,CONSCI5CE ( ! ,UPP] ,CLASSES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 0,CONSCI5CE ( ! ,UPP] ,CLASSES0 ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOL #c1 ,NO4 #a#a1 #ag ,DECEMB] #a#h#h#g1 P4 #d#d2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,T$ ,CRAW=D44 

,IT SEEMS TO BE UNIV]SALLY ADMITT$ ?AT ! CONF]5CE HELD ON ,DECEMB] #e? 9 ! ,MEMORIAL ,HALL1 ,F>R+DON ,/REET1 ON ! PREVAIL+ DI/RESS 9 ,LONDON WAS ! DIRECT \TCOME ( ! UNEMPLOY$ AGITATION1 = JO9+ 9 :I* SO MANY POOR M5 HAVE BE5 S5T5C$ ) A SPITE AT ONCE SO MALIGNANT & SO PETTY ?AT IT FAIRLY SICK5S AN HONE/ MAN TO ?9K ( IT4 ,!SE RI* & WELL-TO-DO P]SONS W]E DRIV5 TO MEET TOGE!R BY A FE> :I* ,I DO NOT SAY !Y ALL FELT 9 !IR [N P]SONS1 BUT :I* IS C]TA9LY P]MEAT+ !IR CLASS1 A FE> SO EASILY >\S$ ?AT A FEW HUNDR$ DE/ITUTE1 UN>M$1 PEACEABLY BEHAV$ P]SONS P>AD+ ,LONDON /REETS C\LD /RIKE T]ROR 9TO ! HE>TS ( ! WELL-TO-DO ( ! RI*E/ CITY ( ! MO/ P[]FUL EMPIRE 9 ! WORLD4 

,IT IS SC>CELY WOR? :ILE TO CRITICIZE ! V>I\S S*EMES & OP9IONS ( ! SPEAK]S AT ! MEET+4 ,9 PLA9 T]MS1 ! ONE P]SON :O SAID ANY?+ WOR? LI/5+ TO WAS ,C>D9AL ,MANN+1 & IT IS A CURI\S SIGN ( ! TIMES ?AT A HI< (FICIAL ( ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* %\LD GIVE A LESSON 9 SOCIOLOGY TO ,LIB]AL & ,RADICAL POLITICIANS1 HUMANIT>IAN DISS5T+ M9I/]S1 & PR(ESSIONAL PHILAN?ROPI/S -- ! LATT] REPRES5T$ BY ,MR ,>NOLD ,:ITE1 :O1 ONE MI<T ?9K1 W\LD BE GLAD1 IF HE D>$1 TO ADVOCATE A BATTUE ( ! USELESS =EIGN]S & QUICK-BRE$+ ,BRITONS ( ,LONDON AFT] ! FA%ION ( ! ,SP>TAN ,HELOT-HUNTS4 

,( ! ,C>D9AL IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT HE %[$ NONE ( ?AT BASE & C[>DLY HATR$ ( ! DEGRAD$ POOR 7! POOR :OSE DEGRADATION IS CAUS$ BY ! EXCLUSIVE 'REF9EM5T' ( ! RI*7 :I* IS ! ORD9>Y FEEL+ ( ! CULTUR$ CLASSES :E!R OP5LY EXPRESS$ OR VEIL$ UND] ! PRETEXT ( POOR-LAW-PHILAN?ROPY4 ,SAID HE3 ',?IRTY YE>S AGO ,I W5T 9TO PLACES :]E IT WAS SAID ! POLICE D>$ NOT GO1 & F\ND !M V]Y H>MLESS4' 

,AGA91 AS A ,CA?OLIC PRELATE HE WAS NOT CONC]N$ TO SUPPORT ! *E]FUL COMM]CIAL OPTIMISM 7AB\T O!R PEOPLE'S TR\BLES7 :I* IS ! L9+1 SO TO SPEAK1 ( ! MORAL PESSIMISM ( ! WELL-TO-DO2 & HE EXPOS$ !IR MIS]ABLE EVASION ( SETT+ D[N ! GREAT] P>T ( ! UNEMPLOY$ DEMON/RATORS AS CRIM9ALS & LOAF]S1 & R\NDLY ACCUS$ 'SOCIETY' ( BE+ RESPONSIBLE = !IR EXI/5CE4 ,LA/LY HE ATTACK$1 H[EV] MILDLY1 ! F]OCITY ( ! PHILAN?ROPI/S AB\T \T-DOOR RELIEF4 ,9 FACT IT IS CLE> ?AT HE C\LD SEE NO?+ ELSE = DEAL+ ) ! PRES5T DI/RESS BUT ?AT V]Y \T-DOOR RELIEF 9 SOME =M OR O!R1 ! HORROR ( :I* A FEW YE>S AGO HAD E/ABLI%$ ITSELF FIRMLY 9 ! HE>TS ( ALL PHILAN?ROPI/S AS A K9D ( HOLY DOGMA NOT TO BE QUE/ION$2 A PIECE ( ALTRUI/IC PIETY 9V5T$ TO TAKE ! PLACE ( ! N[ OBSOLETE ',DO UNTO O!RS AS Y\ W\LD HAVE !M DO UNTO Y\'4 ,!RE IS A GREAT DEAL ( VIRTUE 9 ! ,LAT9IZATION ( AN ,5GLI% WORD3 ,A ,GODS' NAME 7OR ! ,O!R ,ONE'S7 DON'T 'PAUP]IZE' PEOPLE6 ,BUT Y\ MAY C>EFULLY KEEP !M POOR & FEEL NONE ! WORSE = IT6 

