,>T ,UND] ,PLUTOCRACY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,Y\ MAY WELL ?9K ,I AM NOT H]E TO CRITICIZE ANY SPECIAL S*OOL ( >T OR >TI/S1 
      OR TO PLEAD = ANY SPECIAL /YLE1 OR TO GIVE Y\ ANY 9/RUCTIONS1 H[EV] 
      G5]AL1 AS TO ! PRACTICE ( ! >TS4 ,RA!R ,I WANT TO TAKE C\NSEL ) Y\ AS 
      TO :AT H9DRANCES MAY LIE 9 ! WAY T[>DS MAK+ >T :AT IT %\LD BE1 A HELP 
      & SOLACE TO ! DAILY LIFE ( ALL M54 ,SOME ( Y\ H]E MAY ?9K ?AT ! 
      H9DRANCES 9 ! WAY >E NONE1 OR FEW1 & EASY TO BE SWEPT ASIDE4 ,Y\ WILL SAY 
      ?AT !RE IS ON MANY SIDES MU* KN[L$GE ( ! HI/ORY ( >T1 & PL5TY ( 
      TA/E = IT1 AT LEA/ AMONG ! CULTIVAT$ CLASSES2 ?AT MANY M5 ( TAL5T1 & 
      SOME FEW ( G5IUS1 PRACTICE IT ) NO MEAN SUCCESS2 ?AT )9 ! LA/ FIFTY 
      YE>S !RE HAS BE5 SOME?+ ALMO/ LIKE A FRE% R5AISSANCE ( >T1 EV5 9 
      DIRECTIONS :]E SU* A *ANGE WAS LEA/ TO BE HOPE =4 ,ALL ?IS IS TRUE AS F> AS 
      IT GOES2 & ,I CAN WELL UND]/& ?IS /ATE ( ?+S BE+ A CAUSE ( 
      GRATULATION AMONG ?OSE :O DO NOT KN[ :AT ! SCOPE ( >T REALLY IS1 & H[ 
      CLOSELY IT IS B\ND UP ) ! G5]AL CONDITION ( SOCIETY1 & ESPECIALLY ) 
      ! LIVES ( ?OSE :O LIVE BY MANUAL LABOR & :OM WE CALL ! WORK+ CLASSES4 
      ,= MY P>T1 ,I CANNOT HELP NOT+ ?AT UND] ! APP>5T SATISFACTION ) ! 
      PROGRESS ( >T ( LATE YE>S !RE LIES 9 ! M9DS ( MO/ ?9K+ PEOPLE A 
      FEEL+ ( M]E DESPAIR AS TO ! PROSPECTS ( >T 9 ! FUTURE2 A DESPAIR :I* 
      SEEMS TO ME FULLY JU/IFI$ IF WE LOOK AT ! PRES5T CONDITION ( >T )\T 
      CONSID]+ ! CAUSES :I* HAVE L$ TO IT1 OR ! HOPES :I* MAY EXI/ = A 
      *ANGE 9 ?OSE CAUSES4 ,=1 )\T BEAT+ AB\T ! BU%1 LET US CONSID] :AT 
      ! REAL /ATE ( >T IS4 ,& FIR/ ,I MU/ ASK Y\ TO EXT5D ! WORD >T BEYOND 
      ?OSE MATT]S :I* >E CONSCI\SLY WORKS ( >T1 TO TAKE 9 NOT ONLY PA9T+ & 
      SCULPTURE1 & >*ITECTURE1 BUT ! %APES & COLORS ( ALL H\SEHOLD GOODS1 
      NAY1 EV5 ! >RANGEM5T ( ! FIELDS = TILLAGE & PA/URE1 ! MANAGEM5T ( 
      T[NS & ( \R HI<WAYS ( ALL K9DS2 9 A WORD1 TO EXT5D IT TO ! ASPECT ( 
      ! EXT]NALS ( \R LIFE4 ,= ,I MU/ ASK Y\ TO BELIEVE ?AT EV]Y ONE ( ! 
      ?+S ?AT GOES TO MAKE UP ! SURR\ND+S AMONG :I* WE LIVE MU/ BE EI!R 
      BEAUTIFUL OR UGLY1 EI!R ELEVAT+ OR DEGRAD+ TO US1 EI!R A TORM5T & BURD5 
      TO ! MAK] ( IT TO MAKE1 OR A PLEASURE & A SOLACE TO HIM4 ,H[ DOES IT F>E 
      !RE=E ) \R EXT]NAL SURR\ND+S 9 !SE DAYS8 ,:AT K9D ( AN ACC\NT 
      %ALL WE BE ABLE TO GIVE TO ?OSE :O COME AFT] US ( \R DEAL+S ) ! E>?1 
      :I* \R =EFA!RS H&$ D[N TO US /ILL BEAUTIFUL1 9 SPITE ( ALL ! 
      ?\S&S ( YE>S ( /RIFE & C>ELESSNESS & SELFI%NESS8 
     
     

      ,SURELY ?IS IS NO LI<T QUE/ION TO ASK \RSELVES2 NOR AM ,I AFRAID ?AT Y\ WILL 
      ?9K IT A M]E RHETORICAL FL\RI% IF ,I SAY ?AT IT IS A QUE/ION ?AT MAY WELL 
      SEEM A SOLEMN ONE :5 IT IS ASK$ H]E 9 ,OX=D1 AMID SI<TS & MEMORIES :I* 
      WE OLD] M5 AT LEA/ REG>D ) NO?+ %ORT ( LOVE4 ,HE MU/ BE 9DE$ A MAN ( 
      N>R[ 9COMPLETE M9D :O1 AMID ! BUILD+S RAIS$ BY ! HOPES ( \R 
      =EFA!RS1 AMID ! C\NTRY :I* !Y MADE SO LOVELY1 W\LD V5TURE TO SAY 
      ?AT ! BEAUTY ( ! E>? WAS A MATT] ( LITTLE MOM5T4 ,& YET1 ,I SAY1 H[ 
      HAVE WE ( !SE LATT] DAYS TREAT$ ! BEAUTY ( ! E>?1 OR ?AT :I* WE CALL 
      >T8 
     
     

      ,P]HAPS ,I HAD BE/ BEG9 BY /AT+ :AT WILL SC>CELY BE NEW TO Y\1 ?AT >T MU/ 
      BE BROADLY DIVID$ 9TO TWO K9DS1 ( :I* WE MAY CALL ! FIR/ ,9TELLECTUAL1 & 
      ! SECOND ,DECORATIVE ,>T1 US+ ! WORDS AS M]E =MS ( CONV5I5CE4 ,! FIR/ 
      K9D ADDRESSES ITSELF :OLLY TO \R M5TAL NE$S2 ! ?+S MADE BY IT S]VE NO 
      O!R PURPOSE BUT TO FE$ ! M9D1 &1 AS F> AS MAT]IAL NE$S GO1 MI<T BE DONE 
      )\T ALTOGE!R4 ,! SECOND1 ?\< SO MU* ( IT AS IS >T DOES ALSO APPEAL TO 
      ! M9D1 IS ALWAYS BUT A P>T ( ?+S :I* >E 9T5D$ PRIM>ILY = ! 
      S]VICE ( ! BODY4 ,I MU/ FUR!R SAY ?AT !RE HAVE BE5 NATIONS & P]IODS 
      :I* LACK$ ! PURELY ,9TELLECTUAL >T BUT POSITIVELY NONE :I* LACK$ ! 
      ,DECORATIVE 7OR AT LEA/ SOME PRET5SE ( IT72 & FUR!RMORE1 ?AT 9 ALL TIMES 
      :5 ! >TS W]E 9 A HEAL?Y CONDITION !RE WAS AN 9TIMATE CONNECTION BETWE5 
      ! TWO K9DS ( >T2 A CONNECTION SO CLOSE1 ?AT 9 ! TIMES :5 >T FL\RI%$ 
      MO/1 ! HI<] & L[] K9DS W]E DIVID$ BY NO H>D & FA/ L9ES4 ,! 
      HI<E/ 9TELLECTUAL >T WAS MEANT TO PLEASE ! EYE1 AS ! PHRASE GOES1 AS WELL 
      AS TO EXCITE ! EMOTIONS & TRA9 ! 9TELLECT4 ,IT APPEAL$ TO ALL M51 & TO 
      ALL ! FACULTIES ( A MAN4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! HUMBLE/ ( ! ORNAM5TAL >T 
      %>$ 9 ! MEAN+ & EMOTION ( ! 9TELLECTUAL2 ONE MELT$ 9TO ! O!R BY 
      SC>CE P]CEPTIBLE GRADATIONS2 9 %ORT1 ! BE/ >TI/ WAS A WORKMAN /ILL1 ! 
      HUMBLE/ WORKMAN WAS AN >TI/4 ,?IS IS NOT ! CASE N[1 NOR HAS BE5 = TWO OR 
      ?REE C5TURIES 9 CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES4 ,9TELLECTUAL >T IS SEP>AT$ FROM 
      ,DECORATIVE BY ! %>PE/ L9ES ( DEM>CATION1 NOT ONLY AS TO ! K9D ( WORK 
      PRODUC$ UND] ?OSE NAMES1 BUT EV5 9 ! SOCIAL POSITION ( ! PRODUC]S2 ?OSE 
      :O FOLL[ ! 9TELLECTUAL >TS BE+ ALL PR(ESSIONAL M5 OR G5TLEM5 BY VIRTUE 
      ( !IR CALL+1 :ILE ?OSE :O FOLL[ ! ,DECORATIVE >E WORKM5 E>N+ WEEKLY 
      WAGES1 NON-G5TLEM5 9 %ORT4 
     
     

      ,N[1 AS ,I HAVE ALREADY SAID1 MANY M5 ( TAL5T & SOME FEW ( G5IUS >E 5GAG$ 
      AT PRES5T 9 PRODUC+ WORKS ( ,9TELLECTUAL >T1 PA9T+S & SCULPTURE *IEFLY4 
      ,IT IS N[ISE MY BUS9ESS H]E OR ELSE:]E TO CRITICIZE !IR WORKS2 BUT MY SUBJECT 
      COMPELS ME TO SAY ?AT ?OSE :O FOLL[ ! ,9TELLECTUAL >TS MU/ BE DIVID$ 9TO 
      TWO SECTIONS1 ! FIR/ COMPOS$ ( M5 :O W\LD 9 ANY AGE ( ! WORLD HAVE HELD 
      A HI< PLACE 9 !IR CRAFT2 ! SECOND ( M5 :O HOLD !IR POSITION ( 
      G5TLEMAN->TI/ EI!R BY ! ACCID5T ( !IR BIR?1 OR BY !IR POSSESS+ 
      9DU/RY1 BUS9ESS HABITS1 OR SU*-LIKE QUALITIES1 \T ( ALL PROPORTION TO !IR 
      >TI/IC GIFTS4 ,! WORK :I* !SE LATT] PRODUCE SEEMS TO ME ( LITTLE VALUE TO 
      ! WORLD1 ?\< !RE IS A ?RIV+ M>KET = IT1 & !IR POSITION IS NEI!R 
      DIGNIFI$ NOR :OLESOME2 YET !Y >E MO/LY NOT TO BE BLAM$ = IT P]SONALLY1 
      S9CE (T5 !Y HAVE GIFTS = >T1 ?\< NOT GREAT ONES1 & W\LD PROBABLY NOT 
      HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 ANY O!R C>E]4 ,!Y >E1 9 FACT1 GOOD DECORATIVE WORKM5 
      SPOIL$ BY A SY/EM :I* COMPELS !M TO AMBITI\S 9DIVIDUALI/ EF=T1 BY 
      CUTT+ (F FROM !M ANY OPPORTUNITY = COOP]ATION ) O!R ( GREAT] OR 
      LESS CAPACITY = ! PRODUCTION ( POPUL> >T4 
     
     

