,LE>N+ ,FROM ,F]GUSON 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,NATURE ( ,POLICE1 ! ,ROLE ( ! ,LEFT 

,A Y\NG BLACK P]SON WAS KILL$1 MANY PEOPLE BRAVE 5\< TO TAKE TO ! /REETS 9 ! AFT]MA? W]E 9JUR$ & >RE/$1 & ! ONLY REAL CONSEQU5CES ! POLICE WILL FACE WILL BE *ANGES DESIGN$ TO 9CREASE !IR EFFICI5CY AT SP9N+ ! NEWS OR H&L+ ! CR[DS1 ! NEXT TIME !Y KILL SOMEONE4 ,BECAUSE AMID ALL ! 9ANE CONTROV]SIES1 ?AT IS ONE FACT ?AT NO ONE CAN DISPUTE3 ! POLICE WILL KILL AGA91 & AGA91 & AGA94 ,A DISPROPORTIONATE NUMB] ( !IR T>GETS WILL BE Y\NG PEOPLE ( COLOR & TRANSG5D] PEOPLE1 BUT !Y HAVE ALSO KILL$ OLD] PEOPLE1 LIKE ,JOHN ,T4 ,WILLIAMS1 ,B]N>D ,MONROE1 & ,JOHN ,ADAMS1 & :ITE PEOPLE TOO4 ,! ,RI<T HAS SEIZ$ ON A C\PLE CASES ( :ITE Y\? BE+ KILL$ BY COPS1 LIKE ,DILLON ,TAYLOR OR ,JOSEPH ,J5N+S1 ?R[+ QUE/IONS ( PROPORTION \T ! W9D[ 9 A CRASS ATTEMPT TO CLAIM ! POLICE >E NOT RACI/4 

,ESS5TIALLY1 ! PO9T BE+ MADE BY RI<T-W+ PUNDITS IS ?AT ! COPS >E KILL+ EV]YBODY1 SO IT'S NOT A PROBLEM4 ,! FACT ?AT !Y CAN MAKE ?IS >GUM5T & /ILL RETA9 CR$IBILITY ) A L>GE SECTOR ( ! POPULATION %[S H[ NORMALIZ$ ! ROLE ( ! POLICE IS 9 \R SOCIETY4 ,! TRUE MEAN+ ( ! EVID5CE US$ MANIPULATIVELY BY ! ,RI<T IS ?AT ! POLICE >E A DANG] TO ANYONE NOT WE>+ A BUS9ESS SUIT4 

,9 A S]I\S DEBATE1 H[EV]1 IT W\LD BE H>D TO D5Y ?AT ! POLICE >E A RACI/ 9/ITUTION P> EXCELL5CE4 ,!Y KILL Y\NG BLACK1 LAT9O1 & ,NATIVE PEOPLE AT A DISPROPORTIONATELY HI<] RATE ?AN :ITE Y\?1 & ! 9/ITUTION ITSELF DESC5D$ FROM ! PATROLS CREAT$ TO CAPTURE FUGITIVE SLAVES 9 ! ,S\? & POLICE URBAN IMMIGRANTS 9 ! ,NOR?1 AS MA/]FULLY DOCUM5T$ 9 ,KRI/IAN ,WILLIAMS' L&M>K BOOK1 ,\R ,5EMIES 9 ,BLUE4 ,:AT'S MORE1 ! CRIM9AL JU/ICE SY/EM ?AT ! POLICE PLAY AN 9TEGRAL ROLE 91 BO? FE$+ & DEF5D+ ! PRISON-9DU/RIAL COMPLEX1 GREW DIRECTLY \T ( ! #a#c? ,AM5DM5T'S APPROVAL ( SLAV]Y 9 ! CASE ( IMPRISONM5T1 ILLUM9AT+ ! PA? BY :I* ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES' ADVANC+ ECONOMY C\LD LEAVE PLANTATION SLAV]Y BEH9D1 FIR/ ) ! PAIR+ ( %>ECROPP+ & *A9 GANGS1 & MORE REC5TLY ) ! PAIR+ ( A PREC>I\S LABOR M>KET ON ! \TSIDE & BOOM+ PRISON 9DU/RIES ON ! 9SIDE4 

,H[EV]1 ?\< ! POLICE DO NOT AFFECT EV]YONE EQUALLY1 !Y DO AFFECT ALL ( US4 ,EV]YONE :O IS NOT WEAL?Y CAN BE A T>GET = POLICE VIOL5CE1 & ANYONE :O FI<TS = A FRE]1 FAIR] WORLD PUTS !MSELVES DIRECTLY 9TO ! COPS' CROS%AIRS4 ,DUR+ ! ,OSC> ,GRANT RIOTS 9 ,OAKL& OR ! ,JOHN ,T4 ,WILLIAMS PROTE/S 9 ,SEATTLE1 MANY J\RNALI/S1 CLOSELY E*O$ BY PROGRESSIVE SPOKESP]SONS1 D5\NC$ ! :ITE PEOPLE :O TOOK TO ! /REETS ANG]$ BY POLICE KILL+S4 ,) AN UND]H&$ RACISM1 !Y CA/ 0:ITE AN>*I/S0 AS ! R+LEAD]S ( ! MAYHEM1 SIL5C+ ! AN>*I/S ( COLOR AS WELL AS ! MANY Y\NG PEOPLE ( COLOR )\T ANY VISIBLE IDEOLOGY :O W]E (T5 ! MO/ ACTIVE AT TAK+ OV] ! /REETS OR FI<T+ BACK AGA9/ ! POLICE4 ,IF !Y REALLY C>$ AB\T RACISM & POLICE VIOL5CE1 W\LDN'T !Y HAVE PORTRAY$ ! Y\NG PEOPLE ( COLOR AS PROTAGONI/S1 RA!R ?AN M9DLESS /OOGES ( 0:ITE AN>*I/S10 OR SIMPLY ]AS+ !IR P>TICIPATION 5TIRELY8 ,9/EAD ( DISCR$IT+ ! RELATIVELY FEW :ITE PEOPLE :O DID TAKE TO ! /REETS1 %\LDN'T ! CRITICISMS HAVE BE5 DIRECT$ AT ALL ! :ITE PEOPLE :O /AY$ HOME8 

,H[EV]1 ) ! PROTE/S AFT] ! NON-9DICTM5T ( ,D>R5 ,WILSON1 C]TA9 5TR5*$ DYNAMICS HAVE />T$ TO *ANGE4 ,TRUE1 ! RESPONSE TO ! KILL+ ( ,OSC> ,GRANT DID SPREAD TO O!R P>TS ( ! ,WE/ ,COA/1 & IT WAS NOT SUCCESSFULLY SPUN AS AN ISSUE ONLY AFFECT+ BLACK PEOPLE2 BUT TO A F> GREAT] DEGREE1 ! RESPONSE TO ! (FICIAL ANN\NCEM5T ?AT ! GOV]NM5T APPROV$ ( ,MI*AEL ,BR[N'S MURD] SPREAD ACROSS ! C\NTRY & 9CLUD$ PEOPLE ( ALL RACES4 

,?IS IS A GOOD ?+3 MORE PEOPLE >E TAK+ ! PROBLEM ( ! POLICE S]I\SLY1 REALIZ+ !Y NE$ TO REACT1 & EXPLOR+ ACTIONS ?AT !Y CAN TAKE ?AT WILL MAKE A DIFF]5CE4 ,! CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT =C$ ?IS NECESS>Y /EP =W>D >E TRAGIC1 BUT !Y >E H>DLY A SURPRISE TO ANYONE ) ! SLI<TE/ S5SE ( HI/ORY4 ,POLICE KILL+S & UNWAV]+ GOV]NM5T SUPPORT = ! COPS >E AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( \R SOCIETY4 ,!Y >E NOT GO+ AWAY ANY TIME SOON4 

,LOGICALLY1 PEOPLE W\LD DEBATE3 :AT IS TO BE DONE8 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS A DEBATE ?AT MA9/REAM J\RNALI/S1 PROGRESSIVE J\RNALI/S1 PROTE/ ORGANIZATIONS1 & LEFT-W+ FIGUREHEADS HAVE ALL /UDI\SLY AVOID$1 MA9TA9+ NOT SO MU* A CONSPIRACY ( SIL5CE AS ONE ( VITRIOL & M>G9ALIZATION AGA9/ ANYONE :O *ALL5GES !IR UNSPOK5 T5ETS4 

,?OSE T5ETS >E SIMPLE3 ALL RESPONSES MU/ BE PEACEFUL2 & ! ONLY CONCEIVABLE GOAL IS PIECEMEAL RE=M4 ,)9 ?IS >TIFICIALLY FIX$ >5A1 WE >E ALL[$ TO SQUABBLE OV] ALL ! DETAILS WE WANT1 FROM COP-CAM]AS TO CITIZ5 REVIEW BO>DS1 BUT WE >E NEV] ALL[$ TO 5T]TA9 OP9IONS ?AT TRANSGRESS ?OSE LIMITS4 ,?OSE :O USE A WID] L5S TO UND]/& :]E POLICE VIOL5CE COMES FROM & :AT ROLE IT PLAYS 9 \R SOCIETY >E IGNOR$4 ,IF !Y >E EMPLOY$ AS J\RNALI/S OR ACADEMICS1 !Y HAVE JU/ MADE A POOR C>E] MOVE1 & !Y WILL QUICKLY BE DR[N$ \T BY ! LADD]-CLIMB+1 CYNICAL HACKS :O COV] UP ?IS ONGO+ TRAG$Y ) BANAL & MYOPIC OBS]VATIONS4 ,?OSE :O ACTUALLY ATTEMPT TO EXPLORE O!R PA?S ( ACTION & *ANGE WILL BE D5\NC$ AS 0?UGS10 0CRIM9ALS10 & 0AGITATORS10 ,F,O,X & ,N,P,R WILL SPEAK AB\T !M 9 ! SAME T]MS1 POLICE & PROTE/ LEAD]S WILL UNITE TO SUPPRESS !M4 

,?AT IS H[ FREE SPEE* WORKS 9 A DEMOCRACY4 ,FIX ! T]MS ( ! DEBATE1 DI/RACT ! MASSES ) FI]CE POLEMICS BETWE5 TWO ACCEPTABLE 0OPPOSITES0 ?AT >E SO CLOSE !Y >E ALMO/ T\*+1 5C\RAGE !M TO TAKE P>T1 & EI!R IGNORE OR CRIM9ALIZE ANYONE :O /AKES AN 9DEP5D5T POSITION1 ESPECIALLY ONE ?AT ?R[S 9TO QUE/ION ! FUNDAM5TAL T5ETS ?AT >E NATURALIZ$ & RE9=C$ BY BO? SIDES 9 ! (FICIAL DEBATE4 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY WAS ONE ( SEV]AL DISSID5TS TO REVEAL ?IS DYNAMIC DUR+ ! ,VIETNAM ,W> & DEMON/RATE ! UNANIMITY ( HAWK & DOVE POSITIONS 9 M$IA DEBATES4 ,! M$IA FOLL[ ! SAME RULES TODAY4 ,9 ?AT E>LI] CRISIS1 ! FUNDAM5TAL T5ET WAS ?AT ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T HAS ! RI<T TO PROJECT ITS P[]1 MILIT>ILY OR O!RWISE1 ACROSS ! 5TIRE PLANET4 ,9 ! CURR5T CRISIS1 ! UNQUE/IONABLE DOGMA IS ?AT ! POLICE HAVE A RI<T TO EXI/1 ?AT ! POLICE AS AN 9/ITUTION >E AN APT 9/RUM5T TO PROTECT US & S]VE US1 & !RE=E !Y >E A LEGITIMATE PRES5CE ON \R /REETS & 9 \R NEI<BORHOODS4 

,9 ?IS DEBATE1 ! ,RI<T CLAIM ?AT ! POLICE >E WORK+ JU/ F9E1 :ILE ! ,LEFT CLAIM ?AT *ANGES >E NE$$ TO GET !M WORK+ BETT]4 ,BO? ( !M >E UNIT$ 9 PRES]V+ ! ROLE ( POLICE & KEEP+ REAL PEOPLE--NEI<BORHOODS1 COMMUNITIES1 & ALL ! 9DIVIDUALS AFFECT$ BY POLICE--FROM BECOM+ ! PROTAGONI/S 9 ! CONFLICTS ?AT AFFECT US4 ,SIMIL>LY1 WE FREQU5TLY HE> LEFTI/S CLAIM ?AT 0! PRISONS >5'T WORK+10 EXHIBIT+ A WILLFUL IGNORANCE AS TO ! ACTUAL PURPOSE ( PRISONS4 ,SADLY1 = ALL !IR DI/ORTIONS & MANIPULATIONS1 ! ,RI<T IS BE+ MORE HONE/4 ,! POLICE & ! PRISONS BO? >E WORK+ JU/ F9E4 ,AS P] !IR DESIGN1 !Y >E WORK+ AGA9/ US4 

,ON ! ,LEFT1 WE F9D A TRAGIC MIXTURE ( ! UNCONSCIONABLY CYNICAL ) ! HOPELESSLY NAIVE4 ,NO S]I\S P]SON CAN CLAIM ?AT ANY ( !IR PROPOS$ RE=MS WILL MAKE A REAL DIFF]5CE2 & 9 FACT MO/ HAVE ALREADY BE5 TRI$4 ,RACIAL S5SITIVITY TRA9+ ONLY MAKES ! COPS BETT] AT HID+ !IR RACISM4 ,IT C]TA9LY DOESN'T T\* ! UND]LY+ HI]>*IES ?AT POLICE S]VE TO PROTECT4 ,CIVILIAN OV]SI<T1 AT ! V]Y BE/1 CAN LEAD TO A FEW 0BAD APPLES0 BE+ =C$ TO RESIGN1 & !Y HAVE R>ELY EV5 REA*$ ?AT LEVEL ( POT5CY4 ,NO MATT]2 BUREAUCRACIES HAVE ALWAYS KN[ H[ TO MAKE 9DIVIDUAL P]SONNEL EXP5DABLE SO AS TO PROTECT ! GREAT] P[] /RUCTURE1 & NO GOV]NM5T 9 ! WORLD HAS GIV5 OV]SI<T BO>DS MORE P[] ?AN ! 9/ITUTIONS !Y >E SUPPOS$ TO MONITOR1 NOT :5 ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS >E VITAL TO ! SMOO? FUNCTION+ ( AU?ORITY4 

,AS = CAM]AS1 !Y W\LD ONLY 9CREASE ! P[] ( POLICE BY AUGM5T+ ! 9TRUSION ( GOV]NM5T SURVEILLANCE 9TO \R LIVES4 ,! MURD]S ( ,]IC ,G>N] & ,OSC> ,GRANT W]E CAU<T ON TAPE1 & NO?+ *ANG$4 ,! FACT ( ! MATT] IS1 ! VA/ MAJORITY ( MURD]S C>RI$ \T BY COPS >E P]FECTLY LEGAL4 ,H[ CAN ?IS COME AS A SURPRISE8 ,! SAME PEOPLE :O B5EFIT FROM POLICE VIOL5CE >E ! ONES WRIT+ ! LAWS OR GETT+ ! LAWMAK]S ELECT$4 ,! ONLY REAL VICTIM ( COP-CAM]AS W\LD BE PEOPLE :O *OOSE TO DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ COPS1 AN ACTION ?AT1 NO MATT] H[ JU/IFI$1 IS NEV] LEGAL4 ,IF ! COPS WORE CAM]AS1 ANYONE :O RAIS$ !IR H& AGA9/ !M W\LD BE CAU<T ON TAPE4 ,BUT ! RE=M]S >5'T ?9K+ AB\T SELF-DEF5SE1 >E !Y8 

,& ?IS IS ! CRUX ( ! ISSUE4 ,! QUE/ION ( SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ ! POLICE IS ONE ?AT WE >E NOT ALL[$ TO CONSID]1 YET IT IS ! ONLY ONE ?AT MAKES S5SE4 ,! POLICE DO NOT EXI/ TO PROTECT SOCIETY FROM G5]ALIZ$ CANNIBALISM & MAYHEM1 AS 9 SOME P>ANOID ,BATMAN FANTASY4 ,!Y EXI/ TO PROTECT ! HAVES FROM ! HAVE-NOTS1 TO MA9TA9 ! ,/ATE'S MONOPOLY ON VIOL5CE1 & TO MAKE UP = \R ATROPHI$ CAPACITY = CONFLICT RESOLUTION1 ANO!R ( ! MANY PR]OGATIVES ! ,/ATE HAS /OL5 FROM US 7:E!R IT'S A LACK ( ! ABILITY TO KNOCK ON \R NEI<BOR'S DOOR :5 !Y PLAY !IR MUSIC TOO L\D OR TO DRAW ON A WID] NETWORK ( FAMILY & COMMUNITY TIES TO DEAL ) AN ABUSIVE RELATION%IP74 

,WE CAN IGNORE ! ANTAGONI/IC RELATION%IP ?AT ! POLICE HAVE ) ANYONE :O IS NOT TRY+ OR NOT ABLE TO MAKE IT TO ! HI<E/ TI]S ( SOCIETY1 BUT :AT WE CANNOT DO IS RE=M ?AT RELATION%IP AWAY4 ,?IS IS :Y IT IS NECESS>Y TO TALK AB\T SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ ! POLICE4 

,BUT WE >E NOT DEAL+ ) A OP5 DEBATE BETWE5 TWO EQUAL POSITIONS1 RE=M OR FI<T BACK4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 ?IS IS BECAUSE ! RE=M]S CONSI/5TLY JO9 9 ) ALL ! DOM9ANT 9/ITUTIONS1 9CLUD+ ! BLOODY-H&$ COPS !Y CLAIM TO OPPOSE1 TO SIL5CE1 M>G9ALIZE1 CRIM9ALIZE1 OR DEMONIZE ANYONE :O *OOSES TO FI<T BACK AGA9/ ! POLICE4 ,!Y DO NOT 5GAGE 9 DEBATE BECAUSE !Y C\LD ONLY LOSE2 9/EAD !Y MAKE USE ( ALL ! LIES1 DI/ORTIONS1 & ! G5]ALIZ$ AMNESIA P]PETUAT$ BY ! M$IA SPECIFICALLY TO AVOID A DEBATE4 

,SECONDLY1 ! RE=M]S >E P>ASITES4 ,!Y W\LD NOT EXI/ )\T ?OSE :O FI<T BACK4 ,NO ONE \TSIDE !IR RESPECTIVE COMMUNITIES W\LD EV] HAVE HE>D AB\T ,OSC> ,GRANT OR ,MI*AEL ,BR[N W]E IT NOT = ! RIOT]S4 ,! REC5T NATIONWIDE PROTE/S W]E ONLY POSSIBLE BECAUSE FOLKS 9 ,F]GUSON W]E SETT+ FIRES1 LOOT+1 ?R[+ ROCKS & MOLOTOVS1 & %OOT+ AT COPS = T5 DAYS 9 ,AUGU/4 