,! ,C>D9AL W\ND UP ) :AT MAY BE REG>D$ AS AN (FICIAL TAG1 AB\T 'VOLUNT>Y AG5CIES'1 & ! NECESSITY ( 'VISIT+ ! HOMES ( ! POOR'4 ,?IS WAS :AT HIS (FICE COMPELL$ HIM TO SAY & NE$ NOT BE NOTIC$1 IF IT W]E NOT ( VALUE AS %[+ ?AT WE MU/ NOT RECKON ON REAL HELP FROM ! ,CA?OLIC CL]GY4 ,ALL ?AT CAN BE EXPECT$ ( !M IS ! ADM9I/RATION ( *>ITY 9 ITS LESS 9SULT+ & K9DLI] =M1 & ! OCCASIONAL />TL+ ( SMUG RESPECTABILITY FROM ITS AFT]-D9N] DOZE BY ! 5UNCIATION ( SOME OBVI\S SOCIAL TRU?1 :I* ! G5U9E ,CA?OLIC1 ) HIS CONTEMPT ( HUMAN LIFE ON ! E>? EXCEPT AS PREP>ATION = ANO!R1 NON-HUMAN LIFE1 F9DS IT EASY TO SEE2 BUT :I* IS QUITE /RANGE TO ! COMM]CIAL RELIGIONI/ 5GAG$ 9 SAV+ HIS [N S\L 9 ?IS WORLD & ! NEXT AT EV]YBODY ELSE'S EXP5SE4 

,= ! RE/ NO?+ WAS PROPOS$ EXCEPT A M]E BUNDLE ( EVASIONS ( ! FACT ?AT \R SY/EM ( PRODUCTION IS BREAK+ D[N 9TO RU9 ?R\< ITS [N TRIUMPH4 ,:ATEV] MIDDLE-CLASS RULE HAS PUT BE=E ITSELF AS AN AIM IT HAS WON2 BUT ! WELL-BE+ ( ! WORK] WAS NEV] ITS AIM & C\LD NOT BE2 HIS 5DURANCE & QUIETUDE ONLY HAS BE5 AIM$ AT4 ,BUT S9CE ! MIDDLE-CLASS IDEAL IS ?AT !RE %\LD BE WIDELY-SPREAD COM=T = ?OSE LIV+ :OLLY OR P>TLY ON ! LABOR ( O!RS1 :ILE ?OSE O!RS %\LD NOT BE SO SORELY P9*$ AS TO REBEL OR REFUSE TO WORK1 ! SAFEGU>DS AGA9/ ! RU9 ( ! SY/EM ( WAGE-SLAV]Y HAVE BE5 DISREG>D$2 ESPECIALLY ! *IEF SAFEGU>D1 ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR2 ! WID5+ ( ! BASIS ( SPOLIATION BY MAK+ IT AS EASY AS MAY BE = ! WORK] TO P9* & SCREW HIMSELF \T ( HIS CLASS 9TO ?AT ( ! ROBB]S ( LABOR1 HAS BE5 ?\<T SAFEGU>D 5\< 9 ?IS DIRECTION2 BUT ?IS SAFEGU>D IS N[ YIELD+ TO ! 9CREASE 9 ! PACE ( COMPETITION2 & WE >E FACE TO FACE ) ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! :OLESALE WA/E ( LABOR :I* IS SURE TO HAPP5 9 A SOCIETY COMPOS$ ( RI* & POOR 9 AN EPO* WELL EQUIPP$ ) ME*ANICAL RES\RCES4 

,WE HAVE BE5 =C+ ! GREAT MASS ( ! WORK]S TO MAKE ?+S ( NO USE TO ! WORK]S 7OR TO ANY ONE ELSE = ?AT MATT]71 & WE HAVE ASSUM$ ?AT WE %ALL ALWAYS BE ABLE TO F9D PEOPLE WILL+ TO TAKE !SE PIECES ( MANUFACTURE FROM US 9 EX*ANGE = FOOD & O!R NECESS>IES :I* >E PRODUC$ BY ! WORK]S1 & NOT BY ! BUY]S ( ! USELESS ?+S4 ,:5 WE COME TO ?9K ( ! FACT1 ?AT !SE BUY]S ( 9UTILITIES HAVE NO?+ TO BUY !M ) EXCEPT ! NECESS>IES :I* !Y /EAL FROM ! WORK]S1 P>T ( :I* !Y MU/ DOLE \T TO !M AGA9 AS SLAVE-RATIONS UND] ! MOD]N NAME ( 'WAGES'1 ONE NE$ BE NO LONG] A/ONI%$ ?AT ! SCANTY & SEEM+LY H>MLESS GA!R+S ( ! UNEMPLOY$ %\LD HAVE FRI<T5$ ! CLASS ?AT [NS ',SOCIETY'1 & MADE !M ASK ',:AT TO BE DONE N[8' ,!Y WILL NOT F9D AN ANSW]1 ?\< ! ANSW] WILL COME2 BECAUSE ANY ATTEMPT !Y MAY MAKE TO LIMIT ! WA/E ( LABOR WILL BUT ACT AS A LEV] = ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,SOCIETY :I* !Y >E SO EAG] TO SAVE4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#b1 #bba 3 ,CONSCI5CE ( ! ,UPP] ,CLASSES -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,CONSCI5CE ( ! ,UPP] ,CLASSES -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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