      ,AS TO ! FIR/ SECTION ( >TI/S1 :O WOR?ILY FILL !IR PLACES & MAKE ! 
      WORLD WEAL?I] BY !IR WORK1 IT MU/ BE SAID ( !M ?AT !Y >E V]Y FEW4 
      ,!SE M5 HAVE WON !IR MA/]Y OV] !IR CRAFT BY D9T ( 9CR$IBLE TOIL1 
      PA9S1 & ANXIETY1 BY QUALITIES ( M9D & /R5G? ( WILL :I* >E B\ND TO 
      PRODUCE SOME?+ ( VALUE4 ,NEV]!LESS !Y >E 9JUR$ ALSO BY ! SY/EM :I* 
      9SI/S ON 9DIVIDUALISM & =BIDS COOP]ATION4 ,= FIR/1 !Y >E CUT (F FROM 
      TRADITION1 ?AT WOND]FUL1 ALMO/ MIRACUL\S ACCUMULATION ( ! SKILL ( AGES1 
      :I* M5 F9D !MSELVES P>TAK]S 9 )\T EF=T ON !IR P>T4 ,! KN[L$GE 
      ( ! PA/ & ! SYMPA?Y ) IT :I* ! >TI/S ( TO-DAY HAVE1 !Y HAVE 
      ACQUIR$1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 BY !IR [N MO/ /R5U\S 9DIVIDUAL EF=T2 & AS 
      ?AT TRADITION NO LONG] EXI/S TO HELP !M 9 !IR PRACTICE ( ! >T1 & !Y 
      >E HEAVILY WEI<T$ 9 ! RACE BY HAV+ TO LE>N EV]Y?+ FROM ! BEG9N+1 
      EA* MAN = HIMSELF1 SO ALSO1 & ?AT IS WORSE1 ! LACK ( IT DEPRIVES !M ( A 
      SYMPA!TIC & APPRECIATIVE AUDI5CE4 ,AP>T FROM ! >TI/S !MSELVES & A FEW 
      P]SONS :O W\LD BE ALSO >TI/S BUT = WANT ( OPPORTUNITY & = 9SUFFICI5T 
      GIFTS ( H& & EYE1 !RE IS 9 ! PUBLIC ( TO-DAY NO REAL KN[L$GE ( >T1 
      & LITTLE LOVE = IT4 ,NO?+1 SAVE AT ! BE/ C]TA9 VAGUE PREPOSSESSIONS1 
      :I* >E BUT ! PHANTOM ( ?AT TRADITION :I* ONCE B\ND >TI/ & PUBLIC 
      TOGE!R4 ,!RE=E ! >TI/S >E OBLIG$ TO EXPRESS !MSELVES1 AS IT W]E1 9 A 
      LANGUAGE NOT UND]/&$ ( ! PEOPLE4 ,NOR IS ?IS !IR FAULT4 ,IF !Y W]E TO 
      TRY1 AS SOME ?9K !Y %\LD1 TO MEET ! PUBLIC HALF-WAY & WORK 9 SU* A 
      MANN] AS TO SATISFY AT ANY CO/ ?OSE VAGUE PREPOSSESSIONS ( M5 IGNORANT ( >T1 
      !Y W\LD BE CA/+ ASIDE !IR SPECIAL GIFTS1 !Y W\LD BE TRAITORS TO ! 
      CAUSE ( >T1 :I* IT IS !IR DUTY & GLORY TO S]VE4 ,!Y HAVE NO *OICE SAVE 
      TO DO !IR [N P]SONAL 9DIVIDUAL WORK UNHELP$ BY ! PRES5T1 /IMULAT$ BY ! 
      PA/1 BUT %AM$ BY IT1 & EV5 9 A WAY HAMP]$ BY IT2 !Y MU/ /& AP>T AS 
      POSSESSORS ( SOME SACR$ MY/]Y :I*1 :ATEV] HAPP5S1 !Y MU/ AT LEA/ DO 
      !IR BE/ TO GU>D4 ,IT IS NOT TO BE D\BT$ ?AT BO? !IR [N LIVES & !IR 
      WORKS >E 9JUR$ BY ?IS ISOLATION4 ,BUT ! LOSS ( ! PEOPLE2 H[ >E WE TO 
      MEASURE ?AT8 ,?AT !Y %\LD HAVE GREAT M5 LIV+ & WORK+ AMONG !M1 & 
      BE IGNORANT ( ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( !IR WORK1 & 9CAPABLE ( KN[+ :AT IT 
      MEANS IF !Y C\LD SEE IT6 
     
     

      ,9 ! TIMES :5 >T WAS ABUNDANT & HEAL?Y1 ALL M5 W]E MORE OR LESS >TI/S2 
      ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! 9/9CT = BEAUTY :I* IS 9BORN 9 EV]Y COMPLETE MAN HAD 
      SU* =CE ?AT ! :OLE BODY ( CRAFTSM5 HABITUALLY & )\T CONSCI\S EF=T 
      MADE BEAUTIFUL ?+S1 & ! AUDI5CE = ! AU?ORS ( 9TELLECTUAL >T WAS 
      NO?+ %ORT ( ! :OLE PEOPLE4 ,& SO !Y HAD EA* AN ASSUR$ HOPE ( GA9+ 
      ?AT G5U9E PRAISE & SYMPA?Y :I* ALL M5 :O EX]CISE !IR IMAG9ATION 9 
      EXPRESSION MO/ C]TA9LY & NATURALLY CRAVE1 & ! LACK ( :I* DOES C]TA9LY 
      9JURE !M 9 SOME WAY2 MAKES !M %Y1 OV]-S5SITIVE1 & N>R[1 OR ELSE 
      CYNICAL & MOCK+1 & 9 ?AT CASE WELL-NI< USELESS4 ,BUT 9 !SE DAYS1 ,I HAVE 
      SAID & REPEAT1 ! :OLE PEOPLE IS C>ELESS & IGNORANT ( >T2 ! 9BORN 
      9/9CT = BEAUTY IS *ECK$ & ?W>T$ AT EV]Y TURN2 & ! RESULT ON ! 
      LESS 9TELLECTUAL OR DECORATIVE >T IS ?AT AS A SPONTANE\S & POPUL> EXPRESSION 
      ( ! 9/9CT = BEAUTY IT DOES NOT EXI/ AT ALL4 ,IT IS A MATT] ( C\RSE ?AT 
      EV]Y?+ MADE BY MAN'S H& IS N[ OBVI\SLY UGLY1 UNLESS IT IS MADE BEAUTIFUL BY 
      CONSCI\S EF=T2 NOR DOES IT M5D ! MATT] ?AT M5 HAVE NOT LO/ ! HABIT 
      D$UC$ FROM ! TIMES ( >T1 ( PR(ESS+ TO ORNAM5T H\SEHOLD GOODS & ! 
      LIKE2 = ?IS %AM ORNAM5T1 :I* HAS NO LEA/ 9T5TION ( GIV+ ANY ONE 
      PLEASURE1 IS SO BASE & FOOLI% ?AT ! WORDS UPHOL/]Y & UPHOL/]] HAVE 
      COME TO HAVE A K9D ( SECOND>Y MEAN+ 9DICATIVE ( ! PR(\ND CONTEMPT :I* 
      ALL S5SIBLE M5 HAVE = SU* TWADDLE4 
     
     

      ,?IS1 SO F>1 IS :AT DECORATIVE >T HAS COME TO1 & ,I MU/ BREAK (F A :ILE H]E 
      & ASK Y\ TO CONSID] :AT IT ONCE WAS1 LE/ Y\ ?9K OV] HA/ILY ?AT ITS 
      DEGRADATION IS A MATT] ( LITTLE MOM5T4 ,?9K1 ,I BEG Y\1 TO GO NO FUR!R BACK 
      9 HI/ORY1 ( ! /ATELY & C>EFUL BEAUTY ( ,S4 ,SOPHIA AT ,CON/ANT9OPLE1 ( 
      ! GOLD5 TWILI<T ( ,S4 ,M>K'S AT ,V5ICE2 ( ! SCULPTUR$ CLIFFS ( ! GREAT 
      ,FR5* CA!DRALS1 ( ! QUA9T & FAMILI> BEAUTY ( \R [N M9/]S2 NAY1 GO 
      ?R\< ,OX=D /REETS & POND] ON :AT IS LEFT US !RE UNSCA!D BY ! FURY ( 
      ! ?RIV+ %OP & ! PROGRESSIVE COLLEGE2 OR W&] SOME DAY ?R\< SOME ( 
      ! \T-(-!-WAY VILLAGES & LITTLE T[NS ?AT LIE SCATT]$ AB\T ! 
      C\NTRY-SIDE )9 TW5TY MILES ( ,OX=D2 & Y\ WILL SURELY SEE ?AT ! LOSS 
      ( DECORATIVE >T IS A GRIEV\S LOSS TO ! WORLD4 
     
     

      ,?US !N 9 CONSID]+ ! /ATE ( >T AMONG US ,I HAVE BE5 DRIV5 TO ! 
      CONCLUSION ?AT 9 ITS COOP]ATIVE =M IT IS EXT9CT1 & ONLY EXI/S 9 ! 
      CONSCI\S EF=TS ( M5 ( G5IUS & TAL5T1 :O !MSELVES >E 9JUR$1 & 
      ?W>T$1 & DEPRIV$ ( DUE SYMPA?Y BY ! LACK ( COOP]ATIVE >T4 
     
     

      ,BUT FUR!RMORE1 ! REPRESSION ( ! 9/9CT = BEAUTY :I* HAS DE/ROY$ ! 
      ,DECORATIVE & 9JUR$ ! ,9TELLECTUAL >TS HAS NOT /OPP$ !RE 9 ! 9JURY IT 
      HAS DONE US4 ,I CAN MYSELF SYMPA?IZE ) A FEEL+ :I* ,I SUPPOSE IS /ILL NOT 
      R>E1 A CRAV+ TO ESCAPE SOMETIMES TO M]E ,NATURE1 NOT ONLY FROM UGL9ESS & 
      SQUALOR1 NOT ONLY FROM A CONDITION ( SUP]ABUNDANCE ( >T1 BUT EV5 FROM A 
      CONDITION ( >T SEV]E & WELL ORD]$1 EV51 SAY1 FROM SU* SURR\ND+S AS ! 
      LOVELY SIMPLICITY ( ,P]ICLEAN ,A!NS4 ,I CAN DEEPLY SYMPA?IZE ) A WE>Y MAN 
      F9D+ HIS ACC\NT 9 9T]E/ 9 M]E LIFE & COMMUNION ) EXT]NAL NATURE1 
      ! FACE ( ! C\NTRY1 ! W9D & WEA!R1 & ! C\RSE ( ! DAY1 & ! 
      LIVES ( ANIMALS1 WILD & DOME/IC2 & MAN'S DAILY DEAL+S ) ALL ?IS = HIS 
      DAILY BREAD1 & RE/1 & 9NOC5T BEA/-LIKE PLEASURE4 ,BUT ! 9T]E/ 9 ! 
      M]E ANIMAL LIFE ( MAN HAS BECOME IMPOSSIBLE TO BE 9DULG$ 9 9 ITS FULLNESS BY 
      MO/ CIVILIZ$ PEOPLE4 ,YET CIVILIZATION1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 [ES US SOME COMP5SATION 
      = ! LOSS ( ?IS ROMANCE1 :I* N[ ONLY HANGS LIKE A DREAM AB\T ! C\NTRY 
      LIFE ( BUSY L&S4 ,TO KEEP ! AIR PURE & ! RIV]S CLEAN1 TO TAKE SOME PA9S 
      TO KEEP ! MEAD[S & TILLAGE AS PLEASANT AS REASONABLE USE WILL ALL[ !M TO 
      BE2 TO ALL[ PEACEABLE CITIZ5S FRE$OM TO W&] :]E !Y WILL1 SO !Y DO NO 
      HURT TO G>D5 OR CORNFIELD2 NAY1 EV5 TO LEAVE H]E & !RE SOME PIECE ( WA/E 
      OR M\NTA9 SACR$LY FREE FROM F5CE OR TILLAGE AS A MEMORY ( MAN'S RUD] 
      /RUGGLES ) NATURE 9 HIS E>LI] DAYS3 IS IT TOO MU* TO ASK CIVILIZATION TO BE 
      SO F> ?\<TFUL ( MAN'S PLEASURE & RE/1 & TO HELP SO F> AS ?IS H] 
      *ILDR5 TO :OM %E HAS MO/ (T5 SET SU* HEAVY TASKS ( GR9D+ LABOR8 ,SURELY 
      NOT AN UNREASONABLE ASK+4 ,BUT NOT A :IT ( IT %ALL WE GET UND] ! PRES5T 
      SY/EM ( SOCIETY4 ,?AT LOSS ( ! 9/9CT = BEAUTY :I* HAS 9VOLV$ US 9 
      ! LOSS ( POPUL> >T IS ALSO BUSY 9 DEPRIV+ US ( ! ONLY COMP5SATION 
      POSSIBLE = ?AT LOSS1 BY SURELY & NOT SL[LY DE/ROY+ ! BEAUTY ( ! V]Y 
      FACE ( ! E>?4 ,NOT ONLY >E ,LONDON & \R O!R GREAT COMM]CIAL CITIES M]E 
      MASSES ( SORDIDNESS1 FIL?1 & SQUALOR1 EMBROID]$ ) PAT*ES ( POMP\S & 
      VULG> HIDE\SNESS1 NO LESS REVOLT+ TO ! EYE & ! M9D :5 ONE KN[S :AT 
      IT MEANS3 NOT ONLY HAVE :OLE C\NTIES ( ,5GL&1 & ! HEAV5S ?AT HANG OV] 
      !M1 DISAPPE>$ B5EA? A CRU/ ( UNUTT]ABLE GRIME1 BUT ! DISEASE1 :I*1 TO 
      A VISITOR COM+ FROM ! TIMES ( >T1 REASON1 & ORD]1 W\LD SEEM TO BE A LOVE 
      ( DIRT & UGL9ESS = ITS [N SAKE1 SPREADS ALL OV] ! C\NTRY1 & EV]Y 
      LITTLE M>KET-T[N SEIZES ! OPPORTUNITY TO IMITATE1 AS F> AS IT CAN1 ! MAJE/Y 
      ( ! HELL ( ,LONDON & ,MAN*E/]4 ,NE$ ,I SPEAK TO Y\ ( ! WRET*$ SUBURBS 
      ?AT SPRAWL ALL R\ND \R FAIRE/ & MO/ ANCI5T CITIES8 ,MU/ ,I SPEAK TO Y\ ( 
      ! DEGRADATION ?AT HAS SO SPE$ILY BEFALL5 ?IS CITY1 /ILL ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL 
      ( !M ALL2 A CITY :I*1 ) ITS SURR\ND+S1 W\LD1 IT WE HAD HAD A GRA9 ( 
      COMMON S5SE1 HAVE BE5 TREAT$ LIKE A MO/ PRECI\S JEWEL1 :OSE BEAUTY WAS TO BE 
      PRES]V$ AT ANY CO/8 ,I SAY AT ANY CO/1 = IT WAS A POSSESSION :I* DID NOT 
      BELONG TO US1 BUT :I* WE W]E TRU/EES ( = ALL PO/]ITY4 ,I AM OLD 5\< TO 
      KN[ H[ WE HAVE TREAT$ ?AT JEWEL2 AS IF IT W]E ANY COMMON /ONE KICK+ AB\T 
      ON ! HI<WAY1 GOOD 5\< TO ?R[ AT A DOG4 ,:5 ,I REMEMB] ! CONTRA/ BETWE5 
      ! ,OX=D ( TO-DAY & ! ,OX=D :I* ,I FIR/ SAW ?IRTY YE>S AGO1 ,I WOND] ,I 
      CAN FACE ! MIS]Y 7!RE IS NO O!R WORD = IT7 ( VISIT+ IT1 EV5 TO HAVE 
      ! HONOR ( ADDRESS+ Y\ TO-NI<T4 ,BUT FUR!RMORE1 NOT ONLY >E ! CITIES A 
      DISGRACE TO US1 & ! SMALL] T[NS A LAU<+-/OCK2 NOT ONLY >E ! DWELL+S 
      ( MAN GR[N 9EXPRESSIBLY BASE & UGLY1 BUT ! V]Y C[%$S & C>T-/ABLES1 
      NAY1 ! M]E/ PIECE ( NECESS>Y F>M-5G9E]+1 >E T>R$ ) ! SAME 
      BRU%4 ,EV5 IF A TREE IS CUT D[N OR BL[N D[N1 A WORSE ONE1 IF ANY1 IS PLANT$ 9 
      ITS /EAD1 &1 9 %ORT1 \R CIVILIZATION IS PASS+ LIKE A BLI<T1 DAILY GR[+ 
      HEAVI] & MORE POISON\S1 OV] ! :OLE FACE ( ! C\NTRY1 SO ?AT EV]Y 
      *ANGE IS SURE TO BE A *ANGE = ! WORSE 9 ITS \TW>D ASPECT4 ,SO !N IT COMES 
      TO ?IS1 ?AT NOT ONLY >E ! M9DS ( GREAT >TI/S N>R[$ & !IR SYMPA?IES 
      FROZ5 BY !IR ISOLATION1 NOT ONLY HAS COOP]ATIVE >T COME TO A /&/ILL1 BUT 
      ! V]Y FOOD ON :I* BO? ! GREAT] & ! LESS] >T SUBSI/S IS BE+ 
      DE/ROY$2 ! WELL ( >T IS POISON$ AT ITS SPR+4 
     
