,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/S @& ,! ,MASS ,ORGANIZATION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,F$]AZIONE ,DEI ,COMUNI/I ,AN>*ICI 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION 

  

,MASS ORGANIZATIONS DIFF] FROM AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS 9 ?AT !Y HAVE DIFF]5T BASES & PURPOSES4 ,!Y DO NOT HAVE ?AT CL>ITY REG>D+ ! F9AL GOAL ?AT ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION CAN HAVE1 ?\< !Y POT5TIALLY HAVE ! SAME GOAL AS ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,HI/ORY DEMON/RATES ?AT ?IS GOAL 7AN>*I/ COMMUNISM7 IS PRODUC$ BY A C]TA9 TYPE ( PRACTICE & CONSCI\SNESS )9 ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!SE FACTORS >E BAS$ ON ! TWO PR9CIPLES ( SOCIAL SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 /RUGGLE & 9 CON/RUCTION1 & ( ! EGALIT>IAN & 9TRANSIG5T DEF5SE ( ?OSE :O WORK = SOCIETY4 

,!SE >E BO? LOGICAL PR9CIPLES1 SO MU* SO ?AT !Y MAY SEEM AUTOMATIC2 BUT HI/ORY HAS %[N ?AT ! DOM9ANT CLASSES HAVE ALWAYS ACT$ 9 SU* A WAY AS TO R5D] ?IS LOGIC FRAGM5T>Y & EASY TO SUFFOCATE4 ,! UTMO/ POLITICAL CL>ITY IS !RE=E NECESS>Y & %\LD BE APPLI$ T[>DS ! REAL NE$S ( ! PROLET>IANS :O >E MEMB]S ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 HI/ORY HAS ALSO %[N ?AT ! REVOLUTION WILL NOT BE REALIZ$ UNLESS IT IS PUT 9TO ACTION BY ! PROLET>IAN MASSES !MSELVES :O1 AS PROLET>IANS1 DISCOV] !IR REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ?R\< ! PRACTICES ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS & :O DECIDE TO SET 9 MOTION REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICES4 

,9 CONSEQU5CE1 ! AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION WILL BE SUCCESSFUL 9ASMU* AS ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS APPLY ?AT REVOLUTION>Y LOGIC :I* IS NOT A NECESS>Y PR]OGATIVE ( !IRS1 BUT :I* IS AT ! SAME TIME NATURALLY 9BORN 9 !M4 

,NO ,TO ,ECONOMICISM 

  

,! FIR/ OB/ACLE TO BE REMOV$ >E ?OSE TYPES ( IDEAS & PRACTICES :I* S]VE TO R$UCE ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS A PRIORI TO A ROLE ( SIMPLY MAK+ DEM&S4 ,?IS OB/ACLE CAN TAKE ON ! =M ( 9T]-CLASSISM OR ,L59ISM4 

,9T]-CLASSISM IS ! BELIEF ?AT MASS ORGANIZATIONS RECOGNIZE ! ,/ATE AS BE+ UNBIAS$ & REPRES5T+ ! 5TIRE PEOPLE1 ! ESS5CE ( ! 7PURELY ECONOMIC7 CATEGORIES :I* DI/+UI% ONE CITIZ5 FROM ANO!R4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS EXI/ = ! ECONOMIC DEF5SE ( ANY CATEGORY ( CITIZ5S1 & !RE=E CAN P>TICIPATE 9 ! ECONOMIC PLANN+ ( SOCIETY BUT )\T QUE/ION+ ! ,/ATE OR ITS DECISIONS -- ! WORK]S & ! PROLET>IAT CAN ONLY DEF5D !MSELVES1 !Y CANNOT *ANGE ! CURR5T ECONOMIC SITUATION OR 5GAGE 9 POLITICAL PRACTICES :I* ALT] ! POLITICS ( ! ,/ATE4 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 ?IS TYPE ( UNION IS EXCLUD$ FROM ALL POLITICAL DECISIONS & !REBY IMPLIES ACCEPTANCE ( ! SY/EM4 ,! CLE>E/ EXAMPLES ( ?IS >E ! UNIONS :I* >E 9SPIR$ BY POLITICAL =CES CLOSE TO ! DOM9ANT CLASSES 9 C\NTRIES ) CLASSICAL CAPITALI/ SY/EMS4 

,L599I/-9SPIR$ POLITICAL !ORIES1 ON ! O!R H&1 CANNOT CONCEIVE ( ! EXI/5CE ( MASS ORGANIZATIONS :I* >E NOT EXPLICITLY POLITICAL -- !REBY SEEM+LY ! OPPOSITE ( 9T]-CLASSISM4 ,9 FACT1 NOT ONLY DO !SE !ORIES IMPOSE POLITICS ON ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 !Y IMPOSE ! POLITICS ( ! DOM9ANT CLASS OR ITS P>TY4 ,IT D]IVES ?AT ! MASSES CAN ONLY 5GAGE 9 POLITICAL ACTIVITY )9 ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION & ?AT ! MASS ORGANIZATION MU/ FOLL[ ?IS POLITICAL L9E4 ,?IS *>ACT]I/IC IS ALSO KN[N AS 0TRADE-UNIONISM04 

,BO? 9T]-CLASSISM & ,L59ISM CONV]GE ON ONE PO9T3 ! FATE ( ! MASS ORGANIZATION IS DECID$ &1 IF NECESS>Y1 IMPOS$ FROM )\T4 

,! RESULT IS ECONOMICISM3 ! =C+ ( ! HI/ORICAL 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT :I* IS ONLY ALL[$ TO OCCUPY ITSELF ) ECONOMIC MAT]S4 ,BUT S9CE IT IS PAT5TLY ABSURD = SOMEONE TO BE CONC]N$ ) ! MONEY !Y RECEIVE )\T ALSO BE+ CONC]N$ ) ! :Y'S & :]E=E'S ?AT MONEY EXI/S & H[ IT IS %>$ >\ND1 !RE EXI/S BEH9D ECONOMICISM AN EXPLICIT OR IMPLICIT POLITICAL IMPOSITION4 ,9 ITS TURN1 ?IS FACT MAKES A MOCK]Y ( ANY AUTONOMY 9 PURELY ECONOMIC 9T]E/S BY LIMIT+ IT POLITICALLY4 ,! CIRCLE IS CLOS$3 BY BE+ =CEFULLY SEP>AT$ FROM POLITICS1 ECONOMICS SIMPLY MEANS POLITICAL SUBS]VI5CE & RESULTS 9 ECONOMIC SUBS]VI5CE4 

,\R ,\TLOOK 

  

,! PROLET>IAT'S MASS ORGANIZATIONS >E1 & WILL CONT9UE TO BE1 IMPORTANT HI/ORICAL 5TITIES :I* CANNOT BE IGNOR$4 ,!Y >E DIFF]5T FROM POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS & WE MU/ NOT D5Y ?IS DIFF]5CE1 NOR RELEGATE !M TO ! ROLE ( SECOND-CLASS REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS & SEEK TO DOM9ATE !M4 ,NEI!R MU/ WE R$UCE \R [N ROLE TO SECOND-CLASS /ATUS & SUBMIT TO ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! RELATION%IP ?AT WE HAVE ) MASS ORGANIZATIONS MU/ BE ONE ( A CONT9U\S DIALECTIC1 REPRES5T+ A REAL 9T]*ANGE & NOT LIMIT$ TO A ONE-WAY FL[4 ,! FIR/ ESS5TIAL1 BUT NOT UNIQUE1 CONDITION = !RE TO BE A REAL 9T]*ANGE IS ?AT BO? 5TITIES BE TRULY AUTONOM\S4 

