,LET'S ,DE/ROY ,WORK1 ,LET'S ,DE/ROY ! ,ECONOMY 

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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALFR$O ,M>IA ,BONANNO 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION 

,! OLD WORK E?IC HAS DISAPPE>$ ALONG ) ! MASSIVE OBSOLETE /RUCTURES ( CAPITAL :I* REQUIR$ A P]MAN5T >MY ( PRODUC]S1 YET WORK /ILL HAS F> MORE IMPLICATIONS ?AN M]E SURVIVAL4 ,MILLIONS ( PEOPLE /ILL COMPETE = ! PRIVILEGE ( TURN+ UP DAY AFT] DAY1 YE> AFT] YE>1 TO SURR5D] BODY & S\L 9 EX*ANGE = A WAGE4 ,! ALT]NATIVE3 TO 5C\NT] ONE'S REAL DESIRES & CREATE ! MEANS REQUIR$ TO REALIZE !M1 C\LD PRES5T SOME SURPRISES & LEAD TO UNDREAM$ *OICES4 ,A JOB1 BOR+ OR >DU\S AS IT MI<T BE1 IS ! EASY WAY \T4 ,IT GIVES /RUCTURE TO \R DAY & PUTS ORD] 9 \R EXPECTATIONS1 GIV+ US JU/ 5\< 9 \R POCKETS TO ACQUIRE 9/ANT SUBLIMATION & QUELL ANY SUDD5 SURGE ( HATR$ T[>DS :AT IS /EAL+ \R TIME & \R LIVES4 

,! P]NICI\S MIXTURE ( HATR$ & DEP5D5CY AT ! BASIS ( ! WORK RELATION%IP ATROPHIES ! 9DIVIDUAL1 R$UC+ LIFE TO A QUE/ION ( ACC\NTANCY4 ',FREE TIME'1 A M]E NEGATIVE QUANTITY RANG+ FROM A FEW H\RS BETWE5 DAYS AT WORK1 TO MON?S OR EV5 YE>S BETWE5 JOBS1 CAN BE SURVIV$ BY P]=M+ A NUMB] ( RITUALS4 ,%OPP+1 WAT*+ ,T,V1 DO+ VOLUNT>Y WORK OR GO+ ON ADV5TURE HOLIDAYS TO F> AWAY PLACES CAN FILL GAPS & PREV5T ANY FEEL+S ( ANGUI% :I* MI<T LEAD TO PUTT+ ! :OLE SETUP 9 QUE/ION4 ,IF ALL ELSE FAILS1 CAPITAL'S :ITE-COAT$ AUXILI>IES >E ALWAYS ON H& TO PRESCRIBE ! LATE/ PSY*OTROPIC FIX TAILOR$ TO PRODUCE A DIM GL[ ( 9DIFF]5CE4 

,TE*NOLOGICAL 'PROGRESS' ONCE DE=M$ HUMAN BE+S 9TO RAGG$1 />V+ LABOR]S 7/ILL A REALITY = ! MILLIONS :O PRODUCE ! GLOBAL ECONOMY'S PRIM>Y REQUIREM5TS7 !N 9TO SKILL$ WORK]S ) ACCESS TO CONSUM] GOODS1 & N[ UPROOT$1 FLEXIBLE 'HUMAN RES\RCES' ) ACCESS TO ,MC,DONALD'S1 FLEXTIME1 CR$IT C>DS1 EV5 A MORTGAGE & %>ES 9 ! COMPANY4 ,! ESS5CE ( ?IS NEW SLAV]Y IS ?AT LIFE ITSELF HAS BE5 MORTAG$ TO ! 9T]E/S ( CAPITAL4 ,ANYONE H>BOR+ D\BTS AB\T ! E?ICS ( ?IS REALITY CAN F9D SOLACE 9 SOME ( ITS 'ALT]NATIVE' MANIFE/ATIONS4  ,VOLUNT>Y WORK1 'ALT]NATIVE' BANKS & 'SELFMANAG$' 5T]PRISES N[ EXI/ ALONGSIDE FAM9E1 G5OCIDE & ! DE/RUCTION ( ! PLANET1 ALL EQUALLY 9DISP5SABLE COMPON5TS ( PO/-9DU/RIAL CAPITAL4 

,REMUN]AT$ NON-WORK 7DOLE71 DISMAL PRODUCTION ( SOCIAL PEACE1 IS ALSO A JOB & AN ESS5TIAL P>T ( ?IS :OLE SY/EM :]E ! 9CREASE 9 'FREE TIME' 7ALWAYS OBSCUR$ BY ! %AD[ ( WORK7 IS TA9T$ ) RE/RICT$ FRE$OM ( MOVEM5T 7LACK ( MONEY & /ATUS74 ,EV5 ROBB+ BANKS OR REAPPROPRIAT+ GOODS REMA9S )9 ! LOGIC ( CAPITAL IF ! 9DIVIDUAL P]PETRATOR ( ! DE$ DOES NOT ALREADY HAVE !IR [N PROJECT 9 MOTION4  ,! APPROPRIATION ( \R LIVES 7\R TIME1 \R SPACE71 ONCE SNAT*$ H]E & !RE ?R\< SABOTAGE & ABS5TEEISM1 N[ REQUIRES ! 9V5TION ( A NEW1 CREATIVE PROJECT />T+ FROM ! DE/RUCTION ( WORK1 BO? SUBJECTIVELY & OBJECTIVELY4 ,WE NE$ TIME TO REFLECT ON :AT WE WANT TO DO ) \R LIVES1 & SPACE TO F9D ! NECESS>Y MEANS TO BR+ ?IS AB\T1 ?R\< BO? 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE EXP]IM5TATION4 ,LIFE UNBRIDL$1 A V5TURE 9TO ! ABSOLUTE O!R1 REQUIRES ! TOTAL DE/RUCTION NOT ONLY ( 'MY' WORK1 BUT ( ! V]Y CONCEPT ( WORK & ECONOMY AS ! BASIS ( HUMAN RELATIONS4 

,N[1 IF WE ELIM9ATE WORK AS A REALITY1 IT FOLL[S ?AT WE IMPLICITLY REJECT ! 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS AS A PRIVILEG$ COMPON5T 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE AGA9/ EXPLOITATION & DOME/ICATION4 ,R$UC$ 9 NUMB]1 AB&ON$ BY ! UNIONS & DISMEMB]$ AS A CLASS DUE TO MOBILITY & ! NEW TE*NOLOGIES1 ! SURVIVORS >E PREY TO DEVI\S =MS ( CONTROL ( !IR ACTIONS & !IR M9DS4 ,ACCESS TO CR$IT & CONSUM]ISM HAVE ALSO PLAY$ !IR P>T 9 CON/RUCT+ ! ANT]OOM ( EXI/5TIAL R$UNDANCY = ! PROLET>IAT4 

,ALONG ) ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! WORK+ CLASS AS A DEF9+ =CE 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITAL WE >E ALSO WITNESS+ ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! CONCEPT ( ! CRISIS1 ONCE CONSID]$ TO BE A PRECISE MOM5T 9 ! FUTURE :]E ECONOMIC COLLAPSE & DISORD] W]E TO H]ALD 9 ! REVOLUTION4 ,!RE WAS ! BELIEF1 EV5 AMONG MANY AN>*I/S1 ?AT ONE DAY ?IS W\LD OCCUR1 IT WAS ONLY A QUE/ION ( TIME1 SO ALL ?AT WE HAD TO DO WAS TO SPREAD AN>*I/ IDEAS & PROPAG&A :IL/ AWAIT+ ! GREAT EV5T4 ,WE N[ KN[ ?AT CRISES DO NOT EXI/1 NOT BECAUSE ! WORLD IS 9 P]FECT ORD] BUT BECAUSE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS 9 COMPLETE DISORD]4 ,& IF CAPITAL IS SURVIV+ BY ADAPT+ TO ! *AOS ( ECONOMIC REALITY1 WE CANNOT TALK AB\T PROGRAMM+ OR ECONOMIC 'LAWS'1 OR ?9K ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE AS SOME?+ ?AT HAS 'ALT]NATE PHASES'4 ,!RE >E MOM5TS ( GREAT] OR LESS] 9T5SITY 9 ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 EXPLOIT]S & EXPLOIT$1 BUT !RE IS NO WAY TO MEASURE EXPECTATION4 ,WE MU/ CONCLUDE ?AT ! TIME IS ALWAYS RIPE = ATTACK1 IT IS ONLY ! MEANS WE *OOSE & ! SURR\ND+ CONDITIONS ?AT *ANGE4 

,A CLOS] LOOK AT SU* QUE/IONS CAN 5HANCE \R DE/RUCTIVE PROJECT & GIVE IT FOCUS4 ,9 FACT1 ! ANALYZES PRES5T$ H]E 9 ! =M ( A COLLECTION ( ESSAYS W]E ORIG9ALLY A CONTRIBUTION TO ! LIVELY DEBATE ?AT WAS GO+ ON 9 ,ITALY AT ! TIME !Y W]E WRITT54 ,! LEAD+ >TICLE1 ',LET'S ,DE/ROY ,WORK' WAS FIR/ PRODUC$ 9 LEAFLET =M AS A CONTRIBUTION TO AN EPONYM\S MEET+ 9 ,TUR9 :I* WAS ATT5D$ BY MANY AN>*I/S FROM ,ITALY & BEYOND4 

,WE SEE 9 ?IS FIR/ ANALYSIS H[ 9 ! REC5T PA/ ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ WORK WAS CONTA9$ )9 ! P>AMET]S ( CAPITAL1 :]E WORK]S '/OLE TIME' FROM ! BOSSES 9SIDE ! FACTORY4 ,ALT]NATIVE =MS ( PRODUCTION W]E ALSO EXP]IM5T$1 & ATTEMPTS AT SELF-MANAGEM5T W]E ! ORD] ( ! DAY4 ,H[EV]1 EV]YONE ACT$ )9 ! QUANTITATIVE DIM5SION1 REMA9+ 5CLOS$ )9 ! RE/RICTIVE WORK 5VIRONM5T4 ,! NEW TE*NOLOGIES >E N[ CAUS+ ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ! OLD WORK] ID5TITY & MANY ( ! /RATEGIES ONCE APPLI$ BY WORK]S 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ !IR CONDITIONS >E BE+ IMPLEM5T$ BY ! BOSSES !MSELVES4 ,! DISC\RSE MU/ !RE=E TURN ITSELF AGA9/ WORK TO BECOME A QUALITATIVE1 DE/RUCTIVE PROJECT = ! IMM$IATE TRANS=MATION ( LIFE4 ,M]E DO+ WILL !N GIVE WAY TO FREE ACTION1 :]E EV]Y?+ IS YET TO BE 9V5T$ & EXP]IM5T$4 

,! SUPPORT+ >TICLES1 :I* TACKLE ASPECTS ( ! PRES5T ECONOMY M5TION$ ABOVE1 GIVE CONSID]ABLE 9SI<T & HELP TO DEMY/IFY !SE NEW =MS4 

,IT IS !RE=E MY CONVICTION ?AT ! FOLL[+ ANALYZES DES]VE C>EFUL CONSID]ATION1 & ,I AM WELL AW>E ?AT ?IS WILL REQUIRE A C]TA9 EF=T DUE TO !IR COMPLEXITY1 UNAID$ BY ! LIMITATIONS ( TRANSLATION4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! EF=T C\LD WELL BE REW>D$ ) ! ACQUISITION ( GREAT] CL>ITY1 ESPECIALLY CONC]N+ >EAS ( ACTIVITY :I* CLAIM TO BE 'ALT]NATIVE' *OICES & M]ELY S]VE TO CONFUSE ! ISSUE4 

,!RE CAN NO LONG] BE ROOM = D\BT CONC]N+ ! QUE/ION ( WORK4 ,IT IS TIME TO JOY\SLY BEG9 TO DE/ROY ! COPS 9 \R HEADS ALONG ) EV]Y?+ ELSE ?AT REVOLTS US1 RECKLESSLY MAK+ & BREAK+ \R [N RULES 9 ! URG5T TASK ( DEMOLITION4 

,JEAN ,WEIR 

,*APT] #a4 ,LET'S DE/ROY WORK 

,WORK IS A SUBJECT ?AT IS COM+ BACK 9TO FA%ION 9 A BIG WAY 9 NEWSPAP]S1 ACADEMIC LECTURES1 PAPAL S]MONS1 ELECTORAL SPEE*ES & EV5 >TICLES & PAMPHLETS PRODUC$ BY AN>*I/S4 

,! MA9 QUE/IONS RAIS$ >E3 :AT CAN WE DO AB\T GR[+ UNEMPLOYM5T8 ,H[ CAN WE GIVE MEAN+ TO LO/ PR(ESSIONALISM 9 JOBS ?AT >E UND]GO+ ! EFFECTS ( NEO-9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T8 ,:AT ALT]NATIVES CAN BE F\ND TO REPLACE TRADITIONAL WORK8 ,&1 F9ALLY1 & ?IS IS ! WAY MANY AN>*I/S ?9K1 H[ CAN WE ABOLI% WORK OR R$UCE IT TO ! 9DISP5SABLE M9IMUM8 

,LET US MAKE IT CLE> RI<T AWAY ?AT NONE ( !SE PROBLEMS 9T]E/S US4 ,WE >E NOT CONC]N$ ) ! POLITICAL PROBLEMS ( ?OSE :O SEE UNEMPLOYM5T AS A DANG] TO DEMOCRACY & ORD]4 ,WE DO NOT FEEL ANY NO/ALGIA = LO/ PR(ESSIONALISM4 ,WE >E EV5 LESS 9T]E/$ 9 ELABORAT+ LIB]T>IAN ALT]NATIVES TO GRIM FACTORY WORK OR 9TELLECTUAL LABOR1 :I* >E UNWITT+LY DO+ NO?+ BUT TOE ! L9E ( ! ADVANC$ PO/-9DU/RIAL PROJECT4 ,NOR >E WE = ! ABOLITION ( WORK OR ITS R$UCTION TO ! M9IMUM REQUIR$ = A MEAN+FUL HAPPY LIFE4 ,BEH9D ALL ?IS !RE IS ALWAYS ! H& ( ?OSE :O WANT TO REGULATE \R LIVES1 ?9K = US1 OR POLITELY SUGGE/ ?AT WE ?9K AS !Y DO4 

,WE >E = ! DE/RUCTION ( WORK &1 AS WE WILL TRY TO DEMON/RATE1 ?AT IS QUITE A DIFF]5T MATT]4 ,BUT LET US PROCE$ 9 AN ORD]LY FA%ION4 

,! PO/-9DU/RIAL SOCIETY1 :I* WE WILL COME TO LAT]1 HAS RESOLV$ ! PROBLEM ( UNEMPLOYM5T1 AT LEA/ )9 C]TA9 LIMITS1 BY DISP]S+ ! WORK =CE 9TO FLEXIBLE SECTORS :I* >E EASY TO MANEUV] & CONTROL4  ,9 ACTUAL FACT ! SOCIAL ?REAT ( GR[+ UNEMPLOYM5T IS MORE !ORETICAL ?AN PRACTICAL1 & IS BE+ US$ AS A POLITICAL DET]R5T TO DISSUADE WIDE SOCIAL /RATA FROM ATTEMPT+ TO ORGANIZE 9 WAYS ?AT MI<T QUE/ION ! *OICES ( NEO-LIB]ALISM1 ESPECIALLY AT 9T]NATIONAL LEVEL4 ,SO1 PRECISELY BECAUSE WORK]S >E MU* EASI] TO CONTROL :5 !Y >E SKILL$ & ATTA*$ TO ! WORKPLACE ) C>E] PROSPECTS 9 ! PRODUCTION UNIT1 !RE IS 9SI/5CE EV]Y:]E -- EV5 AMONG ! ECCLESIA/ICAL HI]>*IES -- ON ! NE$ TO GIVE PEOPLE WORK & !REBY R$UCE UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,NOT BECAUSE ! LATT] CON/ITUTES A RISK FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( PRODUCTION1 BUT BECAUSE ! DANG] C\LD COME FROM PRECISELY ?AT FLEXIBILITY :I* IS N[ 9DISP5SABLE TO ! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION TODAY4 ,! FACT ?AT ! WORK] HAS BE5 ROBB$ ( A PRECISE ID5TITY C\LD LEAD TO SOCIAL DIS9TEGRATION1 MAK+ CONTROL MORE DIFFICULT 9 ! M$IUM T]M4 ,?AT IS :AT ALL ! 9/ITUTIONAL FUSS AB\T UNEMPLOYM5T IS REALLY AB\T4 

,9 ! SAME WAY1 ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS NO LONG] REQUIRES A HI< LEVEL ( PR(ESSIONAL TRA9+1 AT LEA/ = ! MAJORITY ( WORK]S4 ,! NE$ = SKILL$ LABOR HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY A DEM& = FLEXIBILITY1 I4E41 AN ADAPTABILITY TO DO TASKS ?AT >E CON/ANTLY BE+ *ANG$1 & WILL+NESS TO MOVE FROM ONE FIRM TO ! O!R4 ,9 %ORT1 !Y MU/ ADAPT TO A LIFE ( *ANGE 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! BOSSES' NE$S4 ,?IS IS N[ BE+ PROGRAMM$ FROM S*OOL ONW>DS1 :]E ! 9/ITUTIONAL CULTURAL ELEM5TS ?AT ONCE CON/ITUT$ ! BASIC TE*NICAL KN[L$GE FROM :I* ! WORLD ( WORK BUILT REAL PR(ESSIONALISM1 >E NO LONG] PROVID$4 ,NOT ?AT !RE IS NO LONG] A NE$ = A HI< LEVEL ( PR(ESSIONALISM4 ,BUT ?IS N[ ONLY APPLIES TO A FEW ?\S& 9DIVIDUALS :O >E TRA9$ 9 PO/GRADUATE C\RSES (T5 FUND$ BY ! BIG COMPANIES !MSELVES 9 !IR ATTEMPT TO SECURE PEOPLE SUITABLE = 9DOCTR9ATION & CONDITION+4 

,UNTIL REC5TLY ! WORLD ( WORK WAS P]MEAT$ ) AN IRON DISCIPL9E3 ! ASSEMBLY L9E1 /RICT CONTROLS BY :ITE COLL> WORK]S1 TO ! PO9T ( SECRET FILES & SACK+ = ANY DEVIATION FROM ! NORM4 ,HOLD+ ON TO A JOB MEANT SUBMISSION1 ACQUIR+ A MILIT>Y-/YLE M5TALITY1 LE>N+ PROC$URES ?AT W]E SOMETIMES COMPLEX1 SOMETIMES SIMPLE1 & APPLY+ !M1 ID5TIFY+ ) !M4 ,IT MEANT CONSID]+ ONE'S SELF1 ONE'S :OLE WAY ( LIFE & EV]Y?+ ?AT MATT]$ 9 ! WORLD 9CLUD+ ONE'S IDEAS & SOCIAL RELATIONS1 TO BE SUMM$ UP 9 !M4 ,! WORK] SP5T MO/ ( HIS TIME 9 ! FACTORY1 MADE FRI5DS ) HIS WORKMATES1 TALK$ AB\T PROBLEMS AT WORK DUR+ HIS TIME (F4 ,HE US$ RECREATIONAL FACILITIES PROVID$ BY ! COMPANY & :5 ! HOLIDAYS CAME R\ND HE 5D$ UP GO+ AWAY ) HIS WORKMATES & !IR FAMILIES4 ,TO COMPLETE ! PICTURE ! L>GE COMPANIES HELD SOCIAL EV5TS & ORGANIZ$ P]IODICAL \T+S TO BR+ FAMILIES TOGE!R4 ,!IR *ILDR5 W5T TO ! SAME S*OOLS1 & ONE ( !M USUALLY 9H]IT$ HIS FA!R'S JOB :5 HE RETIR$4 ,9 ?IS WAY WORK W5T FULL CIRCLE1 AFFECT+ NOT ONLY ! WORK]'S :OLE P]SONALITY BUT ALSO ?AT ( HIS FAMILY1 !REBY CREAT+ COMPLETE ID5TIFICATION ) ! COMPANY4  ,JU/ ?9K ( ! T5S ( ?\S&S ( ,FIAT WORK]S 9 ,TUR9 :O SUPPORT$ ! ,JUV5TUS FOOTBALL TEAM [N$ BY ,FIAT BOSS1 ,AGNELLI1 = EXAMPLE4 ,?IS WORLD HAS N[ DISAPPE>$ = GOOD4 ,EV5 ?\< SOME RESIDUE ( IT /ILL EXI/S1 MO/ ( IT HAS DISAPPE>$ ALONG ) ITS PROJECTUAL UNI=MITY4 ,A PROVISIONAL1 UNC]TA9 WORK RELATION%IP HAS REPLAC$ IT4 ,9SECURITY AB\T ! FUTURE IS A FUNDAM5TAL ELEM5T1 & LACK ( SKILL MEANS ! LACK ( A BASE ON :I* TO PLAN ONE'S LIFE AS A WORK]1 N[ LEFT ) NO PROJECT BEYOND E>N+ 5\< TO MAKE 5DS MEET OR PAY A MORTGAGE4 

,9 ! PA/1 ESCAPE FROM WORK TOOK ! =M ( SE>*+ = ALT]NATIVE WAYS ( PRODUC+ SO AS TO REAPPROPRIATE ! CREATIVITY EXTORT$ BY ! CAPITALI/ ME*ANISM4 ,! MODEL APPLI$ WAS ! REFUSAL ( DISCIPL9E & SABOTAGE ( ! PRODUCTION L9ES 9 ORD] SL[ D[N ! WORK PACE & GET TIME (F -- EV5 IF ONLY M9UTES -- FREE FROM ALI5ATION4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! TIME /OL5 FROM METICUL\S FACTORY SUP]VISION HAD A VALUE AS SOME?+ ALT]NATIVE4  ,JU/ = A MOM5T1 ONE BREA!D FREE FROM ! PRISON-LIKE ATMOSPH]E ( ! FACTORY OR ! (FICE4 ,AS WE CAN SEE1 SU* A WORLD HAS ALMO/ CEAS$ TO EXI/1 & WILL GO FUR!R ALONG ?IS ROAD 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 

,MORE ?AN ?AT4 ,! OLD CONDITIONS DID NOT DIFF] ALL ?AT MU* FROM ! PRIMITIVE FACTORY /RUCTURES -- ! TEXTILE WORKS SET UP ) ! ,BRITI% CAPITAL ?AT HAD BE5 ACCUMULAT$ OV] TWO C5TURIES ( PIRACY -- :]E ! WORK =CE FLEE+ FROM ! ,5GLI% & ,SCOTTI% C\NTRYSIDE LIT]ALLY CAME TO BE 5CLOS$ 5 MASSE4 ,BUT UND] !SE CONDITIONS1 ! TA/E ( REGA9$ TIME WAS SOON POISON$ BY ! 9ABILITY TO GIVE IT ANY MEAN+ BEYOND ! WORK 5VIRONM5T4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 TIME WAS REGA9$ 9 T]MS ( R$UC+ PHYSICAL FATIGUE1 NOT BECAUSE ONE HAD ! KN[L$GE OR DESIRE TO DO SOME?+ DIFF]5T4 ,& ?IS WAS ALSO DUE TO ! FACT ?AT ONE HAD BECOME P>T ( ONE'S JOB1 ESP\S$ IT = LIFE4 ,EV5 ! REVOLUTION>Y !ORIES ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM DID NOT CONTRADICT ?IS BASIC CONDITION4 ,9/EAD !Y GAVE IT A LIB]T>IAN QUALIFICATION1 GIV+ ! SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION ! TASK ( BUILD+ ! FREE SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE1 />T+ (F FROM ! WORK CATEGORIES ?AT ALREADY EXI/$4 

,SO1 UP UNTIL A FEW YE>S AGO1 ABOLI%+ WORK SIMPLY MEANT R$UC+ FATIGUE1 CREAT+ 5JOYABLE ALT]NATIVE WORK OR1 9 ! MO/ ADVANC$ & 9 SOME WAYS MO/ UTOPIAN & FANCIFUL 9/ANCES1 SUB/ITUT+ IT ) A GAME1 AN ABSORB+ GAME ) ITS [N RULES CAPABLE ( GIV+ ! 9DIVIDUAL AN ID5TITY AS A PLAY]4 ,ONE MI<T >GUE ?AT ! GAME AS A LOGICAL CATEGORY HAS GONE F> BEYOND ! REGULAT$ V]SION 7E4G41 *ESS71 & TAK5 TO ITS LOGICAL CONCLUSION AS LUDIC1 9DIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR3 PLAY AS ! EXPRESSION ( ! S5SES1 AS ]OTICISM OR SEXUALITY1 AS FREE SELF-EXPRESSION 9 ! FIELD ( GE/URE1 MANUAL DEXT]ITY1 >T1 ?\<T1 OR ALL !SE ELEM5TS PUT TOGE!R4  ,?IS HAD ALREADY BE5 !ORIZ$ ( C\RSE1 />T+ ) ,F\RI]'S G5IAL 9TUITION1 SIMIL> TO ,B5?AM'S !ORY ?AT ! PURSUIT ( P]SONAL 9T]E/ 9DIRECTLY & 9VOLUNT>ILY LEADS TO GREAT] COLLECTIVE 9T]E/4 ,! FACT ?AT ! GOOD TRAVEL+ SALESMAN ,F\RI] MADE A TREASURE ( HIS 9DIVIDUAL EXP]I5CE 9 ORD] TO WEAVE AN 9CR$IBLE WEB ( SOCIAL RELATIONS BAS$ ON AFF9ITY1 IS NOT DEVOID ( 9T]E/4 ,NEV]!LESS1 NONE ( ?AT ESCAPES ! ESS5TIAL RULES ( WORK SE5 9 T]MS ( ! GLOBAL ORGANIZATION ( CONTROL1 EV5 IF IT IS NOT EXACTLY PRODUCTION 9 ! CAPITALI/ S5SE ( ! WORD4 

,SO WE SEE ?AT WORK CANNOT BE ABOLI%$ PROGRESSIVELY3 WE NE$ TO APPROA* ! PROBLEM 9 A DE/RUCTIVE MANN]4 ,LET US SEE :Y4 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 CAPITALISM ITSELF HAS N[ DISMANTL$ ITS OBSOLETE APP>ATUS1 AT ! SAME TIME DEPRIV+ ! 9DIVIDUAL WORK] ( HIS ID5TITY AS SU*4 ,IT HAS MADE HIM 'ALT]NATIVE' )\T REALIZ+ IT1 & IS N[ PREP>+ TO PLANT 9 HIM ALL ! SE$S ( ! EXT]NAL ASPECTS ( =MAL FRE$OM4 ,FRE$OM ( SPEE* & 9 WAYS ( DRESS+1 A V>IETY ( JOBS TO *OOSE FROM1 NOT MU* 9TELLECTUAL EF=T1 /&>DIZ$ SAFETY PROC$URES EXPLA9$ 9 SIMPLE MANUALS1 A SL[+ D[N ( ! WORK PACE1 ROBOTIZATION ( BASIC PROC$URES1 PROGRESSIVE SEP>ATION BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T ASPECTS ( WORK -- ALL GO+ T[>DS BUILD+ A DIFF]5T MODEL :I* DOES NOT CORRESPOND TO ?AT ( ! PA/4 

,TO 9SI/ ON REAPPROPRIAT+ /OL5 TIME IMPLIES 9V5T+ A UNIT ( MEASURE ALONG ) ALL ! O!R DISCRETIONAL UNITS RELATIVE TO ! SUSP5SION ( WORK1 A NOTION :I* ! WORK] W\LD HAVE DIFFICULTY GRASP+4 ,RA!R ?AN ACQUIRE ! CAPACITY TO 5VISAGE A PROJECT ?AT IS AN ALT]NATIVE TO WORK+ = A ?IRD P>TY1 HE C\LD DEVELOP A GR[+ FEEL+ ( PANIC4 ,! FACT ?AT F> LESS WORK IS NECESS>Y ?AN ?AT REQUIR$ TO E>N A LIV+ WAGE HAS ALREADY BE5 CLE>LY ILLU/RAT$ BY REVOLUTION>Y !ORETICIANS 9 ! PA/4 ,?IS ANALYZES IS N[ BE+ US$ BY PO/-9DU/RIAL CAPITAL ITSELF1 & IS (T5 BR\<T UP 9 CONF]5CES & MEET+S CONC]N+ ! RE/RUCTUR+ ( PRODUCTION4 

,A R$UCTION 9 LABOR W\LD MEAN R$UC+ WORK TO ! M9IMUM REQUIR$ TO PRODUCE ONLY :AT IS USEFUL4 ,WE CANNOT ACCEPT ?IS !ORY TODAY AS IT IS N[ BE+ CONSID]$ BY CAPITAL ITSELF4 ,ONLY ! TIME FRAME )9 :I* ?IS IS TO COME AB\T DIFF]S1 :]EAS NO?+ IS SAID AB\T ! ME?ODS ?AT W\LD BE US$4 ,TO /RUGGLE = A R$UCTION 9 WORK+ H\RS1 EV5 A CONSID]ABLE ONE ( SAY TW5TY H\RS A WEEK1 MEANS NO?+ 9 REVOLUTION>Y T]MS AS IT W\LD DO NO MORE ?AN OP5 ! WAY TO SOLV+ SOME ( CAPITAL'S PROBLEMS1 C]TA9LY NOT LEAD TO ! LIB]ATION ( ALL4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T AS AN ELEM5T ( PRESSURE1 NO MATT] H[ SLI<T N[ ?AT IT IS F9D+ A CONSID]ABLE \TLET 9 ! NUM]\S V]SIONS ( M>G9AL WORK1 SEEMS TO BE ! ONLY FACTOR PU%+ CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION TO LOOK = SOLUTIONS TO R$UCE WORK+ H\RS AT ! MOM5T4 ,BUT 9 A NOT TOO DI/ANT FUTURE ! NE$ TO R$UCE PRODUCTION MI<T BECOME A REASON = R$UC+ WORK+ H\RS1 ESPECIALLY S9CE 9T]NATIONAL MILIT>Y EQUILIBRIUM NO LONG] DEP5DS ON TWO OPPOS+ SUP]P[]S4 

