,*APT] #ba 
,KIEV 

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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,FROM MY COPY ( ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN'S ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,NEW ,YORK ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY1 #a#i#b#c4 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,X,I 

,K,I,E,V 

,[+ TO ! MANY DIFFICULTIES & DELAYS ! J\RNEY FROM ,FA/OV TO ,KIEV LA/$ SIX DAYS & WAS A CONT9U\S NI<TM>E4 ,! RAILWAY SITUATION WAS APPALL+4 ,AT EV]Y /ATION SCORES ( FREI<T C>S CLOGG$ ! L9ES4 ,NOR W]E !Y LOAD$ ) PROVISIONS TO FE$ ! />V+ CITIES2 !Y W]E D5SELY PACK$ ) HUMAN C>GO AMONG :OM ! SICK W]E A L>GE P]C5TAGE4 ,ALL ALONG ! R\TE ! WAIT+ ROOMS & PLAT=MS W]E FILL$ ) CR[DS1 B$RAGGL$ & DIRTY4 ,EV5 MORE <A/LY W]E ! SC5ES AT NI<T4 ,EV]Y:]E MASSES ( DESP]ATE PEOPLE1 %\T+ & /RUGGL+ TO GA9 A FOO?OLD ON ! TRA94 ,!Y RESEMBL$ ! DAMN$ ( ,DANTE'S ,9F]NO1 !IR FACES A%5 GRAY 9 ! DIM LI<T1 ALL FRANTICALLY FI<T+ = A PLACE4 ,N[ & !N AN AGONIZ$ CRY W\LD R+ ?R\< ! NI<T & ! ALREADY MOV+ TRA9 W\LD COME TO A HALT3 SOMEBODY HAD BE5 ?R[N TO HIS DEA? UND] ! :EELS4 

,IT WAS A RELIEF TO REA* ,KIEV4 ,WE HAD EXPECT$ TO F9D ! CITY ALMO/ 9 RU9S1 BUT WE W]E PLEASANTLY DISAPPO9T$4 ,:5 WE LEFT ,PETROGRAD ! ,SOVIET ,PRESS CONTA9$ NUM]\S /ORIES ( V&ALISM COMMITT$ BY ,POLES BE=E EVACUAT+ ,KIEV4 ,!Y HAD ALMO/ DEMOLI%$ ! FAM\S ANCI5T CA!DRAL 9 ! CITY1 ! PAP]S WROTE1 DE/ROY$ ! WAT] WORKS & ELECTRIC /ATIONS1 & SET FIRE TO SEV]AL P>TS ( ! CITY4 ,T*I*]9 & ,LUNA*>SKY ISSU$ PASSIONATE APPEALS TO ! CULTUR$ PEOPLE ( ! WORLD 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ SU* B>B>ISM4 ,! CRIME ( ! ,POLES AGA9/ ,>T WAS COMP>$ ) ?AT COMMITT$ BY ! ,G]MANS 9 ,RHEIMS1 :OSE CELEBRAT$ CA!DRAL HAD BE5 9JUR$ BY ,PRUSSIAN >TILL]Y4 ,WE W]E1 !RE=E1 MU* SURPRIS$ TO F9D ,KIEV 9 EV5 BETT] CONDITION ?AN ,PETROGRAD4 ,9 FACT1 ! CITY HAD SUFF]$ V]Y LITTLE1 CONSID]+ ! NUM]\S *ANGES ( GOV]NM5T & ! ACCOMPANY+ MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT SOME BRIDGES & RAILROAD TRACKS HAD BE5 BL[N UP ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ! CITY1 BUT ,KIEV ITSELF WAS ALMO/ UNH>M$4 ,PEOPLE LOOK$ AT US 9 AMAZEM5T :5 WE MADE 9QUIRIES AB\T ! CONDITION ( ! CA!D]AL3 !Y HAD NOT HE>D ! ,MOSC[ REPORT4 

,UNLIKE \R WELCOME 9 ,KH>KOV & ,POLTAVA1 ,KIEV PROV$ A DISAPPO9TM5T4 ,! SECRET>Y ( ! ,ISPOLKOM WAS NOT V]Y AMIABLE & APPE>$ NOT AT ALL IMPRESS$ BY ,Z9OVIEV'S SIGNATURE ON \R CR$5TIALS4 ,\R SECRET>Y SUCCE$$ 9 SEE+ ! *AIRMAN ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE1 BUT RETURN$ V]Y DISC\RAG$3 ?AT HI< (FICIAL WAS TOO IMPATI5T TO LI/5 TO H] REPRES5TATIONS4 ,HE WAS BUSY1 HE SAID1 & C\LD NOT BE TR\BL$4 ,IT WAS DECID$ ?AT ,I TRY MY LUCK AS AN ,AM]ICAN1 ) ! RESULT ?AT ! *AIRMAN F9ALLY AGRE$ TO GIVE US ACCESS TO ! AVAILABLE MAT]IAL4 ,IT WAS A SAD REFLECTION ON ! IRONY ( LIFE4 ,AM]ICA WAS 9 LEAGUE ) WORLD IMP]IALISM TO />VE & CRU% ,RUSSIA4 ,YET IT WAS SUFFICI5T TO M5TION ?AT ONE CAME FROM ,AM]ICA TO F9D ! KEY TO EV]Y?+ ,RUSSIAN4 ,IT WAS PA!TIC1 & RA!R DI/A/EFUL TO MAKE USE ( ?AT KEY 

,9 ,KIEV ANTAGONISM TO ,COMMUNISM WAS 9T5SE1 EV5 ! LOCAL ,BOL%EVIKI BE+ BITT] AGA9/ ,MOSC[4 ,IT WAS \T ( ! QUE/ION = ANY ONE COM+ FROM 0 ! C5T]0 TO SECURE !IR COOP]ATION UNLESS >M$ ) ,/ATE P[]S4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T EMPLOYES 9 ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS TOOK NO 9T]E/ 9 ANY?+ SAVE !IR RATIONS4 ,BUREAUCRATIC 9DIFF]5CE & 9COMPET5CE 9 ,UKRA9A W]E EV5 WORSE ?AN 9 ,MOSC[ & W]E AUGM5T$ BY NATIONALI/IC RES5TM5T AGA9/ ! 0 ,RUSSIANS40 ,IT WAS TRUE ALSO ( ,KH>KOV & ,POLTAVA1 ?\< 9 A LESS] DEGREE4 ,H]E ! V]Y ATMOSPH]E WAS *>G$ ) DI/RU/ & HATR$ ( EV]Y?+ ,MUSCOVITE4 ,! DECEPTION PRACTIC$ ON US BY ! *AIRMAN ( ! ,$UCATIONAL ,DEP>TM5T ( ,KH>KOV WAS *>ACT]I/IC ( ! RES5TM5T ALMO/ EV]Y ,UKRA9IAN (FICIAL FELT T[>D ,MOSC[4 ,! *AIRMAN WAS A ,UKRA9IAN TO ! CORE1 BUT HE C\LD NOT OP5LY IGNORE \R CR$5TIALS SIGN$ BY ,Z9OVIEV & ,LUNA*>SKY4 ,HE PROMIS$ TO AID \R EF=TS BUT HE DISLIK$ ! IDEA ( ,PETROGRAD 0 ABSORB+0 ! HI/ORIC MAT]IAL ( ! ,UKRA9A4 ,9 ,KIEV !RE WAS NO ATTEMPT TO MASK ! OPPOSITION TO ,MOSC[4 ,ONE WAS MADE TO FEEL IT EV]Y:]E4 ,BUT ! MOM5T ! MAGIC WORD 0 ,AM]ICA0 WAS SPOK5 & ! PEOPLE MADE TO UND]/& ?AT ONE WAS NOT A ,COMMUNI/1 !Y BECAME 9T]E/$ & C\RTE\S1 EV5 CONFID5TIAL4 ,! ,UKRA9IAN ,COMMUNI/S W]E ALSO NO EXCEPTION4 