,:]E ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS >E CONC]N$1 ?IS MEANS ?AT !Y MU/ AUTONOM\SLY EXPRESS ! 9T]E/S & CONSCI\SNESS ( !IR 7PROLET>IAN7 MEMB]S4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 !Y MU/ BE BAS$ ON ! SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ?OSE :O NATURALLY BELONG TO !M4 ,9 ! PROCESS ( ! AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION1 IT IS ESS5TIAL ?AT ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS CAN GR[ BO? OP]ATIVELY & POLITICALLY 9 ORD] ?AT ! MASSES MAY HAVE ! GREATE/ POSSIBILITY ( EXPRESS+ ! /R5G? & CONSCI\SNESS :I* IS NECESS>Y = ! V]Y LIFE ( ! AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 ,! MASS ORGANIZATIONS WILL ALSO NE$ TO BE EV] MORE CAPABLE ( POLITICALLY EVALUAT+ !IR ACTIONS & ! PROSPECTS ?AT !SE OP5 UP4 ,IF !SE CONDITIONS >E MET1 WE WILL BE ABLE TO C>RY \T \R POLITICAL DUTIES ( PROMOT+ POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS )9 ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS & RECEIV+ 9 RETURN ITS CONFIRMATION OR O!RWISE4 ,!SE CONDITIONS >E NECESS>Y IF ! MASSES >E TO HAVE A *ANCE ( MAK+ ! MO/ ( ! EXP]I5CES ( PREVI\S REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CES1 ( PRODUC+ A MORE ADVANC$ REVOLUTION & ( REALIZ+ IT ) ALL AVAILABLE =CES4 ,?US F> !RE EM]GES ! FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEM ( ! D\BLE ASPECT ( MASS ORGANIZATIONS3 ON ! ONE H& !IR TOTAL AUTONOMY1 BO? 9 !IR EXP]I5CES ( ! /RUGGLE & 9 ! EVALUATIONS ( !SE1 :ILE ON ! O!R H&1 ! OBJECTIVE NE$ TO EVALUATE EV]Y?+ 9 ! LI<T ( ! HI/ORICAL NE$S ( ! MASSES4 ,NEI!R ( !SE TWO ASPECTS ( ! QUE/ION CAN BE IGNOR$4 

,MI/AKES TO BE ,AVOID$ 

  

,MANY COMRADES & ORGANIZATIONS HAVE 9 ! PA/ COMMITT$ & CONT9UE TO COMMIT ]RORS :]E MASS ORGANIZATIONS >E CONC]N$1 EV5 ?\< !Y MAY BE S9C]ELY LIB]T>IAN & REVOLUTION>Y 9 !IR \TLOOK4 ,WE CAN DIVIDE !SE ]RORS 9TO TWO BASIC TYPES3 ! FIR/1 0SPONTANEISM01 ! SECOND 0IDEOLOGISM04 ,! =M] 9CLUDES ?OSE IDEAS :]E ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS HAVE AN AUTOMATIC ABILITY TO COMPLETELY SU/A9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 ,! BASIS ( ?IS IDEA IS ?AT ! V]Y CAPITALI/ CONTRADICTIONS ( ANY GIV5 P]IOD CAN SP>K (F A PROCESS ( /RUGGLE :I* WILL BE ABLE TO CREATE = ITSELF ! V]Y POLITICAL BASES UPON :I* A SOCIAL REVOLUTION CAN BE BUILT4 ,IT IS LIKE SAY+ ?AT TO >RIVE AT ! REVOLUTION1 IT IS SUFFICI5T TO MAKE ! PROLET>IAT'S /RUGGLE = ! DEF5SE ( ITS LABOR RI<TS AS EXTREME AS POSSIBLE4 ,AN ACTION AGA9/ ONE EMPLOY] IS NOT ! SAME ?+ AS AN ORGANIC1 COMPREH5SIVE PROGRAM AGA9/ ! BOSSES4 ,A PROLET>IAN :O DEF5DS HIMSELF1 ATTACKS1 OR :OSE ANG] IS R$IRECT$ AGA9/ HIS EXPLOIT] 9 A S+LE ACTION1 IS NOT NECESS>ILY CONSCI\S ?AT ?IS ACTION NE$S TO BE P>T ( AN ORGANIC1 COMPREH5SIVE PROGRAM ( ACTION4 ,AN ACTION IS NOT NECESS>ILY BAS$ ON A PROGRAM1 NOR DOES IT NECESS>ILY PRODUCE A PROGRAM4 

,NEI!R IS A PROGRAM ( UNION /RUGGLE NECESS>ILY A REVOLUTION>Y LIB]T>IAN PROGRAM4 ,9 FACT1 IT IS MO/ UNLIKELY ?AT A S]IES ( ORGANIZ$ UNION ACTIONS CORRESPONDS TO A CONSCI\S PROGRAM DESIGN$ TO 9ITIATE ! LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION4 ,HI/ORY HAS CLE>LY DEMON/RAT$ !SE PO9TS & ANYONE :O ?\<T ?AT UNIONS HAVE NATURALLY AN>*I/ & REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES HAS BE5 SORELY DELUD$4 

,HI/ORICALLY SPEAK+1 EV5 ! CONT9UAL PREA*+ ( DIRECT ACTION & SELF-MANAGEM5T )9 ! UNIONS HAS FAIL$ 9 ITS REVOLUTION>Y AIMS :51 R$UC$ TO PURE SYNDICAL ME?OD & HAV+ LO/ ITS ALT]NATIVE1 LIB]T>IAN CONT5T1 IT HAS COME UP AGA9/ PROPOSALS = /RUGGLE :I* W]E SUPPORT$ BY ORGANIC POLITICAL PROGRAMS1 OR :5 IT HAS COME UP AGA9/ ! PURE & SIMPLE FACT ?AT ! DOM9ANT CLASSES W]E ABLE TO TAKE OV] :AT W]E BY !N EMPTY ME?ODOLOGIES :I* W]E (T5 R$UC$ TO PURE EXTREMISM4 ,?IS COLLAPSE HAS S9CE DRAGG$ LIB]T>IAN ME?ODS ALONG ) IT1 ME?ODS :I* HAVE (T5 SEEM$ WOND]FUL1 BUT :I* DID NOT HAVE A PRACTICAL HI/ORICAL L9K OR G5]AL PROSPECTS4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 !RE IS ! SECOND TYPE ( ]ROR :I* IS 9 EFFECT ! OPPOSITE ( ! FIR/ & :I* /ATES ?AT ONLY AN>*I/S CAN FI<T AS REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IANS & ?AT !RE=E ! ONLY CORRECT =M ( UNION IS ONE :I* IS MADE UP ( PEOPLE :O >E FULLY CONSCI\S ( ! LIB]T>IAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,?IS CONCEPTION G5]ATES ISOLATIONI/ POSITIONS & /]ILE VANGU>DISM4 ,! ISOLATION D]IVES FROM ! PURE & SIMPLE FACT ?AT IT HAS NEV] BE5 ! CASE ?AT ! PROLET>IAT HAS FIR/ BECOME COMMUNI/ AN>*I/ BE=E IT CAN MOVE AGA9/ CAPITAL & WEAK5 IT1 ATTACK IT & 7AT TIMES7 PROPOSE A LIB]T>IAN ALT]NATIVE4 ,TO WAIT = ?IS SITUATION1 !RE=E1 MEANS CONDEMN+ ONESELF TO ISOLATION4 ,CLE>LY1 9 ?IS WAY !RE IS A GREAT RISK ( BECOM+ VANGU>DI/3 ! LOGICAL REACTION ( ?OSE :O HAVE ISOLAT$ !MSELVES FROM ! MASSES1 EXPECT+ TO MODEL !M 9 !IR IMAGE4 ,IT IS NOT BY *ANCE ?AT 0SPONTANEISM0 & 0IDEOLOGISM01 ?\< DECL>+ AN 5ORM\S 9T]E/ 9 MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 BO? 5D UP CRU%+ ! LIFE \T ( !SE V]Y SAME MASS ORGANIZATIONS BY =C+ !M 9TO ROLES :I* >E IMPOS$ ON !M FROM )\T4 ,SPONTANEISM HOLDS ?AT ALL MANIFE/ATIONS & EV5TS :I* >E FUNDAM5TAL = ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS 7IE4 :I* >E NATURALLY CONNECT$ TO ! PROBLEM ( REVOLUTION7 >E REVOLUTION>Y 9 !MSELVES4 ,IDEOLOGISM ON ! O!R H& EXPECTS !SE MANIFE/ATIONS & EV5TS TO PROCLAIM !MSELVES REVOLUTION>Y EV5 BE=E ! NE$ = !M IS AUTONOM\SLY E/ABLI%$1 GRADUALLY & ?R\< PRACTICE4 ,SPONTANEISM /OPS ! PROBLEM ( ! CONSOLIDATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS FROM BE+ CONFRONT$ 9 A S]I\S WAY4 ,IDEOLOGISM /OPS ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS FROM C>RY+ \T ! WORK ( UNIT+ ! PROLET>IAT AS EXPLOIT$1 & ( !IR GRADUAL GR[? ?R\< /RUGGLE1 SOME?+ :I* IS NECESS>Y = ! TRANSITION TO AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 