,VOLUNT>Y WORK 7AB\T :I* LITTLE HAS BE5 SAID1 AL?\< IT IS A QUE/ION ?AT DES]VES ALL \R ATT5TION7 ACTS AS A SAFETY VALVE :I* C\LD1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 PROVIDE A SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM ( R$UC+ WORK+ H\RS )\T HAV+ TO WORRY AB\T H[ ! MASSES1 RELIEV$ ( ! CONTROL ( A ?IRD ( !IR DAY1 MI<T SP5D !IR NEW-F\ND FREE TIME4 ,SO WE SEE ?AT UNEMPLOYM5T IS NO LONG] ! MO/ S]I\S CRISIS CAPITAL IS HAV+ TO FACE TODAY1 BUT IT IS /ILL ONE ?AT IS CON/ITUTIONALLY L9K$ TO IT4 ,IT CAN BECOME 9/ITUTIONALIZ$1 !N RECUP]AT$ AS ! PROJECTUAL USE ( FREE TIME BY ! SAME COMPANIES 9 /RUCTURES CREAT$ = ?IS PURPOSE4 ,SO PO/-9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM IS A HOMOG5E\S SY/EM )9 :I* ! CONCEPT ( A CRISIS 9 UNEMPLOYM5T NO LONG] EXI/S1 ! LATT] HAV+ BECOME ONE ( ! ELEM5TS ( ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS ITSELF4 

,! 'ALT]NATIVE' IDEAL ( A LIFE BAS$ ON ! >T ( 'GETT+ BY' IS ALSO DISAPPE>+4 ,SMALL-SCALE H&ICRAFTS1 LITTLE SELF-PRODUC$ UND]TAK+S1 ! /REET SELL+ ( OBJECTS1 ! NECKLACES444 ,9F9ITE HUMAN TRAG$IES HAVE UNROLL$ 9 D+Y1 AIRLESS %OPS OV] ! PA/ TW5TY YE>S4 ,MU* REALLY REVOLUTION>Y /R5G? HAS BE5 TRAPP$ 9 ILLUSIONS ?AT REQUIR$ NOT A NORMAL AM\NT ( WORK1 BUT SUP]-EXPLOITATION1 ALL ! GREAT] BECAUSE IT WAS TI$ TO ! 9DIVIDUAL'S WILL TO KEEP ?+S GO+ & %[ ?AT IT WAS POSSIBLE TO DO )\T ! FACTORY4 ,N[1 ) ! RE/RUCTUR+ ( CAPITAL & ! NEW CONDITIONS RESULT+ FROM IT1 WE CAN SEE H[ ?IS 'ALT]NATIVE' MODEL IS EXACTLY :AT IS BE+ SUGGE/$ AT AN 9/ITUTIONAL LEVEL TO GET ?R\< ?IS MOM5T4 ,AS ALWAYS1 !Y SEE ! WAY ! W9D IS BL[+4 ,O!R POT5TIALLY REVOLUTION>Y =CES >E N[ %UTT+ !MSELVES UP 9 ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES & BURD5+ !MSELVES ) WORK 9 D>K1 /UFFY LITTLE PREMISES1 DEMON/RAT+ ?AT CAPITAL HAS WON OV] !M YET AGA94 

,IF WE W]E TO SUM UP ! PROBLEM 9 A SIMPLE =MULA1 WE C\LD SAY ?AT IF WORK ONCE GAVE A SOCIAL ID5TITY1 ?AT ( ! WORK] TO BE EXACT1 :I* ALONG ) ?AT ( ! CITIZ5 CAME TO =M ! P]FECT SUBJECT1 ANY ESCAPE FROM ?AT WAS A TRULY REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPT TO BREAK \T ( ?IS SUFFOCATION4  ,TODAY1 :]E CAPITAL NO LONG] GIVES ! WORK] A SPECIFIC SOCIAL ID5TITY BUT TRIES TO USE HIM 9 A G5]IC DIFF]5TIAT$ WAY1 ) NO PROSPECTS & NO FUTURE1 ! ONLY /RUGGLE LEFT AGA9/ WORK IS ?AT ( DE/ROY+ IT1 ?US PROCUR+ ONE'S [N PROJECTUALITY1 ONE'S [N FUTURE1 & A NEW SOCIAL ID5TITY 9 OPPOSITION TO ! ATTEMPTS AT ANNIHILATION PUT 9TO ACTION BY PO/9DU/RIAL CAPITAL4 

,MO/ ( ! /RATEGIES ?AT SELF-AW>E WORK]S HAVE US$ OV] PA/ DECADES AGA9/ BRUTAL1 IMM$IATE EXPLOITATION -- AB\T :I* HUNDR$S ( PAGES C\LD BE WRITT5 -- HAVE N[ BECOME NORMAL PROC$URES = CAPITAL ITSELF4 ,IT IS CAPITAL ?AT IS N[ SUGGE/+ -- :5 IT DOES NOT IMPOSE -- ! BREAK+ UP ( WORK UNITS1 R$UC$ FLEXIBLE H\RS1 SELF-DEF9$ PROJECTS1 P>TICIPATION 9 DECISION-MAK+1 DECID+ ON P>TICUL> ASPECTS ( PRODUCTION1 AUTONOM\S WORK ISL&S ?AT BECOME EA* O!R'S CU/OM]S1 QUALITY COMPETITION & EV]Y?+ ELSE4 ,ALL ! P>APH]NALIA TAK+ ! PLACE ( ! OLD1 MONOLI?IC UNI=MITY ( WORK HAS N[ REA*$ LEVELS ?AT >E NO LONG] CONTROLLABLE BY 9DIVIDUAL CONSCI5CE 9 ! N>R[ S5SE ( ! WORD4  ,?AT IS TO SAY1 ! S+LE WORK] IS CON/ANTLY FAC$ ) ! POSSIBILITY ( BE+ PULL$ 9TO A TRAP :]E HE 5DS UP B>T]+ HIS [N COMBATIV5ESS 7N[ ONLY POT5TIAL7 9 EX*ANGE = A FEW CONCESSIONS4 ,& IF !SE W]E ONCE SELF-DET]M9$ & C\LD BE CONSID]$ P>T ( ! GREAT MOVEM5T ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ WORK1 TODAY1 BE+ CONC$$1 !Y >E SIMPLY ANO!R ASPECT ( WORK1 MOREOV] ! ONE :I* CONTA9S MO/ *>ACT]I/ICS ( RECUP]ATION & CONTROL4 

,IF WE >E TO PLAY ) \R LIVES & DUR+ \R LIVES1 WE MU/ LE>N H[ TO DO SO & SET ! RULES ( ! GAME \RSELVES1 DO+ IT 9 SU* A WAY ?AT !SE >E CLE> TO US & 9COMPREH5SIBLE LABYR9?S TO O!RS4 ,WE CANNOT JU/ SAY ?AT A GAME ) RULES IS /ILL WORK 7:I* IS SO1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY SAID71 & ?AT IF ! RULES >E AB&ON$ ! GAME BECOMES FREE1 !RE=E LIB]T>IAN4 ,! ABS5CE ( RULES IS NOT SYNONYM\S ) FRE$OM4  ,RULES ?AT >E IMPOS$ ?R\< CONTROL & SANCTIONS >E SLAV]Y4 ,& WORK HAS BE5 ?IS & C\LD NEV] BE ANY?+ ELSE1 = ALL ! REASONS WE HAVE JU/ SE5 & ALL ?OSE WE HAVE =GOTT5 TO M5TION4 ,BUT ! ABS5CE ( RULES C\LD BECOME A DIFF]5T1 P]HAPS WORSE1 =M ( TYRANNY4 ,IF FREE AGREEM5T IS A RULE1 ,I 9T5D TO FOLL[ IT & ,I EXPECT O!RS1 MY COMRADES 9 ! AGREEM5T1 TO FOLL[ IT TOO4 ,ESPECIALLY :5 IT CONC]NS ! GAME ( MY LIFE1 & MY LIFE IS AT /AKE4 ,! ABS5CE ( RULES W\LD LEAVE ME 9 ! CLUT*ES ( ! TYRANNY ( UNC]TA9TY1 :I* MI<T PROVIDE A ?RILL+ DOSE ( ADR5AL9E TODAY1 BUT MI<T NOT AGREE ) ME 9 ! FUTURE1 OR RA!R C]TA9LY WON'T AGREE ) ME4 

,FUR!RMORE1 FREELY *OS5 RULES NOT ONLY BUILD MY ID5TITY1 MY BE+ ) O!RS1 BUT ALSO MY 9DIVIDUAL KN[L$GE ( MYSELF & MY DESIRE TO OP5 UP TO O!RS1 TO LIVE 9 A WORLD POPULAT$ ) O!R FREE -- VITALLY FREE -- BE+S CAPABLE ( DECID+ = !MSELVES4 ,ALL ! MORE SO AT A TIME :5 !RE IS A MOVE T[>DS ! ILLUSORY FRE$OM ( ! ABS5CE ( RIGID RULES1 AT LEA/ 9 ! WORLD ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 ORD] NOT BE TAK5 9 BY R$UC$1 FLEXIBLE WORK+ H\RS & EXOTIC PAID HOLIDAYS1 OR TO BE BEGUIL$ BY WAGE 9CREASES1 E>LY P5SION+ OR FREE F9ANC+ ( 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO DEVISE ONE'S [N PROJECT = ! DE/RUCTION ( WORK4 ,IT IS NOT SUFFICI5T TO SIMPLY LIMIT ! DAMAGE4 

,H]E1 A FEW IDEAS ?AT SEEM$ TO HAVE SE5 !IR DAY HAVE BECOME TOPICAL AGA94 

,A M5TALITY CANNOT BE DE/ROY$4 ,9 FACT1 ! PR(ESSIONAL M5TALITY AS EXPRESS$ EV5 9 P>TY & TRADES UNION ORGANIZATIONS -- 9CLUD+ ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ =MS -- CANNOT BE DE/ROY$ FROM ! \TSIDE4 ,NOT EV5 BY SABOTAGE4 ,:5 SABOTAGE WAS US$ IT WAS ONLY AS A MEANS TO 9TIMIDATE ! BOSSES1 A H9T ( SOME?+ BEYOND ! /RIKE1 A WAY ( MAK+ IT KN[N ?AT ONE WAS MORE DET]M9$ ?AN O!RS1 BUT WAS NEV]!LESS READY TO SUSP5D ! ATTACK AS SOON AS ! CLAIM WAS ACCEPT$4 

,BUT SABOTAGE IS /ILL DE/RUCTIVE4 ,IT DOES NOT AFFECT PR(IT 9DIRECTLY LIKE ! /RIKE BUT HITS ! /RUCTURE DIRECTLY1 EI!R ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION OR ! 5D PRODUCT1 IT MAKES NO DIFF]5CE4 ,?AT MEANS ?AT IT ACTS BEYOND ! WORK SITUATION4 ,IT DOES NOT /RIKE TO OBTA9 SOME?+ SPECIFIC BUT ALSO1 & ,I W\LD SAY PR9CIPALLY1 TO DE/ROY4 ,& ! OBJECT TO BE DE/ROY$1 AL?\< IT IS PROP]TY1 IS /ILL WORK :5 Y\ ?9K AB\T IT1 AS IT CONC]NS SOME?+ ?AT HAS BE5 OBTA9$ ?R\< WORK1 :E!R IT BE ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION OR ! F9I%$ PRODUCT4 ,WE CAN N[ UND]/& ! HORROR MANY WORK]S ONCE FELT BE=E ACTS ( SABOTAGE4 ,H]E ,I MEAN WORK]S :OSE LIVES ( TOTAL DEP5D5CE HAD GIV5 !M A SOCIAL ID5TITY ?AT C\LD NOT EASILY BE ]ADICAT$4 ,I HAVE SE5 M5 9 TE>S 9 FRONT ( !IR FACTORY AFT] IT HAD BE5 ATTACK$ & P>TLY DE/ROY$1 BECAUSE !Y SAW A CONSID]ABLE P>T ( !IR [N LIVES ALSO BE+ ATTACK$ & DE/ROY$4 ,& ?AT LIFE1 POOR & MIS]ABLE AS IT MI<T HAVE BE51 WAS ! ONLY ONE !Y HAD1 ! ONLY ONE !Y HAD ANY EXP]I5CE (4 

,( C\RSE1 9 ORD] TO ATTACK ONE MU/ HAVE A PROJECT1 AN ID5TITY ?AT HAS BE5 WORK$ \T PROJECTUALLY1 AN IDEA ( :AT ONE WANTS TO DO EV51 P]HAPS ALL ! MORE SO :5 ONE CONSID]S ?IS TO BE A GAME & LIVES IT LIKE A GAME4 ,& SABOTAGE IS A FASC9AT+ GAME1 BUT IT CANNOT BE ! ONLY GAME ONE WANTS TO PLAY4 ,WE MU/ HAVE A MULTITUDE ( GAMES AT \R DISPOSAL1 GAMES ?AT >E V>I$ & (T5 9 CONTRA/ ) EA* O!R1 AIM$ AT AVOID+ ! MONOTONY ( ! RULES BECOM+ JU/ ANO!R BOR+1 REPETITIVE JOB4 ,MAK+ LOVE IS ALSO A GAME1 BUT Y\ CAN'T PLAY IT FROM MORN+ TILL NI<T )\T BANALIZ+ IT1 )\T FEEL+ WRAPP$ UP 9 A DR[S9ESS :I*1 AL?\< IT GIVES A PLEASURABLE S5SATION ( WELL BE+1 ALSO DULLS US1 MAKES US FEEL USELESS4 

,TAK+ MONEY FROM :]E IT IS TO BE F\ND IS ALSO A GAME1 ONE ?AT HAS ITS [N RULES & :I* C\LD DEG5]ATE 9TO PR(ESSIONALISM AS AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 !REBY BECOM+ A FULL-TIME JOB ) EV]Y?+ ?AT ?AT IMPLIES4  ,BUT IT IS AN 9T]E/+ -- & USEFUL -- GAME IF SE5 9 ! P]SPECTIVE ( A MATURE CONSCI\SNESS :I* REFUSES TO FALL 9TO ! CONTRADICTIONS ( A CONSUM]ISM ?AT IS =EV] READY TO SWALL[ UP :AT ONE HAS MANAG$ TO SNAT* FROM ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE4 ,ONCE AGA9 IT IS NECESS>Y TO OV]COME ! MORAL B>RI]S !Y HAVE BUILT 9TO US4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO PUT \RSELVES BEYOND ! PROBLEM4 ,REA*+ \T & TAK+ O!R PEOPLE'S PROP]TY IS SOME?+ ?AT IS FULL ( RISKS1 EV5 = A REVOLUTION>Y4 ,NOT JU/ LEGAL RISKS 9 ! N>R[ S5SE ( ! WORD1 BUT 9 ! FIR/ PLACE MORAL ONES4 ,CL>ITY ON ?IS QUE/ION IS IMPORTANT1 AS IT IS A QUE/ION ( OV]COM+ ! SAME OB/ACLES ?AT MADE ! OLD WORK] %$ TE>S 9 FRONT ( ! DAMAG$ FACTORY4 ,! IDEA ?AT PROP]TY IS SACR$ HAS BE5 9/ILL$ 9 US S9CE BIR? & IT IS NOT EASY TO FREE \RSELVES FROM IT4 ,WE PREF] TO PRO/ITUTE \RSELVES TO A BOSS = A LIFETIME BUT HAVE A CLE> CONSCI5CE AT ! 5D ( ! DAY4 ,WE FEEL WE HAVE DONE \R DUTY & CONTRIBUT$ 9 \R [N SMALL WAY TO PRODUC+ ! NATIONAL 9COME -- :I* NATURALLY 5DS UP 9 ! \T/RET*$ H&S ( ! POLITICIANS ) ! NATION'S DE/9Y 9 M9D1 :O GOT RID ( ANY SCRUPLES AB\T TAK+ :AT WE HAVE ACCUMULAT$ ) FATIGUE LONG AGO4 

,BUT ! ESS5TIAL P>T ( ANY PROJECT TO DE/ROY WORK IS CREATIVITY TAK5 TO ! MAXIMUM POSSIBLE DEGREE4 ,:AT C\LD WE DO ) ALL ! MONEY ( ALL ! BANKS WE W]E ABLE TO ROB PUT TOGE!R1 IF ! ONLY ?+ WE CAN ?9K ( DO+ IS BUY+ A FA/ C>1 A BIG H\SE1 GO+ TO NI<TCLUBS1 OR FILL+ \R LIVES ) ?\S&S ( USELESS NE$S & BOR+ \RSELVES TO DEA? UNTIL ! TIME COMES TO ROB ! NEXT BANK8 ,?AT IS SOME?+ MANY ( ! BANK ROBB]S ,I HAVE MET 9 PRISON SY/EMATICALLY DO4 ,IF ALL ! COMRADES :O HAVE NEV] HAD ANY MONEY 9 !IR LIVES ?9K ?IS IS ! WAY TO SATISFY SOME ( !IR :IMS1 LET !M GO AHEAD4 ,!Y WILL F9D ! SAME DISILLUSION AS !Y W\LD 9 ANY O!R K9D ( JOB ?AT IS P]HAPS LESS REMUN]ATIVE 9 ! %ORT T]M1 BUT IS C]TA9LY LESS DANG]\S 9 ! LONG ONE4 

,TO IMAG9E ! REFUSAL ( WORK TO BE NO MORE ?AN ! LI/LESS ACCEPTANCE ( NON-ACTIVITY IS A RESULT ( ! MI/AK5 IDEA ?AT WORK-SLAVES HAVE AB\T ?OSE :O HAVE NEV] WORK$ 9 !IR LIVES4 ,! LATT]1 ! SO-CALL$ PRIVILEG$ FROM BIR?1 ! HEIRS TO ! GREAT =TUNES1 >E NE>LY ALWAYS 9DEFATIGABLE WORK]S :O D$ICATE ALL !IR /R5G? & IMAG9ATION TO EXPLOIT+ O!RS & ACCUMULAT+ EV5 MORE WEAL? & PRE/IGE ?AN !Y ALREADY HAVE4 ,EV5 IF WE W]E TO LIMIT \RSELVES TO ! GREAT SQU&]]S ( 9H]ITANCES ?AT ! TABLOID GOSSIP COLUMNS TAKE GREAT PA9S TO PORTRAY1 WE W\LD /ILL HAVE TO ADMIT ?AT ?IS HORRIBLE RACE >E ALSO ET]NALLY BUSY AT !IR DAILY GR9D1 OCCUPI$ BY !IR T$I\S SOCIAL RELATIONS OR BY FE>S ( FALL+ VICTIM TO AGGRESSION OR KIDNAPP+4 ,?IS IS ALSO WORK1 C>RI$ \T ACCORD+ TO ALL ! RULES ( OBLIGATORY ACTIVITY4 ,IT BECOMES A TRUE JOB1 :]E ! BOSS ( !SE EXPLOIT]S IS (T5 !IR [N LU/ OR FE>4 

,BUT ,I DO NOT ?9K MANY ( US CAN CONSID] ! REFUSAL ( WORK SIMPLY TO BE AN ACCEPTANCE ( ! DEADLY BOR$OM ( DO+ NO?+ :ILE WE KEEP ON ! LOOK\T = TRAPS SET BY O!RS :O MI<T TRY TO CONV9CE US TO DO SOME?+ ?R\< SOLICITATIONS OR FLATT]Y1 P]HAPS 9 ! NAME ( AN IDEAL1 OR P]SONAL AFFECTION OR FRI5D%IP1 OR :O KN[S :AT O!R DEVILRY CAPABLE ( ?REAT5+ \R CONDITION ( COMPLETE 9]TIA4 ,SU* A SITUATION W\LD BE PO9TLESS4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ,I ?9K ?AT ! REFUSAL ( WORK CAN BE SE5 9 ! FIR/ PLACE AS A DESIRE TO DO :AT ONE 5JOYS MO/1 ?AT IS TO SAY ( TRANS=M+ OBLIGATORY DO+ 9TO FREE ACTION4 ,I WROTE A LONG >TICLE AB\T ?IS MANY YE>S AGO 9 ,PANTAGRUEL1 :I* IS /ILL VALID TODAY 9 MANY RESPECTS4 ,BUT ?IS CONDITION1 FREE ACTION1 IS NOT MAPP$ \T ONCE & = ALL4 ,IT IS NOT P>T ( A SITUATION ?AT EXI/S BEYOND \RSELVES1 NOR DOES IT RA9 D[N ON US LIKE AN 9H]ITANCE OR ! SPOILS ( A RANSACK$ BANK4 ,SU* 9CID5TS C\LD BE AN OCCASION1 AN ACCID5T1 S\<T OR NOT1 DESIR$ OR NOT1 TO 5HANCE A PROJECT ?AT IS ALREADY 9 C\RSE1 IT IS C]TA9LY NOT ! CONDITION ?AT DET]M9ES IT OR C>RIES IT \T4 ,IF WE HAVE NO PROJECT 9 T]MS ( LIFE1 PROJECTUALITY 9 ! FULL MEAN+ ( ! WORD1 NO AM\NT ( MONEY WILL EV] FREE US FROM ! NE$ TO WORK1 TO BE DO+ AT ALL CO/S1 PU%$ BY A NEW K9D ( NECESSITY1 NOT POV]TY ?IS TIME BUT BOR$OM OR TO ACQUIRE SOCIAL /ATUS4 

,! DILEMMA CAN ONLY BE RESOLV$ BY 9V5T+ ONE'S [N CREATIVE PROJECT OR1 TO PUT IT DIFF]5TLY1 BY REFLECT+ UPON :AT ONE WANTS TO DO ) ONE'S LIFE & F9D+ ! NECESS>Y MEANS TO REALIZE IT1 )\T WORK+4 ,IF WE WANT TO DE/ROY WORK WE MU/ BUILD ROADS ( 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE EXP]IM5TATION :I* TAKE NO ACC\NT ( WORK EXCEPT TO CANCEL IT FROM ! REALITY ( :AT IS POSSIBLE4 

,*APT] #b4 ,LET'S KEEP \R FEET ON ! GR\ND1 PLEASE 

,IF Y\ 5DORSE ! IDEA ( ! DE/RUCTION ( WORK1 Y\ WILL ALWAYS F9D SOMEONE1 EV5 AMONG AN>*I/S1 :O REPLIES1 ',& TOMORR[8 ,IF WE DON'T WORK1 :AT WILL WE EAT TOMORR[8' 

,SO1 IF Y\ GET ?IS RESPONSE IT MEANS Y\ >E TALK+ TO A PRAGMATIC AN>*I/1 OR RA!R TO ONE :O HAS HIS FEET FIRMLY ON ! GR\ND4 ,ONE ( ?OSE :O1 :5 Y\ ASK HIM IF HE /ILL CONSID]S ! ROLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO BE SIGNIFICANT 9 ! CLA% BETWE5 DOM9AT$ & DOM9ATORS1 REPLIES ',ABSOLUTELY6' 

,BUT DON'T RISK ASK+ HIM :AT BE+ REALI/IC OR PRAGMATIC MEANS4  ,HIS REPLY MI<T UPSET Y\R DREAMS = A LONG TIME TO COME4 

,HE WILL TELL Y\ ?AT Y\ NE$ TO RESPECT ! CONDITIONS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 NOT PUT Y\RSELF IDEOLOGICALLY ABOVE PEOPLE'S HEADS SO AS NOT TO BECOME A VANGU>D ( ! PROLET>IAT -- ADD+ FAIRLY P]SUASIVELY ?AT ?IS IS NOT DUE TO A NE$ = EFFICI5CY 9 ! /RUGGLE OR GETT+ IMM$IATE RESULTS1 BUT BECAUSE IT IS NECESS>Y TO CONT9UE TO SUPPORT ! EXPLOIT$ AT ! PLACE :]E !Y %[ MO/ CAPACITY TO RESPOND TO CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION1 I4E41 ! WORKPLACE4 

,( C\RSE Y\ WILL FEEL LIKE SAY+ 7:I* ,I ADVISE Y\ TO KEEP TO Y\RSELF71 ',BUT ISN'T ?AT CAM\FLAG$ IDEOLOGY1 9 O!R WORDS IDEAS ?AT HAVE LO/ ALL CONTACT ) REALITY8' ,& Y\ WILL WANT TO SAY ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS NO LONG] EXI/1 ?AT !Y HAVE BE5 BROK5 UP BY CAPITAL'S HI/ORIC 5C\NT] ) ! NEW TE*NOLOGIES1 SO ALL RE=MI/ PRACTICE SU* AS MAK+ CLAIMS OR DEF5D+ PA/ GA9S SIMPLY SUPPORT ?IS /RATEGY ( DOM9ION & ANNIHILATION4 ,BUT 9 MY OP9ION IT W\LD BE PO9TLESS4 ,REALISM1 OR POLITICAL PRAGMATISM1 IS A P]NICI\S ILLNESS4 ,IT 9S9UATES ITSELF 9TO ! PRACTICE ( ?OSE :O ONLY SEE ?+S 9 CAUSAL1 S*EMATIC T]MS4 ,!Y CANNOT ESCAPE !M4 ,9 FACT1 GRADUALISM CAN BE EXTREMELY CONV9C+4 ,AT LEA/ IT IS COM=T+ CONC]N+ :AT C\LD HAPP5 9 ! %ORT T]M1 & PUTS (F FE> ( ! FUTURE4 ,9 ?IS WAY \R PRAGMATIC1 REALI/IC COMRADE TELLS US ?AT AN ESS5TIAL PO9T ( ! /RUGGLE IS MAK+ SURE ?AT WE DON'T REPEAT ! MI/AKES ( ! PA/4 ,FASCISM1 NEV] AGA96 ,& LOOK+ BACK TO ! OLD =MS ( FASCISM !Y MISS SEE+ ! NEW ONES ?AT 9 NO WAY RESEMBLE ?OSE ( ! PA/1 BUT >E P]HAPS EV5 WORSE4 ,?IS COMRADE1 KN[+LY RETORT+ ?AT IF Y\ DON'T WORK Y\ CAN'T EAT1 & ?AT IT IS HAZ>D\S & UNREALI/IC TO 9SI/ ON ! DE/RUCTION ( WORK1 IS SUPPORT+ A !SIS ?AT REMA9S LOCK$ 9 ! REALITY ( ! PRES5T :I* HE 5DS UP JU/IFY+ )\T REALIZ+ IT4 ,HE IS NOT 9T]E/$ 9 DISCUSS+ IDEAS OR QUE/IONS ( ME?OD4 ,ALL HE WANTS TO KN[ AB\T >E RESULTS1 :I* HE CAN ONLY GAUGE FROM A QUANTITATIVE PO9T ( VIEW3 M5 & ?+S TO BE C\NT$1 ELEM5TS ( REALITY TO CO9CIDE ) PROJECTS1 SOCIAL DYNAMICS TO BE UND]/OOD4 ,!SE >E ! IDEAS & ME?ODS ?AT GAVE RESULTS 9 ! PA/4 ,!RE CAN BE NO SU* ?+ AS CRITICAL REFLECTION OR ANY?+ ?AT MI<T PUT !M 9 D\BT4 

,ANY IDEA ?AT MI<T ?REAT5 HIS SE>* = ! CONS5SUS ( ! EXPLOIT$ OR ?AT MI<T 9 SOME WAY PRES5T AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>IES AS SUBV]T]S ( ! CON/ITUT$ ORD]1 9CLUD+ ! LEGITIMATE EXPROPRIATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 MU/ BE ISOLAT$1 O!RWISE GOODBYE TO EXPROPRIATION1 & GOODBYE TO ! PEACEFUL PASSAGE TO ! FREE SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE4  ,EXP]IM5TATION CAN ONLY BE C>RI$ \T 9 SMALL GR\PS1 ?IS COMRADE 9 HIS 5LI<T5$1 PRAGMATIC VISION ( ! /RUGGLE WILL SAY1 & !SE >E MEAN+LESS FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,?IS M5TALITY HAS A NUMB] ( O!R *>ACT]I/ICS4 ,FIR/1 IT CORRESPONDS TO A VISION ( REALITY ?AT DEP5DS ON C]TA9 CONDITIONS1 AN EVOLUTION ONE ASSI/S SIMPLY BY PROVID+ OCCASIONS = IMPROVEM5TS4  ,! FUNCTION ( ! ABSOLUTELY O!R IS NOT TAK5 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,:AT />T$ (F AS A PO9T ( VIEW WILL QUICKLY BECOME CONDEMNATION & TAK+ A DI/ANCE IF EXP]IM5TATION 9 ?AT DIRECTION TAKES ON ANY SIGNIFICANT =M & CONSI/5CY4 ,SECONDLY1 IT ACCEPTS TE*NOLOGY AS ! MA9 ELEM5T 9 ANY CIVIL COHABITATION1 SO CAN ONLY IMAG9E ! FUTURE SOCIETY AS />T+ (F FROM AN ALT]NATIVE USE ( TODAY'S TE*NOLOGY4 ,?IRD1 IT CANNOT FREE ITSELF FROM ITS [N 9/ITUTIONAL TASK1 ?AT ( EXORCIZ+ FE> ( ! UNKN[N4 ,ANY ATTEMPT TO SPE$ ?IS GRADUALISM UP 5C\NT]S 9SURM\NTABLE PROBLEMS1 MAK+ ! UNKN[N APPE> ! 5EMY & ! KN[N 7I4E4 ! CONS]VATION ( ! EXI/5T7 SOME?+ TO BE PROTECT$ FROM FALL+ 9TO ! H&S ( ! B>B>IANS4 ,TO REPLY TO !M ) \R !SES ON ! ABSOLUTELY O!R IS (T5 A COMPLETE WA/E ( TIME4 ,EV]Y ]A1 RI<T FROM ! OBSCURE BEG9N+S ( HI/ORY1 HAS BE5 TRAV]S$ BY ! LONG %AD[ ( ! BUREAUCRATS4  ,SOME?+ ELSE IS REQUIR$4 

