,KRON/ADT #aiba 
,! ,5D ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,MY? 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,M>* #a#g? #bf M>K$ ! #h#e? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! CRU%+ ( ! ,KRON/ADT REBELLION BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,! SAGA ( ,KRON/ADT IS A MICROCOSM ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT HAD BE5 AN E>LY SUPPORT] & PRACTITION] ( SOVIET P[]1 =M+ A FREE COMMUNE 9 #aiag :I* WAS RELATIVELY 9DEP5D5T ( ! AU?ORITIES4 ,! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS HAD BE5 9 ! VANGU>D ( ! REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS ( #aie & #a#i#a#g4 ,9 #a#i#a#g1 ,TROTSKY CALL$ !M ! 0PRIDE & GLORY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION40 ,9 #aiba HE & ,L59 CRU%$ !IR REVOLT4 

,= AN>*I/S1 ,KRON/ADT EXPOSES ! MY? ?AT ,BOL%EVISM WAS A G5U9E =M ( SOCIALISM4 ,IT M>K$ ! DEA? ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,! REVOLT 

,! REVOLT ( ,FEBRU>Y_/,M>* #aiba CANNOT BE UND]/OOD 9 ISOLATION4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,CIVIL ,W> HAD 5D$ 9 ,WE/]N ,RUSSIA 9 ,NOVEMB] #aib ) ! DEFEAT ( ,G5]AL ,WRANGEL 9 ! ,CRIMEA4 ,ALL ACROSS ,RUSSIA POPUL> PROTE/S W]E ]UPT+ 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE & 9 ! T[NS & CITIES4 ,PEASANT UPRIS+S W]E OCCURR+ AGA9/ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY POLICY ( GRA9 REQUISITION+4 ,9 URBAN >EAS1 A WAVE ( SPONTANE\S /RIKES OCCURR$4 ,KRON/ADT WAS A DIRECT RESULT ( !SE /RIKES4 ,!SE />T$ 9 ,MOSC[1 BE=E SPREAD+ TO ,PETROGRAD :]E 7AS ELSE:]E7 A ?REE-MAN ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE WAS =M$ 9 ,PETROGRAD & ,Z9OVIEV 0PROCLAIM$ M>TIAL LAW0 ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#d?4 0,OV]NI<T ,PETROGRAD BECAME AN >M$ CAMP4 ,9 EV]Y QU>T] P$E/RIANS W]E /OPP$ & !IR DOCUM5TS *ECK$ 444 ! CURFEW .<WAS.> /RICTLY 5=C$40 ,! ,PETROGRAD ,*EKA MADE WIDESPREAD >RE/S4 .<,AVRI*1 ,KRON/ADT #a#i#b#a1 PP4 #c#e-#i & PP4 #d#f-#g.> 

,ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#f?1 9 RESPONSE TO ?IS /RIKE WAVE1 ! CREWS ( ! BATTLE%IPS ,PETROPAVLOVSK & ,SEVA/OPOL HELD AN EM]G5CY MEET+4 ,!Y AGRE$ TO S5D A DELEGATION TO ! CITY TO 9VE/IGATE & REPORT BACK4 ,ON !IR TURN TWO DAYS LAT]1 ! DELEGATES 9=M$ !IR FELL[ SAILORS ( ! /RIKES & ! GOV]NM5T REPRESSION DIRECT$ AGA9/ !M4 ,?OSE PRES5T AT ?IS MEET+ ON ! ,PETROPAVLOVSK !N APPROV$ A RESOLUTION :I* RAIS$ ! FOLL[+ #ae DEM&S3 

0#a4 ,IMM$IATE NEW ELECTIONS TO ! ,SOVIETS4 ,! PRES5T ,SOVIETS NO LONG] EXPRESS ! WI%ES ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,! NEW ELECTIONS %\LD BE BY SECRET BALLOT1 & %\LD BE PREC$$ BY FREE ELECTORAL PROPAG&A4 

#b4 ,FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS = WORK]S & PEASANTS1 = ! ,AN>*I/S1 & = ! ,LEFT ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES4 

#c4 ,! RI<T ( ASSEMBLY1 & FRE$OM = TRADE UNION & PEASANT ORGANIZATIONS4 

#d4 ,! ORGANIZATION1 AT ! LATE/ ON #a? ,M>* #a#i#b#a1 ( A ,CONF]5CE ( NON-,P>TY WORK]S1 SOLD]S & SAILORS ( ,PETROGRAD1 ,KRON/ADT & ! ,PETROGRAD ,DI/RICT4 

#e4 ,! LIB]ATION ( ALL POLITICAL PRISON]S ( ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 & ( ALL IMPRISON$ WORK]S & PEASANTS1 SOLDI]S & SAILORS BELONG+ TO WORK+ CLASS & PEASANT ORGANIZATIONS4 

#f4 ,! ELECTION ( A COMMISSION TO LOOK 9TO ! DOSSI]S ( ALL ?OSE DETA9$ 9 PRISONS & CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 

#g4 ,! ABOLITION ( ALL POLITICAL SECTIONS 9 ! >M$ =CES4 ,NO POLITICAL P>TY %\LD HAVE PRIVILEGES = ! PROPAGATION ( ITS IDEAS1 OR RECEIVE ,/ATE SUBSIDIES TO ?IS 5D4 ,9 ! PLACE ( ! POLITICAL SECTIONS V>I\S CULTURAL GR\PS %\LD BE SET UP1 D]IV+ RES\RCES FROM ! ,/ATE4 

#h4 ,! IMM$IATE ABOLITION ( ! MILITIA DETA*M5TS SET UP BETWE5 T[NS & C\NTRYSIDE4 

#i4 ,! EQUALIZATION ( RATIONS = ALL WORK]S1 EXCEPT ?OSE 5GAG$ 9 DANG]\S OR UNHEAL?Y JOBS4 

#a4 ,! ABOLITION ( ,P>TY COMBAT DETA*M5TS 9 ALL MILIT>Y GR\PS4 ,! ABOLITION ( ,P>TY GU>DS 9 FACTORIES & 5T]PRISES4 ,IF GU>DS >E REQUIR$1 !Y %\LD BE NOM9AT$1 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! VIEWS ( ! WORK]S4 

#a#a4 ,! GRANT+ TO ! PEASANTS ( FRE$OM ( ACTION ON !IR [N SOIL1 & ( ! RI<T TO [N CATTLE1 PROVID$ !Y LOOK AFT] !M !MSELVES & DO NOT EMPLOY HIR$ LABOR4 

