VES C]TA9LY PROVID$ AN IMPORTANT CONSID]ATION1 = REASONS ( MILIT>Y /RATEGY AS MU* AS ECONOMICS1 BUT ,IRAQ WAS T>GET$ FIR/ & =EMO/ AS P>T ( ! 0,AXIS ( ,EVIL10 ONE ( ONLY HALF A DOZ5 0ROGUE /ATES10 \T ( A WORLD ( NE>LY TWO HUNDR$ /ATES1 ?AT W]E NOT SUFFICI5TLY ALIGN$ ) ,U,S 9T]E/S4 ,! ,U,S 9VASION ( ,IRAQ TIES DIRECTLY 9TO ! PROJECT = 9CREAS$ POLITICAL DOM9ATION ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/1 & ! RELAT$ MISSIONS AGA9/ ,SYRIA1 ,IRAN1 & ,LEBANON 7! 0,C$> ,REVOLUTION0 BE+ A SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLE ( A NEWLY DEVELOP$ REGIME *ANGE 0TEMPLATE074 

,F9ALLY1 ! NEOCOLONIAL PROJECT 9 ,IRAQ CANNOT BE DIVORC$ FROM :ITE SUPREMACY4 ,:ITE SUPREMACY IS A MAJOR GLUE 9 ! BRO!RHOOD ( ! MILIT>Y1 & AN IMPORTANT PALLIATIVE 9 ALL[+ ,U,S TROOPS TO KILL L>GE NUMB]S ( ,>ABS4 ,WE %\LD NOTE ?AT COMP>$ TO ! ,VIETNAM ,W>1 :5 ! ,U,S MILIT>Y BECAME DYSFUNCTIONALLY MUT9\S1 ! >M$ =CES TODAY CONTA9 A MU* SMALL] DISPROPORTION ( PEOPLE ( COLOR 7DESPITE GREAT DISP>ITIES 9 WEAL?74 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! ,P5TAGON PREVI\SLY T>GET$ PEOPLE ( COLOR = RECRUITM5T AS CANNON FODD]1 BUT TODAY !Y MAY BE AIM+ = A MORE OB$I5T1 :IT] MILIT>Y4 ,:ILE PEOPLE ( COLOR >E /ILL DISPROPORTIONATELY REPRES5T$ 9 ! MILIT>Y1 ! DISPROPORTION IS SMALL] & MAY SIMPLY BE ! RESULT ( ECONOMIC DISP>ITIES4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! ,U,S 9VASION ( ,IRAQ C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 JU/IFI$ )\T ! IMPLICIT PREJUDICE ?AT 0?OSE PEOPLE0 CANNOT TAKE C>E ( !MSELVES4 ,! ,U,S SABOTAG$ ! ,%IA UPRIS+ AFT] ! FIR/ ,GULF ,W>1 & PREVI\SLY BETRAY$ REBELLI\S ,IRAQI ,KURDS TO DELIB]ATELY PREV5T ANY EXAMPLE ( SELF-LIB]AT+1 SELF-ORGANIZ+ PEOPLE ( COLOR 79 RESPONSE TO ! BETRAYAL & RESULT+ MASSACRE ( ! ,KURDS1 ,KISS+] RESPOND$ ?AT Y\ %\LDN'T CONFUSE COV]T ACTION ) MISSION>Y WORK74 

,OCCUPATION 

,! ,M$IA 

,:5 DISCUSS+ ! V>I\S COMPON5T ELEM5TS ( ! OCCUPATION ( ,IRAQ1 WE %\LD BE V]Y =?RI<T ?AT ! ,U,S M$IA >E A P>T ( ! OCCUPATION1 PLAY+ A V]Y IMPORTANT ROLE4 ,= ! PREP>ATION & FIR/ YE> ( ! 9VASION1 ! ,U,S MASS M$IA FUNCTION$ ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY AS ! PSY*OLOGICAL OP]ATIONS 7PSYOPS7 W+ ( ! ,P5TAGON4 ,S9CE VICTORY PROV$ TO BE FLEET+1 ! M$IA HAVE REMEMB]$ !IR LIB]ALISM & RE-EXP&$ TO 9CLUDE ALL ELITE VOICES 79CLUD+ 0ANTI-W>0 VOICES71 SO ?AT !Y MAY S]VE 9 !IR TYPICAL FUNCTION ( PROVID+ DISC\RSE >\ND /RATEGIES ( /ATE DOM9ATION & CAPITALI/ EXPANSION1 & 9DOCTR9AT+ ! PUBLIC TO ACCEPT ! ASSUMPTIONS & CONSEQU5CES ?AT ACCOMPANY ?OSE /RATEGIES4 ,?IS 9CLUDES /RATEGIES = PULL+ \T ( ,IRAQ1 ON ! /RICT RATIONALE ?AT ?IS W\LD BE BE/ = ,U,S 9T]E/S1 & ! OCCASIONAL ADMISSION ?AT ! ,P5TAGON'S L(TY 9T5TIONS >E NOT COM+ ACROSS TO ,IRAQIS1 & !Y ACTUALLY WANT US ! HELL \T ( !IR C\NTRY4 

,A #bd SURVEY BY ! ,PROGRAM ON ,9T]NATIONAL ,POLICY F\ND ?AT L>GE P]C5TAGES ( ,AM]ICANS BELIEV$ FALSE GOV]NM5T PROPAG&A JU/IFY+ ! W>4 #e#g.0 BELIEV$ ,IRAQ WAS PROVID+ SUB/ANTIAL SUPPORT TO ,AL ,QAIDA1 :I* WAS FALSE2 #f.0 BELIEV$ ?AT ,IRAQ HAD ,W,M,DS OR A MAJOR PROGRAM = DEVELOP+ !M1 ALSO FALSE2 #h#b.0 BELIEV$ ?AT EXP]TS EI!R AGRE$ ?AT ,IRAQ HAD ,W,M,DS OR W]E EV5LY DIVID$ ON ! QUE/ION1 :5 9 FACT EXP]TS NOT 9 ! EMPLOY ( ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T 7& SOME :O W]E7 W]E NE>LY UNANIM\S 9 !IR REJECTION ( ,W,M,D CLAIMS4 ,! MORE PEOPLE GOT !IR NEWS FROM ! ,T,V1 ! MORE MIS9=M$ !Y W]E1 ) ,F,O,X VIEW]S BE+ ! MO/ MIS9=M$1 BUT ,P,B,S /ILL TURN+ \T A SUB/ANTIAL P]C5TAGE :O BELIEV$ GOV]NM5T PROPAG&A 7NOTE ?AT ,P,B,S TOOK A HYPOCRITICAL1 LIB]AL 0BO? SIDES0 APPROA*1 TREAT+ BLATANTLY FALSE PROPAG&A & FACT-BAS$ CONTRADICTIONS TO ! GOV]NM5T L9E AS EQUALLY VALID74 

,?\< TELEVISION WAS ! WOR/1 OR %\LD WE SAY ! MO/ EFFECTIVE =M ( ?\<T-CONTROL1 ,U,S NEWSPAP]S W]E ALSO COMPLICIT 9 ! PROPAG&A4 ,MO/ W]E CONT5T TO PUBLI% UNADULT]AT$ GOV]NM5T PRESS RELEASES AS OBJECTIVE NEWS1 BUT SOME GOT MORE CREATIVE4 ,JUDI? ,MILL] WROTE SEV]AL 9FLU5TIAL FRONT PAGE /ORIES 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ! PAP] ( RECORD1 BAS$ 5TIRELY ON FABRICAT$ EVID5CE FROM GOV]NM5T S\RCES1 9CLUD+ ELABORATE & DRAWN-\T N>RATIVES 9 :I* 0,IRAQI GOV]NM5T DEFECTORS0 7ACTUALLY ,C,I,A ASSETS7 SECRETIVELY 9DICAT$ HIDD5 ,W,M,D SITES4 

,N[ W\LD BE A GOOD TIME TO PO9T \T ?AT WE FAIL TO DO ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC JU/ICE BY PUTT+ TOO MU* ( ! BLAME = ! MANIPULATION ON ! M$IA4 ,TO A L>GE EXT5T1 PEOPLE BELIEVE :AT !Y WANT TO BELIEVE4 ,NO ONE 9 ?IS C\NTRY HAS ANY EXCUSE = BELIEV+ ANY?+ ! GOV]NM5T SAYS4 ,IF A GOV]NM5T (FICIAL EV] SAYS ANY?+ CLOSELY RESEMBL+ ! TRU?1 IT IS ONLY ! CO9CID5CE ?AT 9 ?IS ONE CASE1 ! FACTS HAPP5 TO L9E UP ) POLICY OBJECTIVES4 ,EV5 AS ! MAJORITY W]E /AUN*LY 9SI/+ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T W\LD NOT 9T5TIONALLY FABRICATE ! JU/IFICATIONS = GO+ TO W>1 ! ,NATIONAL ,>*IVES W]E RELEAS+ ! F9AL CONFIRMATION ?AT1 YES1 ! ,GULF ( ,TONK9 9CID5T1 US$ AS A PRETEXT = ESCALATION 9 ,VIETNAM1 WAS A HOAX4 ,NO D\BT1 ! MAJORITY AT ! TIME 9SI/$ ?AT SU* ALLEGATIONS W]E LUNATIC CONSPIRACY !ORIES4 ,MON?S BE=E ! 9VASION ( ,IRAQ EV5 BEGAN1 ALL MY FRI5DS & ,I1 9 FACT EV]Y AN>*I/ ,I KNEW1 W]E WELL AW>E ?AT ! MAJOR PIECES ( EVID5CE JU/IFY+ ! ATTACK W]E FAULTY1 OR EV5 FABRICAT$4 ,?IS IS NOT BECAUSE WE >E P>TICUL>LY GIFT$ PEOPLE1 BUT BECAUSE ! 9=MATION WAS \T !RE1 & WE KNEW NOT TO TRU/ ! GOV]NM5T OR CORPORATE M$IA4 7,\R !ORY ON ! PROPAG&A ROLE ( CORPORATE M$IA ALSO ALL[$ US TO PR$ICT ! C\P 9 ,HAITI BE=E IT HAPP5$74 ,H[EV]1 MANY ,AM]ICANS 5JOY BE+ CITIZ5S ( ! ,EMPIRE1 & !IR NAIVE BELIEF 9 ! W> RATIONALE HAD LESS TO DO ) A P]CEPTION ( FACTS ?AN ) A DESIRE TO /& UNIT$4 

