,LEO ,TOL/OY 7#a#h#b#h-#a#i#a7 

#aia 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,]GS,>T1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE  
,9 \R LA/ $ITION WE C>RI$ ! NEWS ?AT ,LEO ,NIKOLAYEVIT* ,TOL/OY HAD DI$ ON ! MORN+ ( #c ,NOVEMB] ?IS YE> 9 ,A/APOVA4 

,WE M5TION$ AT ! TIME SOME?+ :I*1 ALBEIT A MATT] ( 9T]PRETATION1 IS NONE!LESS TRUE3 ! REPORT ( HIS DEA? WAS LIKE A %OOT+ />4 ,T5 DAYS HAVE ELAPS$ S9CE HE DI$ & NOBODY M5TIONS HIM ANY MORE4 

,)9 A FEW YE>S NO ONE \TSIDE ( ! WORLD ( LIT]ATURE PROP]1 :]E HE E>N$ HIS SPURS AS LONG AGO AS #ahfc ) ,W> & ,PEACE & ,ANNA ,K>59A1 WILL HAVE ANY?+ MORE TO SAY AB\T HIS TEA*+S1 HIS PHILOSOPHICAL & MORAL WRIT+S4 ,& RI<TLY SO4 

,BECAUSE HIS 5TIRE PHILOSOPHY BOILS D[N TO A /]ILE ATTEMPT AT AN IMPOSSIBLE REVIVAL ( ,*RI/IANITY & HIS 5TIRE MORALITY F9I%ES 9 ! MO/ MIS*IEV\S TEA*+ ( RESIGNATION & =BE>ANCE1 9 ! DUTY ( NONRESI/ANCE TO EVIL4 .<444.> ,9 HIS EYES1 ! :OLE ESS5CE ( ,*RI/IANITY WAS SUMM$ UP 9 ! ADDRESS ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO LEG5D1 ,*RI/ DELIV]$ TO HIS DISCIPLES ON ! ,M\NT ( ,OLIVES3 

,LIVE 9 PEACE ) ALL & IF ! PEACE IS %ATT]$1 /RIVE TO REE/ABLI% IT4 

,MAN %ALL TAKE BUT ONE WIFE & ON NO ACC\NT MU/ ONE EV] AB&ON ! O!R4 

,MAKE NO OA?S4 

,SUFF] 9SULT & DO NOT REPAY EVIL ) EVIL4 

,DO NOT BREA* ! PEACE1 NOT EV5 TO COME TO ! AID ( Y\R C\NTRY .<444.> 

,9 ! NAME ( !SE FIVE COMM&M5TS ( ! ,LORD1 HE V5TUR$ TO RAIL AT ! *UR*ES :I* 0HAVE NOT ONLY CONT9UALLY MISUND]/OOD ,*RI/'S TEA*+ &1 AS A RESULT ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 HAVE ALWAYS BE5 BITT]LY HO/ILE TO IT0 BUT 0AS *UR*ES1 AS CONGREGATIONS PRE5+ !MSELVES UPON !IR [N 9FALLIBILITY1 !Y >E BLATANTLY ANTI-,*RI/IAN 9/ITUTIONS02 & 9 ! NAME ( ! FIVE COMM&M5TS ( ! ,LORD1 HE HURL$ ?UND]BOLTS AT ! ,/ATE1 ! LAW1 ! POLICE1 ! C\RTS & ! >MY4 ,NOT 9 ! NAME ( HUMANITY1 NOT 9 ! NAME ( FRE$OM1 BUT 9 ,*RI/'S NAME6 ,*RI/ /AT$3 0,JUDGE NOT1 LE/ YE BE JUDG$60 & 9 ,*RI/'S NAME HE REPUDIAT$ C\RTS & JUDGES2 ,*RI/ GAVE TO COMM& 0,?\ %ALT NOT KILL60 & 9 ,*RI/'S NAME HE REJECT$ MILIT>Y S]VICE :I* IS S*OOL+ 9 MURD]2 HE REPUDIAT$ ! /ATE ?AT RULES OV] !SE JAILS4 

,HE REJECT$ ! /ATE & ! LAW BECAUSE !IR RIGORS W]E RES]V$ = ONLY A T9Y1 LIMIT$ RANGE ( ACTIONS REPROA*$ BY MORALITY & PUBLIC OP9ION3 0,EV] S9CE ! TIME ( ,MOSES1 PUBLIC OP9ION HAS BE5 CRITICAL ( SELFI%NESS1 CRUELTY & SELF-9DULG5CE2 IT CONDEMNS SELFI%NESS 9 ALL ITS =MS1 NOT JU/ :5 IT TRESPASSES VIOL5TLY AGA9/ ONE'S NEI<BORS GOODS2 IT CONDEMNS ANY SORT ( =NICATION ) C\RTESANS1 ) DIVORC$ WOM5 AS WELL AS ) LAWFUL SP\SES2 IT CONDEMNS CRUELTY 9 EV]Y %APE2 MI/REATM5T1 HUNG]1 \TRAGES1 NOT M]ELY AGA9/ M5 BUT ALSO AGA9/ ANIMALS2 :]EAS ! LAW CONDEMNS ONLY ,S,O,M,E ( ! =MS ( SELFI%NESS1 ?IEV]Y & FRAUD3 ,S,O,M,E =MS ( SELF-9DULG5CE & CRUELTY1 ADULT]Y1 MUTILATION OR MURD]1 & !REBY LEGITIMIZES ALL O!R =MS ( SELF-9DULG5CE1 SELFI%NESS & CRUELTY40 