,T[>DS A ,BETT] ,UND]/&+ 

  

,! MASS ORGANIZATIONS' BASIC HI/ORICAL NE$ = A LIB]T>IAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION CANNOT BE D5I$4 ,NEI!R CAN ! RISKS CONNECT$ ) MASS /RUGGLE BE D5I$4 ,! CONDITION ?AT MASS ORGANIZATIONS BE AUTONOM\S GU>ANTEES ! POSSIBILITY ?AT IT WILL BE ! MASSES !MSELVES1 & ONLY !Y1 :O C>RY \T ! AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION4 ,H[EV]1 IT DOES MAKE IT POSSIBLE = ! REVOLUTION TO SUFF] S]I\S DEFEATS4 

,?IS SITUATION IS NOT HOPELESS3 ITS /R5G? IS ITS WEAKNESS4 ,!RE HAS BE5 RI* DEBATE ON ! MATT] )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T -- DEBATE :I* HAS (T5 VIOL5T BUT HAS ABOVE ALL BE5 OP54 ,! SOLUTION1 9 FACT1 CANNOT BE F\ND ONLY OR ABOVE ALL BY ! MOVEM5T ( POLITICAL MILITANTS4 ,WE MU/ BE P]FECTLY AW>E ( ?IS4 ,EV]Y TIME ! NE$ = A MASS LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION HAS BE5 ASC]TA9$1 AN ORGANIZATION :I* CAN GIVE BIR? TO A PRACTICAL REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS \T ( EXPLOITATION & ( ! EXPLOIT$1 ! FACT ?AT SYNDICALISM IS NOT NECESS>ILY REVOLUTION>Y WAS DEMON/RAT$ TIME & TIME AGA94 ,MANY COMRADES HAVE TRI$ TO DEMON/RATE ?AT UNIONS >E 9 !MSELVES RE=MI/ OR REVOLUTION>Y4 

,A GREAT MANY COMRADES BELIEVE ?AT ! CORRECT SOLUTION LIES 9 ONE OR O!R ( !SE TWO !ORETICAL CONCLUSIONS4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT IT IS BASICALLY WRONG TO ACCEPT ?IS L9E ( ?9K+ -- TO MAKE RIGID CATEGORIES \T ( RISKS1 POSSIBILITIES & POSSIBLE T5D5CIES4 ,IT IS A RECIPE = LOS+ ONE'S WAY1 = FALL+ BACK ON SPONTANEISM OR IDEOLOGISM4 ,WE TRY TO BE LUCID1 TO BE ABLE TO ACCEPT COMPLEX1 NON-CATEGORICAL FACTS = :AT !Y >E4 ,WE TRY1 9 O!R WORDS1 TO BASE \RSELVES ON C]TA9TIES & IT IS ON !SE C]TA9TIES ?AT WE MU/ BUILD1 9S(> AS IT IS UP TO US4 ,WE MU/ BE READY TO ACCEPT NEW1 MORE ADVANC$ NOTIONS4 

,! ,C]TA9TIES ,WE ,MU/ ,BUILD ,ON 

  

,CONTR>Y TO POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 MASS ORGANIZATIONS >E NOT BAS$ ON AN ACQUIR$ CONSCI\SNESS NOR DO !Y EXPLICITLY SEEK TO PROMOTE CONSCI\SNESS4 ,!Y >E BAS$ ON IMM$IATE & OBJECTIVE MAT]IAL BASES :I* >\SE UND5IABLE PHYSICAL NE$S4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! MEMB]S ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS LIVE ?R\< ! SITUATION !Y ORGANIZE !MSELVES =4 ,!IR ECONOMIC ROLE IS ! BASIS ON :I* !Y CAN COME TOGE!R &1 GIV5 ?AT EXPLOITATION GIVES RISE TO ALL MANN] ( UNSATISFI$ NE$S 7ALI5ATION71 !Y COME TOGE!R TO SATISFY !SE NE$S AS BE/ !Y CAN4 ,?IS BASIS IS ! />T+ PO9T1 IT IS ! BASIS ( ! CLASS AUTONOMY ( MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,BUT 9 ORD] TO ?RIVE1 ?IS AUTONOMY MU/ BE PROJECT$ 9TO ACTION & 9TO ! REAL POSSIBILITIES ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,IF WE WI%1 WE CAN DIVIDE !SE 9TO TWO >EAS3 ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE & POLITICAL GR[?4 

,! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE CONC]NS ALL ACTIONS DESIGN$ TO OBTA9 BETT] MAT]IAL CONDITIONS = ! WORK]S & TO MANAGE ! ECONOMIC APP>ATUS AFT] ! DE/RUCTION ( C5TRAL P[]4 ,POLITICAL GR[? IS REQUIR$ TO MAKE ! WORK]S CONSCI\S ?R\< ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE1 ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! POSSIBILITIES & NE$S ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & LAT] TO ALL[ !M TO CONSCI\SLY BUILD ! NEW SOCIETY4 

