,CONTRIBUTIONS TO ! ,HI/ORY ( ,9DIVIDUALISM 

#aibg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANSELM ,RUE/ 

,AU?OR 3 ,SALOMO ,FRI$LA5D] 

,TEXT 3 

0,:5 ONE ?OR\<LY KN[S & DEEPLY EXAM9ES ! NOTION ( 9DIVIDUALITY & ! CONSEQU5CES ?AT D]IVE FROM ! PR9CIPLE ?AT IS ITS BASIS1 MEAN+ ?AT EV]Y MAN IS NOT ONLY RELAT$ TO ! WORLD 9 A P>TICUL> WAY1 BUT ALSO TO EV]Y OBJECT 9 ! WORLD & TO EV]Y IDEA ?AT !SE OBJECTS AWAK51 ONE IS A/ONI%$ ?AT SO MU* NATURAL DISCORD IS POSSIBLE SIDE BY SIDE ) SO MU* HI/ORICAL CONCORD40   

,?IS M$ITATION ( ,HEBBEL -- IT IS F\ND 9 HIS ,J\RNAL -- GIVES US A PRECISE IDEA ( ! 9DIVIDUALI/ CONCEPT4 ,9 FACT1 IF ONE DOESN'T CREATE 9DIVIDUALISM1 IF ONE CAN'T CREATE 9DIVIDUALISM FROM MASS SY/EMS1 IT SEEMS TO DEVELOP )\T CONFLICTS 9 ! 0,I0 TAK5 SEP>ATELY1 AS IF ONE ACTS 9 T]MS ( A TACIT CONTRACT1 A SECRET AGREEM5T4 ,NOT JU/ ! 9DIVIDUAL1 TAK5 9 ! MO/ ORD9>Y S5SE1 DOESN'T ESCAPE ?IS1 BUT EV]Y >TI/1 EV]Y PHILOSOPH]1 EV]Y 9TELLECTUAL CREATOR1 EV5 IF HE PRES5TS HIMSELF AS GIFT$ ) IMP]SONAL1 DIS9T]E/$1 EV5 SOCIAL IDEAS1 WILL APPE> TO ! OBS]VANT & 9TELLIG5T PSY*OLOGI/ AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 COMPLETELY ISOLATABLE PH5OM5ON4 ,?IS 0IMMAN5T 9DIVIDUALISM0 C\LD NOT AVOID BE+ P]CEPTIBLE OR GRASP$1 ! 9DIVIDUAL HIMSELF C\LD NOT F9D HIMSELF 5RI*$ FROM ! FACT ( HIS EXI/5CE1 & C\LD NOT DEVELOP HIMSELF MORE MAGNIFIC5TLY4 ,BUT AFT] ?REE OR F\R C5TURIES1 ONE FEELS ! AW>5ESS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL GR[+ AS AN EXI/5CE AP>T1 ONE NOTICES ! DI/9CTIVE SIGNS ( ! WOND] ?AT ! P]CEPTION ( ! ,I REAWAK5S4 ,! ANCI5TS1 :O ALL ! HI/ORIES ( PHILOSOPHY TEA*1 B>ELY P]CEIV$ ! ,I2 IT IS NECESS>Y TO GET TO ! BIOGRAPHIES ( ,SA9T ,AUGU/9E1 ,PETR>*1 ,JUNIUS = ! PA? TO OP5 UP1 BUT IT IS ) ,PASCAL 7>\ND #a#f#e7 ?AT MOD]N 9DIVIDUALISM DI/+UI%ES ITSELF FROM ALL ?AT HAD COME BE=E IT4 

