,IMMUTABLE ,TABLETS ,( ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,!ORY ,( ,! ,P>TY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ PUBLI%$3 9 ,ITALIAN AS 0,TAVOLE IMMUTABILI DELLA TEORIA COMUNI/A DEL P>TITO0 9 ,IL ,PROGRAMMA ,COMUNI/A ,NO4 #e1 ,M>* #a#a-#b#e1 #a#i#f4 
,TRANSLAT$3 FROM ! ,ITALIAN BY ,ANY?+,=,PROXIMITY2 
,S\RCE ( ! ,ITALIAN TEXT3 N"4#a4 
,FUNDAM5TAL ,M>XI/ TEXT 

,AT ! CONCLUD+ SESSION ( ! ,LA ,SPEZIA MEET+ .<#a.> &1 AT GREAT] L5G?1 9 ! CORRESPOND+ REPORT 7= :I* SEE ISSUES #a#e1 #a#f1 #a#g1 & #ah ( ,IL ,PROGRAMMA ,COMUNI/A FROM #a#i#e#i71 A REIT]ATION ( ESS5TIAL TOPICS TOOK PLACE ON ! OCCASION ( \R EXAM9ATION ( ! 0,ECONOMIC & ,PHILOSOPHIC ,MANUSCRIPTS ( #a#h#d#d0 BY ,K>L ,M>X4 

,IT WAS NOT$ ?AT ! V>I\S $ITIONS ( ?IS TEXT & ITS TRANSLATIONS 9TO DIFF]5T LANGUAGES >E NOT 9 AGREEM5T ) ONE ANO!R1 & ?AT ?IS LACK ( AGREEM5T IS ESPECIALLY PRON\NC$ :5 IT COMES TO ! ORD] ( ! 9DIVIDUAL SUBJECTS & *APT]S1 :I* IS DUE TO ! DIFFICULTY ( RECON/RUCT+ ! ORIG9AL TEXT4 ,! TEXTS 9 ,G]MAN1 ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 & ,ITALIAN ?AT WE HAVE AT \R DISPOSAL NOT ONLY DO NOT AGREE ON SOME P>TICUL>LY IMPORTANT PASSAGES1 BUT !Y DO NOT EV5 ALL CONTA9 ! SAME MAT]IAL4 

,:5 WE MADE USE ( IT - ALL ( IT1 & ALL ( GREAT SIGNIFICANCE - WE DID NOT MAKE IT A PO9T TO RE9TRODUCE \R !ORY1 NOR TO 9S]T FOOTNOTES2 RA!R1 WE PICK$ UP A FEW PO9TS ?AT >E BR\<T 9TO FOCUS 9 ! QUE/IONS :I* TODAY - EV5 & ESPECIALLY TODAY - TR\BLE ! MOVEM5T ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS4 ,AS ALWAYS1 WE DID SO 9 SUPPORT ( ! !SIS ?AT ! P>TY ( ?IS CLASS W\LD NOT HAVE DEVIAT$ & ]R$ IF1 9/EAD ( EMB>K+ ON ! FRUITLESS SE>* = NEW TRU?S1 NEW DIRECTIONS1 & NEW DOCTR9AL & PROGRAMMATIC T5ETS1 IT HAD BE5 BR\<T BACK TO ! TABLETS ( /ONE UPON :I* IT WAS F\ND$4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO ! COMMON WISDOM1 ?IS WORK1 9 :I* ! NASC5T COMMUNI/ P>TY 9SCRIB$ ITS PR9CIPL$ ANTI!SIS TO B\RGEOIS CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY & ITS GREAT ,G]MAN 9C>NATIONS ( ! FIR/ HALF ( ! #a#i? C5TURY1 %\LD BE C\NT$ AMONG SU* TABLETS ( LAW1 :I* TOGE!R CON/ITUTE A S+LE COH]5T SY/EM1 ) NO LESS IMPORTANCE ?AN ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O & ,CAPITAL4 ,BETWE5 ?IS FIR/ ACTION ( DOCTR9AL ASSAULT ON ! IDEOLOGY ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS & ?OSE ?AT FOLL[$ 9 ! FIELDS ( CRITIQUE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY & ( CONTEMPOR>Y HI/ORY1 !RE IS NO DISRUPTION ( CONT9UITY4 ,IT IS A MY? CREAT$ BY ! DI/ORT]S ( ,M>XISM ?AT BETWE5 !SE TWO /AGES !RE MU/ BE 9T]POS$ ,K>L ,M>X'S NOVEL-LIKE CONV]SION FROM ! ,HEGELIAN IDEALISM ?AT HE PR(ESS$ 9 HIS Y\? TO ! DOCTR9E ( HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM1 :I* HE IS SAID TO HAVE F\ND$ OR DISCOV]$4 ,\R EXAM9ATION AIMS TO E/ABLI% ?AT ?IS NEV] HAPP5$1 & ?AT 9 ,M>X - ?AT IS TO SAY1 9 ! VOICE 9 :I* ! BIR? ( ! NEW HI/ORICAL CLASS DOCTR9E F\ND ITS EXPRESSION - ! LE>N+1 CRITIQUE1 & REFUTATION ( ! ,HEGELIAN SY/EM W]E SIMULTANE\S PROCESSES4 ,SU* CONSI/5CY & UNITY ( /RUCTURE W]E CLAIM$ BY .<\R.> GREAT S*OOL ?R\<\T ! :OLE LIFE ( ,M>X & ,5GELS1 AS WELL AS ?R\<\T ?AT ( ,L59 & UNADULT]AT$ ,L59I/S2 & = US1 ! LA/ /UD5TS ( & OB/9ATE BELIEV]S 9 !SE SAME TEXTS1 :I* WE DEF5D AT EV]Y /EP AS TRUE COMBAT POSITIONS1 ?AT IS EXACTLY :AT !Y HAVE BE5 UP TO ! PRES5T DAY & :AT !Y %ALL BE UNTIL ! COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION HAS CONQU]$4 

,BECAUSE \R DEM&S & PROPAG&A >E 9DE$ NOT ?OSE ( S*OLA/IC LECTUR]S1 BUT ( M5 ( ! P>TY1 & >E NOT PRES5T$ ONE AFT] ! O!R 9 PROGRAMMATIC !SES ( ACADEMIC /YLE1 IT MAY BE USEFUL TO REM9D ! READ] ( ! \TL9E ( ! REPORT FROM ,LA ,SPEZIA1 :I* = !SE CLE> REASONS L+]$ ON PO9TS P]TA9+ TO .<\R.> LIV+ POLEMIC AGA9/ TODAY'S DISGU/+ TRAITORS TO ,M>XISM - PRECISELY AGA9/ ?OSE :O1 EV5 AS !Y CLAIM IT AS !IR [N CRE$1 %AMEFULLY BLASPHEME AGA9/ IT4 

,FROM PROP]TY TO COMMUNISM 

,S9CE IT WAS AN UNDISPUT$ M]IT ( ,HEGEL1 AS WELL AS ( ALL MOD]N CRITICISM ?AT CON/ITUTES ! IDEOLOGICAL REFLECTION ( ! LIB]AL B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 TO BREAK ) ! IMMOBILITY ( ! METAPHYSICAL JUXTAPOSITIONS ( OPPOSITES *>ACT]I/IC ( ! FEUDAL ANCI5S REGIMES 7,GOD & ! ,DEVIL1 ,GOOD & ,EVIL7 & TO 9TRODUCE 9TO ! LIFE ( ! M9D - &1 ALMO/ UNKN[+LY & UN9T5TIONALLY1 ALSO 9TO ! HI/ORY ( HUMANITY - ! VITAL LI<T ( MOTION1 9 ! ,BATTLE ?AT ,M>X LAUN*$ AGA9/ ! MA/] & HIS MORE OR LESS DEG5]ATE PUPILS 7! LATT] REPRES5T$ ONLY BY ,FEU]BA*7 HE AVAIL$ HIMSELF ( ! SAME MA*9]Y ( W> AS ! S*OOL ?AT WAS TO BE REFUT$ - AS IF US+ WEAPONS CAPTUR$ FROM ! 5EMY4 

,! CLASSICAL WAY ( CONDUCT+ ! MANEUV]1 :I* HAD 9TUIT$ ! LI<T ( ! DIALECTIC BUT REGRETTABLY FAIL$ TO LEAVE ! T]RA9 ( IDEALI/IC & MY/ICAL DECEPTION1 CONSI/$ 9 AN 9ITIAL MOVEM5T 9 :I* ! SUBJECT1 CONSCI\SNESS1 /EPP$ \TSIDE ( ITSELF4 

,M>X1 PRECISELY 9 ORD] TO ANNIHILATE ! VAGU5ESS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & SUBJECTIVI/ SY/EM ?AT *>ACT]IZES ! ESS5TIAL P>TS ( ! ,HEGELIAN /RUCTURE 7,LOGIC & ,PH5OM5OLOGY71 ADOPTS = A MOM5T ! SAME S*EMA ( ! D\BLE MOVEM5T4 ,BUT IT IS NO LONG] A ?9K+ & CONSCI\S TIMELESS SUBJECT ?AT DEVOTES ITSELF1 ON AN AB/RACT LEVEL1 TO ! SPORT ( /EPP+ \TSIDE ( ITSELF 7ALI5ATION1 EXT]IORIZATION7 9 ORD] TO LOOK AT ITSELF FROM AF>1 & CONFIRM3 ,I DO EXI/6 - & !N RETURN+ TO ! SAME P]SONAL RECEPTACLE1 ! BRA91 TO SCALE ?IS /EP ( ! /AIRCASE ( C]TA9TIES1 LEAD+ UP TO ! SUMMIT ( ! MY/ICAL PYRAMID :]E !RE WILL BE - :O KN[S H[ OR :Y - 0,ABSOLUTE0 KN[L$GE4 ,IT IS 9/EAD A PHYSICAL1 TANGIBLE1 & REAL BE+1 ! WORK] ( ! CAPITALI/ AGE1 :O C>RIES \T ?IS TRAGIC EXP]IM5T ( BECOM+ E/RANG$ FROM HIMSELF4 ,& ,M>X POSES ! PROBLEM ( ! SECOND MOVEM5T1 ! TRUE RETURN1 SEEK+ ITS GOAL4 

,?US WE %[$ ?AT ! ,HEGELIAN S*EME1 SEEM+LY ACCEPT$ & APPLI$ BY ,M>X1 WAS 9 FACT RADICALLY TRANSPOS$ BY HIM 9 A REVOLUTION>Y MANN]1 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY ! USE ?AT ,HEGEL HAD MADE ( IT4 ,! METAMORPHOSIS :I* ! MAN ( ! MOD]N AGE1 ! WAGE-E>N+ PROLET>IAN1 UND]GOES 9 ! ECONOMY ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 IS A SEP>ATION FROM ! HUMAN ESS5CE1 TO :I* ! MEMB]S ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES W]E CLOS]4 ,ALI5AT$ BY ! WAGES = :I* HE SOLD HIMSELF1 HIS TIME & HIS WORK1 ! PROLET>IAN IS E/RANG$ FROM MAN2 HE HAS BECOME A PURE COMMODITY1 A PHYSICAL OBJECT )\T LIFE4 ,:AT FOLL[S IS ! KEY WE GIVE TO ! REVOLUTION>Y UNRAVEL+1 DESCRIB$ BY ,M>X 9 !SE PAGES = ! FIR/ TIME4 ,TO REGA9 FROM NOT HIMSELF1 HIMSELF2 FROM NON-MAN1 MAN1 ! E/RANG$ WORK] WILL NOT AIM TO W9 BACK HIS P]SON1 HIS =M] 9DIVIDUALITY1 ?US CLOS+ A USELESS & /UPID CYCLE ?AT W\LD (F] NO PROSPECT O!R ?AN ?AT ( HIM SELL+ HIMSELF 9TO SLAV]Y = A SECOND TIME & = ALL ET]NITY2 HE WILL 9/EAD RECAPTURE - ) HIS CLASS & = ! :OLE SOCIETY & HUMAN SPECIES - ! QUALITY ( BE+ HUMAN NO LONG] 9 ! S5SE ( A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL1 BUT AS P>T ( ! NEW HUMANITY1 ( COMMUNISM4 ,FROM ?IS MOM5T ON1 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! NEW SOCIETY IS \TL9$1 & ?IS MODEL WILL REMA9 VALID UNTIL ! HI/ORICAL TIME ( ITS FUTURE REALIZATION4 

