,APP5DIX ,X 
,! ,SMALL ,9DU/RIES 9 ,G]MANY 

#ahihahih 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,*RI/OPHE ,R\DET1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,! LIT]ATURE ( ! SMALL 9DU/RIES 9 ,G]MANY BE+ V]Y BULKY1 ! *IEF WORKS UPON ?IS SUBJECT MAY BE F\ND1 EI!R 9 FULL OR REVIEW$1 9 ,S*MOLL]@&_?#a#d#f2S ,JAHRBU*]1 & 9 ,CONRAD@&_?#a#d#f2S ,SAMMLUNG NATIONAL-OKONOMIS*] UND /ATI/IS*] ,ABH&LUNG54 ,= A G5]AL REVIEW ( ! SUBJECT & RI* BIBLIOGRAPHICAL 9DICATIONS1 ,S*ONB]G@&_?#a#d#f2S ,VOLKWIR?S*AFTSLEHRE1 VOL4 II41 :I* CONTA9S EXCELL5T REM>KS AB\T ! PROP] DOMA9 ( SMALL 9DU/RIES 7P4 #da SEQ47 AS WELL AS ! ABOVE-M5TION$ PUBLICATION ( ,K4 ,BU*] 7,UNT]SU*UNG5 UB] DIES ,LAGE DES ,H&W]KS 9 ,DEUTS*L&71 WILL BE F\ND MO/ VALUABLE4 ,! WORK ( ,O4 ,S*W>Z1 ,DIE ,BETRIEBS=M5 D] MOD]N5 ,GROSS9DU/RIE 79 ,ZEITS*RIFT FUR ,/AATSWISS5S*AFT1 VOL4 XXV41 P4 #e#c#e71 IS 9T]E/+ BY ITS ANALYSIS ( ! RESPECTIVE ADVANTAGES ( BO? ! GREAT & ! SMALL 9DU/RIES1 :I* BR+S ! AU?OR TO =MULATE ! FOLL[+ ?REE FACTORS 9 FAVOR ( ! =M]3 7#a7 ECONOMY 9 ! CO/ ( MOTIVE P[]2 7#b7 DIVISION ( LABOR & ITS H>MONIC ORGANIZATION2 & 7#c7 ! ADVANTAGES (F]$ = ! SALE ( ! PRODUCE4 ,( !SE ?REE FACTORS1 ! FIR/ IS MORE & MORE ELIM9AT$ EV]Y YE> BY ! PROGRESS A*IEV$ 9 ! TRANSMISSION ( P[]2 ! SECOND EXI/S 9 SMALL 9DU/RIES AS WELL1 & TO ! SAME EXT5T1 AS 9 ! GREAT ONES 7WAT*MAK]S1 TOYMAK]S1 & SO ON72 SO ?AT ONLY ! ?IRD REMA9S 9 FULL =CE2 BUT ?IS FACTOR1 AS ALREADY M5TION$ 9 ! TEXT ( ?IS BOOK1 IS A SOCIAL FACTOR :I* 5TIRELY DEP5DS UPON ! DEGREE ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! SPIRIT ( ASSOCIATION AMONG ! PRODUC]S4 

,A DETAIL$ 9DU/RIAL C5SUS HAV+ BE5 TAK5 9 #a#i#g1 9 ADDITION TO ?OSE ( #ahhb & #a#h#i#e1 MO/ IMPORTANT & QUITE RELIABLE DATA %[+ ! IMPORTANCE & ! RESI/ANCE ( ! SMALL 9DU/RIES W]E BR\<T TO LI<T1 & A S]IES ( MO/ 9T]E/+ MONOGRAPHS DEAL+ ) ?IS SUBJECT HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$4 ,LET ME NAME1 !RE=E1 SOME ( !M :I* C\LD BE CONSULT$ ) PR(IT3 ,DR4 ,FR4 ,ZAHN1 ,WIRTS*AFTLI*E ,5TWICKLUNG1 UNT] BESOND]] ,B]UCKSI*TIGUNG D] ,VOLKSZAHLUNG1 #a#i#e1 S[IE D] ,B]UFS UND ,BETRIEBSZAHLUNG1 #a#i#g2 ,SOND]ABDRUCK AUS D] ,ANAAL5 DES ,DEUTS*5 ,REI*S1 ,MUN*51 #aia & #a#i#a#a2 ,DR4 ,JOSEF ,GRUNZEL1 ,SY/EM D] ,9DU/RIEPOLITIK1 ,LEIPZIG1 #a#i#e2 & ,D] ,SIEG DES ,9DU/RIALISMUS1 ,LEIPZIG1 #a#i#a#a2 ,W4 ,SOMB>T1 @&_?#a#d#g2,V]LAGSSY/EM 7,HAUS9DU/RIE7@&_?#a#d#h21 9 ,CONRAD1 ,H&WORT]BU* D] ,/AATSWISS5S*AFT51 #cTE ,AUFLAGE1 ,BD4 ,V,I,I,I42 ,R4 VAN D] ,BOR<T1 ,B]UF1 ,GESSEL%AFTLI*E ,GLI$]UNG UND ,BETRIEB IM ,DEUTS*5 ,REI*E1 9 ,VORTRAGE D] ,GEHE-,/IFTUNG1 ,BD4 ,I,I41 #a#i#a2 & ,HE9RI* ,KO*1 ,DIE ,DEUTS*E ,HAUS9DU/RIE1 ,M4 ,GLADBA*1 #a#i#e4 ,MANY O!R WORKS WILL BE F\ND M5TION$ BY !SE AU?ORS4 