,AFT] HIS Y\?1 ,PASCAL />T$1 ) UNLIMIT$ SECURITY1 ON ! SUNNY PA?S ( DISCOV]Y & R5[N2 /ILL Y\NG1 HE HAD ALREADY A*IEV$ GREAT FAME4 ,SUDD5LY HE BELIEV$ ?AT HE P]CEIV$ ?AT HIS ,I -- 0IMMORTAL01 0DI/9CTIVE0 -- HAD GONE TO P]DITION4 ,P[]1 HONOR1 GLORY NO LONG] APPE>$ TO HIM AS ANY?+ BUT A VULG> *ASE AFT] ACCOMPLI%M5TS = :I* ! 9/9CT ( ! SPECIES 0MAN0 AIMS3 IT SEEM$ TO HIM ?AT ONLY FAI? -- *RI/IANITY ALONE BE+ ABLE TO ISOLATE ! ,I -- C\LD 5LI<T5 EV]Y ,I AB\T ITS TRUE DE/9Y4 ,LET ONE UND]/& WELL3 ,PASCAL'S *RI/IANITY WAS A P>TICUL> CREATION1 UNIQUELY P]SONAL = ,PASCAL2 9 ?IS & 9 NO O!R P>T C\LD HE RECOGNIZE & DI/+UI% HIS ,I4 ,?AT ?IS LUCID & BRILLIANT BRA92 ?AT ?IS SCI5TIFIC SKEPTIC1 ?AT ?IS CLE>-SI<T$ MA!MATICIAN & PHYSICI/ C\LD BELIEVE -- WAS HIS FACULTY1 HIS P]SONAL 9DIVIDUALI/ GIFT4 ,HE W\LD HAVE BE5 QUITE A/ONI%$1 BESIDES1 IF HE HAD HAD TO COMP>E HIS FAI? ) ?AT ( ! MASSES4 ,HE ?US ATTRIBUT$ TO *RI/IANITY ALL AW>5ESS3 ONLY IT C\LD HAVE CONV9C$ MAN ( HIS 9F9ITE GREATNESS & HIS TRAGIC MIS]Y -- ?AT TRAGIC MIS]Y TO :I* ,PASCAL HAD BE5 PREY :5 HIS 9SI<T HAD LEFT HIM CALM BE=E C]TA9 PROBLEMS IMPOSSIBLE TO SOLVE4 ,FAI? WAS SIMPLY A MEANS ( SELF-EXALTATION = HIM1 ( RAIS+ UP HIS ,I444 

,!N ! 9DIVIDUAL )DRAWS SO MU* AP>T & 9 ISOLATION ?AT HE WILL DREAM ( COMPLET+ HIS MORAL ISOLATION ) PHYSICAL ISOLATION1 A ME?OD ?AT IS FUR!RMORE ]RONE\S3 BUT ALL APP>5TLY PHYSICAL 9DIVIDUALISM WILL N[ BUT ! EXPRESSION ( A CULTURAL1 9TELLECTUALLY EFFEM9ATE S5SIBILITY4 ,H]E IS ,DANIE ,DEFOE1 ! CREATOR ( ! 0,ROB9SONADE10 .<#a.> OP5+ A C5TURY ?AT NEV] GOT AWAY FROM ROB9SONADES4 