,IF ! RE=M]S W]E S9C]E1 !Y W\LD ?ANK ?OSE :O TOOK TO ! /REETS = BR++ ! PROBLEM TO ! C\NTRY'S ATT5TION1 !N RESPECTFULLY DIFF] ON ! *OS5 TACTICS & GOALS1 LAY+ \T A HI/ORICAL CASE = :Y PEACEFUL TACTICS & RE=MI/ GOALS >E BETT] SUIT$ = A*IEV+ A REAL *ANGE4 ,BUT ?IS C\LDN'T BE FUR!R FROM !IR ACTUAL ,M4,O4 ,FROM P>ASITIC CELEBRITIES LIKE ,JESSE ,JACKSON TO AN ALPHABET S\P ( ,N,G,OS1 ! LEFTI/S FLY 91 PUT !MSELVES AT ! HEAD ( SOME?+ !Y DID NOT />T1 & WORK H& 9 H& ) ! POLICE TO TRY & CALM ?+S D[N4 ,!SE PR(ESSIONAL ACTIVI/S DON'T HAVE A PROGRAM ( !IR [N2 !Y >E JU/ PR(ESSIONAL FIRE EXT+UI%]S4 ,& 9 ! CASE ( ,F]GUSON1 !Y >E ! GOV]NM5T'S MO/ VALUABLE TOOL4 ,BECAUSE IT WASN'T ! POLICE OR EV5 ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D :O SUCCE$$ 9 PUTT+ AN 5D TO ! RIOT+1 BUT !SE PR(ESSIONAL ACTIVI/S4 

,!IR CYNICISM GOES BEYOND ! P>ASITICAL1 BACK/ABB+ RELATION%IP !Y HAVE ) ?OSE :O ACTUALLY RISK !MSELVES FI<T+ TO EJECT POLICE FROM !IR NEI<BORHOODS1 & BEYOND !IR RACI/ PORTRAYAL ( LOCAL PEOPLE ( COLOR :O >E AT ! FRONTL9ES ( ! FI<T AS EI!R 0?UGS0 OR ! UNWITT+ PAWNS ( \TSIDE AGITATORS4 ,!Y WILL EV5 GO SO F> AS TO USE ! FAMILIES ( ?OSE MURD]$ BY POLICE2 9 FACT AT ?IS PO9T IT SEEMS TO BE P>T ( !IR PLAYBOOK4 

,IF ! FAMILY CALLS = PEACEFUL PROTE/1 AS DID ! FAMILIES ( ,JOHN ,T4 ,WILLIAMS OR ,MI*AEL ,BR[N1 !Y LAY IT D[N LIKE ! LAW1 & M>G9ALIZE ANYONE :O TRIES TO RESPOND 9 A MORE COMBATIVE MANN]1 MALIGN+ !M AS BE+ DISRESPECTFUL TO ! VICTIM1 HE>TLESS AGITATORS :O >E TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( TRAG$Y 9 ORD] TO S[ *AOS4 ,YET FAMILIES >E NOT ! ONLY ONES ) A RI<T TO RESPOND TO POLICE MURD]S4 ,H[ MANY ( US W\LD WANT \R P>5TS TO WRITE \R EPITAPH8 ,H[ MANY ( US W\LD TRU/ \R FRI5DS MORE ?AN \R FAMILIES TO KN[ :AT WE W\LD HAVE WANT$1 IF WE W]E KILL$8 ,?\< FRI5D%IP IS NOT A RELATION%IP RECOGNIZ$ BY LAW1 ! FRI5DS ( A VICTIM HAVE ALSO BE5 DIRECTLY AFFECT$1 & !Y %\LD HAVE A SAY 9 :AT'S ! APPROPRIATE RESPONSE4 ,9 FACT1 FRI5DS & PE]S HAVE PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 MANY ( ! ANTI-POLICE RIOTS 9 ! LA/ FEW YE>S1 ?\< !IR P>TICIPATION HAS BE5 L>GELY HIDD5 BY ! M$IA & ! PACIFI/S ALIKE4 

,IT DOESN'T 5D !RE4 ,NEI<BORS & WITNESSES >E ALSO TRAUMATIZ$ BY A POLICE MURD]2 !Y ALSO HAVE AN UND5IABLE NE$ TO RESPOND TO \TRAGE & REASS]T CONTROL OV] !IR 5VIRONM5T1 A CONTROL ?AT WALK+ 9 A PEACEFUL PROTE/ FLANK$ BY COPS CANNOT GIVE4 ,& IF WE >E NOT DEAL+ ) AN ISOLAT$ MURD] BUT A SY/EMATIC PROBLEM1 AS IS ! CASE ) POLICE KILL+S1 !N EV]YONE IS AFFECT$ & EV]YONE HAS A NE$ TO RESPOND4 

,IT %\LDN'T BE NECESS>Y TO PO9T \T ?AT ?IS AFFECTS ALL ( US4 ,BUT ! PACIFY+1 P>ALYZ+ DISC\RSE ( ! RE=M]S SPECIFICALLY BREAKS D[N SOLID>ITY4 ,9/EAD ( 5C\RAG+ US ALL TO FEEL H>M DONE TO ANO!R AS H>M DONE TO \RSELVES1 WE >E ALL SUPPOS$ TO TAKE A BACKSEAT TO 0:AT ! FAMILY WANTS40 ,! LEVEL ( HYPOCRISY IS 9FURIAT+ :5 Y\ REALIZE ?AT ! PEACE-PREA*+ PR(ESSIONAL ACTIVI/S DON'T GIVE A %IT = ! FAMILY ( ,MI*AEL ,BR[N OR ANYONE ELSE MURD]$ BY ! COPS4 ,FAMILY MEMB]S >E JU/ PAWNS 9 !IR AG5DAS4 

,:5 ,DURHAM TE5AG]1 ,JESUS 0,*UY0 ,HU]TA WAS %OT TO DEA? 9 ! BACK ( A POLICE C> ONE YE> AGO1 HIS FAMILY REBUFF$ ! POLICE DEP>TM5T'S HOLL[ GE/URES ( RECONCILIATION1 & !Y DID NOT D5\NCE ! PEOPLE :O F\<T ) COPS 9 ANG] OV] ! KILL+4 ,IT'S NOT A CO9CID5CE ?AT LOCAL LEFTI/S W]E SUDD5LY SIL5T AB\T :AT ! FAMILY WANT$4 ,& AFT] ! NON-9DICTM5T1 :5 ,MI*AEL ,BR[N'S /EPFA!R ,L\IS ,HEAD URG$ A CR[D TO 0BURN ?IS MO!RFUCK] D[N601 H[ MANY RE=M]S DECID$ TO ACTUALLY FOLL[ HIS LEAD8 ,9/EAD1 !Y HAVE ALL SCRAMBL$ OV] !MSELVES TO PROVE HE DID NOT MEAN IT1 BROADCA/+ AN APOLOGY HE ISSU$ AB\T A WEEK LAT]1 A RECONCILIATION ?AT MI<T HAVE BE5 AID$ BY ! FACT ?AT ,HEAD WAS FAC+ A CRIM9AL 9VE/IGATION & HAD ALREADY BE5 DEMONIZ$ 9 ! M$IA = A REACTION ?AT1 9 ,F]GUSON AT LEA/1 WAS COMMON S5SE = ?\S&S ( PEOPLE4 

,?IS IS A F9E EXAMPLE ( OP9IONS WE >E NOT ALL[$ TO HOLD1 & H[ ! LEGAL SY/EM1 ! M$IA1 & ! ,LEFT ALL WORK TOGE!R TO PUNI% & ]ASE SU* OP9IONS4 ,IT WAS A TRIUMPH = ?IS TRIUMVIRATE ( SOCIAL CONTROL ?AT MO/ ( ! PROTE/S >\ND ! C\NTRY W]E TAME1 LEGAL AFFAIRS ?AT SUCCESSFULLY QU5*$ PEOPLE'S ANG]1 BUT FIRES1 RIOTS1 & HI<WAY BLOCKADES FROM ,OAKL& TO ,BO/ON 9DICATE ?AT ?AT CONTROL IS F9ALLY />T+ TO SLIP4 ,= IT TO FULLY FALL AWAY1 WE NE$ TO UND]/& ! TRUE ROLE ( ! LEGAL SY/EM & ! M$IA1 & REALIZE ! FULL HYPOCRISY ( ! ,LEFT4 

,IT IS AN AL>M+ BUT HI/ORICAL MOM5T :5 ! ,RI<T SPEAKS MORE TRU?FULLY ?AN ! ,LEFT4 ,:ILE ! RE=M]S W]E TALK+ AB\T BAD APPLES & S5SITIVITY TRA9+1 COPS 9 ,MISS\RI HIT ! NAIL ON ! HEAD :5 !Y BEGAN DI/RIBUT+ & WE>+ BRACELETS ?AT SAID1 0,WE ,>E ,ALL ,D>R5 ,WILSON40 

,EV5 LEFTI/S :O DID NOT OP5LY CONDEMN ! RIOT+ FELL 9TO A TRI$ & TRUE HOLD+ PATT]N4 ,! ONLY WAY !Y C\LD MAKE ! RIOT+ PALATABLE WAS TO TALK AB\T POLICE BRUTALITY AGA9/ PROTE/]S4 ,9 FACT1 = MU* ( ! RIOTS1 POLICE 9 ,F]GUSON W]E REM>KABLY RE/RA9$4 ,IT BECAME COMMONPLACE = PROTE/]S TO %OOT AT POLICE ) H&GUNS1 & 9 ,NOVEMB]1 ASSAULT RIFLES EV5 MADE AN APPE>ANCE1 YET ! COPS DID NOT %OOT BACK4 

,?IS IS AN IMPORTANT /EP =W>D4 ,9 ! FACE ( A POLICE 9/ITUTION ?AT HAS C>TE BLAN*E TO KILL1 PEOPLE >E BEG9N+ TO VALUE !IR [N LIVES OV] ! LAWS ( ! ELITE4 ,YET = ! RE=M]S :O CANNOT CONCEIVE ( FULLY OPPOS+ ANY ( ! EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS1 ?IS N>RATIVE MAKES NO S5SE4 ,NORMAL PEOPLE CAN ONLY BE VICTIMS1 NEV] PROTAGONI/S4 ,& CRITICIZ+ ! POLICE MEANS NOT TALK+ AB\T ?OSE MOM5TS :5 COPS >E ACTUALLY SC>$ = !IR LIVES & DO NOT ACT ) TOTAL IMPUNITY4 ,! LACK ( /RATEGIC ?9K+ IS />TL+4 

,AS F> AS GOV]NM5TS GO1 ! ,U,S IS 9FAM\S = BE+ P>TICUL>LY HEAVY H&$ & UNRE/RA9$ 9 OBLIT]AT+ RESI/ANCE4 ,IT MILIT>IZES ITS COPS1 IT METES \T S5T5CES F> LONG] ?AN :AT W\LD BE CONSID]$ JU/ 9 MO/ O!R C\NTRIES1 & IT DOES NOT DEIGN TO 5GAGE 9 ! BALANCES ( COMPROMISE & SOCIAL PEACE LIKE ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACIES DO4 ,TO SURPASS ! BRUTALITY ) :I* ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T LIQUIDAT$ ! BLACK & ,NATIVE LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS 9 ! '#fS & '#gS1 Y\'D HAVE TO LOOK TO ,IRAN OR ,*9A4 ,YET N[1 9 ,F]GUSON1 & 9 MANY O!R CITIES ?IS PA/ ,NOVEMB]1 ! COPS & !IR MA/]S W]E SC>$ 5\< ?AT :5 PEOPLE BEGAN RIOT+1 LOOT+1 TAK+ GUNS TO PROTE/S1 & %UTT+ D[N HI<WAYS1 ! AU?ORITIES DID NOT RESPOND ) A POLICE RIOT OR A MILIT>Y CLAMPD[N4 ,TO A GREAT EXT5T1 !IR H&S W]E TI$4 

,:Y8 ,:AT W]E !Y AFRAID (8 

,IT C]TA9LY WASN'T A PEACEFUL PROTE/ OR A LITTLE BAD M$IA COV]AGE4 

,ANSW]+ ?IS QUE/ION MORE FULLY1 & PUTT+ ! ANSW]S 9TO PRACTICE1 IS ! SECOND /EP T[>DS 5D+ POLICE VIOL5CE ONCE & = ALL4 

,DECEMB] #i1 #bad 

,:AT'S ,WORK$ 9 ! ,PA/ 

,! ANN\NCEM5T ( ! NON-9DICTM5T ( ,D>R5 ,WILSON CAU<T ME ON ! ROAD1 TRAVEL+ TO VISIT FAMILY = ! ,?ANKSGIV+ HOLIDAY4 ,! NEXT DAY ,I F\ND MYSELF 9 A PROTE/1 ONE ( OV] A HUNDR$ OCCURR+ ACROSS ! C\NTRY4 ,!RE ,I WITNESS$ A SC5E ?AT HAS PLAY$ \T MANY TIMES BE=E1 & WAS PROBABLY BE+ REPEAT$ AT ?AT EXACT MOM5T 9 O!R CITIES4 

,A FEW PROTE/]S HAD JU/ V&ALIZ$ A YUPPIE RE/AURANT ON A /RIP T>GET$ = HEAVY G5TRIFICATION 9 ?AT P>TICUL> CITY4 ,! W9D[S W]E SPRAYPA9T$ ) A SLOGAN RELAT$ TO ! MURD] ( ,MI*AEL ,BR[N1 & ! RE/AURANT'S S&WI* BO>D WAS /OL5 & PULL$ 9TO ! /REETS4 

0,:AT >E Y\ DO+80 A Y\NG :ITE P]SON COMPLA9$1 LOOK+ ON ) A COMB9ATION ( %OCK & DISGU/4 0,WE'RE H]E TO PROTE/ = ,MI*AEL ,BR[N60 

,ONE ( ! (F5D]S1 ID5TITY OBSCUR$ BY A BLACK MASK1 LOOK$ OV] AT !IR 9T]LOCUTOR & LAU<$ S>DONICALLY1 0,OH YEAH1 G5TRIFICATION & POLICE VIOL5CE HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) EA* O!R60 

0,WE HAVE TO DO ?IS PEACEFULLY60 ! O!R M>*] P]SI/$4 

0,:5 HAS ?AT EV] WORK$80 ! BLACK CLAD AN>*I/ SC(F$4 

0,UM1 HELLO8 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+60 ,%E ROLL$ H] EYES AS ?\< %E W]E /AT+ ! MO/ OBVI\S1 SELF-EVID5T FACT 9 ! WORLD4 

0,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ HAD >M$ BODYGU>DS AT HIS EV5TS1 LE>N HI/ORY60 ! W\LD-BE RIOT] %OT BACK4 

,! CR[D WAS RACIALLY DIV]SE4 ,I WASN'T C\NT+1 & ! MAKEUP ( ! PROTE/ WAS CON/ANTLY %IFT+1 BUT AT TIMES A MAJORITY W]E PEOPLE ( COLOR4 ,YET ! ?REE TIMES ?AT ,I SAW PEOPLE OBJECT TO 0VIOL5CE0 7! USE ( FIREWORKS1 ! V&ALIZ+ ( ! RE/AURANT1 & ! DRAGG+ ( A REFLECTIVE B>RI] 9TO ! ROAD AS ! M>* TOOK TO A HI<WAY1 RA!R A SAFETY ORI5T$ ACTION IF Y\ ASK ME1 GIV5 ?AT IT WAS D>K & ! PROTE/]S NE$$ TO W>N (F ! ONCOM+ TRAFFIC71 ! PEACE POLICE W]E :ITE4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! PEOPLE :O C\LD BE SE5 %OOT+ FIREWORKS AT COPS1 DRAGG+ OB/ACLES 9TO ! /REETS1 9SULT+ ! COPS1 & YELL+ ?+S LIKE 0BURN IT ALL D[N10 OR APPLAUD+ ANY ( !SE ACTIONS1 W]E BLACK1 LAT9O1 & :ITE4 

,:ILE ,I DID NOT SEE ANY :ITE PEOPLE LECTURE ANY PEOPLE ( COLOR ?AT !Y %\LD BE PEACEFUL BECAUSE 0,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+10 IT IS SOME?+ ,I HAVE SE5 HAPP5 ELSE:]E1 & IT IS A MESSAGE ?AT CON/ANTLY GETS RE9=C$ SUBTEXTUALLY4 

,!RE IS A V]Y REAL DEBATE TO BE HAD AB\T TACTICS & /RATEGIES :5 WE TAKE TO ! /REETS 9 RESPONSE TO POLICE KILL+S4 ,AS ,I >GU$ 9 ,P>T ,I ( ?IS ESSAY1 ?AT DEBATE IS L>GELY %UT D[N BY ?OSE :O SEEK TO REG5]ATE ! POLICE BY RE=M+1 RA!R ?AN TALK+ AB\T ABOLI%+ ! POLICE2 SU* RE=M]S HAVE ! HABIT ( VITUP]ATIVELY ATTACK+ O!RS :O RAISE ?AT QUE/ION4 

,IT WAS DEALT ) MORE HONE/LY 9 ! /REETS ( ,F]GUSON1 ?\<4 ,ACCORD+ TO ONE P>TICIPANT'S ACC\NT3 

0ANYTIME ,I HE>D SOMEONE SAY WE %\LDN'T ?R[ ?+S AT ! POLICE 7NOT BECAUSE IT WAS WRONG1 BUT \T ( FE> !Y'D %OOT US7 ,I WAS ABLE TO HAVE GOOD CONV]SATIONS--SAY+ IT'S A WAY WE TAKE P[] FROM !M & GIVE IT TO \RSELVES4 ,EV5 :5 PEOPLE W]E SUP] UPSET1 BY ! 5D ( ! CONV]SATION EV5 IF WE /ILL DIDN'T AGREE IT WAS CLE> WE RESPECT$ EA* O!R40 

,:]EV] ORD] REIGNS1 H[EV]1 ! NON-DEBATE PLAYS \T AS ,I HAVE DESCRIB$ ABOVE4 ,!RE IS A WIDELY HELD BELIEF1 AMONG :ITE PEOPLE ANYWAYS1 ?AT HI/ORY HAS ALREADY SPOK51 & ?AT ! ONLY EFFECTIVE & E?ICAL RESPONSE TO SY/EMIC 9JU/ICE1 & ESPECIALLY RACISM1 IS MEEK NONVIOL5CE1 BECAUSE1 WELL1 Y\ KN[1 0,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+40 

,BEYOND ?IS DISCURSIVE *OKEHOLD LIES A V]Y COMPLEX HI/ORY ?AT HAS BE51 9 L>GE P>T1 FALSIFI$1 & A PROBLEMATIC RELATION%IP BETWE5 :ITE PEOPLE & PEOPLE ( COLOR ?AT SEEMS TO BE REPEAT+ ITSELF1 REVEAL+ TRAGIC P>ALLELS BETWE5 :ITE PEOPLE'S 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS /RUGGLE & :ITE PEOPLE'S 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! UNFOLD+ MOVEM5T AGA9/ POLICE VIOL5CE TODAY1 EV5 AS MANY ( ?OSE SAME :ITE PEOPLE CITE A DI/ORT$ V]SION ( ! E>LI] /RUGGLE'S HI/ORY1 /RIPP$ D[N TO EXCLUDE ALL ! FAIL+S & ALL ! LESSONS ?AT MI<T BE LE>N$4 

,I C\LD />T BY PO9T+ \T H[ ! =M ( NONVIOL5CE ?AT IS P$AL$ BY ! MO/LY :ITE PROGRESSIVE ,LEFT TODAY IS A PA!TICALLY WAT]$-D[N1 SUP]FICIAL1 MEEK COM=T-ZONE POLITICS COMP>$ TO :AT WAS BE+ US$ DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T1 BUT ,I WILL LEAVE ?AT TO ! PACIFI/S4 ,IT'S NOT MY RESPONSIBILITY TO GET NONVIOL5CE BACK 9TO FI<T+ %APE1 S9CE ,I DON'T BELIEVE 9 IT ANYWAYS1 GIV5 ?AT IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 COMPLICIT ) /ATE P[]1 IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 P>ASITICAL & AU?ORIT>IAN T[>DS O!R CURR5TS 9 ! SOCIAL MOVEM5TS IT JO9S1 & IT HAS ALWAYS T5D$ TO WAT] ITSELF D[N OV] TIME4 

