,G&HI ,LETT]S 

#aia 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,AU?OR 3 ,G&HI 

,TAGS 3 R5\NCE ALL RESI/ANCE BY =CE1 LAW ( LOVE1 LAW ( LIFE1 RI<T ( MI<T1 LEO TOL/OY1 MILIT>Y S]VICE1 9DIAN DIALECTS1 YASNAYA POLYANA1 LAW1 LOVE4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY H#b!,E1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,TO ,G&HI4  

 ,I HAVE JU/ RECEIV$ Y\R V]Y 9T]E/+ LETT]1 :I* GAVE ME MU* PLEASURE4 ,GOD HELP \R DE> BRO!RS & C[ORK]S 9 ! ,TRANSVAAL6 ,AMONG US1 TOO1 ?IS FI<T BETWE5 G5TL5ESS & BRUTALITY1 BETWE5 HUMILITY & LOVE & PRIDE & VIOL5CE1 MAKES ITSELF EV] MORE /RONGLY FELT1 ESPECIALLY 9 A %>P COLLISION BETWE5 RELIGI\S DUTY & ! ,/ATE LAWS1 EXPRESS$ BY REFUSALS TO P]=M MILIT>Y S]VICE4 ,SU* REFUSALS OCCUR MORE & MORE (T54  

 ,I WROTE ! ',LETT] TO A ,H9DU'1 & AM V]Y PLEAS$ TO HAVE IT TRANSLAT$4 ,! ,MOSC[ PEOPLE WILL LET Y\ KN[ ! TITLE ( ! BOOK ON ,KRI%NA4 ,AS REG>DS 'RE-BIR?' ,I = MY P>T %\LD NOT OMIT ANY?+1 = ,I ?9K ?AT FAI? 9 A RE-BIR? WILL NEV] RE/RA9 MANK9D AS MU* AS FAI? 9 ! IMMORTALITY ( ! S\L & 9 DIV9E TRU? & LOVE4 ,BUT ,I LEAVE IT TO Y\ TO OMIT IT IF Y\ WI% TO4 ,I %ALL BE V]Y GLAD TO ASSI/ Y\R $ITION4 ,! TRANSLATION & DIFFUSION ( MY WRIT+S 9 ,9DIAN DIALECTS CAN ONLY BE A PLEASURE TO ME4  

 ,! QUE/ION ( MONET>Y PAYM5T %\LD1 ,I ?9K1 NOT >ISE 9 CONNECTION ) A RELIGI\S UND]TAK+4   

 ,I GREET Y\ FRAT]NALLY1 & AM GLAD TO HAVE COME 9 T\* ) Y\4  

 ,L,E,O ,T,O,L,/,O,Y4  

 7,UNDAT$1 BUT PROBABLY WRITT5 9 ,M>* #a#i#a47  

 ,TO ,C\NT ,LEO ,TOL/OY1 ,YASNAYA ,POLYANA1 ,RUSSIA4  

 ,J,O,H,A,N,N,E,S,B,U,R,G1 #d? ,APRIL #a#i#a4  

 ,DE> ,SIR1  

 ,Y\ WILL REMEMB] ?AT ,I WROTE TO Y\ FROM ,LONDON1 :]E ,I /AY$ 9 PASS+4 ,AS Y\R V]Y DEVOT$ ADH]5T ,I S5D Y\ TOGE!R ) ?IS LETT]1 A LITTLE BOOK ,I HAVE COMPIL$ 9 :I* ,I HAVE TRANSLAT$ MY [N WRIT+S FROM ,GUJ>ATI4 ,IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT ! ,9DIAN GOV]NM5T CONFISCAT$ ! ORIG9AL4 ,= ?AT REASON ,I HA/5$ TO PUBLI% ! TRANSLATION4 ,I AM AFRAID ( BURD5+ Y\1 BUT IF Y\R HEAL? P]MITS & Y\ HAVE TIME TO LOOK ?R\< ! BOOK ,I NE$ NOT SAY H[ MU* ,I %ALL VALUE Y\R CRITICISM ( IT4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ,I AM S5D+ Y\ A FEW COPIES ( Y\R ',LETT] TO A ,H9DU' :I* Y\ ALL[$ ME TO PUBLI%4 ,IT HAS ALSO BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ONE ( ! ,9DIAN DIALECTS4   

