,GRADUALISM #aibe ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A ,TEXT 3 ,PHOTO BY ,BRIDGET ,L\ISE1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,9 ! C\RSE ( ?OSE POLEMICS :I* >ISE AMONG AN>*I/S AS TO ! BE/ TACTICS = A*IEV+1 OR APPROA*+ ! CREATION ( AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY - & !Y >E USEFUL1 & 9DE$ NECESS>Y >GUM5TS :5 !Y REFLECT MUTUAL TOL]ANCE & TRU/ & AVOID P]SONAL RECRIM9ATIONS - IT (T5 HAPP5S ?AT SOME REPROA* O!RS ) BE+ GRADUALI/S1 & ! LATT] REJECT ! T]M AS IF IT W]E AN 9SULT4 ,YET ! FACT IS ?AT1 9 ! REAL S5SE ( ! WORD & GIV5 ! LOGIC ( \R PR9CIPLES1 WE >E ALL GRADUALI/S4 ,& ALL ( US1 9 :ATEV] DIFF]5T WAYS1 HAVE TO BE4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT C]TA9 WORDS1 ESPECIALLY 9 POLITICS1 >E CONT9UALLY *ANG+ !IR MEAN+ & (T5 ASSUME ONE ?AT IS QUITE CONTR>Y TO ! ORIG9AL1 LOGICAL & NATURAL S5SE ( ! T]M4 ,?US ! WORD POSSIBILI/4 ,IS !RE ANYONE ( S\ND M9D :O W\LD S]I\SLY CLAIM TO WANT ! IMPOSSIBLE8 ,YET 9 ,FRANCE ! T]M BECAME ! SPECIAL LABEL ( A SECTION ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY :O W]E FOLL[]S ( ! =M] AN>*I/1 ,PAUL ,BR\SSE - & MORE WILL+ ?AN O!RS TO R5\NCE SOCIALISM 9 PURSUIT ( AN IMPOSSIBLE COOP]ATION ) B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,SU* TOO IS ! CASE ) ! WORD OPPORTUNI/4 ,:O ACTUALLY WANTS TO BE AN 9-OPPORTUNI/1 & AS SU* R5\NCE :AT OPPORTUNITIES >ISE8 ,YET 9 ,FRANCE ! T]M OPPORTUNI/ 5D$ UP BY BE+ APPLI$ SPECIFICALLY TO FOLL[]S ( ,GAMBETTA.<#a.> & IS /ILL US$ 9 ! PEJORATIVE S5SE TO MEAN A P]SON OR P>TY )\T IDEAS OR PR9CIPLES & GUID$ BY BASE & %ORT-T]M 9T]E/S4 ,! SAME IS TRUE ( ! WORD TRANS=MI/4 ,:O W\LD D5Y ?AT EV]Y?+ 9 ! WORLD & 9 LIFE EVOLVES & *ANGES8 ,:O TODAY IS NOT A 0TRANS=M]80 ,YET ! WORD WAS US$ TO DESCRIBE ! CORRUPT & %ORT-T]M POLICIES PIONE]$ BY ! ,ITALIAN ,DEPRETIS4.<#b.> ,IT W\LD BE A GOOD ?+ TO PUT A BRAKE ON ! HABIT ( ATTRIBUT+ TO WORDS A MEAN+ ?AT IS DIFF]5T FROM !IR ORIG9AL S5SE & :I* GIVES RISE TO SU* CONFUSION & MISUND]/&+4 ,BUT H[ TO DO IT IS ANO!R MATT]1 P>TICUL>LY :5 ! *ANGE 9 MEAN+ IS A DELIB]ATE TACTIC ON ! P>T ( POLITICIANS TO DISGUISE !IR 9IQUIT\S PURPOSES BEH9D F9E WORDS4 ,MAYBE IT IS TRUE1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! WORD GRADUALI/1 AS APPLI$ TO AN>*I/S1 C\LD 5D UP 9 FACT DESCRIB+ ?OSE :O USE ! EXCUSE ( DO+ ?+S GRADUALLY1 AS & :5 !Y BECOME POSSIBLE1 & 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS DO NO?+ AT ALL - EI!R ?AT OR MOVE1 IF !Y MOVE AT ALL1 9 A CONTR>Y DIRECTION TO AN>*Y4 ,IF ?IS IS ! CASE ! T]M HAS TO BE REJECT$4 ,YET ! REAL S5SE ( GRADUALISM REMA9S ! SAME3 EV]Y?