,AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM 

#aigc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DANIEL ,GU]9 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION 

,! MA9 P>T ( MY CONTRIBUTION TO ?IS ,CI5FUEGOS ,PRESS PAMPHLET IS A PAP] :I* ,I HAD OCCASION TO GIVE 9 ,NEW ,YORK 9 #a#i#g#c1 ON 0,AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM04 ,BUT ,I W\LD LIKE TO PREFACE IT ) A FEW HI!RTO UNPUBLI%$ REFLECTIONS ON ,M>X & ,5GELS MILITANT4 ,= IT IS ?IS ASPECT ( !IR ACTIVITIES :I* ATTRACTS ME MO/4 ,I MU/ CONFESS ?AT PHILOSOPHICAL M>XISM1 ! M>XISM :I* CRITICIZES B\RGEOIS POLITICAL ECONOMY1 9DE$ EV5 ITS HI/ORICAL WRIT+S 7:I* >E1 = ME1 ! MO/ EXEMPL>Y7 N[ADAYS LEAVE ME RA!R COLD4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ,I LIKE TO FOLL[ ,M>X & ,5GELS 9 ACTION1 FITT+ 9TO ! MOVEM5T ( ! LABOR+ MASSES4 ,I WILL NOT DISCUSS H]E ALL ! MILITANT P]=MANCES ( ! TWO REVOLUTION>IES1 BUT ONLY TWO EPISODES1 *OS5 FROM AMONG ! MO/ REVEAL+2 ! $ITOR%IP ( ! ,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG 9 ,COLOGNE 9 #a#h#d#h-#a#h#d#i1 & ! IMPETUS GIV5 TO ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ( #a#h#f#d-#a#h#g#b4 

,IF ,I'VE OPT$ = !SE TWO MAJOR EPISODES1 IT'S P>TLY BECAUSE SOME REC5T PUBLICATIONS HAVE PLAC$ !M 9 A NEW LI<T4 ,! FIR/ IS ! PUBLICATION ( ! >TICLES BY ,M>X & ,5GELS FROM !IR J\RNAL1 ! ,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG1 9 A ,FR5* TRANSLATION 9 #c VOLUMES 7#a#i#f#c-#a#i#g#a74 ,! SECOND1 ALSO 9 ,FR5*1 IS ! ,M9UTES ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL PUBLI%$ 9 #f VOLUMES BY ,PROGRESS ,PUBLICATIONS 9 ,MOSC[1 FROM #aigb TO #a#i#g#e4 ,! /UDY ( !SE EPISODES FITS 9TO ! CONTEXT ( A CONFRONTATION BETWE5 AN>*ISM & M>XISM1 = !Y DEMON/RATE AT ! SAME TIME ! 9CONTE/ABLE VALUE ( ! TWO F\ND]S ( M>XISM1 & !IR WEAK PO9TS3 AU?ORIT>IANISM1 SECT>IANISM1 LACK ( UND]/&+ ( ! LIB]T>IAN P]SPECTIVE4 

,IT WAS TWO Y\NG M5 ( #c & #bh :O SET UP ! ,RH9EL& J\RNAL 9 #a#h#d#h4 ,!IR TAL5T AS J\RNALI/S EQUAL$ !IR C\RAGE4 ,!Y RAN ! RISK ( ALL K9DS ( H>RASSM5TS & LEGAL ACTIONS1 BO? BY POLICE & JUDICI>Y4 ,!Y W]E RESOLUTELY 9T]NATIONALI/ & SUPPORT$ ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ( ! MANY C\NTRIES SEIZ$ BY ! FEV] ( '#d#h4 ,!Y /RUGGL$ ALONGSIDE ! WORK]S ( !IR C\NTRY & ,5GELS WAS JU/IFI$ 9 MA9TA9+1 MU* LAT]1 9 #a#h#h#d1 ?AT 0NO J\RNAL WAS SO SUCCESSFUL 9 R\S+ ! PROLET>IAN MASSES04.<#a.> 

,BO? DEVOT$ ADMIRABLE PAGES TO :AT !Y CALL$ ! ,P>IS WORK]S' REVOLUTION ( #b#c-#b#e ,JUNE #a#h#d#h1 :I* WAS TO T]M9ATE 9 A HEAVY DEFEAT1 FOLL[$ BY HORRIFY+ REPRESSION4 ,M>X WAS NOT BOA/+ :5 HE ASS]T$ ! FOLL[+ ,NOVEMB]3 0,WE ALONE UND]/OOD ! ,JUNE REVOLUTION40 ,! TWO FRI5DS UND]/OOD ! DRAMATIC DIVORCE EFFECT$ BETWE5 ! ,P>ISIAN WORK]S1 =C$ 9TO ! MO/ VIOL5T ( RIOTS1 & ! MASS ( SMALL PEASANTRY1 MAL9=M$ & FRI<T5$ BY ?IS \TBUR/ ( ! 0DI/RIBUTIONI/S04 ,!Y CONDEMN$ ! PETIT-B\RGEOIS IDEALI/S 79 P[] S9CE ,FEBRU>Y '#d#h7 = AB&ON+ ! 9SURG5TS1 A DES]TION !Y W]E TO PAY DE>LY =1 BECAUSE ONE YE> LAT] !SE PALE REPUBLICANS W]E TO BE DEFEAT$ 9 !IR TURN BY MORE REACTION>Y ?AN !Y1 & AB&ON$ BY ! PROLET>IAT4 

,M>X & ,5GELS 9 ADDITION SAW CLE>LY ! ,EUROPEAN REP]CUSSIONS ( ! WORK]S' DEFEAT 9 ,JUNE '#d#h4 ,FROM ?AT PO9T ! REVOLUTION WAS =C$ TO BEAT A RETREAT ?R\<\T ! CONT95T4 ,AMONG O!R ?+S IT WAS ! BLOODY DAYS ( ,P>IS :I* DROVE ! >MIES ( ! CZ> 0TO ,BU*>E/ OR TO ,JESSY04 ,! C\RAGE\S ATTITUDE ( ! TWO Y\NG J\RNALI/S WAS TO BE NO LESS PREJUDICIAL TO !M2 !IR /& 9 FAVOR ( ! ,P>IS 9SURG5TS PUT TO FLI<T !IR LA/ %>EHOLD]S & !Y HAD TO FILL ?IS VACUUM BY EXHAU/+ ! FAMILY 9H]ITANCE4 ,! LESSON ?AT !Y DRAW FROM BO? #agic & FROM ,JUNE '#d#h IS RADICAL3 0,!RE IS ONLY ONE WAY TO ABROGATE 
! DEADLY AGONY ( ! OLD SOCIETY3 REVOLUTION>Y T]RORISM40 

,BUT B5EA? ?IS EXTREMISM APPE> ! ALREADY AU?ORIT>IAN TRAITS ( E>LY M>XISM4 ,5GELS1 RECALL+ ! ,RH9EL& J\RNAL 9 #a#h#h#d1 ACKN[L$G$ ?AT ,M>X EX]CIS$ HIS 0DICTATOR%IP0 ON ! $ITORIAL /AFF4 ,ALL HIS COLLABORATORS1 RECOGNIZ+ HIS 9TELLECTUAL SUP]IORITY1 SUBMITT$ TO ! AU?ORITY ( !IR *IEF $ITOR4 ,HE ABUS$ ?AT P[]1 JU/ AS1 WE WILL SEE LAT]1 HE WAS TO ABUSE IT 9 ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AU?ORIT>IANISM & ALSO EXCESS ( PRIDE4 ,?US1 BR\<T BE=E A TRIBUNAL 9 ,COLOGNE1 HE CRI$1 ) COMPLETE DISDA91 0,AS F> AS ,I'M CONC]N$1 ,I ASSURE Y\ ?AT ,I PREF] FOLL[+ GREAT WORLD EV5TS1 ANALYZ+ ! M>* ( HI/ORY1 TO WRE/L+ ) LOCAL IDOLS40 

,! TWO FRI5DS LO/ NO OPPORTUNITY TO PICK ON ,PR\DHON & ,BAKUN94 ,! BRAVE SPEE* GIV5 BY ! =M] AT ! #c#a/ ,JULY #ahdh SESSION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY1 TO ! BOOS ( HIS FURI\S COLLEAGUES1 >\S$ ! RIDICULE ( ! ,RH9EL& J\RNALI/S4 ,YET 9 ?IS SPEE* ! AN>*I/ DELEGATE D>$ TO %[ SOLID>ITY ) ! ,JUNE 9SURG5TS & FL+ A SOCIALI/ *ALL5GE AT ! B\RGEOIS ORD]4 ,BUT = ,M>X & ,5GELS IT WAS NO?+ BUT A CLEV] RUSE3 TO C>RY (F HIS PETIT-B\RGEOIS ,UTOPIAS SUCCESSFULLY1 ! FA!R ( AN>*ISM 0IS =C$ TO HOLD A DEMOCRATIC ATTITUDE 9 ! FACE ( ?IS :OLE B\RGEOIS ,*AMB]40 

