,*APT] #i 
,9DU/RIAL ,MILIT>IZATION 

#aibcaibc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY KIT*5]4LORD1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,*,A,P,T,] ,I,X 

,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L ,M,I,L,I,T,>,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N 

,! ,N9? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 HELD 9 ,M>*1 #a#i#b1 WAS *>ACT]IZ$ BY A NUMB] ( MEASURES :I* MEANT A COMPLETE TURN TO ! RI<T4 ,=EMO/ AMONG !M WAS ! MILIT>IZATION ( LABOR & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T ( 9DU/RY1 AS AGA9/ ! COLLEGIATE %OP SY/EM4 ,OBLIGATORY LABOR HAD LONG BE5 A LAW UPON ! /ATUTES ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC1 BUT IT WAS C>RI$ \T1 AS ,TROTSKY SAID1 0ONLY 9 A SMALL PRIVATE WAY40 ,N[ ! LAW WAS TO BE MADE EFFECTIVE 9 E>NE/4 ,RUSSIA WAS TO HAVE A MILIT>IZ$ 9DU/RIAL >MY TO FI<T ECONOMIC DISORGANIZATION1 EV5 AS ! ,R$ ,>MY HAD CONQU]$ ON ! V>I\S FRONTS4 ,SU* AN >MY C\LD BE :IPP$ 9TO L9E ONLY BY RIGID DISCIPL9E1 IT WAS CLAIM$4 ,! FACTORY COLLEGIATE SY/EM HAD TO MAKE PLACE = MILIT>Y 9DU/RIAL MANAGEM5T4 

,! MEASURE WAS BITT]LY F\<T AT ! ,CONGRESS BY ! ,COMMUNI/ M9ORITY1 BUT P>TY DISCIPL9E PREVAIL$4 ,H[EV]1 ! EXCITEM5T DID NOT ABATE3 DISCUSSION ( ! SUBJECT CONT9U$ LONG AFT] ! CONGRESS ADJ\RN$4 ,MANY ( ! Y\NG] ,COMMUNI/S AGRE$ ?AT ! MEASURE 9DICAT$ A /EP TO ! RI<T1 BUT !Y DEF5D$ ! DECISION ( !IR P>TY4 0,! COLLEGIATE SY/EM HAS PROV5 A FAILURE10 !Y SAID4 0,! WORK]S WILL NOT WORK VOLUNT>ILY1 & \R 9DU/RY MU/ BE REVIV$ IF WE >E TO SURVIVE ANO!R YE>40 

,JACK ,RE$ ALSO HELD ?IS VIEW4 ,HE HAD JU/ RETURN$ AFT] A FUTILE ATTEMPT TO REA* ,AM]ICA ?R\< ,LATVIA1 & = DAYS WE >GU$ AB\T ! NEW POLICY4 ,JACK 9SI/$ IT WAS UNAVOIDABLE SO LONG AS ,RUSSIA WAS BE+ ATTACK$ & BLOCKAD$4 0,WE HAVE BE5 COMPELL$ TO MOBILIZE AN >MY TO FI<T \R EXT]NAL 5EMIES :Y NOT AN >MY TO FI<T \R WOR/ 9T]NAL 5EMY1 HUNG]8 ,WE CAN DO IT ONLY BY PUTT+ \R 9DU/RY ON ITS FEET40 ,I PO9T$ \T ! DANG] ( ! MILIT>Y ME?OD & QUE/ION$ :E!R ! WORK]S C\LD BE EXPECT$ TO BECOME EFFICI5T OR TO WORK 9T5SIVELY UND] COMPULSION4 ,/ILL1 ,JACK ?\<T MOBILIZATION ( LABOR UNAVOIDABLE4 0,IT MU/ BE TRI$1 ANYH[10 HE SAID4 

,PETROGRAD AT ! TIME WAS FILL$ ) RUMORS ( /RIKES4 ,! /ORY MADE ! R\NDS ?AT ,Z9OVIEV & HIS /AFF1 :ILE VISIT+ ! FACTORIES TO EXPLA9 ! NEW POLICIES1 W]E DRIV5 BY ! WORK]S FROM ! PREMISES4 ,TO LE>N AB\T ! SITUATION AT FIR/ H& ,I DECID$ TO VISIT ! FACTORIES4 ,ALREADY DUR+ MY FIR/ MON?S 9 ,RUSSIA ,I HAD ASK$ ,ZOR9 = P]MISSION TO SEE !M4 ,LISA ,ZOR9 HAD REQUE/$ ME TO ADDRESS SOME LABOR MEET+S1 BUT ,I DECL9$ BECAUSE ,I FELT ?AT IT W\LD BE PRESUMPTU\S ON MY P>T TO UND]TAKE TO TEA* ?OSE :O HAD MADE ! REVOLUTION4 ,BESIDES1 ,I WAS NOT QUITE AT HOME ) ! ,RUSSIAN LANGUAGE !N4 ,BUT :5 ,I ASK$ ,ZOR9 TO LET ME VISIT SOME FACTORIES1 HE WAS EVASIVE4 ,AFT] ,I HAD BECOME ACQUA9T$ ) ,RAVIT* ,I APPROA*$ H] ON ! SUBJECT1 & %E WILL+LY CONS5T$4 