#a#b4 ,WE REQUE/ ?AT ALL MILIT>Y UNITS & (FIC] TRA9EE GR\PS ASSOCIATE !MSELVES ) ?IS RESOLUTION4 

#a#c4 ,WE DEM& ?AT ! ,PRESS GIVE PROP] PUBLICITY TO ?IS RESOLUTION4 

#a#d4 ,WE DEM& ! 9/ITUTION ( MOBILE WORK]S' CONTROL GR\PS4 

#a#e4 ,WE DEM& ?AT H&ICRAFT PRODUCTION BE AU?ORIZ$ PROVID$ IT DOES NOT UTILIZE WAGE LABOR40 .<,IDA ,METT1 ,! ,KRON/ADT ,REVOLT1 PP4 #c#g-#h.> 

,A MASS MEET+ ( FIFTE5 TO SIXTE5 ?\S& PEOPLE WAS HELD ON ,M>* #a/ & :AT HAS BECAME KN[N AS ! ,PETROPAVLOVSK RESOLUTION WAS PASS$4 ,ONLY TWO ,BOL%EVIK (FICIALS VOT$ AGA9/ ! RESOLUTION4 ,AS ! T]M ( (FICE ( ! ,KRON/ADT SOVIET WAS AB\T TO EXPIRE1 ! MASS MEET+ ALSO DECID$ TO CALL A 0,CONF]5CE ( ,DELEGATES0 = ,M>* #bND4 ,?IS CONF]5CE CONSI/$ ( TWO DELEGATES FROM EA* ( ! %IP'S CREWS1 >MY UNITS1 ! DOCKS1 WORK%OPS1 TRADE UNIONS & ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS4 ,IT 5DORS$ ! ,PETROPAVLOVSK RESOLUTION & ELECT$ A FIVE-P]SON 0,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE0 75L>G$ TO #ae MEMB]S TWO DAYS LAT] BY ANO!R CONF]5CE74 

,R$ ,KRON/ADT HAD TURN$ AGA9/ ! ,COMMUNI/ GOV]NM5T & RAIS$ ! SLOGAN ( ! #aiag REVOLUTION 0,ALL ,P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS01 TO :I* WAS ADD$ 0& NOT TO P>TIES40 ,!Y T]M$ ?IS REVOLT ! 0,?IRD ,REVOLUTION0 & W\LD COMPLETE ! WORK ( ! FIR/ TWO ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTIONS 9 #aiag BY 9/ITUT+ A TRUE TOIL]S REPUBLIC BAS$ ON FREELY ELECT$1 SELF-MANAG$1 SOVIETS4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,GOV]NM5T RESPOND$ ) AN ULTIMATUM ON ,M>* #bND4 ,?IS ASS]T$ ?AT ! REVOLT HAD 0UND\BT$LY BE5 PREP>$ BY ,FR5* C\NT]9TELLIG5CE0 & ?AT ! ,PETROPAVLOVSK RESOLUTION WAS A 0,S,R-,BLACK ,HUNDR$0 RESOLUTION4 ,!Y >GU$ ?AT ! REVOLT HAD BE5 ORGANIZ$ BY AN EX-,CZ>I/ (FIC]S L$ BY EX-,G5]AL ,KOZLOVSKY 7:O HAD1 IRONICALLY1 BE5 PLAC$ 9 ! =TRESS AS A MILIT>Y SPECIALI/ BY ,TROTSKY & PLAY$ NO ROLE 9 ! REVOLT74 

,:ILE ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT WAS PEACEFUL1 ! ,BOL%EVIK RESPONSE WAS NOT4 ,:ILE !RE WAS AT LEA/ ?REE TO F\R WEEKS BE=E ! ICE WAS DUE TO MELT AFT] ! ,M>* #bND0,CONF]5CE ( ,DELEGATES0 MEET+ :I* M>K$ ! REAL />T ( ! REVOLT1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS />T$ MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS AT #f4#d#ePM ON ,M>* #g?4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,VICTOR ,S]GE 7AN EX-AN>*I/ TURN$ ,BOL%EVIK7 0RI<T FROM ! FIR/ MOM5T1 AT A TIME :5 IT WAS EASY TO MITIGATE ! CONFLICT1 ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S HAD NO 9T5TION ( US+ ANY?+ BUT =CIBLE ME?ODS40 .<,VICTOR ,S]GE1 ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y1 P4 #a#b#g.> 

,! REVOLT WAS ISOLAT$ & RECEIV$ NO EXT]NAL SUPPORT4 ,! ,PETROGRAD WORK]S W]E UND] M>TIAL LAW & C\LD LITTLE OR NO ACTION TO SUPPORT ,KRON/ADT 7ASSUM+ !Y REFUS$ TO BELIEVE ! ,BOL%EVIK LIES AB\T ! UPRIS+74 ,A COMB9ATION ( =CE1 PROPAG&A & 7ECONOMIC7 CONCESSIONS WAS US$ TO DEFEAT ! /RIKE3 0!RE IS NO D5Y+ ?AT ! APPLICATION ( MILIT>Y =CE & ! WIDESPREAD >RE/S1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ! TIRELESS PROPAG&A WAG$ BY ! AU?ORITIES HAD BE5 9DISP5SABLE 9 RE/OR+ ORD]4 ,P>TICUL>LY IMPRESSIVE 9 ?IS REG>D WAS ! DISCIPL9E %[N BY ! LOCAL P>TY ORGANIZATION4 ,SETT+ ASIDE !IR 9T]NAL DISPUTES1 ! ,PETROGRAD ,BOL%EVIKS SWIFTLY CLOS$ RANKS & PROCE$$ TO C>RY \T ! UNPLEASANT TASK ( REPRESSION ) EFFICI5CY & DISPAT*40 .<,AVRI*1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4 #d#h-#e.> 

,! ,COMMUNI/ GOV]NM5T />T$ TO ATTACK ,KRON/ADT ON ,M>* #g?4 ,AFT] #a DAYS ( CON/ANT ATTACKS ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT WAS CRU%$ BY ! ,R$ ,>MY4 ,! NEXT DAY1 AS AN IRONY ( HI/ORY1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS CELEBRAT$ ! FIFTIE? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE4 ,?IS YE>1 ,L59I/S WILL M>K ! #e? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! CRU%+ ( ! ,HUNG>IAN UPRIS+ ( #aief BY ,/AL9ISM :ILE1 SIMULTANE\SLY1 ATTACK+ ,KRON/ADT4 