,! :OLE CYCLE IS DESCRIB$ 9 ITS LA/ P>T :OSE UNSURPASS$ =MULA BE>S REPEAT+4 ,! VICTORY OV] ! E/RANGEM5T SUFF]$ UNTIL !N1 :I* ! 9FAMY ( PRIVATE PROP]TY IMPOS$ UPON ! LIV+ MAN1 IS =MULAT$ AS FOLL[S3 

0,COMMUNISM AS ! POSITIVE TRANSC5D5CE ( PRIVATE PROP]TY AS HUMAN SELF-E/RANGEM5T1 & !RE=E AS ! REAL APPROPRIATION ( ! HUMAN ESS5CE BY & = MAN2 COMMUNISM !RE=E AS ! COMPLETE RETURN ( MAN TO HIMSELF AS A SOCIAL 7I4 E41 HUMAN7 BE+ -- A RETURN ACCOMPLI%$ CONSCI\SLY & EMBRAC+ ! 5TIRE WEAL? ( PREVI\S DEVELOPM5T40 .<#b.> 

0,?IS COMMUNISM1 AS FULLY DEVELOP$ NATURALISM1 EQUALS HUMANISM1 & AS FULLY DEVELOP$ HUMANISM EQUALS NATURALISM2 IT IS ! G5U9E RESOLUTION ( ! CONFLICT BETWE5 MAN & NATURE1 & BETWE5 MAN & MAN -- ! TRUE RESOLUTION ( ! /RIFE BETWE5 EXI/5CE & ESS5CE1 BETWE5 OBJECTIFICATION & SELF-CONFIRMATION1 BETWE5 FRE$OM & NECESSITY1 BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! SPECIES4 ,COMMUNISM IS ! RIDDLE ( HI/ORY SOLV$1 & IT KN[S ITSELF TO BE ?IS SOLUTION40 .<#c.> 

,WE HAVE GIV5 !SE PASSAGES 9 BETT] TRANSLATION BECAUSE !Y ORIG9ALLY CONTA9$ ]RORS1 9CLUD+ EV5 MISPR9TS4 ,9 !IR CAPACITY = SYN!SIS1 !Y CONTA9 9NUM]ABLE !SES ?AT >E TO BE OPPOS$ TO ! 9FAMIES ( V>I\S REVISIONISMS2 BUT IT IS NOT AT ?IS MOM5T ?AT WE WI% TO DEVELOP !SE !SES ONE BY ONE4 

,! C5TRAL !SIS ( 9V>IANCE1 OPPOS$ TO ! H]ESY ( !ORETICAL 5RI*M5T ( ,M>XI/ COMMUNISM1 EM]GES TRIUMPHANT4 ,! LEAPS ( HUMAN KN[L$GE TAKE ! =M ( REVOLUTION>Y UNRAVEL+S ( HI/ORICAL RIDDLES4 ,ANY PROBLEM CAN BE SOLV$ BY SUCCESSIVE ATTEMPTS1 9 /AGES & DEGREES4 ,BUT PROBLEMS >E ! /UFF ( RE=MI/ IMBECILITY4 ,A RIDDLE1 ON ! O!R H&1 UNRAVEL$ ONCE & = ALL :5 ! LI<T ( REVOLUTION %9ES UPON IT1 WILL NEV] AGA9 BECOME %R\D$ 9 MY/]Y4 

,9 ?IS CONCEPTION ( ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY1 ! PA/ DID NOT CONSI/ ( W&]+ 9 D>KNESS2 IT WAS ! :OLE WEAL? ( PA/ REVOLUTIONS ?AT OP5$ UP ! ROAD TO COMMUNISM4 

,AGA9/ IMM$IATISM 

,WE CAN %[ ?AT EV5 9 ?IS TEXT1 IMM$IATISM - N[ P]VASIVE EV5 AMONG ANTI-,/AL9I/ GR\PS - GETS A GOOD BEAT+4 ,! ,/AL9I/ PRES5TATION1 OR RA!R FALSIFICATION1 EV5 ( ?IS TEXT WANT$ TO COME \T ) ,M>X'S CONDEMNATION ( ,PR\DHON AS A DEF5SE ( ! OBSC5E 9EQUALITY ( WAGES ?AT CURR5TLY EXI/S 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,) DECISIVE QUOTATIONS1 WE %[$ ?AT ,M>X REPROA*$ ,PR\DHON NOT = BAS+ HIS SOCIAL PROGRAM ON EQUALIZ+ WAGES1 BUT RA!R = BAS+ IT ON ! PRES]VATION ( WAGES1 :I* WILL BE ELIM9AT$ 9 COMMUNISM4 

,WE REF] ! READ] TO ?OSE QUOTATIONS :I* %[ ! FALSITY BO? ( ! ,RUSSIANS' CLAIM TO LIVE 9 SOCIALISM - & TO BE ON !IR WAY T[>D COMMUNISM6 - :ILE !IR MO/ ADVANC$ ECONOMIC =M IS /ILL BOGG$ D[N 9 MONEY WAGES1 & ( ?OSE SO-CALL$ ,M>XI/S :O REMA9$ /UCK AT ! LEVEL ( ! WORK]I/ DEM& TO RAISE WAGES AT ! EXP5SE ( ! BOSSES' PR(IT4 

,:AT 9T]E/S US IS DEMON/RAT+ ?AT \R T]M IMM$IATISM - ) :I* WE GIVE A BEAT+ TO ! ,/AL9I/S-,KHRU%*EVI/S AS WELL AS FAKE LEFT COMMUNI/S .<FALSI S9I/RI COMUNI/I.>1 ALL 9 ONE HEAP - IS A HUNDR$ YE>S OLD4 ,IT WAS 9TRODUC$ BY ,M>X 9 HIS CRITICISM ( ! FIR/ 9COMPLETE =M ( 0CRUDE COMMUNISM10 :I* WE L+]$ ON = A LONG TIME4 ,9 ?IS FIR/ =MULATION ( ! PROGRAM ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! ELIM9ATION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY APPE>$ AS ITS G5]ALIZATION & CONSUMMATION4 ,M>X'S JU/ CRITIQUE 9T5DS TO %[ ?AT ! =MULA 'NO [N] & NO PROLET>IAN' MAKES ITS FIR/ APPE>ANCE 9 ! NAIVE =M ( 'EV]YONE AN [N]1 & EV]YONE A PROLET>IAN'4 ,?IS IS PRECISELY ! ]ROR MADE BY ! ,RUSSIANS ) !IR 0PROP]TY ( ! :OLE PEOPLE0 & ALSO BY ! 0\VRI]I/ES DE GAU*E0 .<#d.> ( ! ,SOCIALISME \ B>B>IE K9D1 :OSE DEM& IS3 MANAGEM5T ( ! FACTORY BY ! WORK]S & ALL ! WORK]S4 

,! TEXT SAYS3 

0,= .<CRUDE COMMUNISM.> ! SOLE PURPOSE ( LIFE & EXI/5CE IS IMM$IATE1 PHYSICAL POSSESSION4 ,! CATEGORY ( ! WORK] IS NOT DONE AWAY )1 BUT EXT5D$ TO ALL M54 ,! RELATION%IP ( PRIVATE PROP]TY P]SI/S AS ! RELATION%IP ( ! COMMUNITY TO ! WORLD ( ?+S40 .<#e.> 

,! REFUTATION ( ! ,RUSSIANS & PETTY B\RGEOIS LEFTOIDS IS SO CLE> H]E ?AT ONE IS L$ TO ?9K ?AT !IR PACIFI/ !SES 7= SU* !Y REALLY >E7 ALREADY EXI/$ A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 & ?AT ,M>XISM UNRAVEL$ ! RIDDLE = !IR B5EFIT ONCE & = ALL4 ,BUT ! IMM$IATI/S - BO? ! ONES & ! O!RS - CLAIM TO OCCUPY !MSELVES V]Y S]I\SLY ) CON/RUCT+ SOME?+ BETT] ?AN CLASSICAL ,M>XISM1 US+ ! LESSONS ?AT GIVE !M A HEAD />T ( A C5TURY'S WOR? ( HI/ORY ON ! Y\NG ,K>L1 BY :OM WE SWE>4 ,9/EAD1 !Y >E /ILL BL9D$ BY ! HUNG] = IMM$IATE POSSESSION1 :I* GAVE RISE TO ! =MULAS ( '! L& TO ! PEASANTS' & '! FACTORIES TO ! WORK]S'1 & O!R SU* DESPICABLE P>ODIES ( ! GR&EUR ( ! PROGRAM ( ! REVOLUTION>Y COMMUNI/ P>TY4 

,! ELIM9ATION ( MONEY 

,! !SIS ( 9TEGRAL COMMUNISM /ATES ?AT ! =M ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 & ?US ( ! DEHUMANIZATION ( MAN1 PREVAILS NOT ONLY :5 ! CAPITALI/ SP5DS HIS PR(IT OR ! L&LORD HIS R5T1 BUT ALSO :5 ! PROLET>IAN SP5DS HIS WAGES4 ,ONLY 9 ?IS WAY IS IT POSSIBLE TO CONDEMN ALL ! SPURI\S =MS 9 :I* IMM$IATE POSSESSION EM]GES TRIUMPHANT1 & :I* >E LURIDLY EXTOLL$ BY FAKE COMMUNI/S4 

,EV]Y ECONOMY BAS$ ON MONEY IS AN ECONOMY ( ! ALI5ATION ( MAN & ( CONTEMPT = HIS HUMANITY4 ,! PAGES ( ?IS TEXT1 :I* WE REPORT$ ON & :I* DEALS ) ! COMM5T>Y & PASSAGES WRITT5 BY ! GREATE/ ( POETS1 SU* AS ,%AKESPE>E & ,GOE!1 >E NO?+ %ORT ( 9C5DI>Y4 ,MONEY DEGRADES MAN TO A /ATUS L[] ?AN ?AT ( A BEA/4 ,BUT H]E1 TOO1 ! ,/AL9I/ FALSIFICATION HAS WREAK$ HAVOC4 ,MONEY IS ! SOLD]+ TOGE!R ( IMPOSSIBILITIES1 WROTE ,M>X 9 HIS COMM5T>Y ON ! ,5GLI% PLAYWRI<T'S /ATEM5T ?AT MONEY MAKE? ! OPPOSITES KISS4 ,& IT IS NONE O!R ?AN MONEY1 WE ADD1 ?AT MAKE? ,KHRU%*EV & ,EIS5H[] KISS4 

,9 ! ,/AL9I/ TRANSLATION1 ! PASSAGE IS 9/EAD GIV5 AS FOLL[S3 0,MONEY444 EX*ANGES ! *>ACT]I/ICS & OBJECTS ) ONE ANO!R1 EV5 IF !Y CONTRADICT EA* O!R40 ,9 ?IS ANODYNE RE/ATEM5T1 ! PITILESS CONDEMNATION ( MONEY IS R$UC$ TO A VAGUE REPETITION ( ! 0LAW ( EX*ANGE VALUE10 CLAIM$ BY ! ,/AL9I/S TO GOV]N SOCIALI/ ECONOMY1 = IT QUITE OBVI\SLY GOV]NS ! ECONOMY ( ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT ,M>X REJECTS MONEY PRECISELY 9S(> AS HE REJECTS ! LAW ( VALUE4 ,! PASSAGE BEG9S ) ! WORDS3 0,S9CE MONEY1 AS ! EXI/+ & ACTIVE CONCEPT ( VALUE1 CONF\NDS & CONFUSES ALL ?+S1 IT IS ! G5]AL CONF\ND+ & CONFUS+ ( ALL ?+S -- ! WORLD UPSIDE-D[N -- ! CONF\ND+ & CONFUS+ ( ALL NATURAL & HUMAN QUALITIES40 .<#f.> ,& IT CONT9UES ?US3 