,= ! ,APPEAL TO ! ,SLAVS />T$ BY ,BAKUN91 ! SAME S>CASMS3 ,= ?IS ,RUSSIAN PATRIOT1 ! WORD 0LIB]TY0 REPLACES EV]Y?+4 ,NOT A WORD ( REALITY4 ,ALL Y\ F9D 9 ?IS ,APPEAL >E MORE OR LESS MORAL CATEGORIES1 0:I* PROVE ABSOLUTELY NO?+04 ,ONLY 0,BAKUN9'S IMAG9ATION0 WAS UNAW>E ( GEOGRAPHICAL & COMM]CIAL NECESSITIES :I* 0>E VITAL QUE/IONS = ,G]MANY04 ,! NOR!RN P>TS ( ,G]MANY1 >E !Y NOT 0COMPLETELY G]MANIZ$08 ,>E !SE GOOD ,G]MANS TO BE =C$ TO SPEAK DEAD ,SLAVONIC LANGUAGES8 ,! POLITICAL C5TRALIZATION IMPOS$ BY ! ,G]MAN CONQU]OR & :I* ONLY 0! MO/ RESOLUTE T]RORISM0 CAN SAFEGU>D IS ! EXPRESSION ( A 0PRESS+ NE$0 ( AN ECONOMIC *>ACT]4 ,TOO BAD IF IT 9VOLVES 0BRUTALLY CRU%+ A FEW T5D] LITTLE NATIONAL FL[]S01 EXCLAIMS ,5GELS ! ,JACOB94 

,LET US MOVE ON N[ TO ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AT ! TIME :5 HE WAS BO? HOLD+ IT POIS$ ON ! BAPTISMAL FONT & S]V+ AS ITS P5HOLD]1 7)1 ,I MAY ADD1 CONSID]ABLE PANA*E07 ,M>X IS TRULY T\*+ 9 HIS SELFLESSNESS & MODE/Y4 ,:5 ! *AIRMAN%IP ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL WAS (F]$ HIM1 HE DECL9$ HUMBLY1 REG>D+ HIMSELF AS 0UNQUALIFI$1 AS HE IS AN 9TELLECTUAL WORK]1 NOT A MANUAL WORK]04 

,ON ! EVE ( ! ,LAUSANNE ,CONGRESS 9 #a#h#f#g1 HE /AT$ ?AT HE WAS 9 NO FIT /ATE TO GO1 & /OOD D[N AS A DELEGATE4 ,MOREOV] HE WAS TO ABS5T HIMSELF FROM ALL ! ANNUAL CONF]5CES UNTIL ! FATEFUL ONE ( #a#h#g#b4 ,HE PR(ESS$ A SPONTANEI/ FAI?4 ,WRIT+ ! #d? ANNUAL REPORT ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL = ! ,BRUSSELS CONGRESS ( #a#h#f#h1 HE PROCLAIM$3 0,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION IS ! DAU<T] NEI!R ( A SECT NOR A !ORY4 ,IT IS ! SPONTANE\S 79 ,G]MAN1 NATURWU*SIG1 BEGOTT5 BY NATURE7 PRODUCT ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T1 :I* ITSELF SPR+S FROM ! NORMAL & IRREPRESSIBLE T5D5CIES ( MOD]N SOCIETY40 ,?IS DEF9ITION ( :AT N[ADAYS WE CALL 79CORRECTLY1 ANYWAY7 WORK]S' AUTONOMY C\LD HAVE COME FROM ! P5 ( A LIB]T>IAN4 

,BUT SOON 5\< ,M>X TOOK AN AU?ORIT>IAN TURN1 = SEV]AL REASONS3 TO />T )1 HE HAD 
PUBLI%$1 9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#f#g1 ! FIR/ VOLUME ( HIS ,CAPITAL1 :I* BR\<T HIM A SPE$Y NOTORIETY & ! CONGRATULATIONS ( ! 9T]NATIONALI/S1 ! ,G]MANS FIR/3 NEXT1 UND] ! BANN] ( ,WILHELM ,LIEBKNE*T & ,AUGU/ ,BEBEL1 ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY HAD AN ANIMAT$ BLOSSOM+ & SUCCE$$1 9 SPITE ( GOV]NM5T RE/RICTIONS1 9 GETT+ AB\T A HUNDR$ UNIONS TO AFFILIATE TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9 ! ,REI*/AG 9 #a#h#f#i1 ,BEBEL BOA/$ ( ?IS AFFILIATION4 ,M>X1 :O WAS ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,REGIONAL C\NCIL = ,G]MANY1.<#b.> SWELL$ ) PRIDE4 ,HE WAS NO LONG] ALONE4 ,AT LA/ HE HAD A GREAT POLITICAL P>TY TO PROTECT HIM FROM ! RE>4 ,F9ALLY1 9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#f#h1 ,BAKUN9 F\ND$ AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ,ALLIANCE & AIM$ TO 5T] IT 5 BLOC 9TO ! ,A,I,T4 ,PANIC-/RICK51 ,M>X GOT ! ,REGIONAL ,C\NCIL TO REFUSE ?IS ADMISSION4 ,BUT 9 ,M>* #a#h#f#i1 A %AKY COMPROMISE 9T]V5$3 ONLY ! NATIONAL SECTIONS ( ,BAKUN9'S LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION W]E ACCEPT$ 9TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,) A BAD GRACE1 ,M>X HAD PICK$ OV] ! PROGRAM & /ATUTES ( ! ,ALLIANCE1 9 ! M>G9 ( :I* HE HAD SCRAWL$ A REF]5CE TO ,BAKUN9 AS AS9US AS9ORUM0 7! ASS ( ASSES74 ,! QU>REL WAS TO BE REVIV$ 9 #a#h#g#a-#a#h#g#b4 ,WE>Y ( ?IS 9T]NAL /RUGGLE1 SO W\ND+ TO HIS PRIDE1 ,M>X CALL$ ON ,5GELS = HELP1 HAD HIM ADMITT$ AS A MEMB] ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL & 5TRU/$ HIM ) ! JOB ( UND]M9+ ,BAKUN9 & HIS P>TISANS 9 ALL ! C\NTRIES CONC]N$4 ,L&$ ?US 9 ! SADDLE1 ,5GELS PROV$ HIMSELF MORE AGGRESSIVE & MORE SECT>IAN EV5 ?AN ,M>X HIMSELF4 ,HE %[$ A DI/9CT LIK+ = DIRTY WORK4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! TWO REVOLUTION>IES PUT !IR P>TISAN 9T]E/S BE=E ?OSE ( ! WORK]S :O JO9$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 EV]-9CREAS+ NUMB]S & 5D[$ IT ) A HEI<T5$ BRILLIANCE4 ,EV5 ! BLOODY CRU%+ ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 F> FROM DAMAG+ ! ,A,I,T1 GAVE IT AN EXTRA LU/]3 SURVIVORS ( ! MASSACRE1 ESCAP$ TO ,LONDON1 MADE DRAMATIC 5TRANCES 9TO ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL4 

,M>X & ,5GELS MADE USE ( ?IS GR[? ( PRE/IGE & P[] ( AN ORGANIZATION :I* !Y !N L$1 TO PLOT ! EXPULSION ( ! AN>*I/S1 ?OSE SPOILSPORTS1 ?OSE DECL>$ 5EMIES ( ! ,/ATE1 ?OSE OPPON5TS ( ELECTORAL COMPROMISES ( ! K9D PRACTIC$ BY ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS4 ,! EVICTION WAS CONTRIV$ 9 TWO /AGES1 FIR/LY1 AT A MEET+ 7NON/ATUTORY7 9 ,LONDON 9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#g#a1 !N AT ! ,CONGRESS 7RIGG$7 HELD AT ,LA ,HAYE 9 #a#h#g#b4 ,?REE SPOKESM5 = LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME1 ,ADHEM> ,S*WITZGUEBEL W]E EXCLUD$ BY AN >TIFICIAL MAJORITY4 ,M>X & ,5GELS MANAG$ TO GET ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL RELEGAT$ TO ,NEW ,YORK1 TO ! T5D] M]CIES ( !IR FRI5D ,SORGE4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL1 AT LEA/ 9 ITS FIR/ =M1 WAS DEAD4 

,DANIEL ,GU]9 

#a 

,:5 ONE WI%ES TO DISCUSS ?IS SORT ( SUBJECT1 ONE IS CONFRONT$ BY SEV]AL DIFFICULTIES4 ,LET US BEG9 ) ! FIR/ ONE4 ,:AT DO WE REALLY MEAN BY ! WORD 0M>XISM08 ,& :I* M>XISM >E WE TALK+ AB\T8 

,I FEEL IT'S IMPORTANT TO EXPLA9 IMM$IATELY3 :AT WE MEAN H]E BY 0M>XISM0 IS ALL ( ! MAT]IAL WRITT5 BY ,K>L ,M>X & ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS !MSELVES4 ,& NOT ?AT ( !IR MORE OR LESS FAI?LESS SUCCESSORS1 :O HAVE USURP$ ! LABEL ( 0M>XI/S04 

,SU*1 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE1 IS ! CASE ( ! DI/ORT$ 7ONE C\LD EV5 SAY BETRAY$7 M>XISM ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS4 

,H]E >E A FEW EXAMPLES3 

,DUR+ ! FIR/ YE>S ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC P>TY 9 ,G]MANY1 9 ,M>X'S LIFETIME1 ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS LAUN*$ ! SLOGAN ( A SO-CALL$ ,VOLK/AAT 7,PEOPLE'S ,/ATE74 ,M>X & ,5GELS W]E PROBABLY SO HAPPY & PR\D TO HAVE AT LA/1 9 ,G]MANY1 A P>TY ( ! MASSES DRAW+ 9SPIRATION FROM !M1 ?AT !Y DISPLAY$ A /RANGE 9DULG5CE T[>DS IT4 ,IT TOOK ,BAKUN9'S FURI\S & P]SI/5T D5UNCIATION ( ! ,VOLK/AAT & AT ! SAME TIME ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS' COLLUSION ) ! B\RGEOIS RADICAL P>TIES = ,M>X & ,5GELS TO FEEL OBLIG$ TO REPUDIATE SU* A SLOGAN & SU* A PRACTICE4 