+ 9 NATURE & 9 LIFE *ANGES BY DEGREES1 & ?IS IS NO LESS TRUE ( AN>*Y4 ,IT CAN ONLY COME AB\T LITTLE BY LITTLE4 "9"9"9 ,AS ,I WAS SAY+ E>LI]1 AN>*ISM IS ( NECESSITY GRADUALI/4 ,AN>*Y CAN BE SE5 AS ABSOLUTE P]FECTION1 & IT IS RIIAN P>TIES1 BY :I* ,I MEAN ?OSE :O BELIEVE IT BO? MORAL & EXP$I5T TO IMPOSE A GIV5 SOCIAL ORD] BY =CE1 MAY HOPE - VA9 HOPE6 - ?AT :5 !Y COME TO P[] !Y CAN1 BY US+ ! LAWS1 DECREES444 & G5D>MES SUBJECT EV]YBODY 9DEF9ITELY TO !IR WILL4 ,BUT SU* HOPES & WI%ES >E 9CONCEIVABLE = ! AN>*I/S1 S9CE AN>*I/S SEEK TO IMPOSE NO?+ BUT RESPECT = LIB]TY & C\NT ON ! =CE ( P]SUASION & P]CEIV$ ADVANTAGES ( FREE COOP]ATION = ! REALIZATION ( !IR IDEALS4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ,I BELIEVE 7AS1 BY WAY ( POLEMIC1 ONE UNSCRUPUL\S & ILL-9=M$ RE=MI/ PAP] HAD ME BELIEVE7 ?AT TO A*IEVE AN>*Y WE MU/ WAIT TILL EV]YONE BECOMES AN AN>*I/4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ,I BELIEVE - & ?IS IS :Y ,I'M A REVOLUTION>Y - ?AT UND] PRES5T CONDITIONS ONLY A SMALL M9ORITY1 FAVOR$ BY SPECIAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 CAN MANAGE TO CONCEIVE :AT AN>*Y IS4 ,IT W\LD BE WI%FUL ?9K+ TO HOPE = A G5]AL CONV]SION BE=E A *ANGE ACTUALLY TOOK PLACE 9 ! K9D ( 5VIRONM5T 9 :I* AU?ORIT>IANISM & PRIVILEGE N[ FL\RI%4 ,IT IS PRECISELY = ?IS REASON ?AT ,I BELIEVE 9 ! NE$ TO ORGANIZE = ! BR++ AB\T ( AN>*Y1 OR ANY RATE ?AT DEGREE ( AN>*Y :I* W\LD BECOME GRADUALLY FEASIBLE1 AS SOON AS A SUFFICI5T AM\NT ( FRE$OM HAS BE5 WON & A NUCLEUS ( AN>*I/S SOME:]E EXI/S ?AT IS BO? NUM]ICALLY /RONG 5\< & ABLE TO BE SELF-SUFFICI5T & TO SPREAD ITS 9FLU5CE LOCALLY4 ,I REPEAT1 WE NE$ TO ORGANIZE \RSELVES TO APPLY AN>*Y1 OR ?AT DEGREE ( AN>*Y :I* BECOMES GRADUALLY POSSIBLE4 ,S9CE WE CANNOT CONV]T EV]YBODY ALL AT ONCE & ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE & ! 9T]E/S ( PROPAG&A DO NOT ALL[ US TO REMA9 9 ISOLATION FROM ! RE/ ( SOCIETY1 WAYS NE$ TO BE F\ND TO PUT AS MU* ( AN>*Y AS POSSIBLE 9TO PRACTICE AMONG PEOPLE :O >E NOT AN>*I/ OR :O >E ONLY SYMPA!TIC4 ,! PROBLEM1 !RE=E1 IS NOT :E!R !RE IS A NE$ TO PROCE$ GRADUALLY BUT TO SEEK ! QUICKE/ & S9C]E/ WAY ?AT LEADS TO ! REALIZATION ( \R IDEALS4 "9"9"9 ,?R\<\T ! WORLD TODAY ! WAY IS BLOCK$ BY PRIVILEGES CONQU]$1 AS A RESULT ( A LONG HI/ORY ( VIOL5CE & MI/AKES1 BY C]TA9 CLASSES :I* 9 ADDITION TO AN 9TELLECTUAL & TE*NICAL SUP]IORITY :I* !Y 5JOY AS A RESULT ( !SE PRIVILEGES1 ALSO DISPOSE ( >M$ =CES RECRUIT$ AMONG ! SUBJECT CLASSES & USE !M :5 !Y ?9K NECESS>Y )\T SCRUPLES OR RE/RA9T4 ,?AT IS :Y REVOLUTION IS NECESS>Y4 ,REVOLUTION DE/ROYS ! /ATE ( VIOL5CE 9 :I* WE LIVE N[1 & CREATES ! MEANS = PEACEFUL DEVELOPM5T T[>DS EV] GREAT] FRE$OM1 GREAT] JU/ICE & GREAT] SOLID>ITY4 "9"9"9 ,:AT %\LD ! AN>*I/S' TACTICS BE BE=E1 DUR+ & AFT] ! REVOLUTION8 ,NO D\BT C5SOR%IP W\LD =BID US TO SAY :AT NE$S TO BE DONE BE=E ! REVOLUTION1 9 ORD] TO PREP>E = IT & TO C>RY IT \T4 ,9 ANY CASE1 IT IS A SUBJECT BADLY H&L$ 9 ! PRES5CE ( ! 