,! 9=MATION & DOCUM5TS COLLECT$ 9 ,KIEV W]E ( ! SAME *>ACT] AS ! DATA GA!R$ 9 =M] CITIES4 ,! SY/EM ( $UCATION1 C>E ( ! SICK1 DI/RIBUTION ( LABOR & SO =? W]E SIMIL> TO ! G5]AL ,BOL%EVIK S*EME4 0,WE FOLL[ ! ,MOSC[ PLAN10 SAID A ,UKRA9IAN TEA*]1 0) ! ONLY DIFF]5CE ?AT 9 \R S*OOLS ! ,UKRA9IAN LANGUAGE IS TAU<T TOGE!R ) ,RUSSIAN40 ,! PEOPLE1 & ESPECIALLY ! *ILDR51 LOOK$ BETT] F$ & CLAD ?AN ?OSE ( ,RUSSIA PROP]3 FOOD WAS COMP>ATIVELY MORE PL5TIFUL & *EAP]4 ,!RE W]E %[ S*OOLS AS 9 ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[1 & NO ONE APP>5TLY REALIZ$ ! CORRUPT+ EFFECT ( SU* DISCRIM9ATION UPON ! TEA*]S AS WELL AS ! *ILDR54 ,! LATT] LOOK$ ) 5VY UPON ! PUPILS ( ! FAVOR$ S*OOLS & BELIEV$ ?AT !Y W]E ONLY = ,COMMUNI/ *ILDR51 :I* 9 REALITY WAS NOT ! CASE4 ,! TEA*]S1 ON ! O!R H& KN[+ H[ LITTLE ATT5TION WAS PAID TO ORD9>Y S*OOLS1 W]E NEGLIG5T 9 !IR WORK4 ,ALL TRI$ TO GET A POSITION 9 ! %[ S*OOLS :I* W]E 5JOY+ SPECIAL & V>I$ RATIONS 

,! *AIRMAN ( ! ,BO>D ( ,HEAL? WAS AN AL]T & COMPET5T MAN1 ONE ( ! FEW (FICIALS 9 ,KIEV :O %[$ 9T]E/ 9 ! ,EXP$ITION & ITS WORK4 ,HE DEVOT$ MU* TIME TO EXPLA9+ TO US ! ME?ODS ( HIS ORGANIZATION & PO9T+ \T 9T]E/+ PLACES TO VISIT & ! MAT]IAL :I* C\LD BE COLLECT$ = ! ,MUSEUM4 ,HE ESPECIALLY CALL$ \R ATT5TION TO ! ,JEWI% HOSPITAL = CRIPPL$ *ILDR54 

,I F\ND ! LATT] 9 *>GE ( A CULTIVAT$ & *>M+ MAN1 ,DR4 ,N--4 ,= TW5TY YE>S HE HAD BE5 HEAD ( ! HOSPITAL & HE TOOK 9T]E/ AS WELL AS PRIDE 9 %[+ US AB\T HIS 9/ITUTION & RELAT+ ITS HI/ORY4 

,! HOSPITAL HAD =M]LY BE5 ONE ( ! MO/ FAM\S 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! PRIDE ( ! LOCAL ,JEWS :O HAD BUILT & MA9TA9$ IT4 ,BUT )9 REC5T YE>S ITS USEFULNESS HAD BECOME CURTAIL$ [+ TO ! FREQU5T *ANGES ( GOV]NM5T4 ,IT HAD BE5 EXPOS$ TO P]SECUTION & REPEAT$ POGROMS4 ,JEWI% PATI5TS CRITICALLY ILL W]E (T5 =C$ \T ( !IR B$S TO MAKE ROOM = ! FAVORITES ( ?IS OR ?AT REGIME4 ,! (FIC]S ( ! ,D5IK9 >MY W]E MO/ BRUTAL4 ,!Y DROVE ! ,JEWI% PATI5TS \T 9TO ! /REET1 SUBJECT$ !M TO 9DIGNITIES & ABUSE1 & W\LD HAVE KILL$ !M HAD IT NOT BE5 = ! 9T]CESSION ( ! HOSPITAL /AFF :O AT ! RISK ( !IR [N LIVES PROTECT$ ! SICK4 ,IT WAS ONLY ! FACT ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ! /AFF W]E ,G5TILES ?AT SAV$ ! HOSPITAL & ITS 9MATES4 ,BUT ! %OCK RESULT$ 9 NUM]\S DEA?S & MANY PATI5TS W]E LEFT ) %ATT]$ N]VES4 

,! DOCTOR ALSO RELAT$ TO ME ! /ORY ( SOME ( ! PATI5TS1 MO/ ( !M VICTIMS ( ! ,FA/OV POGROMS4 ,AMONG !M W]E *ILDR5 BETWE5 ! AGES ( SIX & EI<T1 GAUNT & SICKLY LOOK+1 T]ROR /AMP$ ON !IR FACES4 ,!Y HAD LO/ ALL !IR K91 9 SOME CASES ! :OLE FAMILY HAV+ BE5 KILL$ BE=E !IR EYES4 ,!SE *ILDR5 (T5 WAK$ AT NI<T1 ! PHYSICIAN SAID1 9 FRI<T AT !IR HORRIBLE DREAMS4 ,EV]Y?+ POSSIBLE WAS BE+ DONE = !M1 BUT SO F> ! UN=TUNATE *ILDR5 HAD NOT BE5 FRE$ FROM ! MEMORY ( !IR T]RIBLE EXP]I5CES AT ,FA/OV4 ,! DOCTOR PO9T$ \T A GR\P ( Y\NG GIRLS BETWE5 ! AGES ( F\RTE5 & EI<TE51 ! WOR/ VICTIMS ( ! ,D5IK9 POGROM4 ,ALL ( !M HAD BE5 REPEAT$LY \TRAG$ & W]E 9 A MUTILAT$ /ATE :5 !Y CAME TO ! HOSPITAL2 IT W\LD TAKE YE>S TO RE/ORE !M TO HEAL?4 ,! DOCTOR EMPHASIZ$ ! FACT ?AT NO POGROMS HAD TAK5 PLACE DUR+ ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 ,IT WAS A GREAT RELIEF TO HIM & HIS /AFF TO KN[ ?AT HIS PATI5TS W]E NO LONG] 9 SU* DANG]4 ,BUT ! HOSPITAL HAD O!R DIFFICULTIES4 ,!RE WAS ! CON/ANT 9T]F]5CE BY POLITICAL ,COMMISS>S & ! DAILY /RUGGLE = SUPPLIES4 0,I SP5D MO/ ( MY TIME 9 ! V>I\S BUREAUS10 HE SAID1 ''9/EAD ( DEVOT+ MYSELF TO MY PATI5TS4 ,IGNORANT (FICIALS >E GIV5 P[] OV] ! M$ICAL PR(ESSION1 CONT9U\SLY H>ASS+ ! DOCTORS 9 !IR WORK40 ,! DOCTOR HIMSELF HAD BE5 REPEAT$LY >RE/$ = SABOTAGE BECAUSE ( HIS 9ABILITY TO COMPLY ) ! NUM]\S DECREES & ORD]S1 FREQU5TLY MUTUALLY CONTRADICTORY4 ,IT WAS ! RESULT ( A SY/EM 9 :I* POLITICAL USEFULNESS RA!R ?AN PR(ESSIONAL M]IT PLAY$ ! MA9 ROLE4 ,IT (T5 HAPP5$ ?AT A FIR/-CLASS PHYSICIAN ( WELL-KN[N REPUTE & LONG EXP]I5CE W\LD BE SUDD5LY ORD]$ TO SOME DI/ANT P>T TO PLACE A ,COMMUNI/ DOCTOR 9 HIS POSITION4 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS ! BE/ EF=TS W]E P>ALYZ$4 ,MOREOV]1 !RE WAS ! G5]AL SUSPICION ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 :I* WAS A DEMORALIZ+ FACTOR4 ,IT WAS TRUE ?AT MANY ( ?AT CLASS HAD SABOTAG$1 BUT !RE W]E ALSO ?OSE :O DID H]OIC & SELF-SACRIFIC+ WORK4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI1 BY !IR 9DISCRIM9ATE ANTAGONISM T[>D ! 9TELLIG5TSIA AS A CLASS1 R\S$ PREJUDICES & PASSIONS :I* POISON$ ! MA9SPR+S ( ! CULTURAL LIFE ( ! C\NTRY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN 9TELLIG5TSIA HAD ) ITS V]Y BLOOD F]TILIZ$ ! SOIL ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 YET IT WAS NOT GIV5 IT TO REAP ! FRUITS ( ITS LONG /RUGGLE4 0,A TRAGIC FATE10 ! DOCTOR REM>K$2 0UNLESS ONE =GET IT 9 HIS WORK1 EXI/5CE W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE40 