,NONE!LESS1 M$IA ?\<T-CONTROL PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE 9 MAK+ DISS5T SEEM BASELESS1 & MAK+ IMP]IALISM SEEM NECESS>Y & DESIRABLE4 ,AFT] LAY+ ! GR\NDWORK = 9VASION1 ! M$IA HAVE P]SI/$ 9 !IR ROLE1 CULTIVAT+ SUPPORT = ! ,U,S MILIT>Y1 SANITIZ+ ! W>1 & COV]+ UP ! MAJORITY ( ABUSES4 ,?OSE ABUSES !Y DO NOT COV] UP FOLL[ A SIMIL> PATT]N4 ,FIR/LY1 ! ,U,S M$IA ALWAYS JUMP 9 TO PROVIDE DAMAGE CONTROL4 ,AM]ICANS UNFAMILI> ) 9DEP5D5T OR =EIGN M$IA MAY ?9K ,C,N,N & ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES COV] C]TA9 ABUSES ( ! OCCUPATION VOLUNT>ILY4 ,BUT FROM ! TORTURE AT ,ABU ,<RAIB TO ! MASSACRES AT ,HADI?A1 ! ,U,S M$IA DID NOT SPEAK UP UNTIL ! /ORY HAD ALREADY BROK5 & ! RE/ ( ! WORLD WAS 9 AN UPRO>4 ,SECONDLY1 ! ,U,S M$IA ADOPT A PO/URE ( FAIRNESS TO PRES5T 0BO? SIDES ( ! /ORY10 NEI!R ( :I* !Y >E LIKELY TO ATTEMPT TO PROVE OR DISPROVE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 !Y MAY 9T]VIEW A ,P5TAGON SPOKESP]SON1 & !N SOMEONE FROM ,AMNE/Y ,9T]NATIONAL1 AB\T ! TORTURE AT ,ABU ,<RAIB4 ,AMID ! TWO OPPOS+ VIEWPO9TS1 LOYAL ,AM]ICANS CAN F9D PL5TY ( ROOM TO BELIEVE ! ,P5TAGON D5IALS1 :I* \R H>D-HITT+ J\RNALI/S R>ELY DEMON/RATE TO BE A BUN* ( BULL%IT4 ,?IRDLY1 ! ,U,S M$IA DO !IR BE/ TO SC&ALIZE ! ISSUE4 ,!Y S5SATIONALLY FOCUS ON ONE OR TWO IMAGES :5 9 REALITY A MYRIAD ( DETAILS EXI/4 ,!SE IMAGES 7SAY1 US+ DOGS TO FRI<T5 ,ABU ,<RAIB 9MATES1 OR PUTT+ !M NAK$ ON A DOG LEA%7 !Y REPEAT AD NAUSEUM UNTIL !Y COME TO SIGNIFY ! EV5T 9 ITS 5TIRETY4 ,WE CAN ONLY FULLY UND]/& ! SADISM & TORTURE ( ,U,S ,T]ROR PRISONS BY CONSID]+ ! FULL >S5AL ( TACTICS DEVELOP$ TO HURT1 FRI<T51 DEGRADE1 & 9SULT PRISON]S 9 ,IRAQ & ELSE:]E4 ,BUT :5 ! AV]AGE ,AM]ICAN HE>S OV] & OV] AGA9 AB\T TROOPS TURN+ DOGS ON PRISON]S AT ONE SOLIT>Y PRISON1 ) ONE OR TWO PICTURES ?AT DO NOT EV5 %[ ANY BIT+1 IT BECOMES A SC&AL1 A S+UL> FAUX PAS1 & ! REACTION 5C\RAG$ FROM US IS SOME:]E ALONG ! L9ES (3 0,*RI/1 QUIT :9+1 IT'S JU/ SOME DOGS60 ,ADDITIONALLY1 ,U,S M$IA COV]AGE ( ABUSES %[S A TREE TO HIDE A =E/4 ,! ,U,S OCCUPATION BY ITS V]Y NATURE IS ABUSIVE1 BUT ?IS IS H]ESY & ?\<T CRIME4 ,ALL DISS5T )9 DEMOCRATIC /ATES MU/ BE GE>$ T[>DS /ATE 9T]E/S1 SO AN OCCUPATION BY ! /ATE CAN BE CRITICIZ$ & F9E-TUN$1 BUT NOT OPPOS$ AT ITS F\NDATIONS4 ,U,S M$IA >E NOT ALL[$ TO 5C\RAGE ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC TO ?9K REBELLI\SLY1 SO !Y REVEAL A S+LE ACT ( ABUSE TO OBSCURE ! DAILY R\T9E FROM :I* IT COMES4 ,AFT] ! 0,ABU ,<RAIB SC&AL10 MO/ ( ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC BELIEV$ ?AT SOME ACTS ( ABUSE1 MAYBE EV5 TORTURE1 OCCURR$ AT ,ABU ,<RAIB & P]HAPS ALSO ,GUANTANAMO ,BAY4 ,BUT ! WELL DOCUM5T$ FACT ( ! MATT] IS ?AT TORTURE & ABUSE OCCUR AT EV]Y DET5TION FACILITY RUN BY ! ,U,S MILIT>Y 9 ,IRAQ1 ,AF<ANI/AN1 ,GUANTANAMO ,BAY1 & ELSE:]E1 AS A MATT] ( C\RSE1 >IS+ \T ( ! RACI/ & SADI/IC CRUELTY ( ! GU>DS1 ! SY/EMIC DRIVE TO 0PRODUCE 9TELLIG5CE0 5DEMIC ?R\<\T ! ,C,I,A & ,SPECIAL ,=CES1 & 9T5TIONAL POLICY DECISIONS COM+ FROM ! V]Y TOP4 ,AFT] ! SC&AL ( ! MASSACRES 9 ,HADI?A PLAYS \T 7UNLESS CONDITIONS =CE ! PRESS TO ACKN[L$GE MORE MASSACRES71 MO/ ,AM]ICANS WILL BE CONV9C$ ?AT ?OSE FEW DOZ5 CIVILIANS W]E SOME ( ! FIR/ & ONLY KILL$ 9 SU* A MANN] BY ,U,S TROOPS1 :5 9 REALITY ?AT SORT ( ?+ SEEMS TO HAPP5 EV]Y O!R WEEK 7TO REF] TO ! ,SIGNALFIRE NEWS BRIEFS1 ON ,M>* #a#e1 #b#f1 ,U,S TROOPS EXECUT$ #aa CIVILIANS JU/ \TSIDE ( ,BA<DAD1 ACCORD+ TO ,IRAQI POLICE REPORTS1 & ON ,M>* #bf ,U,S =CES /ORM$ 9TO A MOSQUE & KILL$ #bb UN>M$ PEOPLE74 ,FROM EYEWITNESS ACC\NTS1 BLOGS RUN BY ,IRAQIS 9 ,BA<DAD1 & EV5 ! ADMISSIONS ( SOME TROOPS1 IT SEEMS ?AT ,U,S TROOPS AT *ECKPO9TS MA*9E-GUN 0SUSPICI\S0 C>S FULL ( UN>M$ ,IRAQIS ON A DAILY BASIS4 ,ALREADY BY ! 5D ( #b#d1 #b#h.0 ( ,M>9ES ADMITT$ TO KILL+ NONCOMBATANTS 7ACCORD+ TO A ,NEW ,5GL& ,J\RNAL ( ,M$IC9E POLL CIT$ 9 ! ,FEBRU>Y #be ISSUE ( ,Z ,MAGAZ9E72 & ( C\RSE EV5 MORE NONCOMBATANTS >E KILL$ BY AIR ATTACKS4 ,) REPETITIVE COV]AGE ( A FEW EXEMPL>Y 9CID5TS1 ! M$IA CAN IGNORE ! DAILY R\T9E ( MURD] ?AT *>ACT]IZES ! OCCUPATION4 ,F9ALLY1 CORPORATE M$IA COV]AGE ( ABUSES IS SELF-S]V+4 ,DESPITE ALL ITS FAULTS1 IT PROVIDES AN ALIBI1 PRES5T+ ! MISIMPRESSION ?AT ! CORPORATE M$IA >E ADV]S>IAL1 H>D-HITT+1 9VE/IGATIVE1 CONC]N$ AB\T HUMAN RI<TS1 ANY?+ O!R ?AN ! ELITE LAPDOGS !Y >E4 ,:AT /ICKS \T 9 ! M9DS ( MO/ PEOPLE :O DO NOT CRITICALLY ANALYZE M$IA COV]AGE IS ?AT !Y DO 9DE$ PUBLICIZE ,U,S ABUSES1 SO IT BECOMES NE>LY IMPOSSIBLE TO CONV9CE PEOPLE ( !IR GOV]NM5TAL ROLE4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 CORPORATE M$IA IS A MU* MORE EFFECTIVE PROPAG&A SY/EM ?AN A MORE TOTALIT>IAN V>IETY ?AT COMPLETELY :ITES \T ANY ABUSES4 