,! 0DEFEAT$ SAILORS BELONG$ BODY & SOLE TO ! ,REVOLUTION2 !Y HAD VOIC$ ! SUFF]+ & ! WILL ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE0 YET 0.<H.>UNDR$S ( PRISON]S W]E TAK5 AWAY TO ,PETROGRAD2 MON?S LAT] !Y W]E /ILL BE+ %OT 9 SMALL BAT*ES1 A S5SELESS & CRIM9AL AGONY0 7P>TICUL>LY AS !Y W]E 0PRISON]S ( W> 444 & ! ,GOV]NM5T HAD = A LONG TIME PROMIS$ AN AMNE/Y TO ITS OPPON5TS ON CONDITION ?AT !Y (F]$ !IR SUPPORT074 ,! 0RESPONSIBILITIES ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE HAD BE5 SIMPLY 5ORM\S0 & 0! SUBSEQU5T REPRESSION 444 NE$LESSLY B>B>\S40 .<,S]GE1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #aca & P4 #c#d#h.> 

,NOT CONT5T 9 CRU%+ ! REBELLION1 ,L59I/S SL&]$ IT FROM ! />T4 ,MOD]N DAY FOLL[]S ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY /ILL REPEAT ! SAME OLD LIES4 ,IT IS1 !RE=E1 NECESS>Y TO REFUTE !SE CLAIMS BE=E DISCUSS+ :Y ,KRON/ADT IT IMPORTANT & :AT LESSONS IT HAS = REVOLUTION>IES TODAY4 

,A ,:ITE REVOLT8 

,FROM ! />T1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS LI$ AB\T ! UPRIS+4 ,!Y ATTEMPT$ TO PA9T ! REVOLT AS BE+ ORGANIZ$ & LEAD BY ! ,:ITES4 ,S]GE REMEMB]$ ?AT HE WAS FIR/ TOLD ?AT 0,KRON/ADT IS 9 ! H&S ( ! ,:ITES0 & ?AT 0.<S.>MALL PO/]S /UCK ON ! WALLS 9 ! /ILL EMPTY /REETS PROCLAIM$ ?AT ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ,G5]AL ,KOZLOVSKY HAD SEIZ$ ,KRON/ADT ?R\< CONSPIRACY & TREASON40 ,LAT] ! 0TRU? SEEP$ ?R\< LITTLE BY LITTLE1 PA/ ! SMOKESCRE5 PUT \T BY ! ,PRESS1 :I* WAS POSITIVELY B]S]K ) LIES40 ,! ,BOL%EVIK PRESS 0LI$ SY/EMATICALLY0 & ! (FICIAL L9E WAS 0AN ATROCI\S LIE40 ,9 FACT1 0! SAILORS HAD MUT9I$1 IT WAS A NAVAL REVOLT L$ BY ! ,SOVIET40 ,H[EV]1 ! 0WORSE ( IT ALL WAS ?AT WE W]E P>ALYZ$ BY ! (FICIAL FALSEHOODS4 ,IT HAD NEV] HAPP5$ BE=E ?AT \R ,P>TY %\LD LIE TO US LIKE ?IS4 ',IT'S NECESS>Y = ! B5EFIT ( ! PUBLIC1' SAID SOME 444 ! /RIKE .<9 ,PETROGRAD.> WAS N[ PRACTICALLY G5]AL40 .<,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4 #a#b#d-#f.> 

,EV5 ,ISAAC ,DEUTS*]1 ,TROTSKY'S BIOGRAPH] SAID ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS 0D5\NC$ ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT AS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y MUT9E]S1 L$ BY A ,:ITE G5]AL4 ,! D5UNCIATION APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 GR\NDLESS40 7,! ,PROPHET ,>M$7 ,L59 ADMITT$ AS MU* ON ! #a#e? ( ,M>* AT ! ,T5? ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE3 0!Y DID NOT WANT ! ,:ITE ,GU>DS1 & !Y DO NOT WANT \R P[] EI!R40 .<QUOT$ BY ,AVRI*1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #a#b#i.> 

,A ,:ITE PLOT8 

,AS ! FACTS ( ,KRON/ADT BECAME BETT] KN[N1 ,L59I/ CLAIMS ON ! REVOLT *ANG$4 ,RA!R ?AN BE+ A ,:ITE REVOLT1 !Y >GU$ ?AT IT WAS 9SPIR$ BY A ,:ITE PLOT4 ,! SAILORS W]E MISLEAD BY CONSPIRATORS4 ,! EVID5CE = ?IS CLAIM AT ! TIME WAS NON-EXI/5T4 ,TROTSKY PO9T$ TO REPORTS 9 0=EIGN NEWSPAP]S0 ( 0AN UPRIS+ 9 ,KRON/ADT0 9 0! MIDDLE ( ,FEBRU>Y0 & >GU$ ?IS PROV$ ! WORK ( 0,RUSSIAN C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZ]S PROMIS$40 ,ON ! 0BASIS ( ! DISPAT*0 HE 0S5T A W>N+ TO ,PETROGRAD TO MY NAVAL COLLEAGUES40 .<,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 ,KRON/ADT1 P4 #f#h.> 

,TO SEE ! TRU? ( !SE CLAIMS IT IS SIMPLY A CASE ( LOOK+ AT H[ ! ,BOL%EVIKS REACT$ TO ?IS ANN\NCEM5T ( AN UPRIS+ 9 ,KRON/ADT4 ,!Y DID NO?+4 ,J4,G4 ,WRI<T1 9 HIS DEF5SE ( ,TROTSKY'S POSITION1 ACKN[L$G$ ?AT ! 0,R$ ,>MY COMM&0 WAS 0.<C.>AU<T (F GU>D BY ! MUT9Y40 .<,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #a#b#c.> ,?IS CLE>LY %[S H[ LITTLE WEI<T ! NEWSPAP] REPORTS W]E HELD BE=E ! REBELLION4 

,AS PRO( ( A ,:ITE PLOT1 ?IS EVID5CE IS PA!TIC4 ,! 0PUBLICATION ( FALSE NEWS AB\T ,RUSSIA WAS NO?+ EXCEPTIONAL4 ,SU* NEWS WAS PUBLI%$ BE=E1 DUR+ & AFT] ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS444 ,TO BASE AN ACCUSATION ON A 'PRO(' ( ?IS K9D IS 9ADMISSIBLE & IMMORAL40 .<,METT1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #g#f.> ,BO? ,L59 & ,TROTSKY ADMITT$ ?AT ! IMP]IALI/ PRESS PR9T$ A GREAT NUMB] ( FICTITI\S REPORTS AB\T ,RUSSIA BUT ALSO MA9TA9$ ?AT ! REPORTS ON ,KRON/ADT W]E NOT6 .<,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #f#i1 P4 #e & P4 #e#a.> ,! QUE/ION ( :Y ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y PLOTT]S W\LD GIV5 !IR 5EMIES ADVANCE NOTICE ( !IR PLANS NEV] CROSS$ !IR M9DS4 