     

      ,N[ ,I DO NOT WOND] ?AT ?OSE :O ?9K ?AT !SE EVILS >E FROM H5CE=? = 
      EV] NECESS>Y TO ! PROGRESS ( CIVILIZATION %\LD TRY TO MAKE ! BE/ ( 
      ?+S1 %\LD %UT !IR EYES TO ALL !Y CAN1 & PRAISE ! GALVANIZ$ LIFE ( 
      ! >T ( ! PRES5T DAY2 BUT1 = MY P>T1 ,I BELIEVE ?AT !Y >E NOT NECESS>Y 
      TO CIVILIZATION1 BUT ONLY ACCOMPANIM5TS TO ONE PHASE ( IT1 :I* WILL *ANGE & 
      PASS 9TO SOME?+ ELSE1 LIKE ALL PRIOR PHASES HAVE DONE4 ,I BELIEVE ALSO ?AT ! 
      ESS5TIAL *>ACT]I/IC ( ! PRES5T /ATE ( SOCIETY IS ?AT :I* HAS SO 
      RU9$ >T1 OR ! PLEASURE ( LIFE2 & ?AT ?IS HAV+ DI$ \T1 ! 9BORN LOVE 
      ( MAN = BEAUTY & ! DESIRE = EXPRESS+ IT WILL NO LONG] BE REPRESS$1 & 
      >T WILL BE FREE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ,I NOT ONLY ADMIT1 BUT DECL>E1 & ?9K IT MO/ 
      IMPORTANT TO DECL>E1 ?AT SO LONG AS ! SY/EM ( COMPETITION 9 ! PRODUCTION 
      & EX*ANGE ( ! MEANS ( LIFE GOES ON1 ! DEGRADATION ( ! >TS WILL GO ON2 
      & IF ?AT SY/EM IS TO LA/ = EV]1 !N >T IS DOOM$1 & WILL SURELY DIE2 
      ?AT IS TO SAY1 CIVILIZATION WILL DIE4 ,I KN[ IT IS AT PRES5T ! RECEIV$ OP9ION 
      ?AT ! COMPETITIVE OR 0,DEVIL TAKE ! H9DMO/0 SY/EM IS ! LA/ SY/EM ( 
      ECONOMY :I* ! WORLD WILL SEE2 ?AT IT IS P]FECTION1 & !RE=E F9ALITY HAS 
      BE5 REA*$ 9 IT2 & IT IS D\BTLESS A BOLD ?+ TO FLY 9 ! FACE ( ?IS 
      OP9ION1 :I* ,I AM TOLD IS HELD BY ! MO/ LE>N$ M54 ,BUT ?\< ,I AM NOT 
      LE>N$1 ,I HAVE BE5 TAU<T ?AT ! PATRI>*AL SY/EM DI$ 9TO ?AT ( ! 
      CITIZ5 & *ATTEL SLAVE1 :I* 9 ITS TURN GAVE PLACE TO ?AT ( ! FEUDAL LORD 
      & ! S]F1 :I*1 PASS+ ?R\< A MODIFI$ =M1 9 :I* ! BUR<]1 ! 
      GILD-CRAFTSMAN & HIS J\RNEYMAN PLAY$ !IR P>TS1 WAS SUPPLANT$ BY ! SY/EM 
      ( SO-CALL$ FREE CONTRACT N[ EXI/+4 ,?AT ALL ?+S S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! 
      WORLD HAVE BE5 T5D+ TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS SY/EM ,I WILL+LY ADMIT1 S9CE 
      IT EXI/S2 ?AT ALL ! EV5TS ( HI/ORY HAVE TAK5 PLACE = ! PURPOSE ( 
      MAK+ IT ET]NAL1 ! V]Y EVOLUTION ( ?OSE EV5TS =BIDS ME TO BELIEVE4 
     
     

      ,= ,I AM 0ONE ( ! PEOPLE CALL$ ,SOCIALI/S02 !RE=E ,I AM C]TA9 ?AT 
      EVOLUTION 9 ! ECONOMICAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE WILL GO ON1 :ATEV] %AD[Y 
      B>RI]S MAY BE DRAWN ACROSS ITS PA? BY M5 :OSE APP>5T SELF-9T]E/ B9DS 
      !M1 CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY1 TO ! PRES5T1 & :O >E !RE=E HOPELESS 
      = ! FUTURE4 ,I HOLD ?AT ! CONDITION ( COMPETITION BETWE5 MAN & MAN IS 
      BE/IAL ONLY1 & ?AT ( ASSOCIATION HUMAN2 ,I ?9K ?AT ! *ANGE FROM ! 
      UNDEVELOP$ COMPETITION ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 TRAMMEL$ AS IT WAS BY ! P]SONAL 
      RELATIONS ( FEUDALITY1 & ! ATTEMPTS AT ASSOCIATION ( ! GILD-CRAFTSM5 9TO 
      ! FULL-BL[N LAISSEZ-FAIRE COMPETITION ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 IS 
      BR++ TO BIR? \T ( ITS [N AN>*Y1 & BY ! V]Y MEANS BY :I* IT SEEKS 
      TO P]PETUATE ?AT AN>*Y1 A SPIRIT ( ASSOCIATION F\ND$ ON ?AT ANTAGONISM 
      :I* HAS PRODUC$ ALL =M] *ANGES 9 ! CONDITION ( M51 & :I* WILL ONE 
      DAY ABOLI% ALL CLASSES & TAKE DEF9ITE & PRACTICAL =M1 & SUB/ITUTE 
      ASSOCIATION = COMPETITION 9 ALL ?AT RELATES TO ! PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE ( 
      ! MEANS ( LIFE4 ,I FUR!R BELIEVE ?AT AS ?AT *ANGE WILL BE B5EFIC5T 9 MANY 
      WAYS1 SO ESPECIALLY WILL IT GIVE AN OPPORTUNITY = ! NEW BIR? ( >T1 :I* IS 
      N[ BE+ CRU%$ TO DEA? BY ! MONEY-BAGS ( COMPETITIVE COMM]CE4 
     
     

      ,MY REASON = ?IS HOPE = >T IS F\ND$ ON :AT ,I FEEL QUITE SURE IS A TRU?1 
      & AN IMPORTANT ONE1 NAMELY ?AT ALL >T1 EV5 ! HI<E/1 IS 9FLU5C$ BY ! 
      CONDITIONS ( LABOR ( ! MASS ( MANK9D1 & ?AT ANY PRET5SIONS :I* MAY BE 
      MADE = EV5 ! HI<E/ 9TELLECTUAL >T TO BE 9DEP5D5T ( !SE G5]AL 
      CONDITIONS >E FUTILE & VA92 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ?AT ANY >T :I* PR(ESSES TO BE 
      F\ND$ ON ! SPECIAL $UCATION OR REF9EM5T ( A LIMIT$ BODY OR CLASS MU/ ( 
      NECESSITY BE UNREAL & %ORT-LIV$4 ,>,T ,I,S ,M,A,N',S ,E,X,P,R,E,S,S,I,O,N ,( ,H,I,S ,J,O,Y ,9 ,L,A,B,O,R4 
      ,IF ?OSE >E NOT ,PR(ESSOR ,RUSK9'S WORDS !Y EMBODY AT LEA/ HIS TEA*+ ON ?IS 
      SUBJECT4 ,NOR HAS ANY TRU? MORE IMPORTANT EV] BE5 /AT$2 = IF PLEASURE 9 
      LABOR BE G5]ALLY POSSIBLE1 :AT A /RANGE FOLLY IT MU/ BE = M5 TO CONS5T TO 
      LABOR )\T PLEASURE2 & :AT A HIDE\S 9JU/ICE IT MU/ BE = SOCIETY TO 
      COMPEL MO/ M5 TO LABOR )\T PLEASURE6 ,= S9CE ALL M5 NOT DI%ONE/ MU/ 
      LABOR1 IT BECOMES A QUE/ION EI!R ( =C+ !M TO LEAD UNHAPPY LIVES OR 
      ALL[+ !M TO LIVE UNHAPPILY4 ,N[ ! *IEF ACCUSATION ,I HAVE TO BR+ AGA9/ 
      ! MOD]N /ATE ( SOCIETY IS ?AT IT IS F\ND$ ON ! >T-LACK+ OR UNHAPPY 
      LABOR ( ! GREAT] P>T ( M52 & ALL ?AT EXT]NAL DEGRADATION ( ! FACE ( 
      ! C\NTRY ( :I* ,I HAVE SPOK5 IS HATEFUL TO ME NOT ONLY BECAUSE IT IS A CAUSE 
      ( UNHAPP9ESS TO SOME FEW ( US :O /ILL LOVE >T1 BUT ALSO & *IEFLY BECAUSE 
      IT IS A TOK5 ( ! UNHAPPY LIFE =C$ ON ! GREAT MASS ( ! POPULATION BY ! 
      SY/EM ( COMPETITIVE COMM]CE4 
     
     

      ,! PLEASURE :I* \<T TO GO ) ! MAK+ ( EV]Y PIECE ( H&ICRAFT HAS = 
      ITS BASIS ! KE5 9T]E/ :I* EV]Y HEAL?Y MAN TAKES 9 HEAL?Y LIFE1 & IS 
      COMP\ND$1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 *IEFLY ( ?REE ELEM5TS2 V>IETY1 HOPE ( CREATION1 
      & ! SELF-RESPECT :I* COMES ( A S5SE ( USEFULNESS2 TO :I* MU/ BE ADD$ 
      ?AT MY/]I\S BODILY PLEASURE :I* GOES ) ! DEFT EX]CISE ( ! BODILY 
      P[]S4 ,I DO NOT ?9K ,I NE$ SP5D MANY WORDS 9 TRY+ TO PROVE ?AT !SE 
      ?+S1 IF !Y REALLY & FULLY ACCOMPANI$ LABOR1 W\LD DO MU* TO MAKE IT 
      PLEASANT4 ,AS TO ! PLEASURES ( V>IETY1 ANY ( Y\ :O HAVE EV] MADE ANY?+1 ,I 
      DON'T C>E :AT1 WILL WELL REMEMB] ! PLEASURE ?AT W5T ) ! TURN+ \T ( 
      ! FIR/ SPECIM54 ,:AT W\LD HAVE BECOME ( ?AT PLEASURE IF Y\ HAD BE5 
      COMPELL$ TO GO ON MAK+ IT EXACTLY ! SAME = EV]8 ,AS TO ! HOPE ( CREATION1 
      ! HOPE ( PRODUC+ SOME WOR?Y OR EV5 EXCELL5T WORK :I* )\T Y\1 ! 
      CRAFTSM51 W\LD NOT HAVE EXI/$ AT ALL1 A ?+ :I* NE$S Y\ & CAN HAVE NO 
      SUB/ITUTE = Y\ 9 ! MAK+ ( IT - CAN WE ANY ( US FAIL TO UND]/& ! 
      PLEASURE ( ?IS8 ,NO LESS EASY1 SURELY1 IS IT TO SEE H[ MU* ! SELF-RESPECT BORN 
      ( ! CONSCI\SNESS ( USEFULNESS MU/ SWEET5 LABOR4 ,TO FEEL ?AT Y\ HAVE TO DO 
      A ?+ NOT TO SATISFY ! :IM ( A FOOL OR A SET ( FOOLS1 BUT BECAUSE IT IS 
      REALLY GOOD 9 ITSELF1 ?AT IS USEFUL1 W\LD SURELY BE A GOOD HELP TO GETT+ 
      ?R\< ! DAY'S WORK4 ,AS TO ! UNREASON+1 S5SU\S PLEASURE 9 H&IWORK1 ,I 
      BELIEVE 9 GOOD SOO? ?AT IT HAS MORE P[] ( GETT+ R\< & /R5U\S WORK 
      \T ( M51 EV5 AS ?+S GO1 ?AN MO/ PEOPLE IMAG9E4 ,AT ANY RATE IT LIES AT ! 
      BOTTOM ( ! PRODUCTION ( ALL >T1 :I* CANNOT EXI/ )\T IT EV5 9 ITS 
      FEEBLE/ & RUDE/ =M4 
     