5EMY4 ,IT IS1 H[EV]1 VALID TO PO9T \T ?AT WE NE$ TO REMA9 TRUE TO \RSELVES1 TO SPREAD ! WORD & TO $UCATE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE1 & AVOID ALL COMPROMISE ) ! 5EMY & TO HOLD \RSELVES READY1 AT LEA/ 9 SPIRIT1 TO SEIZE ALL OPPORTUNITIES ?AT MIISE4 "9"9"9 ,& DUR+ ! REVOLUTION8 ,LET ME BEG9 BY SAY+1 WE CAN'T MAKE ! REVOLUTION ON \R [N2 NOR W\LD IT BE DESIRABLE TO DO SO4 ,UNLESS ! :OLE ( ! C\NTRY IS BEH9D IT1 TOGE!R ) ALL ! 9T]E/S1 BO? ACTUAL & LAT5T1 ( ! PEOPLE1 ! REVOLUTION WILL FAIL4 ,& 9 ! F> FROM PROBABLE CASE ?AT WE A*IEV$ VICTORY ON \R [N1 WE %\LD F9D \RSELVES 9 AN ABSURDLY UNT5ABLE POSITION3 EI!R BECAUSE1 BY ! V]Y FACT ( IMPOS+ \R WILL1 COMM&+ & CON/RA9+1 WE W\LD CEASE TO BE AN>*I/S & DE/ROY ! REVOLUTION BY \R AU?ORIT>IANISM2 OR BECAUSE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE W\LD RETREAT FROM ! FIELD1 LEAV+ O!RS1 ) AIMS OPPOS$ TO \R [N1 TO PR(IT FROM \R EF=T4 ,SO WE %\LD ACT TOGE!R ) ALL PROGRESSIVE =CES & VANGU>D P>TIES TO ATTRACT ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE 9TO ! MOVEM5T & >\SE !IR 9T]E/1 ALL[+ ! REVOLUTION - ( :I* WE W\LD =M A P>T1 AMONG O!RS - TO YIELD :AT IT CAN4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT WE %\LD R5\NCE \R SPECIFIC AIMS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE %\LD HAVE TO KEEP CLOSELY UNIT$ & DI/9CTLY SEP>ATE FROM ! RE/ 9 FIISE ?AT SEEK TO OB/RUCT ! PEOPLE'S 9ITIATIVE & IMPOSE !IR [N WILL1 WE MU/ HAVE NO P>T 9 !M1 NEV] GIVE !M ANY RECOGNITION4 ,WE MU/ 5DEAVOR TO 5SURE ?AT ! PEOPLE REFUSE !M ! MEANS ( GOV]N+ - REFUSE !M1 ?AT IS1 ! SOLDI]S & ! REV5UE2 SEE TO IT ?AT ?OSE P[]S REMA9 WEAK444 UNTIL ! DAY COMES :5 WE CAN CRU% !M ONCE & = ALL4 ,ANYWAY1 WE MU/ LAY CLAIM TO & DEM&1 ) =CE IF NE$S BE1 \R FULL AUTONOMY1 & ! RITICUL>LY RELEVANT4 ,WE MU/ PAY ATT5TION TO ! PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ( LIFE3 PRODUCTION1 TRADE1 COMMUNICATIONS1 RELATIONS BETWE5 AN>*I/ GR\PS & ?OSE :O RETA9 A BELIEF 9 AU?ORITY1 BETWE5 COMMUNI/ COLLECTIVES & 9DIVIDUALI/S1 BETWE5 ! CITY & ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,WE MU/ MAKE SURE TO USE TO \R ADVANTAGE ! =CES ( NATURE & RAW MAT]IALS1 & ?AT WE ATT5D TO 9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL DI/RIBUTION - ACCORD+ TO ! CONDITIONS PREVAIL+ AT ! TIME 9 ! V>I\S DIFF]5T C\NTRIES - PUBLIC $UCATION1 *ILDC>E & C>E = ! H&ICAPP$1 HEAL? & M$ICAL S]VICES1 PROTECTION BO? AGA9/ COMMON CRIM9ALS & ?OSE1 MORE 9SIDI\S1 :O CONT9UE TO ATTEMPT TO SUPPRESS ! FRE$OM ( O!RS 9 ! 