,*APT] #c4 ,SPACE & CAPITAL 

,NO S+LE P>T ( PHYSICAL SPACE CAN BE ISOLAT$ FROM ! 9T]F]5CE ( CAPITAL1 BE IT \T] SPACE OR ! OCEAN DEP?S1 M\NTA9S OR RIV]S1 SEAS OR DES]TS1 ! GREAT METROPOLI OR ! T9IE/1 MO/ \T-(-!-WAY VILLAGE4 ,A :OLE S]IES ( RELATION%IPS 9T]SECT & OV]LAP3 SEEM+LY UNRELAT$ ELEM5TS >E L9K$ BY ! COMMON MATRIX ( EXPLOITATION4 ,ONE MI<T TRY TO DECEIVE ONESELF BY GO+ SOME:]E F> AWAY1 \T ( ?IS WORLD AS !Y SAY1 ONLY TO DISCOV] ?AT ! ME*ANISMS ( CAPITAL /ILL REA* US & FUNCTION P]FECTLY4 ,?AT EXPLA9S :Y WE >E AGA9/ ECOLOGISM1 JU/ AS WE >E AGA9/ ANY O!R 'ALT]NATIVE' PROPOSAL ?AT CLAIMS TO DO SOME?+ AGA9/ EXPLOITATION BY ISOLAT+ ONE P>T ( REALITY FROM ! RE/4 ,( C\RSE1 WE ALSO />T (F FROM SPECIFIC PO9TS 9 \R 9T]V5TIONS1 BUT WE DO NOT FOOL \RSELVES ?AT WE CAN REALLY ATTACK ! 5EMY BY REMA9+ )9 ?AT 'P>T'4  ,9 ORD] TO MOVE TO ATTACK WE MU/ OV]COME ! FRAGM5TATION :I* AT A C]TA9 PO9T BECOMES A NECESS>Y *OICE1 BUT IS ESS5TIALLY A /RATEGY ?AT HAS BE5 IMPOS$ ON US BY CAPITAL4 

,N[1 ! MO/ S]I\S PILLAGE C>RI$ \T BY EXPLOITATION1 ! ONE LAD5 ) ! GREATE/ CONSEQU5CES1 IS ! !FT ( TIME & SPACE4 ,!SE TWO !FTS >E SUB/ANTIALLY L9K$4 ,CAPITAL /EALS \R TIME BY OBLIG+ US TO WORK & BY CONDITION+ \R LIVES1 9FE/+ !M ) CLOCKS1 COMMITM5TS1 DEADL9ES & SO ON1 RI<T D[N TO ! SMALLE/ DETAIL4 ,BY /EAL+ \R TIME IT PREV5TS US FROM UND]/&+ \RSELVES4 ,IT ALI5ATES US4 ,)\T TIME WE W\LD NOT EV5 NOTICE ! !FT ( SPACE4 ,WE NE$ TIME 9 ORD] TO BECOME AW>E ( ! V]Y PRES5CE ( SPACE4 ,TO ?9K1 TO LI/51 TO DREAM1 TO DESIRE4  ,BY LIV+ SPACE 9 T]MS ( DI/ANCE1 KILOMET]S TO BE COV]$1 MOV+ FROM ONE PLACE TO ANO!R1 WE LOSE SI<T ( \R RELATION%IP ) ?+S1 NATURE1 ! WORLD4 

,CAPITAL /OLE TIME FROM US 7IT NE$$ IT = PRODUCTION7 -- !N CAME ! SY/EM ( CONTROL & REPRESSION1 &1 F9ALLY1 ! G5]ALIZATION ( CONS5SUS4  ,N[ WE >E FAC$ ) ! NE$ TO MOVE TO ! APPROPRIATION ( \R TIME & SPACE4 ,\R ATTACK CANNOT FAIL TO CAUSE DAMAGE & RU94 ,?AT IS 9 ! LOGIC ( ?+S1 ! LOGIC ( ! CLASS W>4 ,! PROJECT ( P[] IS GLOBAL4  ,IT CANNOT P]MIT ! EXI/5CE ( 'EMPTY SPACES'4 ,\R PROJECT ( LIB]ATION IS ALSO GLOBAL1 = ! OPPOSITE REASON4 ,IT CANNOT ALL[ 'FREE SPACES' NOT TO EXI/4 ,IF WE W]E TO ALL[ CAPITAL TO A*IEVE GLOBAL DOM9ATION1 WE W\LD BE DEAD = GOOD4 

,=TUNATELY ! ROAD P[] WILL NE$ TO COV] 9 ORD] TO REA* GLOBALIZATION IS /ILL A LONG ONE4 ,AS WELL AS EMBEZZL+ SPACE 7& TIME7 AT A GLOBAL LEVEL1 CAPITAL IS BEG9N+ TO DIVIDE REALITY 9TO TWO SEP>ATE P>TS4 ,IT IS NO LONG] A QUE/ION ( ! OLD FRAGM5TATION BUT ( A NET DIVISION1 A REAL WALL1 BETWE5 9CLUD$ & EXCLUD$4 ,! FIR/ WILL BE GU>ANTE$ A CONDITION ( PRIVILEGE1 DOM9ATION1 HI< CULTURAL LEVELS1 PROJECTUALITY & CREATIVITY2 ! SECOND1 A CONDITION ( SURVIVAL1 CONS5SUS1 SUBCULTURES1 SUP9E ACCEPTANCE1 LACK ( /IMULATION & P]HAPS EV5 ( NE$S4 ,9 ?IS P]SPECTIVE CAPITAL & ! ,/ATE REQUIRE COMPLETE AVAILABILITY ( SOCIAL SPACE4 ,NO?+ MU/ ESCAPE !IR CONTROL4 

,& ?AT IS NOT ALL4 ,CAPITAL N[ HAS TE*NOLOGIES AT ITS DISPOSAL ?AT ALL[ IT NOT SO MU* ! POSSESSION ( SPACE AS ITS ACTUAL PRODUCTION4 ,?9K ( ITS CAPACITY TO COMMUNICATE 9 'REAL TIME' BETWE5 TWO DI/9CT PO9TS ?\S&S ( KILOMET]S AP>T4 ,?AT DOES NOT ONLY *ANGE ! PRODUCTIVE ORD] 7V>IETY1 CREATIVITY1 /OCKS1 ETC47 BUT ALSO1 & PR9CIPALLY1 ! HUMAN ORD] ( SOCIAL RELATIONS 7:I* >E ALSO ECONOMIC74 

,SO CAPITAL IS ACTUALLY PRODUC+ SPACE ON ! BASIS ( ITS PROJECT ( EXPLOITATION & DOM9ATION4 ,IT IS TRANS=M+ & DE/ROY+ NATURE1 MODIFY+ CITIES & ! L&1 DE/ROY+ SEAS1 RIV]S & LAKES1 SUBMITT+ /ELL> DI/ANCES TO ITS MILIT>I/IC LOGIC4 ,! SPACE PRODUC$ 9 ?IS WAY !N S]VES TO *ANNEL 9DIVIDUALS4 ,SO WE F9D \RSELVES 9 HUGE TRAFFIC JAMS1 SPE$+ ALONG MOTORWAYS1 /&+ 9 QUEUES 9 ! SUP]M>KET4  ,WE >E AFFLICT$ ) TRAFFIC *AOS1 APPO9TM5TS WE MU/ NOT MISS1 FICTITI\S 9T]E/S ?AT MAKE US FEEL BAD1 OBLIG+ US TO BE CONT9U\SLY & S5SELESSLY ON ! MOVE4 ,WE MOVE 9 SPACES ?AT HAVE BE5 PROGRAMM$ = US BUT :I* WE IMAG9E WE HAVE '*OS5' \RSELVES4 ,\R H\SES >E FULL ( USELESS H>MFUL OBJECTS4 ,SPACE HAS BECOME RE/RICT$ OR RA!R HAS *ANG$ ACCORD+ TO ! NE$S ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION :I* NE$S TO SELL TELEVISION SETS1 FRIDGES1 WA%+ MA*9ES1 FURNITURE & BUILT-9 KIT*5S4 

,SO1 ALMO/ )\T NOTIC+ IT1 \R TIME IS DISAPPE>+ & \R SPACE IS R$UC+ ITSELF TO RELATION%IPS ) OBJECTS ?AT BE> WITNESS TO CAPITAL'S P[] TO CONV9CE4 ,9 ?IS WAY WE >E BE+ $UCAT$ TO REPETITION4  ,WE C>RY \T ! SAME GE/URES1 AS EV]YONE KN[S 7BUT SY/EMATICALLY =GETS71 9 ! ANT]OOM TO CONS5SUS4 

,= ITS P>T CAPITAL IS OBLIG$ TO TAKE SPACE FROM US BECAUSE IT CANNOT LEAVE ANY AVAILABLE = \R CREATIVITY1 \R CAPACITY = T9K]+ ) ?+S1 \R DESIRE = 9NOVATION 7:I* IS ! FIR/ /IMULUS TO F9D+ SOLUTIONS ?AT TURN \T TO BE 9CR$IBLE 5D[M5TS ( SPONTANEITY & WEAL?74  ,IF CAPITAL W]E TO LEAVE SPACE TO SU* 9DIVIDUAL =CES IT W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO REA* ! PACE ( REPETITION ?AT IS 9DISP5SABLE TO PRODUCTION4 ,! LATT]1 WE MU/ NOT =GET1 IS ONLY SU* ON ! CONDITION ?AT IT IS ALSO REPRODUCTION4  ,?9K ( ! EF=TS 7HELP$ BY ELECTRONIC TE*NIQUE7 ?AT CAPITAL IS MAK+ TO REALIZE EV]YONE'S DESIRES ) ! MAXIMUM 7C5TRALIZ$ & CODIFI$7 DIV]SIFICATION4 ,! BIG NAMES 9 FA%ION1 ! FA/ FOOD *A9S1 ! ADV]TIS+ ?AT HI<LI<TS 9DIVIDUAL TA/E )9 MASS PRODUCTION1 >E NO MORE ?AN ATTEMPTS TO BLOCK V>I\S ROADS ?AT MI<T /ILL BE TRAVEL$ TODAY4 

,AL?\< ! SPACE ?AT IS PRODUC$ & REPRODUC$ IS BAS$ ON CONS5SUS1 IT CONTA9S A CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( PURELY REPRESSIVE ASPECTS1 9 ! POLIC+ S5SE ( ! T]M4 ,CONTROL REGULATES MOVEM5T 9 EV]Y WAY4 ,RAW MAT]IALS & M51 IDEAS & MA*9ES1 MONEY & DESIRES4 ,EV]Y?+ IS COORD9AT$ BECAUSE EV]Y?+ HAS BE5 PREV5TIVELY HOMOG5IZ$4 ,DIFF]5CES >E NO MORE ?AN ?AT1 !Y >E NOT RADICAL DIV]SITIES4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 R$UC$ TO ! RANK ( APPE>ANCES & 9 ?IS NEW CAPACITY >E PRAIS$ TO ! HEAV5S AS ! REIGN ( FRE$OM4 

,SO ! /RATEGY ( P[] IS !RE=E ?AT ( CONTROLL+ 'ALL' SPACE 9 ! SAME WAY AS IT CONTROLS 'ALL' TIME4 ,IT IS NOT JU/ A QUE/ION ( POLICE CONTROL1 BUT MA9LY ( CONTROL BAS$ ON CONS5SUS & ! ACCEPTANCE ( MODELS ( BEHAVIOR & SCALES ( VALUES ?AT >E ?OSE ( ! CAPITALI/ TE*NOCRATS4 

,:AT TO DO8 ,GO 9 SE>* ( LO/ TIME8 ,LO/ SPACE8 

,NOT 9 ! S5SE ( A NO/ALGIC J\RNEY1 ( GO+ BACK 9 TIME4 ,NO?+ 9 LIFE GOES BACKW>DS1 JU/ AS NO?+ PRES5TS ITSELF AGA9 9 AN ID5TICAL 7OR 9 AN ABSOLUTELY DIFF]5T7 WAY4 

,! OLD RELATION%IP ) SPACE LEFT ! SIGN ( A PHYSICAL PLACE4 ,! SIGN ( MAN & HIS ?+S4 ,A ROAD1 A SQU>E1 A C\NTRY CROSSROADS1 A RIV]1 ! SEA & ! SKY1 WOODS & M\NTA9S1 W]E 9 OP5 DISC\RSE ) ! 9DIVIDUALS :O KNEW H[ 7& WANT$7 TO LI/5 TO !M4 ,& AFF9ITY ) O!R 9DIVIDUALS L$ M5 TO ! SAME PLACES1 ANIMAT$ !IR FEEL+S1 SPURR$ !M TO ACTION & REFLECTION4 ,ONE F\ND ONESELF AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 :]EAS ONE N[ HIDES AS P>T ( A :OLE1 ( A CR[D4 ,ONCE WE W]E OP51 ALSO (T5 UNPREP>$ & VULN]ABLE4 ,N[ WE >E ALL PROTECT$ BY UNI=MITY1 REPETITIV5ESS4 ,WE FEEL MORE SECURE BECAUSE WE BELONG TO ! FLOCK4 ,EV]Y?+ IS BE+ PRODUC$ & REPRODUC$4 ,EV]Y?+ IS AB\T TO BECOME A COMMODITY4 

,9 ?IS P]SPECTIVE ! /RUGGLE = SOCIAL SPACE BECOMES A /RUGGLE = ! REAPPROPRIATION ( ALL 'T]RITORY' BEYOND & AGA9/ ! RULES ( CONTROL & CONS5SUS4 

,*APT] #d4 ,SELF-MANAGEM5T 

,! PO9TS ?AT FOLL[ >E ADDRESS$ TO ! P>T ( ! MOVEM5T = SELF-MANAGEM5T ?AT CLAIMS TO EXI/ )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4  ,P]SONALLY1 ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT IT EXI/S AT ALL4 ,9 FACT1 9 >EAS :]E TRACES ( AN EMBRYO ( IT MI<T SEEM TO EXI/1 !Y TURN \T TO BE QUITE ! OPPOSITE4  ,( C\RSE1 ?IS C\LD BE CONSID]$ TO BE QUITE AN >BITR>Y ASSUMPTION1 BUT A MOM5T ( REFLECTION %\LD HELP TO CL>IFY ! MATT]4 

,IT IS NOT 5\< = AN>*I/S TO BUILD SOME K9D ( /RUCTURE1 BE IT A SQUAT1 A LIB]T>IAN S*OOL1 AN ALT]NATIVE BANK1 OR A FOOD OR S]VICES COOP1 = ! LATT] TO BE CONSID]$ SELF-MANAG$4 ,IT MU/ ALSO HAVE A LIB]T>IAN BASIS4 ,& ?IS ESS5TIAL ELEM5T CANNOT BE A SIMPLE DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLES OR A SYMBOL4 ,9 O!R WORDS IT IS NOT 5\< = A SOCIAL C5T] SIMPLY TO CALL ITSELF AN>*I/ 9 ORD] = IT REALLY TO BE SU*4 ,TWO MORE ELEM5TS >E REQUIR$4 

,! FIR/ IS ?AT1 9 ORD] REALLY TO BE AN>*I/1 ! ACTIVITY ! /RUCTURE T5DS T[>DS MU/ BE IRR$UCIBLY AIM$ AT ATTACK+ P[] 9 ALL ITS =MS4 

,! SECOND IS ?AT ! /RUCTURE ITSELF MU/ REMA9 QUITE DECISIVELY SEP>ATE FROM P[]4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 NEV] COME TO ANY AGREEM5T 9 ORD] TO RECEIVE F9ANC+1 FACILITIES OR ANY?+ ELSE4 

,?IS IS NO IDLE QUE/ION4 ,WE >E NOT TALK+ ( ! SEX ( ANGELS1 BUT ( SOME?+ QUITE PRACTICAL4 

,IF A /RUCTURE IS AGA9/ ALL 9/ITUTIONS IT CANNOT /RIKE UP AN AGREEM5T ) ANY ( !M4 ,IF IT DID1 IT W\LD CEASE TO BE AGA9/ !M1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 CEASE TO BE REVOLUTION>Y OR AN>*I/4 

,! SAME GOES = ! :OLE MOVEM5T = 'SELF-MANAGEM5T'4 

,SO :AT IS ?IS MOVEM5T BAS$ ON8 ,IT IS BAS$ ON A POLITICAL PH5OM5ON :I* IS BECOM+ MORE & MORE EVID5T EA* DAY4 ,P[] DOES NOT JU/ NE$ HUMILIAT$1 OPPRESS$ S]VANTS4 ,IT ALSO NE$S PEOPLE :O1 BELIEV+ !MSELVES TO BE FREE1 UNWITT+LY CONTRIBUTE TO ! MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY4 

,?9K ( ! IMPORTANT ROLE PLAY$ BY VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATIONS TODAY4  ,>EAS ( RECUP]ATION 9 T]MS ( ! MA9T5ANCE & MANAGEM5T ( P[] >E WID5+ ?R\< /RUCTURES ?AT >E 9 H>MONY ) ! 9/ITUTIONS1 9 SPITE ( !IR ALT]NATIVE CRITIQUE ( SOCIETY4 

,IF !SE 9T]E/S W]E TO *ANGE1 OR IF ! ACTION ( SELF-MANAG$ /RUCTURES W]E REALLY TO BECOME A ?REAT1 ! AGREEM5TS W\LD DIS9TEGRATE 9 A FLA% & P[] W\LD REV]T TO ITS LA/ C>D3 BRUTE REPRESSION4 

,BUT :AT W\LD !SE COMRADES1 DIS>M$ = YE>S BY !IR *ATT]1 AGREEM5TS & ABSURD FANTASIES AB\T LIV+ 9 COMMON1 HAVE AT !IR DISPOSAL TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ SU* REPRESSION8 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! PROJECTS ( ! /RUCTURES MANAG$ BY V>I\S ,M>XI/ & NON-,M>XI/ FR+ES :O LABEL !MSELVES ! '>EA ( ,AUTONOMY' >E QUITE DIFF]5T4 ,H]E RECOGNITION ( ! 9/ITUTIONS & AN OP51 PROGRAMM$ DIALOGUE ) ! LATT] CORRESPONDS TO A /RATEGY 9 ! M$IUM & LONG T]M1 A /RATEGY ?AT IS ESS5TIALLY POLITICAL & COV]S ! :OLE ( SOCIAL REALITY4 ,?IS 79 SPITE ( ITS !ORETICAL /UPIDITY7 AT LEA/ HAS ! VALUE ( BE+ CONSI/5T ) ! 7QUITE \T ( REA*7 OBJECTIVE !Y WANT TO REA*1 ?AT ( TAK+ OV] & MANAG+ POLITICAL P[]4 

,BUT :AT HAS ALL ?AT GOT TO DO ) AN>*I/S8 

,*APT] #e4 ,9VOLUNT>Y ASPECTS ( VOLUNT>Y WORK 

,9 A CLIMATE SU* AS ?AT :I* PREVAILS AT ! PRES5T TIME1 ) ITS G5]AL DIS5*ANTM5T & RE/ORATION ( ! ABSOLUTE VALUES ( COMPETITION & CAPITALI/ EFFICI5TISM1 ! DEMON/RATION ( VOLUNT>Y WORK]S ?AT TOOK PLACE 9 ,ROME REC5TLY %[S1 IF NO?+ ELSE1 ?AT !RE >E /ILL PEOPLE >\ND :O REPRES5T ! VALUES ( SOLID>ITY & EQUALITY4 ,IT IS PRECISELY ?IS ASPECT1 UTOPIAN 9 ! BETT] S5SE ( ! WORD1 ?AT ATTRACTS MANY Y\NG PEOPLE TO AN 9VOLVEM5T :I* IF1 ON ! ONE H& MAKES !M FEEL BETT] AS IT GIVES !M A 'DIFF]5T' PROJECTUALITY1 ON ! O!R 9VOLUNT>ILY MAKES !M ! ACCOMPLICES ( AN OV]ALL PROJECT ( P[] :I* NE$S !M 9 ORD] TO COMPLETE ITSELF 9 EV]Y ASPECT4 

,LET US EXPLA94 

,COMMUNITIES1 COOPS1 SMALL %OPS1 ALT]NATIVE GR\PS :O D$ICATE !MSELVES TO SECTORS ( SOLID>ITY & SOCIAL COOP]ATION1 >E ! MA9 ELEM5TS ) :I* ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL SY/EM S(T5S ! BL[S ( SOCIAL 9JU/ICE1 PRECISELY AMONG /RATA :]E ?IS IS ACUTE & RISKS EXPLOD+4 

,?IS SECTOR HAS /EMM$ ! FLOOD ( A :OLE G5]ATION ( 'REVOLUTION>IES' :O1 S9CE LOS+ FA!R P>TY & MO!R IDEOLOGY1 N[ F9D !MSELVES )\T IDEAS OR LEAD]S4 ,& VOLUNT>Y WORK HAS HELP$ !M GET !IR FEET BACK ON ! GR\ND1 PREV5T+ !M FROM LOOK+ BEYOND !IR NOSES OR RISK+ F9D+ !MSELVES MOV+ T[>DS A NEW PRACTICE ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION ?AT IS REALLY REVOLUTION>Y ?IS TIME4 ,& AS MORE & MORE VIOL5T & IRRECUP]ABLE CONTRADICTIONS EXPLODE1 ?IS SECTOR IS ACT+ AS A /OPGAP1 SOMETIMES EV5 9T]V5+ DIRECTLY TO MANAGE ! MO/ EXTREME SITUATIONS1 US+ ! SAME REPRESSIVE ME?ODS AS ! ,/ATE4 ,EVID5CE ( !IR 9/ITUTIONAL FUNCTION IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! FACT ?AT VOLUNT>Y WORK]S APPLY = FUND+ ?R\< ! LEGAL FRAMEWORK ( ASSOCIATIONISM3 UTOPIANS1 YES1 BUT NOT /UPID ONES4 

,VOLUNT>Y WORK SUPPLIES A V]Y IMPORTANT PRODUCT3 ! FEEL+ ( DO+ SOME?+ USEFUL4 ,SO1 TO ALL ?OSE :O FEEL BAD BECAUSE ( ! %AMEFUL 9JU/ICE ?AT CONT9UES TO REIGN ?R\<\T A WORLD :]E HALF ! POPULATION >E DY+ ( HUNG]1 BUY+ ORIG9AL PRODUCTS 9 'ALT]NATIVE' %OPS AT AN 'HONE/' PRICE CAN LET !M FEEL AT PEACE ) !IR CONSCI5CE4 

,IT IS PRECISELY ?IS SECTOR ?AT HAS SPREAD ! 9AUSPICI\S SOLUTION ( 'COPP+ \T'1 ( CONSID]+ ONESELF TO BE ABSOLV$ FROM ANY DE/RUCTIVE 9VOLVEM5T BY SIMPLY S+L+ \T A SECTOR ?AT IS SUPPOS$LY FREE FROM CAPITALI/ POLLUTION4 ,ONE DECEIVES ONESELF ?AT BY 9VE/+ ONE'S MONEY 9 'ALT]NATIVE' BANKS ONE IS NOT SPECULAT+ ON ! LIVES ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE1 OR FOOLS ONESELF 9TO BELIEV+ ?AT BY BUY+ 9 'ALT]NATIVE' %OPS ONE IS BOYCOTT+ WORLD CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 US+ A *ANNEL ?AT IS EXEMPT FROM 9VOLVEM5T 9 G5OCIDE4 

,= ANYONE :O HAS EV5 ! SLI<TE/ NOTION ( H[ ! ECONOMY WORKS AS A :OLE1 ! FACT ( ACQUIR+ PRODUCTS AT HI<] & !RE=E UNCOMPETITIVE PRICES 9 ! SO-CALL$ ?IRD WORLD DOES NOT 9 ANY WAY PREV5T ! SALE ( ! SAME PRODUCTS TO ! MULT9ATIONALS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y IT FAVORS !M BECAUSE ! PRODUC]S1 HAV+ A SLI<T 9CREASE 9 !IR PR(IT M>G9 7:I* IS /ILL M9IMAL :5 Y\ CONSID] ! NUMB] ( ALT]NATIVE ORD]S71 CAN B>GA9 ) ! MULT9ATIONALS & GET BETT] PRICES1 :I* MAKES LITTLE DIFF]5CE TO ! LATT]'S HUGE PR(IT M>G9S 9 ANY CASE AS SU* 9CREASES >E M9IMAL4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! POLITICS ( HI<] REV5UE BY BO? ! ALT]NATIVE BUY]S & ! MULT9ATIONALS CANNOT FAIL TO PRODUCE LOCALLY A CLASS :O >E BETT] (F & :O 9EVITABLY 5D UP IMPROV+ CONDITIONS1 NOT = EV]YONE 9 ! >EA1 BUT = A RE/RICT$ NUMB] ( N\VEAU RI*E4 

,! ABOVE CONCLUSIONS >E NOT DICTAT$ BY ! LOGIC ( '! WORSE ! BETT]'1 BUT BY TWO ASSUMPTIONS3 FIR/1 ?AT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO SPEAK ( SOLID>ITY & EQUALITY )9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM &1 SECONDLY1 ONE DOES NOT HELP ! ?IRD WORLD BY 9CREAS+ ITS PR(ITS4 ,! FIR/ IS BAS$ ON ! FACT ?AT ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM IS A CLOS$ SY/EM ) ONE LOGIC ?AT EXT5DS ALL OV] ! WORLD2 ANY SEMBLANCE ( ANO!R IS M]ELY A MEANS ( 9TEGRAT+ & RECUP]AT+ P>TICUL> PHASES ( IMBALANCE4 ,! SECOND ASS]TION IS BAS$ ON ! FACT ?AT A C\NTRY ) A V]Y L[ PRO CAPITA 9COME DOES NOT 9CREASE ?IS 7EXCEPT FROM ! /ATI/ICAL PO9T ( VIEW7 ?R\< A SIMPLE 9CREASE 9 EXPORTS4 ,9 FACT !RE WILL ALWAYS BE A PRIVILEG$ CLASS MANAG+ ECONOMIC & POLITICAL P[] :O GA9 MORE & KEEP ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION 9 ! SAME POV]TY-/RICK5 SITUATION AS BE=E4 

,= !SE REASONS1 & O!RS :I* WE WILL HAVE OCCASION TO M5TION LAT]1 VOLUNT>Y WORK IS ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT \TLETS TODAY = P]PETRAT+ ! SC\RGE ( SOCIAL 9JU/ICE PRODUC$ BY CAPITAL AT A GLOBAL LEVEL4 

,*APT] #f4 ,RE/RUCTUR+ CAPITAL & NEW DEMOCRACY 

,CONTEMPLAT+ RU9S IS AN ACTIVITY ?AT IS WELL SUIT$ TO 9TELLECTUALS4  ,SITT+ 9 :AT REMA9S ( ,CATALUS'S DRAW+ ROOM1 !Y LOOK >\ND BEWILD]$LY ASK+ !MSELVES :AT ON E>? W5T WRONG4 ,FIR/ ( ALL WE NE$ TO CL>IFY ! IDEA ( CRISIS4 ,I HAVE BE5 EXAM9+ ALL ! 9T]E/+ IMPLICATIONS ( ?IS CONCEPT = SOME YE>S4 ,9 ACTUAL FACT CRISES DO NOT EXI/4 ,!Y NEV] HAVE DONE4 ,EV]Y N[ & !N P]IODS ( *ANGE >E CALL$ CRISES 9 ORD] TO FAVOR P>TICUL> POLITICAL /RATEGIES OR TO JU/IFY !IR %ORTCOM+S4 ,AS WE CAN SEE1 IT IS NOT SIMPLY A QUE/ION ( T]M9OLOGY4  ,! CONCEPT ( CRISIS IMPLIES ! EXI/5CE ( A L9E> PROCESS ?AT SUDD5LY SUFF]S A REB\ND1 AS ?\< =CES ?AT >E EI!R EXT]NAL OR 9TR9SIC TO IT SUDD5LY CEASE TO FUNCTION4 

,?AT EXPLA9S ! GREAT SCI5CE ( PR$ICT+ SU* MOM5TS1 AT TIMES REPLAC$ BY DEVOT$ EXPECTANCY OR BY ! MORE OR LESS SANGU9>Y EF=TS ( ! MOLE ?AT KEEPS CLAW+ AWAY4 ,UN=TUNATELY !SE FRI5DLY LITTLE CREATURES DO NOT WORK = US4 ,A L9E> PROCESS ONLY EXI/S 9 ! DREAMS ( ECONOMI/S & REVOLUTION>IES :O WANT TO ATTE/ !IR P[]1 OR ?AT TO :I* !Y ASPIRE AT SOME TIME 9 ! FUTURE4 ,IT MI<T BE 9/EAD ?AT EV]Y?+ SIMPLY GROPES AB\T 9 A JUNGLE ( RELATIONS1 GIV+ RISE TO A SITUATION ?AT IS QUITE ILLOGICAL AS OPPOS$ TO ONE ?AT IS SIMPLY ( A LOGIC DEVOID ( ORD] & PROGRESS4 ,9 SU* A V>I$1 CONTRADICTORY CONTEXT WE F9D ATROCITIES & B>B>ITY ONE BELIEV$ DISAPPE>$ C5TURIES AGO FL\RI%+ ALONGSIDE TE*NOLOGICAL DISCOV]IES ( A FUTURE ?AT IS ALREADY PRES5T4 ,SO JU/ AS IT IS RIDICUL\S TO TALK ( PROGRESS1 ! IDEA ( CRISES -- ! PRODUCT ( SU* A CONCEPT -- ALSO FALLS4 

,IT IS ALSO EXTRAORD9>Y H[ ALL ?OSE :O HAVE BE5 ?REAT5+ & DEAF5+ US = YE>S ) !IR >GUM5TS AB\T ! RELATION BETWE5 9FRA/RUCTURE & SUP]/RUCTURE >E N[ AWKW>DLY KEEP+ QUIET4 ,MANY ( !M1 & ,I DON'T MEAN ?OSE :O MADE ?IS AB\T-TURN LI<TLY1 >E FAC+ ! SAME PROBLEMS ?AT POLITICS & P[] HAVE DONE 9 REC5T YE>S1 M9US ! 9TELLECTUAL OP]ATION 7?AT'S JU/ A MANN] ( SPEAK+1 ( C\RSE73 ! PRODUCTIVE CONDITIONS ( ?IS POLITICAL SY/EM >E N[ WELL BEYOND ! OLD KNEE-J]K DIALECTICS :I* CANNOT BE ELIM9AT$ SIMPLY BECAUSE ?IS ME?OD ( ANALYSIS HAS FALL5 9TO DISREPUTE1 PRECIPITAT$ 9TO A VACUUM ALONG ) ! DOMES ( ! ,KREML94 