     

      ,N[ ?IS COMP\ND PLEASURE 9 H&IWORK ,I CLAIM AS ! BIR?RI<T ( ALL WORKM54 ,I 
      SAY ?AT IF !Y LACK ANY P>T ( IT !Y WILL BE SO F> DEGRAD$1 BUT ?AT IF !Y 
      LACK IT ALTOGE!R !Y >E1 AS F> AS !IR WORK GOES1 ,I WILL NOT SAY SLAVES1 ! 
      WORD W\LD NOT BE /RONG 5\<1 BUT MA*9ES MORE OR LESS CONSCI\S ( !IR [N 
      UNHAPP9ESS4 
     
     

      ,I HAVE APPEAL$ ALREADY TO HI/ORY 9 AID ( MY HOPES = A *ANGE 9 ! SY/EM ( 
      ! CONDITIONS ( LABOR4 ,I WI% TO BR+ =W>D N[ ! WITNESS ( HI/ORY ?AT 
      ?IS CLAIM ( LABOR = PLEASURE RE/S ON A F\NDATION /RONG] ?AN A M]E 
      FANTA/IC DREAM2 :AT IS LEFT ( ! >T ( ALL K9DS PRODUC$ 9 ALL P]IODS & 
      C\NTRIES :]E HOPE ( PROGRESS WAS ALIVE BE=E ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! COMM]CIAL 
      SY/EM %[S PLA9LY 5\< TO ?OSE :O HAVE EYES & UND]/&+ ?AT PLEASURE 
      DID ALWAYS 9 SOME DEGREE ACCOMPANY ITS PRODUCTION4 ,?IS FACT1 H[EV] DIFFICULT IT 
      MAY BE TO DEMON/RATE 9 A P$ANTIC WAY1 IS ABUNDANTLY ADMITT$ BY ?OSE :O HAVE 
      /UDI$ ! >TS WIDELY2 ! V]Y PHRASES SO COMMON 9 CRITICISM ?AT SU* & SU* 
      A PIECE ( W\LD-BE >T IS DONE ME*ANICALLY1 OR DONE )\T FEEL+1 EXPRESS 
      ACCURATELY 5\< ! G5]AL S5SE ( >TI/S ( A /&>D D$UC$ FROM TIMES ( 
      HEAL?Y >T2 = ?IS ME*ANICAL & FEEL+LESS H&IWORK DID NOT EXI/ TILL DAYS 
      COMP>ATIVELY NE> \R [N1 & IT IS ! CONDITION ( LABOR UND] PLUTOCRATIC 
      RULE :I* HAS ALL[$ IT ANY PLACE AT ALL4 
     
     

      ,! CRAFTSMAN ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES NO D\BT (T5 SUFF]$ GRIEV\S MAT]IAL 
      OPPRESSION1 YET 9 SPITE ( ! RIGID L9E ( SEP>ATION DRAWN BY ! HI]>*ICAL 
      SY/EM UND] :I* HE LIV$ BETWE5 HIM & HIS FEUDAL SUP]IOR1 ! DIFF]5CE 
      BETWE5 !M WAS >BITR>Y RA!R ?AN REAL2 !RE WAS NO SU* GULF 9 LANGUAGE1 
      MANN]S1 & IDEAS AS DIVIDES A CULTIVAT$ MIDDLE-CLASS P]SON ( TO-DAY1 A 
      0G5TLEMAN10 FROM EV5 A RESPECTABLE L[]-CLASS MAN2 ! M5TAL QUALITIES 
      NECESS>Y TO AN >TI/1 9TELLIG5CE1 FANCY1 IMAG9ATION1 HAD NOT !N TO GO 
      ?R\< ! MILL ( ! COMPETITIVE M>KET1 NOR HAD ! RI* 7OR SUCCESSFUL 
      COMPETITORS7 MADE GOOD !IR CLAIM TO BE ! SOLE POSSESSORS ( M5TAL REF9EM5T4 
     
     

      ,AS TO ! CONDITIONS ( H&IWORK 9 ?OSE DAYS1 ! CRAFTS W]E DRAWN TOGE!R 
      9TO GILDS :I* 9DE$ DIVID$ ! OCCUPATIONS ( M5 RIGIDLY 5\<1 & GU>D$ 
      ! DOOR TO ?OSE OCCUPATIONS JEAL\SLY2 BUT AS \TSIDE AMONG ! GILDS !RE WAS 
      LITTLE COMPETITION 9 ! M>KETS1 W>ES BE+ MADE 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE = 
      DOME/IC CONSUMPTION1 & ONLY ! OV]PLUS ( :AT WAS WANT$ AT HOME CLOSE TO ! 
      PLACE ( PRODUCTION EV] COM+ 9TO ! M>KET OR REQUIR+ ANY ONE TO COME & GO 
      BETWE5 ! PRODUC] & CONSUM]1 SO 9SIDE ! GILDS !RE WAS BUT LITTLE 
      DIVISION ( LABOR2 A MAN OR Y\? ONCE ACCEPT$ AS AN APPR5TICE TO A CRAFT 
      LE>N$ IT FROM 5D TO 5D1 & BECAME AS A MATT] ( C\RSE ! MA/] ( IT2 & 
      9 ! E>LI] DAYS ( ! GILDS1 :5 ! MA/]S W]E SC>CELY EV5 SMALL 
      CAPITALI/S1 !RE WAS NO GRADE 9 ! CRAFT SAVE ?IS TEMPOR>Y ONE4 ,LAT] ON1 
      :5 ! MA/]S BECAME CAPITALI/S 9 A SORT1 & ! APPR5TICES W]E1 LIKE ! 
      MA/]S1 PRIVILEG$1 ! CLASS ( J\RNEYM5-CRAFTSM5 CAME 9TO EXI/5CE2 BUT IT 
      DOES NOT SEEM ?AT ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !M & ! >I/OCRACY ( ! GILD WAS 
      ANY?+ MORE ?AN AN >BITR>Y ONE4 ,9 %ORT1 DUR+ ALL ?IS P]IOD ! UNIT ( 
      LABOR WAS AN 9TELLIG5T MAN4 ,UND] ?IS SY/EM ( H&IWORK NO GREAT PRESSURE ( 
      SPE$ WAS PUT ON A MAN'S WORK1 BUT HE WAS ALL[$ TO C>RY IT ?R\< LEISURELY & 
      ?\<TFULLY2 IT US$ ! :OLE ( A MAN = ! PRODUCTION ( A PIECE ( GOODS1 
      & NOT SMALL PORTIONS ( MANY M52 IT DEVELOP$ ! WORKMAN'S :OLE 9TELLIG5CE 
      ACCORD+ TO HIS CAPACITY1 9/EAD ( CONC5TRAT+ HIS 5]GY ON ONE-SID$ DEAL+ 
      ) A TRIFL+ PIECE ( WORK2 9 %ORT1 IT DID NOT SUBMIT ! H& & S\L ( ! 
      WORKMAN TO ! NECESSITIES ( ! COMPETITIVE M>KET1 BUT ALL[$ !M FRE$OM = 
      DUE HUMAN DEVELOPM5T4 ,IT WAS ?IS SY/EM1 :I* HAD NOT LE>N$ ! LESSON ?AT 
      MAN WAS MADE = COMM]CE1 BUT SUPPOS$ 9 ITS SIMPLICITY ?AT COMM]CE WAS MADE 
      = MAN1 :I* PRODUC$ ! >T ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 :]E9 ! H>MONI\S 
      COOP]ATION ( FREE 9TELLIG5CE WAS C>RI$ TO ! FUR!/ PO9T :I* HAS YET 
      BE5 ATTA9$1 & :I* ALONE ( ALL >T CAN CLAIM TO BE CALL$ ,FREE4 ,! EFFECT 
      ( ?IS FRE$OM1 & ! WIDESPREAD OR RA!R UNIV]SAL S5SE ( BEAUTY TO :I* IT 
      GAVE BIR?1 BECAME OBVI\S 5\< 9 ! \TBUR/ ( ! EXPRESSION ( SPL5DID & 
      COPI\S G5IUS :I* M>KS ! ,ITALIAN ,R5AISSANCE4 ,NOR CAN IT BE D\BT$ ?AT ?IS 
      GLORI\S >T WAS ! FRUIT ( ! FIVE C5TURIES ( FREE POPUL> >T :I* PREC$$ 
      IT1 & NOT ( ! RISE ( COMM]CIALISM :I* WAS CONTEMPORANE\S ) IT2 = ! 
      GLORY ( ! ,R5AISSANCE FAD$ \T ) /RANGE RAPIDITY AS COMM]CIAL COMPETITION 
      DEVELOP$1 SO ?AT AB\T ! 5D ( ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY1 BO? 9 ! 
      9TELLECTUAL & ! DECORATIVE >TS1 ! COMMONPLACE OR BODY /ILL EXI/$1 BUT 
      ! ROMANCE OR S\L ( !M WAS GONE4 ,/EP BY /EP !Y HAD FAD$ & SICK5$ 
      BE=E ! ADVANCE ( COMM]CIALISM1 N[ SPE$ILY GA!R+ =CE ?R\<\T 
      CIVILIZATION4 ,! DOME/IC OR >*ITECTURAL >TS W]E BECOM+ 7OR BECOME7 M]E 
      TOYS = ! COMPETITIVE M>KET ?R\< :I* ALL MAT]IAL W>ES US$ BY CIVILIZ$ 
      M5 N[ HAD TO PASS4 ,COMM]CIALISM HAD BY ?IS TIME WELL-NI< DE/ROY$ ! 
      CRAFT-SY/EM ( LABOR1 9 :I*1 AS A=ESAID1 ! UNIT ( LABOR IS A FULLY 
      9/RUCT$ CRAFTSMAN1 & HAD SUPPLANT$ IT BY :AT ,I WILL ASK LEAVE TO CALL ! 
      WORK%OP-SY/EM1 :]E91 :5 COMPLETE1 DIVISION ( LABOR 9 H&IWORK IS C>RI$ 
      TO ! HI<E/ PO9T POSSIBLE1 & ! UNIT ( MANUFACTURE IS NO LONG] A MAN1 BUT 
      A GR\P ( M51 EA* MEMB] ( :I* IS DEP5D5T ON HIS FELL[S1 & IS UTT]LY 
      USELESS BY HIMSELF4 ,?IS SY/EM ( ! WORK%OP DIVISION ( LABOR WAS P]FECT$ 
      DUR+ ! EI<TE5? C5TURY BY ! EF=TS ( ! MANUFACTUR+ CLASSES1 
      /IMULAT$ BY ! DEM&S ( ! EV]-WID5+ M>KETS2 IT IS /ILL ! SY/EM 9 
      SOME ( ! SMALL] & MORE DOME/IC K9DS ( MANUFACTURE1 HOLD+ MU* ! SAME 
      PLACE AMONG US AS ! REMA9S ( ! CRAFT-SY/EM DID 9 ! DAYS :5 ?AT ( 
      ! WORK%OP WAS /ILL Y\NG4 ,UND] ?IS SY/EM1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 ALL ! ROMANCE ( 
      ! >TS DI$ \T1 BUT ! COMMONPLACE ( !M FL\RI%$ /ILL2 = ! IDEA ?AT 
      ! ESS5TIAL AIM ( MANUFACTURE IS ! MAK+ ( GOODS /ILL /RUGGL$ ) A 
      NEW] IDEA :I* HAS S9CE OBTA9$ COMPLETE VICTORY1 NAMELY1 ?AT IT IS C>RI$ ON 
      = ! SAKE ( MAK+ A PR(IT = ! MANUFACTUR] ON ! ONE H&1 & ON ! 
      O!R = ! EMPLOYM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASSES4 
     
     