,9/EAD ,I WILL />T ) ! >GUM5T MADE BY ! PROTE/] 9 BLACK1 ?AT 0,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ HAD >M$ BODYGU>DS AT HIS EV5TS40 ,SU* A COMM5T WILL BE P]PLEX+ TO MO/ :ITE PEOPLE1 BUT 9 FACT IT IS HI/ORICALLY ACCURATE4 ,CO9CID5TALLY1 IT HAS ONLY BE5 9 ! PA/ YE> ?AT A C]TA9 FACT HAS BE5 RESCU$ FROM ! MEMORY HOLE3 ?AT ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T WAS AN >M$ MOVEM5T & ?AT NONVIOL5CE WAS A M9ORIT>IAN EXCEPTION--SOME MI<T SAY AB]RATION--)9 ?AT MOVEM5T1 AS WELL AS 9 ! L9EAGE ( MOVEM5TS AGA9/ SLAV]Y & :ITE SUPREMACY GO+ BACK C5TURIES4 ,PREVI\SLY1 ONLY RADICAL HI/ORIANS1 EX-,PAN!RS1 AN>*I/S1 & FOLL[]S ( ,C4,L4,R4 ,JAMES DEALT ) ?OSE =GOTT5 EPISODES ( HI/ORY1 BUT REC5TLY ! MEMO HAS EV5 GOTT5 TO ,N,P,R ) ! PUBLICATION ( BOOKS LIKE ,?IS ,NONVIOL5CE ,/UFF'LL ,GET ,Y\ ,KILL$3 ,H[ ,GUNS ,MADE ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS ,MOVEM5T ,POSSIBLE1 BY ,*>LES ,E4 ,COBB1 ,JR4 OR ! =?COM+ ,DIXIE ,BE ,DAMN$3 #c ,YE>S ( ,9SURRECTION 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,S\?4 

,9 A SUMM>Y ( ! =M]1 WE CAN READ3 0,VISIT+ ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+ ,JR4 AT ! PEAK ( ! ,MONTGOM]Y1 ,ALABAMA BUS BOYCOTT1 J\RNALI/ ,WILLIAM ,WOR?Y ALMO/ SAT ON A LOAD$ PI/OL4 0,JU/ = SELF DEF5SE10 ,K+ ASSUR$ HIM4 ,IT WAS NOT ! ONLY WEAPON ,K+ KEPT = SU* A PURPOSE2 ONE ( HIS ADVIS]S REMEMB]$ ! REV]5D'S ,MONTGOM]Y1 ,ALABAMA HOME AS 0AN >S5AL40 0 

,= A LONG TIME !SE HAVE BE5 =BIDD5 HI/ORIES1 & ,I BELIEVE !Y W]E 9T5TIONALLY SIL5C$1 & L>GELY BY :ITE PEOPLE4 ,NOT ONLY ?OSE WORK+ = ! SAME P[] /RUCTURES ?AT HAVE BE5 TRY+ TO DIS>M PEOPLE ( COLOR = C5TURIES1 BUT ALSO ?OSE :O HOLD P[] 9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 :O S9CE ! REPRESSION & ! DEFEATS ( ! '#fS HAVE PREF]R$ A PROGRESSIVELY MORE COM=TABLE VISION ( 0*ANGE04 ,IT IS UN=TUNATE = ! AU?ORITIES ?AT !SE =BIDD5 HI/ORIES >E BE+ RESUSCITAT$ N[1 JU/ 9 TIME = A PO/-,F]GUSON SOCIETY1 BUT WE /ILL FACE AN UPHILL BATTLE TO RETURN ?IS HI/ORICAL MEMORY TO ! COLLECTIVE CONSCI\SNESS4 7,MO/ PROTE/]S 9 ! /REETS1 = EXAMPLE1 >E /ILL UNAW>E74 ,& ONE ( ! *IEF OB/ACLES--P]HAPS EXECUTION] W\LD BE A MORE ACCURATE T]M1 S9CE !Y H>DLY PLAY A PASSIVE ROLE--TO ! DISSEM9ATION ( ?IS KN[L$GE >E ! SAME PROGRESSIVE :ITES :O >E ALWAYS READY TO :IP \T A PI?Y 0,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+60 FA/] ?AN A COP CAN DRAW HIS H&GUN4 

,SO F>1 ! HI/ORIES ?AT HAVE HIT ! MA9/REAM /ILL MA9TA9 ! MY? ( ! DOM9ANT *>ACT] ( NONVIOL5CE 9 ! MOVEM5TS ( YE/]YE>4 ,9 ,COBB'S BOOK1 VALUABLE AS IT IS1 >M$ SELF-DEF5SE IS /ILL AUXILI>Y TO A MOVEM5T ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE4 ,& :ILE PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE %\LD KN[ ?AT CIVIL DISOB$I5CE HAS NEV] WORK$ AGA9/ A MURD]\S 5EMY--LIKE ! ,KLAN OR ! COPS--)\T MAK+ REC\RSE TO >M$ SELF-DEF5SE OR FALL+ 9TO A SYMBIOTIC RELATION%IP ) A COMBATIVE W+ ( ! SAME MOVEM5T1 ?AT IS ULTIMATELY !IR PROBLEM4 ,I W\LD NOT BE WORRI$ AB\T NONVIOL5CE HAV+ FALL5 TO SU* AN ABSURD LEVEL ( PAT5T 9EFFECTIV5ESS IF !Y DIDN'T TRY TO EXT+UI% ! /RUGGLES ( PEOPLE :O ACTUALLY BELIEVE 9 FI<T+ BACK AGA9/ OPPRESSION1 RA!R ?AN NEGOTIAT+ ) IT4 ,OR /AG+ RITUALI/IC DIE-9S 9 FRONT ( IT1 OR BETT] YET1 WORK+ = IT 7SEE ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ,G5E ,%>P'S PROTEGE ,OTPOR & GLOBAL 9TELLIG5CE COMPANY ,/RAT=74 

,!RE WAS AN UND]LY+ T5SION ?R\<\T ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T BETWE5 NONVIOL5CE 7ALBEIT AN >M$ NONVIOL5CE7 & PA?S ( /RUGGLE ?AT =EGR\ND$ SELF-DEF5SE & DID NOT SEEK COMPROMISE ) ! EXI/+ P[] /RUCTURES4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! NONVIOL5T PRACTICE ?AT EM]G$ 9 ! MOVEM5T AT ! 5D ( ! #eS & E>LY #fS WAS L>GELY IMPOS$ BY ! ,S,C,L,C1 ! ,S,N,C,C 79 ITS FIR/ 9C>NATION71 & ! :ITE ,NEW ,5GL& LIB]ALS :O PROVID$ MO/ ( !IR FUND+4 

,BEYOND ! ,DEACONS ( ,DEF5SE1 :O ORGANIZ$ >M$ PROTECTION TO MANY DESEGREGATION CAMPAIGNS ?R\<\T ! ,S\? 9 ! #a#i#fS1 !RE IS ! EXAMPLE ( ,ROB]T ,F4 ,WILLIAMS1 PRESID5T ( ! ,MONROE1 ,NOR? ,C>OL9A1 *APT] ( ! ,N,A,A,C,P1 ONE ( ! FEW *APT]S ( ! NATIONAL ORGANIZATION ?AT WAS PR$OM9ANTLY WORK+ CLASS4 ,HAV+ F\<T 9 ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 ,WILLIAMS L$ HIS LOCAL *APT] 9 ADVOCAT+ >M$ SELF-DEF5SE AFT] A NONVIOL5T CAMPAIGN = LOCAL DESEGREGATION FAIL$4 ,9 HIS BOOK1 ,NEGROES ,) ,GUNS1 HE DESCRIBES ONE OCCASION :5 HE HAD TO PROTECT HIMSELF FROM A LYN* MOB4 

,AS ! MOB IS %\T+ = GASOL9E TO BE P\R$ ON ,WILLIAMS & HIS FRI5DS1 & BEG9S TO ?R[ /ONES1 ,WILLIAMS /EPS \T ( ! C> ) AN ,ITALIAN C>B9E 9 H&4 

0,ALL ?IS TIME ?REE POLICEM5 HAD BE5 /&+ AB\T FIFTY FEET AWAY FROM US :ILE WE KEPT WAIT+ 9 ! C> = !M TO COME & RESCUE US4 ,!N :5 !Y SAW ?AT WE W]E >M$ & ! MOB C\LDN'T TAKE US1 TWO ( ! POLICEM5 />T$ RUNN+4 ,ONE RAN /RAI<T TO ME1 GRABB$ ME ON ! %\LD]1 & SAID1 ',SURR5D] Y\R WEAPON6 ,SURR5D] Y\R WEAPON6' ,I /RUCK HIM 9 ! FACE & KNOCK$ HIM BACK AWAY FROM ! C> & PUT MY C>B9E 9 HIS FACE1 & TOLD HIM ?AT WE DIDN'T 9T5D TO BE LYN*$4 ,! O!R POLICEMAN :O HAD RUN >\ND ! SIDE ( ! C> />T$ TO DRAW HIS REVOLV] \T ( ! HOL/]4 ,HE WAS HOP+ TO %OOT ME 9 ! BACK4 ,!Y DIDN'T KN[ ?AT WE HAD MORE ?AN ONE GUN4 ,ONE ( ! /UD5TS 7:O WAS SEV5TE5 YE>S OLD7 PUT A 4#d#e 9 ! POLICEMAN'S FACE & TOLD HIM ?AT IF HE PULL$ \T HIS PI/OL HE W\LD KILL HIM4 ,! POLICEMAN />T$ PUTT+ HIS GUN BACK 9 ! HOL/] & BACK+ AWAY FROM ! C>1 & HE FELL 9TO ! DIT*4 

0,!RE WAS A V]Y OLD MAN1 AN OLD :ITE MAN \T 9 ! CR[D1 & HE />T$ SCREAM+ & CRY+ LIKE A BABY1 & HE KEPT CRY+1 & HE SAID1 ',GOD DAMN1 ,GOD DAMN1 :AT IS ?IS ,GOD DAMN C\NTRY COM+ TO ?AT ! N"9"9"9S HAVE GOT GUNS1 ! N"9"9"9S >E >M$ & ! POLICE CAN'T EV5 >RE/ !M6' ,HE KEPT CRY+ & SOMEBODY L$ HIM AWAY ?R\< ! CR[D40 

,:5 ,WILLIAMS WAS EXPELL$ FROM ! ,N,A,A,C,P = HIS MILITANT VIEWS1 ! LOCAL *APT] SIMPLY ELECT$ ,MABEL ,WILLIAMS AS !IR NEW PRESID5T1 & CONT9U$ !IR PRACTICE ( >M$ SELF-DEF5SE4 ,HI<LI<T+ ! IMPORTANCE ( ECONOMIC 9JU/ICE1 BO? ,WILLIAMS DEVELOP$ A SOCIALI/ POLITICS & LIV$ 9 EXILE 9 ,CUBA AFT] FLEE+ ! C\NTRY TO EVADE TRUMP$ UP KIDNAPP+ *>GES4 

,! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY1 :I* WAS DEMONIZ$ 9 ! M$IA AT ! TIME ( ITS EXI/5CE1 IS OBVI\SLY WELL KN[N1 = IT PLAYS A DIFF]5T FUNCTION )9 ! PROCESS ( HI/ORICAL AMNESIA4 ,! ,B,P,P HAS BECOME A SYMBOL = ALL =MS ( BLACK MILITANCY 9 ! '#fS1 EV5 ?\< !RE W]E HUNDR$S ( DIFF]5T /RA9S & CURR5TS ( REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T & PRACTICE 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,& :AT IS REMEMB]$ AB\T ! ,PAN!RS IS LITTLE MORE ?AN !IR /YLE4 ,!IR PROGRAM1 !IR SPLITS & CONFLICTS1 !IR RELATIONS ) O!R GR\PS & MOVEM5TS AT ! TIME1 !IR EV5TUAL EVOLUTION 9TO ! ,BLACK ,LIB]ATION ,>MY1 & ALL ! LESSONS ?AT CAN BE GLEAN$ FROM ?IS KN[L$GE1 HAS BE5 CONSIGN$ TO ! MEMORY HOLE4 ,!Y W]E M]ELY ! ONES ) ! AFROS1 ! B]ETS1 & ! RIFLES1 :O MET ) A TRAGIC 5D1 RECONFIRM+ ! PACIFI/ CONT5TION AB\T ! FUTILITY ( VIOL5CE4 

,! ,PAN!RS >E EI!R ROMANTICIZ$ OR VILIFI$4 ,TO ME1 !Y W]E AN AU?ORIT>IAN & MA*O ORGANIZATION 7?\< NO MORE AU?ORIT>IAN & MA*O ?AN ,K+'S ,S,C,L,C7 COMPOS$ ( MANY 9TELLIG5T1 BRAVE1 RADICAL 9DIVIDUALS TRY+ TO TAKE AN IMPORTANT /EP =W>D 9 ! /RUGGLE1 A*IEV+ SOME ACCOMPLI%M5TS & COMMITT+ SOME ]RORS4 

,MORE 9T]E/+ TO ME >E ! NAMELESS ONES1 ! PEOPLE :O DID NOT P>TICIPATE 9 ANY =MAL ORGANIZATION1 YET :O PLAY$ A CRITICAL ROLE 9 ! FEW GA9S ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T A*IEV$4 ,MORE DISP>AG$ EV5 ?AN ! ,B,P,P1 !SE 9DIVIDUALS HAVE BE5 CONSIGN$ BY ! DOM9ANT HI/ORIOGRAPHY TO ! MOB4 ,JU/ LIKE ! RIOT]S ( ,F]GUSON1 :OM WE ALL HAVE TO ?ANK = KEEP+ ,MI*AEL ,BR[N'S MEMORY ALIVE1 )\T :OM ?IS CONV]SATION W\LD NOT EV5 BE POSSIBLE1 ?OSE :O W]E ASSIGN$ MOB-/ATUS 9 :AT >E PORTRAY$ AS ! D>K] MOM5TS ( ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T >E PRES5T$ AS CRUEL1 UN?9K+1 SELF-DE/RUCTIVE1 & DEMONIC4 

,9 FACT1 ! MOB MEMB] IS NO?+ MORE & NO?+ LESS ?AN ! >*ETYPE = A P]SON ( COLOR1 9 ! :ITE SUPREMACI/ IMAG9ATION4 ,IT WAS ?IS SAME >*ETYPE ?AT WAS DRAWN ON TO CREATE ! CONCEPT ( RACE1 PRIM>ILY 9 ! ,VIRG9IA COLONY1 AS TRANSPLANT$ >I/OCRATS HAD TO DIVIDE & CONQU] AN UNRULY LABOR =CE ( EXIL$ ,IRI%1 KIDNAPP$ POOR FROM ! ,5GLI% CITIES1 ,AFRICANS /OL5 FROM !IR HOMES1 & 5SLAV$ ,NATIVES4 ,9 ! E>LY YE>S1 !SE 5SLAV$ UND]CLASSES (T5 RAN AWAY TOGE!R TO ! M\NTA9S OR ! SWAMPS1 & FROM TIME TO TIME !Y REBELL$ TOGE!R1 KILL+ !IR MA/]S & BREAK+ !IR *A9S4 ,IT IS ?IS IMAGE ?AT IS PRES]V$ 9 ! FIGURE ( ! MOB1 & ?IS ELITE FE> ?AT WE REPRODUCE :5 WE ALSO SPURN1 DISP>AGE1 OR AVOID SU* A =MATION4 

,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT MY 5EMY'S 5EMY IS MY FRI5D1 BUT ,I DO BELIEVE ?AT MY 5EMY'S NI<TM>E CAN S]VE AS A FIGURE ( HOPE OR BEAUTY4 ,COLONIAL SOCIETY'S OBSESSION ) LAW & ORD]1 ITS FE> ( ! D>K ,O!R1 :I* COALESCE 9 ITS ABSOLUTE CONDEMNATION ( ! MOB1 ILLUM9ATE ANO!R WAY =W>D4 

,9 ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T1 ! /ORY ( ,BIRM+HAM PROVIDES A P]FECT EXAMPLE ( ! 9TELLIG5CE & EFFECTIV5ESS ( ?IS ACEPHAL\S1 DEC5TRALIZ$ =MATION ( RESI/ANCE1 A TRUE HYDRA1 TO REF] TO ! WRIT+S ( EX-,PAN!R & PRISON] ,RUSSELL 0,M>OON0 ,%OATZ OR HI/ORIANS ,PET] ,L9EBAU< & ,M>CUS ,R$IK]4 

,MO/ PEOPLE ONLY KN[ HALF ! /ORY4 ,9 #a#i#f#c1 A CIVIL DISOB$I5CE CAMPAIGN 9 ,BIRM+HAM1 ,ALABAMA1 ! BA/ION ( SEGREGATION 9 ! ,S\?1 =C$ ! DESEGREGATION ( ! CITY & PAV$ ! WAY = ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS ,ACT1 :I* WAS ! MAJOR VICTORY ( ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T1 AS F> AS LEGISLATION IS CONC]N$4 

,:AT FEW] PEOPLE KN[ IS ?AT ! ,BIRM+HAM CAMPAIGN WAS A REPEAT ( ,S,C,L,C'S #aifa CAMPAIGN 9 ,ALBANY1 ,GEORGIA1 :I* TURN$ \T A COMPLETE FAILURE4 ,K+ WAS BANK+ ON BE+ ABLE TO FILL UP ! JAILS & /ILL HAVE RECRUITS WILL+ TO 5GAGE 9 CIVIL DISOB$I5CE1 %UTT+ ! SY/EM D[N1 BUT ! AU?ORITIES SIMPLY MADE !IR JAILS 0BOTTOMLESS0 BY %IPP+ DETA9EES ELSE:]E4 ,A C\PLE YE>S LAT]1 BLACK RESID5TS ( ,ALBANY RIOT$1 SUGGE/+ :AT !Y ?\<T AB\T !IR EXP]I5CE ) NONVIOL5CE 7!SE RIOTS >E NOT M5TION$ 9 MO/ *RONOLOGIES ( ! MOVEM5T74 

,9 ,BIRM+HAM1 ! #aifc CAMPAIGN WAS UNFOLD+ ! SAME WAY1 & ,K+ WAS RUNN+ \T ( RECRUITS WILL+ TO (F] !MSELVES UP = >RE/4 ,!N ! RIOTS />T$4 ,?\S&S ( LOCALS F\<T ) POLICE1 9JUR+ MANY ( !M1 BURN$ ! V]Y :ITE BUS9ESSES ?AT W]E REFUS+ TO DESEGREGATE1 & TOOK OV] A L>GE P>T ( D[NT[N1 HOLD+ IT = DAYS4 ,BY FI<T+ BACK DIRECTLY1 !Y 9/ANTLY MADE A DESEGREGAT$1 COP-FREE ZONE 9 ! C5T] ( !IR CITY4 ,ANXI\S TO KEEP O!R PEOPLE FROM LE>N+ ! SAME LESSON1 ,BIRM+HAM BUS9ESS LEAD]S & POLITICIANS IMM$IATELY AGRE$ TO LEGISLATE ! DESEGREGATION ?AT RIOT]S HAD ALREADY ACCOMPLI%$ 79 FACT !Y HAD WON SOME?+ EV5 MORE POT5T3 NOT ONLY C\LD BLACKS 5T] :ITE BUS9ESSES1 BUT !Y DIDN'T HAVE TO PAY = ANY?+74 ,PRESID5T ,K5N$Y F9ALLY />T$ PAY+ ATT5TION & URG$ ,CONGRESS TO PASS ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS ,ACT4 ,IT WAS ! RIOT]S :O WON CIVIL RI<TS4 