,DECADES LAT] HI/ORIAN ,PAUL ,AVRI* DID DISCOV] AN UNSIGN$ H& WRITT5 MANUSCRIPT LABEL$ 0,TOP ,SECRET0 & 5TITL$ 0,MEMOR&UM ON ! ,QUE/ION ( ,ORGANIZ+ AN ,UPRIS+ 9 ,KRON/ADT40 ,H[EV]1 READ+ ! DOCUM5T QUICKLY %[S ?AT ,KRON/ADT WAS NOT A PRODUCT ( A ,:ITE CONSPIRACY4 ,AVRI* RI<TLY REJECTS ! IDEA ?AT ! 0,MEMOR&UM0 EXPLA9S ! REVOLT1 >GU+ !Y HAD 0NO TIME TO PUT !SE PLANS 9TO EFFECT40 ,! 0]UPTION OCCURR$ TOO SOON1 SEV]AL WEEKS BE=E ! BASIC CONDITIONS ( ! PLOT 444 C\LD BE FULFILL$40 ,IT 0IS NOT TRUE10 HE /RESSES1 0?AT ! EMIGRES HAD 5G9E]+ ! REBELLION40 ,! REVOLT WAS 0A SPONTANE\S & SELF-CONTA9$ MOVEM5T FROM BEG9N+ TO 5D40 ,MOREOV]1 REVOLT 0CAU<T ! EMIGRES (F BALANCE0 & ?AT 0.<N.>O?+ 444 HAD BE5 DONE TO IMPLEM5T ! ,SECRET ,MEMOR&UM1 & ! W>N+S ( ! AU?OR W]E FULLY BORNE \T40 .<,PAUL ,AVRI*1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4 #a#f-#g1 PP4 #a#a#a-#b1 PP4 #a#b#f-#g1 P4 #bab & P4 #a#b#c.> ,IF ,KRON/ADT WAS A ,:ITE CONSPIRACY !N H[ C\LD ! CONSPIRATORS HAVE BE5 CAU<T UNAW>ES8 

,LA/LY1 WE MU/ COMM5T UPON ! FACT ?AT MEMB]S ( ,KRON/ADT'S REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE TOOK REFUGE 9 ,F9L& ALONG ) >\ND #h1 O!RS4 ,?IS DOES NOT 9DICATE ANY 0,:ITE GU>DI/0 CONNECTIONS = :]E ELSE C\LD !Y GO8 ,ANY:]E ELSE W\LD HAVE BE5 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA & SO A ,BOL%EVIK PRISON & ULTIMATELY DEA?4 

,! ,:ITE ?REAT 

,! LACK ( =EIGN 9T]V5TION DUR+ ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT SUGGE/S MORE ?AN JU/ ! FACT ?AT ! REVOLT WAS NOT A 0,:ITE CONSPIRACY40 ,IT ALSO SUGGE/S ?AT ! ,:ITES W]E 9 NO POSITION TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! REBELLION OR EV5 SUPPORT IT4 ,?IS IS SIGNIFICANT SIMPLY BECAUSE ! ,BOL%EVIKS & !IR SUPPORT]S >GUE ?AT ! REVOLT HAD TO BE REPRESS$ SIMPLY BECAUSE ! ,SOVIET ,/ATE WAS 9 DANG] ( ,:ITE &_/OR =EIGN 9T]V5TION4 ,! FACTS >E DIFF]5T4 

,FIR/LY1 ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT BROKE \T MON?S AFT] ! 5D ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,WE/]N ,RUSSIA4 ,WRANGEL HAD FL$ FROM ! ,CRIMEA 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#b4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E SO AFRAID ( ,:ITE 9VASION ?AT BY E>LY #aiba !Y DEMOBILIZ$ HALF ! ,R$ ,>MY 7SOME #b1#e1 M574 ,SECONDLY1 ! ,RUSSIAN EMIGRES 0REMA9$ AS DIVID$ & 9EFFECTUAL AS BE=E1 ) NO PROSPECT ( COOP]ATION 9 SI<T40 ,?IRDLY1 AS F> AS ,WRANGEL1 ! LA/ ( ! ,:ITE ,G5]ALS1 GOES1 HIS =CES W]E 9 NO /ATE TO RE-9VADE ,RUSSIA4 ,HIS TROOPS W]E 0DISP]S$ & !IR MORAL SAGG+0 & IT W\LD HAVE TAK5 0MON?S 444 M]ELY TO MOBILIZE HIS M5 & TRANSPORT !M FROM ! ,M$IT]RANEAN TO ! ,BALTIC40 ,A SECOND FRONT 9 ! S\? 0W\LD HAVE MEANT ALMO/ C]TA9 DISA/]40 ,9DE$1 9 A CALL ISSU$ BY ! ,PETROGRAD ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ON ,M>* #e?1 !Y ASK$ ! REBELS3 0,HAV5'T Y\ HE>D :AT HAPP5$ TO ,WRANGEL'S M51 :O >E DY+ LIKE FLIES1 9 !IR ?\S&S ( HUNG] & DISEASE80 .<,AVRI*1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #a#c1 P4 #b#a#i1 P4 #adf & P4 #a#e.> 

,CLE>LY1 ! PROSPECT ( A ,:ITE 9VASION WAS SLIM4 ,?IS LEAVES ! QUE/ION ( CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5TS4 ,AVRI* >GUES ?AT 0.<A.>P>T FROM !IR [N 5]GETIC FUND-RAIS+ CAMPAIGN1 ! EMIGRES S\<T ! ASSI/ANCE ( ! ,5T5E P[]S4444 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T1 LOA! TO RESUME ! 9T]V5TIONI/ POLICIES ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 TURN$ A DEAF E> TO ALL SU* APPEALS4 ,! PROSPECTS ( ,BRITI% AID W]E EV5 DIMM] 444 ,! BE/ HOPE ( =EIGN SUPPORT CAME FROM ,FRANCE 444 ! ,FR5* REFUS$ TO 9T]F]E EI!R POLITICALLY OR MILIT>ILY 9 ! CRISIS40 ,! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T HAD ALSO 0)DREW ITS RECOGNITION ( ,WRANGEL'S DEFUNCT GOV]NM5T0 9 ,NOVEMB] #aib 0BUT CONT9U$ TO FE$ HIS TROOPS ON 'HUMANE GR\NDS1' MEAN:ILE URG+ HIM TO DISB&40 .<,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4 #a#a#g-#i & P4 #a#e.> 