,! 9/ITUTION = CRIPPL$ *ILDR5 PROV$ A V]Y MODEL & MOD]N HOSPITAL1 LOCAT$ 9 ! HE>T ( A L>GE P>K4 ,IT WAS DEVOT$ TO ! M>R$ CREATURES ) TWI/$ LIMBS & DE=M$ BODIES1 VICTIMS ( ! GREAT W>1 DISEASE1 & FAM9E4 ,! *ILDR5 LOOK$ AG$ & WI!R$2 LIKE ,FA!R ,TIME1 !Y HAD BE5 BORN OLD4 ,!Y LAY 9 R[S ON CLEAN :ITE B$S1 BAK+ 9 ! W>M SUN ( ! ,UKRA9IAN SUMM]4 ,! HEAD PHYSICIAN1 :O GUID$ US ?R\< ! 9/ITUTION1 SEEM$ MU* BELOV$ BY HIS LITTLE *>GES4 ,!Y W]E EAG] & PLEAS$ TO SEE HIM AS HE APPROA*$ EA* HELPLESS *ILD & B5T OV] AFFECTIONATELY TO MAKE SOME 9QUIRIES AB\T ITS HEAL?4 ,! HOSPITAL HAD BE5 9 EXI/5CE = MANY YE>S & WAS CONSID]$ ! FIR/ ( ITS K9D 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,ITS EQUIPM5T = ! C>E ( DE=M$ & CRIPPL$ *ILDR5 WAS AMONG ! MO/ MOD]N4 0 ,S9CE ! W> & ! ,REVOLUTION WE FEEL RA!R BEH9D ! TIMES10 ! DOCTOR SAID2 0WE HAVE BE5 CUT (F FROM ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD = SO MANY YE>S4 ,BUT 9 SPITE ( ! V>I\S GOV]NM5T *ANGES WE HAVE /RIV5 TO KEEP UP \R /&>DS & TO HELP ! UN=TUNATE VICTIMS ( /RIFE & DISEASE40 ,! SUPPLIES = ! 9/ITUTION W]E PROVID$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T & ! HOSPITAL =CE WAS EXPOS$ TO NO 9T]F]5CE1 ?\< ,I UND]/OOD FROM ! DOCTOR ?AT BECAUSE ( HIS POLITICAL NEUTRALITY HE WAS LOOK$ UPON BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI AS 9CL9$ TO C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,! HOSPITAL CONTA9$ A L>GE NUMB] ( *ILDR52 SOME ( ?OSE :O C\LD WALK AB\T /UDI$ MUSIC & >T1 & WE HAD ! OPPORTUNITY ( ATT5D+ AN 9=MAL CONC]T >RANG$ BY ! *ILDR5 & !IR TEA*]S 9 \R HONOR4 ,SOME ( !M PLAY$ ! BALALAIKA 9 A MO/ >TI/IC MANN]1 & IT WAS CONSOL+ TO SEE ?OSE M>R$ *ILDR5 F9D+ =GETFULNESS 9 ! RHY?M ( ! FOLK MELODIES ( ! ,UKRA9A4 

,E>LY DUR+ \R /AY 9 ,KIEV WE LE>N$ ?AT ! MO/ VALUABLE MAT]IAL = ! ,MUSEUM WAS NOT TO BE F\ND 9 ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 BUT ?AT IT WAS 9 ! POSSESSION ( O!R POLITICAL GR\PS & PRIVATE P]SONS4 ,! BE/ /ATI/ICAL 9=MATION ON POGROMS1 = 9/ANCE1 WAS 9 ! H&S ( A =M] ,M9I/] ( ! ,RADA REGIME 9 ! ,UKRA9A4 ,I SUCCE$$ 9 LOCAT+ ! MAN & GREAT WAS MY SURPRISE :51 UPON LE>N+ MY ID5TITY1 HE PRES5T$ ME ) SEV]AL COPIES ( ! ,MO!R ,E>? MAGAZ9E ,I HAD PUBLI%$ 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,! EX-,M9I/] >RANG$ A SMALL GA!R+ TO :I* W]E 9VIT$ SOME WRIT]S & POETS & M5 ACTIVE 9 ! ,JEWI% ,KULTURLIGA TO MEET SEV]AL MEMB]S ( \R ,EXP$ITION4 ,! GA!R+ CONSI/$ ( ! BE/ ELEM5TS ( ! LOCAL ,JEWI% 9TELLIG5TSIA4 ,WE DISCUSS$ ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ME?ODS1 & ! ,JEWI% PROBLEM4 ,MO/ ( ?OSE PRES5T1 ?\< OPPOS$ TO ! ,COMMUNI/ !ORIES1 W]E 9 FAVOR ( ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y FELT ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 9 SPITE ( !IR MANY BLUND]S1 W]E /RIV+ TO FUR!R ! 9T]E/S ( ,RUSSIA & ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,AT ANY RATE1 UND] ! ,COMMUNI/ REGIME ! ,JEWS W]E NOT EXPOS$ TO ! POGROMS PRACTIC$ UPON !M BY ALL ! O!R REGIMES ( ,UKRA9A4 ,?OSE ,JEWI% 9TELLECTUALS >GU$ ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI AT LEA/ P]MITT$ ! ,JEWS TO LIVE1 & ?AT !Y W]E !RE=E TO BE PREF]R$ TO ANY O!R GOV]NM5TS & %\LD BE SUPPORT$ BY ! ,JEWS4 ,!Y W]E FE>FUL ( ! GR[? ( ANTI-,SEMITISM 9 ,RUSSIA & W]E HORRIFI$ AT ! POSSIBILITY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI BE+ OV]?R[N4 ,:OLESALE SLAU<T] ( ! ,JEWS W\LD UND\BT$LY FOLL[1 !Y BELIEV$4 

,SOME ( ! Y\NG] SET HELD A DIFF]5T VIEW4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME HAD RESULT$ 9 9CREAS$ HATR$ T[>D ! ,JEWS1 !Y SAID1 = ! MASSES W]E UND] ! IMPRESSION ?AT MO/ ( ! ,COMMUNI/S W]E ,JEWS4 ,COMMUNISM /OOD = =CIBLE TAX-COLLECTION1 PUNITIVE EXP$ITIONS1 & ! ,T*EKA4 ,POPUL> OPPOSITION TO ! ,COMMUNI/S !RE=E EXPRESS$ ITSELF 9 ! HATR$ ( ! :OLE ,JEWI% RACE4 ,?US ,BOL%EVIK TYRANNY HAD ADD$ FUEL TO ! LAT5T ANTI-,SEMITISM ( ! ,UKRA9A4 ,MOREOV]1 TO PROVE ?AT !Y W]E NOT DISCRIM9AT+ 9 FAVOR ( ! ,JEWS1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAD GONE TO ! O!R EXTREME & FREQU5TLY >RE/$ & PUNI%$ ,JEWS = ?+S ?AT ! ,G5TILES C\LD DO ) IMPUNITY4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI ALSO FO/]$ & 5D[$ CULTURAL WORK 9 ! S\? 9 ! ,UKRA9IAN LANGUAGE1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME !Y DISC\RAG$ SU* EF=TS 9 ! ,JEWI% LANGUAGE4 ,IT WAS TRUE ?AT ! ,KULTURLIGA WAS /ILL P]MITT$ TO EXI/1 BUT ITS WORK WAS HAMP]$ AT EV]Y /EP4 ,9 %ORT1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI P]MITT$ ! ,JEWS TO LIVE1 BUT ONLY 9 A PHYSICAL S5SE4 ,CULTURALLY1 !Y W]E CONDEMN$ TO DEA?4 ,! ,YEVKOM 7,JEWI% ,COMMUNI/ ,SECTION7 WAS RECEIV+1 ( C\RSE1 EV]Y ADVANTAGE & SUPPORT FROM ! ,GOV]NM5T1 BUT !N ITS MISSION WAS TO C>RY ! GOSPEL ( ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP TO ! ,JEWS ( ! ,UKRA9A4 ,IT WAS SIGNIFICANT ?AT ! ,YEVKOM WAS MORE ANTI-,SEMITIC ?AN ! ,UKRA9IANS !MSELVES4 ,IF IT HAD ! P[] IT W\LD POGROM EV]Y NON-,COMMUNI/ ,JEWI% ORGANIZATION & DE/ROY ALL ,JEWI% $UCATIONAL EF=TS4 ,?IS Y\NG ELEM5T EMPHASIZ$ ?AT !Y DID NOT FAVOR ! OV]?R[ ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T2 BUT !Y C\LD NOT SUPPORT IT1 EI!R4 