,SOME VET]ANS ( ! ,S,N,C,C WRITE AB\T ! DECREAS+ EFFECTIV5ESS ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE 9 ?OSE YE>S3 

0,! PHILOSOPHY ( NONVIOL5CE HIT %AKI] GR\ND :5 ,S,N,C,C BEGAN ITS P]IOD ( COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION 9 ! ,S\?1 HAV+ TO FACE CONT9UAL ?REATS ( P]HAPS DEADLY VIOL5CE FROM :ITES4 .<444 .>,AS A RESULT1 ONCE /RICT GUIDEL9ES ( NONVIOL5CE W]E RELAX$ & MEMB]S W]E UN(FICIALLY P]MITT$ TO C>RY GUNS = SELF DEF5SE4 .<444.> ,EV5TUALLY :ITES BEGAN TO UND]/& ! TACTIC1 & NONVIOL5CE BECAME LESS P[]FUL4 .<444.> ,IF !RE WAS NO MORE PUBLIC VIOL5CE = ,S,N,C,C TO RISE ABOVE1 ,S,N,C,C'S MESSAGE W\LD BE WEAK5$4 ,?US1 PROTE/]S W]E NO LONG] BEAT5 PUBLICLY4 ,9/EAD !Y W]E ATTACK$ & BEAT5 BEH9D CLOS$ DOORS :]E NEWSPAP] REPORT]S & TELEVISION CAM]AS C\LD NOT REA*4 ,AS S\!RN :ITES 9T5D$1 DISCRETE VIOL5T OPPRESSION BEGAN TO DE/ROY ! IMAGE ( M>TYR ?AT ,S,N,C,C HAD C>EFULLY CON/RUCT$ ?R\< NONVIOL5T PROTE/4 .<444.> ,SOON AFT]1 ! ,H>LEM ,RIOTS TOOK PLACE4 ,IT WAS ! FIR/ URBAN RACE RIOT1 & BR\<T ! TOPIC ( BLACK-9ITIAT$ VIOL5CE 9TO PUBLIC DEBATE4 ,SU* ACTIONS W]E NO LONG] ASSUM$ TO BE C\NT] PRODUCTIVE4 ,?IS EV5T1 & EV5TUALLY ! RISE ( BLACK P[]1 L$ TO ! FALL ( NONVIOL5CE 9 ,S,N,C,C40 

,SO :5EV] SOMEBODY SAYS 0,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+10 ! MESSAGE %\LD BE1 0,WE KN[1 WE KN[1 NONVIOL5CE DOESN'T WORK40 ,EV5 ,K+ WAS MOV+ AWAY FROM A /RICT ATTA*M5T TO NONVIOL5CE1 SPEAK+ 9 FAVOR ( RIOT]S & ! >M$ ,VIETNAMESE1 BE=E !Y KILL$ HIM4 ,?IS WAS AFT] #a#i#f#c1 YE>S 9 :I* HE DOESN'T APPE> 9 ! (FICIAL HI/ORIES1 :5 HE WAS DO+ ?+S & SAY+ ?+S ?AT :ITE PROGRESSIVES NEV] REF] TO4 

,= EXAMPLE1 ,K+ TOLD ,ALEX ,HALEY 9 #a#i#f#e3 0,OV] ! PA/ SEV]AL YE>S1 ,I MU/ SAY1 ,I HAVE BE5 GRAVELY DISAPPO9T$ ) SU* :ITE 0MOD]ATES0 .<?OSE :O CONSID] !MSELVES 05LI<T5$0 & 0SYMPA?IZE ) \R GOALS BUT CANNOT CONDONE \R ME?ODS ( DIRECT ACTION0.>4 ,I AM (T5 9CL9$ TO ?9K ?AT !Y >E MORE ( A /UMBL+ BLOCK TO ! ,NEGRO'S PROGRESS ?AN ! ,:ITE ,CITIZ5'S ,C\NCIL] OR ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLANN]40 

,?IS QUOTE RAISES AN 9T]E/+ QUE/ION4 ,:AT WAS ! ROLE ( :ITE PEOPLE 9 ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T8 ,!Y SEEM TO BE ABS5T FROM ! /ORIES ABOVE1 AS WELL AS ! BE/ KN[N EPISODES ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,! ONLY REAL EXCEPTIONS >E ,&REW ,GOODMAN & ,MI*AEL ,S*W]N]1 TWO :ITE ,NEW ,YORK]S KILL$ 9 ,MISSISSIPPI ALONGSIDE ,JAMES ,*ANEY4 

,9 FACT1 A L>GE NUMB] ( :ITE PEOPLE P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! MOVEM5T1 WORK+ ALONGSIDE ,K+ 9 ! ,S,C,L,C1 TAK+ P>T 9 O!R ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ,C,O,R,E1 GO+ ON ,FRE$OM ,RIDES1 & ABOVE ALL1 HELP+ FUND ! MOVEM5T & PUTT+ PRESSURE ON M$IA & POLITICIANS4 ,!RE W]E ALSO MO/LY :ITE ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ,S,D,S & ,WEA!RMAN ?AT =M$ A P>T ( ! L>G] CON/ELLATION ( SOCIAL /RUGGLES ?AT W]E 9FLU5C$ BY ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T & F$ BACK 9TO ! CONT9U+ BATTLE AGA9/ RACIAL OPPRESSION4 ,WEA!RMAN1 = EXAMPLE1 MA9TA9$ TIES ) ! ,BLACK ,PAN!RS4 

,& ?\< MANY :ITE PEOPLE DID GO TO PRISON1 ONLY A FEW FAC$ ! LEVEL ( REPRESSION ! ,F,B,I BR\<T D[N ON ! BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T 7& USUALLY IT WAS :ITE PEOPLE :O HAD 5GAG$ 9 >M$ /RUGGLE1 LIKE ,DAVID ,GILB]T OR ,H>OLD ,?OMPSON74 ,9 O!R WORDS1 MANY MORE :ITE PEOPLE SURVIV$ ! /RUGGLE 9TACT2 :AT'S MORE1 !Y W]E ABLE TO BECOME 9FLU5TIAL ACADEMICS1 POLITICIANS1 OR BUS9ESS LEAD]S4 ,! IMPLICATION IS ?AT !Y >E ! ONES1 ABOVE ALL1 :O HAVE WRITT5 ! (FICIAL HI/ORY ( ?AT ]A1 A HI/ORY ?AT HAS BE5 AMPUTAT$1 DI/ORT$1 & FALSIFI$4 ,& :ILE !Y MAY HAVE BE5 RADICALS 9 !IR Y\?1 !Y & ! G5]ATIONS !Y HAVE 9FLU5C$ HAVE BECOME 9CREAS+LY LIKE ! 05LI<T5$0 MOD]ATES ,K+ W>N$ AB\T4 

,MUMIA ABU-,JAMAL WRITES AB\T H[ ,DR4 ,K+ WAS 0CALM+0 = ! :ITE PYS*E1 :]EAS ! ,PAN!RS W]E FRI<T5+4 ,& 9 MANY WAYS1 ! :ITE MIDDLE CLASS WAS ! AUDI5CE ?AT A L>GE P>T ( ! MOVEM5T WAS P]=M+ =4 ,!Y CON/ITUT$1 & !Y /ILL CON/ITUTE TODAY1 A VIRTUAL PUBLIC1 MOBILIZ$ BY ! M$IA1 ?AT LAYS D[N ! NORMS = ACCEPTABLE CIVIC BEHAVIOR4 ,!Y DET]M9E :E!R A DISSID5T SOCIAL GR\P IS GRANT$ SOME LEGITIMACY1 OR :E!R ! POLICE WILL BE JU/IFI$ 9 ANNIHILAT+ !M4 

,! SAME DYNAMIC IS REPRODUC$ TODAY AS :ITE PROGRESSIVES ESS5TIALLY AUDIT ! REBELLIONS ?AT >E SP>K$ BY ! 9EVITABLE CASUALTIES ( HEAVYH&$ POLIC+ 9 POOR NEI<BORHOODS PRIM>ILY 9HABIT$ BY PEOPLE ( COLOR4 ,!Y CAN REFUSE TO SEE ?OSE REBELLIONS AS ACTS ( RESI/ANCE1 9/EAD FE>FULLY DISMISS+ !M AS S5SELESS RACE RIOTS1 AS WAS G5]ALLY ! CASE ) ! ,L4,A4 ,RIOTS ( #a#i#i#b4 ,OR !Y CAN P>TICIPATE1 9 ORD] TO TAME !M1 TO MAKE !M MORE COM=TABLE = ! TYPICAL :ITE P]SON :O DOES NOT HAVE TO PUT UP ) DAILY POLICE VIOL5CE4 

,I AM ABSOLUTELY NOT SAY+ ?AT NONVIOL5CE IS A :ITE ?+ & VIOL5CE IS :AT PEOPLE ( COLOR USE4 ,I DON'T BELIEVE ?AT RACE PR$ET]M9ES PEOPLE'S OP9IONS OR EXP]I5CES1 ?\< IT DOES G5]ATE PATT]NS 9 T]MS ( :AT PEOPLE >E SUBJECT$ TO BY A RACIALIZ$ SOCIETY4 ,I KN[ ?AT )9 BLACK COMMUNITIES ( RESI/ANCE1 TO NAME ONE EXAMPLE1 !RE >E /ILL DEBATES ON :AT LESSONS TO DRAW FROM ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS & BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 ,I P]SONALLY TAKE 9SPIRATION FROM ! ?9K+ ( C]TA9 EX-,PAN!RS1 LIKE ,A%ANTI ,AL/ON1 ,RUSSELL 0,M>OON0 ,%OATZ1 & ,LOR5ZO ,KOMBOA ,]V94 ,!RE >E ALSO VET]ANS ( ! MORE MILITANT W+ ( ! /RUGGLE :O /ILL BELIEVE 9 A HI]>*ICAL1 ,MAOI/-9SPIR$ ME?OD1 & !RE >E /ILL ?OSE :O BELIEVE 9 NONVIOL5CE4 

,:ILE ,I DO ?9K ?AT AN HONE/ READ+ ( HI/ORY DISPROVES ! COMMONPLACE ?AT 0NONVIOL5CE WORK$10 :I* IS BASICALLY :AT :ITE PEOPLE MEAN :5 !Y EXCLAIM1 0,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+601 ,I DON'T ?9K ?AT HI/ORY IS UNIVOCAL1 ?AT IT LEADS TO ANY S+LE1 CORRECT ANSW]S REG>D+ H[ TO CREATE A BETT] WORLD4 ,:AT'S MORE1 H[ C\LD !RE BE ONE ANSW]8 ,EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL & EV]Y COMMUNITY HAS DIFF]5T NE$S1 & EV]YONE FACES DIFF]5T CONSEQU5CES :5 !Y GO UP AGA9/ ?IS SY/EM4 

,A P]SON ( COLOR IS GO+ TO FACE A HI<] RISK ( 9JURY OR IMPRISONM5T IF !Y FI<T BACK ?AN ,I W\LD4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ,I CANNOT MAKE TACTICAL DECISIONS = ANYONE ELSE4 ,BUT 9 ! H&S ( MANY :ITE PROGRESSIVES1 ?IS FACT TURNS 9TO ! >GUM5T ?AT FI<T+ BACK IS 0PRIVILEG$10 SOME?+ ONLY :ITE PEOPLE CAN DO4 ,?IS ASS]TION IS AS PATRONIZ+ AS IT IS 9ACCURATE4 ,:ILE ! 0,BLACK ,BLOC0 ME?OD ( RIOT+ IS /ILL C>RI$ \T MO/LY BY :ITE PEOPLE--AFT] ALL1 IT WAS IMPORT$ FROM ,G]MANY--?IS IS ONLY ONE ( MANY WAYS ?AT PEOPLE *OOSE TO FI<T BACK4 ,9 FACT1 A POLITICS ( COM=T1 ! ABILITY TO DISS5T )\T BE+ PUNI%$1 IS ONE ( ! DEF9+ PRIVILEGES ( :IT5ESS1 ?\< :ITE PEOPLE HAVE TO PLAY BY C]TA9 RULES TO 5JOY IT4 ,& PEACEFULNESS IS *IEF AMONG ?OSE RULES4 

,:5 SOME?+ LIKE ,F]GUSON HAPP5S1 PEOPLE ( COLOR WILL SUDD5LY APPE> 9 ! M$IA 9 GREAT] QUANTITY1 URG+ NONVIOL5CE4 ,:ITE PROGRESSIVES TAKE ?IS AS CONFIRMATION ?AT !IR /ANCE IS NOT 9FLECT$ BY RACE1 & 9 FACT !IR COM=T POLITICS IS JU/ A WAY = !M TO BE GOOD ALLIES FOLL[+ ! LEAD]%IP ( PEOPLE ( COLOR4 ,BUT ?AT IS EXACTLY H[ !Y >E SUPPOS$ TO REACT4 ,! LEGITIMIZATION ( NONVIOL5CE IS NO?+ BUT A SPECTACLE1 & !Y >E ! 9T5D$ AUDI5CE4 

,I DON'T KN[ IF ! ACTIVI/S1 M9I/]S1 & S*OL>S CA/ 9 ! ROLE ( 0COMMUNITY LEAD]S0 BY ! M$IA 5GAGE 9 FAIR DEBATES )9 !IR COMMUNITIES1 IF !Y'RE MAK+ GOOD TACTICAL DECISIONS 9 !IR CIRCUM/ANCES1 OR IF !Y EV5 BELIEVE :AT !Y >E SAY+4 ,IT ISN'T MY PLACE TO SAY4 ,REG>DLESS1 !Y >E US$ AS FIGUREHEADS BY :ITE M$IA TO DELIV] A REASSUR+ MESSAGE TO A :ITE AUDI5CE4 ,! SAME ACTIVI/S1 ) ! SAME CR$5TIALS1 W\LD NOT BE GIV5 ANY AIR TIME BY ! BIG M$IA CORPORATIONS OR ! BIG ,N,G,OS & PROTE/ ORGANIZATIONS1 MO/LY RELIANT ON :ITE PHILAN?ROPY1 IF !Y QUE/ION$ ! VALIDITY ( NONVIOL5CE4 ,LIKE CONSUM]S ) A BIG BUDGET1 :ITE PROGRESSIVES >E DET]M9+ ! K9D ( PRODUCTS ?AT >E BE+ SOLD TO !M )\T EV] BE+ AW>E ( ! M>KET+4 ,:E!R IT'S DESIGN] %OES OR PROTE/ /RATEGIES1 ! DYNAMICS >E ! SAME1 & ABOVE ALL !Y RE9=CE ! WORLDVIEW :]E BUY+ & SELL+ >E NORMAL ACTIVITIES & ! M>KET IS UND]/OOD AS A NATURAL =CE4 

,I DON'T ?9K IT'S AN EXAGG]ATION TO VIEW !SE OP9IONS AS PRODUCTS1 AT LEA/ :5 !Y >E BE+ PACKAG$ BY ! M$IA4 ,AT EV]Y LEVEL ( ! SPECTACUL> TREATM5T ( ?IS CONFLICT1 PROP]TY RELATIONS >E ASS]T+ !MSELVES OV] & AGA9/ HUMAN LIFE4 ,:5 KIDS >E GETT+ %OT D[N 9 ! /REETS1 SOME VIGILANTES >E TAK+ UP >MS NOT AGA9/ ! POLICE BUT AGA9/ ! LOOT]S1 TO DEF5D 0PROP]TY RI<TS04 ,BY O!R MEANS1 PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE >E DO+ ! SAME ?+1 S9CE A CONDEMNATION ( ! RIOTS IS ABOVE ALL SUPPORT = ! SANCTITY ( PROP]TY OV] LIFE4 

,I ?9K IT CAN BE A GOOD ?+ ?AT MORE :ITE PEOPLE >E F9ALLY REACT+ TO POLICE VIOL5CE & TAK+ TO ! /REETS1 BUT NOT IF !Y P>TICIPATE 9 ! UNFOLD+ MOVEM5T 9 ! SAME WAY AS !Y P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T4 

,AFT] ALL1 ! CURR5T MOVEM5T IS 9 MANY WAYS A CONT9UATION ( ,CIVIL ,RI<TS4 ,& ! LATT] WAS JU/ ONE MANIFE/ATION ( ! C5TURIES-OLD FI<T AGA9/ OPPRESSION & DOM9ATION1 :I* 9 ?IS C\NTRY HAS L>GELY BE5 AB\T RACE1 DUE TO ! WAY ,NOR? ,AM]ICA WAS COLONIZ$4 ,!RE IS A /RONG >GUM5T = ! ASS]TION ?AT ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T NEI!R WON NOR 5D$4 ,IF ! %>$ GOAL ( ! MOVEM5T WAS TO 5D RACIAL 9EQUALITY & OPPRESSION1 IT WAS PR9CIPALLY ! LEGAL-M9D$1 COLLEGE-$UCAT$ PORTIONS ( ! MOVEM5T :O W]E ASS]T+ ?AT ! FOCUS ( ?AT GOAL %\LD BE *ANGE AT AN 9/ITUTIONAL1 LEGISLATIVE LEVEL4 ,!IR ASS]TIONS HAVE PROV5 FALSE4 ,P]HAPS ! ONLY CONCRETE VICTORIES ( ! MOVEM5T W]E TO 5D ,JIM ,CR[ SEGREGATION1 9/ITUTE A LEGAL BASIS = RACIAL EQUALITY1 & SUB/ANTIALLY 9CREASE ! P]C5TAGE ( REGI/]$ BLACK VOT]S4 ,AT LEA/ AS F> AS /ATI/ICAL EVID5CE IS CONC]N$1 !SE *ANGES HAVE NOT BE5 ACCOMPANI$ BY AN 9CREASE 9 ! QUALITY ( LIFE = BLACK PEOPLE & O!R PEOPLE ( COLOR1 NOR A SUB/ANTIAL DECREASE 9 ! DISPROPORTIONS BETWE5 :ITE PEOPLE & PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 ANY SIGNIFICANT CRIT]ION FROM 9COME TO 9C>C]ATION & POLICE KILL+S4 