,CLE>LY1 ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE & POLITICAL GR[? >E SO CLOSELY CONNECT$ ?AT1 FOLL[+ ! FIR/ ACTIONS ( ECONOMIC DEF5SE :I* >E BORN FROM ! NE$S ( ! CURR5T SITUATION UNIT$ ) EV5 A M9IMUM WILL TO DEF5D ONESELF1 !Y CAN SUPPORT & SU/A9 EA* O!R RECIPROCALLY4 ,AUTONOMY PLAYS A FUNDAM5TAL ROLE1 S9CE ! WORK]S MU/ BE ABLE TO DEVELOP A CLE> VISION ( H[ BASIC EXPLOITATION IS TO SOCIAL DOM9ATION & MU/ BE ABLE TO DEVELOP FREELY ! NE$ = EQUALITY & RADICAL *ANGE :I* WILL APPE> AS ! ONLY DEF9ITIVE SOLUTION TO EXPLOITATION4 ,!RE IS NO PO9T 9 ! EXPLOIT$ COM+ TOGE!R IF !RE IS NO POSSIBILITY ( FULLY DEVELOP+ ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ EXPLOITATION -- A /RUGGLE TO ELIM9ATE EXPLOITATIONAL SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,! DOM9ANT CLASSES MAY ACCEPT ?IS COM+ TOGE!R = ! DEF5SE ( LABOR RI<TS1 BUT !Y WILL NOT ACCEPT ?IS /RUGGLE DEVELOP+ TO ! PO9T ?AT IT ELIM9ATES ! V]Y NE$ = ?IS DEF5SE4 

,AUTONOMY IS AT ! SAME TIME ME?OD & CONT5T4 ,ME?OD BECAUSE IT CAN G5]ATE AUTONOM\S CLASS CONT5T -- CONT5T BECAUSE IT IS ! CON/ANT PRODUCT ( ! ELABORATIONS MADE BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT AUTONOMY AS A BASIS IS NECESS>Y = ! REVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 = ! ABOLITION ( EXPLOITATION & ! CON/RUCTION ( EGALIT>IAN SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,MANY COMRADES & ORGANIZATIONS HAVE TRI$ TO DEF9E ! AUTONOMY ( MASS ORGANIZATIONS 9 T]MS ( PURE ME?OD OR PURE CONT5T4 ,9 SO DO+1 :]E ! =M] IS CONC]N$1 ?IS CANNOT EXPLA9 ! REASON :Y ! ME?ODS ( AUTONOMY >E NECESS>Y & FUNDAM5TAL = ! REVOLUTION 9 ! MASS /RUGGLE1 & ?OSE :O =GET ?IS (T5 R$UCE ?IS CONCEPT TO ! LEVEL ( PURE EXTREMISM4 ,9 ! SECOND CASE1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! PROBLEM ( CONSI/5CY BETWE5 MEANS & 5DS IS IGNOR$ & WE 5D UP ) ! 9/RUM5TALIZATION ( MASS /RUGGLE BY AU?ORIT>IAN PROGRAMS1 !REBY /OPP+ ! AUTONOM\S ACTIONS ( ! WORK]S FROM BUILD+ ! AUTONOM\S PROGRAM ( ! WORK]S4 ,& ?IS IS ! PR9CIPAL AIM1 FROM AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ PO9T ( VIEW4 ,AUTONOMY IS NOT A CONT5T :I* IS L9K$ TO C]TA9 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES1 IT IS ! HI/ORICAL SIGNIFICANCE ( ! WORK]S' REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! AUTONOMY ( MASS ORGANIZATIONS IS ?AT ! MASSES CAN LE>N TO BUILD A REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM ONLY IF !Y HAVE COMPLETE FRE$OM TO PUT ! OBJECTIVES ( /RUGGLE 9TO ACTION1 TO *OOSE & EVALUATE !M = !MSELVES & )\T IMPOSITION FROM \TSIDE =CES4 ,9 A SY/EM ( SOCIAL DOM9ATION1 ?IS FRE$OM MEANS ?AT ! ONLY OB/ACLES TO ! MASSES' ACTION MU/ APPE> & BE AFFRONT$ BY ! MASSES !MSELVES AS CONFLICTUAL FACTORS1 AS >MS ( ! CLASS 5EMY1 AS PRODUCTS ( CLASS SOCIETY4 ,IT IS EXTREMELY DANG]\S = ! IDEA TO TAKE ROOT ?AT !RE IS SOMEONE :O KN[S MORE ?AN ! O!RS1 :O CAN =CE ! /RUGGLE TO BE AB&ON$ OR BE GUID$ 9 A C]TA9 WAY1 GIV+ REASONS :I* ! L>GE MAJORITY ( ! MASSES CANNOT UND]/&4 ,?IS PA? 9TRODUCES ! SUPREMACY ( 0OBJECTIVE0 COMPATIBILITY :I* NE$S TO BE RESPECT$1 NOT BECAUSE !RE IS NOT ! REQUIR$ WILL OR CL>ITY TO DE/ROY IT1 BUT = AB/RUSE & CONTORT$ REASONS4 ,IT MU/ ALWAYS BE CLE> ?AT ! ROAD TO SOCIAL EMANCIPATION IS SCATT]$ ) OB/ACLES & NOT SOPHISMS1 & ?AT WE EI!R REMOVE !SE OB/ACLES OR !Y WILL /OP US4 

,ALONG ?IS PA? ( AUTONOMY1 AUTONOM\S PROGRAMS CAN BE BORN4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 MASS ORGANIZATIONS MU/ HAVE ! CAPACITY TO =M !IR [N OBJECTIVES & ! NECESS>Y ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE BY BAS+ !MSELVES ON NE$S & ON ! CONSCI\SNESS ( !IR NATURAL MEMB]S4 ,FUR!RMORE1 !Y NE$ TO BE ABLE TO EVALUATE ANY ACTION BY BAS+ !MSELVES ON ! SAME CRIT]IA4 

,HI/ORICALLY SPEAK+1 :5 ! PR9CIPAL IDEAS ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM W]E =M$1 IT WAS BECAUSE !RE W]E MASS ORGANIZATIONS ) !SE POSSIBILITIES ( ACTION4 ,ACTION :I*1 9 TURN1 CAN MAKE ! PROLET>IAT CONSCI\S ( BE+ ! ONLY CLASS :I* CAN C>RY )9 IT ! SE$S ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,AUTONOMY IS !RE=E A FACTOR 9 ! FRE$OM ( ! MASSES &1 AS SU*1 DOES NOT PROVIDE ! NECESS>Y GU>ANTEE ?AT IT WILL REMA9 SO OR ?AT IT WILL LEAD TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,FRE$OM KN[S NO EXT]NAL IMPOSITIONS4 ,! EX]CISE ( AUTONOMY 9 MASS ORGANIZATIONS HAS NO 9FALLIBLE EXT]NAL GU>DIANS4 ,!RE=E1 9 ! SAME MEASURE 9 :I* AUTONOMY CAN OP5 UP ! ROAD TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 IT FREES ITSELF ( ANY 9ESCAPABLE REVOLUTION>Y FATE4 ,= AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S !RE CAN BE NO ALT]NATIVE TO ?IS4 ,JU/ AS ! RE=MI/S MU/ NOT IMPOSE B\RGEOIS COMPATIBILITIES ON ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 NEI!R MU/ REVOLUTION>IES WI% TO OR BE ABLE TO IMPOSE !IR REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAMS4 ,BUT WE HAVE AN ADVANTAGE OV] ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES3 ! DEVELOPM5T & EX]CISE ( ! AUTONOMY ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS HAS ALWAYS %[N ITSELF TO BE A =MIDABLE REVOLUTION>Y FACTOR4 ,WE DO NOT FE> IT1 WE SUPPORT IT4 

,! ,FUNCTIONS ( ,MASS ,ORGANIZATIONS 

  

,WE AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S CONSID] MASS ORGANIZATIONS ON A MU* WID] & MORE COMPLEX LEVEL ?AN ! =CES ( 9T]-CLASSISM & SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,WE ACCEPT F\R FUNDAM5TAL HI/ORICAL FUNCTIONS = MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 BAS$ ON AUTONOMY3  