,I FELT ?AT BO? ,JEWI% FACTIONS TOOK A PURELY NATIONALI/IC VIEW ( ! ,RUSSIAN SITUATION4 ,I C\LD WELL UND]/& !IR P]SONAL ATTITUDE1 ! RESULT ( !IR [N SUFF]+ & ! P]SECUTION ( ! ,JEWI% RACE4 ,/ILL1 MY *IEF CONC]N WAS ! ,REVOLUTION & ITS EFFECTS UPON ,RUSSIA AS A :OLE4 ,:E!R ! ,BOL%EVIKI %\LD BE SUPPORT$ OR NOT C\LD NOT DEP5D M]ELY ON !IR ATTITUDE TO ! ,JEWS & ! ,JEWI% QUE/ION4 ,! LATT] WAS SURELY A V]Y VITAL & PRESS+ ISSUE1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,UKRA9A2 YET ! G5]AL PROBLEM 9VOLV$ WAS MU* GREAT]4 ,IT EMBRAC$ ! COMPLETE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EMANCIPATION ( ! :OLE PEOPLE ( ,RUSSIA1 ! ,JEWS 9CLUD$4 ,IF ! ,BOL%EVIK ME?ODS & PRACTICES W]E NOT IMPOS$ UPON !M BY ! =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 IF !Y W]E CONDITION$ 9 !IR [N !ORIES & PR9CIPLES1 & IF !IR SOLE OBJECT WAS TO SECURE !IR [N P[]1 ,I C\LD NOT SUPPORT !M4 ,!Y MI<T BE 9NOC5T ( POGROMS AGA9/ ! ,JEWS1 BUT IF !Y W]E POGROM+ ! :OLE ( ,RUSSIA !N !Y HAD FAIL$ 9 !IR MISSION AS A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY4 ,I WAS NOT PREP>$ TO SAY ?AT ,I HAD REA*$ A CLE> UND]/&+ ( ALL ! PROBLEMS 9VOLV$1 BUT MY EXP]I5CE SO F> L$ ME TO ?9K ?AT IT WAS ! BASIC ,BOL%EVIK CONCEPTION ( ! ,REVOLUTION :I* WAS FALSE1 ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATION NECESS>ILY RESULT+ 9 ! GREAT ,RUSSIAN CATA/ROPHE ( :I* ! ,JEWI% TRAG$Y WAS BUT A M9OR P>T4 

,MY HO/ & HIS FRI5DS C\LD NOT AGREE ) MY VIEWPO9T3 WE REPRES5T$ OPPOSITE CAMPS4 ,BUT ! GA!R+ WAS NEV]!LESS 9T5SELY 9T]E/+ & IT WAS >RANG$ ?AT WE MEET AGA9 BE=E \R DEP>TURE FROM ! CITY4 

,RETURN+ TO \R C> ONE DAY ,I SAW A DETA*M5T ( ,R$ ,>MY SOLDI]S AT ! RAILWAY /ATION4 ,ON 9QUIRY ,I F\ND ?AT =EIGN DELEGATES W]E EXPECT$ FROM ,MOSC[ & ?AT ! SOLDI]S HAD BE5 ORD]$ \T TO P>TICIPATE 9 A DEMON/RATION 9 !IR HONOR4 ,GR\PS ( ! UNI=M$ M5 /OOD AB\T DISCUSS+ ! >RIVAL ( ! MISSION4 ,!RE W]E MANY EXPRESSIONS ( DISSATISFACTION BECAUSE ! SOLDI]S HAD BE5 KEPT WAIT+ SO LONG4 0,!SE PEOPLE COME TO ,RUSSIA JU/ TO LOOK US OV]10 ONE ( ! ,R$ ,>MY M5 SAID2 0DO !Y KN[ ANY?+ AB\T US OR >E !Y 9T]E/$ 9 H[ WE LIVE8 ,NOT !Y4 ,IT'S A HOLIDAY = !M4 ,!Y >E DRESS$ UP & F$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T1 BUT !Y NEV] TALK TO US & ALL !Y SEE IS H[ WE M>* PA/4 ,H]E WE HAVE BE5 LY+ >\ND 9 ! BURN+ SUN = H\RS :ILE ! DELEGATES >E PROBABLY BE+ FEA/$ AT SOME O!R /ATION4 ,?AT'S COMRADE%IP & EQUALITY = Y\60 

,I HAD HE>D SU* S5TIM5TS VOIC$ BE=E1 BUT IT WAS SURPRIS+ TO HE> !M FROM SOLDI]S4 ,I ?\<T ( ,ANGELICA ,BALABANOVA1 :O WAS ACCOMPANY+ ! ,ITALIAN ,MISSION1 & ,I WOND]$ :AT %E W\LD ?9K IF %E KNEW H[ ! M5 FELT4 ,IT HAD PROBABLY NEV] OCCURR$ TO H] ?AT ?OSE 0IGNORANT ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS0 9 MILIT>Y UNI=M HAD LOOK$ ?R\< ! %AM ( (FICIAL DEMON/RATIONS4 

,! FOLL[+ DAY WE RECEIV$ AN 9VITATION FROM ,BALABANOVA TO ATT5D A BANQUET GIV5 9 HONOR ( ! ,ITALIAN DELEGATES4 ,ANXI\S TO MEET ! =EIGN GUE/S1 SEV]AL MEMB]S ( \R ,EXP$ITION ACCEPT$ ! 9VITATION4 

,! AFFAIR TOOK PLACE 9 ! =M] ,*AMB] ( ,COMM]CE BUILD+1 PR(USELY DECORAT$ = ! OCCASION4 ,9 ! MA9 BANQUET HALL LONG TABLES W]E HEAVILY LAD5 ) FRE%-CUT FL[]S1 SEV]AL V>IETIES ( S\!RN FRUIT1 & W9E4 ,! SI<T REM9D$ ONE ( ! FEA/S ( ! OLD B\RGEOISIE1 & ,I C\LD SEE ?AT ,ANGELICA FELT RA!R UNCOM=TABLE AT ! LAVI% DISPLAY ( SILV]W>E & WEAL?4 ,! BANQUET OP5$ ) ! USUAL TOA/S1 ! GUE/S DR9K+ TO ,L591 ,TROTSKY1 ! ,R$ ,>MY1 & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! :OLE COMPANY RIS+ AS ! REVOLUTION>Y AN!M WAS 9TON$ AFT] EA* TOA/1 ) ! SOLDI]S & (FIC]S /&+ AT ATT5TION 9 GOOD OLD MILIT>Y /YLE4 