,JIM ,CR[ SEGREGATION IS OV]1 BUT A SUBTL] =M ( SEGREGATION ?AT HAD ALREADY BE5 DEVELOP$ 9 NOR!RN CITIES FROM ,NEW ,YORK TO ,*ICAGO BY ! TIME ( ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T IS ! LAW ( ! L&4 ,AS CITY ADM9I/RATORS SMELL$ ! *ANG+ W9DS 9 ! '#eS & '#fS1 !Y APPLI$ = F$]AL 0URBAN R5EWAL0 GRANTS & DEMOLI%$ ?RIV+ BLACK NEI<BORHOODS ACROSS ! ,S\?1 FROM PLACES LIKE SMALL1 RURAL ,H>RISONBURG1 :]E ,I US$ TO LIVE1 TO S\!RN ,H>LEMS1 CULTURAL C5T]S LIKE ,RI*MOND & ,MIAMI4 ,9 !IR PLACES !Y BUILT HI<WAYS & 9C9]ATORS1 OR !Y CON/RUCT$ NEW BUILD+S = :ITE BUS9ESSES1 & LOCAT$ NEW H\S+ PROJECTS = ! DISPLAC$ BLACK RESID5TS 9 LESS DESIRABLE NEI<BORHOODS4 ,H\S+ & ,URBAN ,DEVELOPM5T PROV$ TO BE A MU* MORE POT5T WEAPON ?AN ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLAN = ! MA9T5ANCE ( A :ITE SUPREMACI/ SY/EM4 ,& :O NE$S ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLAN :5 Y\ HAVE ,GOOGLE8 ,EV5 MORE EFFICI5T ?AN A P[]FUL GOV]NM5T BUREAUCRACY1 TE* COMPANIES LIKE ,GOOGLE OR ,MICROS(T >E RAPIDLY G5TRIFY+ HI/ORICALLY BLACK & LAT9O NEI<BORHOODS FROM ,SAN ,FRANCISCO TO ,SEATTLE4 

,IF Y\ CONSID] ?AT ! \T] B\ND>Y ( ,SAN ,FRANCISCO'S G5TRIFICATION IS ,OAKL&1 !SE TWO BEA*HEADS ( ! NEW /YLE ( G5TRIFICATION L9E UP ) SITES ( SOME ( ! FI]C] & MORE 9NOVATIVE BATTLES AGA9/ POLICE KILL+S 9 ! LA/ FIVE YE>S3 ! CASES ( ,OSC> ,GRANT & ,JOHN ,T4 ,WILLIAMS4 

,?IS IS NOT A CO9CID5CE4 ,POLIC+ IS CRUCIAL TO ! G5TRIFICATION ( A NEI<BORHOOD1 AS WELL AS TO ! MA9T5ANCE ( SLUM /ATUS 9 POOR NEI<BORHOODS LIKE ,F]GUSON ?AT ! SY/EM 9T5TIONALLY NEGLECTS4 ,& :ILE MANY ASPECTS ( POLICE /RATEGIES 9 !SE TWO K9DS ( NEI<BORHOODS DIFF]--0BROK5 W9D[S0 !ORY & HYP]AGGRESSIVE POLIC+ AGA9/ QUALITY ( LIFE (F5SES 9 ! =M]1 MILIT>Y-/YLE OP]ATIONS1 D5IAL ( S]VICES1 & EV5 COMPLICITY 9 ! DRUG TRADE 9 ! LATT]--BO? /RATEGIES RESULT 9 ! KILL+S ( PEOPLE ( COLOR4 

,?\< ! M$IA & ! O!R 9/ITUTIONS ?AT $UCATE US HAVE CUT US (F FROM \R HI/ORIES & A*IEV$ A WIDESPREAD SOCIAL AMNESIA1 WE >E AFFECT$ BY ! PA/1 & WE CONT9UE TO PLAY \T DYNAMICS ?AT BEGAN A LONG TIME AGO4 ,:E!R WE REF]5CE DOM9ANT HI/ORIES OR SUBV]SIVE HI/ORIES--PEOPLE'S HI/ORIES--DET]M9ES :E!R WE LE>N FROM PA/ MI/AKES OR REPEAT !M4 

,NONVIOL5CE HAS ! DUBI\S HONOR ( N>RAT+ PEOPLE'S HI/ORIES ?AT >E ALMO/ ID5TICAL TO ! (FICIAL HI/ORY4 ,NONVIOL5CE WORK$1 ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T WON1 & SO ON4 ,9 ! ,F]GUSON SOLID>ITY PROTE/ ,I ATT5D$1 A Y\NG BLACK P]SON1 BE=E URG+ US TO 0BURN EV]Y?+10 SAID 0?IS HAS BE5 GO+ ON S9CE ,EMMETT ,TILL40 ,HE WAS REF]5C+ A MU* DIFF]5T HI/ORY ?AN ! :ITE P]SON :O TRI$ TO /OP A FEW V&ALS BY SP\T+ 0,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+60 

,MANY PEOPLE 9 ,F]GUSON & GREAT] ,/4 ,L\IS HAVE DECID$ TO TAKE UP >MS AGA9/ ! POLICE1 FIR/ 9 ,AUGU/ AFT] ,MI*AEL ,BR[N WAS KILL$1 & AGA9 9 ,NOVEMB] AFT] ! NON-9DICTM5T ( ,D>R5 ,WILSON WAS ANN\NC$4 ,BO? ! PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE & ! M$IA HAVE BE5 D[NPLAY+ ! USE ( WEAPONS BY PROTE/]S1 BUT ! GUNFIRE1 AIM$ 9 ! AIR OR DIRECTLY AT POLICE1 HAS BE5 A TRANS=MATIVE *>ACT]I/IC1 SETT+ ,F]GUSON AP>T FROM PREVI\S RESPONSES TO POLICE KILL+S1 & PRES5T+ A REAL DANG]1 & !RE=E A LIMIT1 = ! COPS1 AS WELL AS A DANG] = ! PROTE/]S 7SEV]AL ( :OM W]E 9JUR$ BY FRI5DLY FIRE74 ,RA!R ?AN %Y AWAY FROM ! DANG]1 %\LDN'T WE AT LEA/ BE TALK+ AB\T :E!R IT IS PREF]ABLE TO ! ONE-SID$ W> ?AT POLICE1 9 TIMES ( SOCIAL PEACE1 >E CONT9\SLY WAG+ AGA9/ SOME ( US8 

,LEAVE IT TO ,FOX ,NEWS TO D5\NCE ?OSE :O TAKE UP WEAPONS AS M9DLESS ?UGS OR DEMONS4 ,I ?9K PEOPLE :O LIVE ON ! FRONTL9E ( ! W> BE+ WAG$ BY POLICE KN[ EXACTLY :AT !Y'RE AB\T4 ,I ALSO ?9K WE %\LD GRANT !M ! RESPECT ( PLAC+ !M 9 ! SAME TRADITION AS ,ROB]T ,WILLIAMS & ! ,MONROE ,N,A,A,C,P1 ! ,PAN!RS1 & MILITIAS ( FRE$ SLAVES A C5TURY BE=E ?AT4 

,!RE >E ALSO PL5TY ( BLACK PEOPLE 9 ,F]GUSON OR BEYOND :O HAVE *OS5 TO RESPOND PEACEFULLY4 ,SOME HAVE ! V]Y REAL FE> ( BE+ %OT BY POLICE4 ,O!RS >E C>E]I/S1 OR BELONG TO VANGU>DI/ ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ! ,NEW ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY 7PRETTY UNI=MLY D5\NC$ BY MEMB]S ( ! ORIG9AL ,PAN!RS74 ,SOME WANT TO MAKE A NONVIOL5T /RATEGY WORK 9 ! PRES5T CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,O!RS WANT$ TO GIVE ! C\RTS A *ANCE TO RI<T ! WRONG ( ,MI*AEL ,BR[N'S MURD]1 & HAVE S9CE GIV5 UP ON A PEACEFUL RESPONSE4 

,AS A :ITE P]SON1 ,I HAVE TO ASK MYSELF H[ TO RELATE TO ?IS /RUGGLE4 ,:ITE PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE WILL TYPICALLY TRY TO CA/ O!R :ITES :O 5GAGE 9 RISKI] & MORE COMBATIVE TACTICS AS PRIVILEG$ & RACI/1 :ILE !Y CA/ !MSELVES AS 0ALLIES0 FOLL[+ ! LEAD ( PEOPLE ( COLOR4 ,H[EV]1 ?OSE !Y TOK5I/ICALLY CLAIM TO FOLL[ >E ! ONES ! M$IA HAVE GIV5 ! L\DE/ VOICE1 & ?OSE :O >E PREA*+ ! EXACT =M ( PEACEFUL PROTE/ !Y ALREADY HAVE A PREF]5CE =1 ?AT WON'T REQUIRE !M TO GO \T ( !IR COM=T ZONE OR FACE A LEVEL ( CONFRONTATION ) POLICE ?AT !IR PRIVILEGE USUALLY PROTECTS !M FROM4 

,CLE>LY1 PEOPLE ON ! GR\ND 9 ,F]GUSON HAVE RESPOND$ ) A V>IETY ( =MS ( RESI/ANCE4 ,IT TURNS MY /OMA* :5 \TSID]S BASICALLY GO %OPP+ & *OOSE ! =M ?AT FITS !IR PRECONCEIV$ PREF]5CES & NOTIONS ( RESI/ANCE1 & !N CLAIM !Y'RE 9 SOLID>ITY ) 0,F]GUSON10 AS ?\< ?AT W]E SOME HOMOG5\S BODY4 

,I ?9K TRUE SOLID>ITY CAN ONLY EXI/ BETWE5 PEOPLE OR GR\PS ?AT HAVE !IR [N AUTONOM\S /RUGGLES4 ,& :ILE :ITE PEOPLE WILL NEV] KN[ :AT IT IS LIKE = PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 ?IS SOCIETY1 ,I DON'T ?9K ,I CAN TRU/ A :ITE P]SON :O DOES NOT HAVE !IR [N REASONS = HAT+ POLICE4 ,IF !Y MAKE ALL ! RI<T *OICES ?AT :ITE PEOPLE >E TAU<T TO MAKE--GO TO UNIV]SITY1 GET A HI<-PAY+ JOB1 BE A GOOD CITIZ51 & IF Y\ MU/ PROTE/1 DO IT PEACEFULLY1 IF Y\ MU/ RIOT1 DO IT AT A SPORTS MAT*--!Y MAY NOT HAVE HAD ANY EXP]I5CE ) A COP WORSE ?AN AN >GUM5T OV] A SPE$+ TICKET 7AL?\< ,I ?9K A C]TA9 DOGMATIC VIEW ( :ITE PRIVILEGE ]ASES ! EXP]I5CES ( POOR :ITES OR :ITES ) M5TAL HEAL? PROBLEMS1 :O (T5 HAVE DEMEAN+ RUN-9S ) COPS1 & :O >E FREQU5TLY ATTRACT$ BY RI<T-W+ DISC\RSES1 P]HAPS BECAUSE ONLY ! ,RI<T WILL GRANT !M VICTIM /ATUS74 

,BUT IF !Y DO NOT MAKE ! NORMALIZ$ *OICES1 IF !Y DO NOT ACCEPT ! LIMITS ( :AT IS SUPPOS$ TO PASS = FRE$OM UND] DEMOCRATIC CAPITALISM1 !Y WILL LE>N FIR/H&1 EI!R 9 !IR [N BODIES OR WAT*+ IT HAPP5 TO LOV$ ONES1 AB\T PRISON1 POLICE TORTURE & BEAT+S1 SURVEILLANCE1 REPRESSION1 & ! PRESUMPTION ( GUILT4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 !Y WILL LE>N ! NATURE ( POLICE4 

,ONCE ,I UND]/& ! NATURE ( ! POLICE1 IT MAKES S5SE TO ME TO RESPOND EV]Y TIME ! COPS KILL SOMEONE4 ,SOLID>ITY MEANS ?AT ,I SEEK \T O!RS :O >E FAC+ ! SAME PROBLEM1 ALBEIT 9EVITABLY FROM A DIFF]5T P]SPECTIVE4 ,NATURALLY1 ?OSE :O PREF] PEACEFUL ME?ODS WILL L9K UP ) O!RS ) ! SAME PREF]5CES1 JU/ AS ?OSE :O PREF] COMBATIVE ME?ODS WILL F9D EA* O!R4 ,IT MAKES = A MORE ROBU/ /RUGGLE IF PEOPLE ) DIFF]5T ME?ODS ALSO =M RELATION%IPS & LE>N H[ TO COMPLEM5T RA!R ?AN D5\NCE ONE ANO!R2 H[EV] ! HI/ORICAL LESSON ?AT RE=MI/S & ?OSE :O SEEK 9/ITUTIONAL DIALOGUE & ADVANCEM5T WILL 9EVITABLY SELL \T ! GRASSROOTS & ! MORE RADICAL CURR5TS1 C\LD HELP AVOID MAJOR BETRAYALS DUR+ ! PROCESS ( =M+ RELATION%IPS ACROSS DIFF]5CE4 

,AT A M9IMUM1 SOLID>ITY 9 ?IS CURR5T /RUGGLE DICTATES ?AT WE DO NOT CON/RA9 ! *OICES ( ?OSE :O >E MO/ AFFECT$ BY POLICE KILL+S 7?\< ,I ?9K ! LABEL ( 0MO/ AFFECT$0 9 ?IS CASE EXCLUDES NOT ONLY :ITES BUT ALSO ECONOMICALLY MOBILE ACTIVI/S ( COLOR :O FLY 9 FROM ACROSS ! C\NTRY74 ,ONE WAY ?AT :ITE PEOPLE MI<T FAIL AT ?AT IS BY />T+ A RIOT EV]Y TIME LOCALS W]E TRY+ TO ORGANIZE A VIGIL4 ,?AT DIDN'T HAPP5 9 ,F]GUSON4 ,:AT DID HAPP5 WAS ?AT PROGRESSIVE :ITES1 TOGE!R ) PR(ESSIONAL ACTIVI/S ( V>I\S RACES1 TRI$ TO CRIM9ALIZE & PREV5T NON-PEACEFUL RESPONSES4 ,!Y FAC$ AN UPHILL BATTLE 9 ,F]GUSON1 BUT !Y SUCCE$$ 9 PACIFY+ SOLID>ITY EV5TS >\ND ! C\NTRY1 PREV5T+ PROTE/]S FROM TAK+ ! LEAD ( FOLKS 9 ,F]GUSON1 EXP]I5C+ RAGE AT ! SAME LEVEL1 OR 5GAG+ 9 ! SAME BOLD PROCESS ( TAK+ OV] SPACE & LE>N+ H[ TO FI<T BACK4 

,IT'S A %AME ?AT ?IS HAPP5$1 BECAUSE A MULTIRACIAL CR[D CAN ACCOMPLI% ?+S ?AT O!R CR[DS CANNOT4 ,I HAVE M5TION$ H[ POLICE 9 ,F]GUSON & ,/4 ,L\IS W]E UN*>ACT]I/ICALLY RE/RA9$1 & DID NOT OP5 FIRE ON RIOT]S & LOOT]S ! WAY !Y DID 9 ,L4,A4 9 '#i#b OR ,NEW ,ORLEANS 9 '#e4  ,P]HAPS !Y HELD BACK ?IS TIME BECAUSE !RE W]E MORE :ITE PEOPLE 9 ! /REETS1 OR BECAUSE !Y FE>$ A WID] 9SURRECTION1 OR BO?4 ,9 ANY CASE1 IF MORE :ITE PEOPLE TOOK P>T 9 FI]CE1 COMBATIVE RESPONSES TO POLICE KILL+S RA!R ?AN CON/RA9+ ?OSE RESPONSES1 ! ,/ATE W\LD EI!R HAVE TO /EP BACK AS CR[DS PU%$ COPS \T ( 5TIRE NEI<BORHOODS1 ALL[+ COMMUNITIES TO EXP]IM5T ) POLICE-FREE ZONES & O!R =MS ( AUTONOMY1 OR !Y W\LD HAVE TO />T %OOT+ MORE :ITE PEOPLE1 :I* W\LD DRA/ICALLY UND]M9E ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT HI]>*IES = UPHOLD+ ,/ATE P[] 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 

,AN HONE/ CONV]SATION AB\T TACTICS & /RATEGIES 9 ! /REETS IS SORELY NE$$1 & AT A BROAD] SCALE ?AN HAS HAPP5$ 9 ! PA/4 ,A LONG LI/ ( MANIPULATIONS & CLI*ES MAKES ?AT CONV]SATION IMPOSSIBLE1 AID$ BY ! FACT ?AT MANY PEOPLE /ILL TRU/ ! M$IA AS A =UM = A SOCIAL CONV]SATION1 OR !Y DON'T NOTICE :5 DISC\RSES CRAFT$ 9 & = ! M$IA 7(T5 BY ACADEMICS & ,N,G,O ACTIVI/S :O >E S$UC$ BY ! P[] ( A S\ND BYTE7 9FILTRATE !IR [N ?9K+4 ,! M$IA WEI< 9 HEAVILY ON ! SIDE ( NONVIOL5CE1 F9D+ PUR*ASE 9 ! COMMON MISCONCEPTION ?AT NONVIOL5CE HAS WORK$ 9 ! PA/4 

,IF WE CAN RESURRECT SUBV]SIVE1 OR EV5 JU/ FACTUALLY VIGOR\S1 HI/ORIES ( ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T & O!R /RUGGLES1 & R$ISCOV] ! ?READ ( CONT9UITY FROM ?OSE TIMES TO ! ONES WE CURR5TLY 9HABIT1 WE CAN LAY ! GR\NDWORK = A MU* MORE 9TELLIG5T DISCUSSION ( H[ TO MOVE =W>D4 

,BUT MOV+ =W>D REQUIRES US TO ?9K AB\T :]E WE >E GO+1 & ! >TIFICIAL CONS5SUS ON NONVIOL5CE PALES 9 COMP>ISON TO ! CONS5SUS ?AT HAS BE5 MANUFACTUR$ >\ND ! POLICE2 GOOD OR BAD1 !Y >E NECESS>Y1 & AT ! V]Y MO/ !Y MU/ BE RE=M$4 

,! ROCKS ON :I* ! PRES5T MOVEM5T WILL F\ND] & BREAK AP>T1 OR :I* IT WILL CLIMB TO F9ALLY LEAVE BEH9D ! CESSPOOL ( PROBLEMS ?AT HAVE CYCL$ & RECYCL$ = C5TURIES1 IS ! QUE/ION ( A WORLD )\T POLICE4 

,IF WE CAN EFFECTIVELY 5GAGE ) ?IS QUE/ION1 WE MI<T BE ABLE TO SURPASS ! MIS]IES ( RE=MISM ?AT DEV\R$ ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T & LEFT US ) ! PROBLEM ( POLICE KILL+S ?AT HAUNTS US TODAY4 

,DECEMB] #a#i1 #bad 

,A ,WORLD ,)\T ,POLICE 

,9 TWO PREVI\S ESSAY1 ,I DISCUSS$ ! ROLE ( ! ,LEFT 9 PROTECT+ ! POLICE ?R\< CAUTI\S RE=MISM1 & ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( A PACIFI$1 FALSIFI$--9 A WORD DIS>M$--HI/ORY ( ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T TO PREV5T US FROM LE>N+ FROM PREVI\S /RUGGLES & A*IEV+ A MEAN+FUL *ANGE 9 SOCIETY4 