,AFT] ! ,HOLOCAU/1 ONE ( ! PEOPLE EXECUT$ AT ,NUREMBURG WAS ,JULIUS ,/REI*]4 ,/REI*] WAS A M$IA MOGUL4 ,?\< ,/REI*] WAS NOT A MEMB] ( ! GOV]NM5T & ?US NOT DIRECTLY 9VOLV$ 9 ! MASS MURD]1 HE WAS1 HIS EXECUTION]S DECID$1 DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE = ! G5OCIDE BECAUSE HE US$ HIS CONTROL OV] ! MASS M$IA TO 5C\RAGE POPUL> SUPPORT = ,NAZI BIGOTRIES & /ATE POLICIES4 ,9 ! PRES5T DAY1 IF JU/ICE W]E S]V$ IMP>TIALLY US+ ! 7,U,S-AU?OR$7 PR9CIPLES FROM ,NUREMBURG1 !N ,RUP]T ,MURDO*1 ,JUDI? ,MILL]1 ,DAN ,RA!R1 & C\NTLESS O!RS W\LD ALL BE SW++ FROM ! 5D ( A ROPE4 

,IRAQI ,GOV]NM5T 

,9 L9E ) ! PATT]NS ( NEOCOLONIALISM1 ! ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T ITSELF IS A TOOL ( ! OCCUPATION4 ,DUE TO CORPORATE M$IA DI/ORTIONS1 IT IS H>D TO TELL H[ MU* CONTROL ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T HAS OV] ITS PUPPET /ATE4 ,IF ! ,P5TAGON1 ,C,I,A1 & ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T HAVE ALL PLAY$ !IR C>DS WELL1 !N 9 REALITY ! OCCUPATION GOV]NM5T IS DO+ JU/ :AT ITS H&L]S WANT1 & ! APP>5T DISUNITY & MIX$ LOYALTIES >E A MASK = ! WIDESPREAD VIOL5CE 7ABDUCTIONS & EXTRAJUDICIAL KILL+S74 ,?US ! MASS MURD] ?AT ALWAYS ACCOMPANIES C\NT]9SURG5CY W>F>E CAN CONV5I5TLY BE BLAM$ ON ! 9SURG5TS !MSELVES1 ON AG5TS ( ,IRAN1 ON A DISOB$I5T ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY1 :ILE ! ,U,S COMES (F AS A BELEAGU]$ BUT WELL MEAN+ W\LD-BE SAVIOR4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF ! ,BU% ADM9I/RATION HAS BE5 SO UNBELIEVABLY 9COMPET5T TO HAVE LO/ CONTROL ( EV5 ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY1 !N DIFF]5T FACTIONS >E US+ ! TOOL CREAT$ BY ! ,U,S = !IR [N 5DS1 SOMETIMES 9 M9OR CONTRADICTION ( ,U,S 9T]E/S4 ,AT EI!R EXTREME1 ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T HAS EX]CIS$ FUNDAM5TAL 9FLU5CE OV] ! ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T1 & HAS CREAT$ A PUPPET /ATE AT ODDS1 & 9 CONFLICT1 ) ! 9SURG5CY1 & ! ,IRAQI PEOPLE !MSELVES4 

,! FIR/ ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T1 APPO9T$ BY ! ,U,S ,OCCUPATION1 WAS HEAD$ BY A ,C,I,A ASSET & ,BRITI% CITIZ51 ,IYAD ,ALLAWI1 :O HELP$ FE$ ,WE/]N 9TELLIG5CE AG5CIES FALSE ,W,M,D CLAIMS 9 ! RUN-UP TO 9VASION4 ,DESPITE HAV+ HAD CONTROL ( ! GOV]NM5T & BACK+ ( ! MASSIVE ,P5TAGON M$IA 9FRA/RUCTURE 9 ,IRAQ1 ,ALLAWI WON LITTLE SUPPORT FROM ,IRAQIS4 ,BUT HE DID GOV]N DUR+ A CRUCIAL TIME P]IOD1 :5 ! NEW ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T WAS BE+ CRAFT$4 ,! REF]5DUM TO VOTE ON ! NEW ,CON/ITUTION1 ON ,OCTOB] #a#e1 #b#e1 WAS M>R$ BY VOT+ IRREGUL>ITIES & ! ABS5CE ( 9T]NATIONAL OBS]V]S4 0,MO/ PROV9CES0 HAD AN 0UNUSUALLY HI<0 NUMB] ( BALLOTS & O!R EVID5CE ( VOTE /UFF+ 7,ASSOCIAT$ ,PRESS #a-#a#g-#b#e74 ,ELECTION RESULTS W]E REPORT$ TO A COMM& C5T] ON A ,U,S MILIT>Y BASE4 ,ALSO1 MAJOR P>TS ( KEY PROV9CES EXPECT$ TO VOTE AGA9/ ! ,CON/ITUTION W]E DEPOPULAT$ BY ,U,S MILIT>Y ASSAULTS JU/ PRIOR TO ! REF]5DUM4 ,U,S RAIDS & BOMB+ ATTACKS CREAT$ T5S ( ?\S&S ( REFUGEES 9 ,SUNNI >EAS 9 ! LEAD-UP TO ! VOTE4 ,IT IS AGA9/ 9T]NATIONAL LAW = ELECTIONS TO BE HELD UND] MILIT>Y OCCUPATION1 & IT C]TA9LY VIOLATES ANY /&>D ( DEC5CY = ! MILIT>Y =CE CONDUCT+ ! ELECTIONS TO WAGE A SIMULTANE\S W> AGA9/ ! LEA/ OB$I5T P>TS ( ! ELECTORATE IT IS LIB]AT+4 ,! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,MUSLIM ,S*OL>S1 ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL ,SUNNI GR\P1 SAID ( ! NEW ,IRAQI ,CON/ITUTION1 0,! :OLE PROJECT WAS ,AM]ICAN40 ,TRANSITIONAL ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,IBRAHIM AL-,JAAF>I WAS SYMPA!TIC TO ,IRAN1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T 7HE ALSO OPPOS$ ! #bc 9VASION & HAD ! SUPPORT ( ,MUQTADA AL-,SADR1 & HIS FAVORITE CURR5T AU?OR IS REPORT$LY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY71 BUT HE WAS PU%$ \T BY PRESSURE FROM ,KURDI% & ,SUNNI POLITICIANS1 AS WELL AS SUB/ANTIAL PRESSURE FROM ! ,U,S1 & SUCCE$$ BY ,N\RI ,KAMEL AL-,MALIKI1 :O WORK$ ) ! ,U,S-BACK$ ,IRAQI ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS DUR+ ! #iS4 ,! ,U,S AMBASSADOR TO ,IRAQ DESCRIB$ ! APPO9TM5T ( AL-,MALIKI AS A VICTORY = ! ,U,S1 & CALL$ ,MALIKI & O!R ,IRAQI LEAD]S 09DEP5D5T ( ,IRAN0 7,WA%+TON ,PO/1 #d-#b#f-#b#f71 OR 9 O!R WORDS1 DEP5D5T ON ! ,U,S4 ,%IA LEAD]S PREVI\SLY SE5 AS ALIGN$ ) ,IRAN1 SU* AS ,AYATOLLAH ,ALI AL-,SI/ANI1 HAVE PROV5 SUSCEPTIBLE TO ,U,S PRESSURE4 

,! ,IRAQIS !MSELVES UND]/& ?AT !IR GOV]NM5T IS H>DLY SOV]EIGN4 #g#f.0 BELIEVE ! ,U,S W\LD REFUSE TO LEAVE IF ASK$ BY ! ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T1 ACCORD+ TO A ,JANU>Y #bf POLL CONDUCT$ BY ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,M>YL&4 ,& 9 FACT ! ,U,S HAS DIRECT CONTROL ( ! ,IRAQI MILIT>Y & 9TELLIG5CE S]VICE4 

,! ,KURDS1 ! LEA/ 9SURG5T ( ! ?REE MAJOR POPULATIONS 9 ,IRAQ1 >E MO/ 9T]E/$ 9 US+ A VETO P[] 9 ! NEW GOV]NM5T TO W9 9DEP5D5CE FROM ! COLONIAL CONTRIVANCE ?AT IS ,IRAQ4 ,A GOOD MANY ,KURDS1 VICTIMS ( G5OCIDE AT ! H&S ( ,IRAQ & ,TURKEY1 FIR/ & =EMO/ WANT A C\NTRY ( !IR [N4 ,PRAGMATIC ,KURDI% LEAD]S RECOGNIZE ?AT 9 A VOLATILE ,IRAQ !Y CAN B>GA9 = P>TIAL AUTONOMY ?ANKS TO ! SITUATION CREAT$ BY ! ,U,S 9VASION2 BUT WE MU/ NOT =GET ?AT ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T OPPOSES 9DEP5D5CE = ! ,KURDS1 & MILIT>ILY SUPPORTS ,TURKEY1 !IR WOR/ OPPRESSOR4 ,9 ! LONG RUN1 ,U,S & ,KURDI% 9T]E/S CONFLICT1 AS ,U,S 9T]E/S DO N[ ) ,SUNNI & ,%IA ,>ABS 9 ,IRAQ4 ,! ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T POSES ! POSSIBILITIES ( RE-DOM9ATION ( ! ,KURDS1 OR ( CO-OPT+ ,KURDI% LIB]ATION /RUGGLES = A SMALL PIECE ( GOV]NM5T P[] 9 ONE ( ! /ATES ?AT DIVIDE !M4 