      ,?IS IDEA ( COMM]CE BE+ AN 5D 9 ITSELF & NOT A MEANS M]ELY1 BE+ BUT HALF 
      DEVELOP$ 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 ! SPECIAL P]IOD ( ! WORK%OP-SY/EM1 
      SOME 9T]E/ C\LD /ILL BE TAK5 9 ?OSE DAYS 9 ! MAK+ ( W>ES4 ,! 
      CAPITALI/-MANUFACTUR] ( ! P]IOD HAD SOME PRIDE 9 TURN+ \T GOODS :I* 
      W\LD DO HIM CR$IT1 AS ! PHRASE W5T2 HE WAS NOT WILL+ :OLLY TO SACRIFICE HIS 
      PLEASURE 9 ?IS K9D TO ! IMP]I\S DEM&S ( COMM]CE2 EV5 HIS WORKMAN1 
      ?\< NO LONG] AN >TI/1 ?AT IS A FREE WORKMAN1 WAS B\ND TO HAVE SKILL 9 HIS 
      CRAFT1 LIMIT$ ?\< IT WAS TO ! SMALL FRAGM5T ( IT :I* HE HAD TO TOIL AT 
      DAY BY DAY = HIS :OLE LIFE4 
     
     

      ,BUT COMM]CE W5T ON GR[+1 /IMULAT$ /ILL MORE BY ! OP5+ UP ( NEW 
      M>KETS1 & PU%$ ON ! 9V5TION ( M51 TILL !IR +5UITY PRODUC$ ! 
      MA*9ES :I* WE HAVE N[ GOT TO LOOK UPON AS NECESSITIES ( MANUFACTURE1 & 
      :I* HAVE BR\<T AB\T A SY/EM ! V]Y OPPOSITE TO ! ANCI5T CRAFT-SY/EM2 
      ?AT SY/EM WAS FIX$ & CONS]VATIVE ( ME?ODS2 !RE WAS NO REAL DIFF]5CE 9 
      ! ME?OD ( MAK+ A PIECE ( GOODS BETWE5 ! TIME ( ,PL9Y & ! TIME ( ,SIR 
      ,?OMAS ,MORE2 ! ME?OD ( MANUFACTURE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 ! PRES5T TIME1 
      ALT]S NOT M]ELY FROM DECADE TO DECADE1 BUT FROM YE> TO YE>2 ?IS FACT HAS 
      NATURALLY HELP$ ! VICTORY ( ?IS MA*9E-SY/EM1 ! SY/EM ( ! ,FACTORY1 
      :]E ! MA*9E-LIKE WORKM5 ( ! WORK%OP P]IOD >E SUPPLANT$ BY ACTUAL 
      MA*9ES1 ( :I* ! OP]ATIVES 7AS !Y >E N[ CALL$7 >E BUT A PORTION1 & A 
      PORTION GRADUALLY DIM9I%+ BO? 9 IMPORTANCE & NUMB]S4 ,?IS SY/EM IS /ILL 
      %ORT ( ITS FULL DEVELOPM5T1 !RE=E TO A C]TA9 EXT5T ! WORK%OP-SY/EM IS 
      BE+ C>RI$ ON SIDE BY SIDE ) IT1 BUT IT IS BE+ SPE$ILY & /EADILY 
      CRU%$ \T BY IT2 & :5 ! PROCESS IS COMPLETE1 ! SKILL$ WORKMAN WILL NO 
      LONG] EXI/1 & HIS PLACE WILL BE FILL$ BY MA*9ES DIRECT$ BY A FEW HI<LY 
      TRA9$ & V]Y 9TELLIG5T EXP]TS1 & T5D$ BY A MULTITUDE ( PEOPLE1 M51 
      WOM51 & *ILDR51 ( :OM NEI!R SKILL NOR 9TELLIG5CE IS REQUIR$4 
     
     

      ,?IS SY/EM1 ,I REPEAT1 IS AS NE> AS MAY BE ! OPPOSITE ( ?AT :I* PRODUC$ ! 
      POPUL> >T :I* L$ UP TO ?AT SPL5DID \TBUR/ ( >T 9 ! DAYS ( ! 
      ,ITALIAN ,R5AISSANCE :I* EV5 CULTIVAT$ M5 WILL SOMETIMES DEIGN TO NOTICE 
      N[ADAYS2 IT HAS !RE=E PRODUC$ ! OPPOSITE ( :AT ! OLD CRAFT-SY/EM 
      PRODUC$1 ! DEA? ( >T & NOT ITS BIR?2 9 O!R WORDS ! DEGRADATION ( ! 
      EXT]NAL SURR\ND+S ( LIFE1 OR SIMPLY & PLA9LY UNHAPP9ESS4 ,?R\< ALL 
      SOCIETY SPREADS ?AT CURSE ( UNHAPP9ESS3 FROM ! POOR WRET*ES1 ! NEWS ( :OM 
      WE MIDDLE-CLASS PEOPLE >E JU/ N[ RECEIV+ ) SU* NAIF WOND] & HORROR3 
      FROM ?OSE POOR PEOPLE :OM NATURE =CES TO /RIVE AGA9/ HOPE1 & TO EXP5D ALL 
      ! DIV9E 5]GY ( MAN 9 COMPET+ = SOME?+ LESS ?AN A DOG'S LODG+ & A 
      DOG'S FOOD1 FROM !M UP TO ! CULTIVAT$ & REF9$ P]SON1 WELL LODG$1 WELL 
      F$1 WELL CLO!D1 EXP5SIVELY $UCAT$1 BUT LACK+ ALL 9T]E/ 9 LIFE EXCEPT1 
      IT MAY BE1 ! CULTIVATION ( UNHAPP9ESS AS A F9E >T4 
     
     

      ,SOME?+ MU/ BE WRONG !N 9 >T1 OR ! HAPP9ESS ( LIFE IS SICK5+ 9 ! 
      H\SE ( CIVILIZATION4 ,:AT HAS CAUS$ ! SICKNESS8 ,MA*9E-LABOR WILL Y\ SAY8 
      ,WELL1 ,I HAVE SE5 QUOT$ A PASSAGE FROM ONE ( ! ANCI5T ,SICILIAN POETS REJOIC+ 
      9 ! FA%ION+ ( A WAT]-MILL1 & EXULT+ 9 LABOR BE+ SET FREE FROM ! 
      TOIL ( ! H&-QU]N 9 CONSEQU5CE2 & ?AT SURELY W\LD BE A TYPE ( MAN'S 
      NATURAL HOPE :5 =ESEE+ ! 9V5TION ( LABOR-SAV+ MA*9]Y AS 'TIS 
      CALL$2 NATURAL SURELY1 S9CE ?\< ,I HAVE SAID ?AT ! LABOR ( :I* >T CAN 
      =M A P>T %\LD BE ACCOMPANI$ BY PLEASURE1 SO ONE C\LD D5Y ?AT !RE IS SOME 
      NECESS>Y LABOR EV5 :I* IS NOT PLEASANT 9 ITSELF1 & PL5TY ( UNNECESS>Y 
      LABOR :I* IS M]ELY PA9FUL4 ,IF MA*9]Y HAD BE5 US$ = M9IMIZ+ SU* 
      LABOR1 ! UTMO/ +5UITY W\LD SC>CELY HAVE BE5 WA/$ ON IT2 BUT IS ?AT ! 
      CASE 9 ANY WAY8 ,LOOK R\ND ! WORLD1 & Y\ MU/ AGREE ) ,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL 9 
      HIS D\BT :E!R ALL ! MA*9]Y ( MOD]N TIMES HAS LI<T5$ ! DAILY WORK ( 
      ONE LABOR]4 ,& :Y HAVE \R NATURAL HOPES BE5 SO DISAPPO9T$8 ,SURELY BECAUSE 
      9 !SE LATT] DAYS1 9 :I* AS A MATT] ( FACT MA*9]Y HAS BE5 9V5T$1 IT 
      WAS BY NO MEANS 9V5T$ ) ! AIM ( SAV+ ! PA9 ( LABOR4 ,! PHRASE 
      LABOR-SAV+ MA*9]Y IS ELLIPTICAL1 & MEANS MA*9]Y :I* SAVES ! CO/ ( 
      LABOR1 NOT ! LABOR ITSELF1 :I* WILL BE EXP5D$ :5 SAV$ ON T5D+ O!R 
      MA*9ES4 ,= A DOCTR9E :I*1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 BEGAN TO BE ACCEPT$ UND] ! 
      WORK%OP-SY/EM1 IS N[ UNIV]SALLY RECEIV$1 EV5 ?\< WE >E YET %ORT ( ! 
      COMPLETE DEVELOPM5T ( ! SY/EM ( ! ,FACTORY4 ,BRIEFLY1 ! DOCTR9E IS ?IS1 
      ?AT ! ESS5TIAL AIM ( MANUFACTURE IS MAK+ A PR(IT2 ?AT IT IS FRIVOL\S TO 
      CONSID] :E!R ! W>ES :5 MADE WILL BE ( MORE OR LESS USE TO ! WORLD SO 
      LONG AS ANY ONE CAN BE F\ND TO BUY !M AT A PRICE :I*1 :5 ! WORKMAN 5GAG$ 
      9 MAK+ !M HAS RECEIV$ ( NECESS>IES & COM=TS AS LITTLE AS HE CAN BE GOT 
      TO TAKE1 WILL LEAVE SOME?+ OV] AS A REW>D TO ! CAPITALI/ :O HAS EMPLOY$ 
      HIM4 ,?IS DOCTR9E ( ! SOLE AIM ( MANUFACTURE 7OR 9DE$ ( LIFE7 BE+ ! 
      PR(IT ( ! CAPITALI/ & ! OCCUPATION ( ! WORKMAN1 IS HELD1 ,I SAY1 BY 
      ALMO/ EV]Y ONE2 ITS COROLL>Y IS1 ?AT LABOR IS NECESS>ILY UNLIMIT$1 & ?AT 
      TO ATTEMPT TO LIMIT IT IS NOT SO MU* FOOLI% AS WICK$1 :ATEV] MIS]Y MAY BE 
      CAUS$ TO ! COMMUNITY BY ! MANUFACTURE & SALE ( ! W>ES MADE4 
     
     

      ,IT IS ?IS SUP]/ITION ( COMM]CE BE+ AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 ( MAN MADE = 
      COMM]CE1 NOT COMM]CE = MAN1 ( :I* >T HAS SICK5$2 NOT ( ! ACCID5TAL 
      APPLIANCES :I* ?AT SUP]/ITION :5 PUT 9 PRACTICE HAS BR\<T TO ITS AID2 
      MA*9ES & RAILWAYS & ! LIKE1 :I* DO N[ V]ILY CONTROL US ALL1 MI<T HAVE 
      BE5 CONTROLL$ BY US1 IF WE HAD NOT BE5 RESOLUTE TO SEEK PR(IT & OCCUPATION AT 
      ! CO/ ( E/ABLI%+ = A TIME ?AT CORRUPT & DEGRAD+ AN>*Y :I* HAS 
      USURP$ ! NAME ( ,SOCIETY4 ,IT IS MY BUS9ESS H]E TO-NI<T & EV]Y:]E TO 
      FO/] Y\R DISCONT5T ) ?AT AN>*Y & ITS VISIBLE RESULTS2 = 9DE$ ,I 
      ?9K IT W\LD BE AN 9SULT TO Y\ TO SUPPOSE ?AT Y\ >E CONT5T$ ) ! /ATE 
      ( ?+S AS !Y >E2 CONT5T$ TO SEE ALL BEAUTY VANI% FROM \R BEAUTIFUL CITY1 
      = 9/ANCE2 CONT5T$ ) ! SQUALOR ( ! BLACK C\NTRY1 ) ! HIDE\SNESS 
      ( ,LONDON1 ! W5 ( ALL W5S1 AS ,COBBETT CALL$ IT2 CONT5T$ ) ! UGL9ESS 
      & BAS5ESS :I* EV]Y:]E SURR\ND ! LIFE ( CIVILIZ$ MAN2 CONT5T$1 
      LA/LY1 TO BE LIV+ ABOVE ?AT UNUTT]ABLE & SICK5+ MIS]Y ( :I* A FEW 
      DETAILS >E ONCE AGA9 REA*+ US AS IF FROM SOME DI/ANT UNHAPPY C\NTRY1 ( 
      :I* WE C\LD SC>CELY EXPECT TO HE>1 BUT :I* ,I TELL Y\ IS ! NECESS>Y 
      F\NDATION ON :I* \R SOCIETY1 \R AN>*Y1 RE/S4 
     
     

      ,NEI!R CAN ,I D\BT ?AT EV]Y ONE H]E HAS =M$ SOME IDEA ( REM$IES = !SE 
      DEFECTS 9 \R CIVILIZATION1 AS WE EUPHEMI/ICALLY CALL !M1 EV5 ?\< ! IDEAS 
      BE VAGUE2 ALSO ,I KN[ ?AT Y\ >E FAMILI> ) ! PRECEPTS ( ! SY/EM ( 
      ECONOMY1 ?AT RELIGION1 ,I MAY SAY1 :I* HAS SUPPLANT$ ! PRECEPTS ( ! OLD 
      RELIGIONS ON ! DUTY & BLESS+ ( GIV+ TO ! NE$Y2 Y\ UND]/& ( C\RSE 
      ?AT ?\< A FRI5D MAY GIVE TO A FRI5D & BO? GIV] & RECEIV] BE BETT] = 
      ! GIFT1 YET A RI* MAN CANNOT GIVE TO A POOR ONE )\T BO? BE+ ! WORSE = 
      IT2 ,I SUPPOSE BECAUSE !Y >E NOT FRI5DS4 ,& AMID ALL ?IS ,I FEEL SURE1 ,I SAY1 
      ?AT Y\ ALL ( Y\ HAVE SOME IDEAL ( A /ATE ( ?+S BETT] ?AN ?AT AMID 
      :I* WE LIVE1 SOME?+1 ,I MEAN TO SAY1 MORE ?AN ! APPLICATION ( TEMPOR>Y 
      PALLIATIVES TO ! 5DUR+ DEFECTS ( \R CIVILIZATION4 
     