,! POLICE >E A RACI/1 AU?ORIT>IAN 9/ITUTION ?AT EXI/S TO PROTECT ! P[]FUL 9 AN UNEQUAL SY/EM4 ,PA/ & PRES5T EF=TS TO RE=M !M HAVE DEMON/RAT$ ?AT RE=MISM CAN'T SOLVE ! PROBLEM1 ?\< IT DOES S]VE TO SQU&] POPUL> PROTE/S & ADVANCE ! C>E]S ( PR(ESSIONAL ACTIVI/S4 ,FAC$ ) ?IS SITUATION1 9 :I* ,LEFT & ,RI<T UNWITT+LY COLLUDE TO PROLONG ! PROBLEM1 ! EXTRALEGAL PA? ( RIOT+1 SEIZ+ SPACE1 & FI<T+ BACK AGA9/ ! POLICE MAKES P]FECT S5SE4 ,9 FACT1 ?IS PH5OM5ON1 D5\NC$ AS 0VIOL5CE0 BY ! M$IA1 ! POLICE1 & MANY ACTIVI/S 9 UNISON1 WAS NOT ONLY ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT FEATURE ( ! ,F]GUSON REBELLION & ! SOLID>ITY PROTE/S ORGANIZ$ 9 HUNDR$S ( O!R CITIES1 IT WAS ALSO ! VITAL ELEM5T ?AT MADE EV]Y?+ ELSE POSSIBLE1 ?AT DI/+UI%$ ! KILL+ ( ,MI*AEL ,BR[N FROM A HUNDR$ O!R POLICE MURD]S4 ,:AT'S MORE1 SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ /ATE VIOL5CE 7:E!R EXC]CIZ$ BY POLICE OR BY TOL]AT$ P>AMILIT>IES LIKE ! ,KLAN7 IS NOT AN EXCEPTIONAL OCCURR5CE 9 A LONG HI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVE1 BUT A TRI$ & TRUE =M ( RESI/ANCE1 & ONE ( ! ONLY ?AT HAS BR\<T RESULTS1 9 ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T & E>LI]4 

,:AT REMA9S IS TO SPEAK AB\T POSSIBILITIES ?AT >E RADICALLY EXT]NAL TO ! SELF-REGULAT+ CYCLE ( TRAG$Y & RE=M4 ,:AT REMA9S IS TO SPEAK L\DLY & CLE>LY AB\T A WORLD )\T POLICE4 

,WE DON'T WANT BETT] POLICE4 ,WE DON'T WANT TO FIX ! POLICE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE UND]/& ?AT ! POLICE WORK QUITE WELL2 !Y SIMPLY DO NOT WORK = US & !Y NEV] HAVE4 ,WE WANT TO GET RID ( ! POLICE 5TIRELY1 & WE WANT TO LIVE 9 A WORLD :]E POLICE >E NOT NECESS>Y4 

,F> FROM BE+ A NAIVE POSITION1 ,I BELIEVE IT IS ! ONLY ONE ?AT CAN )/& S]I\S SCRUT9Y1 :E!R 9 ! =M ( A COMPREH5SIVE HI/ORICAL ANALYSIS ( ! ROLE & EVOLUTION ( POLICE & ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( RE=M MOVEM5TS1 OR ( AN EXAM9ATION ( ! BREAD? ( POSSIBILITY ?AT HUMAN SOCIETIES HAVE ALREADY DEMON/RAT$4 

,NO ONE CAN EFFECTIVELY >GUE ?AT ! POLICE >E NECESS>Y 9 AN ABSOLUTE S5SE4 ,!Y >E A RELATIVELY REC5T 9V5TION1 AS F> AS 9/ITUTIONS GO4 ,! ONLY QUE/ION IS :AT K9D ( SOCIETY NE$S POLICE1 & :E!R ?AT K9D ( SOCIETY MAKES ! SY/EMATIC MURD]S1 TORTURE1 BEAT+S1 & SURVEILLANCE WOR? IT4 

,D5NIS ,SULLIVAN & ,L>RY ,TIFFT HAVE COMPIL$ A GREAT DEAL ( 9=MATION ON SOCIETIES ?AT USE V>I\S =MS ( CONFLICT RESOLUTION 9 :I* AN ORGANIZATION SU* AS ! POLICE HAS NO PLACE4 ,FROM ! ,D9E 7,NAVAJO7 TO ! ,SEMAI1 !RE >E DOZ5S ( SOCIETIES--ALL ( !M IMPACT$ TO V>Y+ DEGREES BY ,WE/]N COLONIALISM--?AT HAVE PRACTIC$ RE/ORATIVE OR TRANS=MATIVE JU/ICE1 DEAL+ ) CASES ( CONFLICT OR SOCIAL H>M )\T EV] HAV+ TO BE SO BRUTAL AS TO LOCK PEOPLE UP 9 CAGES OR CREATE AN ELITE BODY DESIGN$ TO SURVEIL PEOPLE OR MOBILIZE ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE AGA9/ ?OSE :O TRANSGRESS SET LAWS4 ,!Y COMP>E NEI<BOR+ SOCIETIES ?AT FACE SIMIL> SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS BUT USE DIFF]5T /RATEGIES = DEAL+ ) H>M1 AS WELL AS ,WE/]N SOCIETIES ?AT MAKE M9IMAL USAGE ( POLIC+ & JUDICIAL APP>ATUSES4 

,A PATT]N ?AT BECOMES IMM$IATELY EVID5T IS ?AT POLICE & PRISONS >E ONLY NECESS>Y 9 SOCIETIES ?AT >E BAS$ ON EXPLOITATION & 9EQUALITY4 ,! POLICE >E NOT AN 9/RUM5T FIT TO PROTECT A SOCIETY2 ON ! CONTR>Y !Y >E AN 9/RUM5T FIT TO PROTECT AN ELITE1 P>ASITICAL CLASS FROM SOCIETY4 ,ANY SOCIETY ) A M9IMAL PRACTICE ( COOP]ATION & SOLID>ITY CAN PROTECT ITSELF FROM 9DIVIDUALS :O W\LD H>M O!RS4 ,A HI]>*ICAL1 MILIT>IZ$ =CE SU* AS ! POLICE1 OR AN 9/ITUTION LIKE ! PRISON DESIGN$ TO REMOVE CONFLICT & TRANSGRESSION FROM ! SOCIAL SPH]E1 ONLY MAKES S5SE :]E !RE IS A P>ASITICAL SOCIAL CLASS ?AT EXI/S 9 ANTAGONISM ) ! RE/ ( SOCIETY1 & NE$S TO MANAGE SOCIAL NORMS ( RI<T & WRONG & MONOPOLIZE VIOL5T =CE 9 ORD] TO PRES]VE ITS P[]4 ,SU* A CLASS ALSO NE$S A JU/ICE ME*ANISM1 SU* AS C\RTS & A LEGISLATIVE BODY1 TO =MALIZE ITS CONCEPTION ( RI<T & WRONG1 & A PROPAG&A ME*ANISM1 :E!R A /ATE RELIGION OR MASS M$IA1 TO 5SURE ?AT ! EXPLOIT$ MAJORITY ID5TIFY ) !IR MA/]S & REPRODUCE ! NORMS ( ! ELITE4 ,:5 A NORMAL P]SON SPEAKS \T AGA9/ ?R[+ ROCKS AT ! POLICE OR DE/ROY+ BUS9ESSES1 !Y >E EXPRESS+ VALUES ?AT ORIG9ATE AT ! TOP ( ! SOCIAL PYRAMID4 

,( C\RSE IT GETS MORE COMPLICAT$ :5 Y\ REALIZE ?AT 9T]E/S >E ALWAYS SUBJECTIVE1 & PEOPLE (T5 GET MORE \T ( ID5TIFY+ ) A L>G] COMMUNITY1 NO MATT] H[ FICTITI\S1 ?AN !Y DO \T ( HAV+ FOOD TO EAT OR A RO( OV] !IR HEADS4 ,9 ! 5D1 EV]YONE FROM ! ,C,E,O TO ! NEWS AN*OR TO ! TAXI DRIV] OR HOMEBUM ) CONV5TIONAL IDEAS ALL P>TICIPATE 9 REPRODUC+ ! SAME SY/EM1 & !Y PROBABLY ALL S9C]ELY BELIEVE 9 ! POSITIONS !Y ESP\SE1 BUT SOME CLE>LY HAVE MORE 9FLU5CE ?AN O!RS1 & CAN BE ID5TIFI$ AS ORIG9ATORS ( C]TA9 ASPECTS ( ! PRES5T SY/EM4 

,!RE=E1 WE >E NOT SPEAK+ = ! MASSES :5 WE ASS]T ?AT ! POLICE & ! PRISONS EXI/ TO CONTROL !M1 BUT WE %\LD ALSO NOT %Y AWAY FROM ESP\S+ A RADICAL POSITION JU/ BECAUSE IT WILL BE UNPOPUL>4 ,WE NE$ TO HAVE FAI? ?AT A GREAT MANY PEOPLE MI<T EV5TUALLY COME TO SUPPORT RADICAL POSITIONS REG>D+ ! POLICE4 ,MANY PEOPLE ALREADY SUPPORT P>TS ( !SE POSITIONS 9TUITIVELY OR IMPLICITLY1 & ! REASON ?AT MORE PEOPLE DON'T1 AT LEA/ NOT EXPRESSLY1 IS ?AT SO FEW PEOPLE CURR5TLY D>E TO DECL>E ! POLICE AN 9TRACTABLE 5EMY ( FRE$OM OR TO OP5LY ADVOCATE A WORLD )\T POLICE4 ,AT ?IS JUNCTURE1 ! LA/ ?+ ?AT WE NE$ IS = MORE PEOPLE TO ESP\SE TEPID1 9ANE SUGGE/IONS = RE=M ?AT >E COMPLETELY UNT5ABLE & UNREALI/IC4 ,BUT AS LONG AS PROPOSALS = MEAG] RE=M >E TAK5 S]I\SLY1 ?AT'S :AT WE'LL GET4 

,WE CAN'T GET RID ( POLICE BRUTALITY )\T GETT+ RID ( ! POLICE1 & WE CAN'T GET RID ( ! POLICE )\T GETT+ RID ( AN 5TIRE SY/EM BAS$ ON EXPLOITATION1 OPPRESSION1 & HI]>*Y4 ,!RE IS NO EASY1 B&-AID SOLUTION TO ?IS PROBLEM1 & B&Y+ !M AB\T ONLY P]PETUATES ! PROBLEM4 ,=EGR\ND+ DIFFICULT1 F>-REA*+ *ANGES DOES NOT MEAN1 H[EV]1 FIXAT+ AN AB/RACT GAZE ON A PRE-DESIGN$ FUTURE & BL9D+ \RSELVES TO IMM$IATE PROBLEMS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE NE$ TO FOCUS ON H[ WE FI<T N[ = A BETT] WORLD1 & P>T ( ?AT MEANS AVOID+ =MS ( ACTION ?AT MAKE REAL *ANGES EV5 MORE IMPROBABLE4 

,AS ,I >GU$ 9 ,P>T ,I,I1 MO/ ( :AT WAS A*IEV$ 9 ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS MOVEM5T 9 T]MS ( %ORT-T]M *ANGES WAS A*IEV$ :5 PEOPLE >M$ !MSELVES1 TOOK OV] !IR /REETS1 & F\<T BACK )\T WORRY+ AB\T RUL+ CLASS TABOOS AGA9/ L[] CLASS VIOL5CE4 ,IF WE FI<T = TOTAL SOCIAL TRANS=MATION )\T PROPOS+ NAIVE RE=MS1 ?OSE 9 P[] WILL TRIP OV] !MSELVES TRY+ TO BUY US (F ) QUICK FIXES & OPPORTUNITIES TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! SY/EM4 

,?IS 9 FACT IS H[ MO/ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 9 HI/ORY HAVE GONE D[N4 ,:ATEV] IMPROVEM5TS HAVE BE5 WON W]E ACTUALLY WON BY ?OSE :O F\<T = RADICAL POSITIONS1 US+ UNCOMPROMIS+ ME?ODS & AGGRESSIVE TACTICS1 ?\< ! VICTORIES W]E CLAIM$ BY ! RE=M]S1 :O T5D TO BE A COMB9ATION ( DISSID5T MEMB]S ( ! RUL+ /RUCTURES1 OPPORTUNI/S :O WI% TO CLIMB ! SOCIAL LADD]1 & S9C]E PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 DUP$ BY A DISC\RSE ( PRAGMATISM4 ,!IR [N ME?ODS >E TOO S$ATE TO %AKE ?+S UP & =CE A *ANGE1 9 FACT !IR TIMIDITY DEMON/RATES TO AU?ORITY ?AT !Y >E ULTIMATELY A LOYAL OPPOSITION UNDES]V+ ( REPRESSION4 ,!Y MU/ RIDE ! COATTAILS ( ! RADICALS 9 ORD] TO BE 9 POSITION :5 ! RUL]S REALIZE ?AT SOME *ANGE IS NECESS>Y 9 ORD] TO AVOID AN ACTUAL REVOLUTION4 ,! REASON ?AT !SE MOVEM5TS ALWAYS /OP AFT] AN 9COMPLETE RE=M1 & ?AT ! MO/ 9EFFECTIVE SECTORS ( !SE MOVEM5TS T5D TO GET ! CR$IT1 IS BECAUSE ! RE=M]S HAVE A T5D5CY TO ?R[ ! RADICALS UND] ! BUS1 HELP+ ! ,/ATE ELIM9ATE !M 9 EX*ANGE = ACCESS TO P[] 9 ITS NEWLY RE=M$ CONFIGURATION4 ,AFT] ALL1 :O BETT] TO DISC]N :AT RE=M WILL BE/ FOOL ! PEOPLE ON BOTTOM ?AN SOMEONE :O HAS REC5TLY COME UP FROM ! BOTTOM8 

,I PREVI\SLY M5TION$ ?AT A POLICE APP>ATUS CANNOT EXI/ )\T A HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY1 A PRISON SY/EM1 A JU/ICE SY/EM1 & SOME K9D ( CULTURE 9DU/RY1 :E!R RELIGI\S OR M$IATIC4 ,ALL ( !SE 9/ITUTIONS DEF5D A RUL+ /RUCTURE AGA9/ ! CONFLICTS G5]AT$ BY ITS ANTAGONI/IC POSITION T[>DS SOCIETY4 ,MOD]N DEMOCRACIES GO A /EP FUR!R1 H[EV]2 IF CONFLICT ) SOCIETY IS 9EVITABLE1 :Y NOT MANAGE IT RA!R ?AN TRY+ TO SUPPRESS IT8 

,9 ,F]GUSON1 ! MANAG]S ( SOCIAL CONFLICT W]E 9 L>GE P>T ?OSE ACTIVI/S :O PREA*$ NONVIOL5CE & D5\NC$ ! RIOT]S1 AS ,I M5TION$ 9 ,P>T ,I4 ,BUT !RE IS AN IMPORTANT K9D ( MANAGEM5T ,I NEGLECT$ TO M5TION4 

,?OSE ( US :O >E CRITICAL ( ! MASS M$IA MAY HAVE A H>D TIME EXPLA9+ ! SYMPA!TIC POSITION ?AT ,TIME ,MAGAZ9E OR ,ROLL+ ,/ONE OCCASIONALLY TOOK ) ! RIOT]S4 ,( C\RSE1 A C\PLE >TICLES H>DLY MAKE UP = ?\S&S ( SYNDICAT$ COLUMNS OBJECTIVELY REF]+ TO RIOT]S AS SOME K9D ( PA?OLOGICAL P>ASITE1 RADIO HO/S CALL+ LOOT]S 0IDIOTS0 & WORSE1 ,T,V SPOTS SPREAD+ FE> AB\T SAVAGE HORDES ( DEMONS & \TSIDE AGITATORS1 DAYS LONG ,N,P,R M>A?ONS URG+ PEACEFUL PROTE/1 & SO ON4 ,NONE!LESS1 ! PH5OM5ON IS CURI\S AS WELL AS SIGNIFICANT4 ,9 ! CASE ( ,ROLL+ ,/ONE1 WE C\LD SUPPOSE ?AT ?IS OLD E/ABLI%M5T RAG IS AFRAID ( ALL ! GR\ND IT HAS LO/ 9 ! RISQUE NEWS NI*E TO DYNAMIC NEWCOM]S LIKE ,VICE2 H[EV] ! EXPLANATION W\LD BE 9SUFFICI5T4 

,! SEEM+LY SUBV]SIVE BEHAVIOR ( A FEW \TLI]S IS H>DLY UNPREC$5T$4 ,9 ! REC5T 9SURRECTION 9 ,GREECE1 A L>GE P>T ( ! M$IA EXPRESS$ SYMPA?Y ) ! RIOT]S1 ALBEIT 9 A V]Y =MULAIC WAY4 ,9 ! M$IA L5S1 Y\NG /UD5TS W]E JU/IFIABLY PROTE/+ 9 ! /REETS AFT] ! POLICE MURD] ( #a#e-YE>-OLD ,ALEXIS ,GRIGOROP\LOS1 AN>*I/S W]E HIJACK+ ! EV5T TO BURN POLICE /ATIONS1 & IMMIGRANTS W]E TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! SITUATION TO LOOT /ORES4 ,NONE ( !SE *>ACT]IZATIONS >E BAS$ ON FACT4 ,MILLIONS ( Y\NG PEOPLE & OLD1 ,GREEKS & IMMIGRANTS1 P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! UPRIS+1 9 A V>IETY ( WAYS4 ,MANY /UD5TS LOOT$1 MANY IMMIGRANTS WALK$ ALONG ) PROTE/S4 ,A FREQU5TLY EXPRESS$ S5TIM5T WAS ?AT P>TICIPATION 9 ! 9SURRECTION BLURR$ ALL ( !SE PRE-E/ABLI%$ ID5TITIES1 9 :I* CASE ! M$IA OP]ATION CLE>LY 9T5D$ TO REASS]T !M4 ,) ALL ?REE SUBJECTS1 ! M$IA C>ICATURE REF]S TO A PREFABRICAT$ FIGURE ?AT ! 5TIRE POPULATION WAS ALREADY FAMILI> )--! SOCIALLY CONC]N$ /UD5T1 ! PYROMANIAC AN>*I/1 ! CRIM9AL IMMIGRANT--?AT ONLY EV] EXI/$ ON ! GL[+ SCRE51 BECAUSE IT WAS ! M$IA !MSELVES ?AT CREAT$ IT4 ,?AT'S ! BRILLIANCE ( ! M$IA3 !Y R>ELY HAVE TO V]IFY !IR CLAIMS1 BECAUSE !Y OP]ATE )9 A VIRTUAL UNIV]SE ?AT !Y !MSELVES HAVE CREAT$4 

,9 ! ,GREEK EXAMPLE1 IT IS OBVI\S :Y ! M$IA W\LD SYMPA?IZE ) /UD5T RIOT+3 TO DISC\RAGE NON-/UD5TS FROM P>TICIPAT+ OR ID5TIFY+ ) ! UPRIS+2 & TO E/ABLI% A LIMIT ( ACCEPTABLE TACTICS1 IMPLICITLY CRIM9ALIZ+ ! LOOT+ & ! ATTACKS ON POLICE /ATIONS4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! 9T5SITY ( /REET FI<T+ OV] ?REE UN9T]RUPT$ WEEKS WAS =C+ ! GOV]NM5T TO CONSID] CALL+ 9 ! MILIT>Y4 ,!Y W]E WILL+ TO TOL]ATE BURN+ B>RICADES & ILLEGAL PROTE/S IF ?+S DIDN'T GO FUR!R4 