0,HE :O CAN BUY BRAV]Y IS BRAVE1 ?\< HE BE A C[>D4 ,AS MONEY IS NOT EX*ANG$ = ANY ONE SPECIFIC QUALITY1 = ANY ONE SPECIFIC ?+1 OR = ANY P>TICUL> HUMAN ESS5TIAL P[]1 BUT = ! 5TIRE OBJECTIVE WORLD ( MAN & NATURE1 FROM ! /&PO9T ( ITS POSSESSOR IT !RE=E S]VES TO EX*ANGE EV]Y QUALITY 7SU* AS ! ABOVEM5TION$ C[>DICE7 = EV]Y O!R1 EV5 CONTRADICTORY1 QUALITY & OBJECT 7SU* AS BRAV]Y1 OR ! DAGG] ( A HIR$ ASSASS973 IT IS ! FRAT]NIZATION ( IMPOSSIBILITIES4 ,IT MAKES CONTRADICTIONS EMBRACE40 .<#g.> 

,?IS QUOTATION IS FOLL[$ BY ANO!R PASSAGE1 :I* REVEALS ?AT 9 FULL COMMUNISM1 FIDELITY IS EX*ANG$ ONLY = FIDELITY1 LOVE = LOVE1 JOY = JOY4 ,& ?IS !SIS IS PREC$$ BY A S]IES ( RU?LESS ANTI!SES3 0.<,MONEY.> TRANS=MS FIDELITY 9TO 9FIDELITY1 LOVE 9TO HATE1 HATE 9TO LOVE1 VIRTUE 9TO VICE1 VICE 9TO VIRTUE1 S]VANT 9TO MA/]1 MA/] 9TO S]VANT1 IDIOCY 9TO 9TELLIG5CE1 & 9TELLIG5CE 9TO IDIOCY40 .<#h.> 

,WE DREW ! 9CONTE/ABLE CONCLUSION ?AT :]E !RE IS MONEY1 !RE IS NEI!R SOCIALISM NOR COMMUNISM1 JU/ AS !RE IS NONE - NOT BY A LONG %OT - 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,CRUDE COMMUNISM 

,WE DWELL$ = A LONG TIME ON ?AT EXC]PT FROM ,M>X :I* PREC$ES ! PASSAGE AB\T 9TEGRAL COMMUNISM & :I* 9/EAD DEALS ) ! PRELIM9>Y =M ( 0CRUDE0 COMMUNISM4 ,WE >E NOT GO+ TO DEVELOP H]E \R OBS]VATIONS ON ITS RELATION TO SOCIOCULTURAL ACTIVITY1 :I* C\LD BE MISUND]/OOD )\T ! CL>IFICATIONS CONC]N+ ! CONT5T ( HUMAN & SOCIAL KN[L$GE 9 ! C\RSE ( HI/ORICAL REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES ?AT WE PROVID$ PREVI\SLY1 & :I* WE WILL PROVIDE AGA94 ,! BASIS ( \R CRITIQUE CONSI/$ 9 REIT]AT+ ?AT REG>DLESS ( ! 9TELLECTUAL PRET5SIONS ( CONTEMPOR>Y ,RUSSIA1 ! FACT REMA9S ?AT ITS IDEOLOGY IS /ILL MU* WORSE ?AN :AT ,M>X ANALYZ$ 9 HIS WRIT+ ON CRUDE COMMUNISM4 ,?AT WRIT+ WAS1 OV] A C5TURY AGO1 ONE ( ! FIR/ EFFECTIVE /EPS TAK5 AGA9/ ! ALI5ATION ( MAN DUE TO ! CAPITALI/ =M4 ,9 ! ,RUSSIA ( TODAY1 9 CONTRA/1 !RE IS A RETURN TO & SUPPORT = ! CONS]VATION ( ! CAPITALI/ =M4 

,ELIM9ATION ( ! FAMILY 

,?IS EXC]PT AB\T CRUDE COMMUNISM M]ITS COMM5T+ ON AT L5G? ) REG>D TO ! CONDEMNATION MADE 9 IT BY ,M>X ( ! FIR/ AFFIRMATION ( ! COMMUNITY ( WOM51 UND]/OOD 9CORRECTLY AS ! 9DISCRIM9ATE [N]%IP ( ! FEMALE SEX BY ! MALE4 ,M>X E/ABLI%ES H]E ?AT ! SAME RELATION BY :I* ! WORK+ CLASS MAN IS ALI5AT$ 9 ! =MS ( PROP]TY ALSO F9DS ITS HI/ORICAL MEASURE 9 ! DEGREE ( ABJECTION & SEXUAL ALI5ATION ( ! WOMAN4 

,IT W\LD REQUIRE SUPREME AUDACITY TO TRY TO D$UCE FROM ?IS PR(\ND !SIS1 = ! USE ( ! ,KREML9 7IT IS TIME TO RETIRE ! OLD PHRASE AD USUM DELPH9I .<#i.>71 A JU/IFICATION = ! =M ( ! MONOGAM\S & EV5 H]$IT>Y FAMILY AS A SOCIALI/ =M6 ,IF !RE W]E NO IMM5SE WEAL? ( O!R EVID5CE = /RIPP+ MOD]N ,RUSSIA ( ANY REMA9+ SOCIALI/ V5E]1 IT W\LD SUFFICE TO RECALL AN EPISODE ( ATROCI\S TOPICALITY3 ! PLAY-ACT+ ( ! C\PLES AT ! SUMMIT .<#a.>1 ?R\< :I* ! MOD]N ,/ATES ?AT EM]G$ FROM ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I ) ! PRET5SE ( R5EW+ !MSELVES >E /ILL REPRES5T$ = PROMOTIONAL PURPOSES BY ! FAMILIES444 ( SOV]EIGNS1 ) ,PRESID5T1 ,FIR/ ,LADY1 & !IR (FSPR+1 & ) MU* LESS DEC5CY ?AN 9 ! CLASSICAL H]$IT>Y DYNA/IES4 ,! SPECTACLE WAS ALREADY HUMILIAT+ 5\< BACK !N1 9 ! CASE ( ! ,U,S-,RUSSIA DUO1 & HAS BECOME ALL ! MORE SO REC5TLY1 ) /RANGE UND]TONES ( AN 5JOYABLE P>ODY1 9 ! CASE ( ! ,RUSSIA-,ITALY DUO .<#a#a.>4 

,MANY >E ! PASSAGES 9 ?IS TEXT BY ,M>X ?AT S]VE TO %[ ?AT ! PROGRAM ( COMMUNI/ SOCIETY ELIM9ATES ! 9/ITUTION ( ! FAMILY1 JU/ AS IT DOES ?OSE ( ! ,/ATE & ( RELIGION - ALL ( :I* >E ALIVE & WELL 9 ,RUSSIA1 ) A V]ITABLE CONVULSION ( JU/IFICATIONS ?AT 5DS UP >RIV+ BACK AT ! ,HEGELIAN SY/EM4 ,M>X'S ALLEG$ BUT NEV] EXI/+ ,HEGELIANISM TOOK REFUGE 9 ! ,KREML94 ,! !ORETICAL DISCUSSION IS VA/ & SUGGE/IVE ON ?IS PO9T4 ,WE HAVE ! RI<T TO FOLL[ !SE HUNDR$-YE>-OLD ECONOMICAL !SES3 NO WAGES1 NO MONEY1 NO EX*ANGE1 NO VALUE2 & ! NO LESS OLD & ORIG9AL SOCIAL !SES 7V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ! B\RGEOIS ONES ?AT SEEM TO P>ROT !M73 NO ,GOD1 NO ,/ATE1 NO FAMILY4 

,5VY & COMPETITION 

,ANO!R PO9T ?AT S]VES TO REAFFIRM \R REBUKE ( ! S9I/] /RUCTURAL REGRESSIONS TAK+ PLACE 9 ,RUSSIA IS ?AT AB\T 5VY1 ) :I* ,M>X REPROA*$ ! Y\NG & +5U\S CRUDE COMMUNISM4 ,IT IS 5VY ?AT MAKES ! POOR MAN CRAVE ! WEAL? ( ! RI* & DEPICTS ! =M]'S GOAL AS SIMPLY A PIECE ( ! LATT]'S PROP]TY1 OBTA9$ ?R\< A G5]AL LEVEL+-D[N4 ,M>X DEMON/RATES SU* 5VY TO BE AN EXPRESSION ( ECONOMIC COMPETITION1 ! DRIV+ =CE ( ! B\RGEOIS WORLD4 ,BUT :]E ELSE1 IF NOT 9 ?IS1 LIES ! ORIG9 ( ! REC5T ,SOVIET RECOGNITION ( ! 9C5TIVE ( P]SONAL GA91 :I* CAN BE TRANS=M$ & ACCUMULAT$ 9TO A SMALL =TUNE BELONG+ TO ! 9DIVIDUAL OR ! FAMILY - ESPECIALLY 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE8 ,IT IS ?IS DRIV+ =CE ?AT ULTIMATELY UND]LIES ! 9T]NATIONAL =MULA ( A RACE BETWE5 ,/ATES1 ( PEACEFUL COMPETITION2 A =MULA ?AT BASELY WRECK$ ! LA/ REMNANTS ( ! COMMUNI/ CONCEPTION ( ! OV]?R[ ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y WORLD ( BRIG&AGE4 ,CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! REVOLUTION>Y VISION1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ! PROGRAMMATIC DESCRIPTION ( A SOCIETY SO RADICALLY DIFF]5T FROM ! PRES5T B\RGEOIS ONE - ALL WRECK$ 9 ! LIVID & MIS]ABLE 5VY AMONG ! .<WORLD.> P[]S1 :I* >E )\T EXCEPTION BUILT UPON ! ALI5ATION ( MAN4 

,M>X & ,HEGEL 

,M>X'S E>LIE/ PUBLI%$ WRIT+ IS A LETT] TO HIS FA!R FROM ,NOVEMB] #a1 #a#h#c#g4 ,A /UD5T 9 ,B]L9 B>ELY #ai YE>S OLD1 ! Y\NG MAN %[S ?AT HE C>RIES 9 HIS HEAD A REVOLUTION>Y VOLCANO1 & 9 HIS /UDIES HE DRIFTS FROM ONE SUBJECT TO ! NEXT3 LAW1 POETRY1 LIT]ATURE1 PHILOSOPHY4 ,9 ! LETT] ?AT RUNS TO SIXTE5 PAGES 9 ITS PR9T$ V]SION1 HE B>ES HIS S\L TO HIS FA!R1 SPEAK+ ( SLEEPLESS & EXCIT$ NI<TS1 & ONLY SIGNS (F :5 ! EYES GR[ DIM & ! C&LE HAS BURN$ D[N TO ! BOTTOM4 