,IT W\LD BE A FUR!R MY/IFICATION TO ASK :AT ! VISIBLE1 BUT NOT ALWAYS COMPREH5SIBLE1 PROCESS ( RE/RUCTUR+ TAK+ PLACE )9 ! POLITICAL SY/EM MEANS TODAY )\T L9K+ IT TO ! RE/RUCTUR+ ( PRODUCTION4  ,?AT W\LD BE EQUIVAL5T TO SAY+ ?AT ALL ! EVIL LIES 9 ! EGOTI/ICAL MANAGEM5T ( A FEW SW9DL]S1 & ?AT ONCE !Y >E REMOV$ FROM ! SC5E EV]Y?+ WILL RETURN TO NORMAL4 ,WE NE$ TO WORK \T TWO L9ES ( ?\<T H]E4 ,! FIR/ 9 ORD] TO BETT] SEE ! 9T]E/S ( ! P[] GR\PS :O >E 9T5SIFY+ !IR BLAME ON ! POLITICAL CLASS 9 P[] 9 C\NTRIES SU* AS ,ITALY4 ,?IS IS AIM$ AT DIV]T+ ATT5TION AWAY FROM ME*ANISMS ?AT MAKE ANY EFFECTIVE IMPROVEM5T 9 POLITICAL MANAGEM5T POSSIBLE4 

,! SECOND 9 ORD] TO %[ H[ PO/-9DU/RIAL POLITICS WORK1 ?R\< A REQUE/ = ! FICTITI\S P>TICIPATION ( 9DIVIDUALS 9 ! MANAGEM5T ( PUBLIC SP5D+4 ,9 ACTUAL FACT ! RE/RUCTUR+ ( ! POLITICAL SY/EM IS RELAT$ TO ! GR[+ DEM&S ( ! NEW ECONOMIC & SOCIAL =MATIONS 9 C\NTRIES :]E CAPITAL IS MO/ ADVANC$4 ,?IS IS ACCOMPANI$ BY A TRANS=MATION ( DEMOCRACY1 AS IT REQUIRES ! P>TICIPATION ( 9DIVIDUALS 9 FICTITI\S ME*ANISMS ?AT >E CAPABLE ( SWALL[+ UP1 !RE=E NULLIFY+1 ! IDEAS ( EA* ONE ( US4 

,EXCLUD$ FROM ANY EFFECTIVE P>TICIPATION 9 DECISION-MAK+ EXCEPT = ?OSE 9 ! /UBBORNLY BACKW>D >EAS /ILL TI$ TO OBSOLETE =MS ( TRADE UNION & P>TY ECONOMISM N[ DEVOID ( ANY SIGNIFICANCE1 ! GREAT MASSES >E EXP]I5C+ A NEW K9D ( DEMOCRATIC P>TICIPATION4 ,?IS HAS NOT HAPP5$ BY *ANCE4 ,! DEM& HAS EXI/$ = ALMO/ TWO DECADES N[1 9DUC$ BY ! M$IA ?R\< ! COMPLEX SY/EM ( CONTROL COMPRIS$ ( ,T,V1 TELEPHONE & COMPUT]4 ,WE >E /ILL 9 ! 9ITIAL PHASE1 BUT !RE IS ALREADY A DIRECT1 CON/ANT DIALOGUE 9 PROCESS BETWE5 ! P]IPH]Y & ! C5T]S ( COMMUNICATION4 ,PEOPLE R+ UP1 9T]ACT ) TELEVISION1 CODIFY !MSELVES & FIX ! PROTOCOL = A FUR!R1 9CREAS+LY DETAIL$ WAY ( LIFE4 ,?AT ALL[S = GREAT] CONTROL ( ! MASS ( EXCLUD$ ON ! ONE H&1 AT LEA/ ( ! REGUL> MAJORITY1 SO TO SPEAK4 

,ON ! O!R1 IT ALL[S !IR OP9IONS TO BE CATALOG$ & EV5 PILOT$1 DRAW+ !M 9TO V>I\S 9T]ACTIVE SYN!SES4 ,AS WE ALL KN[1 ?IS IS LEAD+ TO A PROLIF]ATION ( CULTURAL POV]TY 9 T]MS ( TA/E & *OICES1 A UNI=MITY ( DEM&S & DESIRES RESULT+ 9 AN EV5 GREAT] POSSIBILITY TO CATALOG APP>5TLY FREE SPONTANE\S P>TICIPATION4 ,!N !RE IS ! FLI<T FROM ANY POSSIBLE DIV]SITY4 ,TODAY IT IS CODIFICATION ?AT MAKES ! MAN3 ! WAY ONE DRESSES1 USES ! SAME OBJECTS1 LOOKS = ! SAME LABELS4 ,ONE QUALIFIES ONESELF ?R\< ?IS UNI=MITY1 MAK+ ! SAME GE/URES1 MOV+1 EAT+1 LOV+1 ?9K+ & DREAM+ ! SAME WAY AS EV]YBODY ELSE4 ,?IS IS ! WAY ! DEMOCRACY ( ! FUTURE IS BE+ BUILT4  ,SOON POLITICS WILL BE BORN 9 & AMONG PEOPLE1 BUT NOT BE=E ! LATT] HAVE BE5 LEVEL$ TO ! L[E/ COMMON D5OM9ATOR 9 ORD] TO PRODUCE ! FLEXIBILITY NECESS>Y = PO/-9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION4 

,! 'OLD' 79 ! TRUE S5SE ( ! WORD7 9DU/RIAL WORLD HAS DISAPPE>$1 & ) IT A POLITICAL SY/EM BAS$ ON ASSOCIATIONISM1 P>TIES & MOVEM5TS AS WELL AS TRADES UNIONS1 :I* W]E ALL L9K$ TO ! MASSIVE DIM5SION ( ! FACTORY & ! IDEA ( SO-CALL$ 7SOMETIMES REAL7 IMPROVEM5TS 9 ! WORK]S' CONDITIONS4 ,! FACT ?AT SOME SU* /RUCTURES CONT9UE TO P]SI/ BEYOND ! HI/ORICAL CONTEXT ?AT PRODUC$ !M IS SIMPLY DUE TO ! CLASSICAL VISCOSITY ( ALL SOCIAL /RUCTURES :I* >E NOT PREP>$ TO DISAPPE> SIMPLY BECAUSE NEW SOCIAL CONDITIONS MAKE !M OBSOLETE4 ,?IS P]SI/5CE HAS MADE !SE /RUCTURES EV5 MORE RIGID1 !IR ONLY AIM N[ BE+ ?AT ( 5RI*+ !MSELVES 9 ORD] TO CONT9UE TO EXI/1 & VISE V]SA4 ,& ?IS FUNCTION IS 9 CONTRA/ TO ! NEW CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION & !IR NE$ TO DEVELOP MORE V>I$ EXPLOITATIVE ASPECTS4 ,AS PO/-9DU/RIAL RE/RUCTUR+ MAKES ! OLD ECONOMIC & PRODUCTIVE =MATION OBSOLETE1 !Y >E MORE PRONE TO ACCEPT+ BLACKMAIL & EXTORTION1 AS EVID5TLY ! S]VICE SUPPLI$ BY NORMAL POLITICAL PRESSURE IS LESS & LESS ADEQUATE = !IR REQUIREM5TS4 

,?IS IS NOT JU/ HAPP5+ 9 ,ITALY1 BUT 9 NE>LY ALL ! ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 ,9 ,SPA91 ! OLD UNIONS ( ! DEMOCRATIC C5T] :I* SUCCE$$ ,FRANCO CREAT$ ! CONDITIONS1 !N ?+S DEVELOP$ 9 A DECADE ( SOCIALI/ RULE4 ,ALL ! P>TIES 9 ,SPA9 HAVE HAD REC\RSE TO ILLEGAL =MS ( F9ANC+4 ,! BE/ KN[N CASE IS ! ,GU]RA ONE1 :]E A BRO!R ( ! ,SPANI% ,VISE-,PRESID5T CONTRACT$ FAVORS FROM BUS9ESSM5 = ! ,P,S,O,E4 ,! SAME ?+ HAPP5$ ) ! MA9 ,SPANI% OPPOSITION1 ! ,POPUL> ,P>TY1 :]E ! ,BASEIRO CASE CAUS$ ! BIGGE/ SC&ALS RELAT$ TO ! RAKE-(FS4 ,! AUTONOM\S GOV]NM5TS ( ,CATALONIA & ! ,BASQUE C\NTRIES HAVE ALSO HAD !IR SC&ALS4 ,! MA9 CASE 9 ! NEWS AT ! MOM5T IS ! ,FILESA AFFAIR 9VOLV+ ! ,P,S,O,E AGA91 ) ILLICIT FUND+ OBTA9$ ?R\< EXORBITANT 9VOIC+ = L>GELY NONEXI/5T S]VICES1 REPORTS & /UDIES4 

,9 ,G]MANY1 CASES ( CORRUPT POLITICIANS1 RAKE-(FS & ILLEGAL TRAFFICK+ ) ORGANIZ$ CRIME >E ! ORD] ( ! DAY4 ,! BIGGE/ SC&ALS CONC]N ,SIEM5S ( ,MONACO & ,FLICK ( ,FRANKFURT4 ,!RE IS A TRIAL GO+ ON CONC]N+ ! CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( TAX-RELIEF 7:I* C\LD TURN \T TO BE MORE ?AN ?REE MILLION M>KS7 GRANT$ TO ,FLICK & ALLOCAT$ TO P>TY FUND+4 ,! SAME ?+ IS HAPP5+ 9 ,HAMBURG & ,BREM51 & EV5 9 ,B]L9 :]E ONCE '9 ! R$' ,FILZ IS N[ '9 ! BLACK'1 BUT ?+S HAVE NOT *ANG$4 ,CORRUPTION IS /ILL RAMPANT4 

,FRANCE ALSO HAS ITS SC&ALS 9 ! FIELD ( POLITICAL CORRUPTION4  ,FROM ! ,LU*AIRE CASE :]E 9T]E/S CONC]N+ >MS SALES TO ,IRAQ HAVE EM]G$1 TO ! ,URBA ONE 9VOLV+ ! OCCULT F9ANC+ ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 TO ! CASE ( ,B]EGOVOY1 A *>ACT] :O RECEIV$ A MILLION FRANCS FROM A NOT-EXACTLY-IMPECCABLE F9ANCI]4 ,A TIMELY AMNE/Y HAS BLOCK$ NEW SC&ALS FROM EM]G+1 MAK+ JUDICIAL PROC$URES PO9TLESS4 

,! LI/ C\LD BE EXT5D$ TO ,GREAT ,BRITA91 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,POL& & MANY O!R C\NTRIES ?AT HAVE NOT REA*$ SU* LEVELS ( PO/9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM4 ,& ! SAME SITUATION W\LD BE APP>5T3 A POLITICAL SY/EM NO LONG] SUIT$ TO ! ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION 9 PROCESS1 :I* IS FA/ BECOM+ A GANG/]I/ SY/EM ( EXTORTION & BLACKMAIL4 

,BUT LET US LOOK AT ! PROBLEM FROM ANO!R ANGLE4 

,NOT BY *ANCE SOME IDIOTIC '9TELLECTUALS ( ! MOM5T' HAVE TALK$ ( 'REVOLUTION'4 ,)\T KN[+ OR WANT+ IT1 & = REASONS QUITE DIFF]5T TO ?OSE ,I AM AB\T TO DESCRIBE1 !Y HAVE ACTUALLY GOT SOME?+ RI<T4 ,AT ?IS MOM5T 9 FACT A TRUE REVOLUTION1 DIFF]5T ( C\RSE TO ! ONE ( :I* WE DREAM 7& :I* IS NOT 9 ANY WAY POLITICAL71 IS TAK+ PLACE4  ,IT W\LD C]TA9LY NOT BE POSSIBLE TO TRACE ?IS REVOLUTION ?R\< ! COD+ WE US$ = SU* EV5TS 9 ! PA/4 ,:Y !N DO WE ?9K IT IS POSSIBLE TO TALK ( 'REVOLUTION'1 EV5 IF ONLY 9 POLITICAL T]MS8 ,!RE >E TWO REASONS = ?IS4 ,! FIR/ IS ?AT A POLITICAL SY/EM1 )9 :I* CAPITAL HAS UND]GONE A FA/ & PR(\ND RE/RUCTUR+1 HAS EXPLOD$4 ,IT HAS TURN$ \T TO BE 9CAPABLE ( REPRES5T+ ! 9T]E/S ( A NEW MANAG]IAL CLASS4 ,SECONDLY1 BECAUSE A /RONG MOVEM5T ( OP9ION HAS BE5 SET 9TO MOTION :I*1 AL?\< CODIFI$ 9 T]MS ( ! PROCESSES ( CONTROL & P>TICIPATION DISCUSS$ ABOVE1 HAS ALSO %[N1 UND]NEA? ! UNI=MITY1 ! EXI/5CE ( A SPREAD+ FEEL+ ( RES5TM5T1 A DESIRE = LIB]ATION1 AN ATAVI/IC FEEL+ ( AV]SION TO ALL :O COMM& & DOM9ATE4 ,AS F> AS ! FIR/ REASON IS CONC]N$1 ! PROCESS ?AT L$ TO ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION COMES TO M9D4 ,?IS WAS DUE PRECISELY TO ! FACT ?AT ! K+ & ! NOBILITY1 BY NOT ALL[+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( COMM]CE & 9DU/RY1 W]E NO LONG] ABLE TO GU>ANTEE ! 9T]E/S ( ! B\RGEOIS CLASS4 ,BUT1 AS IS CLE> EV5 FROM ?OSE EV5TS ?AT >E N[ AS F> (F 9 TIME AS !Y >E FROM \R POSSIBILITY ( UND]/&+ !M1 A DOM9ANT /RUCTURE DOES NOT SURR5D] SIMPLY BECAUSE IT IS NO LONG] USEFUL TO ! SY/EM ?AT PRODUC$ IT & ONCE PROTECT$ & /IMULAT$ IT4 

,AS F> AS ! SECOND REASON IS CONC]N$1 SOME?+ MORE IS NECESS>Y1 ,I W\LD SAY4 ,:AT IS HAPP5+ UND]NEA? ALL ! ATTEMPTS TO DEVIATE OR NULLIFY DISS5T8 ,?IS PH5OM5ON HOLDS A WEAL? ( 9/RUCTION = REVOLUTION>IES AS WELL AS = POLITICIANS :OSE AIMS >E DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO \RS4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 IT IS SURPRIS+ TO SEE H[ A SEEM+LY =MIDABLE POLITICAL /RUCTURE SU* AS ! ,*RI/IAN ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY HAS CRUMBL$ 9 A FEW MON?S4 ,?IS BALANCES ! JU/ AS UNEXPECT$ & /RANGE COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET POLITICAL /RUCTURE4 ,! TWO EV5TS >E OBVI\SLY NOT UNCONNECT$3 !Y BO? CONC]N ! NE$S ( ! VA/ RE/RUCTUR+ ( ECONOMIC P[] ?AT IS TAK+ PLACE AT WORLD LEVEL4 ,! FACT REMA9S ?AT NO?+ SEEMS SO FIRMLY ROOT$ AS TO DEFY ! UNPR$ICTABLE DEVELOPM5T ( EV5TS ANY LONG]4 ,& ?IS UNC]TA9TY HAS 5T]$ ! BLOOD/REAM ( US ALL4 ,IT HAS BECOME A POSITIVE ELEM5T ?AT RE/RUCTUR+ HAD TRI$ TO REALIZE BY P$DL+ ! IDEA ?AT NO?+ CAN BE GU>ANTE$ UNLESS IT IS AGRE$ ON ! BASIS ( COMMON 9T]E/S -- OBVI\SLY MANAG$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS -- ) ! FICTITI\S P>TICIPATION ( ALL4 ,! FACT REMA9S ?AT UNC]TA9TY HAS BECOME A P>T ( ALL ( US4 ,IT MAKES PEOPLE UNEASY1 WAKES !M UP1 GIVES RISE TO ! MO/ DESP]ATE ADV5TURES1 MAK+ !M MORE DIFFICULT TO CONTROL 7?IS1 YES71 OR AT LEA/ R5D]+ ?IS CONTROL JU/ AS UNC]TA9 AS ALL ! RE/ ( REALITY4 ,AS F> AS REVOLUTION>IES >E CONC]N$1 ?IS ELEM5T IS POSITIVE & ( NO SMALL IMPORTANCE4 ,!N1 ! HATR$ ?AT HAS EM]G$1 :I* C\LD EASILY BE DIV]T$ 9TO A RE=MI/1 BUT NONE ! LESS SIGNIFICANT1 DIM5SION 7I4E4 DEM&S = *ANGES 9 SOCIAL RULES71 GIV5 ?AT IT HAS %[N ITSELF TO HAVE A CONSID]ABLE CAPACITY = 'MOVEM5T'1 RESUSCITAT+ ! OLD EVILS ( LEAD]ISM & ! DELEGATION 7= EXAMPLE1 GOOD JUDGES LEAD+ ! REVOLT ( ! HUMBLE74 

,BUT WE WILL HAVE TO EXAM9E ?IS PROBLEM ELSE:]E4 ,IT IS 9DISP5SABLE TO BE AW>E ( ! CONDITIONS ?AT >E AFFECT+ ! REALITY WE >E OP]AT+ 9 :5 WE ACT1 ESPECIALLY N[ AS !Y >E SO DIFF]5T TO ! CLASSICAL =MULAS ?AT ONCE EXPLA9$ ?+S 9 DET]M9I/IC T]MS4 

,ONE ( ! MA9 PROBLEMS FAC+ ! RE/RUCTUR+ ( P[] TODAY IS ?AT ( MAK+ POLITICAL MANAGEM5T ADAPT TO ! WORLD PROCESS ( TRANS=MATION 9 PRODUCTION4 ,IT IS N[ CLE> TO ALL ?AT PO/-9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM HAS TAK5 ON A GLOBAL DIM5SION1 DI/RIBUT+ ITSELF DIFF]5TLY ACCORD+ TO LOCAL SITUATIONS1 BUT REF]R+ BACK TO A COMMON MANAGEM5T4 ,! TELEMATIC /RUCTURE ( ! ECONOMIC & PRODUCTIVE SETUP ALL[S ELEM5TS ?AT W]E ONCE IRREM$IABLY SEP>ATE TO BE L9K$ 9 TIME & SPACE4 ,IT HAS BECOME AN 9/RUM5T ?AT ATTEMPTS TO RATIONALIZE DISCREPANCIES 9 ! DEM& = WORK AT WORLD LEVEL4 ,?IS IS PUTT+ GREAT PRESSURE -- :I* WILL CONT9UE TO GR[ -- ON ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ( ! ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ /ATES TODAY4 ,! OLD DI*OTOMY DEVELOPM5T_/UND]DEVELOPM5T HAS EXPLOD$1 OR IS AB\T TO4 ,! TRANSITIONAL PHASE WAS M>K$ 9 ! MID-,EI<TIES BY A SPREAD+ LEOP>D-SPOT PATT]N1 BO? 9 DEVELOP$ & UND]DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES4 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE'S 5TRY ONTO ! *ESS BO>D ( PO/-9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM HAS MULTIPLI$ !SE LEOP>D SPOTS4 ,?IS DEVELOPM5T PREV5TS A NET DIFF]5TIATION & IS PRODUC+ CONSID]ABLE COMPLICATIONS = P[] CONC]N+ ! CONTROL & RECUP]ATION ( ! >EAS ) A HI< RISK ( SUBV]SION1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE 9 ! GREAT METROPOLI :I* >E BECOM+ TIME BOMBS ?AT NO ONE HAS ! KEY TO DEACTIVATE4 

,AT ?IS PO9T ALL HI<H&$ >GUM5TS AS TO :E!R !RE IS ANY REAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 'RI<T' & 'LEFT' BECOME RIDICUL\S4 ,! PRO( ?AT ?IS PROBLEM NO LONG] BE>S ANY RELATION TO ! ME*ANISMS ( RE/RUCTUR+ IS GIV5 9 ! FACT ?AT A REAL 'RI<T' NO LONG] EXI/S1 AT LEA/ AT ! 9/ITUTIONAL LEVEL4 ,! X5OPHOBIC & EXECUTIVE ASPIRATIONS ( ! DOM9ANT CLASS1 NATURALLY DESPOIL$ ( ALL ! FOLKLORE ?AT ONCE *>ACT]IZ$ SU* EXPRESSIONS ( POLITICAL REACTION1 CAN BE MANAG$ BY ANY POLITICAL =MATION4 ,9 FACT1 SK9HEADS /& \T TODAY NOT JU/ BECAUSE ( !IR LACK ( BRA9S BUT ALSO BECAUSE ( !IR ADOPTION ( AN \TDAT$ FOLKLORE ?AT REFLECTS ! DREAMS ( A FEW MADM54 ,!Y DO NOT HAVE ! CONS5SUS ( L>GE NUMB]S ( PEOPLE -- :O >E NOT = ?AT MATT] NOT RACI/1 ONLY !Y WANT !IR DEF5SE AGA9/ ! 'DIFF]5T' TO COME AB\T ANONYM\SLY ?R\< GU>ANTE$ JOBS1 NOT 9 DISCRIM9ATORY /ATEM5TS LIKE 'BLACK PEOPLE SMELL'4 

,! DISMEMB]+ ( SOCIETY1 ! MO/ EVID5T ASPECT ( :I* IS ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL 7N[ PRACTICALLY AT ! M]CY ( TRANSITORY GR\P+S7 & ! C5T]S ( COMMUNICATION1 IS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! TRANS=MATION ( PRODUCTION ?AT IS TAK+ PLACE4 ,/RUCK AT ! WORKPLACE :I*1 AT LEA/ UP UNTIL ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,EI<TIES C\LD LEAD TO GA9+ 9DIVIDUAL1 !RE=E CLASS1 CONSCI\SNESS1 ! 9DIVIDUAL HAS N[ BE5 ?R[N HEADLONG 9TO A RAPIDLY *ANG+ WORLD4 ,:AT WAS ONCE F> AWAY IS RAPIDLY DRAW+ CLOS] & CLOS] DUE TO ,T,V1 TELEPHONES & 9TEGRAT$ COMPUT] TE*NOLOGY4 ,& JU/ AS RAPID A DI/ANC+ ( :AT WAS ONCE CLOSE AT H& IS UND]WAY3 ASSOCIATIONISM1 ! COMPACTNESS ( ! TRADITIONAL WORKPLACE1 TRADES UNIONS & FACTORY1 >E DISAPPE>+4 ,! WORKMATE HAS BECOME1 IF NOT AN 5EMY1 AT LEA/ A /RANG]4 

,! BREAK UP ( ASSOCIATION WAS AN 9DISP5SABLE PREMISE = WORK] FLEXIBILITY1 & ?IS C\LD ONLY BE ATTA9$ BY ABOLI%+ ! TYRANNY ( ABSOLUTE SPACE & TIME4 ,! SUB/ITUTION ( LETT]-WRIT+ BY ! TELEPHONE & ! ADV5T ( ! REAL TIME ( 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY SY/EMS HAS MEANT ?AT 9DIVIDUALS !MSELVES HAVE *ANG$4 ,!IR MEMORIES HAVE BE5 DISSIPAT$1 !IR HUMAN CONSCI\SNESS DIVID$ 9TO SECTORS4 ,?IS WAS RIGID AT FIR/1 !N IT BECAME LESS & LESS CONSI/5T1 TO ! PO9T ( MIX+ & PRODUC+ A NEW AGGLOM]ATION ( S5SATIONS & VALUE JUDGM5TS ?AT >E =EV] BE+ MODIFI$1 AT A GREAT] & GREAT] SPE$4 ,! VALUES ( ! PA/1 ! /OR$ KN[L$GE HELD 9 VA/ MEMORY BANKS :]E IT C\LD LIE = YE>S1 BUT /ILL GIVE A DIRECT CONTRIBUTION :5 NECESS>Y 9 T]MS ( BO? !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL KN[L$GE ( WORK PROCESSES1 HAVE DISAPPE>$4 

,EV]Y?+ ?AT L$ TO ! POSSIBILITY ( WORK]S BUILD+ A BETT] WORLD ON & FROM ! RU9S ( ! OLD HAS N[ DISAPPE>$4 ,IT HAS ALL BE5 GR\ND D[N 9 ! GREAT RACE ( ACCEL]AT$ PROC$URES1 ! ELIM9ATION ( SUBJECT & OBJECT AS DI/9CT & OPPOS+ ELEM5TS ( A CONTRADICTORY ME*ANISM1 :I* WAS NEV]!LESS RI* 9 PROSPECTS & VITALITY4 ,9 PLACE ( ?IS ME*ANISM WE N[ HAVE ! DOM9ATION ( PASSAGE4 ,! SIMPLE MOVEM5T ( SOME?+ ?AT REA*ES ! RECEIV] & ! TRANSMITT] SIMULTANE\SLY1 9 REAL TIME1 UNIFY+ !M 9 ! ONGO+ CAPACITY TO RESPOND TO SIMPLE1 FA/1 COD$ IMPULSES ( COMMUNICATION4 

,SO EV]Y?+ SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 BR\<T BACK TO ?IS CONCEPT ( ABSOLUTE FLEXIBILITY4 ,! :OLE ( PRODUCTION1 9CLUD+ ! MO/ TRADITIONAL FIXTURES ) !IR PRISON-/YLE >*ITECTURE1 HAS ALL BECOME FLEXIBLE4 ,ASSEMBLY L9ES >E GOV]N$ BY ROBOTS4 ,9 TURN !Y >E GOV]N$ BY FLEXIBLE PROGRAMS :I* SKILLFULLY MODIFY COMM&S1 & ?US ! PRODUCTS PRODUC$ BY !SE *A9S4 ,:AT ONCE REQUIR$ MILLIONS ( P\NDS ( 9VE/M5T 9 FIX$ CAPITAL N[ TAKES PLACE 9 REAL TIME4 ,! WORK] HAS HAD TO ADAPT TO ?IS FLEXIBILITY4 ,! QUALITY REQUIR$ BY ! OP]ATOR TODAY IS NOT PR(ESSIONAL SKILL BUT ADAPTABILITY TO FACE DIFF]5T SITUATIONS COD$ ) A C]TA9 NUMB] ( ALT]NATIVES1 & TO F9D OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS 9 ! %ORTE/ POSSIBLE TIME4 

,! NE$ = FLEXIBLE CONDITIONS HAS PUT ! TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL SECTORS 9TO SECOND PLACE1 SUBORD9AT+ !M TO ! T]TI>Y SECTOR1 :I* IS PRODUC+ & DIRECT+ ! ME*ANISMS & LOGIC = RE/RUCTUR+ !M4 ,9 ! T]TI>Y SECTOR FLEXIBILITY IS OBVI\SLY ( C5TRAL IMPORTANCE4 ,H[EV] /RANGE IT MI<T SEEM1 !RE >E NO SPECIALI/S H]E4  ,EV]YONE IS SPECIALIZ$ 9 A FEW R\T9E PROC$URES4 ,! SAME HALLUC9ATORY WORLD :]E PROGRAMS PRODUC$ = FUTURE PROJECTS >E 5TRU/$ TO TELEMATICS HAS BE5 SUB/ANTIALLY R$UC$3 FEW] & FEW] SOPHI/ICAT$ PROGRAMS >E CAPABLE ( PRODUC+ YET O!RS & SO ON1 TO 9F9ITY4 ,PRO( ( ?IS G5]ALIZ$ IDIOCY IS GIV5 9 ! UNEASE FELT BY ! MA!MATICIANS :O 5T] ! WORLD ( COMPUT] PROGRAMM+4 

,! CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION WE HAVE DEF9$ AS PO/-9DU/RIAL >E SPREAD+ LIKE LEOP>D SPOTS1 9 & BEYOND ! 9DU/RIALLY ADVANC$ C\NTRIES4 ,NO >EAS CAN CONSID] !MSELVES SAFE FROM SU* PROCESSES ( *ANGE4 ,WE MU/ !RE=E AVOID FALL+ 9TO ! TRAP1 USEFUL TO ! MANAGEM5T ( ! NEW DEMOCRATIC P[]1 ( CONSID]+ ?AT SU* ANALYZES DO NOT CONC]N C]TA9 MORE 'BACKW>D' >EAS ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 LEAD+ ONE TO BELIEVE ?AT SOME ( ! OLD RELATIONS & NEW POSSIBILITIES ( /RUGGLE /ILL EXI/4 ,EV]Y?+ FITS 9 ) EV]Y?+ ELSE4 ,!RE >E NO ISOLAT$ CONDITIONS1 ONLY MODELS ( LESS] 9T5SITY1 I4E4 CONDITIONS :]E MODELS ( 'FLEXIBLE' MANAGEM5T >E LESS OBVI\S ?AN O!RS4 

,RE/RUCTUR+ CANNOT CONT5T ITSELF ) A SIMPLE ALT]NATION ( ?OSE 9 P[]1 OR ) MAK+ POSSIBLE MORE REGUL> *ANGEOV]S 9 ! POLITICAL CLASS4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y TO MAKE PR(\ND *ANGES4 ,& H]E WE F9D A PROBLEM )9 A PROBLEM4 ,IS IT POSSIBLE TO S+LE \T A PRECISE WILL1 A PRECISE MOM5T 9 :I* DECISIONS >E MADE 9 ?IS S5SE8 ,I DO NOT ?9K SO4 ,I DO NOT BELIEVE !RE IS A SPECIFIC M9ORITY 9 P[] CAPABLE ( PROGRAMM+ SU* *ANGES4 ,MORE ?AN ANY?+ IT IS A QUE/ION ( PROCESSES ?AT CONNECT UP1 (T5 9EVITABLY4 ,:5 ! V]Y FIR/ *ANGES TOOK PLACE AT ! LEVEL ( PRODUCTION1 ALL !Y DID WAS APPLY C]TA9 CYB]NETIC SY/EMS TO 9DU/RY1 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT TE*NOLOGY HAS ALWAYS BE5 APPLI$ TO PRODUCTION4 ,YET ! FULL POT5TIAL ( ?IS TE*NOLOGY WAS NOT UND]/OOD4  ,H[EV]1 UPON CLOS] 9SPECTION IT IS APP>5T ?AT ?IS UNKN[N QUANTITY CONC]NS ALL TE*NOLOGY1 P>TICUL>LY ! 9T]RELATIONS ?AT DEVELOP BETWE5 S+LE TE*NICAL APPLICATIONS & ! TE*NICAL :OLE1 :]E NO ONE P>T IS AUTONOM\S ( ! RE/4 ,NO ONE C\LD HAVE =ESE5 ! CONSEQU5CES ?AT SU* APPLICATIONS W]E TO HAVE ON ! LABOR M>KET1 I4E4 SOME?+ SIMIL> TO ! RE/RUCTUR+ ?AT TOOK PLACE AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,EI<TIES4  ,?IS R$UC$ ! CO/ ( LABOR1 BUT ONLY AFT] MU* HESITATION W]E !Y ABLE TO PUT PROGRAMS ( E>LY P5SIONS & MASS SACK+S 9TO EFFECT AS !Y FE>$ A RESPONSE 9 T]MS ( SOCIAL /RUGGLE1 9 SPITE ( ! ,T>ANTELLI_/ ,MODIGLIANI !OREM :I* HAD ALREADY CL>IFI$ H[ SU* A RESPONSE W\LD PROBABLY NOT COME AB\T 9 ! PRES5CE ( A /RONG GOV]NM5T4  ,H[EV]1 CAPITAL W\LD ALMO/ C]TA9LY NOT HAVE BE5 CAPABLE ( SU* A LIVELY RECOV]Y W]E IT NOT = ! UN=ESE5 EFFECTS ( GRAFT+ ! NEW TE*NOLOGIES ONTO ! OLD SY/EM ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 A WORD1 A S]IES ( CAUSES & EFFECTS ?AT C\LD NOT BE L9K$ TOGE!R1 BUT :I* PRODUC$ ! CONDITIONS WE C\LD SUM UP TODAY 9 ! WORD FLEXIBILITY4 

