,*APT] #e 
,MEET+ ,PEOPLE 

#aibcaibc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,I,I,S,G1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,*APT] ,V 

,M,E,E,T,+ ,P,E,O,P,L,E 

,A,T A CONF]5CE ( ! ,MOSC[ ,AN>*I/S 9 ,M>* ,I FIR/ LE>N$ 
( ! P>T SOME ,AN>*I/S HAD PLAY$ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 
,9 ! ,JULY UPRIS+ ( #aiag ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS W]E L$ BY 
! ,AN>*I/ ,Y>*UCK2 ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY WAS DISP]S$ 
BY ,ZHELEZNIAKOV2 ! ,AN>*I/S HAD P>TICIPAT$ ON EV]Y FRONT 
& HELP$ TO DRIVE BACK ! ,ALLI$ ATTACKS4 ,IT WAS ! CONS5SUS 
( OP9ION ?AT ! ,AN>*I/S W]E ALWAYS AMONG ! FIR/ TO 
FACE FIRE1 AS !Y W]E ALSO ! MO/ ACTIVE 9 ! RECON/RUCTIVE 
WORK4 ,ONE ( ! BIGGE/ FACTORIES NE> ,MOSC[1 :I* DID NOT 
/OP WORK DUR+ ! 5TIRE P]IOD ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 WAS MANAG$ 
BY AN ,AN>*I/4 ,AN>*I/S W]E DO+ IMPORTANT WORK 9 ! ,=EIGN 
,(FICE & 9 ALL O!R DEP>TM5TS4 ,I LE>N$ ?AT ! ,AN>*I/S 
HAD VIRTUALLY HELP$ ! ,BOL%EVIKI 9TO P[]4 ,FIVE MON?S LAT]1 
9 ,APRIL1 #a#i#a#h1 MA*9E GUNS W]E US$ TO DE/ROY ! ,MOSC[ ,AN>*I/ 
,CLUB & TO SUPPRESS !IR ,PRESS4 ,?AT WAS BE=E ,MIRBA* >RIV$ 
9 ,MOSC[4 ,! FIELD HAD TO BE 0CLE>$ ( DI/URB+ ELEM5TS10 
& ! ,AN>*I/S W]E ! FIR/ TO SUFF]4 ,S9CE !N ! P]SECUTION 
( ! ,AN>*I/S HAS NEV] CEAS$4 

,! ,MOSC[ ,AN>*I/ ,CONF]5CE WAS CRITICAL NOT ONLY T[>D ! 
EXI/+ REGIME1 BUT T[>D ITS [N COMRADES AS WELL4 ,IT 
SPOKE FRANKLY ( ! NEGATIVE SIDES ( ! MOVEM5T1 & ( ITS 
LACK ( UNITY & COOP]ATION DUR+ ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD4 
,LAT] ,I WAS TO LE>N MORE ( ! 9T]NAL DISS5SIONS 9 ! ,AN>*I/ 
MOVEM5T4 ,BE=E CLOS+1 ! ,CONF]5CE DECID$ TO CALL ON ! 
,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T TO RELEASE ! IMPRISON$ ,AN>*I/S & TO 
LEGALIZE ,AN>*I/ $UCATIONAL WORK4 ,! ,CONF]5CE ASK$ ,ALEX&] 
,B]KMAN & MYSELF TO SIGN ! RESOLUTION TO ?AT EFFECT4 ,IT WAS 
A %OCK TO ME ?AT ,AN>*I/S %\LD ASK ANY GOV]NM5T TO LEGALIZE 
!IR EF=TS1 BUT ,I /ILL BELIEV$ ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T TO BE 
AT LEA/ TO SOME EXT5T EXPRESSIVE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,I SIGN$ 
! RESOLUTION1 & AS ,I WAS TO SEE ,L59 9 A FEW DAYS ,I PROMIS$ 
TO TAKE ! MATT] UP ) HIM4 

,! 9T]VIEW ) ,L59 WAS >RANG$ BY ,BALABANOVA4 0,Y\ 
MU/ SEE ,ILIT*1 TALK TO HIM AB\T ! ?+S ?AT >E DI/URB+ 
Y\ & ! WORK Y\ W\LD LIKE TO DO10 %E HAD SAID4 ,BUT 
SOME TIME PASS$ BE=E ! OPPORTUNITY CAME4 ,AT LA/ ONE DAY 
,BALABANOVA CALL$ UP TO ASK :E!R ,I C\LD GO AT ONCE4 ,L59 
HAD S5T HIS C> & WE W]E QUICKLY DRIV5 OV] TO ! ,KREML91 
PASS$ )\T QUE/ION BY ! GU>DS1 & AT LA/ U%]$ 9TO 
! WORKROOM ( ! ALL-P[]FUL PRESID5T ( ! ,PEOPLE'S 
,COMMISS>S4 