,AMONG ! DELEGATES W]E TWO Y\NG ,FR5* ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S4 ,!Y HAD HE>D ( \R PRES5CE 9 ,KIEV & HAD BE5 LOOK+ = US ALL DAY )\T BE+ ABLE TO LOCATE US4 ,AFT] ! BANQUET !Y W]E IMM$IATELY TO LEAVE = ,PETROGRAD1 SO ?AT WE HAD ONLY A %ORT TIME AT \R DISPOSAL4 ,ON \R WAY TO ! /ATION ! DELEGATES RELAT$ ?AT !Y HAD COLLECT$ MU* MAT]IAL ON ! ,REVOLUTION :I* !Y 9T5D$ TO PUBLI% 9 ,FRANCE4 ,!Y HAD BECOME CONV9C$ ?AT ALL WAS NOT WELL ) ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME3 !Y HAD COME TO REALIZE ?AT ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT WAS 9 ! EXCLUSIVE H&S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :ILE ! COMMON WORK] WAS 5SLAV$ AS MU* AS EV]4 ,IT WAS !IR 9T5TION1 !Y SAID1 TO SPEAK FRANKLY AB\T !SE MATT]S TO !IR COMRADES AT HOME & TO SUB/ANTIATE !IR ATTITUDE BY ! MAT]IAL 9 !IR POSSESSION4 0,DO Y\ EXPECT TO GET ! DOCUM5TS \T80 ,I ASK$ ,LA ,PETIT1 ONE ( ! DELEGATES4 0,Y\ DON'T MEAN ?AT ,I MI<T BE PREV5T$ FROM TAK+ \T MY [N NOTES10 HE REPLI$4 0,! ,BOL%EVIKI W\LD NOT D>E TO GO SO F>--NOT ) =EIGN DELEGATES1 AT ANY RATE40 ,HE SEEM$ SO CONFID5T ?AT ,I DID NOT C>E TO PURSUE ! SUBJECT FUR!R4 ,?AT NI<T ! DELEGATES LEFT ,KIEV & A %ORT TIME AFT]W>DS !Y DEP>T$ FROM ,RUSSIA4 ,!Y W]E NEV] SE5 ALIVE AGA94 ,)\T MAK+ ANY COMM5T UPON !IR DISAPPE>ANCE ,I M]ELY WANT TO M5TION ?AT :5 ,I RETURN$ TO ,MOSC[ SEV]AL MON?S LAT] IT WAS G5]ALLY RELAT$ ?AT ! TWO ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 ) SEV]AL O!R M5 :O HAD ACCOMPANI$ !M1 W]E OV]TAK5 BY A /ORM SOME:]E (F ! COA/ ( ,F9L&1 & W]E ALL DR[N$4 ,!RE W]E RUMORS ( F\L PLAY1 ?\< ,I AM NOT 9CL9$ TO CR$IT ! /ORY1 ESPECIALLY 9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT TOGE!R ) ! ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S ALSO P]I%$ A ,COMMUNI/ 9 GOOD /&+ 9 ,MOSC[4 ,BUT !IR DISAPPE>ANCE ) ALL ! DOCUM5TS !Y HAD COLLECT$ HAS NEV] BE5 SATISFACTORILY EXPLA9$4 

,! ROOMS ASSIGN$ TO ! MEMB]S ( \R ,EXP$ITION W]E LOCAT$ 9 A H\SE )9 A PASSAGE LEAD+ (F ! ,KRES*ATIK1 ! MA9 /REET ( ,KIEV4 ,IT HAD =M]LY BE5 ! WEAL?Y RESID5TIAL SECTION ( ! CITY & ITS F9E H\SES1 ?\< LATELY NEGLECT$1 /ILL LOOK$ IMPOS+4 ,! PASSAGE ALSO CONTA9$ A NUMB] ( %OPS1 RU9S ( =M] GLORY1 :I* CAT]$ TO ! WELL-TO-DO ( ! NEI<BORHOOD4 ,?OSE /ORES /ILL HAD GOOD SUPPLIES ( VEGETABLES1 FRUIT1 MILK1 & BUTT]4 ,!Y W]E [N$ MO/LY BY OLD ,JEWS :OSE 5]GIES C\LD NOT BE APPLI$ TO ANY O!R USEFULNESS--,OR?ODOX ,JEWS TO :OM ! ,REVOLUTION & ! ,BOL%EVIKI W]E A BETE NOIRE1 BECAUSE ?AT HAD 0RU9$ ALL BUS9ESS40 ,! LITTLE %OPS B>ELY 5ABL$ !IR [N]S TO EXI/2 MOREOV]1 !Y W]E 9 CON/ANT DANG] ( ,T*EKA RAIDS1 ON :I* OCCASIONS ! PROVISIONS W\LD BE EXPROPRIAT$4 ,! APPE>ANCE ( ?OSE /ORES DID NOT JU/IFY ! BELIEF ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T W\LD F9D IT WOR? :ILE RAID+ !M4 0,W\LD NOT ! ,T*EKA PREF] TO CONFISCATE ! GOODS ( ! BIG DELICATESS5 & FRUIT /ORES ON ! ,KRES*ATIK80 ,I ASK$ AN OLD ,JEW /OREKEEP]4 0,NOT AT ALL10 HE REPLI$2 0?OSE /ORES >E IMMUNE BECAUSE !Y PAY HEAVY TAXES40 

,! MORN+ FOLL[+ ! BANQUET ,I W5T D[N TO ! LITTLE GROC]Y /ORE ,I US$ TO DO MY %OPP+ 94 ,! PLACE WAS CLOS$1 & ,I WAS SURPRIS$ TO F9D ?AT NOT ONE ( ! SMALL %OPS NE> BY WAS OP54 ,TWO DAYS LAT] ,I LE>N$ ?AT ! PLACES HAD ALL BE5 RAID$ ON ! EVE ( ! BANQUET 9 ORD] TO FEA/ ! =EIGN DELEGATES4 ,I PROMIS$ MYSELF NEV] TO ATT5D ANO!R ,BOL%EVIK BANQUET4 

,AMONG ! MEMB]S ( ! ,KULTURLIGA ,I MET A MAN :O HAD LIV$ 9 ,AM]ICA1 BUT = SEV]AL YE>S N[ WAS ) HIS FAMILY 9 ,KIEV4 ,HIS HOME PROV$ ONE ( ! MO/ HOSPITABLE DUR+ MY /AY 9 ! S\?1 & AS HE HAD MANY CALL]S BELONG+ TO V>I\S SOCIAL CLASSES ,I WAS ABLE TO GA!R MU* 9=MATION AB\T ! REC5T HI/ORY ( ,UKRA9A4 ,MY HO/ WAS NOT A ,COMMUNI/3 ?\< CRITICAL ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME1 HE WAS BY NO MEANS ANTAGONI/IC4 ,HE US$ TO SAY ?AT ! MA9 FAULT ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI WAS !IR LACK ( PSY*OLOGICAL P]CEPTION4 ,HE ASS]T$ ?AT NO GOV]NM5T HAD EV] SU* A GREAT OPPORTUNITY 9 ! ,UKRA9A AS ! ,COMMUNI/S4 ,! PEOPLE HAD SUFF]$ SO MU* FROM ! V>I\S OCCUPATIONS & W]E SO OPPRESS$ BY EV]Y NEW REGIME ?AT !Y REJOIC$ :5 ! ,BOL%EVIKI 5T]$ ,KIEV4 ,EV]YBODY HOP$ ?AT !Y W\LD BR+ RELIEF4 ,BUT ! ,COMMUNI/S QUICKLY DE/ROY$ ALL ILLUSIONS4 ,)9 A FEW MON?S !Y PROV$ !MSELVES 5TIRELY 9CAPABLE ( ADM9I/]+ ! AFFAIRS ( ! CITY2 !IR ME?ODS ANTAGONIZ$ ! PEOPLE1 & ! T]RORISM ( ! ,T*EKA TURN$ EV5 ! FRI5DS ( ! ,COMMUNI/S TO BITT] 5MITY4 ,NOBODY OBJECT$ TO ! NATIONALIZATION ( 9DU/RY & IT WAS ( C\RSE EXPECT$ ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI W\LD EXPROPRIATE4 ,BUT :5 ! ,B\RGEOISIE HAD BE5 RELIEV$ ( ITS POSSESSIONS IT WAS F\ND ?AT ONLY ! RAID]S B5EFIT$4 ,NEI!R ! PEOPLE AT L>GE NOR EV5 ! PROLET>IAN CLASS GA9$ ANY?+4 ,PRECI\S JEWELRY1 SILV]W>E1 FURS1 PRACTICALLY ! :OLE WEAL? ( ,KIEV SEEM$ TO DISAPPE> & WAS NO MORE HE>D (4 ,LAT] MEMB]S ( ! ,T*EKA /RUTT$ AB\T ! /REETS ) !IR WOM5 G[N$ 9 ! F9]Y ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,:5 PRIVATE BUS9ESS PLACES W]E CLOS$1 ! DOORS W]E LOCK$ & SEAL$ & GU>DS PLAC$ !RE4 ,BUT )9 A FEW WEEKS ! /ORES W]E F\ND EMPTY4 ,?IS K9D ( 0MANAGEM5T0 & ! NUM]\S SLEW LAWS & $ICTS1 (T5 MUTUALLY CONFLICT+1 S]V$ ! ,T*EKA AS A PRETEXT TO T]RORIZE & MULCT ! CITIZ5S & >\S$ G5]AL HATR$ AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,! PEOPLE HAD TURN$ AGA9/ ,PETLURA1 ,D5IK91 & ! ,POLES4 ,! WELCOM$ ! ,BOL%EVIKI ) OP5 >MS4 ,BUT ! LA/ DISAPPO9T$ !M AS ! FIR/4 