,LIKEWISE1 :5 PEOPLE />T TO BR+ GUNS TO PROTE/S AS 9 ,F]GUSON1 !RE WILL BE ?OSE AMONG ! =CES ( LAW & ORD] :O BEG9 TO SEE ! WISDOM 9 TOL]AT+ ! SMA%+ ( BANKS4 ,IT'S NOTEWOR?Y ?AT ! M$IA ONLY BEG9 TO /OMA* PROP]TY DE/RUCTION :5 TALK ( %OOT+ BACK BEG9S TO RESONATE ?R\<\T SOCIETY4 ,& ?\< )9 ! CONF9ES ( ,AM]ICAN DIALOGUE1 IT FEELS LIKE A BREA? ( FRE% AIR ?AT ,TIME ,MAGAZ9E W\LD SYMPA?IZE ) RIOT]S1 IT IS A MORE OR LESS CALCULAT$ MOVE ?AT FUNCTIONS TO LIMIT ! GR[? ( RESI/ANCE4 ,EV5 IF ! $ITORS ( A MAGAZ9E >E NOT S*EM+ CONSCI\SLY & EXPLICITLY AB\T H[ TO MA9TA9 SOCIAL CONTROL1 !Y >E /ILL 9DIVIDUALS ) A VE/$ 9T]E/ 9 ! CURR5T SY/EM4 ,PEOPLE FI<T+ FI]CELY = !IR FRE$OM1 UNLIKE ?OSE :O COMPULSIVELY WALK 9 CIRCLES OR /AGE DIE-9S1 (T5 =CE A RECOGNITION ( !IR HUMANITY & W9 A LIMIT$ SYMPA?Y FROM !IR 5EMIES4 ,!Y ALSO MAKE ! EXI/5CE ( A SOCIAL CONFLICT UND5IABLE4 ,9 SU* A CASE1 PEOPLE 9 P[] MAY COME TO ACCEPT TACTICS ?AT !Y HAD PREVI\SLY CONDEMN$1 TO ACKN[L$GE ]RORS !Y HAD PREVI\SLY D5I$1 BUT !IR CONDEMNATION ( =MS ( REBELLION ?AT >E IRREV]SIBLY DE/ABILIZ+ WILL ONLY CRY/ALLIZE4 ,PEOPLE CAN BE P]MITT$ TO BL[ (F /EAM1 EV5 9 ILLEGAL WAYS1 BUT !Y CANNOT BE P]MITT$ TO BLUNT OR SABOTAGE ! 9/RUM5TS ( ! ,/ATE4 ,& :5 ! POLICE CONFRONT AN >M$ POPULATION1 !Y >E SUDD5LY MU* LESS EFFECTIVE4 

,ANO!R WAY ?AT EXCEPTIONAL DISS5T MI<T MANIFE/ IS 9 ! REALM ( DISC\RSE & RESE>*4 ,I AM BY NO MEANS ! FIR/ P]SON TO EXPRESS ! IDEA ?AT ! POLICE %\LD BE ABOLI%$1 NOR IS ?IS IDEA 5TIRELY /RANGE 9 ACCEPTABLE DISC\RSE AMONG PEOPLE :O >E MU* BETT] DRESS$ ?AN ,I AM4 ,H[EV] ! ELABORATION ( !SE DISC\RSES MU/ BE C\*$ 9 C]TA9 WAYS TO SIGNAL !IR USEFULNESS TO ! ,/ATE1 & !IR SEP>ATION FROM COMMUNITIES 9 /RUGGLE4 

,IF WE ASS]T ?AT IT IS NOT P]MITT$ TO SPEAK ( A WORLD )\T POLICE1 ?IS IS ONLY TRUE IF WE UND]/& ! POLICE AS ONE FUNCTION 9 AN 9T]LOCK+ SY/EM ( DOM9ATION1 & ! ABOLITION ( ! POLICE MEANS ! ABOLITION ( ?AT 5TIRE SY/EM4 ,O!RWISE1 !RE IS A GREAT DEAL ( RESE>* & DEBATE ?AT MAPS \T ! POSSIBILITIES ( PRISON ABOLITION OR AN 5D TO POLIC+ AS WE KN[ IT4 ,BUT :AT IS ! ACTUAL MEAN+ & EFFECT ( ?IS DISC\RSE8 

,I W\LD />T BY >GU+ ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ?OSE :O CONDUCT ?IS !ORETICAL LABOR HAVE GOOD 9T5TIONS4 ,BUT WE ALSO KN[ :AT !Y SAY AB\T GOOD 9T5TIONS1 & ! PAV+ /ONES ON ! ROAD TO HELL >E NOT NE>LY AS SUB/ANTIAL AS ! ONES BE+ ?R[N AT COPS 9 ,F]GUSON & ELSE:]E4 ,) ?IS FACILE FIGURE ( SPEE*1 ,I ACTUALLY MEAN TO SUGGE/ A DIFF]5T CRIT]ION = EVALUAT+ \R ACTIONS4 

,I GLADLY ADMIT ?AT ! 9=MATION PRODUC$ BY ACADEMICS OR ACTIVI/S :O !ORIZE AB\T PRISON ABOLITION OR A WORLD )\T POLICE IS ?\<T-PROVOK+ & USEFUL4 ,I HAVE CIT$ A FEW EXAMPLES ( IT 9 ?IS ESSAY4 ,BUT JU/ AS WE MU/ ASK :Y ,TIME ,MAGAZ9E W\LD SYMPA?IZE ) RIOT]S1 WE %\LD ASK :Y !RE EXI/ PAID POSITIONS = PEOPLE TO /UDY PRISON ABOLITION4 ,EI!R CAPITALISM ISN'T A TOTALITY1 OR ! PRISONS & ! POLICE >E NOT AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( P[]1 OR P[] B5EFITS SOMEH[ BY /UDY+ ITS [N ABOLITION4 

,I BELIEVE ! ANSW] LIES BETWE5 ! SECOND & ! ?IRD POSSIBILITIES4 ,EV5 ?\< ! ABOLITION ( PRISONS IS NOT A LIKELY FUTURE1 FROM ! PRES5T VANTAGE1 DEMOCRATIC CAPITALISM 9CREASES ITS *ANCES = SURVIVAL BY EXPLOR+ CONT+5CY PLANS = EXTREME CASES1 & BY GIV+ OPPON5TS EMPLOYM5T OPPORTUNITIES4 ,! ADVANTAGE IS 9CREAS$ IF 0PRISONS0 OR 0POLICE0 CAN BE DISCURSIVELY TRANS=M$ FROM AN 9TEGRAL ELEM5T ( A :OLE SY/EM 9TO A P>TICUL> APP5DAGE ?AT CAN BE DISC>D$ OR MODIFI$4 ,& !RE >E FEW ME?ODS ( DISC\RSE MORE SUIT$ TO C>RY+ \T ?IS TRANS=MATION ?AN ! ACADEMIC--:I* FAVORS SPECIFICITY & AN ANALYSIS ( P>TS OV] :OLES--& ! ACTIVI/--:I* T5DS T[>DS S+LE-ISSUE MESSAG+ ?AT FAVORS ! MYOPIC OV] ! RADICAL4 

,SOMEONE 9 ! ACADEMY OR 9 ! WORLD ( PR(ESSIONAL ACTIVISM CAN /UDY ! POLICE = ALL ! RI<T REASONS1 P]SONALLY HOLD+ A GLOBAL ANALYSIS ( ! 9TEGRAL ROLE ( POLICE )9 A GREAT] :OLE1 BUT ! 9/ITUTIONAL =MULAS ( APPLY+ = GRANTS1 PUBLI%+ >TICLES1 & CLAIM+ CONCRETE IMPROVEM5TS ALL MODULATE ?OSE 9DIVIDUALS' ACTIVITY TO FAVOR A PIECEMEAL WORLDVIEW & TO DIRECT DISC\RSE AT O!R P[]-HOLD]S4 

,IT MAY S\ND LIKE A PLATITUDE BUT ,I BELIEVE EXP]I5CE 9 /RUGGLE BE>S IT \T3 Y\ CANNOT ABOLI% ?AT ) :I* Y\ DIALOGUE4 ,/ATE AU?ORITY ABOVE ALL ?RIVES ON BE+ PRES5T 9 EV]Y SOCIAL CONV]SATION4 ,A CONV]SATION ) EMPLOY]S1 LEGISLATORS1 GRANT-WRIT]S1 OR EXP]TS AB\T ! ABOLITION ( ! POLICE NECESS>ILY ASSUMES ! REPLACEM5T ( ONE =M ( POLIC+ ) ANO!R4 

,! MOD]N PRISON WAS BORN \T ( ! ABOLITION ( ! SCAFFOLD4 ,COMMUNITY POLIC+ WAS A SURVIVAL ME*ANISM AFT] ! DEFEATS & ! UNPOPUL>ITY ( ! POLICE CAUS$ BY ! /RUGGLES ( ! '#fS4 ,! DANG] IS REAL4 

,EV5 )\T A F>-REA*+ RE=M ?AT ALL[S ! P[]FUL TO REG5]ATE !IR ME?ODS = ACCUMULAT+ P[]1 RADICAL DISC\RSES 9 PR(ESSIONAL *ANNELS PRES5T O!R PROBLEMS4 ,ONE ,I HAVE ALREADY H9T$ AT CAN BE ?\<T ( AS MISDIRECTION4 

,LET'S IMAG9E AN ORGANIZATION ?AT FOCUSES ON PRISON ABOLITION4 ,!IR EMPLOYES >E S9C]E1 D$ICAT$ ACTIVI/S1 SOME ( !M PROV5 VET]ANS ( PA/ /RUGGLES4 ,NE>LY ALL ( !M >E COLLEGE GRADUATES1 & SOME MI<T BE ACADEMICS2 O!RWISE !Y /AY 9 CLOSE CONTACT ) ! EXP]TS :O PRODUCE FACTS ?AT MAKE IT EASI] TO >GUE = PRISON ABOLITION 9 POLITE CIRCLES4 ,!Y PRODUCE MANY VALUABLE MAT]IALS ?AT CAN BE USEFUL = SUPPORT+ PRISON]S OR *ANG+ PEOPLE'S OP9IONS AB\T ! PRISON SY/EM1 & !Y MAY EV5 HAVE A PILOT PROJECT ON A C\PLE BLOCKS 9 A SPECIFIC NEI<BORHOOD1 DESIGN$ TO DECREASE RELIANCE ON ! PRISON 9DU/RIAL COMPLEX4 

,TAK5 9DIVIDUALLY1 ALL ( !SE ?+S >E GREAT4 ,WE NE$ MORE PEOPLE :O >E TALK+ AB\T A WORLD )\T PRISONS4 ,BUT ! IDEAS ?AT ?IS HYPO!TICAL ORGANIZATION SPREADS1 H[ DO !Y DIRECT PEOPLE'S ATT5TIONS1 P>TICUL>LY 9 A MOM5T ( SOCIAL REBELLION8 

,:5 SU* AN ORGANIZATION1 ) PAID /AFF1 NONPR(IT /ATUS1 CR$1 BUT ALSO RULES TO PLAY BY & BILLS TO PAY1 PROCLAIMS ?AT 0,WE NE$ TO ABOLI% ! POLICE & ! PRISONS10 :AT IS ! PRACTICAL IMPLICATION8 0,!RE=E ?IS ORGANIZATION %\LD RECEIVE MORE GRANTS & ?IS LAW %\LD NOT BE PASS$10 OR 0!RE=E !SE PEOPLE :O TOOK UP >MS AGA9/ ! POLICE DES]VE \R SUPPORT08 ,CLE>LY1 IT'S NOT ! LATT]4 

,A PR(ESSIONAL APPROA* TO TACKL+ ! SOCIAL PROBLEMS UND]SCOR$ BY ,F]GUSON R>ELY RETURNS PEOPLE'S 5]GIES & ATT5TIONS TO ! /REETS1 :]E REAL *ANGE IS CREAT$4 ,TRUE1 MO/ ( ! TIME1 WE DON'T HAVE SOME?+ LIKE ,F]GUSON GO+ ON1 SO A PATI5T1 GRADUALI/ ME?OD SEEMS TO MAKE S5SE4 ,H[EV]1 ! CONS]VATISM ( ! PR(ESSIONAL APPROA* (T5 LEADS ACTIVI/S TO PLAY A PACIFY+ ROLE :5 A MOM5T ( 9T5SE /RUGGLE >ISES1 AS WE ABUNDANTLY WITNESS$ ?IS ,AUGU/ & AGA9 9 ,NOVEMB]4 ,ALL ACROSS ! C\NTRY1 EV5 :]E !Y REFRA9$ FROM D5\NC+ RIOT]S1 ACTIVI/ ORGANIZATIONS CALL$ = VIGILS & SPEAK-\TS1 :5 IT WAS CLE> ?AT ! TIME = M]E WORDS HAD PASS$4 ,DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY1 !SE MOBILIZATIONS ALL[$ A MIDDLE-CLASS CON/ITU5CY TO MONOPOLIZE ! SOCIAL RESPONSE & PREV5T RIOT+1 AT A TIME :5 AN UNPREC$5T$ NUMB] ( PEOPLE W]E READY TO FI<T BACK4 

,:AT'S MORE1 ! ASSUMPTIONS >E ALL WRONG4 ,F]GUSON IS ONLY EXCEPTIONAL 9 ITS EXT5SION1 NOT 9 ITS SPIRIT4 ,NOT A MON? GOES BY :5 SOMEONE DOES NOT %OOT BACK AT ! POLICE 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,MO/ ( ! TIME1 H[EV]1 !Y >E A LONE %OOT]1 !Y (T5 KILL !MSELVES OR DIE 9 ! ACT1 & ! M$IA ALWAYS PUBLI% UNSAVORY DETAILS AB\T !IR P]SONAL LIVES1 TRUE OR 9V5T$4 ,!Y ALSO PORTRAY ! COPS AS H]OES1 NO MATT] :AT K9D ( PEOPLE !Y ACTUALLY W]E1 & !Y NEV] 5T]TA9 ! POSSIBILITY ?AT ! %OOT]S W]E JU/IFI$1 AS !Y ALWAYS DO :5 IT'S COPS DO+ ! MURD]+ 7ACTUALLY1 ?IS IS TOO *>ITABLE A DESCRIPTION2 MANY M$IA \TLETS ASS]T FROM ! BEG9N+ ?AT ! KILL+ WAS JU/IFI$1 NOT EV5 ALL[+ A DEBATE74 ,! REC5T %OOT+ ( ! TWO COPS 9 ,N,Y,C FITS ! PATT]N P]FECTLY1 BUT E>LI] CASES LIKE ?AT ( ,*RI/OPH] ,MON=T 9 ,SEATTLE1 ,]IC ,FRE9 9 ,P5NSYLVANIA1 OR ,*RI/OPH] ,DORN] 9 ,L,A ALSO APPLY4 ,NONE ( ?IS %\LD BE SURPRIS+4 ,!RE IS A C]TA9 S*IZOPHR5IA 9 A SOCIETY ?AT GLORIFIES ! POLICE & SUPPRESSES OR DI/ORTS ANY HONE/ CONV]SATION AB\T :AT PEOPLE ACTUALLY EXP]I5CE AT ! H&S ( POLICE & :AT SORT ( C\NT]MEASURES >E ADEQUATE OR JU/IFI$4 ,IF L>GE NUMB]S ( ALI5AT$ PEOPLE FEEL 5TIRELY ALONE 9 !IR BRUTALIZATION & DEHUMANIZATION BY POLICE1 COLLECTIVE RESI/ANCE BECOMES IMPOSSIBLE4 ,! ONLY PEOPLE TO EXPRESS AN ACTIVE NEGATION ( ! POLICE WILL BE 9DIVIDUALS :O REA* A C]TA9 LIMIT & !N SNAP4 ,BY ! V]Y NATURE ( ! PROBLEM !Y >E NOT GO+ TO BE ! /ABLE ONES1 ESPECIALLY IF M5TAL HEAL? IS DEF9$ AS AN 9F9ITE CAPACITY TO ACCOMODATE MIS]Y4 

,9 ,F]GUSON1 RIOT]S SPRAYPA9T$ ! ,Q,T ) ! PHRASE1 0FREE ,KEV9 ,JOHNSON01 REF]R+ TO A BLACK MAN FROM AN AGGRESSIVELY G5TRIFY+ ,/4 ,L\IS SUBURB :O IS ON DEA? R[ S9CE #b#h4 ,JOHNSON %OT TO DEA? AN 9FAM\S BULLY ( A COP :O REFUS$ TO HELP HIS KID BRO!R AS HE LAY DY+ FROM A HE>T CONDITION4 ,!RE IS A DIRECT CONNECTION BETWE5 :AT >E PORTRAY$ AS ISOLAT$ \TBUR/S ( S5SELESS VIOL5CE1 & ! MASSIVE REBELLIONS ?AT =CE SOCIETY TO AT LEA/ /OP & PAY ATT5TION4 ,I DON'T1 H[EV]1 SEE ! PR(ESSIONALS MAK+ ?IS CONNECTION4 ,TYPICALLY !Y >E EI!R SIL5T OR HELP PA?OLOGIZE ! LONE WOLVES4 ,! TRAG$Y IS1 SU* 9CID5TS >E ONLY ISOLAT$ AS LONG AS PEOPLE 9 P[] ,& PEOPLE 9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS CONT9UE TO ACTIVELY ISOLATE !M4 

,RECOGNIZ+ ! BASIC LEGITIMACY ( !SE ACTS ISN'T TO GLORIFY ! %OOT]S AS H]OES4 ,!RE IS SOME?+ SAD 9 ANY DEA?1 NO MATT] :O ! VICTIM IS1 & WE'RE 9 DIRE /RAITS :5 ! ONLY AVAILABLE MEANS ( RESI/ANCE ?AT PEOPLE ?9K !Y HAVE >E DIRECTLY SUICIDAL4 ,! PO9T IS1 !RE IS A DIRECT CONNECTION BETWE5 ! SY/EMATIC BRUTALITY ( POLICE & ! APPE>ANCE ( PEOPLE :O %OOT BACK4 ,D5Y+ IT ONLY MA9TA9S ! S*IZOPHR5IC CONDITION ?AT =CES US TO PA?OLOGIZE A S5SIBLE HUMAN RESPONSE TO SY/EMATIC ABUSE1 PRES]VES \R PSY*OLOGICAL LOYALTY TO A SY/EM ?AT TREATS US LIKE FODD]1 & PREV5TS ! DEVELOPM5T ( COLLECTIVE MEASURES4 

,!RE HAVE BE5 ATTEMPTS 9 ! ,U,S TO DEVELOP & SPREAD ME?ODS ( RESI/ANCE TO POLICE ?AT >E COLLECTIVE1 ?AT BROOK NO COMPROMISE1 & ?AT >E LESS DANG]\S1 LESS SUICIDAL1 ?AN ! ME?OD ( ! LONE GUNM54 ,! BE/ KN[N IS PROBABLY ! 0BLACK BLOC40 ,& ?\< IT IS CLE>LY AN IMP]FECT TOOL1 ! BLOC TYPICALLY FACES BLANKET D5UNCIATIONS BY PEOPLE :O MAKE NO ATTEMPTS TO PROPOSE ALT]NATIVES4 ,9 ,N,G,O-L&1 ! TROPE ?AT HAS BE5 CIRCULAT$ IS ?AT ! BLACK BLOC IS ! DOMA9 ( Y\NG :ITE M54 ,NEV] M9D ?AT !RE >E MANY TE/IMONIALS BY WOM51 QUE]1 & TRANS PEOPLE ATTEMPT+ TO C\NT] ?IS LIE 7& AT GREAT P]SONAL RISK1 S9CE IT REQUIRES SPEAK+ AB\T P]SONAL 9VOLVEM5T 9 AN ILLEGAL ACTIVITY72 NEV] M9D ?AT ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/S HAVE LE>N$ AB\T ! TACTIC NOT ONLY 9 ,EUROPE BUT ALSO 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 :]E IT IS WIDELY POPUL>4 ,! D5UNCIATIONS CANNOT BE TAK5 S]I\SLY AS CRITICISMS BECAUSE !Y DO NOT RELY ON REALI/IC PORTRAYALS ( ! BLACK BLOC1 !Y >E =MULAT$ TO SIL5CE RA!R ?AN TO 5GAGE1 & !Y DO NOT PROPOSE ANY ALT]NATIVES = SEIZ+ SPACE OR COLLECTIVELY FI<T+ BACK AGA9/ POLICE4 