,IT W\LD BE RIDICUL\S TO PRES5T ,K>L ,M>X AS A *ILD PRODIGY OR AN IMM5SELY PRECOCI\S SAVANT2 ?AT W\LD MEAN YIELD+ TO ! S5SATIONALI/ /YLE ?AT IS BECOM+ EV] MORE RAMPANT TODAY4 ,! Y\? ( HIS G5]ATION F9DS HIMSELF P>T ( AN AGITAT$ HI/ORICAL PLOTL9E1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,G]MANY :]E ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION ?AT UNFOLD$ SO GR&IOSELY 9 ,5GL& & ,FRANCE MEETS ) AN EXASP]AT$ RESI/ANCE ( ! ANCI5 REGIME & ! IMPOT5CE ( ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE4 ,9 ! M9D ( ! Y\NG /UD5T1 ! SON ( A FAMILY ( MEANS ?AT IS /ILL DEBAT+ IF HE %\LD BECOME AN ADM9I/RATIVE CL]K OR A MAGI/RATE AFT] GRADUATION1 !RE CROSS !IR PA?S WAVES SET 9 MOTION BY ! SUB/RUCTURE ( A D\BLE REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS NOT ) BANAL PHRASES AB\T BE+ 9 ! PRES5CE ( A ,G5IUS :O 0ONLY COMES ALONG ONCE EV]Y FIVE HUNDR$ YE>S0 .<#a#b.>1 NOR AB\T A M9D ( EXCEPTIONAL 9CISIV5ESS & PR(\ND S*OL>LY CULTURE COMB9$ ) A =MIDABLE CRITICAL FACULTY1 ?AT ONE RESPONDS TO ! IMPRESSION ?AT 9 /AGES DUR+ :I* HI/ORY TURNS 9TO A FETID PE/IL5T SWAMP1 SU* AS ! PRES5T ONE1 Y\NG PEOPLE ( ?AT AGE1 EV5 IF !IR FAMILIES FURNI% !M ) ! F9ANCIAL MEANS ?AT PUT !M 9 A POSITION TO /UDY ) ALL ! BE/ RES\RCES AT !IR DISPOSAL1 HAVE 9 COMP>ISON B>ELY LE>N$ H[ TO SWIM 9 !IR [N PEE4 

,ACCORD+ TO ! DOCTR9E ?AT TODAY BE>S ,M>X'S NAME1 & ( :I* WE >E FOLL[]S BY VIRTUE ( ! ALIGNM5T ( =CES1 :I* HAS SLAPP$ US 9 ! FACE ) ! *OICE BETWE5 ONE SIDE OR ! O!R1 WE SEE 9 ?IS TORM5T$ LETT] NOT A REFLECTION ( KN[L$GE OR A P[] ( G5IUS MONUM5TALLY EXCE$+ ! AV]AGE1 BUT RA!R AN 9TUITION ?AT - EV5 )\T ! B5EFIT ( CULTURAL 9=MATION & CRITICAL TRA9+1 & AT AN ALMO/ SUBCONSCI\S LEVEL - EXPRESSES ! DET]M9ATION ( ITS 5VIRONM5T4 

,FROM ?IS ?RILL$ LETT] - ! LA/ AMONG ! HUNDR$S ( NOTEBOOKS ?AT HE CONFESS$ TO HAVE BURN$1 & HUNDR$S ( O!R WORKS ?AT HE 9 HIS Y\?FUL >DOR 9T5D$ = PUBLICATION 7HE MI<T HAVE ALREADY IMAG9$ !M BE+ PR9T$ 9 ORD] TO BE DISCUSS$ ONE HUNDR$ TW5TY YE>S LAT]7 - WE PRES5T ! FOLL[+ EXTRACT CONC]N+ ,M>X'S RELATION TO ,HEGEL3 0,FROM ! IDEALISM :I*1 BY ! WAY1 ,I HAD COMP>$ & N\RI%$ ) ! IDEALISM ( ,KANT & ,FI*TE1 ,I >RIV$ AT ! PO9T ( SEEK+ ! IDEA 9 REALITY ITSELF40 .<#a#c.> ,WE CAN ALREADY OBS]VE ?AT !SE TWO - ,KANT & ,FI*TE1 AS WELL AS ,HEGEL :O IS AB\T TO MAKE AN APPE>ANCE - HAD 9/EAD S\<T ! KEY TO REALITY 9 ! IDEA4 ,?IS SUBV]SIVE PU% ( Y\?FUL VIGOR IS IMM$IATELY EXPRESS$ US+ FI]Y RHETORIC3 0,IF PREVI\SLY ! GODS HAD DWELT ABOVE ! E>?1 N[ !Y BECAME ITS C5T]40 

0,I HAD READ FRAGM5TS ( ,HEGEL'S PHILOSOPHY1 ! GROTESQUE CRAGGY MELODY ( :I* DID NOT APPEAL TO ME4 ,ONCE MORE ,I WANT$ TO DOVE 9TO ! SEA1 BUT ) ! DEF9ITE 9T5TION ( E/ABLI%+ ?AT ! NATURE ( ! M9D IS JU/ AS NECESS>Y1 CONCRETE & FIRMLY BAS$ AS ! NATURE ( ! BODY4 ,MY AIM WAS NO LONG] TO PRACTICE TRICKS ( SWORDSMAN%IP1 BUT TO BR+ G5U9E PE>LS 9TO ! LI<T ( DAY40 .<#a#d.> 

,M>X REC\NTS H[1 AFT] DIGE/+ ,HEGEL'S SY/EM & REWRIT+ IT ON HIS [N1 0RACK.<+ HIS.> BRA9S 5DLESSLY0 9 ! PROCESS1 ! WORK1 :I* MATT]$ TO HIM IMM5SELY1 0LIKE A FALSE SIR5 DELIV].<$ HIM.> 9TO ! >MS ( ! 5EMY0 .<#a#e.>4 ,A P]IOD ( ANG] & IRRITATION FOLL[S1 AS DOES ! NE$ TO F9D A CURE AGA9/ EXHAU/ION4 ,?IS IS :5 ,M>X 5T]S A 0,DOCTORS' ,CLUB0 MADE UP ( DISCIPLES ( ! ,HEGELIAN S*OOL1 :]E1 AS A RESULT ( VIOL5T & CONTRADICTORY DEBATES1 HE 0BECAME EV] MORE FIRMLY B\ND TO ! MOD]N WORLD PHILOSOPHY FROM :I* .<HE.> HAD ?\<T TO ESCAPE0444 0BUT ALL RI* *ORDS W]E SIL5C$ & ,I WAS SEIZ$ ) A V]ITABLE FURY ( IRONY1 AS C\LD EASILY HAPP5 AFT] SO MU* HAD BE5 NEGAT$40 .<#a#f.> 

,DET]M9ISM AT WORK 

,! /UPID & CONV5TIONAL EXPLANATION IS ?AT WE >E DEAL+ H]E ) A Y\NG S*OL> :O WAS MOLD$ BY ! BOOKS HE READ4 ,TO ?R[ ONESELF 9TO BOOKS LEFT & RI<T IS BUT A DANG] FROM :I* ONLY M5 GIFT$ ) GOOD PHYSICAL HEAL? 7:I*1 AS ! ADOLESC5T ,K>L 9TUIT$1 CO9CIDES ) ! VIGOR ( ! BRA9 MUSCLE7 >E SURE TO ESCAPE1 & ONLY :5 !Y >E GUID$ BY EXT]NAL CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT !Y CANNOT NOTICE4 ,9 ! C5ACLE .<#a#g.> ( ! ,HEGELIAN LEFT1 A BATTLE WAS BE+ F\<T \T BETWE5 ! 9FLU5CES ( ! ,PRUSSIAN FEUDAL DYNA/IC P[] ?AT WANT$ TO MAKE ,HEGEL ! KNI<T .<#a#h.> 9TO ONE ( ITS FUNCTION>IES1 EV5 AFT] HIS DEA?1 & ! Y\NG B\RGEOISIE ?AT WAS TRY+ TO TURN ?IS MO/ COPI\S CULTURAL H]ITAGE 9TO ! REVOLUTION>Y BANN] ( ,G]MAN LIB]ALISM4 ,M>X WAS DET]M9$1 )\T YET BE+ A P>TY MAN1 BO? TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! ASSAULT ON ! TRADITIONAL ,PRUSSIAN /ATE1 & TO SAVAGE & %AME AN IMPOT5T B\RGEOISIE 9 ITS ATTEMPT TO IMITATE ,CROMWELL OR ,ROBESPI]RE4 ,HIS M9D WAS N\RI%$ ON HI/ORY NO LESS ?AN ON PHILOSOPHY & LIT]ATURE - IT ALSO F\ND ITS SU/5ANCE 9 NATURAL SCI5CES1 BUT ,M>X DID NOT YET KN[ ?AT HIS J\RNEY W\LD EV5TUALLY LEAD HIM TO 0LE>N0 ECONOMY1 ! LIV+ FRUIT ( ?OSE B\RGEOISIES ?AT HAD KN[N H[ TO W9 A REVOLUTION4 

,9 CONTRA/1 \R RECON/RUCTION ( ! EV5TS IS SIMPLE1 EV5 +5U\S4 ,M>X WAS BORN LIKE HIS CONTEMPOR>Y FROM NEXT DOOR C\LD HAVE BE5 BORN3 A MAT]IALI/ & 5EMY ( ! IDEALI/S4 ,TO ACCOMPLI% ! TASK 9TO :I* HE WAS ?R[N - TO DE/ROY B\RGEOIS IDEALISM - HE FIR/ NE$$ TO FAMILI>IZE HIMSELF ) HIS 5EMY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! ,PRUSSIAN DESPOTIC RI<T W\LD EV]Y SO (T5 COME TO D\BT !IR ,HEGEL & TREAT HIM AS A 0DEAD DOG40 ,DUR+ !SE WAVES ( REACTION ?AT W\LD FILL ! DECADES ( ,M>X'S ADUL?OOD1 ! ,DOCTORS' LEFT F\ND ITSELF /RUCK BY C5SOR%IP & POLICE P]SECUTION4 ,AFT] RES\ND+LY BREAK+ ) IT1 ,M>X W\LD NOT REFRA9 FROM :IPP+ IT BLOODY4 ,BUT NOT ONLY W\LD HE USE AS HIS :IP HIS MO/ HI<LY DEVELOP$ UND]/&+ ( ! OBSCURE & MY/]I\S MA/]1 ACQUIR$ DUR+ ! FURI\S NI<T ( RACK+ HIS BRA92 HE W\LD ALSO REFUSE TO JO9 ! ,HEGEL-DEMOLI%]S1 AGA9/ :I* ! OLD 9SPIR] ( B\RGEOIS ,G]MANY & ! LEFT W+ ( HIS DISCIPLES =M$ - AT LEA/ UNTIL #ahdh - A UNIT$ FRONT4 

,?IS WAS NOT A P]SONAL POSITION1 MU* LESS AN 9TELLECTUAL ONE1 BUT RA!R A CLE> POLITICAL L9E ( ! PROLET>IAN P>TY :I* HAD 9 ! MEANTIME COME 9TO BE+ & :I* 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O DEM&$ ! FALL ( ! ,PRUSSIAN-,G]MAN FEUDAL & DYNA/IC REGIME :ILE IT WAS ALREADY PREP>+ = ! ANTICAPITALI/ CLASS BATTLE WAG$ BY ! Y\NG ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT1 AS Y\NG AS ,M>X HIMSELF & NO LESS TORM5T$ BY ! COMB9$ FRONT ( ITS NATURAL 5EMIES1 :OSE SIR5'S EMBRACE W\LD /ILL1 EV5 AFT] MORE ?AN A C5TURY1 PROVE TO BE SO DIFFICULT TO ESCAPE FROM4 

,\R =MULATION 7DISAGREEABLE TO MANY7 ?AT ,M>X DID NOT MAKE HIS M5TAL EF=T ALL BY HIMSELF1 BUT RA!R AS A RESULT ( SOCIAL FACTORS1 WE F9D CONFIRM$ 9 ! V]Y SAME TEXT ( ! MANUSCRIPTS T[>D ! 5D ( ! *APT] ON 0PRIVATE PROP]TY & COMMUNISM40 ,LET ! TRU? REVEAL ITSELF3 