DEF5SE & SU/5ANCE )9 CLASS SOCIETY2  

MAT]IAL ATTACKS AGA9/ EXPLOITATION2  

! BUILD+ ( AN ALT]NATIVE MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY2  

! DEVELOPM5T ( LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS4  
  
,DEF5SE & ,SU/5ANCE ,)9 ,CLASS ,SOCIETY 

  

,! =EMO/ NE$ ( ! EXPLOIT$ IS TO DEF5D !MSELVES FROM ! EXPLOITATION :I* PROGRESSIVELY EATS AWAY !IR LIV+ SPACES & TRIES TO TIE !M TI<T] & 9 EV] MORE REF9$ WAYS TO ! ECONOMIC NE$S ( ! DOM9AT+ CLASS4 ,! CORRECT DEVELOPM5T ( ! MASS ORGANIZATION IS BAS$ ON ?IS FIR/ FUNCTION ( LABOR DEF5SE4 ,FROM A /RICTLY ECONOMIC PO9T ( VIEW1 IT IS A MATT] ( BLOCK+ & REFUT+ ! MAT]IAL >MS :I* ! DOM9ANT CLASS USES AGA9/ ! WORK]S4 ,! BASIS ON :I* ONE OR MORE EXPLOIT$ WORK]S SET \T ON ! ROAD TO SOCIAL /RUGGLE CAN ONLY BE ! DEF5SE ( ! GR[+ ALI5ATION CAUS$ BY EXPLOITATION4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 AS LONG AS ONE CLASS HOLDS P[]1 ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS MU/ BE 9 A POSITION TO SUCCESSFULLY DEF5D LABOR 9 ORD] TO 5SURE ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS IS NOT B[$ BY A MAT]IAL ATTACK AT ! MOM5T 9 :I* ! CLASS /RUGGLE BECOMES MORE POLITICAL4 ,WE CAN TRULY SAY !N1 ?AT )9 CLASS SOCIETY LABOR DEF5SE IS ! BASIS ON :I* ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS >E F\ND$4 ,IT IS AT ?IS /AGE ?AT ! NE$ = AUTONOMY IS MO/ CLE>LY SE54 

,9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO DECIDE FROM :AT & H[ WE %\LD DEF5D \RSELVES1 IT IS ESS5TIAL TO3  

BE SUBJECT TO ! V]Y ?+S WE >E DEF5D+ \RSELVES FROM1  

BE AW>E ( & UND]/& ! WAYS 9 :I* !SE ?+S CREATE ALI5ATION1  

*OOSE ALONG ! WAY ! MO/ IMPORTANT L9ES ( DEF5SE1  

KN[ DIRECTLY :AT ABSOLUTELY MU/ BE OBTA9$ & :AT CAN BE R5\NC$1  

REALLY KN[ \R 5EMY1 HIS WEAPONS1 HIS /R5G? & HIS WEAKNESSES1 &  

KN[ \R [N /R5G? & BE WILL+ TO USE IT4  
  

,!SE REQUISITES >E ONLY HELD BY MEMB]S ( ! EXPLOIT$ CLASS4 ,!Y >E ! ONLY ONES :O CAN DEVELOP !M & USE !M CORRECTLY4 ,NOBODY CAN KN[ :AT ALI5ATION IS UNLESS !Y EXP]I5CE IT4 ,M]ELY KN[+ AB\T ALI5ATION FROM A DI/ANCE MEANS NO?+4 ,ALI5ATION CANNOT EXI/ IF ! P]SON DOES NOT HAVE TO LIVE ) IT & REACT TO IT 7EI!R POSITIVELY OR NEGATIVELY1 M5TALLY OR PHYSICALLY7 & !RE=E CONTRIBUTE TO ITS DET]M9ATION4 

,?OSE :O ONLY P]CEIVE ! SOCIAL ALI5ATION ( ! EXPLOIT$ CLASS CAN ONLY HAVE AN ATTITUDE ( SOLID>ITY T[>DS !M 7MU* AS IT MAY BE USEFUL & S9C]E71 BUT CAN NEV] SUB/ITUTE !MSELVES = ! PROLET>IAT 9 !IR ALI5ATION1 NOR DECIDE H[ BE/ TO DEF5D ONESELF FROM IT4 

,EV5 :5 ! /RUGGLE BECOMES POLITICAL1 !RE IS NO ME*ANISM BY :I* ALI5ATION CAN BE FELT BY NON-WORK]S -- ! /RUGGLE IS POLITICIZ$ ONLY BY REASON ( ! QUALITY ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALI5ATION4 ,!RE=E1 ALI5ATION IS ! CONC]N ( ! EXPLOIT$ CLASS ALONE & !Y >E ! ONLY ONES :O CAN REACT TO IT4 ,?IS IS ALSO DEMON/RAT$ BY ! FACTS4 ,= ?IS REASON1 WE DO NOT ACT BECAUSE !RE IS ! OPPORTUNITY TO DO SO1 BECAUSE IT IS BETT] = ! WORK]S TO DEF5D !MSELVES FROM EXPLOITATION1 BECAUSE ?IS POSITION ALSO 9CLUDES ! POSSIBILITY ?AT IT IS ! WORK]S :O /RUGGLE & :O DECIDE4 ,\R ANALYSIS =CES US TO SAY ?AT ! EXPLOIT$ >E ! ONLY ONES :O CAN FI<T AGA9/ EXPLOITATION4 ,WE MU/ ALSO D$UCE ?AT ! EXPLOIT$ CLASS IS UNIQUE4 ,EI!R Y\ >E EXPLOIT$ OR Y\ >E NOT4 ,ANYONE :O IS NOT EXPLOIT$ CAN ONLY EXPRESS SOLID>ITY4 

,MAT]IAL ,ATTACKS ,AGA9/ ,EXPLOITATION 

  

,! MAT]IAL ATTACK ON EXPLOITATION FALLS FIR/ & =EMO/ ON ! ANALYSIS MADE 9 ! PREVI\S SECTION4 ,C]TA9 IMPORTANT CONSID]ATIONS !N NE$ TO BE MADE4 ,= AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S ! ONLY PROCESS ?R\< :I* ! PROLET>IAT WEAK5S & DE/ROYS ! ME*ANISMS ( CLASS SOCIETY TAKES PLACE 9 ! PLACES :]E ! EXPLOIT+ IS DONE4 ,! ACTIONS :I* CAN BLUNT ! WEAPONS ( EXPLOITATION & ! /RUCTURE :I* SUPPORTS IT CAN ONLY TAKE PLACE ON ! T]RA9 ( ALI5ATION CAUS$ BY WORK & ! CREATION ( SURPLUS VALUE4 ,! ONLY ORGANIZATIONS :I* CAN BR+ AB\T ?IS ATTACK >E ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,& !RE IS ALSO ANO!R FACTOR :I* GIVES CONSI/5CY TO :AT HAS BE5 SAID ?US F>3 IF ! ATTACK ON EXPLOITATION IS C>RI$ \T BY ! EXPLOIT$ CLASS ITSELF1 ?IS PROVIDES A /RONG GU>ANTEE ( A P>ALLEL GR[? 9 !IR CONSCI\SNESS GIV5 ?AT ONCE !Y HAVE UND]/OOD ! NE$ TO ATTACK1 !Y WILL HAVE A SOLID BASE ON :I* TO DEVELOP A NEW LEVEL ( REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS4 

,! ,BUILD+ ( AN ,ALT]NATIVE ,MANAGEM5T ( ,SOCIETY 

  