,?US1 ! CLAIM ?AT =EIGN 9T]V5TION WAS LIKELY SEEMS )\T BASIS4 ,L59 HIMSELF >GU$ ON ,M>* #a#f? ?AT 0! 5EMIES0 >\ND ! ,BOL%EVIK /ATE W]E 0NO LONG] ABLE TO WAGE !IR W> ( 9T]V5TION40 .<,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #e#b.> 

,A ,PEASANT REBELLION8 

,IT IS COMMON = ,L59I/S TO ASS]T ?AT ! REBELLION WAS A PEASANT OR KULAK REVOLT & SO DISMISS IT \T ( H&4 

,YET EV5 A SUP]FICIAL ANALYSIS ( ! EV5TS ( ! REVOLT & ( ! ,PETROPAVLOVSK RESOLUTION CAN ALL[ ! READ] ,L59I/ ASS]TIONS ?AT IT WAS A 0KULAK0 DOCUM5T4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,TROTSKYI/ DEF9ITION ( 0KULAK10 ! T]M REF]S TO RI* PEASANTS :O [N$ L& & HIR$ POOR PEASANTS TO WORK IT4 ,PO9T #aa ( ! ,KRON/ADT DEM&S EXPLICITLY /ATES OPPOSITION TO RURAL WAGE LABOR4 ,H[ C\LD ,KRON/ADT REPRES5T 0! KULAK0 :5 IT CALL$ = ! ABOLITION ( HIR$ LABOR ON ! L&8 ,IRONICALLY1 ,L59'S ,N,E,P DID ALL[ WAGE LABOR & ?US REPRES5T$ KULAK 9T]E/S4 

,SO DID ! DEM&S REPRES5T ! 9T]E/S ( ! 7NON-KULAK7 PEASANTRY8 ,TO DO SO WE MU/ SEE :E!R ! DEM&S REFLECT$ ?OSE ( 9DU/RIAL WORK]S OR NOT4 ,IF ! DEM&S DO1 9 FACT1 MAT* ?OSE ( /RIK+ WORK]S & O!R PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS !N WE CAN EASILY DISMISS ?IS CLAIM4 ,! DEM&S E*O$ ?OSE RAIS$ DUR+ ! ,MOSC[ & ,PETROGRAD /RIKES ?AT PREC$$ ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT4 .<,AVRI*1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4 #d#b-#c.> ,?US CLAIMS ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT DEM&S REFLECT$ PEASANT NE$S >E MI/AK54 ,!Y REFLECT$ ! NE$S ( ! :OLE WORK+ POPULATION1 9CLUD+ ! URBAN WORK+ CLASS :O RAIS$ !SE DEM&S CONT9UALLY ?R\<\T ! ,CIVIL ,W> P]IOD 9 !IR /RIKES4 

,PEASANT SAILORS8 

,! MO/ COMMON ,TROTSKYI/ ASS]TION TO JU/IFY ! REPRESSION ( ! REVOLT IS ?AT ( ,TROTSKY4 ,IT >GUES ?AT ! SAILORS 9 #aiba W]E DIFF]5T ?AN ?OSE 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,TROTSKY />T$ ?IS L9E ( JU/IFICATION DUR+ ! REVOLT1 /AT+ ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET HAD BE5 09EVITABLY ?9N$ \T ) RESPECT TO P]SONNEL0 & SO A 0GREAT MANY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SAILORS0 ( #aiag HAD BE5 0TRANSF]R$0 ELSE:]E4 ,!Y HAD BE5 0REPLAC$ 9 L>GE MEASURE BY ACCID5TAL ELEM5TS40 ,?IS 0FACILITAT$0 ! WORK ( ! 0C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZ]S0 :O HAD 0SELECT$0 ,KRON/ADT4 .<,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4 #f#h-#i.> 

,REC5T RESE>* DISPROVES ,TROTSKY'S CLAIMS4 ,GETZL] HAS DEMON/RAT$ ?AT ( ?OSE S]V+ 9 ! ,BALTIC FLEET ON #a/ ,JANU>Y #aiba AT LEA/ #g#e4#e.0 W]E DRAFT$ BE=E #a#i#a#h4 ,OV] #h.0 W]E FROM ,GREAT ,RUSSIAN >EAS1 #a.0 FROM ! ,UKRA9E & #i.0 FROM ,F9L&1 ,E/ONIA1 ,LATVIA & ,POL&4 ,?US ! 0VET]AN POLITICIZ$ ,R$ SAILOR /ILL PR$OM9AT$ 9 ,KRON/ADT AT ! 5D ( #a#i#b40 ,HE ALSO 9VE/IGAT$ ! CREWS ( ! ,PETROPAVLOVSK & ! ,SEVA/OPOL4 ,HIS F9D+S >E CONCLUSIVE3 ( ! #b1#b#h SAILORS :]E YE>S ( 5LI/M5T >E KN[N1 #i#c4#i.0 W]E RECRUIT$ 9TO ! NAVY BE=E & DUR+ ! #aiag REVOLUTION4 ,ONLY #f4#h.0 ( ! SAILORS W]E RECRUIT$ 9 ! YE>S #a#i#a#h-#b#a4.< ,GETZL]1 ,KRON/ADT #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#a1 PP4 #b#g-#h.> ,MOREOV]1 ! MAJORITY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE W]E VET]ANS ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,SOVIET & ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION4 

,:Y HAD ! SAILORS REMA9$8 ,! MO/ OBVI\S REASON WAS ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ COMM&] AT ,KRON/ADT W\LD NOT HAVE LEFT ,PETROGRAD TOTALLY UNDEF5D$4 ,ALSO1 ,KRON/ADT'S %IPS & DEF5SES REQUIR$ A HI< LEVEL ( TE*NICAL KN[L$GE & EXP]I5CE :I* MEANT ?AT ! SAILORS HAD TO REMA9 !RE4 ,MOREOV]1 SAILORS :O HAD BE5 S5T TO O!R BATTLEFRONTS RETURN$ BY ! 5D ( #a#i#a#i4 .<,GETZL]1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #bh & PP4 #a#i#g-#h.> 

,KRON/ADT3 #aiag VS4 #aiba 

,?IS CONT9UITY ( P]SONNEL IS ALSO REFLECT$ 9 ! POLITICS ( ! REVOLT4 ,KRON/ADT 9 #aiag WAS NEV] DOM9AT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 :O W]E ALWAYS A M9ORITY4 ,RA!R A 0RADICAL POPULI/ COALITION ( ,MAXIMALI/S & ,LEFT ,S,RS HELD SWAY1 ALBEIT PREC>I\SLY1 )9 ,KRON/ADT & ITS ,SOVIET0 70EXT]NALLY ,KRON/ADT WAS A LOYAL /RON<OLD ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME074 .<,GETZL]1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #a#g#i.> 