,?AT SU* AN ORD9>Y MAN :O IS NO LONG] SATISFI$ ) HIS HOME OR HIS SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T1 :O ! TA/E = ADV5TURE MOVES TO GO 9 SE>* ( HIS =TUNE 9 DI/ANT L&S1 DOESN'T PRES5T ANY?+ P>TICUL>LY DI/9CTIVE2 BUT ?AT HE GETS ?R[N ON A DES]T$ ISL&1 SEP>AT$ FROM HUMAN SOCIETY1 =C$ TO COPE ) HIS RISK & DANG]1 & ?AT HIS ,I ACTS ?\<TLESSLY1 9/9CTIVELY1 UNCONSCI\SLY 9 ! DAILY CIRCUM/ANCES ( LIFE & ! HE ACTS SO ) REG>D TO ?+S & PEOPLE ?AT APPE>$ SUDD5LY1 UN=ESE51 ?AT FACE TO FACE ) TRADITIONAL CONCEPTIONS )\T SLAVI%LY RECREAT+ -- 9DIVIDUALLY & 9TELLECTUALLY -- ! 5VIRONM5T HE'D LEFT -- ?IS IS :AT DEMON/RATES 9 ! POETIC CREATOR ( ,ROB9SON A R>E & ORIG9AL EXP]I5CE ( ! ,I4 ,BECAUSE ,ROB9SON IS =C$ TO REMAKE1 /EP BY /EP1 ! 5TIRE ROAD COV]$ BY CIVILIZATION1 ?IS NIMBLE ,EUROPEAN 1 :O RESPONDS1 GIFT$ ) ALL ! 9TELLECTUAL & SCI5TIFIC ACQUISITION ( ?IS TIME AT ! ?RE%OLD ( ME*ANISM1 TRANS=MS HIMSELF 9TO A S]I\S1 REFLECTIVE MAN ) DEEP ?\<TS1 :O E/ABLI%ES HIS [N CAL5D>1 WRITES A NEWSPAP] & FABRICATES A RELIGION FITT+ = HIS SITUATION4 ,IF ONE COMP>ES ?IS RELIGION ) ?AT ( ! HOMEL&1 ONE WILL QUICKLY SEE ?AT :AT SEEMS REVOLUTION>Y IS NOT1 ALL TOLD1 SO F> FROM TRADITIONAL CONV5TIONS & CU/OMS4 ,EQUALLY1 ! AU?OR DIDN'T WANT ?IS -- HE CONCEIV$ A PRETTY FABUL\S NOVEL & DID IT 9 A WAY ?AT ! WORLD ( ( DISCOV]IES C>RI$ \T BY HIS ISOLAT$ ,I 9 ,EUROPE & ELSE:]E -- IS UND]/&ABLE4    

,TRANSPORT ,ROB9SON FROM ! DOM9ION ( EXP]IM5TATION 9 ! FREE AIR 9TO ?AT ( S5SIBILITY1 FROM FICTION 9TO ! DIDACTIC1 & Y\ HAVE ONT ! MO/ AU!NTIC =EFA!RS ( 9DIVIDUALISM -- ,R\SSEAU4 

,Y\ SEE H[ ,EMILE1 IMM$IATELY AFT] HIS BIR?1 IS TAK5 TO ! C\NTRYSIDE -- HIS ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE ISL&4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE ! FIR/ DAY SP5T 9 ! UNHEAL?Y SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T C\LD DAMAGE HIM1 CORRUPT+ HIS 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,& !RE1 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 ,EMILE REALLY DEVELOPS HIMSELF -- ?\< HE DOESN'T CEASE TO BE ANXI\S AB\T ! \TCOME ( HIS DEVELOPM5T4 ,:AT WILL HE MAKE ( HIMSELF3 A HUMAN BE+1 AN OV]HUMAN1 A GOD1 AN ANIMAL8 

,ONLY1 WE >E P]SUAD$ TOO QUICKLY ?AT ,R\SSEAU1 V]Y E>LY 9 ,EMILE1 HAD CONCEIV$ HIS PROGRAM ( $UCATION -- :]E HAD HE TAK5 IT8 ,9 OBS]VATION1 9 EXP]I5CE1 9 ! RI*E/ HUMAN KN[L$GE -- 9 ! HUMAN BE+ CONSID]$ G5]ICALLY4 ,(T5 TIMES1 EV5 HE IS NOT ?IS WAY3 HE PLAY$ TOO EASILY ) DIFFICULTIES & HIS ,EMILE COMES TO POSSESS A M9D ?AT HOLDS NATURE AS ABSOLUTELY 9CAPABLE ( GOOD & EVIL4 ,DESPITE HIS SKILLFUL SY/EM ( $UCATION1 MANIFE/LY ACKN[L$G$ AS 9DIVIDUALI/1 ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 :I* PAYS HOMAGE TO ,R\SSEAU'S H&S_/MANIAS1 WAS ABSOLUTELY RI<T TO GIVE A SOCIAL MEAN+ TO ! SLOGAN3 0,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY1 ,FRAT]NITY40 ,IT KEPT ITSELF 9 ! SPIRIT ( ,R\SSEAU :OSE 9DIVIDUALISM DID NOT CONCEIVE ! ISOLAT$ MAN1 DEF9$ SEP>ATELY1 BUT ! G5]IC HUMAN BE+4 ,NO MORE ?AN ! WAY ?AT EV]YONE 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY & LAT] ,KANT & ,FI*TE CONCEIV$ IT4 ,H[ W\LD IT HAVE BE5 ABLE TO KEEP ITSELF AP>T 9 ?IS WAY4 ,& WASN'T ,EMILE TRANSPORT$ TO ! C\NTRYSIDE FROM ! WOMB ( SOCIETY8 