0,BUT ALSO :5 ,I AM ACTIVE SCI5TIFICALLY1 ETC4 -- AN ACTIVITY :I* ,I CAN SELDOM P]=M 9 DIRECT COMMUNITY ) O!RS - !N MY ACTIVITY IS SOCIAL1 BECAUSE ,I P]=M IT AS A MAN4 ,NOT ONLY IS ! MAT]IAL ( MY ACTIVITY GIV5 TO ME AS A SOCIAL PRODUCT 7AS IS EV5 ! LANGUAGE 9 :I* ! ?9K] IS ACTIVE73 MY [N EXI/5CE IS SOCIAL ACTIVITY1 & !RE=E ?AT :I* ,I MAKE ( MYSELF1 ,I MAKE ( MYSELF = SOCIETY & ) ! CONSCI\SNESS ( MYSELF AS A SOCIAL BE+40 .<#a#i.> 

,PHILOSOPHY & ECONOMY 

,V>I\S PUBLI%]S PREFACE ! TEXT FROM #ahdd ) A PASSAGE ?AT CAN S]VE AS A HI/ORICAL PRES5TATION4 ,M>X EXPLA9S ?AT BE=E IMM]S+ HIMSELF 9 ! /UDY ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 :I* HE 9 !SE PAGES OP5LY C\NT]POSES TO ANY PURELY PHILOSOPHICAL ACTIVITY1 ( :I* ! PROLET>IAN & COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION IS ! DEF9ITIVE OV]COM+1 HE HAD ALREADY DRAFT$ 7?\< NOT PUBLI%$7 TWO WORKS CRITICAL ( ,HEGEL'S SY/EM1 KN[N TO HAVE BE5 WRITT5 9 #a#h#d#a-#d#b .<#b.>1 ON ! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ! ,/ATE & ! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,RI<T4 ,! CONT5T ( !SE WRIT+S1 :I* WE CANNOT QUOTE H]E AT L5G?1 IS OP5LY DE/RUCTIVE ( !SE ESS5TIAL P>TS ( ! PHILOSOPH]'S WORK4 ,= EXAMPLE1 IT IS 9 !M ?AT ! ILLUSION ( ! ET]NITY & IMMAN5CE ( ! ,/ATE & ( ,RI<T1 *>ACT]I/IC ( MOD]N B\RGEOIS ?\<T1 IS REFUT$ - AS IS1 ABOVE ALL1 ! ID5TIFICATION ( ! ,/ATE AS ! UNIV]SAL ABSOLUTE =EGR\ND$ OV] ! P>TICUL> & CONT+5T =MS ( CIVIL SOCIETY1 ! *UR*1 OR ! FAMILY4 ,H]E ,M>X LAYS ! GR\NDWORK = HIS HI/ORICAL SY/EM1 :I* WILL CULM9ATE 9 ! !ORY ( PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP & ! DEA? ( ! ,/ATE 9 CLASSLESS SOCIETY1 9S(> AS HE DE/ROYS ! COLOSSAL ,HEGELIAN ]ROR & DEMON/RATES ?AT ! ,/ATE IS A SECOND>Y1 D]IV$1 & TRANSI5T HI/ORICAL =M4 

,M>X PO/PON$ ! PUBLICATION ( !SE WORKS ( HIS1 CONSID]+ IT MORE URG5T TO E/ABLI% A DIALOGUE BETWE5 ECONOMI/S & PHILOSOPH]S4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 HE SET ASIDE ! WORKS CRITICAL ( ! ,HEGELIAN LEFT ?AT W\LD SEE ! LI<T ( DAY LAT]1 SU* AS ! MONUM5TAL ONE ON ! 0,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY10 WRITT5 TOGE!R ) ,5GELS & ,HESS & DE/9$1 AS IS WELL KN[N1 TO ! CRITICISM ( ! MICE4 

,?IS 9TRODUCTION ( ,M>X'S IS 9 ! /ATE ( AN ALMO/ =MLESS NOTE1 & IT HAS TO BE READ ) SAGACITY4 ,HE USES ! FOLL[+ PHRASE3 HE DOES NOT WANT TO 9T]M+LE CRITICISM DIRECT$ AGA9/ SPECULATION ) CRITICISM ( ! V>I\S SUBJECTS !MSELVES4 ,) ?IS SECOND CATEGORY1 HE IS EVID5TLY ALLUD+ TO EXPOSITIONS ( SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL ECONOMIC FACTS ?AT WILL CONT9UE TO CON/ITUTE ! WORK ( HIS NASC5T S*OOL2 :]EAS ) ! FIR/1 HE IS REF]R+ TO ! FI]Y REPROA*ES DIRECT$ AT ,BAU]1 ,/IRN]1 ,VOGT1 & !IR ILK = ! PRESUMPTU\S JE]S AGA9/ :I* HE DEF5D$ ! ONLY S]I\S SUCCESSOR ( ,HEGEL1 :I* = HIM WAS ,FEU]BA* - :O TOOK ! /EP FROM IDEALISM TO MAT]IALISM1 ?US DO+ ALONE MORE ?AN ,HEGEL DID1 & DO+ IT BETT] ?AN HIM1 ALBEIT 9 A /ILL 9COMPLETE =M4 

,TO CL>IFY ?IS HI/ORICO-!ORETICAL PASSAGE1 LET US TURN TO A COMP>ISON ) ! POLEMIC BETWE5 ,GALILEO & ! ,P]IPATETICS1 :I* WE REC5TLY CIT$ 9 ANO!R CONTEXT .<#b#a.>4 ,AS 9NOVATIVE AS ,M>X1 & AS MU* ( A =MIDABLE POLEMICI/1 ,GALILEO HOLDS A DUAL POSITION 9 ! FACE ( HIS OPPON5TS4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 HE /RIVES TO CLE> ! WAY = !M T[>D NEW SUBJECTS ( :I* HE KN[S !M NOT TO HAVE ! FA9TE/ IDEA1 SU* AS A/RONOMY1 K9EMATICS1 & DYNAMICS4 ,9 ! DIALOGUE 7IT IS UN=TUNATE ?AT ,M>X BURN$ HIS ,CLEAN!S .<#b#b.>1 9 :I* HE CLAIMS TO HAVE DEALT ) ! SCI5CE ( NATURE & ?\<T7 ! AU?OR APPE>S AS ,SALVIATI1 A QUICK LE>N] ( ! NEW SCI5CES AS ,SAGR$O1 & A TIMID REHA%] ( ,>I/OTELIAN ?\<T AS ,SIMPLICIO4 ,:5 ,SALVIATI ADDRESSES ,SAGR$O1 HE OP5S ! WAY TO ! NEW EXP]IM5TAL ME?OD = HIM4 ,BUT :5 HE ADDRESSES ,SIMPLICIO1 :O ONLY KN[S H[ TO SPECULATE1 ?AT IS TO 5DLESSLY POND] SACR$ TEXTS1 HE GIVES JU/ ?AT K9D ( SPEE* & KNOCKS HIM D[N ) IT4 ,Y\ DON'T KN[ H[ TO SUBJECT ! S5SORY OBS]VATION ( ! EXT]NAL WORLD TO CRITIQUE1 & Y\ ?9K Y\ CAN GET !RE FIR/ ) ! LOGOS Y\ BELIEVE TO HAVE 9SIDE Y\R HEAD8 ,V]Y WELL1 ,I AGREE TO DEAL NOT ) EXP]I5CE BUT ) ! M5TAL GYMNA/ICS ( Y\R LOGOS1 & ,I'LL %[ Y\ :AT Y\ READ 9 ,>I/OTLE - :O WAS NO DUMMY - = :AT IT IS3 A PYRAMID ( /UPIDITY4 

,M>X1 ?AT BOX] ( ! BRA9 MUSCLE1 AF=DS HIMSELF ! SAME AMUSEM5T1 BUT HE DOES NOT WANT TO 9T]M+LE ! TWO PLANES ( >GUM5TATION4 ,:5 HE ADDRESSES US1 HIS PROLET>IAN & COMMUNI/ FOLL[]S1 HE DEALS ) ! SUBJECTS ( ! REAL PHYSICAL1 NATURAL1 & HUMAN WORLD1 HAV+ =EV] LAID TO RE/ ALL IDEALI/ MY/ICISM4 ,:5 HE ADDRESSES ! ,SIMPLICII :O W]E TO ,>I/OTLE :AT ,BAU] IS TO ,HEGEL1 HE ADOPTS !IR [N WEAPON4 ,?AT WEAPON IS 0SPECULATION03 ! WORK P]=M$ 9SIDE ! LE>N$ HEAD1 ! BL9DNESS TO PHYSICAL TRU?1 & 9TROSPECTION TAK+ PLACE 9 ! T5EBR\S DEP?S ( ! COGITAT+ BRA94 ,V]Y WELL1 SAYS ! BRAWNY ,K>L1 ,I ACCEPT ! *ALL5GE ) ! WEAPON ( Y\R *OICE1 & - ON ! T]RA9 ( SPECULATION1 ( ,HEGEL'S ME?OD & EV5 ( ,HEGELIAN PHRASEOLOGY - IT WON'T BE H>D = ME TO R$UCE Y\ TO TORN PUPPETS4 ,BUT ?IS EX]CISE 9 :I*1 \T ( POLEMICAL NECESSITY1 SATIRICAL JOK+ WILL BE FREQU5T & AC]BIC1 ,I WANT TO KEEP DI/9CT FROM ! DOCTR9AL WORK ( ! P>TY1 TO :I* IT MATT]S PRECI\S LITTLE IF Y\ KEEP 9DULG+ 9 SPECULATIVE ONANISM4 

,JU/ ONE QUOTE1 FROM ,! ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY1 ,P>T ,I,I,I1 AGA9/ ,SAN*O 7,MAX ,/IRN]73 0,PHILOSOPHY & ! /UDY ( ! ACTUAL WORLD HAVE ! SAME RELATION TO ONE ANO!R AS ONANISM & SEXUAL LOVE0 .<#b#c.>4 ,EV5 :5 IT COMES TO SWE> WORDS1 WE >E NOT 5RI*]S ( ! DOCTR9E6 

,NEV]!LESS1 ! ECONOMIC & PHILOSOPHIC MANUSCRIPTS 5D ) ! *APT] 0,CRITIQUE ( ! ,HEGELIAN ,DIALECTIC40 ,:5 READ CAUTI\SLY1 AS IT HAS TO BE1 IT WILL BE F\ND ?AT UND]NEA? ITS [N P>TICUL> TYPE ( 9TELLIG5T EMPLOYM5T ( ,HEGEL'S =MULAS1 IT CONTA9S ! DEF9ITIVE & IRREVOCABLE CONDEMNATION ( HIS SY/EM4 

,! ET]NAL RIDDLES 

,H[EV]1 EV5 9 ! SOCIAL-ECONOMIC P>T ( ! TEXT1 AFT] ! DESCRIPTION ( FULL COMMUNISM & BE=E ! 5D ( ! *APT] ON 0,PRIVATE PROP]TY & COMMUNISM10 !RE >E PASSAGES ?AT REF] TO ! PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEM - OR RA!R1 TO ! ESCAPE FROM :AT HAS BE5 ! TRADITIONAL SUBJECT ( PHILOSOPHIZ+4 