,EV5 9 ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS DID NOT PREVAIL4 ,! SOVIET MAJORITY WAS MADE UP ( ,S,R ,MAXIMALI/S & ,LEFT ,S,RS4 ,IT WAS ONLY 9 ! ,JANU>Y ELECTIONS ( #aiah ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS IMPROV$ !IR POSITION1 GA9+ #d#f.0 ( SEATS4 ,! SOVIET /ILL ELECT$ A ,LEFT ,S,R AS ITS *AIRMAN & S5T A ,MAXIMALI/1 AN>*I/ & ,BOL%EVIK TO ! ,F\R? ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS4 ,BY ! ,APRIL #aiah ELECTIONS1 AS 9 MO/ ( ,RUSSIA1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS F\ND !IR SUPPORT HAD DECREAS$ 7D[N TO #b#i.074 ,!IR 9FLU5CE WAS SO WEAK ?AT ON ,APRIL #a#h?1 ! ,KRON/ADT SOVIET D5\NC$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS ATTACK AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S 9 ,MOSC[4 .<,GETZL]1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4 #a#h#b-#d.> 

,POLITICALLY1 ! CLIMATE 9 ,KRON/ADT 9 #aiag WAS V]Y CLOSE TO ! POLITICS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MAXIMALI/S1 A LEFT-W+ SPLIT-(F FROM ! ,S,R ,P>TY1 POLITICALLY LOCAT$ SOME:]E BETWE5 ! ,LEFT ,S,RS & ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,!Y >GU$ = SOVIET P[]1 NOT P>TY P[]1 AS WELL AS WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T RA!R ?AN ! /ATE CAPITALISM ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,IT 0REJECT$ P>TY FACTIONALISM0 & 0/OOD = PURE SOVIETISM04 ,!Y S\<T AN IMM$IATE AGR>IAN & URBAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 CALL+ = ! 0SOCIALIZATION ( P[]1 ( ! L& & ( ! FACTORIES0 TO BE ORGANIZ$ BY A F$]ATION ( SOVIETS BAS$ ON DIRECT ELECTIONS & 9/ANT RECALL1 AS A FIR/ /EP T[>DS SOCIALISM4 .<,GETZL]1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #a#c#e.> 

,?IS POLITICAL P]SPECTIVE REAPPE>$ 9 #a#i#b#a3 0,ON NE>LY EV]Y IMPORTANT PO9T ! ,KRON/ADT PROGRAM1 AS SET =? 9 ! REBEL ,IZVE/IIA1 CO9CID$ ) ?AT ( ! ,MAXIMALI/S40 .<,AVRI*1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #a#g#a.> ,GIV5 ! CONT9UITY ( ! SAILORS1 ?IS WAS TO BE EXPECT$4 ,HEAVILY 9FLU5C$ BY AN>*I/ & SEMI-AN>*I/S 9 #a#i#a#g1 9 #aiba ! SAME POLITICAL IDEAS CAME TO ! =E AGA9 ONCE ! ,KRON/ADT]S HAD FRE$ !MSELVES FROM ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP4 

,PETROGRAD & ,KRON/ADT 

,= ,L59I/S1 ! 9ACTION ( ! ,PETROGRAD WORK]S DUR+ ! REVOLT IS SIGNIFICANT4 ,TROTSKY >GU$ ?AT FROM 0! CLASS PO9T ( VIEW0 IT IS 0EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO CONTRA/ ! BEHAVIOR ( ,KRON/ADT TO ?AT ( ,PETROGRAD 9 ?OSE CRITICAL DAYS40 ,! 0UPRIS+ DID NOT ATTRACT ! ,PETROGRAD WORK]S4 ,IT REPELL$ !M4 ,! /RATIFICATION PROCE$$ ALONG CLASS L9ES4 ,! WORK]S IMM$IATELY FELT ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT MUT9E]S /OOD ON ! OPPOSITE SIDE ( ! B>RICADES -- & !Y SUPPORT$ ! ,SOVIET P[]4 ,! POLITICAL ISOLATION ( ,KRON/ADT WAS ! CAUSE ( ITS 9T]NAL UNC]TA9TY & ITS MILIT>Y DEFEAT40 .<,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4 #i-#a.> 

,YET ,TROTSKY WAS 9SULT+ ! 9TELLIG5CE ( HIS READ]S BY ?IS >GUM5T4 ,BY FAIL+ TO M5TION 0! CAMPAIGN ( SL&]1 LIES & CALUMNY AGA9/ ! SAILORS0 CONDUCT$ BY ! ,SOVIET ,PRESS OR ?AT 0,PETROGRAD WAS PUT UND] M>TIAL LAW0 ,TROTSKY1 QUITE CLE>LY1 0DELIB]ATELY FALSIFIES ! FACTS40 .<,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,TROTSKY ,PROTE/S ,TOO ,MU*.> ,IF ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD RE/$ ON ! WORK+ CLASS !N !Y W\LD NOT HAVE HAD TO TURN ,PETROGRAD 9TO AN >M$ CAMP1 REPRESS ! /RIKES1 IMPOSE M>TIAL LAW & >RE/ MILITANT WORK]S4 ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 ! /ATE ( SIEGE WAS F9ALLY LIFT$ ON ! #b#bND ( ,M>*1 FIVE DAYS AFT] ! CRU%+ ( ,KRON/ADT4 

,TOO EXHAU/$ = REVOLUTION8 

,ONCE ALL ! LIES & SL&] >E CORRECT$1 ,L59I/S /ILL T5D TO SUPPORT ! CRU%+ ( ! REBELLION4 ,?IS P]SPECTIVE F9DS ITS CLE>E/ EXPRESSION 9 ,VICTOR ,S]GE3 

0! C\NTRY WAS EXHAU/$1 & PRODUCTION PRACTICALLY AT A /&/ILL2 !RE WAS NO RES]VES ( ANY K9D1 NOT EV5 RES]VES ( /AM9A 9 ! HE>TS ( ! MASSES4 ,! WORK+-CLASS ELITE ?AT HAD BE5 MOLD$ 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! OLD REGIME WAS LIT]ALLY DECIMAT$4 ,! ,P>TY1 SWOLL5 BY ! 9FLUX ( P[]-SEEK]S1 9SPIR$ LITTLE CONFID5CE 444 ,SOVIET DEMOCRACY LACK$ LEAD]%IP1 9/ITUTIONS & 9SPIRATION 444 