,?IS IS :]E WE %>E ,HEBBEL'S A/ONI%M5T3 0,:5 ONE EXAM9ES ! NOTION ( ,9DIVIDUALITY DEEPLY444 & ! CONSEQU5CES ?AT D]IVE FROM IT444 ONE IS A/ONI%$ ?AT SO MU* NATURAL DISCORD IS POSSIBLE BESIDE SO MU* HI/ORICAL CONCORD40 ,EMILE NEV] =GOT HIS GOV]NOR1 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY2 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY HONE/LY /ROVE TO SAY GOODBYE TO IT4 ,BUT ! :OLE ?+ IS TO KN[ :E!R ! GOV]NOR ?US P5SION$ (F HASN'T COME BACK 9 ?R\< ! BACK DOOR1 :E!R ! V]Y DIVORCE ACCORD+ TO ! ,R\SSEAUIAN CONCEPTION HASN'T =C$ ! REAL FACTS 9TO AN 9EVITABLE SIMPLIFICATION4 ,! P]SONAL1 SPECIFIC1 9DIVIDUAL MAN WANT$ ONCE & = ALL TO CLE> \T1 TO /RIP1 TO REA* ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,BUT DON'T LET IT BE =GOTT53 :5 ALL IS ACC\NT$ =1 ,9DIVIDUALISM1 ! MO/ CONSI/5T CONC]N444 ( HUMAN BE+S1 HAS NO?+ TO DO ) GODS1 ) ! GREATNESS ?AT CAN %[ ITSELF ABSOLUTELY4 

,R\SSEAU HAD NOT DEEPLY EXAM9$ 0ALL ! CONSEQU5CES ?AT D]IVE FROM ! NOTION ( 9DIVIDUALITY40 ,S*LEI]MA*]1 ,/IRN] & ,NIETZS*E DID SO LIKE ! TRUE PHILOSOPH]S ?AT !Y W]E4 ,9 ,S*LEI]MA*]'S   ,MONOLOGUES1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 WE F9D ! HAPP9ESS ?AT IS ! PRIVILEGE ( ! MAN :O D>ES TO CONSID] HIMSELF AS A BE+ 0WILL$ AP>T40 ,! UNIV]SE1 9 ITS GREATNESS1 CAN SEEM TO WANT TO CRU% ME1 BUT IT CANNOT P5ETRATE ME1 ,I1 :O AM A =MATIVE & 9DISP5SABLE P>T1 & ! FUR!R ! UNIQUE /RIVES TO SPREAD HIMSELF \T & HIS AIM & HIS ACTION1 ! MORE DEEPLY HE UND]/&S HIS SITUATION & HIS NE$ = ! COSMOS4 