,U,S ,GOV]NM5T 

,! ,U,S GOV]NM5T1 ( C\RSE1 IS ! PR9CIPAL OCCUPI] ( ,IRAQ4 ,! ,U,S HAS A NUMB] ( OBJECTIVES1 9CLUD+ A*IEV+ PROPAG&A VICTORIES 9 ITS ,W> ON ,T]ROR1 = EXAMPLE BY EXAGG]AT+ ! SIGNIFICANCE ( AL-,QAIDA GR\PS 9 ,IRAQ BEYOND ALL PROPORTION TO REALITY1 & !N DEFEAT+ ?OSE GR\PS OR KILL+ 9FLU5TIAL FIGURES )9 !M 7E4G4 ,Z>QAWI71 :ILE ALSO DEEMPHASIZ+ ! R$UNDANCY ( ?IS VICTORY 7AL-,QAIDA [+ ITS EXI/5CE 9 ,IRAQ 5TIRELY TO ! ,T]ROR ,W> ITSELF74 

,! PRIM>Y OBJECTIVE ( ! ,U,S IS TO 9/ALL A COMPET5T GOV]NM5T 9 ,IRAQ ?AT CON=MS TO ,U,S /RATEGIC 9T]E/S3 :I* >E TO KEEP ! OIL FL[+ 7& FAVOR ,U,S 9VE/ORS & M>KETS71 D]EGULATE & JO9 A ,MIDDLE ,EA/ 0FREE TRADE0 BLOC1 DISC\RAGE ! SPREAD ( ,ISLAMIC FUNDAM5TALISM1 & JO9 ! *ORUS ( PUPPET /ATES ?AT >E ESPECIALLY OBSEQUI\S TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,OBJECTIONS FROM ,U,S ,DEMOCRATS TO ! BOT*$ OCCUPATION /EM FROM ! FACT ?AT ,HUSSE9-]A ,IRAQ DID A BETT] JOB ( UPHOLD+ !SE 9T]E/S4 ,G5OCIDAL SANCTIONS HELD ,IRAQ HO/AGE = ITS OIL1 & ?\< ,IRAQ C\LD NOT DIRECTLY JO9 ! NEOLIB]AL TIDE ! SANCTIONS PREV5T$ ! C\NTRY FROM DEVELOP+ AN 9DEP5D5T ECONOMY4 ,HUSSE9 WAS ALSO EFFECTIVE AT REPRESS+ ,ISLAMIC FUNDAM5TALISM1 & ?\< HE WAS /AUN*LY \TSIDE ( ! PRO-,U,S CAMP1 GIV5 HIS ABYSMAL WORLD /ATURE SU* OPPOSITION C\NT$ = SOME POLITICAL CAPITAL4 

,! ,U,S IS HAV+ A H>D TIME MEET+ ITS OBJECTIVE4 ,A COLONIAL CREATION LIKE ,IRAQ CAN ONLY BE KEPT TOGE!R ) A BRUTALLY P[]FUL C5TRALIZ+ =CE4 ,! ,U,S1 LIKE ANY IMP]IAL OV]SE]1 IS OPPOS$ TO SELF-ORGANIZATION BY ! COLONIZ$4 ,EV5 GRANT+ ANY POLITICAL AUTONOMY 7E4G4 TO ! ,KURDS1 OR TO ,ANB>7 TO DIFFUSE ! T5SIONS CAUS$ BY AMALGAMATION IS RISKY1 BECAUSE IT DEC5TRALIZES A C]TA9 QUANTITY ( P[] TO A LOCAL1 SELF-ID5TIFY+ LEVEL :]E IT IS H>D] TO CONTROL FROM AF>1 RUNN+ CONTR>Y TO ! =C$ 9TEGRATION ( GLOBALIZATION4 ,BUT ! SECUL> EXPATRIATES FAVOR$ BY ! ,U,S TO RULE ,IRAQ 7A CLASS ( 0NEW ,IRAQIS0 FOLL[+ A CORPORATE MODEL1 LOOK+ WE/1 & WE>+ BUS9ESS ATTIRE7 W]E TOTALLY \T ( T\* ) ! C\NTRY1 FAIL$ TO W9 SUPPORT1 & 5C\RAG$ ! CONT5TION ?AT ! ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T WAS A ,U,S PUPPET 7?US FUEL+ AN 9SURG5CY ?AT UNIT$ ,SUNNI & ,%IA74 ,SO ! ALT]NATIVE WAS TO ALL[ ,IRAQIS TO SELF-ID5TIFY 7RA!R ?AN CRAFT+ A NEW ,IRAQI71 BUT TO USE ?OSE ID5TITIES TO DRIVE W$GES ?R\< ! C\NTRY1 ?AT ! OCCUPI]S C\LD POT5TIALLY EXPLOIT4 ,! FIR/ *OICE ( ANY OCCUPI] IS A C\NTRY UNIFI$ BEH9D ITS PUPPETS4 ,:5 ?AT FAILS1 ! SECOND *OICE IS A C\NTRY DIVID$ AGA9/ ITSELF -- ANY?+ TO AVOID A C\NTRY UNIFI$ AGA9/ ! OCCUPI]4 

,! LOGIC ( OCCUPATION REQUIRES CIVIL W> 9 ,IRAQ1 TO AVOID A W> ( LIB]ATION4 ,! ,SUNNIS HAVE BE5 TOO ADAMANTLY OPPOS$ TO ! OCCUPATION TO PLACE 9 P[]1 & !Y LACK TRU/ C\NTRY-WIDE BECAUSE ( !IR COMPLICITY ) ,HUSSE94 ,! ,KURDS >E TOO SMALL A M9ORITY1 & WORSE W\LD DE/ABILIZE ! REGION BY SUPPORT+ ,KURDS OPPRESS$ BY ,U,S-ALLI$ ,TURKEY1 9EVITABLY LEAD+ TO CONFLICT ) ! ,U,S ITSELF4 ,! REMA9+ OPTION TO ALL[ ASC5DANCY 9TO GOV]NM5T >E ! ,%IA1 :O 5JOY ! ADD$ B5EFIT ( BE+ ! MAJORITY 7?US ! OCCUPI]S GET PO9TS = 9TRODUC+ 0DEMOCRACY074 ,ALL[+ ! ,%IA TO CONTROL ! PUPPET GOV]NM5T IS PROBLEMATIC1 BECAUSE !Y WILL NOT BE 5TIRELY DEP5D5T ON ! IMP]IAL P[] 7RECALL ?AT DEP5D5CY IS A *>ACT]I/IC ( COLONIALISM & NEOCOLONIALISM74 ,?IS IS BECAUSE1 AS CIRCUM/ANCES HAVE IT1 ,IRAQ IS LOCAT$ RI<T NEXT TO ONE ( ! FEW REMA9+ NONALIGN$1 & 9 FACT ANTI-,U,S1 C\NTRIES 9 ! WORLD3 ,IRAN4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,IRAN IS P[]FUL 5\< TO SPONSOR A GOV]NM5T 9 ,IRAQ1 & IT IS ALSO A MAJORITY ,%IA C\NTRY ) AN ,ISLAMIC GOV]NM5T4 

,?US1 GIV+ P[] TO ! ,%IA PUTS ! ,U,S ON A TRICKY PA?1 BECAUSE ! PUPPET CAN BECOME DISOB$I5T & TRANSF] ITS ALLEGIANCE TO ,IRAN1 DIRECTLY CONTRADICT+ EV]Y S+LE /RATEGIC 9T]E/ ! ,U,S HAS AT /AKE 7EV5 ! OIL1 ?\< IT W\LD KEEP FL[+1 MI<T GO TO ,*9ESE OR O!R M>KETS 9/EAD ( TO ! ,U,S74 ,SO ! KEY1 & WE CAN SEE ?IS CLE>LY 9 ! NEWS1 IS TO TAKE A PA? ( T5SION & CONTRADICTION4 ,ISLAMIC ,%IA P>TIES CAN BE ALL[$ TO W9 A MAJORITY 9 ! GOV]NM5T 7!Y HAVE C]TA9LY CAPTUR$ MORE POPUL> SUPPORT ?AN O!R P>TIES74 ,ELECTIONS ?AT HAVE SOME SEMBLANCE ( FAIRNESS >E NECESS>Y TO PREV5T A NATIONAL RESI/ANCE 7BY :I* ,I MEAN AN 9SURG5CY G5]ALIZ$ & TO SOME EXT5T UNIFI$ AMONG ALL ,IRAQIS7 :I* W\LD H&ILY DEFEAT ! OCCUPI]S4 ,! ,%IAS1 ON ! O!R H&1 NE$ TO BE KEPT 9 *ECK ) A S]IES ( P>LIAM5T>Y BALANCES4 ,! ,KURDS PROVIDE ONE1 ) ! ,U,S HOLD+ QUITE A FEW B>GA9+ *IPS OV] !IR FATE AS A PEOPLE4 ,ANO!R COMES FROM SECUL> ,%IA P>TIES1 :OSE O!RWISE MEAG] 9FLU5CE ! ,U,S CAN BOL/] ) PATRONAGE1 FRI5DLY PROPAG&A 9 ! NEW ,IRAQI M$IA 7CREAT$ BY ! ,P5TAGON71 & MO/ LIKELY VOTE RIGG+ AS WELL4 ,SUNNI P>TIES ?AT DO NOT BOYCOTT ! ELECTIONS CAN ALSO PRESSURE ! ,%IA MAJORITY AWAY FROM ALLIANCE ) ,IRAN4 ,U,S SUPPORT 7MO/ LIKELY CL&E/9E7 C\LD BE A WELCOME RES\RCE TO ANY M9ORITY P>TY WILL+ TO PLAY BALL4 ,SU* BETRAYAL & OPPORTUNI/IC COLLABORAT+ ) GREAT] P[]S IS 9 ! NATURE ( POLITICAL P>TIES1 :I* IS :Y DEP>T+ COLONIZ]S ALMO/ ALWAYS LEAVE !IR FRE$ SUBJECTS 9 ! H&S ( A P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM4 