 ,Y\R HUMBLE S]VANT1 ,M4 ,K4 ,G,&,H,I4   

 ,TO ,MAHATMA ,G&HI4  

 ,Y,A,S,N,A,Y,A ,P,O,L,Y,A,N,A4 #h? ,MAY #a#i#a4 

 ,DE> FRI5D1  

 ,I HAVE JU/ RECEIV$ Y\R LETT] & Y\R BOOK1 ,9DIAN ,HOME ,RULE4  

 ,I HAVE READ ! BOOK ) GREAT 9T]E/1 = ,I CONSID] ! QUE/ION !RE DEALT )-,PASSIVE ,RESI/ANCE-TO BE ( V]Y GREAT IMPORTANCE NOT ONLY = ,9DIANS BUT = ! :OLE ( MANK9D4  

 ,I CANNOT F9D Y\R FIR/ LETT]1 BUT 9 LOOK+ = IT HAVE COME UPON ,DOKE'S BIOGRAPHY1 :I* MU* ATTRACT$ ME & 5ABL$ ME TO KN[ Y\ & UND]/& Y\ BETT]4   

 ,I AM NOT V]Y WELL AT PRES5T1 & !RE=E REFRA9 FROM WRIT+ ALL ?AT IS 9 MY HE>T AB\T Y\R BOOK & AB\T Y\R ACTIVITY 9 G5]AL1 :I* ,I VALUE HI<LY4 ,I WILL H[EV] DO SO AS SOON AS ,I AM BETT]4   

 ,Y\R FRI5D & BRO!R1 ,L,E,O ,T,O,L,/,O,Y4    

 ,TO ,G&HI1 ,JOHANNESBURG1 ,TRANSVAAL1 ,S\? ,AFRICA4  

 ,K,O,*,E,T,Y4 #g? ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#a4  

 ,I RECEIV$ Y\R J\RNAL1 ,9DIAN ,OP9ION1 & WAS GLAD TO SEE :AT IT SAYS ( ?OSE :O R5\NCE ALL RESI/ANCE BY =CE1 & ,I IMM$IATELY FELT A WI% TO LET Y\ KN[ :AT ?\<TS ITS P]USAL >\S$ 9 ME4   