,! PASSAGES WE HAVE 9 M9D FOLL[ AFT] ?AT AB\T SCI5CE :I* IS NOT P]SONAL BUT RA!R SOCIAL4 ,& ) !M1 WE >E ALREADY WITNESS TO A TOTAL DEMOLITION ( ,HEGELIANISM4 ,HEGEL CLAIMS ?AT AFT] A TORTU\S D$UCTION FROM ! SELF-CONSCI\SNESS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ONE >RIVES AT 0G5]AL CONSCI\SNESS40 ,M>X'S :OLE F9AL *APT] WILL BE DIRECT$ AT DISMANTL+ ?IS SUMMIT ( ! IRIDISC5T IDEALI/ PYRAMID1 & WILL 5D ) TWO QUOTES FROM ! ,5CYCLOP$IA .<#b#d.> SO AS TO BR+ \T !IR ABSURDITY1 UP TO & 9CLUD+ ! FAM\S APHORISM3 0,! ABSOLUTE IS M9D4 ,?IS IS ! HI<E/ DEF9ITION ( ! ABSOLUTE40 .<#b#e.> ,:AT DOES 'ABSOLUTE' MEAN8 ,IT MEANS 'DETA*$ FROM' .<#b#f.>1 & ?IS NOM9ALIZ$ ADJECTIVE !RE=E SAYS ?AT ! PURPORT$ SUPREME A*IEVEM5T IS DETA*$ FROM ANY PHYSICAL OR NATURAL BASIS4 ,A BRILLIANT 9TUITION MADE ,HEGEL1 9 HIS CAPACITY AS A REVOLUTION>Y ( ?\<T1 SAY ?AT EV]Y?+ ?AT IS RATIONAL IS REAL & EV]Y?+ ?AT IS REAL IS RATIONAL1 BUT ! CON=MI/ ,PRUSSIAN PR(ESSOR 5D$ UP BOGG$ D[N 9 A MO/ MY/ICAL & UNREAL SPIRITUALISM4 ,9/EAD ( GRASP+ ?AT MAN DOES NOT SEEK ! ABSOLUTE BECAUSE IT IS NOT F9DABLE1 IT IS NOT 'ATTA*ABLE'1 HE 9SI/S ?AT 9 HIS [N PR(ESSIONAL P]SON HE F\ND IT ONCE & = ALL1 & ?AT ! SE>* IS OV]6 

,H]E ,M>X C\NT]POSES TO G5]AL CONSCI\SNESS 9 ,HEGEL'S S5SE1 :I* 0AT ! PRES5T DAY .<444.> IS AN AB/RACTION FROM REAL LIFE & AS SU* CONFRONTS IT ) HO/ILITY0 .<#b#g.>1 ! APPROPRIATION ?AT MAN MAKES ) HIS RETURN TO SOCIAL MAN1 :I* DELIV]S IT FROM ! WRET*$ ALI5ATION DUE TO PRIVATE PROP]TY4 0,MY G5]AL CONSCI\SNESS IS ONLY ! !ORETICAL %APE ( ?AT ( :I* ! LIV+ %APE IS ! REAL COMMUNITY1 ! SOCIAL FABRIC0 .<#b#h.>4 ,!RE IS NO LONG] ANY?+ MY/ICAL & METAPHYSICAL AB\T ! WORD '!ORETICAL'4 ,! REALITY & LIFE ( NATURE & ( ! HUMAN SPECIES >E PHYSICAL FACTS1 & !IR IMPR9T1 ALSO MADE PHYSICAL1 ONTO ! BRA9 ?AT IS NO LONG] 9DIVIDUAL BUT RA!R SOCIAL1 IS !ORY4 

,! IDEA CLAIMS TO HAVE COME BE=E ! FACT4 ,9 ACTUALITY1 ! !ORY IS GIV5 AFT] ! FACTS1 AS A SUP]/RUCTURE ( !M4 ,?AT IS HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM4 

,9 ! TEXT1 !RE FOLL[S ! !SIS ?AT !RE WILL NO LONG] BE ANY REASON TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 MAN'S 9DIVIDUAL LIFE & HIS G5]IC LIFE1 OR RA!R ?AT ( ! SPECIES4 ,! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ?AT ANCI5T PHILOSOPHEME .<#b#i.>1 HAS BE5 GOTT5 RID (4 

0,9 HIS CONSCI\SNESS ( SPECIES 7?IS IS H[ ONE MU/ TRANSLATE ,GATTUNGSBEWUS/SE91 & NOT AS CONSCI\SNESS ( ! K9D1 :I* IS444 ANO!R ,/AL9IZATION ( ! K9D7 MAN CONFIRMS HIS REAL SOCIAL LIFE & SIMPLY REPEATS HIS REAL EXI/5CE 9 ?\<T1 JU/ AS CONV]SELY ! BE+ ( ! SPECIES CONFIRMS ITSELF 9 SPECIES CONSCI\SNESS & 9 ITS G5]ALITY1 AS A ?9K+ BE+1 HAS A REAL EXI/5CE 7?US WE TRANSLATE FUR SI* I/740 .<#c.> 

,:AT TAKES PLACE H]E IS ! COMPLETE ABOLITION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL P]SON1 ESPECIALLY AS A SUBJECT ( ?9K+ ACTIVITY4 0,MAN1 MU* AS HE MAY !RE=E BE A P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUAL .<444.>1 IS JU/ AS MU* ! TOTALITY -- ! IDEAL TOTALITY -- ! SUBJECTIVE EXI/5CE ( IMAG9$ & EXP]I5C$ SOCIETY = ITSELF40 .<#c#a.> 

,WE >E ON ! BR9K ( ! FALL ( ! ET]NAL RIDDLES & OPPOSITES4 0,?9K+ & BE+ >E ?US C]TA9LY DI/9CT1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME !Y >E 9 ,UNITY ) EA* O!R0 79 ,E9HEIT IS MU* /RONG] ?AN UNIT$1 AS 9 ! V]SION A4U4,K4 .<#c#b.>74 

,A ?\S&-YE>-OLD CONTRADICTION IS UNRAVEL$4 ,IS IT NECESS>Y TO FIR/ PRESUPPOSE REALITY1 BE+ - OR DOES ?\<T COME FIR/8 ,IF !RE W]E A REALITY )\T ?\<T1 :O W\LD BE AW>E ( IT8 ,?AT OLD TRICK :I* L$ TO ! DE?RONEM5T ( MAN & ! 9TRODUCTION ( ,HIS ,HOL9ESS ,GOD ,ALMI<TY1 OR ! PR(ESSOR ,ABSOLUTE ,SPIRIT - :AT REMA9S ( IT N[8 

,TODAY1 A REM$Y IS F\ND 9 PO/ULAT+ POPULATIONS ( BE+S FROM O!R />S1 :O W\LD HAVE ?\<T BE=E \R HUMANITY & :OSE RADIO MESSAGES WE P]HAPS SIMPLY HAV5'T RECEIV$ YET444 .<#c#c.> 

,! TIME SEEMS TO HAVE COME TO GET RID ( ANO!R DUALI/ MUDDLE1 ONE ?AT TORM5T$ ! GOOD ,SIMPLICIO3 ?AT BETWE5 ! ,GREEK N\S & AI/ESIS1 ! M9D & ! S5SES4 ,REMEMB]8 ,! EYE TELLS ME ?AT ! /ICK P>TLY IMM]S$ 9 WAT] IS BROK51 YET ,I SAY IT IS NOT1 BECAUSE ! M9D MAKES CLE> TO ME AS MU*4 ,! S5SES DECEIVE2 ?\<T F9DS ! TRU?4 ,BUT WAS IT ?\<T - OR WAS IT ! S5SES ( ANO!R P]SON LOOK+ 9TO ! WAT]1 OR A DIFF]5T S5SE ( MY [N1 T\*8 ,N[ WE WILL SEE ?AT AFT] E/ABLI%+ ?AT REASON IS NOT A P]SONAL FACULTY BUT RA!R A SOCIAL ONE1 WE WILL DO ! SAME ALSO = ! S5SES & = EXP]I5CE4 

,?AT ! S5SES W]E 9DIVIDUAL WAS A /UPID ILLUSION DET]M9$ BY ! HI/ORICAL RELATION%IP ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,H]E IT IS ECONOMY & HI/ORY ?AT HELP US ESCAPE FROM ! OLD PHILOSOPHICAL TRICKS6 

0,PRIVATE PROP]TY HAS MADE US SO /UPID & ONE-SID$ ?AT AN OBJECT IS ONLY \RS :5 WE HAVE IT 7NOT :5 WE S5SE IT7 -- :5 IT EXI/S = US AS CAPITAL1 OR :5 IT IS IMM$IATELY 7,O UN=TUNATE IMM$IATI/S7 POSSESS$1 EAT51 DRUNK1 WORN1 9HABIT$1 ETC41 -- 9 %ORT1 :5 IT IS US$ BY US .<444.> ,9 ! PLACE ( ALL PHYSICAL & M5TAL S5SES !RE HAS !RE=E COME ! %E] E/RANGEM5T ( ALL !SE S5SES1 ! S5SE ( HAV+40 .<#c#d.> 

,M>X C\LD RETRIEVE HIS SEXUAL MEASUR+ DEVICE & SAY ?AT = B\RGEOIS PSY*OLOGY1 JOY IS NOT :5 Y\ LOVE A WOMAN1 BUT :5 Y\ HAVE H]6 

,BUT AFT] ! ELIM9ATION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 9 COMMUNISM3 

0,MAN APPROPRIATES HIS COMPREH5SIVE ESS5CE 9 A COMPREH5SIVE MANN]1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 AS A :OLE MAN4 ,EA* ( HIS HUMAN RELATIONS TO ! WORLD-SEE+1 HE>+1 SMELL+1 TA/+1 FEEL+1 ?9K+1 OBS]V+1 EXP]I5C+1 WANT+1 ACT+1 LOV+-9 %ORT1 ALL ! ORGANS ( HIS 9DIVIDUAL BE+1 LIKE ?OSE ORGANS :I* >E DIRECTLY SOCIAL 9 !IR =M1 >E 9 !IR OBJECTIVE ORI5TATION1 OR 9 !IR ORI5TATION TO ! OBJECT1 ! APPROPRIATION ( ! OBJECT1 ! APPROPRIATION ( HUMAN REALITY4 ,!IR ORI5TATION TO ! OBJECT IS ! MANIFE/ATION ( ! HUMAN REALITY4 ,?IS MANIFE/ATION IS JU/ AS HI<LY V>I$ AS ! DET]M9ATIONS ( HUMAN ESS5CE & ACTIVITIES1 HUMAN ACTIVITY & HUMAN SUFF]+ 7ANO!R CLASSIC CONTRA/71 = SUFF]+1 HUMANLY CONSID]$1 IS A K9D ( SELF-5JOYM5T ( MAN40 .<#c#e.> 

,D[N ) P]SONALITY3 ?AT IS ! KEY 

,ALL !SE WOND]FUL RESULTS1 :I* WILL BE BR\< AB\T BY ! COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION & :I* >E ANTICIPAT$ 9 ! DOCTR9E ( COMMUNISM ?AT HAS BE5 COMPLETE EV] S9CE #a#h#d#d2 ALL !SE UNRAVEL+S ( RIDDLES 'UNFOLD$ 9 HI/ORY ONCE & = ALL' HAVE BE5 R5D]$ POSSIBLE 9 !IR M>VEL\S EFFECTS BY AB&ON+ ! ?\S&-YE>-OLD ILLUSION ( ! SOLE 9DIVIDUAL FAC+ ! NATURAL WORLD1 /UPIDLY CALL$ 'EXT]NAL' BY PHILOSOPH]S4 ,EXT]NAL TO :AT8 ,EXT]NAL TO ! SUPREMELY DEFICI5T ',I'1 YES1 BUT EXT]NAL TO ! HUMAN SPECIES - ?AT CAN NO LONG] BE SAID1 = ,SPECIES-MAN IS 9T]NAL TO ?AT SAME NATURE2 =MS P>T ( ! PHYSICAL WORLD4 