,9 ALL !SE BOOKS ! READ] WILL F9D A FUR!R CONFIRMATION ( ! IDEAS AB\T ! SMALL 9DU/RIES ?AT >E EXPRESS$ 9 *APT]S VI4 & VII4 ,:5 ,I DEVELOP$ !M 9 ! FIR/ $ITION ( ?IS BOOK1 IT WAS OBJECT$ TO ME ?AT1 AL?\< ! EXI/5CE ( A GREAT NUMB] ( SMALL 9DU/RIES IS \T ( QUE/ION1 & AL?\< !IR GREAT EXT5SION 9 A C\NTRY SO F> ADVANC$ 9 ITS 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T AS ,5GL& WAS NOT KN[N TO ECONOMI/S1 /ILL ! FACT PROVES NO?+4 ,!SE 9DU/RIES >E A M]E SURVIVAL2 & IF WE HAD DATA AB\T ! DIFF]5T CLASSES ( 9DU/RY AT DIFF]5T P]IODS1 WE %\LD SEE H[ RAPIDLY ! SMALL 9DU/RIES >E DISAPPE>+4 

,N[ WE HAVE SU* DATA = ,G]MANY1 = A P]IOD ( TW5TY-FIVE YE>S1 9 ! ?REE C5SUSES ( #a#h#h#b1 #a#h#i#e1 & #a#i#g1 &1 :AT IS TILL MORE VALUABLE1 !SE TW5TY-FIVE YE>S BELONG TO A MOM5T 9 ! LIFE ( ,G]MANY :5 A P[]FUL 9DU/RY HAS DEVELOP$ ON AN IMM5SE SCALE ) A GREAT RAPIDITY4 ,H]E IT IS ?AT ! DY+ \T ( ! SMALL 9DU/RIES1 !IR @&_?#a#d#g2ABSORPTION@&_?#a#d#h2 BY ! GREAT CONC]NS1 & ! SUPPOSES @&_?#a#d#g2CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL@&_?#a#d#h2 \<T TO BE SE5 9 FULL4 

,BUT ! NUM]ICAL RESULTS1 AS !Y APPE> FROM ! ?REE C5SUSES1 & AS !Y HAVE BE5 9T]PRET$ BY ?OSE :O HAVE /UDI$ !M1 >E PO9T+ \T TO QUITE ! REV]SE4 ,! POSITION ( ! SMALL 9DU/RIES 9 ! LIFE ( AN 9DU/RIAL C\NTRY IS EXACTLY ! SAME :I* C\LD HAVE BE5 =ESE5 TW5TY-FIVE YE>S AGO1 & V]Y (T5 IT IS DESCRIB$ 9 ! V]Y SAME WORDS ?AT ,I HAVE US$4 

,! ,G]MAN ,/ATI/IS*ES ,JAHRBU* GIVES US ! DI/RIBUTION ( WORKM5 9 ! DIFF]5T 9DU/RIES ( ! ,G]MAN ,EMPIRE 9 #ahhb & #a#h#i#e4 ,LEAV+ ASIDE ALL ! CONC]NS :I* BELONG TO TRADE & ?OSE = ! SALE ( ALCOHOLIC DR9KS 7#i#e#e1#f#h E/ABLI%M5TS1 #b1#a#f#e1#f#c#h WORK PEOPLE71 AS ALSO #d#b1#c#b#a E/ABLI%M5TS BELONG+ TO HORTICULTURE1 FI%+1 & P\LTRY 7#a#c1#a#b#h WORK PEOPLE 9 #a#h#i#e71 !RE W]E1 9 ALL ! 9DU/RIES1 9CLUD+ M9+1 #a1#b#c#g1 >TISANS WORK+ S+LE-H&$1 & OV] #i1 E/ABLI%M5TS 9 :I* #f1#g#c1#e P]SONS W]E EMPLOY$4 ,!IR DI/RIBUTION 9 E/ABLI%M5TS ( DIFF]5T SIZES WAS AS FOLL[S3- 