 ,! LONG] ,I LIVE-ESPECIALLY N[ :5 ,I CLE>LY FEEL ! APPROA* ( DEA?-! MORE ,I FEEL MOV$ TO EXPRESS :AT ,I FEEL MORE /RONGLY ?AN ANY?+ ELSE1 & :AT 9 MY OP9ION IS ( IMM5SE IMPORTANCE1 NAMELY1 :AT WE CALL ! R5UNCIATION ( ALL OPPOSITION BY =CE1 :I* REALLY SIMPLY MEANS ! DOCTR9E ( ! LAW ( LOVE UNP]V]T$ BY SOPHI/RIES4 ,LOVE1 OR 9 O!R WORDS ! /RIV+ ( M5'S S\LS T[>DS UNITY & ! SUBMISSIVE BEHAVIOR TO ONE ANO!R ?AT RESULTS !REFROM1 REPRES5TS ! HI<E/ & 9DE$ ! ONLY LAW ( LIFE1 AS EV]Y MAN KN[S & FEELS 9 ! DEP?S ( HIS HE>T 7& AS WE SEE MO/ CLE>LY 9 *ILDR571 & KN[S UNTIL HE BECOMES 9VOLV$ 9 ! LY+ NET ( WORLDLY ?\<TS4 ,?IS LAW WAS ANN\NC$ BY ALL ! PHILOSOPHIES- ,9DIAN AS WELL AS ,*9ESE1 & ,JEWI%1 ,GREEK & ,ROMAN4 ,MO/ CLE>LY1 ,I ?9K1 WAS IT ANN\NC$ BY ,*RI/1 :O SAID EXPLICITLY ?AT ON IT HANG ALL ! ,LAW & ! ,PROPHETS4 ,MORE ?AN ?AT1 =ESEE+ ! DI/ORTION ?AT HAS H9D]$ ITS RECOGNITION & MAY ALWAYS H9D] IT1 HE SPECIALLY 9DICAT$ ! DANG] ( A MISREPRES5TATION ?AT PRES5TS ITSELF TO M5 LIV+ BY WORLDLY 9T]E/S- NAMELY1 ?AT !Y MAY CLAIM A RI<T TO DEF5D !IR 9T]E/S BY =CE OR1 AS HE EXPRESS$ IT1 TO REPAY BL[ BY BL[ & RECOV] /OL5 PROP]TY BY =CE1 ETC41 ETC4 ,HE KNEW1 AS ALL REASONABLE M5 MU/ DO1 ?AT ANY EMPLOYM5T ( =CE IS 9COMPATIBLE ) LOVE AS ! HI<E/ LAW ( LIFE1 & ?AT AS SOON AS ! USE ( =CE APPE>S P]MISSIBLE EV5 9 A S+LE CASE1 ! LAW ITSELF IS IMM$IATELY NEGATIV$4 ,! :OLE ( ,*RI/IAN CIVILIZATION1 \TW>DLY SO SPL5DID1 HAS GR[N UP ON ?IS /RANGE & FLAGRANT- P>TLY 9T5TIONAL BUT *IEFLY UNCONSCI\S-MISUND]/&+ & CONTRADICTION4 ,AT BOTTOM1 H[EV]1 ! LAW ( LOVE IS1 & CAN BE1 NO LONG] VALID IF DEF5SE BY =CE IS SET UP BESIDE IT4 ,& IF ONCE ! LAW ( LOVE IS NOT VALID1 !N !RE REMA9S NO LAW EXCEPT ! RI<T ( MI<T4 ,9 ?AT /ATE ,*RI/5DOM HAS LIV$ = #a1#i YE>S4 ,C]TA9LY M5 HAVE ALWAYS LET !MSELVES BE GUID$ BY =CE AS ! MA9 PR9CIPLE ( !IR SOCIAL ORD]4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! ,*RI/IAN & ALL O!R NATIONS IS ONLY ?IS3 ?AT 9 ,*RI/IANITY ! LAW ( LOVE HAD BE5 MORE CLE>LY & DEF9ITELY GIV5 ?AN 9 ANY O!R RELIGION1 & ?AT ITS ADH]5TS SOLEMNLY RECOGNIZ$ IT4 ,YET DESPITE ?IS !Y DEEM$ ! USE ( =CE TO BE P]MISSIBLE1 & BAS$ !IR LIVES ON VIOL5CE - SO ?AT ! LIFE ( ! ,*RI/IAN NATIONS PRES5TS A GREAT] CONTRADICTION BETWE5 :AT !Y BELIEVE & ! PR9CIPLE ON :I* !IR LIVES >E BUILT3 A CONTRADICTION BETWE5 LOVE :I* %\LD PRE SCRIBE ! LAW ( CONDUCT1 & ! EMPLOYM5T ( =CE1 RECOGNIZ$ UND] V>I\S =MS-SU* AS GOV]NM5TS1 C\RTS ( JU/ICE1 & >MIES1 :I* >E ACCEPT$ AS NECESS>Y & E/EEM$4 ,?IS CONTRADICTION 9CREAS$ ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! SPIRITUAL LIFE ( ,*RI/IANITY & 9 REC5T YE>S HAS REA*$ ! UTMO/ T5SION4   