,MU* LAT]1 9 #a#h#i#e1 ! AG+ ,5GELS :ILE WRIT+ HIS FAM\S PREFACE TO ,M>X'S ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE 9 ,FRANCE1 WAS TO MAKE A COMPLETE REVISION ( M>XISM 9 A RE=MI/ DIRECTION1 :I* IS TO SAY PUTT+ ! ACC5T ON ! USE ( ! BALLOT PAP] AS ! IDEAL WAY1 IF NOT ! ONLY WAY1 TO TAKE P[]4 ,5GELS1 !RE=E1 WAS NO LONG] M>XI/ 9 ! S5SE ?AT ,I UND]/& IT4 ,NEXT1 ,K>L ,KAUTSKY BECAME ! EQUIVOCAL SUCCESSOR TO ,M>X & ,5GELS4 ,ON ONE H&1 9 !ORY1 HE MADE A %[ ( KEEP+ )9 ! B\NDS ( REVOLUTION>Y CLASS /RUGGLE1 :ILE 9 FACT COV]+ UP ! SUCCESSIVELY MORE OPPORTUNI/ & RE=MI/ PRACTICES ( HIS P>TY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ,$W>D ,B]N/E91 :O ALSO SAW HIMSELF AS A 0M>XI/01 CALL$ = MORE FRANKNESS FROM ,KAUTSKY & OP5LY R5\NC$ CLASS /RUGGLE1 :I* ACCORD+ TO HIM WAS \T ( DATE1 9 FAVOR ( ELECTORALISM1 P>LIAM5T>IANISM & SOCIAL RE=MS4 

,KAUTSKY1 ON ! O!R H&1 CONSID]$ IT 05TIRELY WRONG0 TO SAY ?AT ! SOCIALI/ CONSCI5CE WAS ! NECESS>Y & DIRECT RESULT ( PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IF HE WAS TO BE BELIEV$1 SOCIALISM & CLASS /RUGGLE DID NOT G5]ATE ONE ANO!R4 ,!Y >OSE FROM DIFF]5T PREMISES4 ,! SOCIALI/ CONSCI5CE CAME FROM SCI5CE4 ,! C>RI]S ( SCI5CE W\LD NOT BE ! PROLET>IAT1 BUT ! B\RGEOIS 9TELLECTUALS4 ,BY !M W\LD SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM BE 0COMMUNICAT$0 TO ! PROLET>IANS4 ,TO CONCLUDE3 0,! SOCIALI/ CONSCI5CE IS AN ELEM5T IMPORT$ FROM \TSIDE ! PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE1 & NOT SOME?+ :I* SPR+S FROM IT SPONTANE\SLY40 

,! ABLE !ORETICIAN 9 ,G]MAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY :O REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO ! ORIG9AL M>XISM WAS ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG4 ,NEV]!LESS1 %E HAD TO MAKE PL5TY ( TACTICAL COMPROMISES ) ! LEAD]%IP ( H] P>TY2 %E DID NOT OP5LY CRITICIZE ,BEBEL & ,KAUTSKY2 %E DID NOT 5T] 9TO 

OP5 CONFLICT ) ,KAUTSKY UNTIL #a#i#a1 :5 H] EX-TUTOR DROPP$ ! IDEA ( ! MASS POLITICAL /RIKE1 & ABOVE ALL %E TRI$ H>D TO DISSIMULATE ! /RONG L9KS ) AN>*ISM ( H] CONCEPTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SPONTANEITY ( ! MASSES2 %E RESORT$ TO PRET5SE ( VITUP]ATIONS AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S4.<#c.> ,?US %E HOP$ NOT TO AL>M A P>TY :I* %E WAS ATTA*$ TO BO? BY CONVICTION &1 IT MU/ BE SAID1 = IT IS N[ KN[N1 BY MAT]IAL 9T]E/S4.<#d.> 

,BUT1 9 SPITE ( V>IANTS 9 PRES5TATION1 !RE IS NO REAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ G5]AL /RIKE & :AT ! PRUD5T ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG PREF]R$ TO NAME 0MASS /RIKE04 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 H] VIOL5T DISAGREEM5TS1 ! FIR/ ) ,L59 9 #a#i#d1 ! LA/ 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#a#h1 ) ! BOL%EVIK P[]1 W]E NOT V]Y F> FROM AN>*ISM4 ,! SAME = H] ULTIMATE IDEAS1 9 ! ,SP>TACI/ MOVEM5T1 AT ! 5D ( #a#i#a#h1 ( A SOCIALISM P[]$ FROM ! BOTTOM UP BY WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG IS ONE ( ! L9KS BETWE5 AN>*ISM & AU!NTIC M>XISM4 

,BUT AU!NTIC M>XISM WAS NOT DI/RU/$ ONLY BY ,G]MAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY4 ,IT WAS ALT]$ 9 A GREAT MEASURE BY ,L594 ,HE CONSID]ABLY 9CREAS$ C]TA9 ( ! JACOB9 & AU?ORIT>IAN TRAITS :I* ALREADY APPE> FROM TIME TO TIME1 AL?\< NOT ALWAYS1 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,M>X & ,5GELS4.<#e.> ,HE 9TRODUC$ AN ULTRAC5TRALISM1 A N>R[ SECT>IAN CONCEPT ( ! ,P>TY 7) A CAPITAL ,P7 & ABOVE ALL ! IDEA ( PR(ESSIONAL REVOLUTION>IES AS LEAD]S ( ! MASSES4.<#f.> ,NOT MANY ( !SE NOTIONS CAN BE F\ND 9 ,M>X'S WRIT+S1 :]E !Y >E NO MORE ?AN EMBRYONIC & UND]LY+4 

,NEV]!LESS1 ,L59 VIOL5TLY ACCUS$ ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS ( HAV+ REVIL$ ! AN>*I/S1 &1 9 HIS LITTLE BOOK ,! ,/ATE & ! ,REVOLUTION1 HE DEVOT$ A :OLE SECTION TO PAY+ !M TRIBUTE = !IR FIDELITY TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 

#b 

,! APPROA* TO \R SUBJECT PRES5TS A SECOND DIFFICULTY4 ,M>X & ,5GELS' WAY ( ?9K+ IS DIFFICULT 5\< TO COMPREH5D1 = IT EVOLV$ QUITE A BIT 9 ! C\RSE ( A HALF-C5TURY ( LABOR TO REFLECT ! LIV+ REALITY ( !IR TIMES4 ,DESPITE ALL ! ATTEMPTS ( C]TA9 ( !IR MOD]N COMM5TATORS1 7:I* 9CLUD$ A ,CA?OLIC PRIE/7 !RE IS NO M>XI/ DOGMATISM4 

,LET US TAKE A FEW EXAMPLES4 

,! Y\NG ,M>X1 A DISCIPLE ( ! PHILOSOPH] ,LUDWIG ,FEU]BA* & A HUMANI/1 IS V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ! ,M>X ( RIP] YE>S :O1 HAV+ BROK5 ) ,FEU]BA*1 RETREATS 9TO A PRETTY RIGID SCI5TIFIC DET]M9ISM4 

,! ,M>X ( ! ,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG1 :OSE SOLE DESIRE IS TO BE REG>D$ AS A DEMOCRAT1 & :O S\<T AN ALLIANCE ) ! PROGRESSIVE ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE1 BE>S LITTLE RESEMBLANCE TO ! ,M>X ( #a#h#e1 COMMUNI/ & EV5 BLANQUI/E1 ! EULOGI/ ( P]MAN5T REVOLUTION1 ( 9DEP5D5T COMMUNI/ POLITICAL ACTION & ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,! ,M>X ( ! FOLL[+ YE>S1 PO/PON+ TILL MU* LAT] ! 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION & %UTT+ HIMSELF AWAY 9 ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM LIBR>Y1 !RE TO GIVE HIMSELF UP TO EXT5SIVE & PEACEFUL SCI5TIFIC RESE>*1 IS AGA9 COMPLETELY DIFF]5T TO ! 9SURRECTIONALI/ ,M>X ( #a#h#e1 :O BELIEV$ 9 AN IMM95T G5]AL UPRIS+4 

,! ,M>X ( #a#h#f#d-#a#h#f#i1 PLAY+ ! ROLE AT FIR/ ( DIS9T]E/$ & DISCREET C\NSELOR 7BEH9D ! SC5ES7 ( ! ASSEMBL$ WORK]S 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 SUDD5LY BECOMES1 FROM #ahg ONW>DS1 AN ULTRA-AU?ORIT>IAN ,M>X :O RULES FROM ,LONDON OV] ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,! ,M>X :O1 AT ! />T ( #a#h#g#a1 GAVE SEV]E W>N+S AGA9/ A ,P>ISIAN 9SURRECTION1 IS NOT ! SAME AS ! ONE :O1 ONLY %ORTLY AFT]1 9 ! FAM\S ,ADDRESS1 PUBLI%$ UND] ! TITLE ( ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,FRANCE1 PRAISES ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE TO ! SKIES 7C]TA9 ASPECTS ( :I*1 BE IT SAID 9 PASS+1 HE IDEALIZES74.<#g.> 

,F9ALLY ! ,M>X :OM 9 ! SAME WORK1 ASS]TS ?AT ! ,COMMUNE HAD ! M]IT TO DE/ROY ! MA*9]Y ( ! ,/ATE & REPLACE IT ) COMMUNAL P[] IS NOT ! SAME ONE :O1 9 ! ,LETT] ON ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM1 5DEAVOR$ TO CONV9CE ! READ] ?AT ! ,/ATE MU/ SURVIVE1 = QUITE A LONG P]IOD AFT] ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4.<#h.> 