     

      ,N[ IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! IDEAL ( BETT] TIMES :I* ! MORE ADVANC$ 9 
      OP9ION ( \R [N CLASS HAVE =M$ AS POSSIBLE & HOPEFUL IS SOME?+ LIKE 
      ?IS4 ,!RE IS TO BE A L>GE CLASS ( 9DU/RI\S PEOPLE NOT TOO MU* REF9$ 7OR 
      !Y C\LD NOT DO ! R\< WORK WANT$ ( !M71 :O >E TO LIVE 9 COM=T 7NOT1 
      H[EV]1 MEAN+ \R MIDDLE-CLASS COM=T71 & RECEIVE A K9D ( $UCATION 7IF 
      !Y CAN71 & NOT BE OV]WORK$2 ?AT IS1 NOT OV]WORK$ = A WORK+ MAN2 HIS 
      LI<T DAY'S WORK W\LD BE RA!R HEAVY = ! REF9$ CLASSES4 ,?IS CLASS IS TO BE 
      ! BASIS ( SOCIETY1 & ITS EXI/5CE WILL LEAVE ! CONSCI5CES ( ! REF9$ 
      CLASS QUITE FREE & AT RE/4 ,FROM ?IS REF9$ CLASS WILL COME ! DIRECTORS OR 
      CAPTA9S ( LABOR 79 O!R WORDS ! USUR]S71 ! DIRECTORS ( PEOPLE'S 
      CONSCI5CES RELIGI\S & LIT]>Y 7CL]GY1 PHILOSOPH]S1 NEWSPAP]-WRIT]S71 & 
      LA/LY1 IF ?AT BE ?\<T ( AT ALL1 ! DIRECTORS ( >T2 !SE TWO CLASSES ) 
      OR )\T A ?IRD1 ! FUNCTIONS ( :I* >E 9DEF9ITE1 WILL LIVE TOGE!R ) 
      ! GREATE/ GOODWILL1 ! UPP] HELP+ ! L[] )\T S5SE ( CONDESC5SION 
      ON ONE SIDE OR HUMILIATION ON ! O!R2 ! L[] >E TO BE P]FECTLY CONT5T ) 
      !IR POSITION1 & !RE IS TO BE NO GRA9 ( ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ! CLASSES3 
      AL?\< 7EV5 ,UTOPIANISM ( ?IS K9D BE+ UNABLE TO %AKE (F ! IDEA ( ! 
      NECESSITY ( COMPETITION BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS7 ! L[] CLASS1 BLESS$ & 
      RESPECT$ AS IT IS TO BE1 WILL HAVE MOREOV] ! ADDITIONAL BLESS+ ( HOPE HELD 
      \T TO IT2 ! HOPE ( EA* MAN RIS+ 9TO ! UPP] CLASS1 & LEAV+ ! 
      *RYSALIS ( LABOR BEH9D HIM2 NOR1 IF ?AT MATT]S1 IS ! L[] CLASS TO LACK 
      DUE POLITICAL OR P>LIAM5T>Y P[]2 ALL M5 7OR NE>LY ALL7 BE+ EQUAL BE=E 
      ! BALLOT-BOX1 EXCEPT SO F> AS !Y MAY BE B\<T LIKE O!R ?+S4 ,?AT SEEMS 
      TO ME TO BE ! MIDDLE-CLASS LIB]AL IDEAL ( RE=M$ SOCIETY2 ALL ! WORLD 
      TURN$ B\RGEOIS1 BIG & LITTLE1 PEACE UND] ! RULE ( COMPETITIVE COMM]CE1 
      EASE ( M9D & A GOOD CONSCI5CE TO ALL & SEV]AL UND] ! RULE ( ! DEVIL 
      TAKE ! H9DMO/4 
     
     

      ,WELL1 = MY P>T ,I HAVE NO?+1 POSITIVELY NO?+1 TO SAY AGA9/ IT IF IT CAN 
      BE BR\<T AB\T4 ,RELIGION1 MORALITY1 >T1 LIT]ATURE1 SCI5CE1 MI<T = ALL ,I 
      KN[ FL\RI% UND] IT & MAKE ! WORLD A HEAV54 ,BUT HAVE WE NOT TRI$ ITS 
      SOME:AT ALREADY8 ,>E NOT MANY PEOPLE JUBILANT :5EV] !Y /& ON A PUBLIC 
      PLAT=M OV] ! SPE$Y ADV5T ( ?IS GOOD TIME8 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! 
      CONT9U$ & ADVANC+ PROSP]ITY ( ! WORK+ CLASSES IS ALMO/ ALWAYS NOT$ 
      :5 A POLITICAL MAN ADDRESSES AN AUDI5CE ON G5]AL SUBJECTS1 :5 HE =GETS 
      P>TY POLITICS2 NOR SELDOM :5 HE REMEMB]S !M MO/4 ,NOR DO ,I WI% TO TAKE AWAY 
      HONOR :]E HONOR IS DUE2 ,I BELIEVE !RE >E MANY PEOPLE :O DEEPLY BELIEVE 9 
      ! REALIZATION ( ?IS IDEAL1 :ILE !Y >E NOT IGNORANT ( H[ LAM5TABLY F> 
      ?+S >E FROM IT AT PRES5T2 ,I KN[ ?AT !RE >E M5 :O SACRIFICE TIME1 MONEY1 
      PLEASURE1 !IR [N PREJUDICES EV51 TO BR+ IT AB\T2 M5 :O HATE /RIFE & 
      LOVE PEACE1 M5 H>D WORK+1 K9DLY1 UNAMBITI\S4 ,:AT HAVE !Y DONE8 ,H[ MU* 
      NE>] >E !Y TO ! IDEAL ( ! B\RGEOIS COMMONWEAL? ?AN !Y W]E AT ! 
      TIME ( ! ,RE=M ,BILL1 OR ! TIME ( ! REPEAL ( ! ,CORN ,LAWS8 ,WELL1 ?US 
      MU* NE>] TO A GREAT *ANGE P]HAPS1 ?AT !RE IS A *9K 9 ! >MOR ( 
      SELF-SATISFACTION2 A SUSPICION ?AT P]HAPS IT IS NOT ! ACCID5TS ( ! SY/EM 
      ( COMPETITIVE COMM]CE :I* HAVE TO BE ABOLI%$1 BUT ! SY/EM ITSELF2 BUT AS 
      TO APPROA*+ ! IDEAL ( ?AT SY/EM RE=M$ 9TO HUMANITY & DEC5CY1 !Y 
      >E AB\T SO MU* NE>] TO IT AS A MAN IS NE>] TO ! MOON :5 HE /&S ON A 
      HAYRICK4 ,I DON'T WANT TO MAKE TOO MU* ( ! MATT] ( MONEY-WAGES AP>T FROM ! 
      <A/LY CONTRA/ BETWE5 ! RI* & ! POOR :I* IS ! ESS5CE ( \R SY/EM2 
      YET REMEMB] ?AT POV]TY DRIV5 BEL[ A C]TA9 LIMIT MEANS DEGRADATION & 
      SLAV]Y PURE & SIMPLE4 ,N[ ,I HAVE SE5 A /ATEM5T MADE BY ONE ( ! HOPEFUL M5 
      ( ! RI* MIDDLE CLASS ?AT ! AV]AGE YE>LY 9COME ( AN ,5GLI% WORK+ MAN'S 
      H\SEHOLD IS ONE HUNDR$ P\NDS4 ,I DON'T BELIEVE ! FIGURES BECAUSE ,I AM SURE !Y 
      >E SWOLL5 BY WAGES PAID 9 TIMES ( 9FLATION1 & IGNORE ! PREC>I\S POSITION 
      ( MO/ WORK+ M52 BUT QUITE AP>T FROM ?AT1 DO NOT1 ,I BEG Y\1 TAKE REFUGE 
      BEH9D AV]AGES2 = AT LEA/ !Y >E SWELL$ BY ! HI< WAGES PAID TO SPECIAL 
      CLASSES ( WORKM5 9 SPECIAL PLACES1 & 9 ! MANUFACTUR+ DI/RICTS BY ! 
      MO!RS ( FAMILIES WORK+ 9 FACTORIES1 TO MY M9D A MO/ ABOM9ABLE CU/OM1 & 
      BY O!R MATT]S ( ! LIKE K9D1 :I* ! AV]AGE-MAK]S LEAVE Y\ TO F9D \T 
      = Y\RSELVES4 ,BUT EV5 ?AT IS NOT ! PO9T ( ! MATT]4 ,= MY P>T ! 
      5ORM\S AV]AGE ( ONE HUNDR$ P\NDS A YE> TO SO MANY MILLIONS ( TOIL+ 
      PEOPLE1 :ILE MANY ?\S&S :O DO NOT TOIL ?9K !MSELVES POOR ) T5 TIMES 
      ! 9COME1 DOES NOT COM=T ME = ! FACT ( A ?\S& /RONG M5 WAIT+ AT 
      ! DOCK GATES D[N AT ,POPL>1 ! GREAT] P>T ( A WORK+-DAY1 ON ! *ANCE ( 
      SOME ( !M BE+ TAK5 ON AT WRET*$ WAGES1 OR = ! ORD9>Y WAGE ( A F>M 
      LABOR] OV] A GREAT P>T ( ,5GL& BE+ T5 %ILL+S P] WEEK1 & ?AT 
      CONSID]$ RU9\S BY ! F>M]S ALSO3 IF AV]AGES WILL CONT5T US :ILE SU* 
      ?+S AS ?IS GO ON1 :Y /OP AT ! WORK+ CLASSES8 ,:Y NOT TAKE 9 EV]YBODY1 
      FROM ! ,DUKE ( ,WE/M9/] D[NW>D1 & !N RAISE A HYMN ( REJOIC+ OV] ! 
      9COME ( ! ,5GLI% PEOPLE8 
     
     