,9 ! SPL5DID EXPRESSION ABOVE ?AT AN UTMO/ MANIFE/ATION ( MAN - ! HI<E/ ONE - IS SUFF]+1 BECAUSE IF HE DID NOT SUFF]1 HE W\LD NOT KN[ ( ! JOY TO :I* HE IS 9CL9$ 9 LIFE & 9 HI/ORY1 ! V]Y BASIS ( ALL 0GRAMM>S0 HAS BE5 GOTT5 RID (3 ?AT IS1 ! ACTIVE & ! PASSIVE1 ! SUBJECT & ! DIRECT OBJECT4 ,ELSE:]E ,M>X SAYS ?AT PHILOSOPH]S W5T SO F> AS TO MAKE SUBJECTS \T ( ALL PR$ICATES4#c#f ,PHILOSOPHY1 = ?\S&S ( YE>S GRAMMATICALLY 9CORRECT1 HAS BE5 BL9D$ BY ! FOLLY ( RELAT+ EV]Y?+ TO ! SILLY PHANTASMA ( ! ,EGO4 

,9 ?IS POT5T TEXT1 ! OBJECT & ! SUBJECT BECOME1 JU/ LIKE MAN & NATURE1 ! SAME ?+4 ,9DE$1 EV]Y?+ IS NATURE1 EV]Y?+ IS AN OBJECT3 MAN ! SUBJECT1 MAN 0AGA9/ NATURE0 DISAPPE>S1 ALONG ) ! ILLUSION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ',I'4 

,?AT IS :AT WE CAN READ 9 !SE PAGES1 ALL ! GREAT] BECAUSE ( H[ OBVI\SLY !Y BE> ! M>KS ( ! REVELATORY HA/9ESS 7= US1 !RE W\LD BE NO CREATION IF NOT = PASSION7 ) :I* A DET]M9+ =CE COMPELL$ .<! AU?OR.> TO WRITE !M D[N4 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT :5 ! 9DIVIDUAL BECOMES ! SPECIES1 ! SPIRIT1 ?AT IMPOV]I%$ ABSOLUTE1 DISSOLVES ITSELF 9TO OBJECTIVE NATURE4 ,= 9DIVIDUAL BRA9S1 ?OSE PITIFUL PASSIVE LITTLE MA*9ES1 WE HAVE SUB/ITUT$ ! SOCIAL BRA94 ,MOREOV]1 ,M>X HAS OV]COME ! 9DIVIDUAL1 BODILY S5SES )9 ! =M ( COLLECTIVE1 HUMAN P]CEPTION4 

0,! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY IS !RE=E ! COMPLETE EMANCIPATION ( ALL HUMAN S5SES & QUALITIES1 BUT IT IS ?IS EMANCIPATION PRECISELY BECAUSE !SE S5SES & ATTRIBUTES HAVE BECOME1 SUBJECTIVELY & OBJECTIVELY1 HUMAN4 ,! EYE HAS BECOME A HUMAN EYE1 JU/ AS ITS OBJECT HAS BECOME A SOCIAL1 HUMAN OBJECT -- AN OBJECT MADE BY MAN = MAN40 .<#c#g.> 

,IT DOES NOT HAVE TO BE PO9T$ \T ANY LONG] ?AT ?IS GRAMMATICALLY S+UL> MAN /&S = ! UNIT>Y PLURALITY ( M51 HUMANITY1 ! SOCIAL SPECIES 7:5 IT FREES ITSELF FROM ! SC\RGE ( PROP]TY74 ,EV5 ! S+UL> & ! PLURAL ( GRAMM>IANS >E SWEPT AWAY BY ! WAVE ( REVOLUTION4 

0,! S5SES HAVE !RE=E BECOME DIRECTLY 9 !IR PRACTICE !ORETICIANS40 ,! WORD '!RE=E' IS US$ BECAUSE WE >E NO LONG] SPEAK+ ( ! SUBJECTIVE1 9DIVIDUAL S5SES4 ,O ,P]IPATETIC ,SIMPLICIO1 H]E IS Y\R BRIDGE TO SPAN ! ,>I/OTELIAN ABYSS BETWE5 ! S5SES & ! M9D6 

0,NE$ OR 5JOYM5T HAS CONSEQU5TLY LO/ ITS EGOTI/ICAL 7,M>X'S ITALICS1 :I* EV]Y SO (T5 OV]RIDE \RS7 NATURE1 & NATURE HAS LO/ ITS M]E UTILITY BY USE 7USE BY ?AT UGLY MUG1 ! PRIVATE 9DIVIDUAL7 BECOM+ HUMAN USE40 

0,9 ! SAME WAY1 ! S5SES & 5JOYM5T ( O!R M5 79 ! TEXT3 ( ! O!R MAN7 HAVE BECOME MY [N APPROPRIATION4 ,BESIDES !SE IMM$IATE 7IMM$IATE MEANS 9DIVIDUAL1 :I* IS :Y IMM$IATISM MEANS ANTICOMMUNISM7 ORGANS1 !RE=E1 SOCIAL ORGANS DEVELOP 9 ! =M ( SOCIETY.<4.>0 .<#c#h.> 

,= 'SOCIAL'1 READ 'IMP]SONAL'4 

0,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! 7COLLECTIVE7 HUMAN EYE 5JOYS ?+S 9 A WAY DIFF]5T FROM ! CRUDE1 NON-HUMAN EYE2 ! HUMAN E> DIFF]5T FROM ! CRUDE E>1 ETC40 .<#c#i.> 

,H[ CAN ! SUBJECTIVE EYE ( ! WORK]1 :I* ONLY SEES SMALL *ANGE BE+ SLAPP$ 9 HIS H&1 5JOY ?+S 9 ! SAME WAY AS ! HUMAN EYE8 ,OR HIS E>1 :I* ONLY HE>S ! S\ND ( 5SLAVEM5T8 ,WAGES & MONEY NAIL ! EYE & ! E>1 & ?US ALSO ! SPIRIT1 TO 9HUMAN CRUD5ESS1 :I* CONT9UES UNABAT$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! TEXT ) ITS ET CET]A HAS FL[N TO O!R HEI<TS2 WE HAVE REA*$ ! 5D 9 A WAY DET]M9$ BY ! PRES5T DAY4 

,O!R BRIDGES OV] ABYSSES 

0,WE SEE H[ SUBJECTIVITY & OBJECTIVITY1 SPIRITUALITY & MAT]IALITY1 ACTIVITY & SUFF]+1 LOSE !IR ANTI!TICAL *>ACT]1 & ?US !IR EXI/5CE AS SU* ANTI!SES ONLY )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( SOCIETY 7COMMUNISM3 PROGRAM ( COMMUNI/ SOCIETY72 WE SEE H[ ! RESOLUTION ( ! !ORETICAL ANTI!SES IS ONLY POSSIBLE 9 A PRACTICAL WAY1 BY VIRTUE ( ! PRACTICAL 5]GY ( MAN 7ONLY BY REVOLUTION74 ,!IR RESOLUTION IS !RE=E BY NO MEANS M]ELY A PROBLEM ( UND]/&+1 BUT A REAL PROBLEM ( LIFE1 :I* PHILOSOPHY C\LD NOT SOLVE PRECISELY BECAUSE IT CONCEIV$ ?IS PROBLEM AS M]ELY A !ORETICAL ONE40 .<#d.> 

,! MIRACLE DOES NOT TAKE PLACE EA* TIME A SUBJECTIVE 9DIVIDUAL1 :OSE ISOLAT$ /]ILITY IS BEYOND D\BT 7EV5 IF HIS NAME W]E ,M>X1 ,K>L71 DEVOTES HIMSELF TO ! PRACTICE ( MAK+ HIS BUTTOCKS VIBRATE 7SUS VALI5TES POSAD]AS .<#d#a.> ( ,SAN*O ,MAX ,/IRN]1 ! ,UNIQUE74 ,! !SIS CAN BE WRITT5 AS FOLL[S3 ONLY ONE HUMAN PRACTICE IS IMM$IATELY ITS [N !ORY3 ! REVOLUTION4 ,HUMAN KN[L$GE ADVANCES BY REVOLUTION4 ,HUMAN KN[L$GE ADVANCES BY SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS4 ,! RE/ IS SIL5CE4 

,IT IS1 9 ! 5D1 A MATT] ( GETT+ RID ( ,GOD1 BUT NOT 9 ORD] TO LI<T ! PILL> C&LES ?AT W]E PLAC$ ON HIS ALT>S 9SIDE ! IGNOBLE RECEPTACLE ( ! ?9K]'S BRA9CASE4 ,! UNIT>Y WELD+ TOGE!R ( MAN & NATURE HAS ABOLI%$ EV]Y DUALISM1 EV]Y UNREALITY BETWE5 MAN & NATURE1 BETWE5 SPIRIT & WORLD4 ,BUT AS A RESULT ( ! TRADITION PASS$ D[N FROM ! PROP]TY-[N+ PA/1 IT IS NOT EASY TO FREE ONESELF FROM ! QUE/ION3 S9CE NATURE HAD FOLL[$ ITS TRAJECTORY S9CE BE=E MAN1 ITS ORIG9 CANNOT BE EXPLA9$ )\T A ,CREATOR4 

,\R A!ISM HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ?AT :I* ! IMMAN5TI/ B\RGEOIS IDEALI/S >RIV$ AT1 & :I* WE R$UCE TO TRANSC5D5T VOIDS4 

0,S9CE ! REAL EXI/5CE ( MAN & NATURE HAS BECOME EVID5T 9 PRACTICE1 ?R\< S5SE EXP]I5CE 7BY OV]COM+ ! DUALI/ ILLUSION ( TWO NON-COMP>ABLE ESS5CES1 ?AT ( ! SPIRIT & ( ! MAT]IAL WORLD71 BECAUSE MAN HAS ?US BECOME EVID5T = MAN AS ! BE+ ( NATURE1 & NATURE = MAN AS ! BE+ ( MAN1 ! QUE/ION AB\T AN ALI5 BE+1 AB\T A BE+ ABOVE NATURE & MAN -- A QUE/ION :I* IMPLIES ! ADMISSION ( ! UNREALITY ( NATURE & ( MAN -- HAS BECOME IMPOSSIBLE 9 PRACTICE40 .<#d#b.> 

,) PRIVATE PROP]TY1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO CALL ONESELF AN A!I/ TO ACCEPT ! EXI/5CE ( MAN AS SOME?+ DIFF]5T FROM NATURAL MATT]4 ,MAN HAV+ BE5 RE/OR$ TO NATURE AS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( IT1 BO? RELIGION1 :I* AFFIRMS ! EXI/5CE ( ,GOD1 & A!ISM1 :I* D5IES IT1 HAVE BECOME EQUALLY USELESS TO US4 ,GOD & HIS ,NEGATION1 TIME = RETIREM5T6 

,ALONG ) ! TWO1 S9CE #ahdd IT'S BE5 TIME = RETIREM5T ALSO = ,HEGEL4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a4 ,! 9T]F$]AL MEET+ ( ! ,9T]NATIONALI/ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY REF]R$ TO H]E WAS HELD 9 ,LA ,SPEZIA ON ,APRIL #b#e-#b#f1 #a#i#e#i4 ,! REPORT M5TION$ BY ,BORDIGA WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ UND] ! TITLE ,LA /RUTTURA ECONOMICA E SOCIALE DELLA ,RUSSIA E LA TAPPA DEL TRAS=MISMO 9VOLUTIVO AL ,X,X,I ,CONGRESSO .<,! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( ,RUSSIA & ! P]IOD FROM REACTION>Y TRAS=MISMO TO ! #b#a/ ,CONGRESS.>1 :I* WAS %>$ BY ! REPORTS FROM ALL ?REE SESSIONS ( ! MEET+1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT NOT ALL ( !M DEALT PRIM>ILY ) ,RUSSIA4 ,TODAY1 ! REPORT IS BETT] KN[N AS ,COMM5T>Y ON ! ,MANUSCRIPTS ( #a#h#d#d1 ! TITLE UND] :I* IT WAS REPUBLI%$ BY ,JACQUES ,CAMATTE FIR/ 9 ! ORIG9AL ,ITALIAN 7,TE/I SUL COMUNISMO1 ,NAPLES3 ,LA ,VEC*IA ,TALPA1 #a#i#g#b7 & LAT] 9 ,FR5* 7,BORDIGA ET LA PASSION DU COMMUNISME1 ,P>IS3 ,SP>TACUS1 #a#i#g#d74 