,?US1 !N1 !RE IS NO QUE/ION ( CONSID]+ ! ORIG9AL ,M>XISM1 ?AT ( ,M>X & ,5GELS1 AS A HOMOG5E\S BLOC4 ,WE MU/ SUBMIT IT TO A CLOSE CRITICAL EXAM9ATION & ONLY RETA9 ! ELEM5TS :I* HAVE A FAMILY TIE ) AN>*ISM4 

#c 

 ,WE >E N[ CONFRONT$ ) A ?IRD DIFFICULTY4 ,= EV5 LESS ?AN M>XISM DOES AN>*ISM =M A HOMOG5E\S BODY ( DOCTR9E4 ,AS ,I HAVE %[N 9 ! PREC$+ BOOK1 ! REFUSAL ( AU?ORITY1 ! EMPHASIS PLAC$ ON ! PRIORITY ( 9DIVIDUAL JUDGM5T1 P>TICUL>LY 9CITES LIB]T>IANS1 AS ,PR\DHON SAID 9 A LETT] TO ,M>X1 TO 0PR(ESS ANTI-DOGMATISM04 ,?US ! VIEWS ( LIB]T>IANS >E MORE DIV]SE1 MORE FLUID1 MORE DIFFICULT TO APPREH5D ?AN ?OSE ( ! SOCIALI/S :O >E REG>D$ AS AU?ORIT>IANS4 ,DIFF]5T CURR5TS EXI/ AT ! HE>T ( AN>*ISM3 AP>T FROM ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S ?AT ,I HAVE L9KS ) Y\ CAN C\NT 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/S1 COLLECTIVE AN>*I/S1 AN>*OSYNDICALI/S & NUM]\S O!R V>IETIES ( AN>*ISM3 NONVIOL5T AN>*I/S1 PACIFI/ AN>*I/S1 VEGET>IAN AN>*I/S ETC4 

,! PROBLEM1 !N1 PRES5TS ITSELF ( KN[+ :I* V>IETY ( AN>*ISM WE >E GO+ TO SET UP AGA9/ ! ORIG9AL M>XISM1 SO AS TO DISCOV] :I* >E ! PO9TS :]E ! TWO PR9CIPAL S*OOLS ( REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T MI<T AGREE--OR NOT AGREE4 

,IT IS APP>5T TO ME ?AT ! V>IETY ( AN>*ISM LEA/ DI/ANC$ FROM M>XISM IS ! CON/RUCTIVE1 GREG>I\S AN>*ISM1 ! COLLECTIVE OR COMMUNI/ AN>*ISM4 ,& IT IS NOT AT ALL BY *ANCE ?AT IT IS ?AT V]Y ONE1 & IT ALONE1 :I* ,I HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO DEL9EATE 9 ! PREC$+ LITTLE BOOK4 

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,IF ONE LOOKS A LITTLE CLOS]1 IT IS NOT H>D TO DISCOV] ?AT 9 ! PA/ AN>*ISM & M>XISM MUTUALLY 9FLU5C$ EA* O!R4 

,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ! GREAT ,ITALIAN AN>*I/1 WROTE SOME:]E3 0,ALMO/ ALL ! AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE ( ! #a#i? C5TURY WAS IMPREGNAT$ ) M>XISM40 

,WE KN[ ?AT ,BAKUN9 B[$ RESPECTFULLY BE=E ,M>X'S SCI5TIFIC ABILITIES1 TO ! EXT5T ( HAV+ />T$ TO TRANSLATE 9TO ,RUSSIAN ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL4 ,= HIS P>T1 ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/1 HIS FRI5D ,C>LO ,CAFI]O1 PUBLI%$ A SUMM>Y ( ! SAME WORK4 

,GO+ ! O!R WAY1 ,PR\DHON'S FIR/ BOOK1 ,:AT IS ,PROP]TY8 7#a#h#d7 & P>TICUL>LY HIS GREAT BOOK3 ,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMIC ,CONTRADICTIONS OR ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,POV]TY 7#a#h#d#f71 DEEPLY 9FLU5C$ ! Y\NG ,M>X1 EV5 ?\< %ORTLY AFT]W>DS ! UNGRATEFUL ECONOMI/ WAS TO MOCK HIS TEA*] & WRITE AGA9/ HIM ! V5OM\S ,POV]TY ( ,PHILOSOPHY4 

,9 SPITE ( !IR QU>RELS1 ,M>X [$ A LOT TO ! VIEWS EXPRESS$ BY ,BAKUN94 ,SO AS NOT TO REPEAT \RSELVES1 TWO ( !M WILL SUFFICE TO REM9D US3 

,! ,ADDRESS ,M>X COMPOS$ ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE IS1 = ! REASONS GIV5 LAT] ON1 L>GELY ( ,BAKUNIAN 9SPIRATION1 AS ,>?UR ,LEHNIG1 ! $ITOR ( ! ,BAKUN9 ,>*IVES1 HAS PO9T$ \T3 ,IT WAS ?ANKS TO ,BAKUN9 ?AT ,M>X1 AS HAS ALREADY BE5 SAID1 SAW HIMSELF OBLIG$ TO CONDEMN ! SLOGAN ( HIS SOCIAL-DEMOCRAT ASSOCIATES' ,VOLK/AAT4 

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,M>XISM & AN>*ISM >E NOT M]ELY 9FLU5C$ BY ONE ANO!R4 ,!Y HAVE A COMMON ORIG94 ,!Y BELONG TO ! SAME FAMILY4 ,AS MAT]IALI/S WE DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT IDEAS >E BORN PURELY & SIMPLY 9 ! BRA9S ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,!Y M]ELY REFLECT ! EXP]I5CE GA9$ BY ! MASS MOVEM5TS ?R\< CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! FIR/ SOCIALI/ WRIT]S1 AS MU* AN>*I/S AS M>XI/S1 TOGE!R DREW !IR 9SPIRATION FIR/ ( ALL FROM ! GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ( ! 5D ( ! #a#h? C5TURY1 !N FROM ! EF=TS UND]TAK5 BY ! ,FR5* WORK]S1 />T+ 9 #a#h#d1 TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES & /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION4 

,V]Y FEW PEOPLE KN[ ?AT !RE WAS A G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,P>IS 9 #a#h#d4 ,& DUR+ ! FOLL[+ YE>S !RE WAS A FL\RI%+ ( WORK]S' NEWSPAP]S1 SU* AS ,L ',ATELI]4 ,N[ IT WAS ! SAME YE>--#a#h#d--! CO9CID5CE IS REM>KABLE--?AT ,PR\DHON PUBLI%$ HIS ,MEMOIRE AGA9/ ,PROP]TY &1 F\R YE>S LAT]1 9 #a#h#d#d1 ! Y\NG ,M>X RECORD$ 9 HIS CELEBRAT$ & = A LONG TIME UN$IT$ ,MANUSCRIPTS1 ! TALE ( HIS VISIT TO ! ,P>IS WORK]S & ! VIVID IMPRESSION ?AT !SE MANUAL LABOR]S HAD MADE ON HIM4 ,! YE> BE=E1 9 #a#h#d#c1 AN EXCEPTIONAL WOMAN1 ,FLORA ,TRI/AN1 HAD PREA*$ ! ,WORK]S' ,UNION TO ! LABOR]S & UND]TAK5 A ,T\R DE ,FRANCE TO MAKE CONTACT ) ! WORK]S 9 ! CITIES4 

,?US AN>*ISM & M>XISM1 AT ! />T1 DRANK AT ! SAME PROLET>IAN SPR+4 ,& UND] ! PRESSURE ( ! NEW WORK+ CLASS !Y ASSIGN$ TO !MSELVES ! SAME F9AL AIM1 I4E4 TO OV]?R[ ! CAPITALI/ /ATE1 & TO 5TRU/ SOCIETY'S WEAL?1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION TO ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,SU* WAS SUBSEQU5TLY ! BASIS ( ! COLLECTIVI/ AGREEM5T CONCLUD$ BETWE5 M>XI/S & BAKUN9I/S AT ! #ahfi CONGRESS ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 BE=E ! ,FRANCO-,PRUSSIAN W> ( #a#h#g4 ,MOREOV] IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT ?IS AGREEM5T WAS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! LA/ DISCIPLES1 TURN$ REACTION>IES1 ( ,PR\DHON 7:O DI$ 9 #a#h#f#e74 ,ONE ( !SE WAS 
,TOLA91 :O CLUNG TO ! CONCEPT ( PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 

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,I M5TION$ A MOM5T AGO ?AT ! FIR/ SPOKESPEOPLE ( ! ,FR5* WORK]S' MOVEM5T W]E 9SPIR$ TO AN EXT5T BY ! GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,LET US COME BACK TO ?IS PO9T 9 A LITTLE MORE DETAIL4 

,AT ! HE>T ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION !RE W]E 9 FACT TWO V]Y DIFF]5T SORTS ( REVOLUTION1 OR IF Y\ PREF]1 TWO CONTRADICTORY V>IETIES ( P[]S1 ONE =M$ BY ! LEFT W+ ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 ! O!R BY A PREPROLET>IAT 7SMALL >TISANS & WAG$ WORK]S74 