,MASS ORGANIZATIONS MU/ BE ABLE TO BUILD ! NEW /RUCTURES = ! REVOLUTION>Y MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY4 ,PR9CIPALLY1 ?IS MEANS ?REE ?+S3  

! NE$ = A CAPILL>Y EXT5SION ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS1  

! NE$ = !SE ORGANIZATIONS TO BE ABLE TO GRADUALLY ACQUIRE ! PROSPECTS & POSSIBILITY ( TAK+ OV] ! CONTROL & MANAGEM5T ( ALL SOCIAL /RUCTURES  

9 ORD] = ! PROLET>IAT TO TAKE ON ! RESPONSIBILITY = ! MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY BY DIRECT DEMOCRATIC MEANS4  
  

,MANAGEM5T BAS$ ON ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS IS NOT ! PIPE DREAM ( ONE M9D1 BUT A PRACTICAL 9DICATION ( GREAT PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>Y EPISODES4 

,:AT WAS SAID ABOVE REG>D+ LABOR DEF5SE & ATTACK HAS ! PRECISE AIM ( MAK+ IT POSSIBLE = ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS TO TRANS=M !MSELVES FROM UNION ORGANIZATIONS DEVOT$ TO ! LABOR /RUGGLE 9TO ORGANIZATIONS :I* CAN BE ! FOCUS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 ,?IS CONNECTION DEMON/RATES1 ONCE AGA91 ! FACT ?AT WE >E NOT DRIV5 BY OPPORTUNI/IC MOTIVES :5 WE /ATE ?AT ! LABOR /RUGGLE MU/ BE BAS$ ON DIRECT ACTION & DIRECT DECISION-MAK+ PROCESSES4 ,?IS ME?OD ( /RUGGLE -- :I* IS NECESS>Y 9 ITS [N RI<T -- ALSO BECOMES AN 5D & ALT]NATIVE CONT5T AT ! MOM5T 9 :I* ! PROLET>IAT BEG9S TO USE ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS TO BUILD ! NEW SOCIETY & MAKE IT POSSIBLE = ALL WORK]S TO P>TICIPATE 9 DECISION MAK+4 ,?IS PROSPECT1 H[EV]1 CREATES SOME BIG PROBLEMS 9 ! FIELD ( PRACTICAL REALIZATION4 ,A GU>ANTEE ( ! POSSIBILITY = AUTONOM\S POLITICAL GR[? IS JO9$ BY ! NE$ = POLITICAL GR[?4 ,IF WE GO TO ! HE>T ( ! QUE/ION1 WE WILL DISCOV] H[EV] ?AT IT IS NOT 5\< TO CONT9UE ) ! LOGIC ( /RUGGLE ?R\< A LABOR UNION 9 ORD] TO >RIVE SMOO?LY AT ! REVOLUTION>Y MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY BY ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,AS LONG AS WE >E 9 A PHASE ( FIRMLY-E/ABLI%$ & DOM9ANT CLASS SOCIETY1 WE CAN DIRECTLY WITNESS 9 PRACTICE ONLY ONE L9K3 ! ONE BETWE5 ! ROLE ( ! EXPLOIT$ & ! NATURAL PROTAGONI/ ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ EXPLOITATION4 ,IT IS A SITUATION :I* L5DS ITSELF TO DIRECT OBS]VATION & V]IFICATION 9 A PHASE :I* PREC$ES A FUTURE REVOLUTION>Y TRANSITION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! PROBLEMS ( LABOR /RUGGLE REQUIRE A C]TA9 TYPE ( MASS ORGANIZATION1 ABOVE ALL BAS$ ON ! /RUCTURE ( ! EXPLOITATION4 ,9/EAD1 :5 WE MOVE FROM ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ EXPLOITATION TO ! CON/RUCTION ( NEW SOCIAL /RUCTURES1 WE BELIEVE A HUGE /EP MU/ BE TAK54 ,A /EP :I* WE >E SE>*+ = ONLY BECAUSE ! PROLET>IAT 9 ITS HI/ORY HAS DONE SO4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 WE KN[ ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y IF ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS TO TAKE PLACE2 WE ALSO NE$ TO KN[ ?AT ?IS REQUIRES AN 5ORM\S LEAP 9 POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS & 9 ! OP]ATIVE CAPACITY ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!RE IS A GREAT RISK ?AT ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS WEAK5 CLASS SOCIETY TO ITS LIMITS1 /RIPP+ IT ( ITS P[]1 BUT WILL !N BE UNABLE TO RECON/RUCT ) ! REQUIR$ CL>ITY & ABILITY4 

,IF ?IS W]E TO HAPP51 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T W\LD MEET ) HEAVY DEFEATS4 ,IT IS !RE=E ESS5TIAL TO /UDY H[ ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS CAN REA* ! MOM5T ( REVOLUTION 9 A POSITION TO DEAL SUCCESSFULLY ) IT4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT MU/ BE NOT$ ?AT ! PROLET>IAT1 9 ITS MO/ FAM\S ATTEMPTS AT REVOLUTION1 WAS ABLE TO MAKE ?IS GREAT LEAP4 ,IT REQUIR$ A *ANGE FROM MASS ORGANIZATIONS ) ! AIM ( DEM&+ CONCESSIONS FROM ! DOM9ANT C5TRAL P[] TO MASS ORGANIZATIONS :I* !MSELVES CON/ITUT$ =MS ( P[] 7OR NON-P[]1 IF ONE PREF]S7 :I* W]E DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( ! EXPLOIT]S1 TO ! EXT5T ( SUPPRESS+ ! P[] 7AT LEA/ POT5TIALLY74 ,O!R IMPORTANT MOM5TS ALSO PROVIDE VALUABLE LESSONS -- ! ,BI5NIO ,ROSSO 7#a#i#a#i-#b7 9 ,ITALY1 ! EXP]I5CES 9 ,*ILI 9 ! '#gS & 9 ,PORTUGAL 9 #a#i#g#d4 

,! ,BI5NIO ,ROSSO 9 ,ITALY SC>$ ! B\RGEOISIE1 AS ! PROLET>IAT ORGANIZ$ ITSELF DIRECTLY FROM BEL[ & MANAG$ ITSELF1 IMM$IATELY CREAT+ AN ALT]NATIVE /RUCTURE ( PRODUCTION4 ,! GOV]NM5T HAD ACCEPT$ ?AT ! PROLET>IAT BE REPRES5T$ BY A P>TY 7OR SEV]AL P>TIES71 BUT C\LD NOT ACCEPT ?AT IT REPRES5T$ ITSELF4 ,! ANSW] GIV5 TO ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS BY ! =CES ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION WAS MO/ CLE> & 9DICATIVE3 !Y W]E TO BE D5I$ ! 9/RUM5TS ( !IR [N AUTONOMY & FUNCTIONALITY4 ,!Y W\LD BE D5I$ ANY POLITICAL FUNCTION & ALL DECISION-MAK+ P[]S & 9=MATION W\LD1 BY HOOK OR BY CROOK1 BE TRANSF]R$ TO ! UNION LEAD]%IPS & POLITICIANS4 ,?IS ACTION WAS BY F> MORE EFFECTIVE 9 CLIPP+ ! W+S ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,:Y WAS ,UNIDAD ,POPUL> 7,U,P7 SUPPORT$ 9 ,*ILI1 & :Y DID IT FAIL8 ,\TSIDE ?IS SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T COALITION !RE EXI/$ AN AUTONOM\S =CE :I* ID5TIFI$ ) ,U,P ONLY 9 C]TA9 ASPECTS4 ,! 5TIRE MOVEM5T ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS ( ! PEASANTS1 ! WORK]S & ! T[NS HAD /RONG DISAGREEM5TS ) ,U,P & ) ! UNIONS ON ONE MA9 PO9T3 :E!R OR NOT P[] %\LD BE DELEGAT$ TO ! ,/ATE4 ,?IS NEW =CE ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS HAD =MS & CONT5TS :I* C\LD NOT BE %>$ BY ANYONE3 NOT BY ! B\RGEOISIE :I* WAS BE+ REMOV$ FROM P[]1 NOT BY ! ,U,P :I* WAS BE+ HELD UP BY ! PEOPLE BUT :I* C\LD NOT EXPECT ! PEOPLE TO GOV]N !MSELVES4 ,U,P MA9TA9$ ITS P[] EV5 :5 ! B\RGEOISIE NO LONG] SUPPORT$ IT S9CE IT WAS ?IS PROLET>IAT =CE :I* WAS SUPPORT+ IT4 ,& :5 ,U,P FELL1 IT WAS AS A RESULT ( ! PROCESS ( PROLET>IAN P[] :I* WAS 9 PROGRESS1 DESPITE ,U,P'S [N /RATEGY4 ,! B\RGEOISIE REACT$ BECAUSE ! PROLET>IAT WAS ALREADY BUILD+ A REVOLUTION>Y P[] :I* HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! C5TRAL P[]4 ,& ! B\RGEOISIE WON BECAUSE ?IS NEW P[] -- & NOT ,U,P -- WAS NOT YET /RONG 5\< TO DEF5D ITS GA9S4 