 ,! QUE/ION N[ IS1 ?AT WE MU/ *OOSE ONE ( TWO ?+S-EI!R TO ADMIT ?AT WE RECOGNIZE NO RELIGI\S E?ICS AT ALL BUT LET \R CONDUCT ( LIFE BE DECID$ BY ! RI<T ( MI<T2 OR TO DEM& ?AT ALL COMPULSORY LEVY+ ( TAXES BE DISCONT9U$1 & ALL \R LEGAL & POLICE 9/ITUTIONS1 & ABOVE ALL1 MILIT>Y 9/ITUTIONS1 BE ABOLI%$4   

 ,?IS SPR+1 AT A SCRIPTURE EXAM9ATION 9 A ,MOSC[ GIRLS' S*OOL1 FIR/ !IR RELIGI\S TEA*] & !N AN >*BI%OP :O WAS ALSO PRES5T1 QUE/ION$ ! GIRLS ON ! T5 COMM&M5TS1 ESPECIALLY ON ! SIX?4 ,AFT] ! COMM&M5TS HAD BE5 CORRECTLY RECIT$ ! >*BI%OP SOMETIMES PUT A QUE/ION1 USUALLY3 ',IS IT ALWAYS & 9 EV]Y CASE =BIDD5 BY ! LAW ( ,GOD TO KILL8' ,& ! UN=TUNATE GIRLS1 MISL$ BY !IR 9/RUCTOR1 HAD TO ANSW] & DID ANSW]3 ',NOT ALWAYS1 = IT IS P]MISSIBLE 9 W> & AT EXECUTIONS4' ,:51 H[EV]1 ?IS CU/OM>Y ADDITIONAL QUE/ION-:E!R IT IS ALWAYS A S9 TO KILL-WAS PUT TO ONE ( !SE UN=TUNATE CREATURES 7:AT ,I AM TELL+ Y\ IS NOT AN ANECDOTE1 BUT ACTUALLY HAPP5$ & WAS TOLD ME BY AN EYEWITNESS7 ! GIRL COLOR$ UP & ANSW]$ DECID$LY & ) EMOTION - ',ALWAYS6' ,& DESPITE ALL ! CU/OM>Y SOPHI/RIES ( ! >*BI%OP1 %E HELD /EADFA/LY TO IT-?AT TO KILL IS UND] ALL CIRCUM/ANCES =BIDD5 EV5 9 ! ,OLD ,TE/AM5T1 & ?AT ,*RI/ HAS NOT ONLY =BIDD5 US TO KILL1 BUT 9 G5]AL TO DO ANY H>M TO \R NEI<BOR4 ,! >*BI%OP1 = ALL HIS MAJE/Y & V]BAL DEXT]ITY1WAS SIL5C$1 & VICTORY REMA9$ ) ! GIRL4   

 ,YES1 WE MAY WRITE 9 ! PAP]S ( \R PROGRESS 9 MA/]Y ( ! AIR1 ( COMPLICAT$ DIPLOMATIC RELATION1 ( V>I\S CLUBS1 ( DISCOV]IES1 ( ALL SORTS ( ALLIANCES1 & ( SO-CALL$ WORKS ( >T1 & WE CAN PASS LI<TLY OV] :AT ?AT GIRL SAID4 ,BUT WE CANNOT COMPLETELY SIL5CE H]1 = EV]Y ,*RI/IAN FEELS ! SAME1 H[EV] VAGUELY HE MAY DO SO4 ,SOCIALISM1 ,COMMUNISM1 ,AN>*ISM' ,SALVATION ,>MIES1 ! GR[? ( CRIME1 FRE$OM FROM TOIL1 ! 9CREAS+LY ABSURD LUXURY ( ! RI* & 