,! FIR/ WAS AU?ORIT>IAN1 NAY DICTATORIAL1 C5TRALIZ$1 OPPRESSIVE TO ! UNPRIVILEG$4 ,! SECOND WAS DEMOCRATIC1 F$]ALI/1 COMPOS$ ( :AT TODAY WE W\LD CALL WORK]S' C\NCILS1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! #dh DI/RICTS ( ! CITY ( ,P>IS ASSOCIAT$ )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ! PEOPLE'S SOCIETIES 9 ! PROV9CIAL CITIES4.<#i.> ,I AM NOT AFRAID TO SAY ?AT ?IS SECOND P[] WAS ESS5TIALLY LIB]T>IAN1 AS IT W]E ! PRECURSOR ( ! #ahga ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOVIETS ( #a#i#a#g1 :]EAS ! FIR/ K9D WAS *RI/5$1 7AL?\< ONLY AFT] ! EV5T1 9 ! C\RSE ( ! #a#i? C5TURY7 JACOB94 ,:AT'S MORE1 ! WORD IS 9CORRECT1 AMBIGU\S & >TIFICIAL4 ,IT WAS TAK5 FROM ! NAME ( A POPUL> ,P>IS CLUB1 ,! ,SOCIETY ( ,JACOB9S1 :I* ITSELF CAME FROM ! ABBEY ( A MONA/IC ORD] 9 :OSE BUILD+ ! CLUB WAS SET UP4 ,9 FACT1 ! DEM>CATORY L9E ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE BETWE5 B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION>IES ON ONE SIDE & UNPRIVILEG$ ON ! O!R PASS$ 9SIDE & RI<T ?R\< ! ,SOCIETY ( ,JACOB9S4 ,PUT MORE PLA9LY1 AT ITS MEET+S ?OSE ( ITS MEMB]S :O EXTOLL$ ONE OR O!R ( ! TWO REVOLUTIONS CAME 9TO CONFLICT4 

,H[EV]1 9 ! LAT] POLITICAL LIT]ATURE1 ! WORD JACOB9 WAS COMMONLY US$ TO DESCRIBE A REVOLUTION>Y B\RGEOIS TRADITION1 DIRECT+ ! C\NTRY & ! REVOLUTION FROM HI< BY AU?ORIT>IAN MEANS1 & ! WORD WAS US$ 9 ?IS S5SE AS MU* BY ! AN>*I/S AS BY ! M>XI/S4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,*>LES ,DELESCLUZE1 ! LEAD] ( ! MAJORITY RI<T W+ ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ,C\NCIL1 REG>D$ HIMSELF AS A JACOB91 A ROBESPI]RI/4 

,PR\DHON & ,BAKUN91 9 !IR WRIT+S1 D5\NC$ ! 0JACOB9 SPIRIT01 RI<TLY CONSID]$ BY !M AS A POLITICAL LEGACY ( ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION>IES4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ,M>X & ,5GELS HAD SOME TR\BLE 9 FREE+ !MSELVES FROM ?IS JACOB9 MY?1 MADE GLORI\S BY ! 0H]OES0 ( ! B\RGEOIS ,REVOLUTION1 AMONG !M ,DANTON 7:O 9 ACTUAL FACT WAS A CORRUPT POLITICIAN & A D\BLE AG5T7 & ,ROBESPI]RE 7:O 5D$ UP AN APPR5TICE DICTATOR74 ,! LIB]T>IANS1 ?ANKS TO ! KE5NESS ( !IR ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN VISION1 W]E NOT DUP$ BY JACOB9ISM4 ,!Y UND]/OOD QUITE CLE>LY ?AT ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT ONLY A CIVIL W> BETWE5 ABSOLUTE MON>*Y & ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION>IES1 BUT ALSO1 A BIT LAT]1 A CIVIL W> BETWE5 0JACOB9ISM0 & :AT ,I WILL CALL1 = CONV5I5CE'S SAKE1 COMMUNALISM4 ,A CIVIL W> :OSE \TCOME1 9 ,M>* #a#g#i#d1 WAS ! DEFEAT ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ! BEHEAD+ ( ITS TWO MUNICIPAL MAGI/RATES1 ,*AUMETTE & ,HEB]T1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! OV]?R[ ( ! PEOPLE'S P[]1 JU/ AS ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA 5D$ 9 ! LIQUIDATION ( ! FACTORY C\NCILS4 

,M>X & ,5GELS SWUNG P]PETUALLY BETWE5 JACOB9ISM & COMMUNALISM4 ,RI<T AT ! 
BEG9N+ !Y PRAIS$ ! 0EXAMPLE ( RIGOR\S C5TRALIZATION 9 ,FRANCE 9 #a#g#i#c04 ,BUT MU* LAT]1 MU* TOO LATE1 9 #a#h#h#e1 ,5GELS REALIZ$ ?AT !Y HAD BE5 MISL$ & ?AT ! SAID C5TRALIZATION HAD LAID ! WAY OP5 TO ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,NAPOLEON ! ,FIR/4 ,IT HAPP5$ ?AT ,M>X WROTE ONCE ?AT ! ,5RAGES1 ! SUPPORT]S ( ! LEFT W+ EX-PRIE/ ,JACQUES ,R\X1 SPOKESMAN ( ! WORK+ CLASS POPULATION ( ! SUBURBS1 HAD BE5 ! 0PR9CIPAL REPRES5TATIVES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T04 ,BUT1 CONV]SELY1 ,5GELS CLAIM$ ELSE:]E ?AT SOMEONE 0C\LD AT ! V]Y LEA/ HAVE L5T A H& FROM ABOVE0 TO ! PROLET>IAT ( #a#g#i#c4 

,L591 LAT] ON1 %[$ HIMSELF TO BE MU* MORE ( A JACOB9 ?AN HIS TEA*]S1 ,M>X & ,5GELS4 ,ACCORD+ TO HIM1 JACOB9ISM W\LD HAVE BE5 0ONE ( ! CULM9AT+ PO9TS ?T ! OPPRESS$ CLASS REA*ES 9 ! /RUGGLE = ITS EMANCIPATION04 ,& HE LIK$ TO CALL HIMSELF A JACOB91 ADD+ ALWAYS3 0,A JACOB9 L9K$ ) ! WORK+ CLASS40 

,\R CONCLUSION ON ?IS PO9T IS ?AT ! AN>*I/S C\LD NOT HAVE GOT ON ) ! M>XI/S IF ! SECONDS-9-COMM& HAD NOT PURG$ !MSELVES = GOOD ( ANY JACOB9 9FLU5CES4 

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,N[ LET US RECAP ON ! PR9CIPAL PO9TS ( DIV]G5CE BETWE5 AN>*ISM & M>XISM3 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 AL?\< !Y AGREE ON ! ULTIMATE ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE1 ! M>XI/S BELIEVE IT NECESS>Y1 AFT] A VICTORI\S PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1 TO CREATE A NEW ,/ATE1 :I* !Y CALL A 0WORK]S' /ATE01 = AN 9DEF9ITE P]IOD3 AFT] :I* !Y PROMISE ?AT SU* A ,/ATE1 SOMETIMES LABEL$ 0SEMI-/ATE01 W\LD F9ALLY WI!R AWAY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! AN>*I/S OBJECT ?AT ! NEW ,/ATE W\LD BE MU* MORE OMNIPOT5T & OPPRESSIVE ?AN ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE1 DUE TO ! /ATI/ PROP]TY ( ! :OLE ECONOMY1 & ?AT ITS EV] GR[+ BUREAUCRACY W\LD REFUSE TO 0WI!R AWAY04 

,!N1 ! AN>*I/S >E A LITTLE SUSPICI\S AS REG>DS ! MISSIONS ASSIGN$ BY ! M>XI/S TO ! COMMUNI/ M9ORITY ( ! POPULATION4 ,IF !Y W]E TO CONSULT ! ,HOLY ,SCRIPTURES ( ,M>X & ,5GELS1 !Y W\LD HAVE ONLY TOO GOOD A REASON TO H>BOR D\BTS ON ! SUBJECT4 ,C]TA9LY1 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O1 Y\ CAN READ ?AT 0! COMMUNI/S DO NOT HAVE SEP>ATE 9T]E/S FROM ! RE/ ( ! PROLET>IAT0 & ?AT 0!Y CONSI/5TLY REPRES5T ! 9T]E/ ( ! :OLE MOVEM5T04 ,!IR 0!ORETICAL CONCEPTS01 SWE> ! AU?ORS ( ! ,MANIFE/O1 0>E NOT 9 ! LEA/ BAS$ ON ! IDEAS OR PR9CIPLES 9V5T$ OR DISCOV]$ BY SOME WORLD RE=M] OR O!R4 ,!Y >E ONLY ! G5]AL EXPRESSION ( ! EFFECTIVE CONDITIONS ( AN EXI/+ CLASS /RUGGLE1 ( A HI/ORIC MOVEM5T OP]AT+ BE=E \R EYES04 ,YES1 SURE1 & H]E ! AN>*I/S >E 9 AGREEM5T4 ,BUT ! S5T5CE ,I %ALL N[ QUOTE IS SOME:AT AMBIGU\S & AL>M+3 0,!ORETICALLY !Y 7! COMMUNI/S7 HAVE ! ADVANTAGE OV] ! RE/ ( ! PROLET>IAN MASS ( UND]/&+ CLE>LY ! CONDITIONS1 ! PROGRESS & ! ULTIMATE G5]AL RESULTS ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T40 

,?IS TR5*ANT AFFIRMATION C\LD WELL MEAN ?AT1 BECAUSE ( SU* AN 0ADVANTAGE01 ! COMMUNI/S RECKON TO HAVE A HI/ORIC RI<T TO APPROPRIATE ! LEAD]%IP ( !4 PROLET>IAT4 ,IF ?IS IS SO1 ! AN>*I/S W\LD NO LONG] APPROVE4 ,!Y DISAGREE ?AT !RE CAN BE AN AVANT-G>DE \TSIDE ( ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF & !Y BELIEVE ?AT !Y %\LD LIMIT !MSELVES TO PLAY+ ! 
ROLE1 AT ! SIDE OR 9 ! BOSOM ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ( DIS9T]E/$ ADVIS]S1 ( 0CATALY/S01 SO AS TO AID ! WORK]S 9 !IR [N EF=TS ) A VIEW TO REA*+ A MORE ELEVAT$ DEGREE ( CONSCI\SNESS4 