      ,I SAY LET US BE DONE ) AV]AGES & LOOK AT LIVES & !IR SUFF]+S1 & TRY 
      TO REALIZE !M3 = 9DE$ :AT ,I WANT Y\ TO NOTE IS ?IS2 ?AT ?\< Y\ MAY 
      REALIZE A P>T ( ! B\RGEOIS OR RADICAL IDEAL1 !RE IS & = EV] WILL BE 
      UND] ! COMPETITIVE SY/EM A SKELETON 9 ! CUPBO>D4 ,WE MAY1 NAY1 WE HAVE 
      MANAG$ TO CREATE A GREAT MASS ( MIDDL+ WELL-TO-DO PEOPLE1 HOV]+ ON ! V]GE 
      ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 PROSP]\S >TISANS1 SMALL TRADESM51 & ! LIKE2 & ,I 
      MU/ SAY P>5!TICALLY ?AT 9 SPITE ( ALL !IR 9NATE GOOD QUALITIES ! CLASS 
      DOES LITTLE CR$IT TO \R CIVILIZATION2 = ?\< !Y LIVE 9 A K9D ( SW9I% 
      COM=T AS F> AS FOOD IS CONC]N$1 !Y >E ILL H\S$1 ILL $UCAT$1 CRU%$ BY 
      GROVEL+ SUP]/ITIONS1 LACK+ REASONABLE PLEASURES1 UTT]LY DEVOID ( ANY S5SE 
      ( BEAUTY4 ,BUT LET ?AT PASS4 ,= AU<T ,I KN[ WE MAY V]Y MU* 9CREASE ! 
      PROPORTIONATE NUMB]S ( ?IS CLASS )\T MAK+ ANY S]I\S *ANGE 9 \R 
      SY/EM1 BUT UND] ALL ?AT /ILL LIES & WILL LIE ANO!R CLASS :I* WE %ALL 
      NEV] GET RID ( AS LONG AS WE >E UND] ! TYRANNY ( ! DEVIL TAKE ! 
      H9DMO/2 ?AT CLASS IS ! ,CLASS ( ,VICTIMS4 ,N[ ABOVE ALL ?+S ,I WANT US NOT TO 
      =GET !M 7AS 9DE$ WE >E NOT LIKELY TO = SOME WEEKS TO COME71 OR TO CONSOLE 
      \RSELVES BY AV]AGES = ! FACT ?AT ! RI*ES ( ! RI* & ! COM=T ( 
      ! WELL-TO-DO >E F\ND$ ON ?AT T]RIBLE MASS ( UNDIGNIFI$1 UNREW>D$1 
      USELESS MIS]Y1 CONC]N+ :I* WE HAVE ( LATE BE5 HE>+ A LITTLE1 A V]Y 
      LITTLE2 AFT] ALL WE DO KN[ ?AT IS A FACT1 & WE CAN ONLY CONSOLE \RSELVES BY 
      HOP+ ?AT WE MAY1 IF WE >E WAT*FUL & DILIG5T 7:I* WE V]Y SELDOM >E71 WE 
      MAY GREATLY DIM9I% ! AM\NT ( IT4 ,I ASK Y\1 IS SU* A HOPE AS ?AT WOR?Y ( 
      \R BOA/$ CIVILIZATION ) ITS P]FECT$ CRE$S1 ITS HI< MORALITY1 ITS S\ND+ 
      POLITICAL MAXIMS8 ,WILL Y\ ?9K IT MON/R\S ?AT SOME PEOPLE HAVE CONCEIV$ 
      ANO!R HOPE1 & SEE BE=E !M ! IDEAL ( A SOCIETY 9 :I* !RE %\LD BE 
      NO CLASSES P]MAN5TLY DEGRAD$ = ! B5EFIT ( ! COMMONWEAL8 ,= ONE ?+ ,I 
      W\LD HAVE Y\ REMEMB]1 ?AT ?IS L[E/ CLASS ( UTT] POV]TY LIES LIKE A GULF 
      BE=E ! :OLE ( ! WORK+ CLASSES1 :O 9 SPITE ( ALL AV]AGES LIVE A 
      PREC>I\S LIFE2 ! FAILURE 9 ! GAME ( LIFE :I* 5TAILS ON A RI* MAN AN 
      UNAMBITI\S RETIREM5T1 & ON A WELL-TO-DO MAN A LIFE ( DEP5D5CE & LABORI\S 
      %IFTS1 DRAGS A WORK+ MAN D[N 9TO ?AT HELL ( IRR$EEMABLE DEGRADATION4 ,I HOPE 
      !RE >E BUT FEW1 AT LEA/ H]E1 :O CAN COM=T !IR CONSCI5CES BY SAY+ ?AT 
      ! WORK+ CLASSES BR+ ?IS DEGRADATION ON !MSELVES BY !IR [N UN?RIFT & 
      RECKLESSNESS4 ,SOME DO1 NO D\BT1 /OIC PHILOSOPH]S ( ! HI<] TYPE NOT BE+ 
      MU* COMMON] AMONG DAY-LABOR]S ?AN AMONG ! WELL-TO-DO & RI*2 BUT WE KN[ 
      V]Y WELL H[ SORELY ! MASS ( ! POOR /RIVE1 PRACTIC+ SU* ?RIFT AS IS 9 
      ITSELF A DEGRADATION TO MAN1 9 :OSE V]Y NATURE IT IS TO LOVE MIR? & PLEASURE1 
      & H[ 9 SPITE ( ALL ?AT !Y FALL 9TO ! GULF4 ,:AT6 >E WE GO+ TO D5Y 
      ?AT :5 WE SEE ALL R\ND US 9 \R [N CLASS CASES ( M5 FAIL+ 9 LIFE BY NO 
      FAULT ( !IR [N2 NAY1 MANY ( ! FAILURES WOR?I] & MORE USEFUL ?AN ?OSE 
      ?AT SUCCE$3 AS MI<T 9DE$ BE LOOK$ = 9 ! /ATE ( W> :I* WE CALL ! 
      SY/EM ( UNLIMIT$ COMPETITION1 :]E ! BE/ CAMPAIGN+-LUGGAGE A MAN CAN C>RY 
      IS A H>D HE>T & NO SCRUPLES8 ,= 9DE$ ! FULFILLM5T ( ?AT LIB]AL IDEAL ( 
      ! RE=M ( \R PRES5T SY/EM 9TO A /ATE ( MOD]ATE CLASS SUPREMACY IS 
      IMPOSSIBLE1 BECAUSE ?AT SY/EM IS AFT] ALL NO?+ BUT A CONT9U\S IMPLACABLE 
      W>2 ! W> ONCE 5D$1 COMM]CE1 AS WE N[ UND]/& ! WORD1 COMES TO AN 5D1 
      & ! M\NTA9S ( W>ES :I* >E EI!R USELESS 9 !MSELVES OR ONLY USEFUL TO 
      SLAVES & SLAVE-[N]S >E NO LONG] MADE1 & ONCE AGA9 >T WILL BE US$ TO 
      DET]M9E :AT ?+S >E USEFUL & :AT USELESS TO BE MADE2 S9CE NO?+ %\LD 
      BE MADE :I* DOES NOT GIVE PLEASURE TO ! MAK] & ! US]1 & ?AT PLEASURE 
      ( MAK+ MU/ PRODUCE >T 9 ! H&S ( ! WORKMAN4 ,SO WILL >T BE US$ TO 
      DISCRIM9ATE BETWE5 ! WA/E & ! USEFULNESS ( LABOR2 :]EAS AT PRES5T ! 
      WA/E ( LABOR IS1 AS ,I HAVE SAID ABOVE1 A MATT] NEV] CONSID]$ AT ALL2 SO LONG 
      AS A MAN TOILS HE IS SUPPOS$ TO BE USEFUL1 NO MATT] :AT HE TOILS AT4 
     
     

      ,I TELL Y\ ! V]Y ESS5CE ( COMPETITIVE COMM]CE IS WA/E2 ! WA/E ?AT COMES 
      ( ! AN>*Y ( W>4 ,DO NOT BE DECEIV$ BY ! \TSIDE APPE>ANCE ( ORD] 9 \R 
      PLUTOCRATIC SOCIETY4 ,IT F>ES ) IT AS IT DOES ) ! OLD] =MS ( W>1 ?AT 
      !RE IS AN \TSIDE LOOK ( QUIET WOND]FUL ORD] AB\T IT2 H[ NEAT & COM=T+ 
      ! /EADY M>* ( ! REGIM5T2 H[ QUIET & RESPECTABLE ! S]GEANTS LOOK2 H[ 
      CLEAN ! POLI%$ CANNON2 NEAT AS A NEW P9 >E ! /OREH\SES ( MURD]2 ! 
      BOOKS ( ADJUTANT & S]GEANT AS 9NOC5T-LOOK+ AS MAY BE2 NAY1 ! V]Y ORD]S 
      = DE/RUCTION & PLUND] >E GIV5 ) A QUIET PRECISION :I* SEEMS ! V]Y 
      TOK5 ( A GOOD CONSCI5CE2 ?IS IS ! MASK ?AT LIES BE=E ! RU9$ CORNFIELD 
      & ! BURN+ COTTAGE1 ! MANGL$ BODIES1 ! UNTIMELY DEA? ( WOR?Y M51 ! 
      DESOLAT$ HOME4 ,ALL ?IS1 ! RESULTS ( ! ORD] & SOBRIETY :I* IS ! FACE 
      :I* CIVILIZ$ SOLDI]+ TURNS T[>DS US /AY-AT-HOMES1 WE HAVE BE5 TOLD (T5 
      & ELOQU5TLY 5\< TO CONSID]2 (T5 5\< WE HAVE BE5 %[N ! WRONG SIDE 
      ( ! GLORIES ( W>1 NOR CAN WE BE %[N IT TOO (T5 OR TOO ELOQU5TLY4 ,YET ,I 
      SAY EV5 SU* A MASK IS WORN BY COMPETITIVE COMM]CE1 ) ITS RESPECTABLE PRIM 
      ORD]1 ITS TALK ( PEACE & ! BLESS+S ( 9T]COMMUNICATION ( C\NTRIES & 
      ! LIKE2 & ALL ! :ILE ITS :OLE 5]GY1 ITS :OLE ORGANIZ$ PRECISION IS 
      EMPLOY$ 9 ONE ?+1 ! WR5*+ ! MEANS ( LIV+ FROM O!RS2 :ILE \TSIDE 
      ?AT EV]Y?+ MU/ DO AS IT MAY1 :OEV] IS ! WORSE OR ! BETT] = IT2 AS 9 
      ! W> ( FIRE & /EEL1 ALL O!R AIMS MU/ BE CRU%$ \T BE=E ?AT ONE 
      OBJECT4 ,IT IS WORSE ?AN ! OLD] W> 9 ONE RESPECT AT LEA/1 ?AT :]EAS ?AT 
      WAS 9T]MITT5T1 ?IS IS CONT9U\S & UNRE/+1 & ITS LEAD]S & CAPTA9S 
      >E NEV] TIR$ ( DECL>+ ?AT IT MU/ LA/ AS LONG AS ! WORLD1 & IS ! 
      5D-ALL & BE-ALL ( ! CREATION ( MAN ( HIS HOME4 ,( SU* ! WORDS >E SAID3 
     
     

      ,= !M ALONE DO SEE! 
     
     

      ,A ?\S& M5 9 TR\BLES WIDE & D>K2 
     
     

      ,HALF IGNORANT !Y TURN AN EASY :EEL 
     
     

      ,?AT SETS %>P RACKS AT WORK TO P9* & PEEL4 
     
     

      ,:AT CAN OV]?R[ ?IS T]RIBLE ORGANIZATION SO /RONG 9 ITSELF1 SO ROOT$ 9 ! 
      SELF-9T]E/1 /UPIDITY1 & C[>DICE ( /R5U\S N>R[-M9D$ M52 SO /RONG 
      9 ITSELF & SO MU* =TIFI$ AGA9/ ATTACK BY ! SURR\ND+ AN>*Y :I* IT 
      HAS BR$8 ,NO?+ BUT DISCONT5T ) ?AT AN>*Y1 & AN ORD] :I* 9 ITS TURN 
      WILL >ISE FROM IT1 NAY1 IS >IS+ FROM IT2 AN ORD] ONCE A P>T ( ! 9T]NAL 
      ORGANIZATION ( ?AT :I* IT IS DOOM$ TO DE/ROY4 ,= ! FULL] DEVELOPM5T ( 
      9DU/RIALISM FROM ! ANCI5T CRAFTS ?R\< ! WORK%OP-SY/EM 9TO ! SY/EM 
      ( ! FACTORY & MA*9E1 :ILE IT HAS TAK5 FROM ! WORKM5 ALL PLEASURE 9 
      !IR LABOR1 OR HOPE ( DI/9CTION & EXCELL5CE 9 IT1 HAS WELD$ !M 9TO A 
      GREAT CLASS1 & HAS BY ITS V]Y OPPRESSION & COMPULSION ( ! MONOTONY ( LIFE 
      DRIV5 !M 9TO FEEL+ ! SOLID>ITY ( !IR 9T]E/S & ! ANTAGONISM ( 
      ?OSE 9T]E/S TO ?OSE ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS2 !Y >E ALL ?R\< CIVILIZATION 
      FEEL+ ! NECESSITY ( !IR RIS+ AS A CLASS4 ,AS ,I HAVE SAID1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE 
      = !M TO COALESCE ) ! MIDDLE CLASSES TO PRODUCE ! UNIV]SAL REIGN ( 
      MOD]ATE B\RGEOIS SOCIETY :I* SOME HAVE DREAM$ (2 BECAUSE H[EV] MANY ( !M 
      MAY RISE \T ( !IR CLASS1 !SE BECOME AT ONCE P>T ( ! MIDDLE CLASS1 [N]S 
      ( CAPITAL1 EV5 ?\< IT BE 9 A SMALL WAY1 & EXPLOIT]S ( LABOR2 & !RE 
      IS /ILL LEFT BEH9D A L[] CLASS :I* 9 ITS [N TURN DRAGS D[N TO IT ! 
      UNSUCCESSFUL 9 ! /RUGGLE2 A PROCESS :I* IS BE+ ACCEL]AT$ 9 !SE LATT] 
      DAYS BY ! RAPID GR[? ( ! GREAT FACTORIES & /ORES1 :I* >E EXT+UI%+ 
      ! REMA9S ( ! SMALL WORK%OPS S]V$ BY M5 :O MAY HOPE TO BECOME SMALL 
      MA/]S1 & ALSO ! SMALL] ( ! TRADESMAN CLASS4 ,?US !N1 FEEL+ ?AT IT IS 
      IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO RISE AS A CLASS1 :ILE COMPETITION NATURALLY1 & AS A 
      NECESSITY = ITS EXI/5CE1 KEEPS !M D[N1 !Y HAVE BEGUN TO LOOK TO 
      ASSOCIATION AS !IR NATURAL T5D5CY1 JU/ AS COMPETITION IS LOOK$ TO BY ! 
      CAPITALI/S2 9 !M ! HOPE HAS >IS51 IF NO:]E ELSE1 ( F9ALLY MAK+ AN 5D 
      ( CLASS DEGRADATION4 
     
     