,! EXT5T TO :I* ?IS TROPE HAS BE5 CIRCULAT$ BY ! CORPORATE M$IA REVEALS JU/ H[ LIB]ATORY ! ?9K+ BEH9D IT TRULY IS4 

,BUT ! BLACK BLOC IS JU/ ONE POSSIBILITY AMONG MANY1 & :ILE IT HELPS DEMON/RATORS PROTECT !MSELVES 9 R[DY /REET CONFRONTATIONS1 IT DOES NOT SUGGE/ TO MO/ PEOPLE ! VISION ( ANO!R WORLD4 ,TALK+ AB\T A WORLD )\T POLICE 9 ! H]E & N[1 )\T PAV+ ! WAY = \R [N CO-OPTATION IS A BIG ORD] TO FILL4 ,=TUNATELY1 ! CONV]SATION IS ALREADY ONGO+4 

,WE HAVE ! EXAMPLES ( SOCIETIES ?AT ?RIV$ )\T POLICE1 :I* ,I M5TION$ T[>DS ! BEG9N+ ( ! ESSAY4 ,?OSE /ORIES BELONG TO O!R CULTURES4 ,I DON'T ?9K ,WE/]N]S %\LD USE !M AS MODELS OR AS IDEOLOGICAL CAPITAL1 BUT ,I ?9K WE %\LD RECOGNIZE !IR EXI/5CE1 TO BREAK ! /RANGLEHOLD ?AT ,WE/]N CIVILIZATION HAS OV] DEF9ITIONS ( HUMAN NATURE & HUMAN POSSIBILITY1 & WE %\LD ALSO RECOGNIZE ?AT ?OSE O!R =MS ( BE+ W]E VIOL5TLY 9T]RUPT$ BY PROCESSES ( COLONIZATION ?AT >E /ILL ONGO+4 ,!Y >E NOT M>G9AL1 IDYLLIC /ORIES ( 0PRIMITIVE0 SOCIETIES ) NO BE>+ ON MOD]N REALITY1 !Y >E HI/ORIES ( PEOPLES :O >E /ILL /RUGGL+ = SURVIVAL4 ,IF1 9 ! WORLDS WE DREAM (1 !RE IS NO ROOM = !M TO REASS]T !MSELVES 9DEP5D5T ( \R DESIGNS1 !N :ATEV] WE CREATE WILL ONLY BE A CONT9UATION ( ! ?+ WE >E FI<T+ AGA9/4 

,MORE APPROPRIATE AS 9SPIRATION = \R [N ACTION >E A NUMB] ( /ORIES ( /RUGGLE 9 ,WE/]N OR WE/]NIZ$ C\NTRIES 9 :I* PEOPLE CREAT$ POLICE-FREE ZONES ON ! GR\ND4 ,AFT] ALL1 A HOLI/IC CRITIQUE ( ! POLICE MEANS ?AT BY ! V]Y NATURE ( ! PROBLEM1 WE CANNOT ASK GOV]NM5T TO 9/ITUTE ! NE$$ *ANGES4 ,REAL /EPS T[>DS A WORLD )\T POLICE CAN BE F\ND 9 ! RIOTS 9 ,F]GUSON & O!R CITIES >\ND ! C\NTRY :]E PEOPLE SURPASS$ !IR SELF-APPO9T$ LEAD]S & ACTUALLY F\<T BACK1 RA!R ?AN JU/ MANUFACTUR+ YET ANO!R SPECTACLE ( SYMBOLIC DISS5T4 ,! RIOTS 9 ,F]GUSON W]E NOT ONLY IMPORTANT 9 AN 9/RUM5TAL WAY1 =C+ ALL ( SOCIETY TO CONSID] ! PROBLEM2 !Y ALSO SUGGE/$ ! BEG9N+S ( A SOLUTION AS NEI<BORS CAME TOGE!R 9 SOLID>ITY1 BUILD+ NEW RELATIONS AMONG !MSELVES1 & =CEFULLY EJECT+ POLICE FROM ! NEI<BORHOODS !Y PATROL4 

,*RI/IANIA IS AN AUTONOM\S NEI<BORHOOD ( ,COP5HAG5 ?AT HAS BE5 SQUATT$ S9CE #a#i#g#a4 ,! >EA1 ) NE>LY A ?\S& 9HABITANTS1 ORGANIZES ITSELF 9 ASSEMBLIES1 MA9TA9S ITS [N ECONOMY & 9FRA/RUCTURE1 CLEANS UP ITS TRA%1 PRODUCES BICYCLES & O!R ITEMS 9 COLLECTIVE WORK%OPS1 & RUNS A NUMB] ( COMMUNAL SPACES4 ,!Y ALSO RESOLVE !IR [N CONFLICTS1 & ) ! EXCEPTION ( SOME AGGRESSIVE 9CURSIONS & RAIDS1 ,*RI/IANIA HAS BE5 A POLICE-FREE ZONE = MO/ ( ITS EXI/5CE4 ,9ITIALLY1 ! ,DANI% GOV]NM5T OPT$ = A S(T /RATEGY1 HOP+ ?AT ,*RI/IANIA W\LD EV5TUALLY FALL AP>T ON ITS [N4 ,9 ! SAME ]A1 ! AUTONOM\S MOVEM5T 9 ! ,NE!RL&S & ,G]MANY WAS FI<T+ MAJOR BATTLES TO DEF5D !IR SQUATT$ SPACES1 SOMETIMES DEFEAT+ ! POLICE 9 ! /REETS OR BURN+ D[N %OPP+ MALLS 9 RETRIBUTION = EVICTIONS4 ,9 CONTEXT1 ! ,DANI% APPROA* MADE S5SE4 ,H[EV]1 ,*RI/IANIA ?RIV$4 ,SOME SUSPECT ?AT ! GOV]NM5T WAS BEH9D ! CRISIS ?AT ?REAT5$ ! AUTONOM\S NEI<BORHOOD'S EXI/5CE 9 #aihd :5 A MOTORCYCLE GANG MOV$ 9TO ! POLICE-FREE ZONE TO BEG9 SELL+ H>D DRUGS 7S(T DRUGS HAVE ALWAYS BE5 WIDELY US$ 9 ,*RI/9IA1 :ILE ADDICTIVE DRUGS >E VEHEM5TLY DISC\RAG$74 

,E>LI] 9 ,*RI/IANIA'S HI/ORY1 !RE HAD BE5 A FI]CE DEBATE AB\T H[ TO DEAL ) ! PROBLEM ( DRUGS4 ,OV] 9T5SE OPPOSITION1 A P>T ( ! NEI<BORHOOD DECID$ TO REQUE/ POLICE ASSI/ANCE1 BUT !Y SOON F\ND ?AT ! COPS W]E >RE/+ ! US]S ( NON-ADDICTIVE DRUGS & IGNOR+ OR EV5 PROTECT+ ! PROLIF]ATION ( H>D DRUGS4 ,AFT] ?AT1 ,*RI/IANIA DECID$ TO KEEP ! POLICE \T1 & !IR AUTONOMY WAS WELL E/ABLI%$ BY ! TIME ! MOTORCYCLE GANG MOV$ 94 ,! GANG/]S ?\<T !Y HAD PICK$ AN EASY T>GET3 A NEI<BORHOOD ( HIPPIES :O NOT ONLY DISAV[$ MAK+ USE ( ! POLICE1 !Y ACTIVELY KEPT ! POLICE \T4 ,!SE DRUG-PU%]S1 H[EV]1 HAD FALL5 = CAPITALI/ MY?OLOGY1 :I* PRES5TS US ALL AS ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS1 VULN]ABLE TO ORGANIZ$ DEL9QU5TS1 & !RE=E 9 NE$ ( ! GREATE/ PROTECTION RACKET ( !M ALL1 ! ,/ATE4 ,*RI/IANIA RESID5TS B&$ TOGE!R1 EX]CIS+ ! SAME PR9CIPLE ( SOLID>ITY ?AT WAS AT WORK 9 ALL ! O!R ASPECTS ( !IR LIVES1 F\<T BACK1 & KICK$ ! MOTORCYCLE GANG \T1 US+ A COMB9ATION ( SABOTAGE1 PUBLIC MEET+S1 PRESSURE1 & DIRECT CONFRONTATION4 

,IT IS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ! SAME TOOLS & CAPACITIES ?AT ALL[ US TO FI<T BACK & FREE \RSELVES FROM POLIC+ >E ALSO ! ONES WE NE$ TO PROTECT \RSELVES FROM ! =MS ( H>M ?AT CAPITALI/ DEMOCRACIES PROSECUTE UND] ! RUBRIC ( 0CRIME04 ,CRIME & POLICE >E TWO SIDES ( ! SAME CO94 ,!Y P]PETUATE EA* O!R1 & !Y EA* RELY ON A VULN]ABLE1 ATOMIZ$ SOCIETY4 ,A HEAL?Y SOCIETY W\LD HAVE NO NE$ = POLICE1 NO MORE ?AN IT W\LD LOCK PEOPLE 9 CAGES & HIDE ITS PROBLEMS \T ( SI<T RA!R ?AN DEAL ) ! CONFLICTS & DEFICI5CIES ?AT L$ TO AN ACT ( H>M BE+ COMMITT$ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 

,! MUTUAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 POLICE & CRIME WAS EXQUISITELY REVEAL$ DUR+ ! POPUL> UPRIS+ 9 ,OAXACA 9 #b#f4 ,9 ,JUNE ( ?AT YE>1 POLICE VICI\SLY ATTACK$ ! MASSIVE 5CAMPM5T /AG$ ANNUALLY BY /RIK+ TEA*]S4 ,BUT ! TEA*]S F\<T BACK TOO? & NAIL1 QUICKLY JO9$ BY MANY NEI<BORS4 ,!Y PU%$ POLICE \T ( ,OAXACA ,CITY1 :I* REMA9$ AUTONOM\S = FIVE MON?S ALONG ) L>GE P>TS ( ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,PEOPLE BUILT B>RICADES1 :I* BECAME AN IMPORTANT SPACE = SOCIALIZATION AS WELL AS SELF-DEF5SE1 & !Y ORGANIZ$ TOPILES1 AN 9DIG5\S TRADITION ?AT PROVID$ VOLUNTE]S TO FI<T BACK AGA9/ POLICE & P>AMILIT>IES AS WELL AS TO LOOK \T = FIRES1 ACTS ( ROBB]Y1 OR ASSAULT4 

,! DEF5D]S ( ,OAXACA SOON LE>N$ ?AT ! POLICE W]E RELEAS+ PEOPLE FROM !IR PRISONS ON ! CONDITION ?AT !Y GO 9TO ! CITY TO COMMIT CRIMES4 ,9 PROTECT+ !IR NEI<BORHOODS AGA9/ !SE ACTS1 ! TOPILES DID NOT FUNCTION LIKE ,WE/]N POLICE =CES4 ,!Y PATROLL$ UN>M$1 !Y W]E VOLUNTE]S1 & !Y DID NOT HAVE A PR]OGATIVE TO >RE/ PEOPLE OR IMPOSE !IR WILL1 ! WAY COPS DO4 ,UPON COM+ ACROSS A ROBB]Y1 >SON1 OR ASSAULT1 !IR FUNCTION WAS NOT ONLY ?AT ( FIR/ RESPOND]S1 BUT ALSO TO CALL ON ! NEI<BORS SO EV]YONE C\LD RESPOND COLLECTIVELY4 ,) SU* A /RUCTURE1 IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO 5=CE A LEGAL CODE AGA9/ AN ACTIVITY ) POPUL> P>TICIPATION4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! TOPILES C\LD /OP A /RANG] :O WAS ROBB+ ! /ORE ( A LOCAL1 WORK+ CLASS P]SON 7AS W]E MANY ( ! NEI<BORHOOD /ORES 9 ,OAXACA71 BUT !Y C\LDN'T HAVE /OPP$ ! NEI<BORS !MSELVES FROM LOOT+ A /ORE !Y ALREADY HAD AN ANTAGONI/IC1 CLASSI/ RELATION%IP )1 AS WAS ! CASE 9 ,F]GUSON4 

,PEOPLE 9 ,OAXACA ALSO HAD TO DEF5D !MSELVES FROM POLICE & P>AMILIT>IES1 & !Y DID SO = FIVE MON?S4 ,! TOPILES & MANY O!RS W]E UN>M$4 ,!Y HAD TO FI<T BACK ) ROCKS1 FIREWORKS1 & MOLOTOV COCKTAILS1 MANY ( !M GETT+ %OT 9 ! PROCESS4 ,!IR BRAV]Y ALL[$ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE TO LIVE 9 FRE$OM = FIVE MON?S1 9 A POLICE-FREE1 GOV]NM5T-FREE ZONE1 EXP]IM5T+ ) ! SELF-ORGANIZATION ( !IR LIVES ON SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 & CULTURAL LEVELS4 ,ALL ! BEAUTIFUL ASPECTS ( ! ,OAXACA COMMUNE >E 9SEP]ABLE FROM !IR VIOL5T /RUGGLE AGA9/ POLICE1 9VOLV+ B>RICADES1 SL+%OTS1 MOLOTOV COCKTAILS1 & ?\S&S ( PEOPLE :O FAC$ D[N >M$ OPPON5TS1 OV] A DOZ5 ( !M GIV+ !IR LIVES 9 ! PROCESS4 ,9 ! 5D1 ! ,MEXICAN /ATE HAD TO S5D 9 ! MILIT>Y AS ! ONLY WAY TO CRU% ?IS FL\RI%+ POCKET ( AUTONOMY4 

,IF WE LE>N FROM EXAMPLES LIKE ,*RI/IANIA1 ,OAXACA1 & ,F]GUSON ITSELF1 WE CAN FI<T = A WORLD )\T POLICE & EV]Y?+ !Y REPRES5T1 BEG9N+ H]E & N[ BY CREAT+ BLOCKS1 NEI<BORHOODS1 OR EV5 5TIRE CITIES ?AT >E AT LEA/ TEMPOR>ILY POLICE-FREE ZONES4 ,)9 !SE SPACES WE CAN F9ALLY EXP]IM5T & PRACTICE ) SOLUTIONS TO ALL ! O!R 9T]RELAT$ =MS ( OPPRESSION ?AT PLAGUE US4 

,!RE IS SOME?+ BEAUTIFUL AB\T PEOPLE F9D+ ! C\RAGE TO FI<T BACK AGA9/ A MORE P[]FUL 5EMY1 & PEOPLE ALSO FL\RI% 9 SURPRIS+ WAYS :5 !Y LIB]ATE SPACE & TAKE ! P[] TO ORGANIZE !IR [N LIVES4 ,NEI!R ( !SE ?+S CAN BE OV]EMPHASIZ$4 ,BUT NEI!R %\LD WE ROMANTICIZE4 ,9 ! /REETS ( ,F]GUSON & O!R LIB]AT$ SPACES1 MU* ( ! UGL9ESS ?AT 9FUSES \R SOCIETY RE>S ITS HEAD4 ,BUT DEAL+ ) :AT HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 9VISIBLE OR NORMALIZ$ IS AN 9EVITABLE P>T ( ANY HEAL+ PROCESS1 & \R SOCIETY IS NO?+ IF NOT SICK4 ,CALAMITIES LIKE UPRIS+S & RIOTS CAN BE IMPORTANT CATALY/S 9 PROCESSES ( SOCIAL HEAL+1 & LIB]AT$ SPACES1 BY =CEFULLY CA/+ ASIDE ! PREVI\S REGIME'S NORMS & RELATION%IPS1 ?AT ONLY FUNCTION$ TO REPRODUCE & 9VISIBILIZE ALL ! ONGO+ =MS ( H>M1 CAN GIVE US ! OPPORTUNITY TO CREATE NEW1 HEAL?I] PATT]NS1 & 5GAGE 9 CONV]SATIONS ?AT PREVI\SLY HAD BE5 IMPOSSIBLE4 ,EMP[]+ \RSELVES TO FI<T BACK AGA9/ ?OSE :O HAVE TRAUMATIZ$ US1 LIKE ! POLICE1 CAN BE AN IMPORTANT /EP 9 UPSETT+ OPPRESSIVE RELATIONS1 HEAL+ FROM TRAUMA1 & RE/OR+ HEAL?Y SOCIAL RELATIONS4 

,?IS IS1 H[EV]1 A DANG]\S PROPOSITION4 ,FI<T+ BACK AGA9/ ! POLICE1 ESPECIALLY %OOT+ BACK AT !M1 AS WAS HAPP5+ 9 ,F]GUSON1 IS NOT A SAFE ACTIVITY4 ,*ANGE IS NEV] SAFE4 ,& IF WE CAN SUCCESSFULLY OV]COME ! POLICE TO CREATE A LIB]AT$ ZONE1 ! ,/ATE WILL EV5TUALLY S5D 9 ! MILIT>Y4 ,>E ! SOLDI]S /ILL LOYAL 5\<1 AFT] !SE LA/ W>S1 TO OP5 FIRE ON US8 ,HAS 5\< BE5 DONE TO 5C\RAGE DISS5SION 9 ! RANKS1 OR IS ! GOV]NM5T FIRMLY 9 CONTROL8 ,!RE IS ONLY ONE WAY TO F9D \T4 

,IT IS UND]/&ABLE ?AT MANY PEOPLE W\LD NOT WANT TO FACE ! EXTREME RISKS 9VOLV$ ) UPROOT+ ! OPPRESSIONS ?AT GRIP \R SOCIETY4 ,!RE IS NO?+ WRONG ) BE+ AFRAID1 SO LONG AS Y\ HAVE ! C\RAGE TO ADMIT IT4 ,SOME PEOPLE1 H[EV]1 DO A GREAT DISS]VICE BY MUDDY+ ! WAT]S ) MYOPIC PROPOSALS ?AT HAVE NO HOPE ( MAK+ AN ACTUAL DIFF]5CE4 

,9 ! /REETS1 WE NE$ TO LE>N H[ TO SEIZE SPACE1 TO MAKE SURE ?AT ?OSE :O FI<T BACK >E NEV] ISOLAT$1 TO MAKE COLLECTIVE RESPONSES POSSIBLE SO NO ONE HAS TO REACT 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL1 SUICIDAL WAY AGA91 & TO BUILD A /RUGGLE ?AT HAS ROOM = Y\NG & OLD1 = ! PEACEFUL & ! BELLICOSE1 = ?OSE :O KN[ H[ TO FI<T & ?OSE :O KN[ H[ TO HEAL4 ,IT WILL BE A LONG PROCESS1 & 9 ! MEANTIME1 !RE IS A GREAT NE$ TO SPEAK L\D & CLE> AB\T A WORLD )\T POLICE1 SO EV]YONE WILL KN[ !RE IS ANO!R WAY1 BEYOND ! FALSE ALT]NATIVES ( OB$I5CE OR 9EFFECTUAL RE=M4 

,DECEMB] #b#i1 #bad 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,LE>N+ ,FROM ,F]GUSON -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,LE>N+ ,FROM ,F]GUSON -- ,UPDAT$4 

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