7#a#h#i#e74 

 7,E/ABLI%M5TS7 7,EMPLOYES7 7,AV]AGE P] E/ABLI%M5T7 

,>TISANS WORK+ 

S+LE-H&$ 7#a1#b#c#g17 7#a1#b#c#g17"9 -- 

"9,9 REALITY !RE >E NO EMPLOYES4 ,I GIVE ?IS FIGURE ONLY = ! TOTALS4 

,FROM #a TO #e EMPLOYES 7#g#e#b1#e#g#b7 7#a1#i#e#d1#a#b#e7 7#b4#f7 

,FROM #f TO #e EMPLOYES 7#a#c#i1#d#e#i7 7#a1#i#b1#d#i7 7#a#c7 

,OV] #e EMPLOYES 7#a#g1#i#d#a7 7#b1#i#g1#c#b#i7 7#a#f#b7 

,TOTAL 7#i#i1#i#g#b7 7#f1#g#f#c1#e#c7 7#g4#e7 

7) >TISANS7 7#b1#a#d#f1#i#g#b7 7#h11#e#c7 7#d7 

 ,TWELVE YE>S LAT] ! 9DU/RIES1 AS !Y APPE>$ 9 ! NEXT C5SUS1 MADE 9 #a#i#g1 W]E DI/RIBUT$ AS FOLL[S3- 

7#a#i#g74 

 7,E/ABLI%M5TS7 7,EMPLOYES7 7,AV]AGE P] E/ABLI%M5T7 

,>TISANS WORK+ 

S+LE-H&$ 7#i#i#d1#g#d#c7 7#i#i#d1#g#d#c7"9 -- 

"9,9 REALITY !RE >E NO EMPLOYES4 ,I GIVE ?IS FIGURE ONLY = ! TOTALS4 

,FROM #a TO #e EMPLOYES 7#h#g#e1#e#a#h7 7#b1#b#e1#e#c#i7 7#b4#e7 

,FROM #f TO #a EMPLOYES 7#i#f1#h#d#i7 7#g#a#g1#b#h#b7 7#g7 

,FROM #aa TO #e EMPLOYES 7#i1#b#b#e7 7#a1#i#i#f1#i#f7 7#b#b7 

,FROM #ea TO #a EMPLOYES7#a#e1#g#h#c7 7#a1#a#c1#i#d#i7 7#g7 

,FROM #aa TO #e EMPLOYES7#a#a1#h#b#g7 7#b1#b#i#e1#d#a7 7#a#i#d7 

,OV] #e EMPLOYES 7#a1#d#b#c7 7#a1#e#c#h1#e#g#g7 7#a1#h#a7 

,TOTAL 7#a1#i#a1#f#b#e7 7#i1#h#e#h1#a#b7 7#i7 

7) >TISANS7 7#b1#h#f1#c#f#h7 7#a1#h#e#b1#h#f#c77#e7 

 ,= ! SAKE ( COMP>ISON1 ,I GIVE ALSO 79 R\ND FIGURES7 ! NUMB]S ( E/ABLI%M5TS OBTA9$ BY ! ?REE C5SUSES3- 

 7#a#h#h#b7 7#a#h#i#e7 7#a#i#g7 

,>TISANS WORK+ 

S+LE-H&$ 7#a1#d#c17 7#a1#b#c#g17 7#i#i#e17 

,FROM #a TO #e EMPLOYES 7#g#d#f17 7#g#e#c17 7#h#g#e17 

,FROM #f TO #e EMPLOYES 7#h#e17 7#a#c#i17 7#a#h#g17 

,OV] #e EMPLOYES 7#i17 7#a#h17 7#c17 

,TOTAL 7#h#c17 7#i#a17 7#a1#i#b17 

7) >TISANS7 7#b1#b#g17 7#b1#a#d#g17 7#b1#h#f17 

,:AT APPE>S QUITE DI/9CTLY FROM ! LA/ C5SUS IS ! RAPID DECREASE 9 ! NUMB]S ( >TISANS :O WORK S+LE-H&$1 MO/LY )\T ! AID ( MA*9]Y4 ,SU* AN 9DIVIDUAL MODE ( PRODUCTION BY H& IS NATURALLY ON ! DECREASE1 EV5 MANY >TISANS RESORT+ N[ TO SOME SORT ( MOTIVE P[] & TAK+ ONE OR TWO HIR$ AIDS2 BUT ?IS DOES NOT PROVE ?AT 9 ! LEA/ ?AT ! SMALL 9DU/RIES C>RI$ ON ) ! AID ( MA*9]Y %\LD BE ON ! WANE4 ,! C5SUS ( #aig PROVES QUITE ! CONTR>Y1 & ALL ?OSE :O HAVE /UDI$ IT >E B\ND TO RECOGNIZE IT4 