,:5 WE 5T]$ ,L59 HELD A COPY ( ! BRO*URE ,TRIAL & 
,SPEE*ES"9  
9 HIS H&S4 ,I HAD GIV5 MY ONLY COPY TO ,BALABANOVA1 
:O HAD EVID5TLY S5T ! BOOKLET ON AHEAD ( US TO ,L594 ,ONE 
( HIS FIR/ QUE/IONS WAS1 0,:5 C\LD ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION 
BE EXPECT$ 9 ,AM]ICA80 ,I HAD BE5 ASK$ ! QUE/ION 
REPEAT$LY BE=E1 BUT ,I WAS A/\ND$ TO HE> IT FROM ,L594 
,IT SEEM$ 9CR$IBLE ?AT A MAN ( HIS 9=MATION %\LD KN[ 
SO LITTLE AB\T CONDITIONS 9 ,AM]ICA4 

,MY ,RUSSIAN AT ?IS TIME WAS HALT+1 BUT ,L59 DECL>$ ?AT ?\< 
HE HAD LIV$ 9 ,EUROPE = MANY YE>S HE HAD NOT LE>N$ TO SPEAK 
=EIGN LANGUAGES3 ! CONV]SATION W\LD !RE=E HAVE TO BE 
C>RI$ ON 9 ,RUSSIAN4 ,AT ONCE HE LAUN*$ 9TO A EULOGY ( \R 
SPEE*ES 9 C\RT4 0,:AT A SPL5DID OPPORTUNITY = PROPAG&A10 
HE SAID2 0IT IS WOR? GO+ TO PRISON1 IF ! C\RTS CAN 
SO SUCCESSFULLY BE TURN$ 9TO A =UM40 ,I FELT HIS /EADY 
COLD GAZE UPON ME1 P5ETRAT+ MY V]Y BE+1 AS IF HE W]E REFLECT+ 
UPON ! USE ,I MI<T BE PUT TO4 ,PRES5TLY HE ASK$ :AT ,I W\LD 
WANT TO DO4 ,I TOLD HIM ,I W\LD LIKE TO REPAY ,AM]ICA :AT IT HAD 
DONE = ,RUSSIA4 ,I SPOKE ( ! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,RUSSIAN 
,FRE$OM1 ORGANIZ$ ?IRTY YE>S AGO BY ,GEORGE ,K5NAN & LAT] 
REORGANIZ$ BY ,ALICE ,/ONE ,BLACKWELL & O!R LIB]AL ,AM]ICANS4 
,I BRIEFLY SKET*$ ! SPL5DID WORK !Y HAD DONE TO >\SE 9T]E/ 
9 ! /RUGGLE = ,RUSSIAN FRE$OM1 & ! GREAT MORAL & F9ANCIAL 
AID ! ,SOCIETY HAD GIV5 ?R\< ALL ?OSE YE>S4 ,TO ORGANIZE 
A ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY = ,AM]ICAN FRE$OM WAS MY PLAN4 ,L59 APPE>$ 
5?USIA/IC4 0,?AT IS A GREAT IDEA1 & Y\ %ALL HAVE ALL 
! HELP Y\ WANT4 ,BUT1 ( C\RSE1 IT WILL BE UND] ! AUSPICES 
( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,PREP>E Y\R PLAN 9 WRIT+ & S5D 
IT TO ME40 