,SO IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO SPEAK ( A PROJECT ?AT HAS BE5 MAPP$ \T 9 ALL ITS P>TS4 ,! ADJU/M5TS ( P[] >E ALWAYS APPROXIMATE & T5D TO SETTLE ALONG ! L9E ( LEA/ RESI/ANCE4 ,MOREOV]1 SU* MOVEM5TS CAN ONLY DEVELOP TO ! PO9T :]E ! ELEM5TS :I* COMPRISE !M REA* !IR FULL POT5TIAL4 ,TODAY1 ! PRES5T DIS9TEGRATION UPON :I* ! NEW /RUCTURES ( P[] >E BE+ BUILT MU/ REA* ! EXTREME CONSEQU5CE 9 EV]Y ASPECT4 ,?AT IS1 P[] CANNOT MAT]IALLY EXP& FULLY & LEAVE AN ASSOCIATIVE M5TALITY & CULTURE 9TACT4 ,JU/ AS IT CANNOT GO AHEAD ) A DEMOCRATIC ME*ANISM BAS$ ON PA/ PROCESSES & VALUES4 ,!Y REQUIRE NEW POLITICAL =MS TO CORRESPOND TO ! NEW =MS ( PRODUCTION & SOCIAL LIFE4 

,SO ! PROJECT = A NEW K9D ( DEMOCRACY IS MAT]IALIZ+1 & ?AT IS ! F9AL PO9T ( !SE NOTES4 ,LIKE ALL ! PROJECTS ( P[] ?IS ONE IS VAGUE1 BUT IT BASES ITSELF ON NE$S ?AT ALREADY EXI/1 >E CLE>LY VISIBLE1 & C\LD BE SUMM$ UP 9 A FEW ESS5TIAL PO9TS4 

,! MA9 PO9T IS P>TICIPATION4 ,! >ROGANCE ( ! OLD POLITICAL CA/E IS NOT SUITABLE = ! *ANG+ CONDITIONS4 ,! CITIZ5 MU/ P>TICIPATE1 NOT TO MAKE POLITICAL LIFE 7:I* WILL ALWAYS BE A <O/ 9 AN >TIFICIAL WORLD7 BECOME REAL1 BUT TO MAKE ! DECISION-MAK+ ME*ANISMS ( P[] MORE EFFECTIVE4 

,! IMM$IATE CONSEQU5CE ( DEMOCRATIC P>TICIPATION IS ! BIR? ( ! ACTIVE CITIZ5 :O HAS DISC>D$ HIS OLD DIS9T]E/ & APA?Y T[>D POLITICS1 :]E M5 HE CONSID]$ SUP]IOR W]E BURI$ 9 ! CORRIDORS ( P[]1 MANIPULAT+ ! LIVES ( !IR SUBJECTS4 ,! POLITICAL SPH]E HAS BE5 BROK5 UP 9TO A MYRIAD ( POSSIBLE OP5+S = 9T]V5TION4 ,VOLUNT>Y WORK HAS BE5 9/ITUTIONALIZ$4 ,! MONOPOLY ( ! PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIANS HAS GIV5 WAY TO FREE POLITICAL 9ITIATIVE :]E REPRES5TATION /AYS )9 PRECISE CR$IBILITY LIMITS1 EV5 TO ! EXT5T ( C]TA9 CIRCUMSCRIB$ >EAS BE+ CONTROLL$ FROM ! BASE4 ,POLITICS BEG9S AT HOME4 ,! LEAFLET1 ONCE AN 9/RUM5T EXCLUSIVELY 9 ! H&S ( AN ACTIVE M9ORITY1 IS N[ COMMONLY US$ AS AN 9/RUM5T = VOIC+ OP9IONS4 ,9 ?IS WAY EV]YONE IS UND] ! ILLUSION ?AT !Y >E RE9V5T+ ! WAY TO RUN PUBLIC SP5D+1 BY LIV+ 9SIDE & ALONGSIDE ! 9/ITUTIONS RA!R ?AN SUBMITT+ TO DECISIONS ?AT >E MADE ELSE:]E4 ,SO DEMOCRACY IS WID5+ & BECOM+ RATIONALIZ$4 ,IT IS PRES5T+ ITSELF AS BE+ EQUAL = ALL 9 PRACTICE1 NOT JU/ 9 !ORY4 ,! MAJORITY SY/EM NO LONG] REB\NDS AGA9/ ?OSE :O USE IT1 & A PLURALITY ( 9T]V5TIONS MAKES KN[L$GE ( DECISIONS POSSIBLE4 

,?IS NEW PACK ( ILLUSIONS PRODUC$ ITSELF ALMO/ SPONTANE\SLY AS SOON AS ! OLD ME*ANISMS ( POLITICAL GR\P+S :]E DELEGATES1 *>ISMATIC P>TY LEAD]S1 C5TRAL COMMITTEES ) !IR DOM9ANT IDEOLOGIES & ! AIMS ( LIB]ATION ?AT IMPOS$ SACRIFICE & DEA?1 W]E ALL DISMANTL$4 ,ALL ?IS HAS F9ALLY DISAPPE>$4 ,:AT IS LEFT IS FLEXIBLE1 OBJECTIVE DIS9TEGRATION ?AT IS CLE> = ANYONE :O WANTS TO SEE IT1 9 ?AT IT COMES FROM A PROCESS ( DEVELOPM5T ?AT IS UNEQUIVOCALLY ONGO+3 ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION4 ,SO !RE >E MORE WAYS TO P>TICIPATE4 ,! NE$ = SOCIAL JU/ICE1 ONE ( ! FUNDAM5TAL AIMS ( A MOVEM5T ?AT HAS RESPOND$ TO ! PUTREFY+ OLD POLITICAL WORLD ) TOTAL CONDEMNATION1 IMM$IATELY TRANSF]R$ ITSELF1 & IT C\LD NOT HAVE DONE O!RWISE1 TO PRECISELY ! >EA ( P>TICIPATION4 ,?IS HAS BE5 TAK5 UP BY ! NEW BUILD]S ( IDEOLOGY4 ,IT IS !Y :O >E BUILD+ ! FLEXIBLE IDEOLOGY ( FUTURE DEMOCRACY4 ,& ?IS NEW DIM5SION WILL GIVE POSITIVE RESULTS4 ,IT WILL GIVE GREAT] POSSIBILITIES TO SOME & D5Y O!RS ANY AT ALL4 ,IT WILL GU>ANTEE ! LEGALITY ( POLITICAL PROC$URES ( MANAGEM5T1 EXT5D CONTROL1 BUT MAKE IT SEEM AS ?\< IT IS BE+ MANAG$ FROM ! BASE1 DESIR$ BY ! PEOPLE1 GU>ANTE$ BY A PLURALITY ( OP9IONS4 ,IT WILL ALL[ GREAT] SECURITY = ! 9CLUD$1 SEP>AT+ !M FROM ! EXCLUD$1 BUILD+ AN UNSCALABLE WALL >\ND !M1 =ESEE+ NEW NE$S ?AT >E SPECIFIC TO ! RUL+ CLASS & >E 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO ! DOM9AT$4 ,IT WILL SELECT ! EXCLUD$ ON ! BASIS ( !IR POSSIBLE P>TICIPATION1 %[+ V>Y+ DEGREES ( TOL]ANCE T[>DS !M ACCORD+ TO !IR LEVELS ( P>TICIPATION4 ,AT ! EXTREME LIMIT1 = ! NON-P>TICIPANTS1 ! MALADAPT$ -- ! EXCLUD$ EXCLUD$ FROM EV]Y?+ -- !RE WILL /ILL BE SY/EMS ( SEGREGATION4 ,NOT SO MU* ! OLD-/YLE PRISONS AS NEW ONES RUN BY PEOPLE 9 :ITE COATS4 

,!SE >E ! PROGRAMS = RE/RUCTUR+ P[] & TRANS=M+ DEMOCRACY4 ,OPPOS+ ONESELF TO ALL ?IS IS A P>T ( ! FASC9AT+ & 9DISP5SABLE REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT ?AT IS P]HAPS /ILL TO BE 9V5T$4 

,*APT] #g4 ,NO MORE CRISES 

,PRES5T-DAY CAPITALISM HAS *ANG$ ! :OLE ( ECONOMIC REALITY4  ,! OLD WORLD REGULAT$ BY LAWS & RIGID RULES :]E 9DIVIDUAL FIRMS W]E ABLE TO MAKE LONG-T]M PROGRAMS1 HAS *ANG$ 9TO ONE ?AT IS QUITE DEVOID ( RULES OR LAWS1 :]E 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE COMPANIES MU/ DEVELOP !IR FLEXIBILITY & ADAPTABILITY TO A MAXIMUM DEGREE4 ,REVOLUTION>Y /RUCTURES1 9CLUD+ AN>*I/ ONES1 W]E ALSO ONCE MODEL$ ALONG ! IDEA ( A RIGID ECONOMIC REALITY4 ,N[1 AT A TIME :5 PR(\ND TE*NOLOGICAL *ANGES HAVE PUT PRODUCTION 9 A /ATE APPROA*+ '*AOS'1 WE >E ASK+ \RSELVES IF !SE OLD REVOLUTION>Y !ORIES >E /ILL VALID4 ,I DO NOT ?9K WE CAN SAY !Y >E4 

,A GLANCE AT SOME ( ! OLD C]TA9TIES 

,ONE ?+ ?AT CAN BE UND]/OOD FROM ! FEW NOT V]Y ELABORATE ANALYZES 9 CIRCULATION1 IS ! DIFF]5T ROLE ?AT IS BE+ ASCRIB$ TO ! CONCEPT ( 'ECONOMIC CRISIS' 9 ! WIDE/ S5SE ( ! T]M4 

,EV5 9 REC5T YE>S !RE WAS A LOT /ILL BE+ SAID 9 ,M>XI/ CIRCLES AB\T AN 'OBJECTIVE DEVELOPM5T ( ! CRISIS'1 & V>I\S /RATEGIES & ORGANIZATIONS BAS$ !MSELVES ON ?IS CONVICTION4 ,NOT ONLY DID !Y =ESEE A REVOLUTION>Y MOM5T ( TRU? ) ! CLASS 5EMY1 BUT !Y EV5 W5T 9TO ! DETAILS1 L9K+ ! /RATEGIC FUNCTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY & ! 'W9N+' *OICE ( G5]ALIZ$ >M$ /RUGGLE TO ! C\RSE ( ! 'CRISIS' ?AT WAS CLAIM$ TO BE OBJECTIVE4 

,WE KN[ ?AT ?+S DO NOT WORK LIKE ?AT4 ,BUT ! EV5TS LEAD+ UP TO ! A=EM5TION$'S CURR5T FALT]+ DO NOT S]I\SLY M]IT DISCUSSION4  ,!Y C\LD BE SUMM$ UP AS AN AB\T-TURN 9 P]SPECTIVE FOLL[+ A FEW BANAL PROBLEMS ( ACC\NTANCY4 ,?+S DIDN'T WORK \T 7BUT />T+ (F ON SU* A PREMISE1 H[ C\LD !Y HAVE87 SO !Y REA*$ ! CONCLUSION ?AT ! OBJECTIVE ME*ANISM HAD NOT 'FUNCTION$' AS IT %\LD HAVE DONE4  ,O!RS 5D$ UP D5Y+ ! ME*ANISM ALTOGE!R 9 A CONV]SION TO COLLABORATIONISM1 REVEAL+ ?AT ! M5TAL LIMITATIONS ( TODAY >E ID5TICAL TO ?OSE ( ! PA/1 IT IS JU/ ?AT ! LATT] W]E HIDD5 BY A MANTLE ( SLOGANS & PREFABRICAT$ IDEAS4 

,! COMPLEXITY ( ! PROBLEM ( 0CRISIS0 

,IT IS A KN[N FACT ?AT ,M>XI/S ALSO MADE USE ( ?IS CONCEPT AS A =M ( CONSOLATION4 ,AT TIMES1 :5 CONFLICT WAS AT A L[ EBB & HE>TS W]E TEPID1 ! DET]M9I/ TRA9 KEPT *UGG+ ALONG4 ,! CRISIS WORK$ 9 PLACE ( REVOLUTION>IES1 ]OD+ AWAY ! HE>T ( ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL /RUCTURE1 PREP>+ ! FIELD = ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! FUTURE4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! MILITANT :O HAS SACRIFIC$ EV]Y?+ TO REVOLUTION>Y HOPE DOES NOT SEE ! GR\ND MOVE UND] HIS FEET & CONT9UES 9 HIS /RUGGLE1 BELIEV+ HIMSELF TO HAVE AN ALLY CONCEAL$ 9 ! V]Y NATURE ( ?+S4 

,9 MORE CONTRADICTORY TIMES1 :5 ! LEVEL ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE HEI<T5S1 DET]M9ISM HALTS1 OR RA!R1 BE+ ( LITTLE USE IT IS HIDD5 BEH9D ! SC5ES4 ,IT IS REPLAC$ BY AN OPPORTUNI/IC VOLUNT>ISM ?AT IS CAPABLE 7OR HOPEFUL7 ( BE/RID+ ! 9ITIATIVES ( ! MOVEM5T1 ! SUDD5 \TBREAKS ( DE/RUCTION & ! CREATIVE1 SPONTANE\S ORGANIZATIONS4 

,BUT AP>T FROM ! BUS9ESS ( %OPKEEP+ ) :I* ! SUPPORT]S ( REVISION$ P[] >E /ILL OCCUPY+ !MSELVES1 ! PROBLEM CONT9UES TO EXI/ 9 ALL ITS CONSI/5CY4 

,9 ACTUAL FACT ! C\RSE ( ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL PROCESS IS NOT HOMOG5\S EI!R 9 ! M9UTIAE ( SPECIFIC SITUATIONS OR 9 ! :OLE ( ! GREAT 9T]NATIONAL POL>ITIES4 ,P]IODS ( ECONOMIC %AK$[N1 CON/ANT LEVELS ( PRODUCTION1 GREAT] 9T]NATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM 7BO? POLITICAL & ECONOMIC7 ALT]NATE ) P]IODS WR\<T ) CONTRADICTIONS :]E ! :OLE SY/EM SEEMS TO BE REA*+ A CRITICAL PO9T4 

,ECONOMI/S HAVE (T5 SPOK5 ( 'CYCLES'1 AL?\< !Y NEV] AGREE AS TO H[ !SE %\LD BE ID5TIFI$ OR SPECIFI$4 ,IT C\LD BE SAID ?AT ! DISCUSSION ( CYCLES IS ONE ( ! MO/ A/ONI%+ ASPECTS ( ?IS RIDICUL\S SCI5CE4 

,WILL IT EV] BE POSSIBLE = CAPITALI/S TO PUT ORD] EI!R 9 ! ECONOMIC SETUP AS A :OLE1 OR 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL /RUCTURES ?AT COMPRISE IT8 ,! ANSW] IS A DEF9ITE 'NO'444 

,A D\BLE MI/AKE 

,ALL ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT CRISES NECESS>ILY EXI/1 SO WE CAN SIMPLY WAIT = EV5TS TO TAKE US TO ! REVOLUTION>Y MOM5T ( !IR [N ACCORD4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y4 ,SU* 'REVOLUTION>Y' !ORY GOES H& 9 H& ) ! CAPITALI/ !ORY ( 'PLANN+' 7,LONG ,RANGE ,PLANN+74 

,! MI/AKE WAS ! SAME 9 BO? CASES4 ,IT WAS ?\<T ?AT ! ECONOMIC 7& SOCIAL7 =MATION WAS A COMPOSITE :OLE HELD TOGE!R BY 9TR9SIC1 WELL-ORD]$ LAWS :I* A PRECISE SCI5CE 7ECONOMICS7 & ITS *AMB]MAID 7SOCIOLOGY7 /UDI$ & BR\<T TO LI<T1 ALL[+ REVOLUTION>IES ON ! ONE H& & ! CAPITALI/S ON ! O!R TO DRAW C]TA9 CONCLUSIONS 9 ORD] = EA* TO SET \T !IR LONG T]M /RATEGIES4 

,IT IS N[ UND]/OOD ?AT CRISES DO NOT EXI/1 NOT BECAUSE ! WORLD IS 9 P]FECT ORD] BUT BECAUSE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS 9 COMPLETE DISORD]4  ,IT IS CONT9UALLY AT ! M]CY ( TURBUL5CE ?AT CAN EI!R 9CREASE OR DECREASE1 BUT CANNOT BE CONSID]$ A 'CRISIS' 9 ?AT IT 9 NO WAY CORRESPONDS TO 'ANOMAL\S' SITUATIONS BUT SIMPLY TO ! REALITY ( ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SETUP4 ,= ! CAPITALI/S ,LONG ,RANGE ,PLANN+ BECAME OBSOLETE AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,SEV5TIES4 ,ONE C\LD SAY ?AT ! P>ALLEL CONCEPT ( 0CRISIS0 /ILL EXI/S = SOME REVOLUTION>IES4 ,! TIME-LAPSE1 AS WE CAN SEE1 IS CONSID]ABLE4 

,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT IT W\LD BE USEFUL TO LOOK AT ! *ANG$ CONDITIONS ( ! ECONOMY -- AT LEA/ AT ! MACROECONOMIC LEVEL -- SO AS TO TRY TO UND]/& ! PR(\ND *ANGES ?AT >E TAK+ PLACE 9 REVOLUTION>Y ANALYZES :I* ONCE SAW 'CRISES' AS A BORD]L9E CONCEPT ?AT MADE POSSIBLE A BETT] USE ( ! 9/RUM5TS ( RUPTURE4 

,IT IS ALSO BEYOND D\BT ?AT MU* AN>*I/ ANALYSIS IS ALSO BAS$ ON SL[ UND]/&+1 UNDES]V$ TRANSF]ALS & 9VOLUNT>Y ACCEPTANCE4  ,= A LONG TIME IT WAS ?\<T ?AT ! ECONOMIC ANALYZES SUPPLI$ BY ! ,M>XI/ *UR* C\LD BE US$ BY SIMPLY ELIM9AT+ A FEW ( ! PREMISES1 & ! CONCLUSION4 ,?IS HAS ALREADY CAUS$ 5\< PROBLEMS4 ,IT W\LD BE WELL TO LOOK = A SOLUTION4 

,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE ,M>XI/ IDEAS 9 ANY WAY AT ALL -- EXCEPT TO PURGE !M ( ! DIALECTICALLY DET]M9I/ PREMISES :I* SY/EMATICALLY 5D UP TRANS=M+ !M 9TO 9DIGE/IBLE BANALITIES4 

,T[>DS A COHABITATION ) DISORD] 

,! NE$ TO CON=M TO PRODUCTIVITY =ECA/S BAS$ ON A PRESUM$ ECONOMIC ORD] OR ECONOMIC LAWS MADE ! SITUATION ( ! CAPITALI/ FIRMS 7:I* CON/ITUTE ! MA9 ELEM5T ( :AT WE CALL 0CAPITAL07 V]Y RISKY4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ANY V>IATION FROM =ECA/S WAS CONSID]$ SPURI\S & CAUS$ BY UNEXPECT$ SITUATIONS1 & AS A RESULT ! DURABLE1 CON/ANT NATURE ( OCCURR5CES ?AT W]E CLAIM$ TO BE EXCEPTIONAL ESCAP$ !M4 ,*ANGES 9 LEVELS ( DEM&1 OLIGOPOLI/ COMPETITION1 CORPORATE DEF5SE ( M>KETS1 PRICE LEVELS1 *ANGES1 CO/S1 OCCUPATIONAL NORMS1 5VIRONM5TAL CONDITION+3 ALL !SE C\LD NO LONG] BE CONSID]$ 'ELEM5TS ( DI/URBANCE' ?AT CONTRADICT$ ! 'C]TA9TIES' ( ! ONLY !ORY AU?ORIZ$ TO 9T]PRET REALITY4 

,SO CAPITAL F\ND ITSELF FAC$ ) SURPRISES AT A /RATEGIC LEVEL4 ,IT FAC$ CONT9UAL *ANGES 9 ITS =ECA/S1 MAK+ IT 9CREAS+LY DIFFICULT TO ADJU/ TO ECONOMIC REALITY4 

,A SUSPICION ?AT !RE MI<T BE A POSSIBILITY ( ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR AS A :OLE BE+ 'IRRATIONAL' BEGAN TO SPREAD4 

,/ATE 9T]V5TION1 ESPECIALLY AT ! 5D ( ! ,SEV5TIES1 WAS UND\BT$LY ONE ASPECT ?AT MI<T CONTRIBUTE TO A POSSIBLE EQUILIBRIUM1 BUT ?AT ALONE WAS NOT 5\<4 ,/ATE 9T]V5TION1 AIM$ AT R$UC+ ! NEGATIVE ASPECTS ( 'CAPITALI/ COMPETITION'1 TURN$ \T TO CONC5TRATE TOO MU* ON ! 9/ITUTIONAL NE$ = SOCIAL CONTROL4 ,BASICALLY ! ,/ATE IS AN ECONOMIC 5T]PRISE ?AT T5DS TO R$UCE ! :OLE ECONOMIC 7& SOCIAL7 REALITY TO ! PRODUCTION ( ONE S+LE PRODUCT3 SOCIAL PEACE4 

,CAPITAL1 SEE+ ITSELF REFLECT$ 9 ! DE=M+ MIRROR ( ! ,EA/]N ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES1 IS WELL AW>E ?AT ! ,/ATE CAPITALI/ ROAD TO REG5]ATION IS AN EV5 WORSE EVIL4 ,?AT ROAD GU>ANTEES ! P]SI/5CE ( P[]1 BUT DI/ORTS ! CLASSICAL ASPECTS ( CAPITALISM TOO MU*1 DOME/ICAT+ IT )9 ! RE/RICT$ CONF9ES ( ! 9/ITUTIONAL NE$ = CONTROL4 

,BASICALLY !N1 ?9K+ AB\T IT1 ! :OLE PHASE ( SETT+ UP ! ',/ATE' AS A CORRECTIVE V>IABLE1 :I* 9 /RICTLY ECONOMIC T]MS CAME TO AN 5D 9 ! E>LY ,EI<TIES1 HAS ALSO AIM$ TO HAVE ITSELF SUPPORT$ 7AT LEA/ AS F> AS ! ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES >E CONC]N$7 BY ! GREATE/ TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATION 9 HI/ORY3 ! ELECTRONIC ONE4 ,?IS 9 FACT WAS ! 9DISP5SABLE ELEM5T = LIV+ ) ! MON/]4 ,! SOLUTION LAY 9 REA*+ ! MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY 9 ! %ORTE/ POSSIBLE TIME4 

,! !ORETICAL EF=T 

,ECONOMI/S HAVE BE5 WORK+ H>D4 ,FAC$ ) ! DANG]S ( REMA9+ CLOS$ )9 ! S*EMA ( 'CRISIS'1 !Y PULL$ UP !IR SLEEVES4  ,FIR/ !Y CRITICIZ$ ! NEOCLASSICAL !ORY ( BUS9ESS 5T]PRISE1 !N ! MANAG]IAL ONE4 ,!Y TRI$ TO PU% ?IS !ORY T[>DS FUR!R RESE>* 9TO 'UNI=MITY'1 SO AS TO PUT AN 5D TO UNC]TA9TIES CAUS$ BY ! GREAT MULTIPLICITY ( PH5OM5A4 

,!N A CRITIQUE ( 'CRISIS'1 SE5 AS ! PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE ( AN ANOMAL\S SITUATION :I* C\LD BE OV]COME1 WAS PUT =W>D4 ,! :OLE ( ! ,SEV5TIES WAS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ECONOMIC RESE>* AIM$ AT CRITICIZ+1 9 ! 'NEGATIVE' S5SE1 ! UNRELIABILITY ( =ECA/S BAS$ ON ! ECONOMIC !ORIES ( ! PA/ 7BO? NEOCLASSICAL & MANAG]IAL1 IT MAKES NO DIFF]5CE74 

,F9ALLY1 AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,EI<TIES1 '9/ABILITY' & ! RELATIVE COMPLEXITY ( PH5OM5A CAME TO BE RECOGNIZ$ AS 9TR9SIC TO ! ECONOMIC SETUP1 & ! IDEA ( ! PRES5CE ( CONTRA/+ =CES :I* C\LD BE PUT 9 ORD] WAS DISC>D$ = GOOD4 

,ECONOMI/S N[ TALK ( 'NON-ADJU/ABILITY'4 ,A P>TICUL> SITUATION -- 9 ! %ORT OR V]Y %ORT T]M -- ONLY BECOMES COMPREH5SIBLE TO ! COMPANY IF ECONOMIC REALITY IS SE5 AS A :OLE1 )\T ANY C5T] OR 9BORN CAPACITY TO 9/ILL ORD]1 BUT AS A NUMB] ( =CES ACT+ ON ! BASIS ( DECISIONS ?AT CANNOT ALWAYS BE REF]R$ TO AS 'RATIONAL'4 

,! ANSW] ?AT ECONOMIC !ORY CAME UP ) TO SOLVE ?IS PROBLEM WAS CLE>4 ,CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE CAN ONLY FACE SU* A SITUATION IF IT DEVELOPS FLEXIBILITY TO A MAXIMUM DEGREE4 ,IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( A 'NEW' SITUATION1 BUT ( A 'NEW' WAY ( SEE+ ?+S4 ,! FIRM MU/ BE FLEXIBLE 9 DECISION-MAK+1 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION1 & 9 ITS CAPACITY TO ADAPT TO ! CURR5T *ANGES AS A :OLE4 

,SO FIRMS >E DEC5TRALIZ+1 PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES >E NO LONG] FIX$1 ANOMALY BECOMES ! RULE4 ,*AOS IS L$ 9TO ! REASSUR+ CANON ( 'ECONOMIC LAW'4 

,9 REALITY1 *AOS HAS REMA9$ JU/ ?AT4 ,:AT HAS BE5 *ANG$ >E ! WAYS ( LOOK+ AT IT4 ,! CAPITALI/ IS LE>N+ TO BE/RIDE ! MON/]4  ,HE HAS ALWAYS NURTUR$ FEW SCRUPLES & A C]TA9 PIRATE-/YLE C\RAGE4  ,EV5 MORE SO TODAY4 ,!RE >E NO PRIE/S ( ECONOMY LEFT TO S+ CONSOLATORY LULLABIES TO HIM4 ,IF HE WANTS TO SURVIVE1 HE MU/ DO SO 9 ! %ORT T]M4  ,! >MS ( PLUND] & VIOL5CE >E US$ 9CREAS+LY 9 ! %ORT & M$IUM T]M4 ,! GREAT PLANN+ PROJECTS -- :I* W]E (T5 E*O$ BY BL>NEY 9 ! SOCIAL FIELD -- HAVE BE5 PUT ASIDE = GOOD4 

,! ECONOMIC !ORY ( ! PA/ IS REA*+ A /ICKY 5D4 ,! NEOCLASSICAL MODEL ?AT !ORIZ$ RATIONAL ECONOMIC CURVES ?AT CLA%$ & F\ND A NATURAL EQUILIBRIUM 9 ! M>KET HAVE BE5 DISC>D$4 ,! SAME GOES = ! MANAG]IAL !ORY ?AT WAS BAS$ EXCLUSIVELY ON ! FIRM'S /ABILITY & ITS PLANN+ CAPACITY4 

,!SE REMNANTS ( ! PA/ HAVE BE5 DISC>D$ 9 FAVOR ( ! CONCEPT ( PROCE$+ BY 'TRIAL & ]ROR'1 :I* HAS N[ BE5 COMPLETELY TAK5 OV] BY CYB]NETICS4 ,( C\RSE1 !SE ATTEMPTS >E ONLY POSSIBLE IF ! FIRM HAS BECOME HI<LY FLEXIBLE & IS ABLE TO EX]CISE SUFFICI5T CONTROL OV] ! LATT]4 

,! NEW SITUATION CLE>LY PRES5TS ! PROBLEM ( H[ ! FIRM %\LD ACT 9 ! FACE ( ITS 9CAPACITY TO CONTROL EXT]NAL V>IABLES & EV5 A NUMB] ( 9T]NAL ONES4 ,! 'POLITICAL' COMPON5TS ( ! FIRM1 ! TE*NO/RUCTURE AS DEF9$ BY ! 'LEFT W+' ,AM]ICAN ECONOMI/S ( ! ,SEV5TIES1 HAVE BECOME UNC]TA9 ELEM5TS4 ,AT ! LEVEL ( MACROANALYSIS1 ! ,/ATE 9 P>TICUL> & ITS 9FLU5CE ON ! ECONOMY LOSE ! DET]M9ATION !Y EX]CIS$ 9 ! PREC$+ HYPO!SIS4 ,AT ! LEVEL ( MICROANALYSIS1 9DIVIDUAL FIRMS LOSE !IR /RATEGIC CAPACITY = PLANN+4 

,! NEW REALITY IS !RE=E *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! 9TRODUCTION ( EXT]NAL 9/ABILITY 9TO ! FIRM ITSELF1 AN 5D ( /ABLE RELATIONS BETWE5 FIRMS1 *ANGES 9 ,/ATE REGULATORY FUNCTIONS 7MORE ACC5T ON MA9TA9+ CONS5SUS71 & AN 5D TO FIX$ PROC$URES 9SIDE ! FIRM1 :]E ! TRADITIONAL CAPITALI/ CONCEPT ( ACCUMULATION & A QUANTITATIVE GR[? 9 PRODUCTION IS DISAPPE>+4 