@&_?#a#d#g2,( A PRON\NC$ DECAY ( ! SMALL E/ABLI%M5TS 9 :I* FIVE OR LESS P]SONS >E EMPLOY$1 IS1 ( C\RSE1 NO SIGN1@&_?#a#d#h2 WRITES ,DR4 ,ZAHN 9 ! A=EM5TION$ WORK4 ,\T ( ! #a#d4#c MILLION PEOPLE :O LIVE ON 9DU/RY1 FULL #e4#d MILLION BELONG TO ! SMALL 9DU/RY4 

,F> FROM DECREAS+1 ?IS CATEGORY HAS CONSID]ABLY 9CREAS$ S9CE #ahie 7FROM #g#c#b1#e#g#b E/ABLI%M5TS ) #a1#i#e#d1#a#b#e EMPLOYES 9 #a#h#i#e1 TO #h#g#e1#e#a#h E/ABLI%M5TS & #b1#b#e1#e#c#i EMPLOYES 9 #a#i#g74 ,MOREOV]1 IT IS NOT ONLY ! V]Y SMALL 9DU/RY :I* IS ON ! 9CREASE2 IT IS ALSO ! SMALL ONE :I* HAS 9CREAS$ EV5 MORE ?AN ! PREC$+ @&_?#a#e2 NAMELY1 BY #d#g1#f#a#e E/ABLI%M5TS & #h#a#b1#a#c#i EMPLOYES4 

,AS TO ! V]Y GREAT 9DU/RY1 A CLOS] ANALYSIS ( :AT ! ,G]MAN /ATI/ICIANS DESCRIBE AS GIANT E/ABLI%M5TS 7,RIES5BETRIEBE7 %[S ?AT !Y BELONG *IEFLY TO 9DU/RIES WORK+ = ! ,/ATE1 OR CREAT$ 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ,/ATE-GRANT$ MONOPOLIES4 ,?US1 = 9/ANCE1 ! ,KRUPP ,%>EHOLD]S ,COMPANY EMPLOY #f#i1#e P]SONS 9 !IR N9E DIFF]5T E/ABLI%M5TS1 & EV]YONE KN[S ?AT ! WORKS ( ,KRUPP >E 9 REALITY A DEP5D5CY ( ! ,/ATE4 

,! OP9ION ( ! ABOVE-NAM$ ,G]MAN AU?ORS AB\T ! FACTS REVEAL$ BY ! 9DU/RIAL C5SUSES >E V]Y 9T]E/+4 

,9 SPEAK+ ( ! SMALL 9DU/RIES 9 ,G]MANY1 ,W4 ,SOMB>T WRITES 9 ! >TICLE1 @&_?#a#d#g2,V]LAGSSY/EM 7,HAUS9DU/RIE71@&_?#a#d#h2 9 ,CONRAD@&_?#a#d#f2S ,H&WORTEZBU*3 @&_?#a#d#g2,IT RESULTS FROM ! C5SUS ( #aig ?AT ! LOSSES 9 ! SMALL 9DU/RIES >E ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY LIMIT$ TO ?OSE HOME 9DU/RIES :I* >E USUALLY DESCRIB$ AS ! OLD ONES2 :ILE ! 9CREASES BELONG TO ! HOME 9DU/RIES ( MOD]N ORIG94@&_?#a#d#h2 ,! /ATI/ICAL DATA ?US CONFIRM ?AT @&_?#a#d#g2AT ! PRES5T TIME A SORT ( REJUV5ATION IS GO+ ON 9 ! HOME 9DU/RIES2 9/EAD ( ?OSE ( !M :I* >E DY+ \T1 NEW ONES >E ALMO/ EQUAL 9 NUMB]S1 >E GR[+ UP@&_?#a#d#h2 7P4#b#d#b74 ,PR(4 ,SOMB>T PO9TS \T ?AT ! SAME IS GO+ ON 9 ,SWITZ]L&1 & REF]S TO SOME NEW WORKS ON ?IS SUBJECT4"9 