,I BROA*$ ! SUBJECT ( ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,I %[$ HIM 
A LETT] ,I HAD RECEIV$ FROM ,M>T5S1 ! ,SOVIET REPRES5TATIVE 
9 ,AM]ICA1 %ORTLY BE=E MY DEPORTATION4 ,M>T5S ASS]T$ ?AT 
! ,AN>*I/S 9 ,RUSSIA 5JOY$ FULL FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ,PRESS4 
,S9CE MY >RIVAL ,I F\ND SCORES ( ,AN>*I/S 9 PRISON & !IR 
,PRESS SUPPRESS$4 ,I EXPLA9$ ?AT ,I C\LD NOT ?9K ( WORK+ 
) ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T SO LONG AS MY COMRADES W]E 9 PRISON 
= OP9ION'S SAKE4 ,I ALSO TOLD HIM ( ! RESOLUTIONS 
( ! ,MOSC[ ,AN>*I/ ,CONF]5CE4 ,HE LI/5$ PATI5TLY & 
PROMIS$ TO BR+ ! MATT] TO ! ATT5TION ( HIS P>TY4 0,BUT 
AS TO FREE SPEE*10 HE REM>K$1 0?AT IS1 ( C\RSE1 
A B\RGEOIS NOTION4 ,!RE CAN BE NO FREE SPEE* 9 A REVOLUTION>Y 
P]IOD4 ,WE HAVE ! PEASANTRY AGA9/ US BECAUSE WE CAN GIVE !M 
NO?+ 9 RETURN = !IR BREAD4 ,WE WILL HAVE !M ON \R SIDE 
:5 WE HAVE SOME?+ TO EX*ANGE4 ,!N Y\ CAN HAVE ALL ! 
FREE SPEE* Y\ WANT--BUT NOT N[4 ,REC5TLY WE NE$$ PEASANTS 
TO C>T SOME WOOD 9TO ! CITY4 ,!Y DEM&$ SALT4 ,WE ?\<T 
WE HAD NO SALT1 BUT !N WE DISCOV]$ SEV5TY POODS 9 ,MOSC[ 
9 ONE ( \R W>EH\SES4 ,AT ONCE ! PEASANTS W]E WILL+ TO 
C>T ! WOOD4 ,Y\R COMRADES MU/ WAIT UNTIL WE CAN MEET ! NE$S 
( ! PEASANTS4 ,MEAN:ILE1 !Y %\LD WORK ) US4 ,LOOK AT 
,WILLIAM ,%ATOV1 = 9/ANCE1 :O HAS HELP$ SAVE ,PETROGRAD FROM 
,YUD5IT*4 ,HE WORKS ) US & WE APPRECIATE HIS S]VICES4 ,%ATOV 
WAS AMONG ! FIR/ TO RECEIVE ! ORD] ( ! ,R$ ,BANN]40 

,FREE SPEE*1 FREE ,PRESS1 ! SPIRITUAL A*IEVEM5TS ( C5TURIES1 
:AT W]E !Y TO ?IS MAN8 ,A ,PURITAN1 HE WAS SURE HIS S*EME 
ALONE C\LD R$EEM ,RUSSIA4 ,?OSE :O S]V$ HIS PLANS W]E RI<T1 
! O!RS C\LD NOT BE TOL]AT$4 

,A %REWD ,ASIATIC1 ?IS ,L594 ,HE KN[S H[ TO PLAY ON ! WEAK 
SIDES ( M5 BY FLATT]Y1 REW>DS1 M$ALS4 ,I LEFT CONV9C$ ?AT 
HIS APPROA* TO PEOPLE WAS PURELY UTILIT>IAN1 = ! USE HE 
C\LD GET \T ( !M = HIS S*EME4 ,& HIS S*EME--WAS IT ! 
,REVOLUTION8 

,I PREP>$ ! PLAN = ! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,FRI5DS ( 
,AM]ICAN ,FRE$OM & ELABORAT$ ! DETAILS ( ! WORK ,I HAD 
9 M9D1 BUT REFUS$ TO PLACE MYSELF UND] ! PROTECT+ W+ 
( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,I EXPLA9$ TO ,L59 ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN 
PEOPLE HAD LITTLE FAI? 9 POLITICS1 & W\LD C]TA9LY CONSID] 
IT AN IMPOSITION TO BE DIRECT$ & GUID$ BY A POLITICAL MA*9E 
FROM ,MOSC[4 ,I C\LD NOT CONSI/5TLY ALIGN MYSELF ) ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL4 

,SOME TIME LAT] ,I SAW ,T*I*]94 ,I BELIEVE IT WAS #d ,A4,M4 :5 
\R 9T]VIEW TOOK PLACE4 ,HE ALSO ASK$ AB\T ! POSSIBILITIES 
( A REVOLUTION 9 ,AM]ICA1 & SEEM$ TO D\BT MY JUDGM5T :5 
,I 9=M$ HIM ?AT !RE WAS NO HOPE ( IT 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 
,WE SPOKE ( ! ,I4,W4,W41 :I* HAD EVID5TLY BE5 MISREPRES5T$ 
TO HIM4 ,I ASSUR$ ,T*I*]9 ?AT :ILE ,I AM NOT AN ,I4,W4,W4 ,I MU/ 
/ATE ?AT !Y REPRES5T$ ! ONLY CONSCI\S & EFFECTIVE REVOLUTION>Y 
PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & W]E SURE TO 
PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 ! FUTURE LABOR HI/ORY ( ! C\NTRY4 