9CREAS$ MIS]Y ( ! POOR1 ! FE>FULLY RIS+ NUMB] ( SUICIDES->E ALL 9DICATIONS ( ?AT 9N] CONTRADICTION :I* MU/ & WILL BE RESOLV$4 ,&1 ( C\RSE1 RESOLV$ 9 SU* A MANN] ?AT ! LAW ( LOVE WILL BE RECOGNIZ$ & ALL RELIANCE ON =CE AB&ON$4 ,Y\R WORK 9 ! ,TRANSVAAL1 :I* TO US SEEMS TO BE AT ! 5D ( ! E>?1 IS YET 9 ! C5T] ( \R 9T]E/ & SUPPLIES ! MO/ WEI<TY PRACTICAL PRO(1 9 :I* ! WORLD CAN N[ %>E1 & NOT ONLY ! ,*RI/IAN BUT ALL ! PEOPLES ( ! WORLD CAN P>TICIPATE4   

 ,I ?9K IT WILL PLEASE Y\ TO HE> ?AT H]E 9 ,RUSSIA1 TOO1 A SIMIL> MOVEM5T IS RAPIDLY ATTRACT+ ATT5TION1 & REFUSALS ( MILIT>Y S]VICE 9CREASE YE> BY YE>4 ,H[EV] SMALL AS YET IS ) Y\ ! NUMB] ( ?OSE :O R5\NCE ALL RESI/ANCE BY =CE1 & ) US ! NUMB] ( M5 :O REFUSE ANY MILIT>Y S]VICE-BO? ! ONE & ! O!R CAN SAY3 ,GOD IS ) US1 & ,GOD IS MI<TI] ?AN MAN4   

 ,9 ! CONFESSION ( ,*RI/IANITY-EV5 A ,*RI/IANITY DE=M$ AS IS ?AT TAU<T AMONG US-& A SIMULTANE\S BELIEF 9 ! NECESSITY ( >MIES & PREP>ATIONS TO SLAU<T] ON AN EV]-9CREAS+ SCALE1 !RE IS AN OBVI\S CONTRADICTION ?AT CRIES TO HEAV51 & ?AT SOON] OR LAT]1 BUT PROBABLY QUITE SOON1 MU/ APPE> 9 ! LI<T ( DAY 9 ITS COMPLETE NAK$NESS4 ,?AT1 H[EV]1 WILL EI!R ANNIHILATE ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION1 :I* IS 9DISP5SABLE = ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! ,/ATE1 OR IT WILL SWEEP AWAY ! MILIT>Y & ALL ! USE ( =CE B\ND UP ) IT-:I* ! ,/ATE NE$S NO LESS4 ,ALL GOV]NM5TS >E AW>E ( ?IS CONTRADICTION1 Y\R ,BRITI% AS MU* AS \R ,RUSSIAN1 & !RE=E ITS RECOGNITION WILL BE MORE 5]GETICALLY OPPOS$ BY ! GOV]NM5TS ?AN ANY O!R ACTIVITY 9IMICAL TO ! ,/ATE1 AS WE 9 ,RUSSIA HAVE EXP]I5C$ & AS IS %[N BY ! >TICLES 9 Y\R MAGAZ9E4 ,! GOV]NM5TS KN[ FROM :AT DIRECTION ! GREATE/ DANG] ?REAT5S !M1 & >E ON GU>D ) WAT*FUL EYES NOT M]ELY TO PRES]VE !IR 9T]E/S BUT ACTUALLY TO FI<T = !IR V]Y EXI/5CE4   

 ,Y\RS ETC41 ,L,E,O ,T,O,L,/,O,Y4  

7,S\RCE3 ,RECOLLECTIONS @& ,ESSAYS BY ,LEO ,TOL/OY4 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 ,LONDON1 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,TORONTO1 #a#i#c#g1 PAGES #d#c#c-#d#c#i4  ,TEXT FROM ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aii 3 ,G&HI ,LETT]S -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bag 3 ,G&HI ,LETT]S -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,G&HI ,LETT]S -- ,UPDAT$4 

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