,?US WE >E BR\<T TO ! QUE/ION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SPONTANEITY ( ! MASSES1 A SPECIFICALLY LIB]T>IAN NOTION4 ,9 FACT WE V]Y (T5 F9D ! WORDS 0SPONTANE\S0 & 0SPONTANEITY0 FL[+ FROM ! P5 ( ,PR\DHON & ,BAKUN94 ,BUT NEV]1 :I* IS RA!R /RANGE1 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,M>X & ,5GELS1 AT LEA/ NOT 9 !IR ORIG9AL PIECES 9 ,G]MAN4 ,9 TRANSLATIONS1 ! WORDS 9 QUE/ION APPE> FROM TIME TO TIME1 BUT !Y >E 9EXACT APPROXIMATIONS4 ,9 REALITY1 ,M>X & ,5GELS REF] ONLY TO ! AUTO-ACTIVITY 7,SELB/TATIGKEIT7 ( ! MASSES1 A MORE RE/RA9$ NOTION ?AN SPONTANEITY4 ,= A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY MAY1 P>ELLEL TO ITS MORE IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES1 G+]LY ADMIT TO A C]TA9 DOSE ( MASS 0AUTO-ACTIVITY01 BUT SPONTANEITY IS ANO!R MATT] & RISKS COMPROMIS+ ! P>TY'S PRET5SIONS TO ! LEAD+ ROLE4 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG WAS ! FIR/ M>XI/ TO USE1 9 ,G]MAN1 ! WORD SPONTAN 7SPONTANE\S7 9 H] WRIT+S1 AFT] HAV+ BORR[$ IT FROM ! AN>*I/S1 & TO ACC5T ! PR$OM9ANT ROLE ( SPONTANEITY 9 ! MASS MOVEM5T4 ,ONE C\LD IMAG9E ?AT ! M>XI/S H>BOR A SECRET DI/RU/ ( A SOCIOLOGICAL PH5OM5ON :I* DOES NOT LEAVE SUFFICI5T ROOM = ! 9T]V5TION ( !IR SUPPOS$ LEAD]S4 

,!N ! AN>*I/S >E NONE TOO COM=TABLE :5 !Y OBS]VE1 FROM TIME TO TIME1 ?AT ! M>XI/S >E QUITE WILL+ TO USE TO !IR ADVANTAGE ! MEANS & >TIFICES ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,NOT ONLY DO !Y WILL+LY MAKE USE ( ! VOTE1 :I* !Y REG>D AS ONE ( ! BE/ WAYS ( TAK+ P[]1 BUT IT HAPP5S ?AT !Y DELI<T 9 CONCLUD+ SORDID ELECTORAL PACTS ) B\RGEOIS LIB]AL OR RADICAL P>TIES1 :5 !Y ?9K !Y WON'T SUCCE$ 9 W9N+ P>LIAM5T>Y SEATS )\T SU* ALLIANCES4 ,C]TA9LY AN>*I/S DO NOT HAVE1 AS PEOPLE >E TOO READY TO IMAG9E1 A METAPHYSICAL HORROR ( ! BALLOT BOX4 ,PR\DHON WAS ONCE ELECT$ TO ! #ahdh ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY2 ANO!R TIME HE SUPPORT$ ! C&IDATURE ( ,RASPAIL1 A PROGRESSIVE DOCTOR1 = ! PRESID5CY ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,H[EV]1 LAT] ON1 UND] ! ,SECOND ,EMPIRE1 HE DISSUAD$ ! WORK]S FROM PRES5T+ C&IDATES AT ! ELECTIONS4 ,BUT = HIM IT WAS A SIMPLE QUE/ION ( OPPORTUNITY3 HE DISAPPROV$ ( ANY OA? ( ALLEGIANCE TO ! IMP]IAL REGIME4 ,ON ONE OCCASION1 ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S AVOID$ TAK+ A RIGID POSITION AGA9/ P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,FR5TE ,POPUL> ELECTIONS 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c#f4 ,BUT AP>T FROM !SE R>E EXCEPTIONS1 ! AN>*I/S RECOMM5D QUITE DIFF]5T WAYS TO VANQUI% ! CAPITALI/ ADV]S>Y3 DIRECT ACTION1 UNION ACTION1 WORK]S' AUTONOMY1 G5]AL /RIKE4 

,N[ WE COME TO ! DILEMMA3 NATIONALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION OR WORK]S' CONTROL8 ,H]E AGA9 ,M>X & ,5GELS EVADE ! ISSUE4 ,9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O ( #a#h#d#h1 :I* WAS DIRECTLY 9SPIR$ BY ! ,FR5* ,/ATE SOCIALI/ ,L\IS ,BLANC1 !Y ANN\NC$ !IR 9T5TION ( 0C5TRALIZ+ ALL ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 9TO ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE04 ,BUT BY ! WORD ,/ATE !Y MEANT ! 0PROLET>IAT ORGANIZ$ 9TO A LEAD+ CLASS04 ,!N :Y ON E>? CALL ?AT K9D ( PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION A ,/ATE6 ,& :Y1 TOO1 DO !Y REP5T MU* LAT] ON & ADD1 9 ,JUNE #a#h#g#b1 A PREFACE TO A RE-$ITION ( ! ,MANIFE/O 9 :I* !Y REVISE !IR SUMM>Y /ATISM ( #a#h#d#h1 REF]R+ TO ! #ahga ,ADDRESS ON ! ,COMMUNE :]E ! PHRASE IS H5CE=W>D 0SELF GOV]NM5T ( ! PRODUC]S08 ,D\BTLESS !Y FELT ! NE$ TO MAKE ?IS CONCESSION TO ! AN>*I/ W+ ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,BUT IT MU/ BE PO9T$ \T ?AT ,M>X NEV] EXAM9$ 9 DETAIL ! WAYS 9 :I* WORK]S' CONTROL 
C\LD FUNCTION1 :]EAS ,PR\DHON DEVOT$ PAGES & PAGES TO IT4 ,! LATT]1 :O BEGAN LIFE AS A WORK]1 KNEW :AT HE WAS TALK+ AB\T2 HE HAD OBS]V$ ATT5TIVELY ! 0WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS0 BORN DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ! #ahdh REVOLUTION4 ,! REASONS = ,M>X'S ATTITUDE IS PROBABLY ?AT IT WAS 9SPIR$ BY DISDA9 & ?AT HE CONSID]$ ! QUE/ION TO BE 0UTOPIAN04 ,TODAY1 AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 ! FIR/ TO PUT WORK]S0 CONTROL BACK ON ! AG5DA1.<#a.> :5CE IT HAS BECOME SO TR5DY ?AT IT HAS S9CE BE5 CONFISCAT$1 REHABILITAT$1 ALT]$1 BY ANYONE & EV]YONE4 

#h 

,LET US RECALL N[ H[ AN>*I/S & M>XI/S1 S9CE !IR POLITICAL BIR?1 HAVE COME 9TO CONFLICT ) ONE ANO!R4 

,! FIR/ SKIRMI% WAS />T$ BY ,M>X-,5GELS AGA9/ ,MAX ,/IRN] 9 !IR SECOND-RATE BOOK3 ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY4.<#a#a.> ,IT RE/S ON A RECIPROCAL MISUND]/&+4 ,/IRN] DOES NOT UND]L9E CLE>LY 5\< ?AT BEYOND HIS EXALTATION ( ! ,EGO1 ( ! 9DIVIDUAL CONSID]$ AS A 0,UNIQUE01 HE ADVOCATES ! VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION ( ?AT 0,UNIQUE0 ) O!RS1 ?AT IS TO SAY A NEW TYPE ( SOCIETY F\ND$ ON F$]ATIVE FREE *OICE & ! RI<T ( SECESSION--AN IDEA TO BE TAK5 UP LAT] BY ,BAKUN9 & F9ALLY BY ,L59 HIMSELF :5 DISCUSS+ ! NATIONAL QUE/ION4 ,ON !IR SIDE1 ,M>X & ,5GELS MIS9T]PRET$ ,/IRN]'S DIATRIBES AGA9/ COMMUNISM1 :I* !Y ?\<T TO BE ( REACTION>Y 9SPIRATION1 :]EAS 9 REALITY ,/IRN] WAS 9VEI<+ AGA9/ A V]Y P>TICUL> V>IETY ( COMMUNISM1 ! 0CRUDE0 ,/ATE COMMUNISM ( ! ,UTOPIAN COMMUNI/S ( HIS TIME1 SU* AS ,WEITL+ 9 ,G]MANY & ,CABET 9 ,FRANCE1 = ,/IRN] E/IMAT$1 RI<TLY1 ?AT ?AT K9D ( COMMUNISM 5DANG]$ 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY4 