0,N[ WE HAVE GOTT5 US$ TO ! SITUATION10 MY HO/ SAID1 0WE JU/ DRIFT & MANAGE AS BE/ WE CAN40 ,BUT HE ?\<T IT A PITY ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI LO/ SU* A GREAT *ANCE4 ,!Y W]E UNABLE TO HOLD ! CONFID5CE ( ! PEOPLE & TO DIRECT ?AT CONFID5CE 9TO CON/RUCTIVE *ANNELS4 ,NOT ONLY HAD ! ,BOL%EVIKI FAIL$ TO OP]ATE ! BIG 9DU/RIES3 !Y ALSO DE/ROY$ ! SMALL KU/>NAYA WORK4 ,!RE HAD BE5 ?\S&S ( >TISANS 9 ! PROV9CE ( ,KIEV = 9/ANCE2 MO/ ( !M HAD WORK$ BY !MSELVES1 )\T EXPLOIT+ ANY ONE4 ,!Y W]E 9DEP5D5T PRODUC]S :O SUPPLI$ A C]TA9 NE$ ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI 9 !IR RECKLESS S*EME ( NATIONALIZATION SUSP5D$ ?OSE EF=TS )\T BE+ ABLE TO REPLACE !M BY AU<T ELSE4 ,!Y HAD NO?+ TO GIVE EI!R TO ! WORK]S OR TO ! PEASANTS4 ,! CITY PROLET>IAT FAC$ ! ALT]NATIVE ( />V+ 9 ! CITY OR GO+ BACK TO ! C\NTRY4 ,!Y PREF]R$ ! LATT]1 ( C\RSE4 ,?OSE :O C\LD NOT GET TO ! C\NTRY 5GAG$ 9 TRADE1 BUY+ & SELL+ JEWELRY1 = 9/ANCE4 ,PRACTICALLY EV]YBODY 9 ,RUSSIA HAD BECOME A TRADESMAN1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T NO LESS ?AN PRIVATE SPECULATORS4 0,Y\ HAVE NO IDEA ( ! CEM5T ( ILLICIT BUS9ESS C>RI$ ON BY (FICIALS 9 ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS10 MY HO/ 9=M$ ME2 0NOR IS ! >MY FREE FROM IT4 ,MY NEPHEW1 A ,R$ ,>MY (FIC]1 A ,COMMUNI/1 HAS JU/ RETURN$ FROM ! ,POLI% FRONT4 ,HE CAN TELL Y\ AB\T !SE PRACTICES 9 ! >MY40 

,I WAS P>TICUL>LY EAG] TO TALK TO ! Y\NG (FIC]4 ,9 MY TRAVELS ,I HAD MET MANY SOLDI]S1 & ,I F\ND ?AT MO/ ( !M HAD RETA9$ ! OLD SLAVE PSY*OLOGY & B[$ ABSOLUTELY TO MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E4 ,SOME1 H[EV]1 W]E V]Y WIDE AWAKE & C\LD SEE CLE>LY :AT WAS HAPP5+ AB\T !M4 ,A C]TA9 SMALL ELEM5T 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY WAS 5TIRELY TRANS=M$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS PRO( ( ! GE/ATION ( NEW LIFE & NEW =MS :I* SET ,RUSSIA AP>T FROM ! RE/ ( ! WORLD1 NOT)/&+ ,BOL%EVIK TYRANNY & OPPRESSION4 ,= ?AT ELEM5T ! ,REVOLUTION HAD A DEEP SIGNIFICANCE4 ,!Y SAW 9 IT SOME?+ VITAL :I* EV5 ! DAILY DECREES C\LD NOT COMPRESS )9 ! N>R[ ,COMMUNI/ MOLD4 ,IT WAS !IR ATTITUDE & G5]AL S5TIM5T ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAD NOT KEPT FAI? ) ! PEOPLE4 ,!Y SAW ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE GR[+ AT ! CO/ ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 & SOME ( !M EV5 W5T SO F> AS TO VOICE ! OP9ION ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAD BECOME ! 5EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT !Y ALL FELT ?AT = ! TIME BE+ !Y C\LD DO NO?+4 ,!Y W]E DET]M9$ TO DISPOSE ( ! =EIGN 5EMIES FIR/4 0,!N10 !Y W\LD SAY1 0WE WILL FACE ! 5EMY AT HOME40 

,R$ ,>MY (FIC] PROV$ A F9E-LOOK+ FELL[ V]Y DEEPLY 9 E>NE/4 ,AT FIR/ HE WAS DIS9CL9$ TO TALK1 BUT 9 ! C\RSE ( ! EV5+ HE GREW LESS EMB>RASS$ & EXPRESS$ HIS FEEL+S FREELY4 ,HE HAD F\ND MU* CORRUPTION AT ! FRONT1 HE SAID4 ,BUT IT WAS EV5 WORSE AT ! BASE ( SUPPLIES :]E HE HAD DONE DUTY = SOME TIME4 ,! M5 AT ! FRONT W]E PRACTICALLY )\T CLO!S OR %OES4 ,! FOOD WAS 9SUFFICI5T & ! ,>MY WAS RAVAG$ BY TYPHOID & *OL]A4 ,YET ! SPIRIT ( ! M5 WAS WOND]FUL4 ,!Y F\<T BRAVELY1 5?USIA/ICALLY1 BECAUSE !Y BELIEV$ 9 !IR IDEAL ( A FREE ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT :ILE !Y W]E FI<T+ & DY+ = ! GREAT CAUSE1 ! HI<] (FIC]S1 ! SO-CALL$ TOV>I/*I1 SAT 9 SAFE RETREAT & !RE DRANK & GAMBL$ & GOT RI* BY SPECULATION4 ,! SUPPLIES SO DESP]ATELY NE$$ AT ! FRONT W]E BE+ SOLD AT FABUL\S PRICES TO SPECULATORS4 

,! Y\NG (FIC] HAD BECOME SO DI%E>T5$ BY ! SITUATION1 HE HAD ?\<T ( COMMITT+ SUICIDE4 ,BUT N[ HE WAS DET]M9$ TO RETURN TO ! FRONT4 0,I %ALL GO BACK & TELL MY COMRADES :AT ,I HAVE SE510 HE SAID2 0\R REAL WORK WILL BEG9 :5 WE HAVE DEFEAT$ =EIGN 9VASION4 ,!N WE %ALL GO AFT] ?OSE :O >E TRAD+ AWAY ! ,REVOLUTION40 

,I FELT !RE WAS NO CAUSE TO DESPAIR SO LONG AS ,RUSSIA POSSESS$ SU* SPIRITS4 

,I RETURN$ TO MY ROOM TO F9D \R SECRET>Y WAIT+ TO REPORT ! VALUABLE F9D %E HAD MADE4 ,IT CONSI/$ ( RI* ,D5IK9 MAT]IAL /ACK$ 9 ! CITY LIBR>Y & APP>5TLY =GOTT5 BY EV]YBODY4 ,! LIBR>IAN1 A ZEAL\S ,UKRA9IAN NATIONALI/1 REFUS$ TO P]MIT ! 0,RUSSIAN0 ,MUSEUM TO TAKE ! MAT]IAL1 ?\< IT WAS ( NO USE TO ,KIEV1 LIT]ALLY BURI$ 9 AN OBSCURE CORN] & EXPOS$ TO DANG] & RU94 ,WE DECID$ TO APPEAL TO ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,$UCATION & TO APPLY ! 0,AM]ICAN AMULET40 ,IT GREW TO BE A /&+ JOKE AMONG ! MEMB]S ( ! ,EXP$ITION TO RESORT TO ! 0AMULET0 9 DIFFICULT SITUATIONS4 ,SU* MATT]S W]E ALWAYS REF]R$ TO ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & MYSELF AS ! 0,AM]ICANS40 