,?US ,TOL/OY WAS ABLE TO CONCLUDE ?AT 0RESPECT = ANY LAW IS A SIGN ( ! CRASSE/ IGNORANCE01 NOT ON ! BASIS ( EXCESS BUT RA!R BECAUSE IT IS LACK+ 9 SEV]ITY & AU?ORITY4 

,?IS PR\D /& BY ,TOL/OY AGA9/ ! *UR* & ! /ATE & 9DE$ AGA9/ PROP]TY1 = HE ALWAYS LOOK$ UPON ! RI* AS 0CULPABLE JU/ = BE+ RI*0 L$ MANY TO SUSPECT ?AT ,TOL/OY WAS AN AN>*I/4 ,& ?AT SUSPICION WAS BOL/]$ BY ! OP9IONS ?AT HE >TICULAT$ REG>D+ ! SUMM>Y EXECUTION ( ,ALEX&] ,I,I & ,UMB]TO ,I4 .<444.> 

,TOL/OY WAS NO AN>*I/1 PR9CIPALLY BECAUSE AN>*ISM LOOKS TO A LIFE FRE$ ( EV]Y YOKE ( AU?ORITY1 ( DIV9E AU?ORITY & !N ( HUMAN AU?ORITY1 & HE WAS A BELIEV]1 0A SLAVE ( ,GOD0 AS HE WAS WONT TO DESCRIBE HIMSELF1 BECAUSE AN>*ISM REPRES5TS ! FUTURE & PROGRESS & IS ! HI<E/ =M ( PROGRESS CONCEIVABLE = A MORE CIVILIZ$ HUMAN SOCIETY1 :]EAS HE W\LD DRAG US BACK TO PRIMITIVE ,*RI/IANITY1 :I* IS A =MULA SUP]S$$ BY TW5TY C5TURIES ( EXP]I5CE2 BECAUSE AN>*ISM EMBRACES ALL ( ! HI/ORICAL1 SCI5TIFIC1 ECONOMIC & MORAL FACTORS ?AT REPRES5T ! PATRIMONY ( EXI/+ HUMANITY & USES !M AS ! BASIS ( ITS ?\<TS AB\T ! NEW SOCIETY & IS !RE=E RATIONAL & SCI5TIFIC 9 ITS V]Y HYPO!SES1 :]EAS ,TOL/OYAN !ORY IS !OLOGICAL METAPHYSICS COMPLICAT$ BY AN ABSURDLY ANTI-HUMAN MORALITY2 BECAUSE :]EAS ,TOL/OY URGES HUMILITY1 AN>*ISM SAYS PRIDE2 :]E ,*RI/IANITY SAYS RESIGNATION1 AN>*ISM SAYS REVOLT2 :]E ! =M] URGES REP5TANCE ! LATT] SCREAMS FRE$OM1 WELL-BE+1 & AN 9T5SELY1 9ALI5ABLY FULL LIFE6 ,:AT PREVI\SLY BEFELL ,H]B]T ,SP5C] HAS BEFALL5 ,TOL/OY4 ,9 HIS /RUGGLE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL AGA9/ ! /ATE1 ,H]B]T ,SP5C] NEV] LET SLIP ! *ANCE TO MAKE AN>*I/S ! T>GETS ( HIS S>CASM & 9VECTIVE1 YET NO ONE HAS EV] FURNI%$ AN>*I/S ) MORE 9T]E/+ & EFFECTIVE WEAPONS ( REVOLUTION>Y DE/RUCTION4 

,9 HIS CRUSADE AGA9/ ANY =M ( VIOL5CE SO AS TO EXP$ITE ?R\< RESIGNATION & PASSIVE RESI/ANCE ! ADV5T ( ! 0K+DOM ( HEAV50 H]E ON E>?1 ,TOL/OY HAS 9JECT$ SWIRLS ( OB/REP]\S BLOOD 9TO ! VE9S ( PROLET>IAN REVOLT ) HIS 9EXORABLE CRITICISMS ( ! BASIC 9/ITUTIONS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 

,:I* IS :Y AMONG ?OSE B\RGEOIS :O TRU/ MORE TO ! EFFICACY ( ! K+'S GRAPE%OT ?AN TO ! ,*RI/IAN MESSAGE ( ! APO/LES 444 TW5TY YE>S TOO LATE1 ,LEO ,TOL/OY HAS BE5 =GOTT53 :I* MAY ACC\NT = ! ABUNDANCE ( PI\S OBITU>Y NOTICES 9 SUBV]SIVE NEWSPAP]S & EV5 9 ?OSE SU* AS \R [N :I* NEV] HAD ANY FONDNESS = HIM BUT D>$1 IRREV]5T ICONOCLA/S AS WE >E TO QUE/ION EV5 ! S9C]ITY ( HIS FAI? & APO/OLATE4 

,BECAUSE1 9 ALL HONE/Y1 WE HAD & /ILL HAVE RA!R MORE ?AN SUSPICIONS D\BTS AS TO ! S9C]ITY ( HIS MESSAGE1 & W]E NEV] 5AMOR$ ( IT4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aii 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 7#a#h#b#h-#a#i#a7 -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#b1 #bai 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 7#a#h#b#h-#a#i#a7 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 7#a#h#b#h-#a#i#a7 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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