,!RE >E ALSO CRITICAL EXTRA-P>LIAM5T>Y *ECKS1 NOTABLY 9 ! MANIPULATION ( ! RESI/ANCE4 ,BY ATTACK+ CIVILIANS1 KILL+ ,%IA WOR%IP]S ON !IR WAY TO PRAY] OR BL[+ UP MOSQUES1 ! SMALL NUMB] ( 9SURG5T GR\PS ?AT C\LD FAIRLY BE CALL$ 0T]RORI/0 >E HELP+ ! ,U,S A*IEVE ITS SECOND *OICE 9 OCCUPATION 7A C\NTRY DIVID$ AGA9/ ITSELF74 ,:5 ! OCCUPI] IS NOT ! ONLY ONE 9T5TIONALLY KILL+ CIVILIANS1 ! RESI/ANCE GETS A BAD NAME1 & ALL ! BLOOD%$ & T]ROR CAUSES MANY ,IRAQIS TO PRIORITIZE SECURITY OV] LIB]ATION4 ,9 SU* CIRCUM/ANCES1 SECURITY O/5SIBLY CAN ONLY BE PROVID$ BY A P[]FUL =CE1 I4E4 ! ,U,S OR ITS FULLY FUND$ FAVORITE4 ,:5 ,%IAS >E ESPECIALLY T>GET$ ) A VIOL5CE !Y ?\<T !Y W]E FREE FROM S9CE ! FALL ( ,SADDAM1 ,%IA MILITIAS OR GOV]NM5T AG5CIES SUPPOS$LY CONTROLL$ BY ,%IAS /RIKE BACK KILL+ ,SUNNIS1 OR E?NICALLY CLEANS+ NEI<BORHOODS4 ,?IS PROVIDES ! ,U,S ) SEV]AL OPPORTUNITIES4 ,!IR SECUL> PUPPETS GA9 CR$IBILITY2 ,SUNNIS OPPOS$ TO T]RORISM MAY BE 9FLU5C$ TO SUPPORT LEGAL POLITICAL P>TIES TO AVOID MORE FEUD+2 ,IRAQIS SICK5$ BY ! CIVIL W>F>E & TYPICALLY DIS9CL9$ FROM DIVISIVE *AUV9ISMS 7ONE ,IRAQI ,I SPOKE TO SAID ?AT BE=E ! W>1 FEW PEOPLE 9 ! CITIES KNEW :E!R !IR NEI<BORS W]E ,SUNNI1 ,%IA1 OR ,*RI/IAN7 MAY WANT ! 9T]V5TION ( AN \TSIDE M$IATOR 7:I* W\LD BE *OS5 BY ! ,U,S72 & ! ,U,S W\LD HAVE ANO!R OPPORTUNITY TO PORTRAY ITSELF AS A SAVIOR ( ! ,IRAQI PEOPLE BY DE/ROY+ T]RORI/ CELLS 7& SIMULTANE\SLY BLURR+ ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 T]RORI/ GR\PS & ! BULK ( ! RESI/ANCE74 ,& AS LONG AS ! SECURITY SITUATION 9 ,IRAQ IS UN/ABLE1 ! ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T WILL HAVE TO RELY ON ,U,S SUPPORT & A M9IMUM LEVEL ( COOP]ATION & OB$I5CE4 

,!RE >E TWO FACTORS ?AT CAN ALL[ RESI/ANCE GR\PS TO SURVIVE OCCUPATION BY A MILIT>ILY SUP]IOR =CE4 ,ONE IS POPUL> SUPPORT4 ,! O!R IS ! ,C,I,A -- ?AT IS TO SAY1 CL&E/9E AG5CIES ( ! OCCUPATION ITSELF4 ,NUM]\S PO9TS ( CONSID]ATION =CE US TO EXAM9E :E!R ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T IS P>TIALLY OR FULLY BEH9D ATTACKS ON ,U,S CIVILIANS & ! DEVELOPM5T T[>DS CIVIL W> 9 ,IRAQ4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 #i#e.0 ( ,IRAQIS DISAPPROVE /RONGLY ( ATTACKS ON ,IRAQI CIVILIANS 7ACCORD+ TO A ,JANU>Y #bf POLL74 ,GU]RILLAS CANNOT SURVIVE )\T POPUL> SUPPORT4 ,H[ IS IT1 !N1 ?AT SEV]AL RESI/ANCE GR\PS >E ABLE TO C>RY \T BOMB+S ON MOSQUES & 9 CR[D$ M>KET PLACES1 )\T BECOM+ ISOLAT$1 EXPOS$1 & CRU%$8 ,WE %\LD NOTE ?AT ! MAJOR RESI/ANCE GR\PS 9 ,IRAQ HAVE PUBLICLY COME \T AGA9/ KILL+ CIVILIANS 7A FEW MAK+ EXCEPTION = ?OSE :O WORK = ! OCCUPATION DIRECTLY74 ,ONE ( ! ONLY GR\PS TO CLAIM RESPONSIBILITY = E?NIC ATTACKS OR ATTACKS AGA9/ CIVILIANS IS ,AL ,QAIDA 9 ,IRAQ4 ,9 ,APRIL #b#f1 ! ,P5TAGON ADMITT$ TO WAG+ A 0PSYOPS0 CAMPAIGN TO EXAGG]ATE ! ROLE ( ,AL ,QAIDA 9 ,IRAQ & ,ABU ,MUSAB AL-,Z>QAWI1 ! GR\P'S ,JORDANIAN LEAD]4 ,!Y ALSO ACKN[L$G$ PLAY+ ON ,IRAQI DI/RU/ ( =EIGN]S1 & BRAGG$ ?AT ! CAMPAIGN HAD RESULT$ 9 FI<T+ BETWE5 ,IRAQI 9SURG5TS & =EIGN FI<T]S 7,WA%+TON ,PO/1 #d-#a-#b#f74 ,TWO MON?S LAT]1 AT AN IMAGE L[-PO9T AFT] ! REVELATION ( ! MASSACRES ( DOZ5S ( CIVILIANS AT ,HADI?A BY ! ,M>9E ,CORPS1 ! ,U,S KILL$ ,Z>QAWI1 & A /RAW MAN ! ,P5TAGON HAD CREAT$ TO ONE EXT5T OR ANO!R WAS LAID L[4 ,! COMPET5CY ( ! >M$ =CES WAS REE/ABLI%$1 & ! ,U,S GOT SOME GOOD PRESS = A SMALL ACT ( COMMUNITY S]VICE 9 ,IRAQ4 

,9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! OP]ATION1 ! ,P5TAGON ACKN[L$G$ RECEIV+ 9TELLIG5CE FROM 9SIDE ,AL ,QAIDA 9 ,IRAQ4 ,! QUE/ION REMA9S AS TO ! EXT5T ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS4 ,SKEPTICAL READ]S %\LD BE 9=M$ ?AT A /OCK TACTIC ( C\NT]9SURG5CY W>F>E IS = ! OCCUPI] TO CREATE OR CO-OPT !IR [N RESI/ANCE GR\PS4 ,EI!R BY =M+ A PHONY RESI/ANCE GR\P FROM SCRAT* & RECRUIT+ UNKN[+ DUPES1 OR 9FILTRAT+ & TAK+ OV] AN EXI/+ RESI/ANCE GR\P1 ! OCCUPI] ACQUIRES A HUGELY IMPORTANT TOOL = DISCR$IT+ OR MANIPULAT+ ! RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T AS A :OLE4 7,REC5TLY1 ! ,AF<AN GOV]NM5T ACCUS$ ! ,PAKI/ANI 9TELLIG5CE S]VICE1 ! ,I,S,S1 :I* IS CLOSELY L9K$ ) ,C,I,A1 ( TAK+ OV] REBEL GR\PS & RECRUIT+ SUICIDE BOMB]S TO C>RY \T ATTACKS 9 ,AF<ANI/AN74 ,! ,FR5* P]FECT$ ?IS PRACTICE 9 !IR W> AGA9/ ,ALG]IA 7! LESSONS FROM :I* S]VE AS A TEXTBOOK = C\NT]9SURG5CY 9 MILIT>Y S*OOLS ACROSS ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR?1 9CLUD+ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES74 ,& ?\< IT WAS D5I$ AT ! TIME WE HAVE S9CE LE>N$ ?AT ! ,U,S MILIT>Y 9T5TIONALLY US$ ?IS TACTIC 9 ,VIETNAM1 :]E ! ,C,I,A BOMB$ CIVILIANS 9 ,SAIGON & BLAM$ IT ON ! ,VIETCONG4 ,!RE IS C]TA9LY NO REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ! ,U,S HAS BECOME MORE HUMANE S9CE ?AT W>4 