,IT REQUIR$ CONSID]ABLE P]SUASION TO 9T]E/ ! *AIRMAN 9 ! MATT]4 ,HE P]SI/$ 9 REFUS+ TILL ,I F9ALLY ASK$ HIM3 0,>E Y\ WILL+ ?AT IT BECOME KN[N 9 ,AM]ICA ?AT Y\ PREF] TO HAVE VALUABLE HI/ORICAL MAT]IAL ROT AWAY 9 ,KIEV RA!R ?AN GIVE IT TO ! ,PETROGRAD ,MUSEUM1 :I* IS SURE TO BECOME A WORLD C5T] = ! /UDY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & :]E ,UKRA9A IS TO HAVE SU* AN IMPORTANT P>T80 ,AT LA/ ! *AIRMAN ISSU$ ! REQUIR$ ORD] & \R ,EXP$ITION TOOK POSSESSION ( ! MAT]IAL1 TO ! GREAT ELATION ( \R SECRET>Y1 TO :OM ! ,MUSEUM REPRES5T$ ! MO/ IMPORTANT 9T]E/ 9 LIFE4 

,9 ! AFT]NOON ( ! SAME DAY ,I WAS VISIT$ BY A WOMAN ,AN>*I/ :O WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY A Y\NG PEASANT GIRL1 CONFID5TIALLY 9TRODUC$ AS ! WIFE ( ,MAKHNO4 ,MY HE>T /OOD /ILL = A MOM5T3 ! PRES5CE ( ?AT GIRL 9 ,KIEV MEANT C]TA9 DEA? W]E %E DISCOV]$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,IT ALSO 9VOLV$ GRAVE DANG] TO MY L&LORD & HIS FAMILY1 = 9 ,COMMUNI/ ,RUSSIA H>BOR+ EV5 IF UNWITT+LY --A MEMB] ( ! ,MAKHNO POV/ANTSI (T5 9CURR$ ! WOR/ CONSEQU5CES4 ,I EXPRESS$ SURPRISE AT ! Y\NG WOMAN'S RECKLESSNESS 9 ?US WALK+ 9TO ! V]Y JAWS ( ! 5EMY4 ,BUT %E EXPLA9$ ?AT ,MAKHNO WAS DET]M9$ TO REA* US2 HE W\LD TRU/ NO ONE ELSE ) ! MESSAGE1 & !RE=E %E HAD VOLUNTE]$ TO COME4 ,IT WAS EVID5T ?AT DANG] HAD LO/ ALL T]ROR = H]4 0,WE HAVE BE5 LIV+ 9 CON/ANT P]IL = YE>S10 %E SAID SIMPLY4 

,DIVE/$ ( H] DISGUISE1 %E REVEAL$ MU* BEAUTY4 ,%E WAS A WOMAN ( TW5TY-FIVE1 ) A WEAL? ( JET-BLACK HAIR ( /RIK+ LU/]4 0,NE/OR HAD HOP$ ?AT Y\ & ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN W\LD MANAGE TO COME1 BUT HE WAIT$ 9 VA910 %E BEGAN4 0,N[ HE S5T ME TO TELL Y\ AB\T ! /RUGGLE HE IS WAG+ & HE HOPES ?AT Y\ WILL MAKE HIS PURPOSE KN[N TO ! WORLD \TSIDE40 ,LATE 9TO ! NI<T %E RELAT$ ! /ORY ( ,MAKHNO :I* TALLI$ 9 ALL IMPORTANT FEATURES ) ?AT TOLD US BY ! TWO ,UKRA9IAN VISITORS 9 ,PETROGRAD4 ,%E DWELT ON ! ME?ODS EMPLOY$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI TO ELIM9ATE ,MAKHNO & ! AGREEM5TS !Y HAD REPEAT$LY MADE ) HIM1 EV]Y ONE ( :I* HAD BE5 BROK5 BY ! ,COMMUNI/S ! MOM5T IMM$IATE DANG] FROM 9VAD]S WAS OV]4 ,%E SPOKE ( ! SAVAGE P]SECUTION ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,MAKHNO >MY & ( ! NUM]\S ATTEMPTS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI TO TRAP & KILL ,NE/OR4 ,?AT FAIL+1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAD MURD]$ HIS BRO!R & HAD EXT]M9AT$ H] [N FAMILY1 9CLUD+ H] FA!R & BRO!R4 ,%E PRAIS$ ! REVOLUTION>Y DEVOTION1 ! H]OISM & 5DURANCE ( ! POV/ANTSI 9 ! FACE ( ! GREATE/ DIFFICULTIES1 & %E 5T]TA9$ US ) ! LEG5DS ! PEASANTS HAD WOV5 AB\T ! P]SONALITY ( ,MAKHNO4 ,?US1 = 9/ANCE1 !RE GREW UP AMONG ! C\NTRY FOLK ! BELIEF ?AT ,MAKHNO WAS 9VULN]ABLE BECAUSE HE HAD NEV] BE5 W\ND$ DUR+ ALL ! YE>S ( W>F>E1 9 SPITE ( HIS PRACTICE ( ALWAYS P]SONALLY LEAD+ EV]Y *>GE4 

,%E WAS A GOOD CONV]SATIONALI/1 & H] TRAGIC /ORY WAS RELIEV$ BY BRI<T T\*ES ( HUMOR4 ,%E TOLD MANY ANECDOTES AB\T ! EXPLOITS ( ,MAKHNO4 ,ONCE HE HAD CAUS$ A W$D+ TO BE CELEBRAT$ 9 A VILLAGE OCCUPI$ BY ! 5EMY4 ,IT WAS A GALA AFFAIR1 EV]YBODY ATT5D+4 ,:ILE ! PEOPLE W]E MAK+ M]RY ON ! M>KET PLACE & ! SOLDI]S W]E SUCCUMB+ TO ! TEMPTATION ( DR9K1 ,MAKHNO'S M5 SURR\ND$ ! VILLAGE & EASILY R\T$ ! SUP]IOR =CES /ATION$ !RE4 ,HAV+ TAK5 A T[N IT WAS ALWAYS ,MAKHNO'S PRACTICE TO COMPEL ! RI* PEASANTS1 ! KULAKI1 TO GIVE UP !IR SURPLUS WEAL?1 :I* WAS !N DIVID$ AMONG ! POOR1 ,MAKHNO KEEP+ A %>E = HIS >MY4 ,!N HE W\LD CALL A MEET+ ( ! VILLAG]S1 ADDRESS !M ON ! PURPOSES ( ! POV/ANTSI MOVEM5T1 & DI/RIBUTE HIS LIT]ATURE4 

,LATE 9TO ! NI<T ! Y\NG WOMAN RELAT$ ! /ORY ( ,MAKHNO & MAKHNOV/*9A4 ,H] VOICE1 HELD L[ BECAUSE ( ! DANG] ( ! SITUATION1 WAS RI* & MELL[1 H] EYES %ORE ) ! 9T5SITY ( EMOTION4 0,NE/OR WANTS Y\ TO TELL ! COMRADES ( ,AM]ICA & ,EUROPE10 %E CONCLUD$1 0 ?AT HE IS ONE ( !M--AN ,AN>*I/ :OSE AIM IS TO DEF5D ! ,REVOLUTION AGA9/ ALL 5EMIES4 ,HE IS TRY+ TO DIRECT ! 9NATE REBELLI\S SPIRIT ( ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANT 9TO ORGANIZ$ ,AN>*I/ *ANNELS4 ,HE FEELS ?AT HE CANNOT ACCOMPLI% IT HIMSELF )\T ! AID ( ! ,AN>*I/S ( ,RUSSIA4 ,HE HIMSELF IS 5TIRELY OCCUPI$ ) MILIT>Y MATT]S1 & HE HAS !RE=E 9VIT$ HIS COMRADES ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY TO TAKE *>GE ( ! $UCATIONAL WORK4 ,HIS ULTIMATE PLAN IS TO TAKE POSSESSION ( A SMALL T]RITORY 9 ,UKRA9A & !RE E/ABLI% A FREE COMMUNE4 ,MEAN:ILE1 HE IS DET]M9$ TO FI<T EV]Y REACTION>Y =CE40 