#b4 ,5GLI% TRANSLATION TAK5 FROM ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #c1 P4 #b#i#f4 ,! ,G]MAN WORD ,AUFHEBUNG1 R5D]$ H]E AS 0TRANSC5D5CE10 IS ALT]NATIVELY TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% AS 0SUP]SESSION0 OR 0SUBLATION02 ,BORDIGA HIMSELF US$ 0ABOLITION0 7ABOLIZIONE74 

#c4 ,IBID41 #b#i#f-#b#i#g4 ,! TRANSLATION US$ BY ,BORDIGA SUB/ITUTES 0OBJECTIVE REALITY0 = 0OBJECTIFICATION0 & 0SUBJECTIVE CONSCI\SNESS0 = 0SELF-CONFIRMATION40 

#d4 0,LEFT WORK]I/S02 9 ,FR5* 9 ! ORIG9AL TEXT4 

#e4 ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #c1 P4 #b#i#d1 ) ! WORD 0DIRECT0 REPLAC$ H]E ) ITS SYNONYM 0IMM$IATE0 9 ORD] TO BETT] ILLU/RATE ,BORDIGA'S PO9T4 ,! TRANSLATION US$ BY ,BORDIGA ALSO SUB/ITUTES 0HUMAN SOCIETY0 = 0COMMUNITY40 

#f4 ,IBID41 #c#b#f4 ,! TRANSLATION US$ BY ,BORDIGA SUB/ITUTES 0SWAPS & EX*ANGES0 = 0CONF\NDS & CONFUSES40 

#g4 ,IBID4 ,! 9S]TIONS >E ,BORDIGA'S4 

#h4 ,IBID4 

#i4 0,= ! USE ( ! ,DAUPH9 7CR[N PR9CE702 ORIG9ALLY REF]R+ TO $ITIONS ( ,GREEK & ,ROMAN CLASSICS PREP>$ BY ORD] ( ,L\IS ,X,I,V = HIS HEIR APP>5T1 ,L\IS ( ,FRANCE1 9 ! #a#f#gS1 FROM :I* A NUMB] ( PASSAGES JUDG$ TO BE UNSUITABLE = ! Y\NG CR[N PR9CE W]E REMOV$4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! PHRASE CAME TO MEAN 0B[DL]IZ$10 0EXPURGAT$10 OR WAT]$ D[N SO AS TO BE APPROPRIATE = *ILDR54 

#a4 ,A REF]5CE TO ,KHRU%*EV'S /ATE VISIT TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#e-#b#g1 #a#i#e#i1 :I* 9CLUD$ A TWO-DAY SUMMIT AT ,CAMP ,DAVID & DUR+ :I* BO? /ATESM5 W]E (T5 ACCOMPANI$ BY !IR WIVES1 ,N9A ,KHRU%*EV & ,MAMIE ,EIS5H[]4 

#a#a4 ,A REF]5CE TO ,PRESID5T ,GIOVANNI ,GRON*I'S /ATE VISIT TO ! ,U,S,S,R ON ,FEBRU>Y #f-#a#a1 #a#i#f4 

#a#b4 ,SAID BY ,Z9OVIEV AB\T ,L594 

#a#c4 ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #a1 P4 #a#h4 

#a#d4 ,IBID4 

#a#e4 ,IBID4 

#a#f4 ,IBID41 #a#i4 

#a#g4 ,! SITE ( ! ,LA/ ,SUPP]1 ) ! D]IV$ MEAN+ ( A CLIQUE OR A SMALL CIRCLE ( 9ITIATES1 P>TICUL>LY WRIT]S4 

#a#h4 ,A REF]5CE TO ,HEGEL'S [N FIGURE ( ! 0KNI<T ( VIRTUE10 SET UP 9 ,PH5OM5OLOGY ( ,SPIRIT TO C>ICATURE A CONCEPT ( ! GOOD SO AB/RACT & UNIV]SALI/ AS TO BE MEAN+LESS4 

#a#i4 ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #c1 P4 #b#i#h4 

#b4 ,9 FACT1 ! PREFACE REF]S TO A S+LE !N-UNPUBLI%$ TEXT1 ,CRITIQUE ( ,HEGEL'S ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,RI<T1 :I* ,M>X DID NOT />T WORK+ ON UNTIL LATE #a#h#d#c4 ,H[EV]1 HIS CORRESPOND5CE ) ,RUGE DOES 9DICATE ?AT HE 9T5D$ TO SUBJECT ,HEGEL'S PHILOSOPHY TO CRITIQUE AS E>LY AS #a#h#d#b4 

#b#a4 ,A REF]5CE TO ! >TICLE ,ELEM5TI DELLA QUE/IONE SPAZIALE .<,ASPECTS ( ! SPACE QUE/ION.> FROM ! IMM$IATELY PREC$+ ISSUE ( ,IL ,PROGRAMMA ,COMUNI/A 7,NO4 #d1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#g1 #a#i#f71 9 :I* ,BORDIGA US$ ! DEVELOP+ SPACE RACE BETWE5 ! ,U,S & ! ,U,S,S,R AS A />T+ PO9T = DISCUSSION ( ! HI/ORY ( SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE1 CONTRA/+ ,>I/OTLE'S PHYSICS ) ?AT ( ,GALILEO4 

#b#b4 ,A REF]5CE TO A DIALOGUE ?AT ,M>X M5TIONS 9 HIS #ahcg LETT] TO HIS FA!R AS A WORK HE WROTE DUR+ HIS ATTEMPTS TO GRAPPLE ) ,HEGEL'S PHILOSOPHY4 ,! NAMESAKE ( ! DIALOGUE1 ,CLEAN!S ( ,ASSOS 7C4 #c#c#a-C4 #bcb ,B,C71 WAS AN E>LY ,/OIC PHILOSOPH] :OSE CONCEPTION ( PHYSICS CONTA9$ NOTABLE MAT]IALI/ ELEM5TS4 

#b#c4 ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #e1 P4 #b#c#f4 

#b#d4 ,HEGEL'S ,5ZYKLOPADIE D] PHILOSOPHIS*5 ,WISS5S*AFT5 IM ,GRUNDRISSE .<,5CYCLOP$IA ( ! ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,SCI5CES 9 ,BASIC ,\TL9E.>4 

#b#e4 ,5GLI% TRANSLATION ( ,HEGEL'S TEXT QUOT$ BY ,M>X IS TAK5 FROM3 ,9WOOD1 ,M41 $4 #b#g4 ,HEGEL3 ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,M9D3 ,TRANSLAT$ ) ,9TRODUCTION & ,COMM5T>Y4 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,NEW ,YORK1 P4 #a#h4 

#b#f4 ,CLASSICAL ,LAT93 AB 7FROM7 "4 SOLUTUS 7UNB\ND1 DETA*$1 UNRE/RA9$74 

#b#g4 ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #c1 P4 #b#i#h4 

#b#h4 ,IBID4 ,! TRANSLATION US$ BY ,BORDIGA SUB/ITUTES 0SOCIAL BE+0 = 0! SOCIAL FABRIC10 BO? BE+ ALT]NATIVE R5DITIONS ( ! ,G]MAN GESELLS*AFTLI*E ,WES54 

#b#i4 ,A PHILOSOPHICAL AXIOM4 

#c4 ,MODIFI$ FROM ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #c1 P4 #bii 9 ACCORDANCE ) ,BORDIGA'S P>5!TICAL REM>KS4 ,! ONLY NOTABLE *ANGE CONC]NS ! PHRASE FUR SI* I/1 :I* IS TRANSLAT$ MORE LIT]ALLY 9 ,M,E,C,W AS 0EXI/S = ITSELF40 

#c#a4 ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #c1 P4 #b#i#i4 

#c#b4 ,AD USUM ,KREML9I2 SEE NOTE #i4 ,NOTE ?AT ! ,M,E,C,W TRANSLATION CORRECTLY PRES]VES 09 UNITY10 & DID NOT HAVE TO BE MODIFI$4 

#c#c4 ,AT ! TIME :5 ,BORDIGA WAS WRIT+1 ONLY A FEW MON?S HAD PASS$ S9CE ! PUBLICATION ( ,GIUSEPPE ,COCCONI & ,PHILIP ,MORRISON'S SEM9AL >TICLE PROPOS+ A SE>* = 9T]/ELL> SIGNALS NE> ! #ba CM WAVEL5G? ( NEUTRAL HYDROG51 & PREP>ATIONS W]E UND]WAY = ! FIR/ PRACTICAL EXP]IM5T ( ?IS K9D1 ,PROJECT ,OZMA 79ITIAT$ 9 ,APRIL #a#i#f74 

#c#d4 ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #c1 P4 #c2 ! 9S]TIONS >E ,BORDIGA'S4 ,AS BE=E1 ! WORD 0DIRECTLY0 HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY 0IMM$IATELY40 

#c#e4 ,MODIFI$ FROM ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #c1 PP4 #b#i#i-#c4 ,! 9S]TIONS >E ,BORDIGA'S4 ,M>X'S FOOTNOTE AB\T ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( HUMAN REALITY BE+ AS V>I$ AS ! DET]M9ATIONS ( HUMAN ESS5CE WAS APP>5TLY PA/$ DIRECTLY 9TO ! CORRESPOND+ P>AGRAPH 9 ! $ITION CONSULT$ BY ,BORDIGA2 ?IS IS FOLL[$ H]E BUT NOT 9 ,M,E,C,W4 ,NOTE ALSO ?AT 9 ! ,ITALIAN TRANSLATION1 0HUMAN ACTIVITY & HUMAN SUFF]+0 IS R5D]$ AS L'AGIRE $ IL PATIRE1 :I* >E NOM9ALIZ$ V]BS MEAN+ 0TO ACT0 & 0TO 5DURE1 TO SUFF]10 RESPECTIVELY4 ,! WORDS 0ACTIVE0 & 0PASSIVE0 >E D]IV$ FROM ! P>TICIPLES ( ! ,LAT9 ANCE/ORS ( !SE TWO V]BS - H5CE ,BORDIGA NOT+ 0ANO!R CLASSIC CONTRA/40 

#c#f4 ,A REF]5CE TO ,CRITIQUE ( ,HEGEL'S ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,RI<T 7CF4 ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #c1 P4 #b#c74 

#c#g4 ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #c1 P4 #c4 

#c#h4 ,IBID4 ,! 9S]TIONS >E ,BORDIGA'S4 ,AS BE=E1 ! WORD 0DIRECT0 HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY 0IMM$IATE40 

#c#i4 ,IBID1 P4 #c#a4 ,! 9S]TIONS >E ,BORDIGA'S4 

#d4 ,IBID1 P4 #c#b4 ,! 9S]TIONS >E ,BORDIGA'S4 

#d#a4 0,HIS AMPLE BUTTOCKS02 MISSPELL$ AS 0SUS VALI5TES PASADORAS0 9 ! ORIG9AL TEXT4 ,A REF]5CE TO ,! ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY 7CF4 ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #e1 P4 #d#b#d74 

#d#b4 ,M,E,C,W ,VOL4 #c1 PP4 #c#e-#c#f4 ,! 9S]TIONS >E ,BORDIGA'S4 ,! TRANSLATION US$ BY ,BORDIGA SUB/ITUTES 0VISIBLE & P]CEPTIBLE 9 PRACTICE0 = 0EVID5T10 A SECOND 0S9CE0 = 0BECAUSE10 0ESS5TIALITY0 = 0REAL EXI/5CE10 & 09ESS5TIALITY0 = 0UNREALITY40 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,IMMUTABLE ,TABLETS ,( ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,!ORY ,( ,! ,P>TY -- ,ADD$4 
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