0,! POPUL> C\NT]-REVOLUTION TRANSLAT$ ! DEM& = FREELY-ELECT$ SOVIETS 9TO ONE = ',SOVIETS )\T ,COMMUNI/S4' ,IF ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP FELL1 IT WAS ONLY A %ORT /EP TO *AOS1 & ?R\< *AOS TO A PEASANT RIS+1 ! MASSACRE ( ! ,COMMUNI/S1 ! RETURN ( ! EMIGRES1 & 9 ! 5D1 ?R\< ! %E] =CE ( EV5TS1 ANO!R DICTATOR%IP1 ?IS TIME ANTI-PROLET>IAN40 .<,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4 #a#b#h-#i.> 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ! C\NTRY WAS EXHAU/$ BY CIVIL W> & AN>*I/S1 BY IGNOR+ ?IS FACT1 FAIL TO UND]/& ! OBJECTIVE CIRCUM/ANCES =C+ ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO REPRESS ! REVOLT4 

,AN>*I/S1 H[EV]1 >E WELL AW>E ( ! PROBLEMS FAC+ ! REVOLUTION4 ,B]KMAN 7:O WAS 9 ,PETROGRAD AT ! TIME7 PO9T$ \T ! 0.<L.> ONG YE>S ( W>1 REVOLUTION1 & CIVIL /RUGGLE0 :I* 0HAD BL$ ,RUSSIA TO EXHAU/ION & BR\<T H] PEOPLE TO ! BR9K ( DESPAIR40 .<,! ,RUSSIAN ,TRAG$Y1 P4 #f#a.> ,LIKE EV]Y WORK]1 PEASANT1 SAILOR & SOLDI] 9 ,RUSSIA1 AN>*I/S KNEW ?AT RECON/RUCTION W\LD NOT TAKE PLACE OV]NI<T4 ,! ,KRON/ADT]S' RECOGNIZ$ ?IS & >GU$ = 0FRE% SOCIALI/ CON/RUCTION AS OPPOS$ TO ME*ANICAL1 GOV]NM5TAL ',COMMUNI/' CON/RUCTION40 .<,NO ,GODS1 ,NO ,MA/]S1 VOL4 #b1 P4 #a#i#d.> 

,YES1 ! PROBLEMS FAC+ ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS W]E DIFFICULT 9 ! EXTREME 7SOME ( :I*1 9CID5TALLY1 W]E DUE TO ! RESULTS ( ,BOL%EVIK ECONOMIC POLICIES :I* COMP\ND$ ECONOMIC *AOS VIA C5TRALIZATION74 ,YET !Y C\LD NEV] BE SOLV$ BY ANYONE ELSE B> ! ?\S&S ( WORK]S TAK+ /RIKE ACTION ALL ACROSS ,RUSSIA AT ! TIME3 0,& IF ! PROLET>IAT WAS ?AT EXHAU/$ H[ COME IT WAS /ILL CAPABLE ( WAG+ VIRTUALLY TOTAL G5]AL /RIKES 9 ! L>GE/ & MO/ HEAVILY 9DU/RIALIZ$ CITIES80 .<,IDA ,METT1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #h#a.> 

,! QUE/ION = AN>*I/S1 AS = ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS1 WAS :AT ! NECESS>Y PRE-CONDITIONS = ?IS RECON/RUCTION W]E4 ,C\LD ,RUSSIA BE RE-BUILT 9 A SOCIALI/ WAY :ILE BE+ SUBJECT TO A DICTATOR%IP :I* CRU%$ EV]Y SIGN ( WORK+ CLASS PROTE/ & COLLECTIVE ACTION8 ,!RE >E TWO POSSIBILITIES = RECON/RUCTION -- EI!R FROM ABOVE OR FROM BEL[4 ,SU* A RECON/RUCTION C\LD ONLY BE SOCIALI/ 9 NATURE IF IT 9VOLV$ ! DIRECT P>TICIPATION ( ! WORK+ MASSES 9 DET]M9+ :AT WAS NE$$ & H[ TO DO IT4 ,ANY BUREAUCRATIC1 TOP-D[N RE-CON/RUCTION W\LD REBUILD ! SOCIETY 9 A WAY :I* B5EFIT$ A FEW4 ,:I* WAS :AT HAPP5$4 

,AN>*I/S & LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S :O DEF5D ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT & OPPOSE ! ACTIONS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS >E NOT FOOLI% 5\< TO >GUE ?AT ,KRON/ADT'S 0?IRD REVOLUTION0 W\LD HAVE DEF9ITELY SUCCE$$4 ,H5CE ,ANTE ,CILIGA3 

0,LET US CONSID]1 F9ALLY1 ONE LA/ ACCUSATION :I* IS COMMONLY CIRCULAT$3 ?AT ACTION SU* AS ?AT AT ,KRON/ADT C\LD HAVE 9DIRECTLY LET LOOSE ! =CES ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE 9DE$ ?AT EV5 BY PLAC+ ITSELF ON A FOOT+ ( WORK]S' DEMOCRACY ! REVOLUTION MI<T HAVE BE5 OV]?R[N2 BUT :AT IS C]TA9 IS ?AT IT HAS P]I%$1 & ?AT IT HAS P]I%$ ON ACC\NT ( ! POLICY ( ITS LEAD]S4 ,! REPRESSION ( ,KRON/ADT1 ! SUPPRESSION ( ! DEMOCRACY ( WORK]S & SOVIETS BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ P>TY1 ! ELIM9ATION ( ! PROLET>IAT FROM ! MANAGEM5T ( 9DU/RY1 & ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! ,N,E,P1 ALREADY SIGNIFI$ ! DEA? ( ! ,REVOLUTION40 .<,KRON/ADT ,REVOLT1 P4 #c#c#e.> 

,KRON/ADT'S 0,?IRD ,REVOLUTION0 MAY HAVE L$ TO DEFEAT4 ,?AT IS POSSIBLE -- JU/ AS 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,ONE ?+ IS SURE -- BY MA9TA9+ ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS CRU%$4 

,SELF-RE=M ( DICTATOR%IP8 

,! ONLY ALT]NATIVE TO ! 0?IRD REVOLUTION0 W\LD HAVE BE5 SELF-RE=M ( ! P>TY DICTATOR%IP1 SU* ! ATTEMPT ( ! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION4 ,H[ VIABLE WAS ?IS8 ,C\LD ! DICTATOR%IP RE=M ITSELF8 ,WAS SOVIET DEMOCRACY MORE ( A DANG] ?AN ! UNCONTROLL$ DICTATOR%IP ( A P>TY )9 A /ATE M>K$ BY ALREADY S]I\S LEVELS ( CORRUPTION1 BUREAUCRACY & DESPOTISM8 ,HI/ORY PROVIDES ! ANSW] ) ! RISE ( ,/AL94 ,! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION RECEIV$ ! CROP ?AT ,L59 & ,TROTSKY S[$ ! SE$S ( 9 #a#i#b#a4 