      ,IT IS 9 ! BELIEF ?AT ?IS HOPE IS SPREAD+ TO ! MIDDLE CLASSES ?AT ,I /& 
      BE=E Y\ N[1 PLEAD+ = ITS ACCEPTANCE BY Y\1 9 ! C]TA9TY ?AT 9 ITS 
      FULFILLM5T ALONE LIES ! O!R HOPE = ! NEW BIR? ( ,>T & ! ATTA9M5T BY 
      ! MIDDLE CLASSES ( TRUE REF9EM5T1 ! LACK ( :I* AT PRES5T IS SO 
      GRIEV\SLY BETOK5$ BY ! SORDIDNESS & BAS5ESS ( ALL ! EXT]NAL 
      SURR\ND+S ( \R LIVES1 EV5 ?OSE ( US :O >E RI*4 ,I KN[ !RE >E SOME TO 
      :OM ?IS POSSIBILITY ( ! GETT+ RID ( CLASS DEGRADATION MAY COME1 NOT AS A 
      HOPE1 BUT AS A FE>4 ,!SE MAY COM=T !MSELVES BY ?9K+ ?AT ?IS ,SOCIALI/ 
      MATT] IS A HOLL[ SC>E1 9 ,5GL& AT LEA/2 ?AT ! PROLET>IAT HAVE NO HOPE1 
      & !RE=E WILL LIE QUIET 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 :]E ! RAPID & NE>LY COMPLETE 
      DEVELOPM5T ( COMM]CIALISM HAS CRU%$ ! P[] ( COMB9ATION \T ( ! L[] 
      CLASSES2 :]E ! V]Y COMB9ATIONS1 ! ,TRADES ,UNIONS1 F\ND$ = ! 
      ADVANCEM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASS AS A CLASS1 HAVE ALREADY BECOME CONS]VATIVE & 
      OB/RUCTIVE BODIES1 WIELD$ BY ! MIDDLE-CLASS POLITICIANS = P>TY PURPOSES2 
      :]E ! PROPORTION ( ! T[N & MANUFACTUR+ DI/RICTS TO ! C\NTRY IS SO 
      GREAT ?AT ! 9HABITANTS1 NO LONG] RECRUIT$ BY ! PEASANTRY BUT BECOME 
      T[NSM5 BR$ ( T[NSM51 >E YE>LY DET]IORAT+ 9 PHYSIQUE2 :]E LA/LY 
      $UCATION IS SO BACKW>D4 
     
     

      ,IT MAY BE ?AT 9 ,5GL& ! MASS ( ! WORK+ CLASSES HAS NO HOPE2 ?AT IT WILL 
      NOT BE H>D TO KEEP !M D[N = A :ILE1 POSSIBLY A LONG :ILE4 ,! HOPE ?AT 
      ?IS MAY BE SO ,I WILL SAY PLA9LY IS A DA/>D'S HOPE1 = IT IS F\ND$ ON ! 
      *ANCE ( !IR DEGRADATION4 ,I SAY SU* AN EXPECTATION IS ?AT ( SLAVE-HOLD]S OR 
      ! HANG]S-ON ( SLAVE-HOLD]S4 ,I BELIEVE1 H[EV]1 ?AT HOPE IS GR[+ AMONG ! 
      WORK+ CLASSES EV5 9 ,5GL&2 AT ANY RATE Y\ MAY BE SURE ( ONE ?+1 ?AT 
      !RE IS AT LEA/ DISCONT5T4 ,CAN ANY ( US D\BT ?AT1 S9CE !RE IS UNJU/ 
      SUFF]+8 ,OR :I* ( US W\LD BE CONT5T$ ) T5 %ILL+S A WEEK TO KEEP \R 
      H\SEHOLDS )1 OR TO DWELL 9 UNUTT]ABLE FIL? & HAVE TO PAY ! PRICE ( GOOD 
      LODG+ = IT8 ,DO Y\ D\BT ?AT IF WE HAD ANY TIME = IT AMID \R /RUGGLE TO 
      LIVE WE %\LD LOOK 9TO ! TITLE ( ?OSE :O KEPT US !RE1 !MSELVES RI* & 
      COM=TABLE1 UND] ! PRETEXT ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO SOCIETY8 ,I TELL Y\ !RE 
      IS PL5TY ( DISCONT5T1 & ,I CALL ON ALL ?OSE :O ?9K !RE IS SOME?+ 
      BETT] ?AN MAK+ MONEY = ! SAKE ( MAK+ IT TO HELP 9 $UCAT+ ?AT 
      DISCONT5T 9TO HOPE1 ?AT IS 9TO ! DEM& = ! NEW BIR? ( SOCIETY2 & ,I 
      DO ?IS NOT BECAUSE ,I AM AFRAID ( IT1 BUT BECAUSE ,I MYSELF AM DISCONT5T$ & 
      LONG = JU/ICE4 
     
     

      ,YET1 IF ANY ( Y\ >E AFRAID ( ! DISCONT5T :I* IS ABROAD1 9 ITS PRES5T 
      %APE1 ,I CANNOT SAY ?AT Y\ HAVE NO REASON TO BE4 ,I AM REPRES5T+ RECON/RUCTIVE 
      ,SOCIALISM BE=E Y\2 BUT !RE >E O!R PEOPLE :O CALL !MSELVES ,SOCIALI/S 
      :OSE AIM 9 NOT RECON/RUCTION1 BUT DE/RUCTION2 PEOPLE :O ?9K ?AT ! PRES5T 
      /ATE ( ?+S IS HORRIBLE & UNBE>ABLE 7AS 9 V]Y TRU? IT IS71 & ?AT !RE 
      IS NO?+ = IT BUT TO %AKE SOCIETY BY CON/ANT BL[S GIV5 AT ANY SACRIFICE1 SO 
      ?AT IT MAY AT LA/ TOTT] & FALL4 ,MAY IT NOT BE WOR? :ILE1 ?9K Y\1 TO 
      COMBAT SU* A DOCTR9E BY SUPPLY+ DISCONT5T ) HOPE ( *ANGE ?AT 9VOLVES 
      RECON/RUCTION8 ,MEAN:ILE1 BE SURE ?AT1 ?\< ! DAY ( *ANGE MAY BE LONG 
      DELAY$1 IT WILL COME AT LA/4 ,! MIDDLE CLASSES WILL ONE DAY BECOME CONSCI\S ( 
      ! DISCONT5T ( ! PROLET>IAT2 BE=E ?AT SOME WILL HAVE R5\NC$ !IR CLASS 
      & CA/ 9 !IR LOT ) ! WORK+ M51 9FLU5C$ BY LOVE ( JU/ICE OR 
      9SI<T 9TO FACTS4 ,= ! RE/1 !Y WILL1 :5 !IR CONSCI5CE IS AWAK5$1 
      HAVE TWO *OICES BE=E !M2 !Y MU/ EI!R CA/ ASIDE !IR MORALITY1 ( :I* 
      ?\< ?REE P>TS >E CANT1 ! O!R IS S9C]E1 OR !Y MU/ GIVE WAY4 ,9 EI!R 
      CASE ,I DO BELIEVE ?AT ! *ANGE WILL COME1 & ?AT NO?+ WILL S]I\SLY RET>D 
      ?AT NEW BIR?2 YET ,I WELL KN[ ?AT ! MIDDLE CLASS MAY DO MU* TO GIVE A 
      PEACEABLE OR A VIOL5T *>ACT] TO ! $UCATION ( DISCONT5T :I* MU/ PREC$E 
      IT4 ,H9D] IT1 & :O KN[S :AT VIOL5CE Y\ MAY BE DRIV5 9TO1 EV5 TO ! 
      R5UNCIATION ( ! MORALITY ( :I* WE MIDDLE-CLASS M5 >E SO PR\D2 ADVANCE IT1 
      /RIVE S+LE-HE>T$LY ?AT TRU? MAY PREVAIL1 & :AT NE$ Y\ FE>8 ,AT ANY RATE 
      NOT Y\R [N VIOL5CE1 NOT Y\R [N TYRANNY8 
     
     

      ,AGA9 ,I SAY ?+S HAVE GONE TOO F>1 & ! PRET5SE AT LEA/ ( A LOVE ( 
      JU/ICE IS TOO COMMON AMONG US1 = ! MIDDLE CLASSES TO ATTEMPT TO KEEP ! 
      PROLET>IAT 9 ITS CONDITION ( SLAV]Y TO CAPITAL1 AS SOON AS !Y /IR S]I\SLY 
      9 ! MATT]1 EXCEPT AT ! CO/ ( COMPLETE DEGRADATION TO !MSELVES1 ! MIDDLE 
      CLASS1 :ATEV] ELSE MAY HAPP54 ,I CANNOT HELP HOP+ ?AT !RE >E SOME H]E :O 
      >E ALREADY 9 DREAD ( ! %AD[ ( ?AT DEGRADATION ( CONSCI\SLY SU/A9+ AN 
      9JU/ICE1 & >E EAG] TO ESCAPE FROM ?AT HALF-IGNORANT TYRANNY ( :I* ,KEATS 
      TELLS1 & :I* IS1 SOO? TO SAY1 ! COMMON CONDITION ( RI* PEOPLE4 ,TO ?OSE ,I 
      HAVE A LA/ WORD OR TWO TO SAY 9 BEGG+ !M TO R5\NCE !IR CLASS PRET5SIONS 
      & CA/ 9 !IR LOT ) ! WORK+ M54 ,IT MAY BE ?AT SOME ( !M >E KEPT 
      FROM ACTIVELY FUR!R+ ! CAUSE :I* !Y BELIEVE 9 BY ?AT DREAD ( 
      ORGANIZATION1 BY ?AT UNPRACTICALITY 9 A WORD1 :I*1 AS IT IS V]Y COMMON 9 
      ,5GL& G5]ALLY1 IS MORE COMMON AMONG HI<LY CULTIVAT$ PEOPLE1 &1 IF Y\ WILL 
      =GIVE ! WORD1 MO/ COMMON 9 \R ANCI5T UNIV]SITIES4 ,S9CE ,I AM A MEMB] ( A 
      ,SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A ,I E>NE/LY BEG ?OSE ( Y\ :O AGREE ) ME TO HELP US 
      ACTIVELY1 ) Y\R TIME & Y\R TAL5TS IF Y\ CAN1 BUT IF NOT1 AT LEA/ ) 
      Y\R MONEY1 AS Y\ CAN4 ,DO NOT HOLD ALO( FROM US1 S9CE Y\ AGREE ) US1 BECAUSE 
      WE HAVE NOT ATTA9$ ?AT DELICACY ( MANN]S1 ?AT REF9EM5T ( LANGUAGE1 NAY1 
      EV5 ?AT PRUD5T & C>EFUL WISDOM ( ACTION :I* ! LONG OPPRESSION ( 
      COMPETITIVE COMM]CE HAS CRU%$ \T ( US4 
     
     

      ,>T IS LONG & LIFE IS %ORT2 LET US AT LEA/ DO SOME?+ BE=E WE DIE4 ,WE SEEK 
      P]FECTION1 BUT CAN F9D NO P]FECT MEANS TO BR+ IT AB\T2 LET IT BE 5\< = 
      US IF WE CAN UNITE ) ?OSE :OSE AIMS >E RI<T1 & !IR MEANS HONE/ & 
      FEASIBLE4 ,I TELL Y\ IF WE WAIT = P]FECTION 9 ASSOCIATION 9 !SE DAYS ( 
      COMBAT WE %ALL DIE BE=E WE CAN DO ANY?+4 ,HELP US N[1 Y\ :OM ! =TUNE ( 
      Y\R BIR? HAS HELP$ TO MAKE WISE & REF9$2 & AS Y\ HELP US 9 \R 
      WORK-A-DAY BUS9ESS T[>D ! SUCCESS ( ! CAUSE1 9/ILL 9TO US Y\R SUP]IOR 
      WISDOM1 Y\R SUP]IOR REF9EM5T1 & Y\ 9 Y\R TURN MAY BE HELP$ BY ! C\RAGE 
      & HOPE ( ?OSE :O >E NOT SO COMPLETELY WISE & REF9$4 ,REMEMB] WE HAVE BUT 
      ONE WEAPON AGA9/ ?AT T]RIBLE ORGANIZATION ( SELFI%NESS :I* WE ATTACK1 & 
      ?AT WEAPON IS ,UNION4 ,YES1 & IT %\LD BE OBVI\S UNION1 :I* WE CAN BE 
      CONSCI\S ( AS WE MIX ) O!RS :O >E HO/ILE OR 9DIFF]5T TO ! CAUSE2 
      ORGANIZ$ BRO!RHOOD IS ?AT :I* MU/ BREAK ! SPELL ( AN>*ICAL ,PLUTOCRACY4 
      ,ONE MAN ) AN IDEA 9 HIS HEAD IS 9 DANG] ( BE+ CONSID]$ A MADMAN2 TWO M5 
      ) ! SAME IDEA 9 COMMON MAY BE FOOLI%1 BUT CAN H>DLY BE MAD2 T5 M5 %>+ 
      AN IDEA BEG9 TO ACT1 A HUNDR$ DRAW ATT5TION AS FANATICS1 A ?\S& & SOCIETY 
      BEG9S TO TREMBLE1 A HUNDR$ ?\S& & !RE IS W> ABROAD1 & ! CAUSE HAS 
      VICTORIES TANGIBLE & REAL2 & :Y ONLY A HUNDR$ ?\S&8 ,Y\ & ,I :O AGREE 
      TOGE!R1 IT IS WE :O HAVE TO ANSW] ?AT QUE/ION4 
     
  
       ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,NOTE 
     
     
       ,TITLE 
     
     

    ,>T UND] ,PLUTOCRACY  
    
    
        ,DELIV]IES 
    
   #g? ,NOVEMB] #ahhc AT ! ,RUSSELL ,CLUB AT ,UNIV]SITY ,COLLEGE ,HALL1 ,OX=D 
   #a#f? ,NOVEMB] #ahhc UND] ! TITLE ,>T UND] ! ,RULE ( ,COMM]CE AT ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION'S LECTURE ,HALL 9 ,WIMBL$ON 
   #d? ,DECEMB] #ahhc BE=E ! ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNION ,SOCIETY AT ! ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNION  
   #b#bND ,JANU>Y #ahhd AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ! ,ANCOATS ,RECREATION ,COMMITTE AT ! MEMORIAL  
    
         ,PUBLICATION 
    
    

   ,PUBLI%$ 9 ,TODAY1 #a#h#h#d8 
    
    

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