,! NEW ME?ODS >E ESS5TIALLY BAS$ ON SPE$$ UP DECISIONMAK+ & ! MANY POSSIBILITIES = SUB/ITUT+ PRODUCTION FACTORS4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! MANAG]IAL ASPECT ( ! FIRM IS *ANG+ CONSID]ABLY4 ,! SCI5CE ( ECONOMIC DECISION-MAK+ IS DISAPPE>+ =EV] & IS BE+ REPLAC$ BY A PRACTICE 7OR IF WE PREF]1 AN >T7 ( EMPIRICAL1 ECLECTIC DECISIONS1 SKILLFULLY & IMPUD5TLY AIM$ AT 9/ANT PR(IT4 

,ECONOMI/S >E ELABORAT+ ! CONT+5CY !ORY1 A !ORY ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT TIE ! FIRM TO A P>TICUL> EXT]NAL SITUATION4 ,?IS CANNOT BE SUBMITT$ TO ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS BAS$ ON LAWS1 BUT ONLY TO OBS]VATIONS 9 ! V]Y %ORT T]M BAS$ ON EMPIRICAL CONSID]ATIONS1 ! FRUIT ( REC5T EXP]I5CES ?AT >E ALSO FREE FROM !ORIES BAS$ ON LONG T]M PR$ICTION4 

,NEO-CAPITALISM'S DREAMS HAVE CRUMBL$ =EV]1 & ) !M ! BIG FACTORY SETUP1 :I* HAS SE5 ITS DAY4 ,IT BECOMES CLE> ?AT ANALYSIS BAS$ ON A RIGID CONCEPT ( ORGANIZATION PREV5TS SEE+ ECONOMIC REALITY AS IT IS1 RESULT+ 9 AN 9ADEQUATE PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY4 

,9 ORD] TO UND]/& ! *ANGES ?AT >E TAK+ PLACE IT IS NECESS>Y TO TURN \R ATT5TION TO A FEW ESS5TIAL PO9TS 9 ! OLD ECONOMIC ANALYZES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! PRODUCTIVE CYCLE ( ! F9I%$ PRODUCT1 ! CURVE ( CO/ R$UCTION RELAT$ TO ! PROCESSES LEAD+ UP TO IT1 CONC5TRATION 7BO? ( S+LE COMPANIES & OLIGOPOLI/ SECTORIAL GR\PS71 ! SIZE ( ! FIRM1 ! IDEA ?AT ! SMALL FIRM REPRES5TS ! BACKW>D P>T ( ! ECONOMY1 ! FUNCTION ( ,/ATE 9VE/M5T1 ! EXI/5CE ( ADVANC$ NUCLEI ( 9VE/ORS AT ! TE*NOLOGICAL LEVEL CAPABLE ( 9FLU5C+ ! ECONOMY ( A :OLE >EA3 !SE >E SOME ( ! CLASSICAL PO9TS 9 ! TRADITIONAL VIEW4  ,!Y >E ALL GRADUALLY DISAPPE>+4 ,! CONCLUSION IS !RE=E ?AT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO ELABORATE A G5]AL !ORY BUT ONLY APPROXIMATIONS 9 ORD] TO LIMIT ! DAMAGE ( CONTRA/S BETWE5 EXT]NAL REALITY & ! FIRM4  ,! 'NEW' 5T]PRISE IS EM]G+ FROM ?IS UNIQUE MELT+ POT4 

,?IS 5T]PRISE IS NO LONG] C5TRALIZ$ & DOES NOT S]VE AS A PO9T ( REF]5CE AT AN OPPOSITE POLE TO EXT]NAL FUNCTIONS & 9T]E/S4  ,ONCE RESE>*1 MANUFACTUR+1 COMM]CIAL DI/RIBUTION1 ,/ATE DEM& 7=C$ CON/ANT GR[?71 ! SE>* = RAW MAT]IALS1 ! SPREAD ( PROP]TY [N+1 GR[? 9 POLITICAL P[]1 ETC41 W]E ALL ELEM5TS ( PLANN+ BAS$ ON ! 'C5TRAL' POSITIVISM ( ! FACTORY4 

,! FACTORY IS NO LONG] MOV+ T[>DS A DIM5SION ( CONT9UAL EXPANSION1 NOR DOES IT CONSID] ITSELF TO BE ONE COMPACT UNIT4 ,IT CONT9UES TO DEVELOP1 BUT 9 A DIFF]5T WAY4 

,IT IS IMPORTANT TO UND]/& ?IS CONCEPT4 ,! 'NEW GR[?' IS BAS$ EXCLUSIVELY ON ! RELATIONS ! FACTORY HAS ) ! \TSIDE WORLD4  ,AGREEM5TS & PROJECTS >E GR[+ 9 TUNE ) A COMMON LANGUAGE & CODE4 ,NOT ONLY ) O!R 5T]PRISES 7LIMIT$ BY NATURAL BORD]S71 BUT ) ! 5VIRONM5T AS A :OLE1 ADVANC$ TE*NOLOGY & SCI5TIFIC RESE>*4 ,?IS NEW SY/EM 7) ,JAPAN 9 ! LEAD1 F> AHEAD ( ! ,U,S7 IS TRANS=M+ ITSELF FROM A CLOS$ SY/EM 9TO A SITUATION-SY/EM OR1 AS IT HAS BE5 CALL$1 A 'C\NTRY SY/EM'4 ,! SITUATION-SY/EM SUPPLIES TE*NOLOGY1 WORK PR(ESSIONALISM1 S]VICES1 A CAPACITY TO OV]COME & IMPROVE LEGAL 9FRA/RUCTURES AS WELL AS MAT]IAL1 SOCIAL & IDEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR4 ,9 A WORD1 IT PRODUCES A SUITABLE 5VIRONM5T4 ,NOT ! OBJECTIVE ONE ?AT ! OLD FIRM RELAT$ TO BY TRY+ TO R$UCE ITS NE$ = ORD]1 BUT A RE-ELABORAT$ 5VIRONM5T ?AT HAS BE5 MADE TO SUIT ! NEW CONCEPT ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! 5T]PRISE4 

,?IS CONCEPT %\LD BE BORNE 9 M9D :5 WE TALK ( ! 'BREAK+ UP' ( ! FACTORY4 ,IT IS NOT ONE P>TICUL> SITUATION ?AT IS 'PULV]IZ$' SO MU* AS ! :OLE SITUATION 9 ITS COMPLEXITY4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE ?IS HAS BECOME POSSIBLE DUE TO ! PRES5CE ( ELECTRONICS TE*NOLOGY :I* HAS ABOLI%$ ! CONF9ES ( SPACE1 & CONSEQU5TLY ALSO TIME4 ,WORK+ 9 REAL TIME1 ! MOD]N FIRM NO LONG] REQUIRES W>EH\SES & RIGID PROVISIONS ( P>TS4 ,IT NO LONG] REQUIRES PRODUCTION UNITS TO BE SET UP = LONG P]IODS ( TIME4 ,IT DOES NOT EV5 NE$ MASSIVE F9ANCIAL 9VE/M5T 9 ORD] TO BR+ AB\T *ANGES 9 PRODUCTION L9ES4 ,ITS FLEXIBILITY IS SU* ?AT IT IS GR[+ EXPON5TIALLY1 ESPECIALLY S9CE ! KEY PROBLEM ( MANP[] HAS BE5 SOLV$ & ! PHANTOM ( SOCIAL /RUGGLE ?AT ACCOMPANI$ IT HAS DISAPPE>$4 

,! MULT9ATIONAL AS WE KNEW IT 9 ! PA/ HAS ALSO *ANG$4 ,! GREAT SELF-SUFFICI5T COLOSSUS NO LONG] EXI/S4 ,!RE IS NO LONG] A C5T] CAPABLE ( IMPOS+ ITS DEVELOPM5T ON ! ,/ATE4 ,! NEW MULT9ATIONAL IS L9K$ TO ! 5VIRONM5T ) :I* IT 9T]ACTS1 TRY+ TO TURN EXT]NAL CONDITIONS TO ITS [N PR(IT4 ,IT NO LONG] DOM9ATES ! TE*NOLOGICAL CIRCUITS OR CONTROLS ! M>KET4 ,NO ONE FIRM1 NO MATT] H[ BIG1 CAN CONTROL ! DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NOLOGY & DECIDE ON ITS APPLICATION 7OR NOT7 TODAY4 ,! MULT9ATIONAL IS T5D+ TO BECOME A COLLECTIVE SUPRANATIONAL UND]TAK+4  ,IT IS TRANS=M+ ITSELF 9TO A HUGE COMPLEX ( COMPLEM5T>Y FIRMS L9K$ BY ! CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION TE*NOLOGY & ! 9DIVIDUAL CAPACITY TO EXPLOIT4 

,REVOLUTION>IES 

,AL?\< :AT WE HAVE DESCRIB$ IS ONLY A SKET*1 IT CANNOT FAIL TO BE ( 9T]E/ TO REVOLUTION>IES4 

,IF ! '5D' ( CRISES MEANS CAPITALISM IS SURVIV+ BY ADAPT+ TO ECONOMIC REALITY SE5 AS *AOS1 WE CANNOT TALK AB\T PROGRAMM+1 PR$ICTABILITY & ECONOMIC 'LAWS'4 ,WE CANNOT TALK ( 'CRISES'1 MEAN+ SITUATIONS ?AT WILL HAPP5 9 \R FAVOR4 

,WE CANNOT EV5 ?9K ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE AS SOME?+ ) ALT]NATE PHASES4 ,( C\RSE1 ! CLA% IS NOT 'CON/ANT' ?R\<\T TIME1 I4E4  )9 IT !RE >E MOM5TS ( GREAT] OR LESS] 9T5SITY1 BUT RA!R IT IS A QUE/ION ( QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE *ANGES ?AT CANNOT BE TRAC$ BACK DET]M9I/ICALLY TO SIMPLE ECONOMIC CAUSES4 ,A VA/ 9T]WEAV+ ( SOCIAL RELATIONS IS AT ! BASIS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,NO ANALYSIS CAN GIVE US ! TRUE Y>D/ICK = MEASUR+ EXPECTATION OR ! LEGITIMATION ( BEHAVIOR4  ,! TIME IS ALWAYS RIPE = ATTACK1 EV5 IF ! CONSEQU5CES MI<T OBVI\SLY DIFF] CONSID]ABLY4 

,9 ?IS S5SE WE MU/ ?9K AB\T ! POSSIBILITY ( REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION CORRESPOND+ TO ! REALITY ( ! CLASS CLA% AS IT IS TODAY4 

,! ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTUR+ ( ! PA/ -- FROM P>TY TO F$]AT$ GR\P1 FROM TRADE UNIONISM TO WORK]S' C\NCILS -- MORE OR LESS CORRESPOND$ TO AN IDEA ( ECONOMIC REALITY ?AT SAW ! CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE AS ! C5T]1 A CONC5TRATION ( P[] & CAPACITY TO EXPLOIT4 

,IT WAS ?\<T ?AT AN EQUALLY MONOLI?IC /RUCTURE 7UNION1 P>TY1 F$]ATION7 WAS ! LOGICAL WAY TO OPPOSE IT4 ,EV5 9 ! PA/1 :5 ONE SWORE BY ET]NAL ECONOMIC LAWS1 PRODUCTIVE REALITY WAS 9 FACT *AOTIC & ONE WAS SY/EMATICALLY P5ALIZ$ :5EV] ONE APPROA*$ IT 9 ! WRONG WAY4 ,P]HAPS ! V]Y CONCEPTS ( 'ECONOMIC CYCLES' & 'CRISES' %\LD BE SE5 9 ?IS LI<T4 

,SO1 WE HAVE *ANGES 9 ! REALITY ( PRODUCTION1 BUT ABOVE ALL WE HAVE A DIFF]5T WAY ( LOOK+ AT ?IS REALITY4 ,IT IS ?US ONCE MORE TIME TO DEVELOP A DIFF]5T WAY ( LOOK+ AT REALITY FROM A REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE4  ,I SAY ONCE MORE1 BECAUSE1 ESPECIALLY = AN>*I/S1 A RADICAL CRITIQUE HAS NEV] BE5 LACK+1 ESPECIALLY :5 WE OPPOS$ \RSELVES TO ! MONOLI?IC & QUANTITATIVE CONCEPTS ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM & ! QUASI-POLITICAL P>TY 9FATUATIONS ( ! GREAT AN>*I/ F$]ATIONS4 

,A DIFF]5T ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE IS 9 L>GE P>T /ILL TO BE ?\<T \T & BR\<T AB\T1 BUT C]TA9LY DOES NOT NE$ TO BE DISCOV]$ ANEW4  ,ANY ATTEMPT TO RESUSCITATE ! CORPSES ( PA/ ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES %\LD CONTA9 CL>IFICATION AS TO H[ !Y /& 9 ! FACE ( AN ECONOMIC 7& SOCIAL7 REALITY ?AT IS BECOM+ EASI] TO UND]/& 9 T]MS ( 9DET]M9ISM1 C]TA9LY NOT ?R\< RIGID ECONOMIC LAWS4 ,EA* TIME ?IS EXPLANATION IS ATTEMPT$1 EA* TIME REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONAL PROPOSALS />T (F TI$ TO IMAGES ( ! PA/ 7P>TIES1 F$]ATIONS1 GR\PS1 SYNDICALISM1 ETC471 WE REALIZE H[ ! COMMON CONCEPTION ( ECONOMIC REALITY IS L9K$ TO ! ASSUMPTION ?AT MORE OR LESS RIGID LAWS EXI/4 ,IF !SE LAWS >E TAK5 = GRANT$1 OR >E TIMIDLY HIDD5 BETWE5 ! L9ES1 ! FAI? 9 ECONOMIC CYCLES ( 'CRISES' COMES TO ! =E4 ,& ?IS FAI?1 JU/ LIKE ANY O!R ONE1 TURNS \T TO BE V]Y CONV5I5T 9 TIMES ( H>D%IP4 

,BY SUBMITT+ ! ECONOMIC MODELS ( ! PA/ TO A RADICAL CRITIQUE1 WE CA/ FUR!R D\BT UPON ! PRES5T 7MOREOV]1 VACILLAT+7 CONVICTIONS CONC]N+ ! ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURES ( REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS G5]ALLY & ( ! AN>*I/ ONE 9 P>TICUL>4 

,BUT1 AS WE KN[1 REVOLUTION>IES T5D TO BE MORE CONS]VATIVE ?AN ! CONS]VATIVES4 

,*APT] #h4 ,QUALITY & ! ,FACTORY 

,! BATTLE = QUALITY 9 PRODUCTION1 A REFLEX ( ! OLD IDEOLOGY ( ! BATTLE = ! QUALITY ( LIFE1 IS AIM$ AT CONQU]+ WID] >EAS ( ! M>KET BY PROPOS+ FACTORY SY/EMS ?AT W]E ONCE CONSID]$ TO BE FUTURI/IC4 

,AL?\< ?IS IS APP>5TLY AIM$ AT ! CONQUE/ ( NEW 'CLI5TS'1 IT CONCEALS ANO!R -- P]HAPS MANY O!R -- ASPECTS ?AT >E NOT DEVOID ( 9T]E/4 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 A BATTLE = QUALITY HAS ALWAYS EXI/$ TO A C]TA9 EXT5T1 9 ?AT QUALITY CONTROLS HAVE ALWAYS EXI/$ 9 FACTORIES4 ,IT IS JU/ ?AT MANAGEM5T HAVE N[ REALIZ$ ?AT COMPUT]IZ$ CONTROL ( ! 5D PRODUCT IS NOT ONLY CO/LY BUT PO9TLESS1 AS IT LIMITS ITSELF TO E/ABLI%+ LACK ( QUALITY1 PUTT+ A M$IOCRE & (T5 UNACCEPTABLE PRODUCT ON ! M>KET4 

,! MOVE TO QUALITY CONTROL1 A TRUE REVOLUTION 9 RE/RUCTUR+ F> BEYOND :AT IT MI<T SEEM AT FIR/ SI<T1 W\LD HAVE BE5 IMPOSSIBLE 9 ! OLD ASSEMBLY L9E SY/EM :]E ! 9DIVIDUAL WORK] HAD TO RESPECT TIME ACCORD+ TO ! OLD TAYLORI/ MODEL4 ,! OLD SY/EM WAS BAS$ ON SPE$+ UP ! WORK PACE & 9CREAS+ \TPUT1 :ILE QUALITY WAS ONLY A M>G9AL ASPECT ( ! TE*NICAL SIDE ( PRODUCTION ALONG ) RAW MAT]IALS1 ! USE ( MA*9]Y1 R$UCTION ( WA/E1 & SO ON4 

,! ADV5T ( ROBOTIZ$ PRODUCTION UNITS 9 PLACE ( ! OLD ASSEMBLY L9ES HAS ALSO *ANG$ ?+S AMONG ! FEW WORK]S :O >E LEFT1 ?OSE :O TAKE C>E ( ! NON-AUTOMAT$ ASPECTS ( F9I%+4 ,?IS WORK =CE HAS N[ BE5 DRAWN 9TO ! IDEOLOGY ( PATRONAGE1 />T$ 9 ,AM]ICA & DEVELOP$ TO ITS EXTREME CONSEQU5CES BY ,JAPANESE 9DU/RY4 

,?IS EXP$I5T IS BAS$ ON FUTURI/IC TE*NIQUES ?AT HAD BE5 US$ BY ,VOLVO FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,SEV5TIES1 SU* AS SO-CALL$ PRODUCTION ISL&S4 ,! WORK] WAS CONSID]$ TO BE ! SUPPLI] ( A HYPO!TICAL CLI5T 9 ! SAME FACTORY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! WORK] ASSIGN$ TO F9I%+ C> DOOR H&LES CAME TO BE CONSID]$ A SUPPLI] TO ! WORK] F9I%+ ! C> DOORS4 ,HE 9 TURN IS CONSID]$ A SUPPLI] TO ! BODYWORK ASSEMBLY CONTROLL]1 & SO ON UP TO ! LA/ CLI5T -- NOT ! BUY] ( ! C>1 BUT ! HEAD ( ! PRODUCTION UNIT :O CONTROLS ! F9I%$ PRODUCT4 ,AT EA* PO9T1 ?R\< REW>DS & 9C5TIVES1 EA* 9DIVIDUAL WORK] IS PRESSUR$ 9TO D5\NC+ ANY DEFECTS4 ,?US1 IF :OEV] FIXES ! H&LES LETS FAULTY PIECES GO ?R\<1 HE IS REPORT$ BY HIS WORKMATE AT ! DOOR ASSEMBLY /AGE :5 HE NOTICES ?AT ! H&LE DOES NOT WORK PROP]LY4 ,?IS IS DONE BY PLAC+ A YELL[ C>D ON A BO>D4 ,IT DOES NOT LEAD TO SANCTIONS3 SU* A ?+ W\LD HAVE MET ) REAL RESI/ANCE BECAUSE NOT EV]YBODY IS WILL+ TO ACT ! SPY4 ,! OP]ATOR'S 9DICATION ONLY CONC]NS ! MALFUNCTION+ H&LE1 IT IS NOT AIM$ AT ANY O!R WORK] P]SONALLY4 ,IT IS AS ?\< A CLI5T W]E TO MAKE A CLAIM TO A MANAG]1 AS ?\< )9 ONE FACTORY PEOPLE W]E PRODUC+ & SUPPLY+ PRODUCTS TO EA* O!R4 ,! YELL[ C>DS >E DISCUSS$ AT A MEET+ AT SECTORIAL LEVEL :]E ! CAUSES ( ! TE*NICAL DEFICI5CY >E DISCUSS$ & REM$IES >E F\ND4 

,A FEW CONSID]ATIONS CAN BE MADE CONC]N+ ?IS 9T]NAL COLLABORATION :I* IS BE+ REQUE/$ ( ! OLD WORK+ CLASS4 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 AL?\< IT IS AN IDEA ?AT COMES FAIRLY CLOSE TO COMANAGEM5T1 IT IS MORE SECURE AS IT TAKES ! WORK]S AWAY FROM ! LEVEL ( DECISION-MAK+ & PUTS !M 9 A CONFLICTUAL RELATION%IP ) ONE ANO!R AT EV]Y LEVEL ( PRODUCTION1 SOME?+ ?AT W>DS (F ANY IDEAS AB\T SELF-MANAGEM5T & ELIM9ATES ! POSSIBILITY ( A GR[? 9 CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 

,9 ! SECOND PLACE !SE 9ITIATIVES1 :I* >E NOT LIMIT$ TO ! PRODUCTION L9E BUT P]MEATE ! :OLE NEW WAY ( CONSID]+ ! PRODUCTIVE SETUP 7!RE=E ALSO ADM9I/RATION1 RESE>*1 SALES & SO ON71 HAVE BE5 MADE POSSIBLE ?R\< ! COMPUT] TE*NOLOGY :I* HAS TRANSF]R$ ALL ! TASKS /ILL L9K$ TO RATES ( PRODUCTION1 !RE=E TO TIME1 TO COMPLETELY AUTOMAT$ PROCESSES1 I4E41 !Y >E C>RI$ \T BY ROBOTS4 

,F9ALLY1 ! CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS WAY ( PROCE$+ %\LD BE PO9T$ \T3 CLASS DIS9TEGRATION AT ! WORKPLACE1 >TIFICIAL QUALITY COMPETITION1 PR(ESSIONAL COMPETITIV5ESS ?AT HAS NO?+ REAL AB\T IT AS IT CONTA9S ITS [N LIMIT$ RANGE ( POSSIBLE 9T]V5TION1 A R$UC$ 9T]E/ 9 MAK+ CLAIMS ?R\< ! UNION1 & ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ANY ( ! MORE ADVANC$ CONFLICTUALITY ?AT ! UNIONS (T5 F\ND !MSELVES =C$ TO TOL]ATE & MANAGE4 

,! B5EFIT = CAPITAL IS CONSID]ABLE & V>I$3 AVOID+ QUALITY CONTROLS1 OBTA9+ SUP]IOR QUALITY LEAD+ TO GREAT] COMPETITIV5ESS ON ! M>KET1 R$UC+ CO/S1 & CONTROLL+ CONFLICTUALITY BY *ANNEL+ IT 9 ! DIRECTION ( SIMPLE M>KET COMPETITION4 

,!SE >E ALL 9/RUM5TS AGA9/ :I* ! UNIONS >E DIS>M$4 

,*APT] #i4 ,/REAML9$ PRODUCTION 

,ONE ( ! MA9 *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! FACTORY TODAY IS ITS FAILURE TO A*IEVE COMPLETE AUTOMATION DUE TO A LACK 9 ! P]SPECTIVE &1 IF Y\ LIKE1 ASPIRATION TO MASS PRODUCTION4 

,! FACT ?AT ! HI/ORIC 5C\NT] BETWE5 COMPUT]IZ$ PRODUCTION & ! TRADITIONALLY FIX$ MODEL 7RIGID PRODUCTION L9ES :I* CAME TO BE P>TLY AUTOMAT$ BY ! USE ( ROBOTS7 HAS NOT L$ TO COMPLETE AUTOMATION1 IS NOT DUE TO TE*NICAL CAUSES BUT TO PROBLEMS ( AN ECONOMIC NATURE & ! RELAT$ M>KET CONDITIONS4 ,! USE ( ! TE*NOLOGIES ?AT HAVE TAK5 ! PLACE ( MANUAL LABOR HAS NOT REA*$ SATURATION LEVEL4 ,9 FACT NEW P]SPECTIVES >E CONT9UALLY OP5+ UP 9 ?IS DIRECTION4 ,:AT HAS BE5 SURPASS$1 & SO BECOME USELESS 9 T]MS ( MAXIMAL PR(IT1 IS ! /RATEGY ( MASS PRODUCTION4 

,! FLEXIBILITY GU>ANTE$ BY COMPUT] TE*NOLOGY1 :I* 9CREAS$ DUR+ ! GR[+ PHASE ( PO/-9DU/RIAL TRANS=MATION1 HAS L$ TO SU* PR(\ND *ANGES AT A C]TA9 PO9T 9 ! M>KET /RUCTURE & DEM& AS TO MAKE ANY P]SPECTIVE ( COMPLETE AUTOMATION PO9TLESS4 ,FLEXIBILITY & /REAML9$ PRODUCTION MOV$ TO ! REALM ( ! M>KET 9/EAD1 CREAT+ A FL\RI% ( NEW P]SPECTIVES 9 DEM& :I* WAS TO BECOME DIV]SIFI$ TO AN EXT5T ?AT WAS QUITE UN?9KABLE UP UNTIL EV5 QUITE REC5TLY4 

,N[1 AS IT IS EASY TO SEE BY READ+ ! ACC\NTS ( SOME ( BIG 9DU/RY'S %>EHOLD]S1 AUTOMATION IS CREAT+ CO/S ?AT >E FA/ BECOM+ UNECONOMIC4 ,ONLY A P]SPECTIVE ( 9T5SE SOCIAL UPHEAVAL C\LD =CE !M BACK ALONG ! PA? ( TOTAL AUTOMATION4 

,= ?IS REASON ! CO/ ( PRODUCTION IS NO LONG] R$UC$ BY SIMPLY L[]+ LABOR CO/S1 AS HAPP5$ OV] ! PA/ TWELVE YE>S ) ! ALMO/ COMPLETE SUB/ITUTION ( ! WORK] ) COMPUT] TE*NOLOGY1 BUT ALSO BY A MORE CONSID]$ MANAGEM5T ( SO-CALL$ OV]PRODUCTION4 ,9 %ORT1 A RU?LESS ANALYSIS ( WA/E 9 G5]AL1 PRIM>ILY FROM ! PRODUCTION PO9T ( VIEW4 ,SO1 ONCE AGA9 PRESSURE IS BE+ PUT ON ! PRODUC] 9 FLE% & BLOOD1 PROMPT+ AN AB\T-TURN ON ! CLAIM ?AT COMPUT] TE*NOLOGY WAS TO ALLEVIATE ALL ! SUFF]+ & EXPLOITATION ?AT HAS ALWAYS *>ACT]IZ$ WAG$ WORK4 

,SO R$UCTION 9 WA/E IS BECOM+ ! NEW AIM ( /REAML9$ PRODUCTION BAS$ ON FLEXIBILITY & GU>ANTE$ PRODUCTIVE POT5TIAL4 ,& ! CO/ ( ?IS R$UCTION 9 WA/E IS FALL+ 5TIRELY ON ! PRODUC]'S %\LD]S4  ,9 FACT1 MA!MATICAL ANALYSIS ?R\< COMPLEX SY/EMS -- :I* HAVE BE5 US$ BY ! BIG COMPANIES = SOME TIME N[ -- CAN EASILY SOLVE TE*NICAL PROBLEMS SU* AS H[ TO COMB9E RAW MAT]IALS & MA*9]Y4 ,BUT ! SOLUTION ( !SE PROBLEMS W\LD /ILL BE M>G9AL TO PRODUCTION AS A :OLE1 W]E IT NOT N[ ALSO ABLE TO CONTROL ! RATE ( ! LATT]4 

,OLD-FA%ION$ TAYLORISM IS COM+ BACK 9TO FA%ION1 FILT]$ ?R\< NEW PSY*OLOGY & 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY !ORIES1 ! FLEXIBILITY ( ! V>I\S COMPON5TS1 & ! MYRIAD ( SMALL PRODUC]S :O SUPPORT IT4 ,LABOR 9 T]MS ( TIME IS !RE=E ! BASIC UNIT ( ! NEW PRODUCTION3 CONTROL ( ! LATT]1 ) NO WA/E 7BUT )\T ANY /UPIDLY REGRESSIVE EXAGG]ATION7 IS ! 9DISP5SABLE CONNECTION BETWE5 ! OLD PRODUCTIVE MODEL & ! NEW ONE4 

,! NEW =MS ( CONTROL >E ( A P]VASIVE NATURE1 I4E4 !Y T5D TO P5ETRATE ! 9DIVIDUAL PRODUC]'S M9D1 CREAT+ G5]IC PSY*OLOGICAL CONDITIONS ?AT TAKE ! PLACE ( ! EXT]NAL CONTROLS ?AT W]E SET ?R\< /RICT PRODUCTION TIMETABLES4 ,SELF-CONTROL & SELF-PRESCRIPTION ( H\RS & WORK-PACE IS GRADUALLY TAK+ !IR PLACE1 BUT ?IS IS /ILL ULTIMATELY DECID$ UPON BY ! MANAGEM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE UNITS4 ,!SE DECISIONS MI<T COME FROM DEMOCRATIC DISCUSSION AT ! BASE1 FROM ! S+LE WORK]S )9 ! V>I\S PRODUCTION UNITS1 9 ORD] TO ROOT ! PROCESS ( SELF-DET]M9ATION EV5 MORE DEEPLY4 

,9 ?IS WAY !RE IS TALK ( A K9D ( 'ADAPTIVE SYN*RONIZATION'1 BR\<T AB\T1 NOT ONCE & = ALL1 BUT IMPLEM5T$ P]IODICALLY OR = S+LE CAMPAIGNS OR PRODUCTION L9ES4 ,?IS AIMS TO CREATE A CONV]G5CE ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 WORK]S & BOSSES1 NOT ONLY 9 ! TE*NICAL SPH]E ( PRODUCTION BUT ALSO 9DIRECTLY1 9 ! SPH]E ( ! M>KET4 