,NEXT1 AS ALREADY M5TION$1 OCCURR$ ,M>X'S FURI\S ASSAULT ON ,PR\DHON1 9 P>T = ! SAME REASONS1 :I* W]E !SE3 ,PR\DHON EXTOLL$ LIMIT$ P]SONAL PROP]TY 9 AS F> AS HE SAW 9 IT A MEASURE ( P]SONAL 9DEP5D5CE4 ,:AT ,M>X FAIL$ TO GRASP WAS ?AT = MAJOR 9DU/RY1 9 O!R WORDS = ! CAPITALI/ SECTOR1 ,PR\DHON CAME D[N FAIR & SQU>E ON ! SIDE ( COLLECTIVE [N]%IP4 ,DID HE NOT REM>K 9 HIS ,NOTEBOOKS ?AT 0SMALL SCALE 9DU/RY IS AS /UPID A ?+ AS SMALL SCALE CULTURE08 ,= L>GE MOD]N 9DU/RY1 HE IS RESOLUTELY COLLECTIVISM ,:AT HE CALLS ! WORK]S' COMPANIES W\LD PLAY1 9 HIS EYES1 A CONSID]ABLE ROLE1 ?AT ( MANAG+ ! BIG 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR1 SU* AS ! RAILWAYS1 ! L>GE MANUFACTUR+1 EXTRACT+1 METALLURGIC1 M>ITIME ETC41 PRODUCTION4 

,ON ! O!R H& ,PR\DHON1 AT ! 5D ( HIS LIFE1 9 ,! ,POLITICAL ,CAPACITY ( ! ,WORK+ ,CLASSES1 OPT$ = ! TOTAL SEP>ATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS FROM B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 ?AT IS1 = CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,:I* DIDN'T /OP ,M>X FROM HAV+ ! 9S9C]ITY TO CALL PR\DHONISM PETIT-B\RGEOIS SOCIALISM4 

,N[ WE COME TO ! VIOL5T & DESPICABLE QU>REL BETWE5 ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 9 ! BOSOM ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,H]E AGA9 !RE WAS TO SOME EXT5T A MISUND]/&+4 ,BAKUN9 ATTRIBUT$ HORRIBLE AU?ORIT>IAN DESIGNS TO ,M>X1 A ?IR/ TO DOM9ATE ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T1 :OSE TRAITS HE PROBABLY EXAGG]AT$ SOME:AT4 ,BUT MORE A/\ND+ IS ?AT 9 DO+ ?IS ,BAKUNUN %[$ HIMSELF ALL ! SAME TO BE A PROPHET4 ,HE HAD A V]Y CLE> VISION ( A DI/ANT FUTURE4 ,HE =ESAW A 0R$ BUREAUCRACY0 5T]+ ! SC5E1 AT ! SAME TIME FEEL+ A =EBOD+ ( ! TYRANNY :I* ONE DAY ! LEAD]S ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL W\LD EX]CISE 

OV] ! WORLD LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,M>X C\NT]ATTACK$ BY SL&]+ ,BAKUN9 9 ! VILE/ FA%ION & BY GETT+ ! ,LA ,HAYE ,CONGRESS 9 ,SEPT #ahgb TO VOTE TO EXCLUDE ! ,BAKUN9I/S4 

,H5CE=? ! L9KS W]E BROK5 BETWE5 AN>*ISM & M>XISM3 A DISA/R\S EV5T = ! WORK+ CLASS AS EA* ( ! TWO MOVEM5TS W\LD HAVE NE$$ ! !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL CONTRIBUTION ( ! O!R4 

,DUR+ ! #a#h#h'S AN ATTEMPT TO CREATE A SKELETAL AN>*I/ ,9T]NATIONAL F\ND]$4 ,!RE WAS NO LACK ( GOOD WILL1 BUT IT F\ND ITSELF MORE OR LESS COMPLETELY ISOLAT$ FROM ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,AT ! SAME TIME M>XISM WAS DEVELOP+ RAPIDLY 9 ,G]MANY ) ! GR[? ( SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY & 9 ,FRANCE ) ! F\ND+ ( ! ,LABOR P>TY ( ,JULES ,GUESDE4 

,LAT] ON1 ! V>I\S SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC P>TIES UNIT$ TO CREATE ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AT ITS SUCCESSIVE CONGRESSES1 !RE W]E LIVELY CONFRONTATIONS ) ! LIB]T>IANS :O HAD MANAG$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 !SE CONF]5CES4 ,9 ,ZURI*1 9 #a#h#i#c1 ! ,DUT* LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ ,DOMELA ,NIEUW5HUIS PICK$ HOLES 9 ,G]MAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY 9 T]MS AS MU* VIOL5T AS GL[+ & WAS GREET$ ) BOOS4 ,9 ,LONDON 9 #a#h#i#f1 ,M>X'S [N DAU<T] ,MRS ,AVEL+ & ! ,FR5* SOCIALI/ LEAD] ,JEAN ,JAURES 9SULT$ & FLUNG \T ! FEW AN>*I/S :O HAD MANAG$ TO P5ETRATE ! PREC9CTS ( ! CONGRESS 9 ! CAPACITY ( DELEGATES FROM V>I\S WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,TRUE1 ! AN>*I/ T]RORISM :I* RAG$ 9 ,FRANCE BETWE5 #ahi & #ahie HAD CONTRIBUT$ NOT A LITTLE TO ! HY/]ICAL REPUDIATION ( ! AN>*I/S1 REG>D$ FROM !N ON AS 0B&ITS04 ,!SE TIMID & LEGALI/IC RE=MI/S W]E 9CAPABLE ( UND]/&+ ! REVOLUTION>Y MOTIVES ( ! T]RORI/S1 !IR REC\RSE TO VIOL5CE AS A =M ( RES\ND+ PROTE/ AGA9/ AN ABHORR5T SOCIETY4 

,FROM #ahf TO #aiad ,G]MAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY & 7EV5 MORE SO7 ! HEAVY MA*9]Y ( ! ,G]MAN WORK]S' C\NCILS SPEW$ AN>*ISM \T3 EV5 ,KAUTSKY1 AT A TIME :5 HE DECL>$ HIMSELF 9 FAVOR ( MASS /RIKES1 WAS SUSPECT$ BY ! BUREAUCRATS ( BE+ AN 0AN>*I/04 ,9 ,FRANCE1 ! OPPOSITE TOOK PLACE4 ,JAURES'S ELECTORALI/ & P>LIAM5T>Y RE=MISM DISGU/$ ! PROGRESSIVE WORK]S SO MU* ?AT !Y TOOK P>T 9 ! F\ND+ ( A V]Y MILITANT REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION1 ! MEMORABLE ,C,G,T ( ! YE>S PRIOR TO #a#i#a#d4 ,ITS PIONE]S1 ,F]N& ,PELL\TI]1 ,EMILE ,P\GET & ,PI]RE ,MONATTE1 CAME FROM ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,! ,RUSSIAN1 &1 LAT] ON1 ,SPANI% REVOLUTIONS W]E ALL ?AT WAS NE$$ TO REALLY CREATE A GULF BETWE5 AN>*ISM & M>XISM1 A GULF :I* WAS TO BE NOT ONLY IDEOLOGICAL BUT ALSO P>TICUL>LY BLOODY4 

,TO T]M9ATE !SE CONSID]ATIONS ON ! PA/ HI/ORY ( RELATIONS BETWE5 AN>*ISM & M>XISM1 LET US ADD ?IS3 

,C]TA9 M>XOLOGI/S1 SU* AS ,MAXIMILIAN ,REUBEL 9 ,FRANCE1 >E TO SOME EXT5T 
T5D5TI\S :5 !Y PASS (F ,M>X AS A 0LIB]T>IAN02 

,SOME SECT>IAN & N>R[M9D$ AN>*I/S1 SU* AS ,GA/ON ,LEVAL 9 ,FRANCE1 >E TO AN 
EXT5T BL9D$ BY PASSION :5 !Y HATE ,M>X AS IF HE W]E ! DEVIL4 

#i 

,& N[ :AT ( ! PRES5T8 

,)\T A D\BT A R5AISSANCE ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM IS TAK+ PLACE TODAY1 ,I H>DLY NE$ TO REM9D Y\ ( H[ ! R5AISSANCE OCCURR$ 9 ,FRANCE 9 ,MAY #a#i#f#h4 ,IT WAS ! MO/ SPONTANE\S1 ! MO/ UNEXPECT$1 ! LEA/ PREP>$ ( UPRIS+S4 ,A /RONG W9D ( FRE$OM BLEW ACROSS \R C\NTRY1 SO DEVA/AT+ & AT ! SAME TIME SO CREATIVE ?AT NO?+ C\LD REMA9 EXACTLY ! SAME AS :AT HAD EXI/$ BE=E4 ,LIFE *ANG$1 OR IF Y\ LIKE1 WE *ANG$ LIFE4 ,BUT A SIMIL> R5AISSANCE ALSO TOOK PLACE 9 ! G5]AL CONTEXT ( A R5AISSANCE ( ! :OLE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 NOTABLY AMONG ! /UD5T POPULATION4 ,DUE TO ?IS1 !RE >E H>DLY ANY WAT]TI<T B>RI]S ANY LONG] BETWE5 ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5TS & ?OSE :O CLAIM TO BE 0M>XI/-L59I/S04 ,!RE EV5 IS A C]TA9 NONSECT>IAN P]MEABILITY BETWE5 !SE DIFF]5T MOVEM5TS4 ,Y\NG COMRADES 9 ,FRANCE PASS FROM 0AU?ORIT>IAN0 M>XI/ GR\PS TO LIB]T>IAN GR\PS & VICE V]SA4 ,5TIRE GR\PS ( MAOI/S SPLIT UP UND] ! LIB]T>IAN 9FLU5CE1 OR >E ATTRACT$ BY ! LIB]T>IAN CONTAGION4 ,EV5 ! SMALL TROTSKYI/ GR\PS >E DEVELOP+ C]TA9 ( !IR VIEWS & AB&ON+ SEV]AL ( !IR PREJUDICES UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( LIB]T>IAN WRIT+S & !ORIES4 ,PEOPLE LIKE ,JEAN-,PAUL ,S>TRE & HIS FRI5DS 9 !IR MON?LY REVIEW N[ EXP\ND AN>*I/ VIEWS & ONE ( !IR REC5T >TICLES WAS 5TITL$ 0,ADIEU TO ,L5904 ,( C\RSE !RE >E /ILL SOME AU?ORIT>IAN M>XI/ GR\PS :O >E P>TICUL>LY ANTI-AN>*I/1 JU/ AS Y\ CAN /ILL F9D AN>*I/ GR\PS :O REMA9 VIOL5TLY ANTI-M>XI/4 