,MAKHNO WAS V]Y ANXI\S TO CONF] P]SONALLY ) ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & MYSELF1 & HE PROPOS$ ! FOLL[+ PLAN4 ,HE W\LD >RANGE TO TAKE ANY SMALL T[N OR VILLAGE BETWE5 ,KIEV & ,KH>KOV :]E \R C> MI<T HAPP5 TO BE4 ,IT W\LD BE C>RI$ \T )\T ANY USE ( VIOL5CE1 ! PLACE BE+ CAPTUR$ BY SURPRISE4 ,! /RATAGEM W\LD HAVE ! APPE>ANCE ( \R HAV+ BE5 TAK5 PRISON]S1 & PROTECTION W\LD BE GU>ANTE$ TO ! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,EXP$ITION4 ,AFT] \R CONF]5CE WE W\LD BE GIV5 SAFE CONDUCT TO \R C>4 ,IT W\LD AT ! SAME TIME 9SURE US AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 = ! :OLE S*EME W\LD BE C>RI$ \T 9 MILIT>Y MANN]1 SIMIL> TO A REGUL> ,MAKHNO RAID4 ,! PLAN PROMIS$ A V]Y 9T]E/+ ADV5TURE & WE W]E ANXI\S = AN OPPORTUNITY TO MEET ,MAKHNO P]SONALLY4 ,YET WE C\LD NOT EXPOSE ! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,EXP$ITION TO ! RISK 9VOLV$ 9 SU* AN UND]TAK+4 ,WE DECID$ NOT TO AVAIL \RSELVES ( ! (F]1 HOP+ ?AT ANO!R OCCASION MI<T PRES5T ITSELF TO MEET ! POV/ANTSI LEAD]4 

,MAKHNO'S WIFE HAD BE5 A C\NTRY S*OOL TEA*]2 %E POSSESS$ CONSID]ABLE 9=MATION & WAS 9T5SELY 9T]E/$ 9 ALL CULTURAL PROBLEMS4 ,%E PLI$ ME ) QUE/IONS AB\T ,AM]ICAN WOM51 :E!R !Y HAD REALLY BECOME EMANCIPAT$ & 5JOY$ EQUAL RI<TS4 ,! Y\NG WOMAN HAD BE5 ) ,MAKHNO & HIS >MY = SEV]AL YE>S1 BUT %E C\LD NOT RECONCILE H]SELF TO ! PRIMITIVE ATTITUDE ( H] PEOPLE 9 REG>D TO WOMAN4 ,! ,UKRA9IAN WOMAN %E SAID1 WAS CONSID]$ AN OBJECT ( SEX & MO!RHOOD ONLY4 ,NE/OR HIMSELF WAS NO EXCEPTION 9 ?IS MATT]4 ,WAS IT DIFF]5T 9 ,AM]ICA8 ,DID ! ,AM]ICAN WOMAN BELIEVE 9 FREE MO!RHOOD & WAS %E FAMILI> ) ! SUBJECT ( BIR? CONTROL8 

,IT WAS A/ONI%+ TO HE> SU* QUE/IONS FROM A PEASANT GIRL4 ,I ?\<T IT MO/ REM>KABLE ?AT A WOMAN BORN & RE>$ SO F> FROM ! SC5E ( WOMAN'S /RUGGLE = EMANCIPATION %\LD YET BE SO ALIVE TO ITS PROBLEMS4 ,I SPOKE TO ! GIRL ( ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ADVANC$ WOM5 ( ,AM]ICA1 ( !IR A*IEVEM5TS & ( ! WORK YET TO BE DONE = WOMAN'S EMANCIPATION4 ,I M5TION$ SOME ( ! LIT]ATURE DEAL+ ) !SE SUBJECTS4 ,%E LI/5$ EAG]LY4 0,I MU/ GET HOLD ( SOME?+ TO HELP \R PEASANT WOM54 ,!Y >E JU/ BEA/S ( BURD510 %E SAID4 

,E>LY ! NEXT MORN+ WE SAW H] SAFELY \T ( ! H\SE4 ,! SAME DAY1 :ILE VISIT+ ! ,AN>*I/ CLUB1 ,I WITNESS$ A PECULI> SI<T4 ,! CLUB HAD REC5TLY BE5 REOP5$ AFT] HAV+ BE5 RAID$ BY ! ,T*EKA4 ,! LOCAL ,AN>*I/S MET 9 ! CLUB ROOMS = /UDY & LECTURES2 ,AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE WAS ALSO TO BE HAD !RE4 ,:ILE CONV]S+ ) SOME FRI5DS ,I NOTIC$ A GR\P ( PRISON]S PASS+ ON ! /REET BEL[4 ,JU/ AS !Y NE>$ ! ,AN>*I/ HEADQU>T]S SEV]AL ( !M LOOK$ UP1 HAV+ EVID5TLY NOTIC$ ! L>GE SIGN OV] ! CLUB ROOMS4 ,SUDD5LY !Y /RAI<T5$ UP1 TOOK (F !IR CAPS1 B[$1 & !N PASS$ ON4 ,I TURN$ TO MY FRI5DS4 0,?OSE PEASANTS >E PROBABLY MAKHNOV/SI1 0!Y SAID2 0! ,AN>*I/ HEADQU>T]S >E SACR$ PREC9CTS TO !M40 ,H[ EXCEPTIONAL ! ,RUSSIAN S\L1 ,I ?\<T1 WOND]+ :E!R A GR\P ( ,AM]ICAN WORK]S OR F>M]S C\LD BE SO IMBU$ ) AN IDEAL AS TO EXPRESS IT 9 ! SIMPLE & SIGNIFICANT WAY ! MAKHNOV/SI DID4 ,TO ! ,RUSSIAN HIS BELIEF IS 9DE$ AN 9SPIRATION4 

,\R /AY 9 ,KIEV WAS RI* 9 V>I$ EXP]I5CES & IMPRESSIONS4 ,IT WAS A /R5U\S TIME DUR+ :I* WE MET PEOPLE ( DIFF]5T SOCIAL /RATA & GA!R$ MU* VALUABLE 9=MATION & MAT]IAL4 ,WE CLOS$ \R VISIT ) A %ORT TRIP ON ! RIV] ,DNIEPR TO VIEW SOME ( ! OLD MONA/]IES & CA!DRALS1 AMONG !M ! CELEBRAT$ ,SOPHIEVSKI & ,VLADIMIR4 ,IMPOS+ $IFICES1 :I* REMA9$ 9TACT DUR+ ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y *ANGES1 EV5 !IR 9N] LIFE CONT9U+ AS BE=E4 ,9 ONE ( ! MONA/]IES WE 5JOY$ ! HOSPITALITY ( ! SI/]S :O TREAT$ US TO REAL ,RUSSIAN TEA1 BLACK BREAD1 & HONEY4 ,!Y LIV$ AS IF NO?+ HAD HAPP5$ 9 ,RUSSIA S9CE #a#i#a#d2 IT WAS AS IF !Y HAD PASS$ ! LA/ YE>S \TSIDE ( ! WORLD4 ,! MONKS /ILL CONT9U$ TO %[ TO ! CURI\S ! SACR$ CAVES ( ! ,VLADIMIR ,CA!DRAL & ! PLACES :]E ! SA9TS HAD BE5 WALL$ 91 !IR OSSIFI$ BODIES N[ ON EXHIBITION4 ,VISITORS W]E DAILY TAK5 ?R\< ! VAULTS1 ! ACCOMPANY+ PRIE/S PO9T+ \T ! CELLS ( ! CELEBRAT$ M>TYRS & RECIT+ ! BIOGRAPHIES ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT ( ! HOLY FAMILY4 ,SOME ( ! /ORIES RELAT$ W]E WOND]FUL BEYOND ALL HUMAN CR$5CE1 BREA?+ HOLY SUP]/ITION ) EV]Y PORE4 ,! ,R$ ,>MY SOLDI]S 9 \R GR\P LOOK$ RA!R DUBI\S AT ! FANTA/IC TALES ( ! PRIE/S4 ,EVID5TLY ! ,REVOLUTION HAD 9FLU5C$ !IR RELIGI\S SPIRIT & DEVELOP$ A SKEPTICAL ATTITUDE T[>D MIRACLE WORK]S4 

,! ,5,D 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibb 3 ,*APT] #ba -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#d1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #ba -- ,ADD$4 

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