,NEXT TO ,BALABANOVA1 ,T*I*]9 IMPRESS$ ME AS ! MO/ SIMPLE 
& UNASSUM+ ( ! LEAD+ ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,MOSC[4 ,BUT ALL W]E 
EQUALLY NAIVE 9 !IR E/IMATE ( ! WORLD \TSIDE ( ,RUSSIA4 
,WAS !IR JUDGM5T SO FAULTY BECAUSE !Y HAD BE5 CUT (F FROM 
,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA SO LONG8 ,OR WAS !IR GREAT NE$ ( ,EUROPEAN 
HELP FA!R TO !IR WI%8 ,AT ANY RATE1 !Y ALL CLUNG TO ! 
IDEA ( APPROA*+ REVOLUTIONS 9 ! WE/]N C\NTRIES1 =GETFUL 
?AT REVOLUTIONS >E NOT MADE TO ORD]1 & APP>5TLY UNCONSCI\S 
?AT !IR [N REVOLUTION HAD BE5 TWI/$ \T ( %APE & SEMBLANCE 
& WAS GRADUALLY BE+ DONE TO DEA?4 

,! $ITOR ( ! ,LONDON ,DAILY ,H]ALD1 ACCOMPANI$ BY ONE 
( HIS REPORT]S1 HAD PREC$$ ME TO ,MOSC[4 ,!Y WANT$ TO VISIT 
,KROPOTK91 & !Y HAD BE5 GIV5 A SPECIAL C>4 ,TOGE!R ) 
,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & ,A4 ,%APIRO1 ,I WAS ABLE TO JO9 ,MR4 ,LANSBURY4 

,! ,KROPOTK9 COTTAGE /OOD BACK 9 ! G>D5 AWAY FROM ! /REET4 
,ONLY A FA9T RAY FROM A K]OS5E LAMP LIT UP ! PA? TO ! H\SE4 
,KROPOTK9 RECEIV$ US ) HIS *>ACT]I/IC GRACI\SNESS1 EVID5TLY 
GLAD AT \R VISIT4 ,BUT ,I WAS %OCK$ AT HIS ALT]$ APPE>ANCE4 
,! LA/ TIME ,I HAD SE5 HIM WAS 9 #a#i#g1 9 ,P>IS1 :I* ,I VISIT$ 
AFT] ! ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS 9 ,AM/]DAM4 ,KROPOTK91 B>R$ FROM 
,FRANCE = MANY YE>S1 HAD JU/ BE5 GIV5 ! RI<T TO RETURN4 
,HE WAS !N SIXTY-FIVE YE>S ( AGE1 BUT /ILL SO FULL ( LIFE 
& 5]GY ?AT HE SEEM$ MU* Y\NG]4 ,N[ HE LOOK$ OLD & 
WORN4 

,I WAS EAG] TO GET SOME LI<T FROM ,KROPOTK9 ON ! PROBLEMS ?AT 
W]E TR\BL+ ME1 P>TICUL>LY ON ! RELATION ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI 
TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,:AT WAS HIS OP9ION8 ,:Y HAD HE BE5 SIL5T 
SO LONG8 

,I TOOK NO NOTES & !RE=E ,I CAN GIVE ONLY ! GI/ ( :AT 
,KROPOTK9 SAID4 ,HE /AT$ ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION HAD C>RI$ ! 
PEOPLE TO GREAT SPIRITUAL HEI<TS & HAD PAV$ ! WAY = PR(\ND 
SOCIAL *ANGES4 ,IF ! PEOPLE HAD BE5 P]MITT$ TO APPLY !IR 
RELEAS$ 5]GIES1 ,RUSSIA W\LD NOT BE 9 H] PRES5T CONDITION 
( RU94 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI1 :O HAD BE5 C>RI$ TO ! TOP BY ! 
REVOLUTION>Y WAVE1 FIR/ CAU<T ! POPUL> E> BY EXTREME REVOLUTION>Y 
SLOGANS1 !REBY GA9+ ! CONFID5CE ( ! MASSES & ! 
SUPPORT ( MILITANT REVOLUTIONI/S4 