,9 ,PORTUGAL1 ! REVOLUTION>Y R\TE TO SOCIALISM FAIL$ BE=E IT WAS BORN1 & ! REASONS >E SIMPLE3 ! =CES :I* HAD CONTRIBUT$ TO ! FALL ( FASCISM DID NOT HAVE 5\< CL>ITY &_/OR WILL REG>D+ PROLET>IAN SELF-MANAGEM5T FROM BEL[2 ! PROLET>IAT1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAD ONLY DEVELOP$ ?IS NE$ TO AN EXTREMELY PRIMITIVE & 0NAIVE0 LEVEL4 ,IT WAS LEFT TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES -- 9T]-CLASSI/ & SOCIAL-DEMOCRAT -- TO SNUFF \T ! FIRES ( PROLET>IAN AUTONOMY ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 SO ?AT !Y W\LD TE> !MSELVES AP>T ON ! /ATI/ ROAD TO 0DEMOCRACY04 

,WE CAN SEE TODAY 9 !SE CLE> EXAMPLES ?AT1 FROM ! TIMES ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE RI<T UP TO ! PRES5T DAY1 ! ROAD TO REVOLUTION PASSES ?R\< ! MASS PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATIONS & ?AT ! PROLET>IAT NATURALLY *OOSES ?IS WAY AS SOON AS IT IS PRACTICALLY POSSIBLE4 ,TO DRAW CONCLUSIONS1 IT IS A HI/ORICALLY VALID FACT ?AT ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 ON ! ROAD TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 >E DE/9$ TO MAKE A LEAP1 TO MOVE ON FROM ASK+ = C]TA9 ?+S -- FROM B>GA9+1 FROM FI<T+ ! C5TRAL P[]1 AN 5EMY GOV]NM5T :I* !Y !MSELVES RECOGNIZE IMPLICITLY AS ! DOM9ANT P[] -- TO SUB/ITUT+ ?IS GOV]NM5T1 TO BECOM+ ! P[] 7OR NON-P[]74 ,9 ?IS WAY1 MASS ORGANIZATIONS MU/ FACE UP TO ?IS PASSAGE 9 ALL CONSCI\SNESS SO ?AT !Y CAN ACQUIRE ! NECESS>Y OP]ATIONAL ABILITIES4 ,! FUNDAM5TAL OBJECTIVE NECESSITIES >E3  

! /ABILITY ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* MU/ NOT SUBMIT TO P>TIAL GOALS1 P>TY DIRECTIVES OR ! LOGIC ( ! ,/ATE2  

! FULL APPLICATION ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY2  

F$]ATIVE RELATION%IPS BETWE5 ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 AS FUNCTIONAL & FULLY-OP]ATIONAL AS POSSIBLE4  
  

,! SUBJECTIVE CONDITIONS REQUIR$ REG>D ! PROLET>IAT'S CONSCI\SNESS ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,= \R P>T1 WE MU/ DIRECT \R ATT5TION TO ?IS PROBLEM 9 ALL ! /RATEGIES & HI/ORICAL TACTICS :I* WE DEVELOP1 9 ! FULL AW>5ESS ( ! PRIME NECESSITY ( ?IS PO9T4 ,ANO!R FACT D]IVES FROM ! OBS]VATION ( HI/ORY3 ! IMPORTANCE ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS PREP>+ = A SUB/ITUTION ( ,/ATI/ P[] SO ?AT !Y CAN MOVE =W>D1 HAV+ ALREADY PREP>$ :AT TO DO & H[ TO DEF5D !MSELVES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 A CAPACITY = AN ALT]NATIVE MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY & PHYSICAL SELF-DEF5SE4 ,?IS MEANS PREP>ATION 9 ADVANCE 7OR IF NOT1 AT LEA/ RAPID PREP>ATION7 ( ALL ! FUNCTIONS REQUIR$ TO PLAY AN EV] MORE IMPORTANT ROLE & DEF5D IT FROM 5EMIES4 ,MAKE IT KN[N TO POT5TIAL ALLIES4 ,?IS FACT HAS SIMPLY BE5 D]IV$ FROM HI/ORY1 ABOVE ALL FROM ! MO/ IMPORTANT MOM5TS ( /RUGGLE ( ! #a#i#gS1 :I* WE WILL HAVE ALSO SE5 TO BE 9 L9E ) \R !ORETICAL CONCLUSIONS4 

,! ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,LIB]T>IAN ,CONSCI\SNESS 

  

,9 CONSEQU5CE ( :AT WE HAVE /AT$ ABOVE & ( \R ,!ORY1 WE >E OBLIG$ TO CONSID] MASS ORGANIZATIONS ALSO & ABOVE ALL AS A PLACE :]E ! POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PROLET>IAT CAN GR[4 

,H[ DOES ?IS POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS GR[8 ,WE KN[ ?AT !RE IS NO AUTOMATIC DEVICE = MOV+ FROM ! DEF5SE ( LABOR TO A CONSCI\SNESS ( ! LIB]T>IAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,WE KN[ TOO ?AT IF ONE DOES NOT SUFF] EXPLOITATION1 !N IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO BEG9 ?AT PROCESS :I* 7/>T+ ) ! DEF5SE ( LABOR7 CAN REA* ?AT ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,WE !RE=E NE$ TO KEEP 9 M9D !SE TWO PO9TS4 ,!RE >E ?REE CONSEQU5T L9ES ( ACTION3  

! ACTION & ELEM5T>Y AIMS ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS2  

! 5RI*M5T ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS' AUTONOM\S POLITICAL *>ACT]I/ICS2  

! ACTION ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS ?R\< ITS MILITANTS :O >E NATURAL MEMB]S ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS & ?R\< EXPLICIT POLITICAL PROPAG&A4  
  