,! ,IRAQIS DO NOT BELIEVE SU* AN ABSURD CONT5TION EI!R4 #f#a.0 BELIEVE 9T]-E?NIC VIOL5CE WILL DECREASE IF ! ,U,S LEAVES 7ACCORD+ TO A ,JANU>Y #b#f1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,M>YL& POLL74 ,NUM]\S ,IRAQIS HAVE SPECULAT$ ! ,U,S IS BEH9D BOMB+S T>GET+ CIVILIANS2 FREQU5TLY AFT] SU* BOMB+S1 ! GA!R$ CR[DS ?R[ ROCKS AT ,U,S TROOPS :O >RIVE TO 0RE/ORE ORD]10 & AT MANY PROTE/S ,IRAQIS HOLD SIGNS SUGGE/+ ! ,U,S IS BEH9D ! T]RORISM1 BUT ALL ?IS IS :IT$ \T FROM ,U,S M$IA ACC\NTS4 ,AFT] ! FIR/ ,U,S 9VASION ( ,FALLUJAH1 9 ,APRIL #b#d1 ! OCCUPI]S W]E =C$ TO RETREAT AFT] ,%IAS1 ESPECIALLY ! ,AL ,SADR MILITIA1 ROSE UP 9 SUPPORT ( ! ,SUNNI REBELS 9 ,FALLUJAH & OP5$ A SECOND FRONT 9 ! S\?4 ,AFT] ?AT DEBACLE1 ,U,S COMM&]S W5T ON RECORD /AT+ ! NE$ TO DIVIDE ! 9SURG5CY4 ,!Y DID NOT DISCLOSE :AT TACTICS !Y 9T5D$1 BUT WE CAN IMAG9E !Y W]E AIM+ = MORE ?AN H>% WORDS & BAD BLOOD4 ,& 9 #b#e1 9 ,MADA9 7\TSIDE ,BA<DAD71 ,U,S =CES JU/IFI$ A MAJOR MILIT>Y OP]ATION ON ! BASIS ( FABRICAT$ REPORTS ?AT ,SUNNI REBELS HAD SEIZ$ DOZ5S ( ,%IA HO/AGES & W\LD EXECUTE !M UNLESS ALL ,%IAS LEFT ! >EA4 ,EV5 ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T (FICIALS *>G$ ?AT IT WAS A PLOY TO CREATE SECT>IAN /RIFE4 ,& !RE IS ALSO ! QUE/ION ( ROGUE ,%IA-CONTROLL$ ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY UNITS GO+ RAMPANT1 ABDUCT+ & KILL+ PEOPLE = !IR [N POLITICAL 5DS4 ,BE=E ! ,U,S M$IA />T$ EMPHASIZ+ ?IS L9E1 A NUMB] ( /ORIES W]E BEG9N+ TO BREAK 9 9DEP5D5T & =EIGN PRESSES REG>D+ SPECIAL ,U,S-CONTROLL$ UNITS LIKE ! ,WOLF ,BRIGADES OP]AT+ AS DEA? SQUADS1 OR REPORTS ?AT ! PEOPLE TURN+ UP ) BULLETS 9 !IR HEADS 7:OSE DEA?S W]E TACITLY BLAM$ ON ! 9SURG5CY7 W]E ACTUALLY LA/ SE5 AFT] ,U,S TROOPS BU/$ D[N !IR DOORS & HU/L$ !M (F4 ,BE=E !SE /ORIES C\LD GET MU* COV]AGE 9 ! ,U,S1 ! NEW /ORY >OSE1 SPECTACUL>LY PUNCTUAT$ BY SEV]AL CONFRONTATIONS BETWE5 ROGUE ,%IAS & ,AM]ICAN TROOPS1 9CLUD+ A ,U,S LIB]ATION ( A SECRET TORTURE PRISON ALLEG$LY OP]AT$ BY ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY4 ,:E!R !SE W]E LEGITIMATE CONFLICTS TO RE/ORE UNITY & PR(ESSIONALISM 9 ! ,IRAQI GOV]NM5T1 OR C>EFULLY /AGE-MANAG$ PLOYS TO DI/ANCE ! ,U,S FROM ! DEA? SQUADS & PORTRAY !M AS LIB]ATORS1 IT IS UNLIKELY ?AT ) ALL ITS CL&E/9E AG5TS OP]AT+ 9 ,IRAQ ! ,U,S DOES NOT HAVE ITS H&S 9 A GOOD P>T ( ! KILL+S4 

,ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#b1 #b#f1 UNKN[N P>TIES BLEW UP ! C5TURIES-OLD ,ASK>IYA MOSQUE 9 ,SAM>RAH1 ONE ( ! HOLIE/ ,%IA %R9ES4 ,A NUMB] ( ,IRAQIS ALLEG$ GOV]NM5T OR ,U,S COMPLICITY 79CLUD+ A GOV]NM5T M9I/] & A MAJOR POLITICAL P>TY1 AS WELL AS NUM]\S PROTE/]S71 AS !RE HAD BE5 SEV]AL W>N+S ?AT ! MOSQUE W\LD BE T>GET$1 & !Y W]E IGNOR$4 ,IMM$IATELY 7F> QUICK] ?AN !Y ACKN[L$G$ ANY O!R R\< SPOT 9 ! OCCUPATION71 ,U,S M$IA JUMP$ ON ! 0CIVIL W>0 /ORY & TRUMPET$ EV]Y POSSIBLE NEWS ( KILL+S ( ,SUNNIS OR ,%IAS1 ?\< IT IS UNCLE> :E!R !RE REALLY W]E A MAJOR 9CREASE 9 KILL+S OR IF ! M$IA W]E JU/ />T+ TO REPORT DEA?S !Y HAD PREVI\SLY IGNOR$4 ,9 ANY CASE1 A NUMB] ( ! MO/ PROVOCATIVE REV5GE ATTACKS 9 ! WEEKS AFT] ! BOMB+S BORE ! M>KS ( PR(ESSIONAL MASS ABDUCTION_/EXECUTIONS 7L>GE NUMB]S ( VICTIMS1 B\ND OR H&CUFF$1 KILL$ EXECUTION-/YLE ALL AT ONCE1 I4E4 NOT ! WORK ( AN UNTRA9$ MOB74 ,U,S LEAD]S US$ ! SPECT] ( CIVIL W> AS AN EXCUSE TO JU/IFY PROLONG$ ,U,S PRES5CE4 ,REG>DLESS ( :O WAS RESPONSIBLE1 ! ,ASK>IYA BOMB+ PROV$ USEFUL TO ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T1 & ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC WAS PREPP$ = SEV]AL WEEKS ) ! ?REAT ( CIVIL W> 9 ,IRAQ1 BE=E ,BU%'S ANN\NCEM5T ?AT TROOP )DRAWAL W\LD NOT OCCUR DUR+ HIS PRESID5CY4 

,IT IS IMPORTANT TO RAISE ! POSSIBILITY ( ,U,S 9VOLVEM5T 9 ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS & E?NIC BLOOD%$1 ?\< ! NATURE ( ! CONFLICT MEANS WE WILL NOT KN[ ALL ( ! FACTS = YE>S TO COME4 ,WE %\LD NOT FOLL[ ! LEAD ( CONSPIRACY !ORI/S & ACT LIKE WE KN[ ,U,S 9VOLVEM5T IS C]TA9 JU/ BECAUSE A PREPOND]ANCE ( D\BTS PO9T 9 ?AT DIRECTION2 H[EV] IT IS IMPORTANT ?AT WE RECOGNIZE ?AT :E!R BY W9DFALL OR BY DESIGN ! E?NIC /RIFE & POSSIBLE CIVIL W> S]VE ,U,S GOV]NM5T 9T]E/S1 SO WE CAN ACT ACCORD+LY4 

,BE=E MOV+ ON1 IT W\LD BE USEFUL TO COV] SOME ( ! MAJOR ME?ODS ( ! ,U,S OCCUPATION4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 IT HAS BECOME CLE> ?AT ! GU]RILLAS CANNOT BE DEFEAT$ MILIT>Y4 ,L>GE P>TS ( ! C\NTRY >E (F-LIMITS TO ,U,S TROOPS 79CLUD+ P>TS ( ,BA<DAD7 EXCEPT DUR+ MAJOR (F5SIVES1 & TO R$UCE RISK TO GR\ND TROOPS ! ,P5TAGON IS 9CREAS+LY US+ AIR P[] = R\T9E POLIC+ OP]ATIONS 7KILL+ MORE NONCOMBATANTS AS A RESULT74 ,! ,U,S IS P[]FUL 5\< TO )/& ATTACK & W9 ANY P>TICUL> BATTLE 7!RE IS UNLIKELY TO BE AN ,IRAQI ,DI5 ,BI5 ,PHU OR ,TET ,(F5SIVE ANY TIME SOON71 BUT M\NT+ CO/S & AN 9ABILITY TO E/ABLI% LA/+ CONTROL OV] ANY GR\ND ?AT IS NOT DIRECTLY OCCUPI$ CORN] ! ,U,S 9 A /RATEGIC DEAD 5D4 ,SO1 PSY*OLOGICAL OP]ATIONS BECOME MORE IMPORTANT4 ,?IS MEANS M$IA CONTROL -- ATTACK+ 9DEP5D5T J\RNALI/S & SATURAT+ ! M>KET ) ,>ABIC-LANGUAGE M$IA CREAT$ & CONTROLL$ BY ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T4 ,BEYOND PROPAG&A1 ,IRAQIS ?\<T TO BE ADAMANTLY OPPOS$ TO OCCUPATION NE$ TO BRUTALIZ$ 9TO SUBMISSION4 ,HUMAN ,RI<TS ,WAT* & ,AMNE/Y ,9T]NATIONAL EA* F\ND ?AT ,U,S TROOPS 0R\T9ELY0 TORTUR$ & RAP$ ,IRAQI PRISON]S AT FACILITIES ?R\<\T ,IRAQ 7,JANU>Y #b#e74 ,W> CRIMES1 BE+ EXP$I5T1 BECOME R\T9E4 ,! ,U,S MILIT>Y HAS KILL$ APPROXIMATELY #a#c1 ,IRAQIS SO F>4 ,9 CITIES UND] SIEGE1 ! ,U,S MILIT>Y HAS EXECUT$ W\ND$ PRISON]S1 BOMB$ HOSPITALS1 & C>RI$ \T 0COLLECTIVE PUNI%M5T0 AGA9/ ! 5TIRE CIVILIAN POPULATION4 ,WE %\LD NOTE AN 9T]E/+ *>ACT]I/IC ( ! ,U,S MILIT>Y4 ,! /&>D-ISSUE RIFLE = ,U,S TROOPS IS ! ,M-#a#f1 :I* FIRES A HI< VELOCITY LI<T-WEI<T AMMUNITION SPECIFICALLY DESIGN$ TO TUMBLE UPON IMPACT1 SO ?AT IT TE>S UP ! FLE%1 & CREATES WICK$ 9T]NAL W\NDS ?AT >E 9T5TIONALLY DIFFICULT TO TREAT & HEAL1 MEAN+ ! VICTIM IS MU* MORE LIKELY TO DIE AFT] ! BATTLE FROM BLOOD LOSS OR 9FECTION4 ,! AMMUNITION WAS DESIGN$ ) ! PURPOSE ( CIRCUMV5T+ 9T]NATIONAL LAW BANN+ DUM-DUM BULLETS1 BUT /ILL ACCOMPLI%+ ! SAME RESULT = :I* DUM-DUMS W]E ILLEGALIZ$4 ,?US1 9 A /RIK+ SYMBOL BEFITT+ AN IMP]IAL >MY1 EV]Y TIME A ,U,S SOLDI] FIRES HIS RIFLE1 9 SPIRIT A W> CRIME IS BE+ COMMITT$4 