,GOE! SPOKE SOME:]E ( ! HI<] HAPP9ESS ( ! *ILDR5 ( ! ,E>?4 ,P]SONALITY6 ,S*LEI]MA*] & ,GOE! W]E METAPHYSICIANS3 ACCORD+ TO !M1 ONE SEES IMM$IATELY :]E ! CONCORD 0 SIDE BY SIDE ) SO MU* NATURAL DISCORD0 COMES FROM3 ! UNIQUE IS SU* A P[]FUL P]SON6 ,I MI<T OBJECT & SAY ?AT ?IS IS ! *A9 ( APPE>ANCES ?AT1 9 SOME WAY1 GOV]N ! COSMOS -- ?AT WANTS ! NECESS>Y PRECAUTION>Y MEASURES TO BE TAK54 ,NIETZS*E HIMSELF -- :O HOLDS 9 HIS H&S ! BEG9N+ & 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY -- WAS A METAPHYSICIAN TO ! BOTTOM ( HIS HE>T1 DESPITE DEF5D+ HIMSELF SO BITT]LY1 & ?IS IS :Y1 ) HIS 0ET]NAL RETURN10 HE AGA9 MITIGATES ! ABSOLUTE1 IRRATIONAL 9DIVIDUALI/1 SO ?AT HE CONCEIV$ A ME*ANICAL DEVELOPM5T ( UNIV]SAL EVOLUTION1 SO ?AT HE BELIEV$ 9 A CON/ANCY ( 0H]DS40 ,& :Y IS ?IS8 -- >5'T EV5 !SE COMPOS$ ( 0,I'S08 ,&1 9 ! MEANTIME1 SOMEONE1 9 ! SAME C5TURY1 HELD ! KEY TO ! 0A/ONI%M5T0 ?AT TORM5T$ ,HEBBEL3 0SIDE BY SIDE ) SO MU* NATURAL DISCORD10 & ?IS SOMEONE WAS ,MAX ,/IRN]4 

,! HI/ORY ( PHILOSOPHY IS GREATLY 9DEBT$ TO ,/IRN]1 AT LEA/ AS MU* AS TO ,B]KELEY :O DI/URB$ ! *ANGEABLE CONSCI\SNESS 9 HIMSELF SO MU* BY SPEAK+ = ! FIR/ TIME ( ! 0WORLD AS \R REPRES5TATION40 ,LET'S ACCU/OM \RSELVES1 !RE=E1 ONCE & = ALL1 TO LOOK+ ! OCEAN ( ET]NALLY MOV+ ?\<TS 9 ! FACE1 TO CONSID]+ PRECONCEIV$ D$UCTIONS1 :I* ONE MAY D$UCE FROM DOGMATIC IDOLS AS 0! TRU?0 & 0! LIE10 AS UNIMPORTANT4 ,LET'S CONSID]1 ONCE & = ALL1 ?+S & ?\<TS AS AN ET]NAL & MAGNIFIC5T PLAY ( *ANG+ COLORS ?AT COME ONE AFT] ANO!R ON ! CLOAK ( ! 9F9ITE1 ?AT W\LD NOT BE CONCEIVABLE TO US EXCEPT = \R S5SES1 9 A MIX$ CONDITION1 A CONDITION ( 9N] LIQUIFICATION1 P]HAPS ONLY 9 DEA?4 ,9 ALL 9/ANCES1 H]E IS :AT IS C]TA93 ,?IS ?AT1 LIV+ BE+S1 WE R>ELY HAVE CONSCI\SNESS ( \R 9TIMATE L9K ) ! COSMOS -- ?AT \R SAME1 MO/ AFFIRM$ EXCESSES ( CONSCI\SNESS SEEM TO EVOLVE )9 ! LIMITS ( A DELIB]ATE RUPTURE1 AN 9T5TIONAL SEP>ATION ) ! UNIV]SE1 ( ! SORT ?AT WE AB&ON \RSELVES ?AT MU* MORE BL9DLY & CONFID5TLY TO \R 9/9CTS ?AT REVEAL \R ,I TO US AS A ?+ ( EXTREME IMPORTANCE4 