,9 FACT IT IS PRECISELY ! M>KET ?AT IS N[ L9K+ !SE TWO T5D5CIES 9 ! NEW FLEXIBLE =M ( PRODUCTION4 ,! OLD FACTORY SAW ITSELF AS ! C5T] ( ! WORLD ( PRODUCTION1 IT WAS ! RIGID ELEM5T FROM :I* TO />T (F TO CREATE MORE CONSUM] DEM&S1 & SATISFY !M4 ,?AT PRODUC$ AN IDEOLOGY :I* SAW ! WORK] AS C5TRAL1 MANAG$ BY SOME P>TY LEAD] & AIM$ AT ORGANIZ+ ! DE/9Y ( ! PROLET>IAT & ! :OLE FACTORY SY/EM4 ,! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ?IS P]SPECTIVE CANNOT BE MORE OBVI\S TODAY1 NOT SO MU* BECAUSE ( ! COLLAPSE ( ACTUAL SOCIALISM1 BUT PRECISELY DUE TO ! *ANGES WE HAVE BE5 TALK+ AB\T4 ,!RE IS NO LONG] ANY DI/ANCE BETWE5 ! RIGIDITY ( PRODUCTION & ! *AOTIC FLEXIBILITY & UNPR$ICTABILITY ( ! M>KET4 ,BO? ASPECTS HAVE BE5 BR\<T BACK UND] ! COMMON D5OM9ATOR ( V>IABILITY & /REAML9+4 ,! WAY TO AFFECT CONSUM]ISM1 BY BO? ANTICIPAT+ & CREAT+ IT1 IS TO LET IT GO BACK TO ! *AOS ( ! M>KET & AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL ( FLEXIBILITY4  ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! RIGID OLD WORLD ( PRODUCTION IS MOV+ 9TO ! NEW /REAML9$ V]SION4 ,! TWO >E MEET+ 9 ?IS NEW DIM5SION1 :]E FUTURE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL P[] WILL BE BUILT4 

,*APT] #a4 ,A LITTLE MAN 9 ,S+APORE 

,B>+S IS A SMALL COMM]CIAL BANK 9 ,LONDON4 ,IT MADE ! HEADL9ES ! WORLD OV] DUE TO ! COLLAPSE ?AT RESULT$ FROM DISA/R\S OP]ATIONS C>RI$ \T 9 ! ,TOKYO ,/OCK ,EX*ANGE BY ONE ( ITS EMPLOYES1 ,NICK ,LEESON1 !IR AG5T 9 ! ,S+APORE BRAN*4 

,! NEWS W\LD NOT HAVE ATTRACT$ MU* ATT5TION HAD IT NOT BE5 = ! AMATEURI%1 FOLKLORI/IC QUALITY ( SC&AL J\RNALISM ?AT REPORTS C]TA9 ECONOMIC EV5TS1 R$UC+ !M ALMO/ TO FICTION1 9 ! AMBIT ( ! P[]FUL BUS9ESS FAMILIES1 HI< F9ANCE & 9DU/RY4 

,BUT :AT REALLY HAPP5$8 ,! CASE 9DICATES A SPECULATIVE M5TALITY ?AT IS SPREAD+ NOT ONLY AMONG ! SMALL BANKS1 :I* >E US$ TO MOV+ LIKE ROGUE TORP$OES 9 ! 9CREAS+LY /ORMY SEA ( ! PR9CIPLES ( ! 9T]NATIONAL /OCK EX*ANGES1 BUT ALSO AMONG ! GIANTS 9 ! SECTOR4 ,! *ANCE TO MAKE 5ORM\S PR(ITS IS AFFECT+ NOT ONLY ! 9DIVIDUAL'S DISPOSITION TO RISK & ADV5TURE1 BUT CAN AFFECT ! PROJECTS ( EV5 ! MO/ A/UTE & PRUD5T BANK]S4 

,M5 LIKE ,LEESON >E NO?+ EXCEPTIONAL4 ,!Y >E LITTLE MORE ?AN ORD9>Y EMPLOYES :O OP]ATE AS 9T]M$I>IES ) ! /OCK EX*ANGE4  ,!Y TRANSMIT ORD]S = BUY+ & SELL+ 9 ! AMBIT ( EX*ANGE & VALUE4 ,! RESULT+ FLUX ( FICTITI\S MONEY -- :I* CAN BE TRANS=M$ 9TO READY CA% AT ! TIME ( ! P]IODICAL /ATEM5TS ( ACC\NTS :5 !Y TOTAL UP :AT HAS BE5 B\<T & SOLD -- IS LEAD+ TO LIMITLESS GR[? 9 ! AM\NTS BE+ NEGOTIAT$4 ,MOREOV]1 ! COMPUT]IZATION ( BUY+ & SELL+ CONTRACTS HAS MADE POSSIBLE RAPID V>IATIONS ?AT W]E ONCE UN?9KABLE4 

,?IS HAS L$ TO V>I\S CONSEQU5CES4 ,WE WILL CONSID] TWO ( ! MORE IMPORTANT ONES H]E4 ,SU* SPECULATIONS >E MAK+ IT POSSIBLE TO RE/ORE ! EQUILIBRIUM ( ! 9T]NATIONAL M>KET )9 C]TA9 LIMITS 7AT LEA/ ?AT ( ! DOM9ANT /OCK EX*ANGE74 ,?IS ALL[S TIME & ! POSSIBILITY = ! GIANTS ( ! WORLD ECONOMY TO RUN TO ! RESCUE1 I4E4 TO DEAD5 ! BL[S !Y DEAL EA* O!R 9 ! CONQUE/ ( M>KETS1 ! SE>* = BETT] ORD]S1 ! *OICE ( PROGRAMS & PRODUCTION L9ES1 & ! IMPORTATION ( NEW PRODUCTS & NEW IDEAS ( CONSUM]ISM4 ,:]EAS BE=E1 9 ! FACE ( A RISK$ COLLAPSE ( ! /OCK EX*ANGE1 ! /RATEGY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL MULT9ATIONALS WAS MORE DISCREET & PRUD5T1 !Y HAVE N[ BECOME MORE AGGRESSIVE4 ,9SIGNIFICANT %RIMPS LIKE ,LEESON WORK LIKE SLAVES LOCK$ UP 9 !IR GOLD5 CAGES TO MAKE ?IS TELEMATIC REALITY POSSIBLE4 

,SECOND PO9T4 ,BANKS HAVE N[ ASSUM$ UNPREC$5T$ IMPORTANCE4  ,!Y >E NO LONG] M]ELY TELL]S1 BUT HAVE BECOME ECONOMIC OP]ATORS !MSELVES4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 !Y WORK ON !IR [N1 MAK+ PROJECTS = & MANAG+ L>GE *UNKS ( ! F9ANCIAL M>KET4 ,F9ALLY1 HI<] & HI<] /AKES >E CREAT$ 7SU* AS ?OSE BAS$ ON ! SO-CALL$ 'BYPRODUCTS'1 I4E4 ON ! TR5DS ( ! V>I\S WORLD /OCK M>KET 9DEXES71 :]E !RE IS NO LONG] ANY RELATION%IP ) ! CONCRET5ESS1 ALBEIT IT R>EFI$1 ( ! 9DIVIDUAL COMPANIES4 

,OBVI\SLY1 AT ! 5D ( ! DAY1 !RE IS A PRICE TO BE PAID = ! COLLAPSE ( ONE S+LE BANK & ! COV]AGE GIV5 BY ! O!RS CALL$ TO ! RESCUE4 

,WE LEAVE IT UP TO Y\ TO GUESS :O PAYS IT4 

,*APT] #a#a4 ,! E?ICAL BANK 

,A BANK ?AT GU>ANTEES IT WILL DEAL ) MONEY 9 AN E?ICAL WAY1 9 O!R WORDS ONE ?AT FUNCTIONS )9 A GLOBAL PROJECT ( JU/ICE1 SOLID>ITY1 AUTONOMY & NONVIOL5CE4 

,IS SU* A ?+ POSSIBLE8 ,SOME PEOPLE BELIEVE SO & D$ICATE !IR TIME TO SUPPORT+ ?IS K9D ( 9ITIATIVE1 I4E4 TO CREAT+ BANKS ?AT1 9 !IR OP9ION1 >E CAPABLE ( OP]AT+ 9 ! ECONOMIC FIELD ) A SOCIAL CONSCI5CE & SOME CRIT]IA ( SOLID>ITY1 SATISFY+ PHYSICAL1 CULTURAL1 EMOTIONAL & SPIRITUAL NE$S RA!R ?AN ! SIMPLE PR(IT-MAK+ ?AT REGULATES COMM]CIAL BANKS4 

,!SE E?ICAL BANKS DO NOT SET PR(IT AS !IR GOAL1 BUT HAVE A SOCIAL AIM1 9 ?AT !Y WANT TO PREV5T M>G9ALIZATION & FAVOR COOP]ATION BETWE5 ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES & ?OSE ?AT >E CONSID]ABLY LESS SO4 ,TO PUT IT SIMPLY1 !Y WANT TO CREATE H>MONY BETWE5 E?ICS1 POLITICS & ECONOMY4 ,DISCUSSIONS AB\T 9ITIATIVES SU* AS ?IS1 :I* SEE !MSELVES AS SELF-MANAG$1 M]IT FUR!R EXAM9ATION4 ,H]E WE WILL LIMIT \RSELVES TO MAK+ A FEW PO9TS4 

,IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO 'SEP>ATE' ONE SECTOR ( ! ECONOMY & MANAGE IT DIFF]5TLY TO ! RE/4 ,NO ONE CAN S]I\SLY BELIEVE IT IS POSSIBLE TO 5T] ! WORLD ( F9ANCE & KEEP !MSELVES RIGOR\SLY SEP>ATE FROM ! F9ANCIAL SY/EM AS A :OLE4 ,?AT IS IMPOSSIBLE FROM ! MOM5T ONE GOES BEYOND ! ?RE%OLD ( MEAN+1 I4E4 AS SOON AS ! BANK & ALT]NATIVE NETWORK BECOMES A PO9T ( REF]5CE = ! (F] ( MONEY4  ,! FASC9ATION = ! IDEA ( ALT]NATIVE CR$IT GOES BACK TO ATTEMPTS TO REALIZE ,PR\DHON'S IDEAS1 :I* W]E DEVELOP$ NOT FROM AN E?ICAL PO9T ( VIEW1 BUT AS AN 9/RUM5T ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ALL P]VASIVE P[] ( CAPITALISM4 ,?OSE :O EXAM9$ ! E?ICAL PROBLEM ( ECONOMIC MANAGEM5T -- NOT ONLY F9ANCE1 BUT ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE -- W]E ECONOMI/S ( ! ,CA?OLIC S*OOL1 ,TONIOLO1 !N ,VITO & ,P>RILLO1 ! LATE/ TO HAVE WORK$ \T ! PROBLEM 9 T]MS ?AT W]E ACCEPTABLE TO CAPITAL4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,ROMAN ,CA?OLIC *UR* HAS APPROA*$ ! PROBLEM ON MORE ?AN ONE OCCASION1 ) ALL DUE CAUTION4 

,WE >E CONV9C$ ?AT NO SU* ?+ AS AN 'E?ICAL' MANAGEM5T ( MONEY IS POSSIBLE1 JU/ AS !RE IS NO WAY TO FACE CAPITAL & ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE ?AT IS NOT CONFLICTUAL4 

,IT IS SUFFICI5T TO READ ! LI/ ( PR9CIPLES ?AT >E DEF9$ AS 'E?ICAL-POLITICAL' BY ! PROMOT]S !MSELVES1 TO SEE :AT WE MEAN3 

MY MONEY MU/ SIMPLY BE AN 9/RUM5T1 NOT A S\RCE ( PR(IT2 

MY MONEY MU/ NOT S]VE TO F9ANCE ! >MS TRADE2 

MY MONEY MU/ NOT BE MIX$ ) 'ESCAP+' CAPITAL2 

MY MONEY MU/ NOT SUPPORT DICTATOR%IPS2 

MY MONEY MU/ NOT SPECULATE ON POV]TY2 

MY MONEY MU/ NOT SUPPORT ACTIVITIES 9VOLV+ LAUND]$ WEAL? D]IV$ FROM ILLEGAL ACTIVITY4 

,?AT IS ALL V]Y WELL1 SO LONG AS 'MY MONEY' REMA9S 'M9E' & SO LONG AS IT PAYS ME SUFFICI5T 9T]E/4 

,DO WE REALLY BELIEVE WE CAN SELF-MANAGE & 'HUMANIZE' CAPITALISM8 

,I C]TA9LY DON'T4 

,*APT] #a#b4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T 9 ,ITALY -- H[ COME EV]Y?+ DOESN'T EXPLODE8 

,WE (T5 ASK \RSELVES :Y NOBODY ACTS 9 A SITUATION LIKE ! PRES5T4 ,:Y DO SO MANY UNEMPLOY$ NOT REBEL8 ,H[ DOES ! ECONOMIC & ,/ATE SY/EM MANAGE TO APPE> TO DEAL ) EV]Y?+ SO EF=TLESSLY8  ,WE WILL TRY TO ANSW] SOME ( !SE QUE/IONS4 ,9 DO+ SO IT WILL BECOME CLE> H[ WE NE$ TO 'GO BEYOND' ECONOMY 9 ! N>R[ S5SE ( ! WORD IF WE WANT TO UND]/& H[ EXPLOITATION WORKS TODAY4 

,UNEMPLOYM5T 9 ,ITALY TODAY 

,! DATA AVAILABLE REF]S TO #aihg & CAN BE SUMM$ UP 9 T]MS ( TWO T5D5CIES3 MORE JOBS 9 ! T]TI>Y 7S]VICES7 SECTOR & A CONSID]ABLE FALL 9 ! 9DU/RIAL ONE1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! L>GE 5T]PRISES4 

,WE WILL LOOK AT *ANGES ?AT HAVE BE5 TAK+ PLACE 9 PRODUCTION OV] ! PA/ FEW YE>S & ! RESULTANT MODIFICATIONS NOT ONLY 9 REVOLUTION>Y EXPECTATIONS BUT ALSO CONC]N+ PRACTICES TO BE IMPLEM5T$4 

,IT HAS BE5 CALCULAT$ ?AT !RE >E OV] #c11 UNEMPLOY$ 9 ,ITALY TODAY4 ,9 ! 9DU/RIAL SECTOR BETWE5 #aigg & #a#i#h#g1 WORK]S DECREAS$ BY #i11 MAK+ IT POSSIBLE = 9DU/RY TO RECUP]ATE LO/ PR(ITS4  ,9 FACT1 FOLL[+ ! 9ITIAL FALL BETWE5 #a#i#g#g-#a#i#h !RE HAVE BE5 PR(IT 9CREASES 9 ! L>GE FIRMS FROM #fgd BILLION LIRA 9 #aih TO #h1 BILLION 9 #a#i#h#g4 

,9 ! ,ITALIAN 9DU/RIAL SECTOR1 :]E ! GREATE/ DECL9E TOOK PLACE1 PRODUCTIVITY HAS 9CREAS$ BY AB\T #ba P] C5T S9CE #a#i#h1 :ILE JOB R$UCTION /&S AT AB\T #af P] C5T4 

,?IS DEMON/RATES BEYOND ANY D\BT ?AT UNEMPLOYM5T 9 ,ITALY IS CAUS$ MA9LY BY ! PRODUCTIVE SECTOR'S GR[+ 9CAPACITY TO PROVIDE WORK4 ,BIG 9DU/RY HAS UND]GONE RE/RUCTUR+1 RESULT+ 9 A DRA/IC R$UCTION ( ! WORK =CE4 ,! TURN+ PO9T CAME >\ND ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,EI<TIES4 ,IT WAS REALIZ$ !N ?AT %ORT-T]M ADJU/M5TS W]E NOT 5\< & ?AT MASSIVE RE/RUCTUR+ WAS NECESS>Y1 F> FROM ! OLD & ON]\S CONTRIBUTIONS ( FIX$ CAPITAL4 ,CLASS CONFLICT WAS AT A L[ EBB AT ! TIME4  ,! ,/ATE1 9 RESPONSE TO SOLICITATIONS BY CAPITAL1 HAD US$ ALL ! MEANS AT ITS DISPOSAL1 FROM ! N[ COLLABORATIONI/ TRADE UNIONS 7AT BE/ LIMIT$ TO RETROGRADE /RUGGLES71 TO ! P>AD+ ( ! PH5OM5ON ( 'T]RORISM'4 

,! PRODUCTION CRISIS 9 ! ,EI<TIES L$ TO AN UND]-USE ( PLANTS1 FOLL[$ BY A REVISION ( LABOR CO/S3 MASS SACK+S1 E>LY P5SIONS1 REC\RSE TO LAY(FS & COLLAT]AL CONTRACTS4 ,! PH5OM5ON WAS ! REV]SE ( ! WAGE 9CREASES & R$UCTION 9 PRODUCTIVITY ( ! ,SEV5TIES4 ,! CAPITALI/S MADE IT PLA9 ?AT ONE C\LD ONLY BE EMPLOY$ AFT] PASS+ ?R\< AN 9ITIAL PHASE ( UNEMPLOYM5T4 

,TILL !N CAPITALI/S1 BE+ UNABLE TO T\* ! EXTREMELY RIGID CO/ ( LABOR1 HAD ONLY BE5 ABLE TO MODIFY PRICES 9 ! SPH]E ( :AT IS KN[N AS ! 'TE*NICAL PROBLEM'4 ,N[1 ) ! COLLABORATION ( ! UNIONS & ! ,C,P1 LABOR CO/S HAVE GONE D[N4 ,9FLATION IS DECREAS+1 PRODUCTIVITY IS RIS+1 WORK] COMBATIV5ESS IS AT AN ALL-TIME L[4 ,! WORK+ CLASS IS DIS9TEGRAT+4 

,WAYS ( PUTT+ A BRAKE ON ?+S 

,9 A ,/ATE ?AT CLAIMS TO HAVE 'SOCIAL' CONNOTATIONS1 ! =CES :I* 9 !ORY %\LD BE DEF5D+ ! WORK]S' 9T]E/S >E LOOK+ AFT] ?OSE ( CAPITAL4 ,IT HAS BECOME COMMON TO SEEK ALT]NATIVE SOLUTIONS = ?OSE EXCLUD$ FROM WORK4 ,! UNIONS HAVE TAK5 ON ?IS1 LET US SAY1 9/ITUTIONAL TASK4 ,! ,/ATE WANTS TO AVOID DISORD]1 CAPITAL WANTS TO AVOID A DROP 9 DEM&4 ,BUT ?IS TIME ,/ATE 9VE/M5T IS NOT MOV+ T[>DS ! HUGE FIX$ PLANTS ?AT S]V$ AS POLES ( ATTRACTION = COLLAT]AL ACTIVITIES4 ,?AT P]IOD HAS GONE = GOOD4 ,N[ !Y >E MOV+ 9TO ! T]TI>Y SECTOR1 ! EM]G+ SECTOR :I* HAS MORE POSSIBILITY ( ABSORB+ ! WORK =CE4  ,H]E TOO 9T]E/S CO9CIDE3 CAPITAL NE$S S]VICES 9 ORD] TO RE/RUCTURE ! PRIM>Y SECTOR1 ! ,/ATE S]VES AS REGULATOR1 & ! UNIONS SEE ! SOLUTION AS CLOS] TO !IR 9/ITUTIONAL TASK4 ,! RESULT IS A RE9=C+ ( ! L>GE 9DU/RIES1 ) L[] SET CO/S & GREAT] FLEXIBILITY1 A WEAK5+ ( ! WORK+ CLASS :I* IS REA*+ A PO9T ( DIS9TEGRATION ?AT WAS ABSOLUTELY UN?9KABLE A FEW YE>S AGO1 & A TRANS=MATION ( ! ROLE ( ! ,/ATE -- N[ MOV+ T[>DS BECOM+ ! DIRECT CONTRACTOR1 NO LONG] LIMIT+ ITSELF TO ! ROLE ( SIMPLY REGULAT+ T5SION4 

,! SOLUTION AS A :OLE IS ?AT ( SUPPORT+ DEM&1 AT LEA/ 9 ! M$IUM T]M 7LAY(FS71 CONTA9+ 9FLATION BY R$UC+ ! LEVEL ( REAL WAGES1 & A RE9=C+ ( ! POLITICAL ROLE ( ! ,/ATE 7/RONG] & MORE DURABLE GOV]NM5T74 ,?IS V]Y COMPLEX ME*ANISM HAS BE5 SET 9 MOTION 9 ,ITALY & V>I\S O!R ,/ATES4 ,! ,U,S EXAMPLE -- MODEL & EXT]NAL V>IABLE ( \R ECONOMIC SY/EM -- HAS S]V$ AS AN IMPORTANT PO9T ( REF]5CE4 

,9 ! ,U,S !RE WAS A CONSID]ABLE RECESSION 9 #aiha :I* LA/$ = MORE ?AN TWO YE>S4 ,! ,/ATE MANAG$ TO COME ?R\< IT BY SETT+ UP A MODEL ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL 9T]V5TION4 ,IT /OPP$ FE>+ 9FLATION ) ! RESULT ?AT !RE W]E CONSID]ABLE CR$IT FACILITATION3 9VE/ORS ALL OV] ! WORLD P\R$ FUNDS 9TO ,WALL ,/REET4 ,9VE/M5T NE>LY ALL W5T 9TO ! T]TI>Y SECTOR1 A *>ACT]I/IC ?AT IS SPECIFIC TO ! ,AM]ICAN M>KET1 EV5 9 ! PRODUCTION ( DURABLE CONSUM] GOODS4 ,AS ALWAYS1 ! ?IRD WORLD HAS PAID ! PRICE BY GETT+ MORE & MORE 9TO DEBT 9 ORD] TO BUY !SE GOODS1 PAY+ = !M 9 POOR EXPORTS BUT ALSO S]V+ AS ! MA9 9VE/M5T = ! GREAT FL[ ( MONEY ?AT HAS SWOLL5 ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY4 ,H]E ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY HAS SET UP A H>D] POLITIC ) A 'GO & RETURN' EFFECT1 TO ! B5EFIT ( BO? ! 9T]NATIONAL /ABILITY ( ! ,ATLANTIC MILIT>Y COLOSSUS1 & ! ROBB]Y ECONOMY T[>DS ! SUBJECTS ( IMP]IALISM4 ,= ! SAME REASONS ?AT C\NTRY WILL PROBABLY N[ BE ! FIR/ TO PAY ! CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS 'BRILLIANT' MANEUV]4 

,BUT :Y DOESN'T EV]Y?+ EXPLODE8 

,?IS IS A QUE/ION ?AT MANY >E ASK+ !MSELVES4 ,! RECUP]ATION ( UNEMPLOYM5T BY ! T]TI>Y SECTOR IS NOT A SUFFICI5T EXPLANATION4 ,NOR IS ! GR[? 9 PRODUCTIVITY1 CONTROL ( 9FLATION LEVELS OR ! DEVELOPM5T ( WORK FLEXIBILITY & PREC>I\S WORK 7BLACK LABOR74 ,TAK5 9DIVIDUALLY1 !SE ANSW]S >E PROBABLY ALL VALID1 BUT NO S+LE ONE ( !M CAN EXPLA9 ! PROBLEM1 NOR DO !Y :5 !Y >E TAK5 TOGE!R AS A :OLE4 

,! E>LY ,EI<TIES WAS UND\BT$LY A TIME ( MAT]IAL DIFFICULTY = ! :OLE ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,! 9DU/RIAL SECTOR WAS OV]LOAD$1 9FLATION WAS ON ! 9CREASE1 FE> ( ! SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES ( R$UC+ LABOR CO/S 9 ! %ORT T]M WAS /RONG1 & ! UNIONS W]E 9SI/+ ON ! DEF5SE ( JOBS & REAL WAGE VALUE4 ,DUR+ !SE YE>S SOME?+ WAS DEMON/RAT$ :I* HAD BECOME CLE> TO US AT ! 5D ( #a#i#g#g3 A PASSAGE FROM MAT]IAL DIFFICULTY TO AN AWAK5+ ( ! WORK]S' CONSCI\SNESS AS A CLASS1 HAD NOT TAK5 PLACE4 ,WAS ?AT A 'CRISIS'8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO ANSW] ?AT1 IF = NO O!R REASON ?AN ?AT WE DO NOT EFFECTIVELY KN[ :AT A CRISIS IS4 ,! WORK]S %\LD HAVE GONE BEYOND ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE -- AT LEA/ ACCORD+ TO ! ,M>XI/ ANALYSIS -- & PASS$ TO ! SOCIAL ONE4 ,?IS WAS 9ITIALLY TO HAVE COME ?R\< ! P>TY & ONLY ?R\< ! UNIONS 9 ! SECOND PLACE4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 REVOLUTION>Y SUBJECTIVITY WAS TO EM]GE FROM ! CRISIS4 

,NO?+ ( ! SORT HAPP5$4 ,NOT ONLY HAS !RE BE5 NO WILL TO /RUGGLE >IS+ FROM ! DET]M9ISM ( ! ECONOMIC SETUP BUT1 MORE IMPORTANTLY1 !RE HAS BE5 NO REAL OB/ACLE TO ! DEVELOPM5T & PICKUP ( CAPITALI/ RECOV]Y4 ,ANY?+ BUT ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! ILLUSION ( EQUAL EX*ANGE ANN\NC$ BY ,M>X4 ,!Y SIMPLY *ANG$ ! C>DS 9 !IR H&S1 JU/ AT ! MOM5T :5 ! SITUATION WAS ?REAT5+ TO BECOME F> MORE S]I\S4 ,9 FACT ?IS DID NOT HAPP51 ?ANKS ALSO TO ! EPO*AL 9T]V5TION ( 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY4 

,TODAY ! CONDITIONS ( ! LABOR M>KET C\LD BE SUMM$ UP AS CAPITAL'S 9CREAS$ CAPACITY TO RECUP]ATE & MANEUV] ! >MY ( ! UNEMPLOY$4 ,! CAPACITY = 9V5TION 9 ?IS FIELD IS ILLUM9AT+1 MA9LY CONSI/+ ( 9ITIATIVES ( AN 'ALT]NATIVE' NATURE :I* ONCE SET ! USUAL ?REE OR F\R FOOLS DREAM+4 ,! 9TELLIG5CE ( CAPITAL IS EXTRAORD9>Y3 ,M>X W\LD HAVE SAID1 EXCIT+4 ,IT TAKES /RUGGLES OV]1 US+ !M AGA9/ ?OSE :O PROMOT$ !M & AGA9/ ! MA9 BODY ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,IT S+LES \T ! MO/ ISOLAT$ 9/IGATORS & 9T]PRET]S1 TRANS=M+ !M 9TO 'CRIM9ALS' & US+ !M TO SC>E O!RS BACK 9TO L9E4 ,!N ! NEW CONCEPT ( QUALITY IS US$ TO DO UP ! FACADE4 ,POLITICS >E CONSOLIDAT$1 AS IMMORAL BEHAVIOR READJU/S 9TO A MORE /ABLE =M1 TURN+ OV] A NEW LEAF 9 SOME ( ITS M>G9AL ASPECTS4 ,IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO SPEAK ( ! 'FAILURE' ( ! P>TY OR UNION AS A FUNCTION4 ,9 \R OP9ION IT IS A QUE/ION ( A HI/ORICAL FUNCTION REA*+ ITS NATURAL CONCLUSION4 ,! 5D ( AN ]A4 ,! 5D ( A GREAT ILLUSION4 ,CAPITAL'S WORK IS IMM5SE1 IT P]MEATES S*OOL1 ! FAMILY1 ! *UR* & EV]Y?+ ELSE4 ,IT LEAVES NO SPACE UNFILL$1 AS IT PU%ES BACK ALL 9ITIATIVES 9 T]MS ( /RUGGLE4 ,ITS REPRESSIVE SY/EM WELCOMES DISGU/+ PRACTICES SU* AS GRASS+ & REP5TANCE TO GET TO ! BOTTOM ( SOME ( ITS CONTRADICTIONS :I*1 AL?\< M>G9AL1 C\LD /ILL CREATE A C]TA9 IMBALANCE4 ,9/EAD1 9 ORD] TO R$UCE ! DISS5T ( ! MO/ RADICAL & LEA/ 9/RUM5TALISABLE TO SIL5CE1 IT EMPLOYS PURE & SIMPLE REPRESSION1 ?AT ( SPECIAL PRISONS & POLICE BULLETS4 ,IT HAS DEMON/RAT$ ONCE & = ALL ?AT IT IS NOT TRUE ?AT REVOLT IS MORE DIFFICULT 9 MOM5TS ( MAT]IAL DIFFICULTY = ! :OLE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SETUP4 ,& ?IS WAS ONE ( ! CANONS ( ,M>XISM4 

,! FACT IS ?AT ! ,/ATE & CAPITAL >E F> MORE EFFICI5T ?AN ONE ?9KS & >E F> MORE 9T]CONNECT$ ?AN ,M>X C\LD HAVE IMAG9$ 9 HIS TIME4 ,WE MU/ NOT UND]E/IMATE ! ROLE ( ! ,/ATE 9 ?IS RECUP]ATION4  ,LEFT TO ITSELF1 ! ECONOMIC ME*ANISM W\LD ALMO/ C]TA9LY HAVE TRI$ TO UND]M9E PLANTS1 BUT ! ,/ATE-ECONOMY COLLABORATION HAS MADE POSSIBLE AN 9CR$IBLE PROGRAM ( RE/RUCTUR+ 9/EAD4 

,TODAY WE >E FAC$ ) A SITUATION WE C\LD PRACTICALLY DEF9E AS CORPORATIVE4 ,NO REAL POLITICAL OPPOSITION EXI/S1 EXCEPT AS A =MALITY1 SO ! GOV]NM5T CAN IMPOSE T\< DECISIONS ?AT TURN \T TO BE TO ! B5EFIT ( ! ECONOMY4 

,?AT IS :Y ! SY/EM DOES NOT EXPLODE1 ?AT IS :Y WE CAN TOL]ATE SU* A HI< RATE ( UNEMPLOYM5T ALMO/ ) RESIGNATION1 & CONSID] NORMAL A FLUCTUAT+ P]C5TAGE ( TEMPOR>Y OR UN/ABLE WORK4 

,CLASS DIS9TEGRATION BECOMES ! 9TEGRATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 A TRANS=MATION ( P]SONAL RELATIONS1 A VIOL5T TRANS=MATION ( LIFE = EV]YONE4  ,!RE IS NO LONG] ONE P>TICUL> PO9T ( REF]5CE 9 ! /RUGGLE4  ,! COLLAPSE ( ! OLD MY?S IS LEAD+ TO AN ACCEPTANCE ( LIFE AS CONT9UAL COLLAPSE4 ,&1 AGA9/ A SITUATION WE HAVE LE>N$ TO CONSID] NORMAL1 WE CANNOT REBEL4 

,*APT] #a#c4 ,A MILLION JOBS 

,:ATEV] CAN SU* A PROMISE MEAN1 MADE AS IT WAS AT ! TIME ( ! COLLECTIVE ILLUSIONS 9SPIR$ BY ,B]LUSCONI'S ELECTORAL PROPAG&A4 