"9,DIE ,HAUS9DU/RIE 9 D] ,S*WEIZ3 ,AUSZUG AUS D] ,]GEBNISS5 D] ,EIDG5OSSIS*5 ,BETREIBSZAHLUNG VON ,AUG4 #i1 #a#i#e2 ,E4 ,RYS]1 ,L@&_?#a#d#f29DU/RIE HORLOG]E1 ,ZURI*1 #a#i#i2 ,J4 ,BECK1 ,DIE ,S*WEIZ]IS*E ,HAUS9DU/RIE1 IHRE SOZIALE UND WIR?S*AFTLI*E ,LAGE1 ,GRUTLIV]E91 #a#i#i4 

,DR4 ,J4 ,GRUNZEL COMES TO A SIMIL> CONCLUSION3 @&_?#a#d#g2,LIFE EXP]I5CE %[S ?AT ! HOME 9DU/RIES >E NOT A =M ( 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION :I* HAS HAD ITS TIME1@&_?#a#d#h2 HE WRITES 9 HIS A=EM5TION$ WORK4 @&_?#a#d#g2,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT PROVES TO BE POSSESS$ ( A GREAT LIFE =CE 9 C]TA9 BRAN*ES4 ,IT IS SPREAD 9 ALL BRAN*ES 9 :I* H&WORK (F]S ADVANTAGES ABOVE ! WORK ( ! MA*9E@&_?#a#d#h2 7P4 #d#f74 ,IT IS ALSO RETA9$ :]EV] ! VALUE ( LABOR EXCE$S V]Y MU* ! VALUE ( ! RAW PRODUCE2 & F9ALLY1 9 ALL ! BRAN*ES DEVOT$ TO >TICLES :I* >E RAPIDLY *ANG+ ) ! SEASONS OR ! VAG>IES ( FA%ION4 ,& HE %[S 7PP4 #df & #a#d#i7 H[ ! HOME 9DU/RIES HAVE BE5 9CREAS+ 9 ,G]MANY FROM #ahhb TO #a#h#i#e1 & H[ !Y >E WIDELY SPREAD 9 ,AU/RIA1 ,FRANCE1 ,SWITZ]L&1 ,ITALY1 ,BELGIUM1 & ,5GL&4 

,! CONCLUSIONS ( ,R4 VAN D] ,BOR<T >E QUITE SIMIL>4 

@&_?#a#d#g2,IT IS TRUE1@&_?#a#d#h2 ,DR4 VAN D] ,BOR<T SAYS1 @&_?#a#d#g2?AT ! NUMB]S ( >TISANS WORK+ S+LE-H&$ HAVE DIM9I%$ 9 NUMB]S 9 MO/ 9DU/RIES2 BUT !Y /ILL REPRES5T TWO-FIF?S ( ALL 9DU/RIES2 BUT !Y /ILL REPRES5T TWO-FIF?S ( ALL 9DU/RIAL E/ABLI%M5TS1 & EV5 MORE ?AN ONE-HALF 9 SEV]AL 9DU/RIES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! SMALL E/ABLI%M5TS 7HAV+ FROM ONE TO FIVE WORK]S7 HAVE 9CREAS$ 9 NUMB]S1 & !Y CONTA9 NE>LY ONE-HALF ( ALL ! 9DU/RIAL E/ABLI%M5TS1 & EV5 MORE ?AN ?AT 9 SEV]AL GR\PS4@&_?#a#d#h2 

,AS = ,KO*@&_?#a#d#f2S WORK1 ,DIE ,DEUTS*E ,HAUS9DU/RIE1 IT DES]VES SPECIAL M5TION = ! DISCUSSION IT CONTA9S ( ! MEASURES ADVOCAT$1 ON ! ONE SIDE1 = ! WE$+ \T ( ! DOME/IC 9DU/RIES1 &1 ON ! O!R SIDE1 = IMPROV+ ! CONDITION ( ! WORK]S & ! 9DU/RIES !MSELVES BY ! MEANS ( COOP]ATION1 CR$IT1 WORK%OPS@&_?#a#d#f2 9SPECTION1 & ! LIKE4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahig 3 ,APP5DIX ,X -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bag 3 ,APP5DIX ,X -- ,ADD$4 

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