,HE CONT9U$ TO N>RATE ?AT E>LY 9 ! ,OCTOB] P]IOD ! ,BOL%EVIKI 
BEGAN TO SUBORD9ATE ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,REVOLUTION TO ! E/ABLI%M5T 
( !IR DICTATOR%IP1 :I* CO]C$ & P>ALYZ$ EV]Y SOCIAL 
ACTIVITY4 ,HE /AT$ ?AT ! COOP]ATIVES W]E ! MA9 M$IUM 
?AT C\LD HAVE BRIDG$ ! 9T]E/S ( ! PEASANTS & ! 
WORK]S4 ,! COOP]ATIVES W]E AMONG ! FIR/ TO BE CRU%$4 
,HE SPOKE ) MU* FEEL+ ( ! OPPRESSION1 ! P]SECUTION1 
! H\ND+ ( EV]Y %ADE ( OP9ION1 & CIT$ NUM]\S 9/ANCES 
( ! MIS]Y & DI/RESS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,HE EMPHASIZ$ ?AT ! 
,BOL%EVIKI HAD DISCR$IT$ ,SOCIALISM & ,COMMUNISM 9 ! EYES 
( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 

0,:Y HAV5'T Y\ RAIS$ Y\R VOICE AGA9/ !SE EVILS1 AGA9/ 
?IS MA*9E ?AT IS SAPP+ ! LIFE BLOOD ( ! ,REVOLUTION80 
,I ASK$4 ,HE GAVE TWO REASONS4 ,AS LONG AS ,RUSSIA WAS BE+ ATTACK$ 
BY ! COMB9$ ,IMP]IALI/S1 & ,RUSSIAN WOM5 & *ILDR5 W]E 
DY+ FROM ! EFFECTS ( ! BLOCKADE1 HE C\LD NOT JO9 ! 
%RIEK+ *ORUS ( ! EX-REVOLUTIONI/S 9 ! CRY ( 0,CRUCIFY60 
,HE PREF]R$ SIL5CE4 ,SECONDLY1 !RE WAS NO M$IUM ( EXPRESSION 
9 ,RUSSIA ITSELF4 ,TO PROTE/ TO ! ,GOV]NM5T WAS USELESS4 ,ITS 
CONC]N WAS TO MA9TA9 ITSELF 9 P[]4 ,IT C\LD NOT /OP AT 
SU* 0TRIFLES0 AS HUMAN RI<TS OR HUMAN LIVES4 ,!N 
HE ADD$3 0,WE HAVE ALWAYS PO9T$ \T ! EFFECTS ( ,M>XISM 
9 ACTION4 ,:Y BE SURPRIS$ N[80 

,I ASK$ ,KROPOTK9 :E!R HE WAS NOT+ D[N HIS IMPRESSIONS & 
OBS]VATIONS4 ,SURELY HE MU/ SEE ! IMPORTANCE ( SU* A RECORD 
TO HIS COMRADES & TO ! WORK]S2 9 FACT1 TO ! :OLE WORLD4 
0,NO10 HE SAID2 0IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO WRITE :5 
ONE IS 9 ! MID/ ( GREAT HUMAN SUFF]+1 :5 EV]Y H\R 
BR+S NEW TRAG$IES4 ,!N !RE MAY BE A RAID AT ANY MOM5T4 
,! ,T*EKA COMES SWOOP+ 9SIDE \T1 & M>*ES (F ) EV]Y 
SCRAP ( PAP]4 ,UND] SU* CON/ANT /RESS IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO 
KEEP RECORDS4 ,BUT BESIDES !SE CONSID]ATIONS !RE IS MY BOOK 
ON ,E?ICS4 ,I CAN ONLY WORK A FEW H\RS A DAY1 & ,I MU/ CONC5TRATE 
ON ?AT TO ! EXCLUSION ( EV]Y?+ ELSE40 

,AFT] A T5D] EMBRACE :I* ,PET] NEV] FAIL$ TO GIVE ?OSE 
HE LOV$1 WE RETURN$ TO \R C>4 ,MY HE>T WAS HEAVY1 MY SPIRIT 
CONFUS$ & TR\BL$ BY :AT ,I HAD HE>D4 ,I WAS ALSO DI/RESS$ 
BY ! POOR /ATE ( HEAL? ( \R COMRADE3 ,I FE>$ HE C\LD 
NOT SURVIVE TILL SPR+4 ,! ?\<T ?AT ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 MI<T 
GO TO HIS GRAVE & ?AT ! WORLD MI<T NEV] KN[ :AT HE ?\<T 
( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS APPALL+4 

,5,D,N,O,T,E3 

"9  
,TRIAL & ,SPEE*ES ( ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 
BE=E ! ,F$]AL ,C\RT ( ,NEW ,YORK1 ,JUNE-,JULY1 #a#i#a#g1 ,MO!R 
,E>? ,PUBLI%+ ,CO41 ,NEW ,YORK4 

,FROM 3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,B]KELEY4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibb 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

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