,IF ! ET]NAL L9K ( EV]Y ,I ) ! COSMOS SEEMS BEYOND D\BT1 WE DON'T FEEL IT2 MY NEI<BOR MAY BE 9F9ITELY SAD & 9 ANGUI%1 :ILE MY HE>T BEATS ) JOY & 9TOXICATION2 AT ! SAME TIME1 ,A444'S EYE SEES DIFF]5T IMAGES ?AT ,B444'S EYE 7EV5 IF A SPH]E ( FEEL+ & S5SATIONS SURELY SATURATES ! 5TIRE UNIV]SE & IS EXT]IORIZ$ 9 MU* 05?USIASM1 DON'T ,I HAVE ! RI<T TO MAKE MY 9DIVIDUAL CONSCI\SNESS RE/ ON ITSELF & TO LET EV]Y ,I1 TAK5 SEP>ATELY1 ASS]T ITSELF8 ,!RE >E TWO ME?ODS3 ONE CONSID]S ! ,I AS P>T ( A :OLE ?AT IT DOESN'T KN[ -- ! O!R CONSID]S EV]Y ,I AS A :OLE ?AT IT KN[S1 P>TICUL>LY ?R\< ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( ITS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,?IS SECOND ME?OD IS ! ONE ?AT ,MAX ,/IRN] FOLL[$2 IT IS BECAUSE HE HAS 0DEEPLY EXAM9$0 ! NOTION ( 9DIVIDUALITY & ITS CONSEQU5CES1 ?AT HE CALLS ! ,I 0! MORTAL & MOM5T>Y CREATOR ( ITS UNIQUE40 ,NOT BECAUSE IT IS ?IS WAY1 BUT BECAUSE WE444KN[ IT4 ,!RE=E1 IF WE TURN T[>DS ,/IRN] = O!R SUPPOSITIONS1 IF ONE WANTS TO GET SOME 9=MATION ON UNIV]SAL ,H>MONY1 ! ,CREATOR ( ALL ?+S1 ON WILL LE>N NO?+4 ,BUT IF ONE KN[S ?AT ,/IRN] SPEAKS ( EV]Y ,I AS A UNIQUE 9 ! TOTALITY ( APPE>ANCES1 ONE LE>NS VALUABLE ?+S4 ,HEBBEL IS 9T]E/$ 9 ! UNIV]SAL & 5DS UP BE+ A/ONI%$ BECAUSE SIDE BY SIDE ) SU* A DIFF]5TIATION !RE CAN BE 0SO MU* HI/ORICAL CONCORD40 ,/IRN]1 HIMSELF1 ONLY KN[+ ! JOY ( LOGIC1 PU%$ A ?\<T TO ITS EXTREME !ORETICAL CONSEQU5CE1 C>+ LITTLE H[ IT W\LD 5D UP4 

,I W\LD V]Y MU* LIKE TO KN[ :AT SUPPOSITIONS >E MORE SOLIDLY SUPPORT$ ?AN !SE6 ,A L>GE PORTION ( PEOPLE (F] US -- & WE >E SO 9UR$6 -- ! 0GREATE/0 P]SPECTIVES1 ! 0MO/ SUBLIME0 CONCEPTIONS1 ! 0MO/ UNPREJUDIC$0 VIEWPO9TS3 ON :AT DO !Y BASE ALL ?IS8 ,IT IS C]TA9 ?AT IF ,/IRN] HAD NOT CONSID]$ ,FEU]BA*'S A!ISM AS PROV51 HE W\LD NOT HAVE EXPLA9$ 9DIVIDUALISM AS HE DID4 ,BUT ISN'T !ISM A PROV5 FACT8 ,IF IT HAD BE51 ,/IRN] W\LD HAVE S\<T O!R GR\NDS1 W\LD HAVE F\ND !M & EQUALLY W\LD HAVE COME TO EXTREME 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,HE HAD ?US PROCE$$ FROM ,FEU]BA*1 :O HAD DEF9$ RELIGION AS 0A RUPTURE ( ! HUMAN BE+ ) ITSELF40 ,HE DOESN'T ASK :E!R ,FEU]BA*'S DEF9ITION WAS PRECISE OR NOT 9 ITSELF1 RA!R ASKS H[ ! RUPTURE C\LD BE CUR$1 REPAIR+ ! RIFT4 ,9 ,FEU]BA*1 ! DIV9E ATTRIBUTES HAD BECOME MANIFE/LY HUMAN &1 9 ORD] TO REALIZE ! IDEAL 0( HUMANITY10 ! UNIQUE HAD TO /RUGGLE TIRELESSLY TO CONQU] !M4 ,IT WAS /ILL ! 0G5]IC0 HUMAN BE+ ( ! ,X,V,I,I,I C5TURY4 -- ,NO1 ,/IRN] CRIES1 ,I AM NOT ?AT HUMAN BE+ !RE1 ,I AM ! P]SONAL1 9DIVIDUAL1 SPECIFIC HUMAN BE+2 ! !OLOGICAL IDEAL HAS CO/ ME ?\S&S ( YE>S ( FRUITLESS /RUGGLE1 ! 0HUMAN0 IDEAL WILL NOT DEM& ?IS ( ME4 ,I MYSELF 7& EV]Y UNIQUE LIKE ME7 AM 9 EA* MOM5T AS MU* ! APPE>ANCE ( ! HUMAN BE+ AS IT BE+1 AS ITS DEEPE/ ESS5CE4 ,I HAVE NO 5VY SPLITT+ ME 9 TWO1 *AS+ AFT] A SPOOK4 