NEW LI/ 

,9 ! ELEM5T>Y AIMS & 9 ! ELEM5T>Y FUNCTION+ ( ! MASS ORGANIZATION1 ! FIR/ OBJECTIVE FACTORS ( POLITICAL GR[? ALREADY EXI/ 9 ITS MEMB]S4 ,IT IS A FIR/ V]Y IMPORTANT PO9T & ONE :I* *>ACT]IZES ! ACTIONS ( ITS MEMB]S1 BEG9N+ ) ! SIMPLE/ DECISIONS4 ,?IS IS ! CASE ) ! KEY PO9TS ( ASSEMBLY-ISM1 DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 F$]ALISM1 ! PRACTICE ( FREE DISCUSSION & PRACTICAL OBS]VATION1 ) REG>D TO ! FUNCTION+4 ,9/EAD1 :]E ! AIMS >E CONC]N$1 IT IS A MATT] ( DEF5SE & ( ! NATURAL AFFIRMATION ( ! SOLE 9T]E/S ( ! EXPLOIT$ CLASS & ( TOTAL EMANCIPATION ( ! EXPLOIT$ CLASS FROM IMPOS$ EXPLOITATION & AU?ORITY4  

,AS ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS GA9 POLITICAL EXP]I5CE1 OCCASIONS >ISE = POLITICAL EVALUATIONS :I* !N BECOME P>T ( ! H]ITAGE ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 ) /RONG ELEM5TS ( AUTONOMY4 ,?IS POLITICAL H]ITAGE MU/ 79 ! LI<T ( PRACTICE7 CL>IFY ! ROLES ( ! =CES ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION 79T]-CLASSISM1 SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY & TRADE-UNIONISM7 & ! NECESSITY = ! AUTONOM\S FRONT ( ! MASSES TO HAVE !SE *>ACT]I/ICS :I* >E ESS5TIAL 9 ORD] TO ADVANCE ?R\< ONE'S [N /R5G?S2 EXP]I5CE MU/ ALSO GRADUALLY CL>IFY ! NE$ = A LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION IF WE >E TO ELIM9ATE EXPLOITATION DEF9ITIVELY4 ,!SE LESSONS MU/ BE LE>N$ ALSO BY \R COMRADES1 ! MEMB]S ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS :O WILL LE>N !M ?R\< !IR PRACTICE -- NOT P]SONALLY1 BUT ?R\< ! COLLECTIVE /RUGGLES ( ! ORGANIZATION -- SO ?AT !Y BECOME P>T ( ! (FICIAL POLITICAL H]ITAGE ( ! ORGANIZATION ITSELF &1 F9ALLY1 BUILD PRECI\S MAT]IAL = ! CONT9U\S POLITICAL $UCATION ( ITS MEMB]S1 OLD & NEW4  

,\R POLITICAL ORGANIZATION HAS NO AU?ORITY :ATSOEV] OV] ! AUTONOM\S MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 BUT ?IS DOES NOT MEAN IT HAS TO /OP CORRECTLY EXPRESS+ ITS EVALUATIONS4 ,?IS CAN ONLY TAKE PLACE ?R\< \R MILITANTS :O >E ALSO NATURAL MEMB]S ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS & ?R\< ! PROPAG&A ( ! ORGANIZATION ITSELF4 ,NEI!R %\LD WE =GET ?AT !SE MASS ORGANIZATIONS >E AN IDEAL POOL ( PROSPECTIVE POLITICAL MILITANTS1 = ! OBVI\S REASONS ( ! SOCIAL POSITION ( ! MEMB]S & ! COMPOSITION ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,POLITICAL MILITANTS )9 ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS MU/1 FIR/ & =EMO/1 5C\RAGE ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PO9TS A7 & B7 ABOVE4 ,SECONDLY1 !Y MU/ EXPRESS !IR POLITICAL IDEAS BY L9K+ !M 9 A CONSI/5T WAY ) ! EXP]I5CE ( ! MASS ORGANIZATION4  
  

,! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 ON ! O!R H&1 MU/ C>RY \T ?IS WORK FROM )\T1 & CONC5TRATE ON TWO GOALS 9 P>TICUL>3  

GRADUALLY & CONSI/5TLY 5C\RAGE ! SPREAD ( \R POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS AMONG ! NATURAL MEMB]S ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS1 BY CONV9C+ & DEMON/RAT+ & NOT BY =CE OR TRICK]Y2  

5C\RAGE AS MANY AS POSSIBLE ( !SE MEMB]S TO JO9 ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4  
  

,WE HAVE PREVI\SLY SPOK5 ( ! 9T]*ANGE BETWE5 ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS & ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,BUT1 TO JUDGE FROM :AT HAS JU/ BE5 SAID1 IT C\LD SEEM ?AT ! ONLY PROBLEM :I* HAS REALLY BE5 FAC$ IS ! ONE REG>D+ ! FL[ ( POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS FROM ! AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S' POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS TO ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 

,BUT ?IS IS NOT ! CASE1 = TWO REASONS4 

,FIR/LY1 ! AIM ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS ONLY TO PROVIDE ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS ) ! FRUITS ( ! HI/ORICAL CONSCI\SNESS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT 7:I* DO NOT 9CLUDE ANY DETAIL$ L9E ON ! TRANSITION TO REVOLUTION74 ,!Y MU/ BE FREE TO USE ! HI/ORICAL CONSCI\SNESS PROVID$ BY ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION & FREELY COMP>E IT ) !IR [N CONSCI\SNESS & !IR [N NE$S 9 ORD] TO MAKE ! BE/ POSSIBLE *OICES4 ,! MASS ORGANIZATIONS MU/1 9 FACT1 HAVE !IR [N AUTONOM\S ABILITY TO MAKE POLITICAL EVALUATIONS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 !Y >E ALSO FREE :]E OP]ATIONAL DECISIONS >E CONC]N$1 AS !Y HAVE -- A PRIORI -- NO 9/ITUTIONAL L9KS :ATEV] ) ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 

,! SECOND REASON REG>DS ! FACT ?AT ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION MU/ ALSO BE ABLE & WILL+ TO LE>N FROM ! MASS ORGANIZATION4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE ! POLITICAL MILITANTS >E NOT ! PROLET>IAT -- !Y >E P>T ( IT2 !IR TASK IS ALSO TO CONT9UALLY COMP>E !IR COMPREH5SIVE POLITICAL VISION ) ! CURR5T EXP]I5CES ( ! CLASS4 ,YET ANO!R FUNDAM5TAL TASK ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS TO PUBLICIZE & HELP SPREAD ! EXP]I5CES ( ! AUTONOM\S MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 

,! 9T]*ANGE LIES 9 EA* LE>N+ FROM ! O!R & SUPPORT+ ! O!R -- ?R\< AUTONOM\S DECISIONS -- TO ! EXT5T 9 :I* EA* ORGANIZATION F9DS A RESEMBLANCE & COMPLEM5T 9 ! CONSCI\SNESS & KN[L$GE ( ! O!R4 

,IT IS AN 9T]*ANGE :I* BO? ORGANIZATIONS MU/ DEVELOP 9 A COH]5T WAY & ONE :I* CAN BE 9T]RUPT$ OR CAN CEASE TO EXI/ = V>I\S REASONS4 

,?IS IS ALSO BECAUSE ! MASS ORGANIZATION [ES ITS EXI/5CE TO TOTALLY DIFF]5T REASONS ?AN ?OSE ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #b#b#a-#e-#f FROM HTTP3_/_/WWW4FDCA4IT_/FDCA5_/ORGANIZATION_/SDF_/SDF.-MO4HTM47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#e1 #bbb 3 ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/S @& ,! ,MASS ,ORGANIZATION -- ,ADD$4 

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