,9 PRACTICAL T]MS1 NO?+4 ,NOT JU/ BECAUSE IT IS IMPOSSIBLE1 BUT BECAUSE IT GOES AGA9/ ECONOMIC LOGIC ITSELF4 

,LET US EXPLA94 

,= CAPITALISM1 WORK IS A COMMODITY1 & BECAUSE IT IS D]IV$ FROM ACTIVITY C>RI$ \T 9 EX*ANGE = A WAGE1 MAN HIMSELF BECOMES A COMMODITY4 ,SO A WORK M>KET ACTUALLY EXI/S4 ,WORK HAS A PRICE 7WAGES71 & !RE IS A DIRECT RELATION%IP BETWE5 LACK ( WORK 7UNEMPLOYM5T7 & ! LEVEL ( M>KET PRICES4 

,WAGES BE+ ! CO/ ( ONE ( ! MA9 ELEM5TS ( PRODUCTION 7! WORK =CE71 !Y ALSO HAVE AN IMPORTANT EFFECT ON ALL ! O!RS1 SO 79 AB/RACT T]MS7 ! HI<] ! LEVEL ( UNEMPLOYM5T1 ! L[] ! WAGES & ! GREAT] 9FLATION1 I4E4 ! :OLE RANGE ( M>KET PRICES GO D[N4 ,ALL !ORY SO F>4 ,N[1 /ICK+ TO ! !ORETICAL MODEL1 ! BOSSES -- ?OSE :O LIT]ALLY BUY ! WORK]S' LIVES -- MI<T BE TEMPT$ TO R$UCE ! POSSIBILITY ( EMPLOYM5T1 ?AT IS1 NOT PROMISE A MILLION JOBS1 SO PAY FEW] PRODUC]S & E>N MORE ON EA* S+LE ITEM ?AT LEAVES ! FACTORY4 

,BUT TWO ?+S PREV5T ?IS FROM HAPP5+4 ,! FIR/ IS ?AT A R$UCTION 9 EMPLOYM5T W\LD LEAD TO A R$UCTION 9 WAGES1 ) :I* ! WORK]S ALSO BUY GOODS1 SO SALES W\LD DECREASE4 ,IT FOLL[S ?AT AN 9CREASE 9 9FLATION 7! RESULT ( A GR[? 9 UNEMPLOYM5T7 W\LD R$UCE SALES 7!RE IS NO MONEY LEFT ) :I* TO BUY7 & A PROCESS ( /AGNATION W\LD SET 9 :I* W\LD BEG9 TO KILL CAPITAL4 ,! SECOND ELEM5T IS ?AT :5 !Y >E UNEMPLOY$ 7& CONSEQU5TLY P5NILESS71 PEOPLE BECOME SOME:AT RE/LESS4 ,FIR/ ONE 'GETS BY'1 !N ONE REBELS4 ,& REBELLION ?REAT5S SOCIAL PEACE1 PUTS ! FUTURE ( ALL PRODUCTION 9 DANG]1 PREV5TS 9VE/M5T1 CREATES PANIC 9 BUY]S1 & SO ON4 

,?AT IS :Y JOBS >E PROMIS$4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE TO SELL MORE GOODS1 9 ! SECOND1 TO PREV5T REBELLION4 

,BUT IS ?IS A REASONABLE PROMISE8 ,IT IS FROM A POLITICAL PO9T ( VIEW1 BUT ONLY UP TO A PO9T4 ',>TIFICIAL' WORK WAS 9V5T$ LONG BE=E ! GREAT SC>E ( #a#i#b#i4 ,WORKH\SES EXI/$ AS F> BACK AS ! #a#h? C5TURY 79 ,BRITA9 ( C\RSE1 :]E ELSE871 :]E ! \T ( WORK W]E =C$ TO BUILD =TRESSES & ROADS = SURVIVAL WAGES4 ,SU* A R$UCTION TO SLAV]Y IS UN?9KABLE TODAY1 BUT SOCIAL SECURITY DULLS PEOPLE1 PUTT+ !M 9 A CONDITION ( P]MAN5T /UPIDITY4 ,MOREOV]1 ) 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION RATES LEAD+ TO MORE GOODS ON ! M>KET & A GREAT] NE$ = SALES BY PRODUC]S1 ASSI/ANCE ALONE IS NO LONG] 5\< TO SUPPORT DEM& 7IT W\LD NOT GU>ANTEE 5\< SALES ( ALL ! GOODS PRODUC$74 ,SOME?+ ELSE IS REQUIR$1 & CAPITAL 9 ! #iS IS /ILL LOOK+ = IT4 

,?AT IS :Y !Y >E TALK+ AB\T A MILLION JOBS 9 ,ITALY ALONE4 ,EV5 AL?\< DOES NOT CORRESPOND TO REALITY4 ,IT S]VES A DIFF]5T PURPOSE4 

,FIR/1 IT S]VES TO BREAK D[N ! DEF5SE L9ES ( ! OLD WORK >I/OCRACY DEF9$ BY SKILL4 ,FLEXIBILITY & MOBILITY >E BREAK+ UP ! OLD FACTORY RESI/ANCE EV5 9 T]MS ( WAGE CLAIMS4 ,?AT IS LEAD+ TO ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ANY CAPACITY = OPPOSITION BY ! UNIONS1 N[ R$UC$ TO M]E TRANSMISSION BELTS = ! BOSSES' WI%ES4 

,SECONDLY1 IT SUPPORTS DEM&1 & SO ALL[S = ! FULL USE ( ! TE*NOLOGICAL CAPACITY TO DIV]SIFY SUPPLY4 ,:AT S5SE W\LD !RE BE 9 ! NEW ASSEMBLY L9ES :]E PRODUCTS 7A C>1 = EXAMPLE71 CAN BE DESIGN$ TO P]SONAL REQUIREM5TS IF !RE W]E NO DEM& = !SE PRODUCTS8 ,SOCIAL SECURITY /IFL$ REBELLI\S 9/9CTS1 IT WAS NOT ABLE TO OP5 UP NEW POSSIBILITIES = PRODUCTION4 

,?IRD1 !SE JOBS >E NOT 'NEW'1 BUT >E TO BE F\ND )9 ! FIELD ( ALREADY EXI/+ ONES ?R\< V>I\S PROC$URES -- FROM E>LY P5SIONS TO R$UC$ WORK+ H\RS1 CONTROLL$ OV]TIME1 TAX R$UCTION1 GOV]NM5T F9ANC+1 & SO ON4 

,F9ALLY1 9 A MOVE AWAY FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( REBELLION1 PEOPLE >E PROJECT$ 9TO A LABYR9? ( MIRRORS & ILLUSIONS4 

,!RE SEEM TO BE POSSIBILITIES RI<T OR LEFT1 NONEXI/5T \TLETS4  ,& ?IS 9SANE1 CONT9UAL W&]+ AB\T LEADS NOT TO A DESIRE TO BREAK D[N ! WALLS ( ! LABYR9?1 BUT TO C>RY+ ON WAIT+ = SOME?+ TO HAPP51 AS NEW ILLUSIONS FOLL[ ! OLD4 

,! ONLY ?+ ?AT MI<T HAPP5 IS = NEW1 MORE ATTRACTIVE & MORE COMPLEX 5IGMAS TO APPE> :I* >E 9CREAS+LY DIFFICULT TO RESOLVE4 

,OR ! DE/RUCTION ( EV]Y?+4 

,*APT] #a#d4 ,F>EWELL TO CLAIM+ 

,SURLY UNION REPRES5TATIVE ,L>IZZA 7,U,I,L7 SAID IT OV] T5 YE>S AGO3 ALIGN ) ! ,G]MAN UNIONS1 DEM& P>TICIPATION 9 DECISION-MAK+4  ,AT ! TIME ,C>NITI1 ?9K+ ( ! FI<T+ TRADITION ( ! ,ITALIAN UNIONS 79 ,G]MANY !RE HAVE BE5 NO /RIKES TO SPEAK ( S9CE #a#i#e#f71 SMIL$ DISP>AG+LY4  ,TODAY !Y ALL AGREE ON ! GREAT MOVE4 ,! ,ITALIAN UNIONS WANT TO TRANS=M !MSELVES 9TO HOLD+S LIKE !IR ,G]MAN COLLEAGUES1 :]E !Y W\LD ACQUIRE NOT ONLY WEI<T 9 ! FIRM'S DECISION-MAK+ PROCESSES1 BUT ALSO BECOME %>EHOLD]S1 & SO COME TO POSSESS COMPANIES & REAL E/ATE !MSELVES4 

,C,S,I,L LEAD] ,D',ANTONIO ONCE SAID ?AT 9 A GLOBAL ECONOMY COMPETITION & 9T]NATIONAL COMPETITIV5ESS WEAK5 WAGE DEM&S4 ,! FACTORY NE$S TO BREA!1 O!RWISE !RE W\LD BE A RISK ( RETURN+ TO ! CONDITIONS ( ! ,FIFTIES1 AS HAPP5$ 9 ! CASE ( ! ,5GLI% M9]S 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,?AT*]4 ,CONFLICT1 HE CONT9U$1 /ILL EXI/S1 BUT IT HAS MOV$ FROM ! /REETS TO ! DIRECTORS' (FICES 9 SU* A WAY ?AT1 ?R\< CO-MANAGEM5T1 ! WEI<T ( RE/RUCTUR+ IS BE+ DI/RIBUT$ MORE EQUALLY4 ,=CE MU/ BE AB&ON$ 9 B>GA9+1 ,L>IZZA /ATES 7ACCORD+ TO :OM ! NEW P>TICIPATORY MODEL %\LD BE WID5$ FROM ! FACTORIES TO LOCAL 9/ITUTIONS CONC]N+ ! MANAGEM5T ( URBAN >EAS1 9VE/M5T 9 ! ,S\?1 ETC474 ,F9ALLY1 ,C,G,I,L LEAD] ,C(F]ATI PO9TS \T ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO AVOID ! DANG]S ( ! SO-CALL$ ,JAPANESE SOLUTION3 DIRECT COOP]ATION BETWE5 EMPLOYES & BOSSES4 ,P>TICIPATION1 HE SAYS1 MU/ BE FILT]$ ?R\< ! UNION4 

,AS WE CAN SEE1 9 SPITE ( A FEW DIFF]5CES1 ! \TL9E ( ! UNION IS N[ QUITE COMPACT4 ,ANY RESIDUE ( /RUGGLE 9 ! /REETS1 ANY CONFLICT BAS$ ON /RIKES & CONSEQU5T DAMAGE TO ! EMPLOY]1 H[EV] REMOTE ! PROBABILITY1 IS TO BE AB&ON$ = GOOD4 ,P>TICIPATION MEANS MAK+ DECISIONS ALONG ) ! [N]S1 ?AT IS DECID+ ON :AT IS REF]R$ TO AS ! 'COMPANY'S TE*NICAL PROBLEMS'1 I4E4 ! IDEAL COMPOSITION ( ! V>I\S COMPON5TS ( PRODUCTION3 CAPITAL1 MA*9]Y1 LABOR4 ,! RESULT1 IF NOT EXACTLY ID5TICAL TO ! ,G]MAN MODEL ( MORE OR LESS COMPLETE SOCIAL PACIFICATION1 NEV]!LESS T5DS 9 ?AT DIRECTION4 

,N[ AN IMPORTANT QUE/ION IS EM]G+4 ,SO LONG AS ! ?REE BIG CONF$]ATE UNIONS ACT$ AT ! LEVEL ( CLAIM+1 AUTONOM\S BASE UNIONS SU* AS ,COBAS :OSE SLOGAN WAS DIRECT /RUGGLE /ILL HAD SOME REASON TO EXI/1 AS !Y REPRES5T$ A POSSIBILITY = DEVELOPM5T 9 ! FIELD ( DIRECT ACTION1 SABOTAGE & MAXIMUM DAMAGE TO ! BOSSES4 ,BASICALLY1 ! BOSSES W]E /ILL AFRAID 9 ! KN[L$GE ?AT1 EV5 )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( LESS S]I\S CLA%ES1 ?IS EV5TUALITY C\LD NOT BE ALTOGE!R EXCLUD$4 ,SU* A FUNCTION NO LONG] MAKES S5SE TODAY4 ,9 FACT1 N[ ?AT ! BIG UNION ORGANIZATIONS >E REFUS+ TO CONT9UE 9 ! LOGIC ( CLAIM+ IT IS IMPOSSIBLE = ?IS TO BE MA9TA9$ BY ! M9ORITY UNIONS ALONE4 ,!Y W\LD 5D UP US+ UP ALL !IR POT5TIAL = /RUGGLE SIMPLY 9 PROPOS+ CLAIMS4 

,LET ME EXPLA9 MORE CLE>LY4 ,IF :AT ONCE *>ACT]IZ$ !SE M9OR UNION /RUCTURES WAS ! ME?ODS !Y US$1 ALL ?AT W\LD REMA9 W\LD BE ! OBJECTIVES 7CLAIMS AS OPPOS$ TO P>TICIPATION71 SADLY CONFIRM+ ?AT MAK+ CLAIMS IS N[ 5\< TO BE 'BEYOND'1 & CONSEQU5TLY 9 CONTRA/ ) ! \TLOOK ( ! ?REE MA9 UNIONS4 

,SO !SE M9OR UNIONS SEEM DE/9$ TO TAK+ ON ! SUP]FLU\S & 9SIGNIFICANT ROLE ( CLAIM+4 ,SUP]FLU\S BECAUSE ?AT DOES NOT SUIT ! EVOLUTION ( ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE 7AS ! UNIONS 9TELLIG5TLY UND]/&72 9SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE ! M9ORITY ONES 7) ALL !IR PSEUDO-REVOLUTION>Y *ATT]7 NEI!R DESIRE1 NOR W\LD !Y BE ABLE TO USE1 ME?ODS !Y C\LD ONLY REA* 9 ! PRES5CE ( ! CONSID]ABLE /R5G? /ILL HELD BY ! BIG MASS ORGANIZATIONS 9 SPITE ( ALL !IR LIMITATIONS4 

,& ANY /RUCTURE ?AT LOSES ITS FUNCTION1 EV5 ! SQUALID ONE ( HOLD+ ON TO SOMEONE ELSE'S TAIL1 T5DS TO DISAPPE>4 

,*APT] #a#e4 ,! SIGNIFICANCE ( AN 9SIGNIFICANT EV5T 

,ONE MILLION OR FIVE MILLION PEOPLE COME \T 9TO ! /REETS4 ,NUMB]S AP>T1 IS SU* AN EV5T ( ANY IMPORTANCE8 ,NO1 ,I DON'T ?9K SO AT ALL4 

,F> FROM ! OLD ,SORELIAN MY?1 A G5]AL /RIKE IS NOT 9 ITSELF A RESPONSE BY ! EXPLOIT$ TO ! 9T5TIONS ( ,P[]4 

,IT IS F> MORE LIKELY TO MEAN SOME?+ ELSE4 ,LET US SEE :AT4 

,FIR/ ( ALL IT IS A SIGN ( ! CAPACITY ( ! P]SONALI/ POLITICS PRES5TLY BE+ REG5]AT$ TO BR+ MILLIONS ( PEOPLE 9TO ! /REETS4  ,AN 9/RUM5T ( POLITICAL PRESSURE !RE=E1 9 ! H&S ( POSSIBLE NEW P[] BASES TO CO-OPT ! OLD OR TAKE !IR PLACE4 ,NO?+ W\LD *ANGE4  ,FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! MANAGEM5T ( PUBLIC SP5D+ -- BY NO MEANS ( SECOND>Y IMPORTANCE -- !RE CAN BE NO SOLUTION O!R ?AN ?AT 7MOREOV] ONLY PROVISIONAL7 ( DIPP+ 9TO ! C(F]S ( ! RI*1 & NOT JU/ ?OSE ( HI< PR(ILE1 BUT ALSO ! ONES :O KEEP !MSELVES HIDD54  ,CAN A POLITICAL CLASS1 NO MATT] H[ NEW & ALI5 TO CONCESSIONS FROM ITS [N POCKETS1 SUCCE$ 9 DO+ AS MU*8 ,NO IT CAN'T4 ,SO :AT >E !SE MILLIONS ( PEOPLE 9 ! /REETS ACTUALLY ASK+ =8 ,TO :AT P[] GAMES >E !Y WITT+LY OR UNWITT+LY L5D+ !MSELVES8 

,IT IS CLE> ?AT !RE IS NO REAL COLLECTIVE PRES5CE 9 ! V>I\S REGIONS 9 ,ITALY ?AT HAVE BE5 LOOSELY UNIT$ 9 A G5]AL /RIKE1 SO WE CANNOT TALK AS ?\< IT W]E RELAT$ TO ONE 9DIVIDUAL OR A GR\P ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,BUT SOME?+ NE$S TO BE SAID ALL ! SAME4 

,! MA9 COMPOSITION ( ?IS PRES5CE1 AL?\< IT IS NOT UNI=M OR HOMOG5\S1 IS ?AT ( ! WAG$ CLASSES :O >E AFRAID ( LOS+ !IR JOBS1 ?OSE ALREADY EXCLUD$ 7& DE/9$ TO P]5NIAL UNEMPLOYM5T71 ! Y\? ELEM5T 7ASPIR+ TO GU>ANTE$ JOBS1 & :I* !Y WILL CONT9UE TO DO71 P5SION]S 7:O SEE !MSELVES AS DEPRIV$ ( ! FEW RI<TS !Y HAD71 9 SUPPORT ( ! UNIONS & ! P>TIES ( ! LEFT :O >E DESP]ATELY SEEK+ A PLACE )9 ! OPPOSITION1 BUT TO NO AVAIL4 ,& ! LATT] MI<T GET ?IS POSSIBILITY1 ) ! GOOD %OPKEEP+ COMMON S5SE ( ALL ?OSE :O BELIEVE ?AT ?+S CAN BE PUT RI<T 7FIR/ ) ,B]LUSCONI & N[ )\T HIM74 ,& HAV+ BR\<T ,F9I'S FASCI/S 9TO GOV]NM5T ALONG ) ,BOSSI'S IDIOTS & ,B]LUSCONI'S TE*NOCRATS & IMAGE MANIPULATORS1 !Y >E N[ REGRETT+ IT1 & TRY+ TO APPLY PRESSURE BY DEMON/RAT+ !IR DISS5T4  ,?AT MI<T ALL BE USEFUL TO ! NEW OPPOSITION :5 !Y MANAGE TO F9D !IR [N ID5TITY4 ,BUT H[ CAN IT MEAN ANY?+ 9 T]MS ( ! REALITY ( ?+S :I* C\LD1 & YES1 RADICALLY %\LD1 BE *ANG$8 

,BY R5D]+ S]VICE TO POLITICIANS :O HAVE BE5 ?R[N \T1 MAK+ \T ?AT !Y DES]V$ SO MU* FUSS8 ,( C\RSE NOT4 ,! MEANS W\LD HAVE TO BE QUITE DIFF]5T4 

,RE/RICT+ ! QUE/ION TO ! /REETS1 BECAUSE ?AT IS :AT WE >E TALK+ AB\T1 ! \TCOME1 OR AT LEA/ ! PREOCCUPATIONS AT GOV]NM5T LEVEL1 W\LD HAVE BE5 QUITE DIFF]5T IF !Y HAD F\ND !MSELVES FAC$ ) SITUATIONS SU* AS 9 ! DAYS ( PIAZZA ,/ATUTO1 OR ,REGGIO ,EMILIA .<:]E DEMON/RATIONS TURN$ TO REBELLION1 RESULT+ 9 ! POLICE FIR+ 9TO ! CR[D.>4 ,NOT ?AT MASS VIOL5CE 9 ITSELF -- 9 ! =M ( CLA%ES ) ! POLICE -- W]E ! MA9 MEANS1 SO ! RESULTS W]E PR$ICTABLE EV5 !N4  ,:AT WE >E SAY+ IS MORE COMPLEX4 ,! MESSAGE CONTA9S ITS [N DE/9Y4  ,AS A ME?OD1 ! DEMON/RATION ON ITS [N HAS NO FUTURE1 BECAUSE IT M]ELY AIMS TO PUT PRESSURE ON ! GOV]NM5T = A *ANGE 9 ! POLITICAL CLASS 9 P[]4 ,! DIRECT CLA% IS A DIFF]5T ME?OD ALTOGE!R1 EV5 IF IT CAN ALSO BE BLOCK$1 RECUP]AT$ OR DEFEAT$ ) ! GUILE ( PROMISES OR BRUTE REPRESSION4 ,BUT ?AT IS ANO!R QUE/ION1 IT OP5S UP A DIFF]5T K9D ( RUPTURE4 

,IT W\LD C]TA9LY BE MORE DIFFICULT = ! UNSPEAKABLE ,B]LUSCONI TO RECUP]ATE ) A SMILE ON HIS FACE4 

,HE W\LD HAVE TO ROLL HIS SLEEVES UP4 ,& !N1 ONE ?+ C\LD LEAD TO ANO!R1 & SO ON444 

,*APT] #a#f4 ,WORLD DOM9ATION 9 A FEW WORDS 

,! ]A ( OPPOS+ SIDES IS OV]1 WE HAVE N[ 5T]$ ?AT ( UNIFICATION4 ,WE >E ALL 5LI/$ UND] ! SAME FLAG4 ,IF ONCE ! WORLD WAS ORI5TAT$ T[>DS TWO OPPOS+ ILLUSIONS1 :I* ON CLOSE 9SPECTION TURN$ \T TO BE ANY?+ BUT DIV]G5T1 N[ EV]YBODY IS BE+ CALL$ TO UNITE UND] ! SAME COMMON V]B4 ,5\< ( ! *ATT]6 ,A FEW WORDS1 CLE> & UNEQUIVOCAL1 WILL DO4 ,EV]YBODY KN[S :AT !Y NE$ TO DO & :AT !Y %\LD BE 9T]E/$ 94 

,SO A =MLESS1 FLABBY :OLE HAS TAK5 ! PLACE ( ! 0/RONG0 IDEOLOGIES ( YE/]DAY4 ,POSSIBILISM & FLEXIBILITY1 UNC]TA9TY & D\BT HAVE TAK5 ! PLACE ( ! IDEOLOGICAL C]TA9TIES ?AT TRANS=M$ !MSELVES 9TO V>I\S %ADES ( ! CONC5TRATION CAMP1 ALL EQUALLY DE/9$ TO SOCIAL OR?OP$ICS1 I4E4 ! CREATION1 BY ! :IP1 ( A HUMANITY SUIT$ TO ! CONDITIONS IMPOS$ BY PRODUCTION RELATIONS4 

,N[ ANY IDEA ?AT IS EV5 SLI<TLY DIFF]5T IS SWIFTLY BR\<T BACK TO MEET ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! M>KET1 WRAPP$ UP 9 MULTICOLOR$ CELLOPHANE & SOLD1 FIR/ :OLESALE1 !N RETAIL4 ,! M$IA EXP]TS DIRECT ?\<T-CONTROL & COMPETE TO PRODUCE OP9ION1 GR9D+ D[N ANY ORIG9AL IDEAS1 ANY DESIRE TO BE 'REALLY O!R'1 9TO NO?+4 ,IT IS A/\ND+ ?AT BEH9D ! POSSIBILISM ONE F9DS ! ANCI5T CONCEIT 9TACT3 ! >ROGANCE ( ! DOCTR9AIRES1 B>ONS ( NO?+NESS1 VASSALS )9 ! LIMITS ( ! H$GE BEYOND :I* ONLY FE> ( ! UNKN[N PUTS A BRAKE ON ! ?RU/ ( ! MASSES CUT (F FROM ANY POSSIBILITY ( 9T]V5+4 

,SO1 AT WORLD LEVEL1 A SMALL M9ORITY ( PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE >E US+ !IR P[] AS ?\< !Y W]E CLOS$ UP 9 A M$IEVAL CA/LE1 BUILD+ A WALL TO DEF5D !IR 9T]E/S & ECONOMIC P[]4 ,A WALL ( L+UI/IC & TE*NOLOGICAL *OICES :I* CLAIM TO BE UNIV]SAL1 I4E4 A BASIS = GR[? & COMMON IMPROVEM5T1 = ! SATISFACTION ( ! UNIV]SAL 9T]E/S ( M51 :ILE 9 EFFECT IT IS ONLY A DEF5SIVE RAMP>T1 AN 9CREAS+LY 9SURM\NTABLE B>RI] AS ! 9SID]S1 !MSELVES SLAVES ) GOLD5 *A9S ALWAYS SOLIDLY FA/5$ TO ! BOSSES' 9T]E/S1 CONT9UE TO GR[ 9 HEI<T & /R5G?4 

,! REAL P[] C5T]S TODAY >E ! BIG 9T]NATIONAL BANKS1 ! C5TRAL ISSU+ BANKS1 ! ,EUROPEAN ,COMMISSION1 ! MANAG]S ( G5]AL AGREEM5TS ON TRAD+ T>IFFS1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND1 ETC4 ,! MEANS ( 9=MATION ?AT KEEP ?IS P[] TOGE!R & TRANSMIT ITS DIRECTIVES1 TRANSLAT+ !M 9TO PROGRAMMATIC ?\<T & ACTION >E3 ,! ,ECONOMI/1 ,! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL1 ,! ,F9ANCIAL ,TIMES1 ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW1 LES ,E*OES1 ,REUT] ,AG5CY1 ETC4 ,! M5 :O WORK !RE1 SLAVES !MSELVES BUT 5JOY+ P>TICUL> CONDITIONS ( PRIVILEGE1 F9D !MSELVES BE+ TROOP$ 9TO! UNIV]SITIES :]E A SAD BROOD ( ECONOMI/S >E PRO/ITUT+ !MSELVES P>T-TIME2 9TO NEWSPAP]S & REVIEWS1 :]E AMBIVAL5T J\RNALI/S GOOD = ANY SAUCE SPREAD IGNORANCE & IDIOCY2 9TO POLITICAL P>TIES & UNIONS1 :]E TIR$ ZOMBIES >E RECYCL+ SLOGANS ( DAYS GONE BY1 GIV+ ! GREAT MASS ( SPECTATORS ! IDEA ?AT !Y CAN *OOSE !IR [N IDEAS ACCORD+ TO !IR [N 9T]E/S4 

,POLITICAL ECONOMY SEEMS TO HAVE BECOME ! QUE5 ( ! SCI5CES4  ,EV]Y:]E 9 ! CIRCLES M5TION$ ABOVE POLITICAL ECONOMI/S JABB] =ECA/S & ANALYZES1 /UDY TR5DS & 9DEX NUMB]S1 ANALYZE CURVES & EQUATIONS4 ,EV]Y C5TRAL BANK DIRECTOR FEELS HIMSELF TO BE A GREAT ECONOMI/ &1 LEAN+ ON HIS [N RES]VES1 TRIES TO LAY D[N ! LAW TO O!R ,/ATES 9 MONEY MATT]S AS ?\< ?AT W]E POSSIBLE -- SOME?+ ?AT IS SIMPLY ABSURD 9 ECONOMICS1 P]HAPS MORE ?AN ANY:]E ELSE4 ,! RIDICULE ?AT BEFELL ! DISC\NT TAX MANEUV] CAN ONLY BE COMP>$ TO ! RIDICULE TO :I* ! CONCEPT ( PRO-CAPITA 9COME HAS ALWAYS BE5 PREY4 ,IF CAPITALISM IS '! NATURAL CONDITION ( SOCIETY'1 AS ,ALA9 ,M9C REC5TLY /AT$ )\T A %AD[ ( IRONY1 ?IS 'NATURAL' CONDITION IS ONE ( RIDICULE4 

,?9K = A MOM5T AB\T ! CONCEPT ( ! M>KET & Y\ >E LEFT ) NO?+ TANGIBLE4 ,:AT CORRECTS ! M>KET8 ,:AT DO ITS *IM]ICAL LAWS T5D TO RESOLVE8 ,H[ CAN WE GET TO KN[ ! LAWS ( ! M>KET & ! M>KET ITSELF8 ,MANY YE>S AGO ! D\BTS ( ! ,FR5* ECONOMI/S W]E TAU<T AT S*OOL1 & ! TEA*]S ACCEPT$ V>I\S P]PLEXITIES ) AN AIR ( SELF-IMPORTANCE4 ,TODAY !RE IS NO TRACE ( !SE ANCI5T & /ILL VALID D\BTS 9 ! EXTREMELY SOPHI/ICAT$ ELABORATION ( ! LATE/ G5]ATION ( ECONOMI/S4 

,:Y ON E>? %\LD COMPETITION IMPROVE PEOPLE'S LIVES8 ,:Y ON E>? %\LD IT 9CREASE PRODUCTION & NOT SIMPLY FAVOR ! BIGG] & BETT] ORGANIZ$ FIRMS8 ,H[ ON E>? W\LD FREE EX*ANGE BE SYNONYM\S ) FRE$OM1 BE IT ONLY ECONOMIC1 IF !RE W]E NOT1 SOME:]E 9 ! WORLD1 A VA/ MAJORITY ( POOR DISPOS$ TO PUTT+ UP ) ! CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS SO-CALL$ FRE$OM8 ,:Y ON E>? %\LD ! UNIV]SALIZATION ( ! SY/EM ( PRODUCTION IMPROVE WORK]S' CONDITIONS :ILE P>ALLEL TO IT !RE IS AN EMPTY+ ( ANY REAL CLASS OPPOSITION8 ,:Y %\LD A /RONG CURR5CY BE ! F\NDATION ( ECONOMIC /ABILITY8 ,H[ DOES PRIVATIZATION GU>ANTEE AN IMPROVEM5T 9 SOCIAL T]MS & NOT SIMPLY ! 9T]E/S DIRECT$ BY ! DOM9ANT M9ORITY8 

,N[1 UND\BT$LY NO ECONOMIC MEASURE CAN GU>ANTEE ANY?+ TO ! :OLE ( HUMANITY4 ,! RE/ MU/ BE ABLE TO ADJU/ TO ! R$UC$1 IMPOV]I%$ LIV+ CONDITIONS !Y >E (F]$4 ,YET ?IS 9ELUCTABLE REALITY IS COV]$ UP ) ! IDEOLOGICAL MANTLE ( CONTEMPOR>Y ECONOMIC & SCI5TIFIC !ORY3 IT IS COV]$ UP & SOLD (F AS ! WAY = GETT+ \T ( ALL IDEOLOGY & SLAV]Y4 

,H>D TIMES >E LOOM+ ON ! HORIZON1 YET AGA94 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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