,NOT ?AT ! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION PRES5T$ MU* ( AN ALT]NATIVE4 ,AT NO TIME DID IT QUE/ION ! NE$ = P>TY DICTATOR%IP4 ,! ONLY GU>ANTEE ?AT ! P>TY DICTATOR%IP W\LD GOV]N 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT W\LD BE ! GOOD 9T5TIONS ( ! P>TY4 ,H[EV]1 BE+ UNACC\NTABLE TO ! MASSES1 SU* A GU>ANTEE W\LD BE WOR?LESS -- AS HI/ORY %[S4 ,KRON/ADT IS ! OBVI\S 5D RESULT ( SU* POLITICS4 

,SO :5 ,L59I/S >GUE ?AT ,KRON/ADT W\LD HAVE OP5$ ! GATE TO C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 !Y DO NOT UND]/& ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION & ?AT !IR REGIME WAS ,S]GE'S 0ANTI-PROLET>IAN0 DICTATOR%IP4 

,:Y IS ,KRON/ADT IMPORTANT8 

,KRON/ADT WAS A POPUL> UPRIS+ FROM BEL[ BY ! SAME SAILORS1 SOLDI]S & WORK]S ?AT HAD MADE ! #aiag REVOLUTIONS4 ,ITS REPRESSION PROVES ?AT ,BOL%EVISM IS A FLAW$ POLITICAL IDEOLOGY :I* CANNOT CREATE A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY BUT ONLY A /ATE CAPITALI/ REGIME BAS$ ON P>TY DICTATOR%IP4 ,?IS IS :AT ,KRON/ADT %[S ABOVE ALL ELSE3 GIV5 A *OICE BETWE5 WORK]S' P[] & P>TY P[]1 ,BOL%EVISM WILL DE/ROY ! =M] TO 5SURE ! LATT]4 

,9 ?IS1 ,KRON/ADT IS NO ISOLAT$ EV5T4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK /ATE HAD PROV5 ITSELF TO BE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y CONT9UALLY S9CE ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#g4 ,KRON/ADT WAS ! F9AL NAIL 9 C(F9 ( ,L59I/ CLAIMS TO BE 9 FAVOR ( SOVIET DEMOCRACY & P[]4 ,! CIVIL W> WAS EFFECTIVELY OV]1 YET ! REGIME %[$ NO SIGNS ( *ANG+4 ,RA!R IT CONT9U$ ! AU?ORIT>IANISM & REPRESSION IT HAD PRACTIC$ BE=E ! CIVIL W> />T$4 

,SIMIL>LY1 ! ,L59I/ JU/IFICATIONS = !IR P[] & ACTIONS AT ,KRON/ADT HAVE DIRECT IMPLICATIONS = CURR5T ACTIVITY & FUTURE REVOLUTIONS4 ,! LOGIC ( !SE RATIONALES SIMPLY MEAN ?AT MOD]N DAY ,L59I/S WILL1 IF 9 ! SAME POSITION1 DE/ROY SOVIET DEMOCRACY TO DEF5D 0SOVIET P[]0 7I4E4 ! P[] ( !IR P>TY74 

,! ISSUE IS SIMPLE -- EI!R SOCIALISM MEANS ! SELF-EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS OR IT DOES NOT4 ,L59I/ JU/IFICATIONS = ! SUPPRESSION ( ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT SIMPLY MEANS ?AT = ! FOLL[]S ( ,BOL%EVISM1 :5 NECESS>Y1 ! P>TY WILL PAT]NALI/ICALLY REPRESS ! WORK+ CLASS = !IR [N GOOD4 ,IF ! P>TY LEAD]S DECIDE A DECISION BY ! MASSES IS 9CORRECT1 !N ! MASSES >E OV]RIDD5 7& REPRESS$74 ,SO MU* = 0ALL P[] TO ! SOVIETS0 OR 0WORK]S' P[]40 

,KRON/ADT WAS ! CLA% BETWE5 ! REALITY ( ,L59ISM & ITS RHETORIC3 0,! ,KRON/ADT EXP]I5CE PROVES ONCE MORE ?AT GOV]NM5T1 ! ,/ATE -- :ATEV] ITS NAME OR =M -- IS EV] ! MORTAL 5EMY ( LIB]TY & POPUL> SELF-DET]M9ATION4 ,! /ATE HAS NO S\L1 NO PR9CIPLES4 ,IT HAS BUT ONE AIM -- TO SECURE P[] & HOLD IT1 AT ANY CO/4 ,?AT IS ! POLITICAL LESSON ( ,KRON/ADT40 .<,B]KMAN1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #h#i.> 

,BIBLIOGRAPHY 

,ALSO SEE 0,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q0 & ITS APP5DIX ON ! ,KRON/ADT ,REBELLION 

,G5]AL 

,PAUL ,AVRI*1 ,KRON/ADT #a#i#b#a1 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON & ,COMPANY ,9C41 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g4 

,ISRAEL ,GETZL] ,KRON/ADT #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#a3 ,! ,FATE ( A ,SOVIET ,DEMOCRACY1 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,CAMBRIDGE1 #a#i#h#c4 

,AN>*I/_/,LIB]T>IAN ,SOCIALI/ 

,IDA ,METT1 ,! ,KRON/ADT ,UPRIS+1 ,SOLID>ITY1 ,LONDON1 DATE UNKN[N4 

,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 0,! ,KRON/ADT ,REBELLION01 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,TRAG$Y1 ,PLUTO ,PRESS1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#h#i4 

,DANIEL ,GU]9 7$471 ,NO ,GODS1 ,NO ,MA/]S1 VOL4 #b1 ,A,K ,PRESS1 ,$9BUR<_/,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 #a#i#i#h4 

,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,TROTSKY ,PROTE/S ,TOO ,MU* 

,ANTON ,CILIGA1 ,KRON/ADT ,REVOLT1 ,! ,RAV51 NO1 #h1 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS4 

,L59I/ 

,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 ,KRON/ADT1 ,MONAD ,PRESS1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#h#f4 

,VICTOR ,S]GE1 ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y1 #a#i#a-#d#a1 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,OX=D1 #a#i#f#c4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,KRON/ADT #aiba -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,KRON/ADT #aiba -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/