,U,S ,TROOPS 

,! ,U,S TROOPS1 AS SOME:AT SEP>ATE FROM ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T1 DES]VE M5TION AS AN ELEM5T ( ! OCCUPATION4 ,( C\RSE1 ,U,S TROOPS >E NOT AT ALL NECESS>Y = ! WELLBE+ ( ,IRAQIS1 & !IR MISSION IS A LIE & AN OPPRESSION4 ,FEW] ?AN #a.0 ( ,IRAQIS1 AS SURVEY$ BY ! ,BRITI% MILIT>Y1 FEEL OCCUPATION TROOPS >E IMPROV+ SECURITY 9 !IR C\NTRY 7AS ( ,AUGU/ #b#e74 #f#g.0 ( ,IRAQIS BELIEVE CIVILIANS WILL BE MORE SECURE IF ,U,S TROOPS LEAVE )9 #f MON?S1 #f#g.0 BELIEVE PUBLIC S]VICES W\LD 9CREASE1 #f#e.0 BELIEVE CRIME W\LD DECREASE 7,JANU>Y #b#f1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,M>YL&74 

,U,S TROOPS C>RY+ \T ! OCCUPATION FACE A C]TA9 AM\NT ( ABUSE4 ,= ONE1 !Y HAVE BE5 SUBJECT$ TO ! M9D-NUMB+ BRUTALITY ( MILIT>Y LIFE & %IPP$ (F = ONE LIE 7! JU/IFICATION = ! W>7 )9 ANO!R 7PATRIOTISM74 ,& AFT] KILL+ L>GE NUMB]S ( ,IRAQIS1 BE+ J>R$ BY SUDD5 AMBU%ES1 DRIV+ OV] ROTT+ BODIES 9 ! /REETS1 & SEE+ A FEW FRI5DS 9JUR$ OR EV5 KILL$1 !Y >E LIKELY TO DEVELOP PO/-TRAUMATIC /RESS DISORD]1 POSSIBLY = ! RE/ ( !IR LIVES4 ,FEW] ,U,S TROOPS >E BE+ KILL$ 9 ?IS W>1 BUT A L>GE P>T ( ?AT IS BECAUSE ( ! USE ( BODY >MOR4 ,SO1 RA!R ?AN AIM+ = A BULLETPRO( TORSO1 ,IRAQI 9SURG5TS AIM = LIMBS1 MEAN+ ?AT A L>GE NUMB] ( TROOPS :O 9 AN E>LI] W> W\LD HAVE BE5 KILL$ >E COM+ HOME CRIPPL$4 ,! NUMB] 9JUR$ 7REQUIR+ M$ICAL EVACUATION7 IS OV] #b14 ,& ! ,BU% ADM9I/RATION HAS BE5 ESPECIALLY CRUEL TO ! TROOPS1 KEEP+ !M PA/ !IR 5LI/M5T1 UND]-EQUIPP+ !M1 & CUTT+ S]VICES TO VET]ANS4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! ,U,S TROOPS >E ABUSIVE !MSELVES4 ,PEOPLE :O TAKE TROPHY PHOTOS ( DISEMB[EL$ ,IRAQI BOYS !Y'VE JU/ KILL$1 OR NAK$ PRISON]S !Y >E TORTUR+1 :O TRADE PICTURES ( GRUESOME DEA?S = PORNOGRAPHY1 >E NOT 9NOC5T VICTIMS :O HAVE BE5 DUP$ 9TO S]VICE4 ,A GOOD MANY ,AM]ICANS 5LI/ BECAUSE !Y WANT TO BE ABLE TO KILL PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 & !Y GLORIFY :AT !Y DO4 ,AS M5TION$1 #b#h.0 ( ,M>9ES ADMITT$ TO %OOT+ NONCOMBATANTS4 ,! RACISM & BRUTALITY ( ,U,S TROOPS HAS EV5 DRAWN VOCAL CRITICISMS FROM (FIC]S 9 ! ,BRITI% MILIT>Y1 ITSELF GUILTY ( TORTURE 9 ,IRAQ ON A SMALL] SCALE4 

,U,N 

,OCCASIONALLY LIB]ALS WILL /ILL EXPRESS ! HOPE ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS C\LD TAKE OV] ! OCCUPATION ( ,IRAQ4 ,?IS IS ABSURD4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS WAS ! BODY TO C>RY \T ! G5OCIDAL SANCTIONS US$ AGA9/ ,IRAQ ?R\<\T ! #iS1 & ! ,U,N WAS COMPLICIT 9 ! ,U,S 9VASION ( ,IRAQ1 QUITT+ ! ,KUWAITI BORD] TO ALL[ ! 9VAD+ TROOPS ?R\<4 ,U,N TROOPS 9 C\NTRIES ?R\<\T ! WORLD HAVE BE5 CAU<T C>RY+ \T ACTS ( RAPE1 & SETT+ UP PRO/ITUTION & SLAVE TRAFFICK+ R+S EXPLOIT+ IMPOV]I%$ LOCALS4 ,! ,U,N TOOK OV] ! OCCUPATION ( ,HAITI AFT] A #bd ,U,S-BACK$ C\P DEPOS$ ! DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T1 & ,U,N TROOPS1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( SOCIALI/ ,BRAZIL1 W]E COMPLICIT 9 SEV]AL MASSACRES & O!R REPRESSIVE ACTS 9 ! REBELLI\S SLUMS ( ! CAPITAL4 ,! ,U,N IS NOT A B5EVOL5T ORGANIZATION1 IT IS ! SUM TOTAL ( ALL ! BUREAUCRATS1 POLITICIANS1 GOV]NM5T LEAD]S1 & JACK-BOOT$ SOLDI]S :O COMPRISE IT4 

,RESI/ANCE 

,IRAQI ,RESI/ANCE 

,A SECRET ,BRITI% MILIT>Y POLL CONDUCT$ 9 ,AUGU/ #b#e1 & A ,JANU>Y #bf POLL BY ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,M>YL& F\ND ?AT AB\T HALF ( ,IRAQIS ADMITT$ TO APPROV+ ( 9SURG5T ATTACKS AGA9/ ,U,S1 ,U,K1 & O!R OCCUPY+ TROOPS4 #h#h.0 ( ,SUNNIS POLL$ W]E 9 FAVOR1 & #d#a.0 ( ,%IA4 ,& ! ,BRITI% POLL1 CORROBORAT+ ! F9D+S ( O!R POLLS1 F\ND ?AT #h#b.0 ( ALL ,IRAQIS 0/RONGLY OPPOSE0 ! PRES5CE ( OCCUPATION TROOPS4 ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE TO ,U,S OCCUPATION IS A POPUL> MOVEM5T4 ,U,S M$IA1 & EV5 MO/ ,U,S ANTI-W> ACTIVI/S1 PRET5D ?AT ! RESI/ANCE IS A %AD[Y1 UNKN[N NETWORK ( T]RORI/S1 :5 ?IS IS PAT5TLY UNTRUE4 