,9 ,FRANCE ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,ORGANIZATION 7,O4,C4,L47.<#a#b.> F9DS ITSELF POSITION$ ON ! BORD]S ( AN>*ISM & M>XISM4 ,IT HAS 9 COMMON ) CLASSICAL AN>*ISM !IR AFFILIATION ) ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN CURR5T :I* DATES BACK TO ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,BUT IT ALSO HAS 9 COMMON ) ! M>XI/S ! FACT ?AT !Y BO? TAKE !IR /& RESOLUTELY ON ! FIELD ( PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE & ( ! FI<T TO OV]?R[ ! B\RGEOIS CAPITALI/ P[]1 ,ON ONE H&1 ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S 5DEAVOR$ TO REVIVE ALL ?AT HAD BE5 CON/RUCTIVE 9 ! AN>*I/ CONTRIBUTION TO ! PA/ 7,I MU/ M5TION 9 PASS+1 ?AT ?AT WAS MY AIM 9 PUBLI%+ ! PREC$+ BOOK1 ,AN>*ISM1 & ! AN>*I/ AN?OLOGY1 9 F\R POCKET VOLUMES1 UND] ! TITLE ,NEI!R ,GOD NOR ,MA/]4.<#a#c.> ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S DID NOT REJECT ?OSE ?+S 9 ! H]ITAGE ( ,M>X & ,5GELS :I* SEEM$ TO !M /ILL VALID & FRUITFUL1 &1 9 P>TICUL>1 RELEVANT TO ! NE$S ( ! PRES5T DAY4 

,AN EXAMPLE IS ! NOTION ( ALI5ATION CONTA9$ 9 ! Y\NG ,M>X'S #ahdd ,MANUSCRIPTS1 :I* FITS 9 WELL ) ! AN>*I/S' CONCEPT ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY4 ,SIMIL>LY ) ! AFFIRMATION ?AT ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT \<T TO BE ! WORK ( ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF & NOT ?AT ( SUB/ITUTES1 AN IDEA :I* IS F\ND AS MU* 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ MANIFE/O AS 9 ITS LAT] COMM5T>IES & 9 ! RESOLUTIONS ( ! CONGRESS ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! SAME APPLIES TO ! REVELATORY !ORY ( CAPITALISM :I* REMA9S EV5 TODAY ONE ( ! KEYS TO UND]/&+ ! WORK+S ( ! CAPITALI/ MA*9]Y4 ,SO1 TOO1 F9ALLY1 ) ! FAM\S ME?OD ( MAT]IALI/ & HI/ORICAL DIALECTIC :I* IS /ILL ONE ( ! ?READS CONNECT+ ! UND]/&+ ( PA/ & PRES5T EV5TS4 ,ONE NECESS>Y CONDITION H[EV]3 DO NOT APPLY ?IS ME?OD RIGIDLY1 ME*ANICALLY1 OR AS AN EXCUSE NOT TO FI<T UND] ! FALSE PRETEXT ?AT ! MAT]IAL BASES = A REVOLUTION >E ABS5T1 AS ! ,/AL9I/S MADE \T ?REE TIMES 9 ,FRANCE 9 #a#i#c#f1 #aide & #a#i#f#h4 ,BESIDES HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM %\LD NOT BE R$UC$ TO A SIMPLE DET]M9ISM2 ! DOOR MU/ /AY 
WIDE OP5 TO 9DIVIDUAL FREEWILL & ! REVOLUTION>Y SPONTANEITY ( ! MASSES4 

,AS ! LIB]T>IAN HI/ORIAN ,A ,E ,KAM9SKI WROTE 9 HIS EXCELL5T BOOK ON ,BAKUN91 A SYN!SIS ( AN>*ISM & M>XISM IS NOT ONLY NECESS>Y BUT 9EVITABLE4 0,HI/ORY10 HE ADDS1 0MAKES H] COMPROMISES H]SELF40 

,I %\LD LIKE TO ADD1 & ?IS WILL BE MY [N CONCLUSION1 ?AT A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM1 FRUIT ( SU* A SYN!SIS1 W\LD )\T A D\BT EXPRESS ! DEEPE/ WI%ES 7EV5 IF SOMETIMES NOT YET :OLLY CONSCI\S7 ( PROGRESSIVE WORK]S1 ( :AT IS N[ADAYS CALL$ 0! LABOR LEFT0 MU* BETT] ?AN DEG5]ATE AU?ORIT>IAN M>XISM OR ! DAT$ & FOSSILIZ$ OLD-/YLE AN>*ISM4 

.<#a.> ,5GELS1 0,M>X UND DIE ,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG01 ,SOZIALDEMOCRAT1 ,ZURI*1 #ac ,M>* #a#h#h#d1 
,W]KE1 ,DIETZ1 B4,X,X,I1 P4 #a#h4 

.<#b.> ,M>X WAS QUITE ATTA*$ TO HIS TITLE & FUNCTION4 ,AT ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL SESSION ( #a#a? ,MAY 
#ahfh HE SNAPP$ AT ! SECRET>Y1 HIS COMPATRIOT ,ECC>IUS1 = HAV+ OMITT$ HIS NAME AT ! BOTTOM ( AN ADDRESS ?AT ! HABITUAL SPOKESMAN ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL HAD COMPOS$4 ,HE WAS MO/ 9DIGNANT3 0,MR ,ECC>IUS MU/ NOT BE ALL[$ TO MAKE USE ( C\NCIL MEMB]S' NAMES AS HE PLEASES40 ,P]SONALLY1 HE WAS QUITE 9DIFF]5T1 HE SAID1 AS TO :E!R HIS NAME WAS M5TION$4 ,BUT 0! ,SECRET>Y = ,G]MANY IS AN 5TITY1 NOT A FICTION60 

.<#c.> ,CF4 MY BOOK3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SPONTANEITY1 ,FLAMM>ION1 '0,QUE/IONS ( 
,HI/ORY0 S]IES1 #a#i#g#a4 

.<#d.> ,CF4 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 ,LETT]S TO ,LEON ,JOGI*ES1 #b1 ,VOL41 ,D5OEL-,GON?I]1 #a#i#g#a4 

.<#e.> ,CF4 9 MY BOOK ,= ,LIB]T>IAN ,M>XISM1 ,ROB]T ,LAFFONT1 #a#i#f#i1 ! ESSAY 0,! ,DEJACOB9IS$ 
,REVOLUTION04 

.<#f.> ,IBID41 ! ESSAY 0,L59 OR SOCIALISM FROM ! TOP04 

.<#g.> ,CF4 9 MY BOOK ,! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & ,US1 ,MASP]O1 #a#i#g#f1 ! ESSAY 0,BEW>E ( ! NEW 
,V]SAILLES60 

.<#h.> ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! PIECE ON ! ,COMMUNE WAS REALLY AN ,ADDRESS TO ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL3 ,M>X1 
HOLD+ ! P51 HAD TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! V>I\S CURR5TS ( ?AT WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION :]E /ATI/ AU?ORIT>IANS RUBB$ %\LD]S ) LIB]T>IANS & W]E OBLIG$ TO MAKE !M CONCESSIONS1 DISCLAIM$ LAT] ON4 

.<#i.> ,CF4 MY BOOK ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE UND] ! ,FIR/ ,REPUBLIC1 REPR9T1 #b VOL41 ,GALLIM>D1 #a#i#f#h1 & 
! DIGE/ ,B\RGEOIS & %IRTSLEEVES1 ,GALLIM>D1 #a#i#g#c2 F9ALLY ,! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & ,US1 CIT$ ABOVE4 

.<#a.> ,! ESS5TIAL FRAMEWORK ( ! PREC$+ BOOK1 PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#f#e1 IS WORK]S' CONTROL1 ! 
DYNAMICS ( :I* W]E ACC5TUAT$ BY ! ,MAY '#f#h REVOLUTION4 

.<#a#a.> ,9 FACT ?IS VITUP]ATIVE ATTACK REMA9$ 9 MANUSCRIPT =M & W AS NOT PUBLI%$ UNTIL #aicb 
79 ,FR5* #a#i#c#g-#a#i#d#g71 BR++ 9TO CONFLICT ) ,/IRN] A NUMB] ( M>XI/S ( ?IS C5TURY1 
SU* AS ,PI]RE ,NAVILLE4 

.<#a#b.> #c#c1 RUE DES ,VIGNO LES1 #g #eb ,P>IS4 

.<#a#c.> ,PETITE ,COLLECTION ,MASP]O1 #d VOL41 #a#i#g4 

7,S\RCE3 ,FROM A PAP] GIV5 9 ,NEW ,YORK ON #f ,NOV4 #aigc ) AN 9TRODUCTION BY ! AU?OR = ! FIR/ ,5GLI% LANGUAGE $ITION1 #a#i#h#a4 ,FIR/ PUBLI%$ #aiha BY ,CI5FUEGOS ,PRESS47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigb 3 ,AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bba 3 ,AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/