9T]E/S ( 9DIVIDUALS & P>TIES1 ETC4 ,! SOLUTIONS TO EA* PROBLEM MU/ NOT ONLY BE ! MO/ ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ONES BUT MU/ RESPOND TO ! IMP]ATIVES ( JU/ICE & LIB]TY & BE ?OSE MO/ LIKELY TO KEEP OP5 ! WAY TO FUTURE IMPROVEM5TS4 ,IF NECESS>Y1 JU/ICE1 LIB]TY & SOLID>ITY MU/ TAKE PRIORITY OV] ECONOMIC B5EFIT4 ,!RE IS NO NE$ TO ?9K 9 T]MS ( DE/ROY+ EV]Y?+ 9 ! BELIEF ?AT ?+S WILL LOOK AFT] !MSELVES4 ,\R PRES5T CIVILIZATION IS ! RESULT ( ?\S&S ( YE>S ( DEVELOPM5T & HAS F\ND SOME MEANS ( SOLV+ ! PROBLEM ( H[ MILLIONS & MILLIONS ( PEOPLE CO-HABIT1 (T5 CR[D$ TOGE!R 9 RE/RICT$ >ES1 & H[ !IR EV]-9CREAS+ & EV] MORE COMPLEX NE$S CAN BE SATISFI$4 ,SU* B5EFITS >E R$UC$ - & = ! GREAT MAJORITY ( PEOPLE VIRTUALLY D5I$ - DUE TO ! FACT ?AT ! DEVELOPM5T HAS BE5 C>RI$ \T BY AU?ORIT>IAN MEANS & 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,BUT1 IF ! RULES & PRIVILEGES >E REMOV$1 ! REAL GA9S REMA93 ! TRIUMPHS ( HUMANK9D OV] ! ADV]SE =CES ( NATURE1 ! ACCUMULAT$ WEII\S HUMAN GR\P+S1 SO LONG AS !Y DO NOT H>M ! FRE$OM & EQUAL RILY1 DO+ ALL WE CAN1 ?R\< /UDY1 WORK & PROPAG&A1 TO HA/5 DEVELOPM5T T[>DS EV] HI<] IDEALS4 "9"9"9 ,I HAVE H]E COME UP ) MORE PROBLEMS ?AN SOLUTIONS4 ,BUT ,I BELIEVE ,I HAVE SUCC9CTLY PRES5T$ ! CRIT]IA :I* MU/ GUIDE US 9 ! SE>* & APPLICATION ( ! SOLUTIONS1 :I* WILL C]TA9LY BE MANY & V>Y ACCORD+ TO CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,BUT1 SO F> AS WE >E CONC]N$1 !Y MU/ ALWAYS BE CONSI/5T ) ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( AN>*ISM3 NO-ONE ORD]S ANYONE ELSE >\ND1 NO-ONE EXPLOITS ANYONE ELSE4 ,IT IS ! TASK ( ALL COMRADES TO ?9K1 /UDY & PREP>E - & TO DO SO ) ALL SPE$ & ?OR\E 0DYNAMIC0 & WE MU/ BE READY = :AT MI ,LEON ,GAMBETTA WAS A PROM95T REPUBLICAN POLITICIAN ( ! ,FR5* ,?IRD ,REPUBLIC1 UNTIL HIS DEA? 9 #a#h#h#b4 .<#b.> ,AGO/9O ,DEPRETIS WAS ,ITALIAN PRIME M9I/] N9E TIMES BETWE5 #ahgf & #a#h#h#g4 ,DUR+ HIS UN9T]RUPT$ PREMI]%IP FROM #ahha TO #ahhg HE *ANG$ HIS CAB9ET FIVE TIMES1 SUPPORT$ BY MAJORITIES ?AT %IFT$ FROM ! ,LEFT TO ! ,RI*I/ ,REVOLUTION3 ,POLEMICAL ,>TICLES #a#i#b#d-#a#i#c#a1 $IT$ & 9TRODUC$ BY ,V]NON ,RI*>DS 7,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e71 P4#h#b-#h#g4 ,ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ AS 0,GRADUALISMO10 ,P5SI]O E ,VOLANTA 7,ROME7 #b1 ,NO4 #a#b1 #a ,OCTOB] #a#i#b#e47 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,SEPTEMB] #c1 #aibe 3 ,GRADUALISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,JULY #a#f1 #bai 3 ,GRADUALISM -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,GRADUALISM -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/