,9 ?IS WAY1 HE LIB]AT$ HIMSELF FROM ALL ! O!R IDEAL SPOOKS1 & ?IS IS ! WAY ?AT HE A*IEVES HIS NEGATIONS ) ! AIM ( FREE+ ! ,I FROM ALL 0G5]IC0 DET]M9ISMS -- NOTE IT WELL3 UNIV]SAL1 G5]IC3 ALLGEME94 .<#b.> ,?IS HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ITS TYPICAL MANIFE/ATIONS4 ,/IRN]1 9 FACT1 ?IS TIRELESS & 9TREPID WRE/L] ) IDEAS HAS PUT !M 0AT ! S]VICE ( :AT MO/ POT5TLY & SUBLIMELY AGRE$ ) HIM1 AT ! S]VICE ( HIS ,I4 ,N[ IF Y\ 7& ,X & ,Y7 F9D ?AT Y\R ,I COMPLETES & 0CONSUMES0 ITSELF MORE 9 A WORLD ( IDEAS NE>] TO IDEALISM -- TO ,S*ILL]1 = EXAMPLE1 ,I LEAVE IT TO Y\2 ,/IRN]1 ! 9SURRECTIONI/1 ! AN>*I/ DOESN'T PROHIBIT ?IS TO Y\ -- FUR!RMORE1 HE APPROVES ( Y\4 ,HE TELLS Y\ ONLY TO BE444 Y\RSELF4 

,?US ,/IRN] HAS DEF9ITIVELY DISPELL$ ! ,HEBBELIAN A/ONI%M5T4 ,TO OP5 ! EYES ( HUMAN BE+S AB\T !IR DEP5D5CE1 !IR FAI? 9 AU?ORITY1 !IR S5SIBILITIES PROMPT$ BY ! EXT]NAL WORLD1 ! 9DIVIDUALI/ PR9CIPLE />TS ) A SCA?+ REBELLION1 ) DISCORD1 ) AN 5]GETIC CALL TO Y\R 0UNIQU5ESS40 ,BUT ! ONE :O %AKES Y\1 :O MOVES Y\ 9 ?IS WAY1 :O PUTS Y\R ,I BACK 9TO Y\R [N H&S1 IS A HUMAN BE+ LIKE Y\1 :O SPEAKS Y\R LANGUAGE1 ) ! SAME PASSIONS1 ! SAME S5SATIONS ?AT >E Y\RS4 ,?IS IS :Y 0SIDE BE SIDE ) SO MU* NATURAL DISCORD1 SO MU* HI/ORICAL CONCORD IS POSSIBLE40 

  

.<#a.> ,NOVELS AB\T %IPWRECKS ON DES]T$ ISL&S1 ( :I* ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE MAY HAVE BE5 ! FIR/1 & WAS C]TA9LY ! FIR/ TO GA9 SUB/ANTIAL POPUL>ITY4 

.<#b.> ,! ,G]MAN WORD ?AT CAN TRANSLATE3 UNIV]SAL1 G5]AL1 G5]IC1 COMMON444 9 ! ,G]MAN 9 ! ,ITALIAN TEXT4 

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,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibf 3 ,CONTRIBUTIONS TO ! ,HI/ORY ( ,9DIVIDUALISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #c1 #bb 3 ,CONTRIBUTIONS TO ! ,HI/ORY ( ,9DIVIDUALISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,CONTRIBUTIONS TO ! ,HI/ORY ( ,9DIVIDUALISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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