,!RE IS A DIV]SITY ( RESI/ANCE GR\PS1 & MANY ( !M MA9TA9 WEBSITES & MAKE PUBLIC /ATEM5TS4 ,MO/ ( !M >E OPPOS$ TO ATTACKS AGA9/ CIVILIANS4 ,ONE GR\P1 ! ,IRAQI ,NATIONAL ,ISLAMIC ,RESI/ANCE1 7ALSO KN[N AS 0! #aib ,REVOLUTION ,BRIGADES0 9 A CLE> REF]5CE TO E>LI] ANTI-IMP]IALI/ /RUGGLES7 />T$ #af ,JULY1 #b#c1 ) ! AIM 0TO LIB]ATE ,IRAQI T]RITORY FROM =EIGN MILIT>Y & POLITICAL OCCUPATION & TO E/ABLI% A LIB]AT$ & 9DEP5D5T ,IRAQI /ATE ON ,ISLAMIC BASES40 ,IT LAUN*ES >M$ ATTACKS AGA9/ ,U,S =CES1 PRIM>ILY CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! >EA WE/ ( ,BA<DAD 7,N9WI1 ,DIYALI1 & ,ANB>74 ,AMONG ! ,SUNNIS !RE >E ALSO SEV]AL ,BA'A?I/ FACTIONS1 MO/LY ANTI-,SADDAM4 ,%IA GR\PS 9CLUDE ! ,AL ,SADR MILITIA & ! ,IMAM ,ALI ,B9-,ABI-,TALIB ,JIHADI ,BRIGADES1 :I* APPE>$ #ab ,OCTOB]1 #b#c1 V[+ TO KILL ! SOLDI]S ( ANY C\NTRY S5D+ ITS TROOPS TO SUPPORT ! COALITION =CES1 & ?REAT5+ TO TRANSF] ! BATTLEGR\ND TO ! T]RITORIES ( SU* C\NTRIES IF !Y W]E TO S5D TROOPS4 ,! ,JIHADI ,BRIGADES1 ACTIVE 9 ,NAJAF & ,K>BALA1 ALSO ?REAT5$ TO ASSASS9ATE ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! ,9T]IM ,GOV]N+ ,C\NCIL & ANY ,IRAQI COOP]AT+ ) ! COALITION =CES4 ,!RE >E F\R GR\PS IDEOLOGICALLY CLOSE TO ,AL ,QAIDA1 BUT !Y >E ALL V]Y SMALL & T5D ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY TO KIDNAP+S ( =EIGN]S S5SATIONALIZ$ ?R\< ! M$IA4 

,SOME ( ! GR\PS 9 ! RESI/ANCE >E ,ISLAMI/1 SOME SECUL>1 & SOME SIMPLY ,MUSLIM2 P>TS ( ! RESI/ANCE >E RI<TW+ :ILE O!RS HAVE ANTI-IMP]IALI/ LEAN+S & /ILL O!RS FOCUS ON ATTACK+ ! OIL 9FRA/RUCTURE1 BUT !Y ALL SEEM TO AGREE ON ! NECESSITY ( GETT+ =EIGN TROOPS \T ( !IR C\NTRY4 ,ANTI-W> ACTIVI/S 9 ! ,U,S W\LD DO WELL TO LE>N MORE AB\T ! ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE1 S9CE IT IS ONLY BECAUSE ( A SUCCESSFUL & VIOL5T RESI/ANCE ?AT ANYONE IS /ILL PAY+ ATT5TION TO ,IRAQ 7RA!R ?AN =GETT+ AB\T IT LIKE EV]YONE DID ) ,HAITI74 ,& ?\< IT IS IMPORTANT NOT TO IDEALIZE ! RESI/ANCE1 ! F> MORE PRES5T DANG] IS SUCCUMB+ TO ! RACI/ /]EOTYPES ?AT AN ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE IS 9H]5TLY PATRI>*AL1 AU?ORIT>IAN1 & BRUTI%1 )\T EV5 DO+ \R RESE>*4 ,! FUNDAM5TAL TRU? IS ?AT REG>DLESS ( ANY REAL OR IMAG9$ %ORTCOM+S1 ! ,IRAQIS HAVE A RI<T TO RESI/ OCCUPATION4 

,& AN>*I/S HAVE A DUTY TO OPPOSE IT4 ,IGNOR+ A LEGITIMATE RESI/ANCE1 EV5 IF IT HAS OPPRESSIVE *>ACT]I/ICS WE CANNOT SUPPORT1 WILL KEEP AN>*ISM IRRELEVANT ?R\< MU* ( ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?4 ,IF ! ,U,S LOSES 9 ,IRAQ1 ?IS OP5S POSSIBILITIES = LIB]ATION !RE & ?R\<\T ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,IT IS UP TO ! ,IRAQIS :AT NEW SOCIETY !Y CREATE1 & IT MAY WELL BE A PATRI>*AL OR FUNDAM5TALI/ ONE1 BUT ?AT IS NOT = US TO DECIDE -- :5 FI<T+ NEOCOLONIALISM WE MU/ MAKE SURE NOT TO APPLY A COLONIAL M5TALITY TO RESI/ANCE 7E4G4 TEA* !M TO DO IT \R WAY OR CUT (F ALL AID74 ,A QUE/ION ?AT HAS NOT BE5 ANSW]$ 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T RELATES TO ! PROPRIETY & LOGI/ICS ( SUPPORT+ BETT] SEGM5TS ( ! ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE TO 5C\RAGE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM & WOM5'S LIB]ATION4 ,:AT DOES CRITICAL SOLID>ITY LOOK LIKE1 )\T BE+ MANIPULATIVE8 ,BUT 9 MANY WAYS1 ?IS QUE/ION IS PREMATURE4 ,!RE SEEM TO BE A LACK ( CONNECTIONS & COMMUNICATION4 ,A PRIORITY = N[ MAY BE TO REA* \T TO ,IRAQI COMMUNITIES 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 TRANSLATE & DISSEM9ATE ! COMMUNICATIONS ( ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE GR\PS 9TO ,5GLI%1 & TAKE ! DANG]\S /EP ( ORGANIZ+ TRIPS TO ,IRAQ OR NEI<BOR+ C\NTRIES TO GA!R 9=MATION & E/ABLI% CONTACTS4 

,GLOBAL ,RESI/ANCE 

,RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ,U,S IMP]IALISM IS GLOBAL1 & IT EXT5DS BEYOND ! SPECIFIC W> 9 ,IRAQ1 AS IT NE$S TO4 ,9 ! LA/ YE>1 PROTE/S AGA9/ ,U,S MILIT>Y OCCUPATION & BASES HAVE OCCURR$ 9 ,JAPAN1 ,KOREA1 ! ,PHILIPP9ES1 ,AF<ANI/AN1 ,IREL&1 ,G]MANY1 ,ITALY1 & ,BULG>IA2 AGA9/ ,U,S MILIT>Y 9VOLVEM5T 9 ,>G5T9A1 ,*ILI1 ,ECUADOR1 ,V5EZUELA1 ,PAKI/AN1 & ELSE:]E4 ,WE NE$ TO CONT9UE TO MAKE CONNECTIONS1 NOT JU/ AGA9/ SPECIFIC W>S 7BECAUSE ?IS W> WILL 5D BE=E ,U,S IMP]IALISM DOES7 BUT AGA9/ ! /ATUS QUO4 ,A N>R[ ECONOMIC ANALYSIS NE$S TO BE AB&ON$ 9 FAVOR ( ONE ?AT UND]/&S W>S SU* AS ?IS ONE AS P>T ( GLOBALIZATION 7NOT JU/ = ! HOLL[ EXPLANATION ( OIL PR(ITS1 BUT = P[] & CONTROL ON A GLOBAL LEVEL71 & ALSO COMPREH5DS ! RACI/ SY/EM ( GLOBAL SLAV]Y & COLONIALISM1 A CULTURAL IMP]IALISM ?AT EXI/S NOT JU/ TO SECURE M>KETS BUT TO FULFILL ITS 9H]5T S5SE ( SUP]IORITY4 

,A PR9CIPLE T5ET ( AN>*ISM IS1 OR %\LD BE1 SELF-ID5TIFICATION4 ,PEOPLE WILL ID5TIFY !MSELVES1 & !IR OPPRESSORS1 9 A V>IETY ( WAYS1 & !Y HAVE A RI<T TO4 ,IT IS NOT SOLELY A CLASS W>1 & NOT EV]YONE WILL ID5TIFY !IR OPPRESSORS AS ! [N+ CLASS1 OR ! /ATE4 ,ACCORD+LY1 NOT EV]YONE WILL ID5TIFY AS AN AN>*I/4 ,WE NE$ TO RECOGNIZE ?IS1 & BUILD SOLID>ITY REG>DLESS1 SUPPORT+ ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM :]EV] WE F9D IT4 ,! ,IRAQ ,W> IS A CALL TO ACTION = AN>*I/S1 & ?AT IS :]E EV]Y TRULY AN>*I/ ANALYSIS %\LD LEAVE US -- 9 ACTION4 ,!RE IS CAUSE TO *ALL5GE ,U,S MILIT>ISM1 & MANY AN>*I/S 9 ?IS C\NTRY >E DO+ SO BY T>GET+ MILIT>Y RECRUIT+4 ,!RE IS ALSO CAUSE TO *ALL5GE ! B5EFICI>IES ( ,U,S IMP]IALISM 9 ,IRAQ1 NOT JU/ ! OBVI\S PR(ITE]S1 BUT ALSO ! CORPORATIONS & 9/ITUTIONS RELAT+ TO ,U,S RACISM & /ATE P[]1 RECOGNIZ+ ALL ! ELEM5TS COMPRIS+ ! OCCUPATION 7& 9 ATTACK+1 ILLUM9AT+ !M & !IR ROLE74 ,& !RE IS CAUSE TO BROAD5 ! /RUGGLE BY CONNECT+ ) O!R PEOPLE :O SUFF] UND] ,U,S IMP]IALISM1 9 ,IRAQ & >\ND ! WORLD4 

,KEY ,S\RCES 

,MON?LY NEWS BRIEFS1 9CLUD+ MAJOR EV5TS & DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,IRAQ S9CE ! 9VASION1 CAN BE F\ND \T WWW4SIGNALFIRE4ORG_/NEWS 

,! ,P,I,P,A_/ ,UNIV]SITY ( ,M>YL& /UDY 7,JANU>Y #b#f7 CAN BE F\ND AT3 WWW4WORLDPUBLICOP9ION4ORG 

,AN >TICLE ON ,IRAQ'S COLONIAL HI/ORY CAN BE F\ND AT3 WWW4H>T=D-HWP4COM 

,9=MATION ON ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE GR\PS CAN BE F\ND AT3 WWW4GLOBALPOLICY4ORG 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,IRAQ ,W> -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,IRAQ ,W> -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/