,! FIR/ WORKS TO BE VISIT$ W]E ! ,PUTILOV1 ! L>GE/ & MO/ IMPORTANT 5G9E & C> MANUFACTUR+ E/ABLI%M5T4 ,=TY ?\S& WORK]S HAD BE5 EMPLOY$ !RE BE=E ! W>4 ,N[ ,I WAS 9=M$ ?AT ONLY #g1 W]E AT WORK4 ,I HAD HE>D MU* ( ! ,PUTILOVTSI3 !Y HAD PLAY$ A H]OIC P>T 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y DAYS & 9 ! DEF5SE ( ,PETROGRAD AGA9/ ,YUD5IT*4 

,AT ! ,PUTILOV (FICE WE W]E CORDIALLY RECEIV$1 %[N AB\T ! V>I\S DEP>TM5TS1 & !N TURN$ OV] TO A GUIDE4 ,!RE W]E F\R ( US 9 ! P>TY1 ( :OM ONLY TWO C\LD SPEAK ,RUSSIAN4 ,I LAGG$ BEH9D TO QUE/ION A GR\P WORK+ AT A B5*4 ,AT FIR/ ,I WAS MET ) ! USUAL SUSPICION1 :I* ,I OV]CAME BY TELL+ ! M5 ?AT ,I WAS BR++ ! GREET+S ( !IR BRO!RS 9 ,AM]ICA4 0,& ! REVOLUTION !RE80 ,I WAS IMM$IATELY ASK$4 ,IT SEEM$ TO HAVE BECOME A NATIONAL OBSESSION1 ?IS IDEA ( A NE> REVOLUTION 9 ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA4 ,EV]YBODY 9 ,RUSSIA CLUNG TO ?AT HOPE4 ,IT WAS H>D TO ROB ?OSE MIS9=M$ PEOPLE ( !IR NAIVE FAI?4 0,! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION IS NOT YET10 ,I TOLD !M1 0BUT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS F\ND AN E*O AMONG ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,AM]ICA40 ,I 9QUIR$ AB\T !IR WORK1 !IR LIVES1 & !IR ATTITUDE T[>D ! NEW DECREES4 0,AS IF WE HAD NOT BE5 DRIV5 5\< BE=E10 COMPLA9$ ONE ( ! M54 0,N[ WE >E TO WORK UND] ! MILIT>Y NAGAIKA .<:IP.>4 ,( C\RSE1 WE WILL HAVE TO BE 9 ! %OP OR !Y WILL PUNI% US AS 9DU/RIAL DES]T]S4 ,BUT H[ CAN !Y GET MORE WORK \T ( US8 ,WE >E SUFF]+ HUNG] & COLD4 ,WE HAVE NO /R5G? TO 'GIVE MORE4,I SUGGE/$ ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T WAS PROBABLY COMPELL$ TO 9TRODUCE SU* ME?ODS1 & ?AT IF ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY W]E NOT REVIV$ ! CONDITION ( ! WORK]S W\LD GR[ EV5 WORSE4 ,BESIDES1 ! ,PUTILOV M5 W]E RECEIV+ ! PREF]R$ PAYOK4 0,WE UND]/& ! GREAT MIS=TUNE ?AT HAS BEFALL5 ,RUSSIA10 ONE ( ! WORK]S REPLI$1 0BUT WE CANNOT SQUEEZE MORE \T ( \RSELVES4 ,EV5 ! TWO P\NDS ( BREAD WE >E GETT+ IS NOT 5\<4 ,LOOK AT ! BREAD10 HE SAID1 HOLD+ UP A BLACK CRU/2 0CAN WE LIVE ON ?AT8 ,& \R *ILDR58 ,IF NOT = \R PEOPLE 9 ! C\NTRY OR SOME TRAD+ ON ! M>KET WE W\LD DIE ALTOGE!R4 ,N[ COMES ! NEW MEASURE :I* IS TE>+ US AWAY FROM \R PEOPLE1 S5D+ US TO ! O!R 5D ( ,RUSSIA :ILE \R BRO!RS FROM !RE >E GO+ TO BE DRAGG$ H]E1 AWAY FROM !IR SOIL4 ,IT'S A CRAZY MEASURE & IT WON'T WORK40 

0,BUT :AT CAN ! ,GOV]NM5T DO 9 ! FACE ( ! FOOD %ORTAGE80 ,I ASK$4 0,FOOD %ORTAGE60 ! MAN EXCLAIM$2 0LOOK AT ! M>KETS4 ,DID Y\ SEE ANY %ORTAGE ( FOOD !RE8 ,SPECULATION & ! NEW B\RGEOISIE1 ?AT'S :AT'S ! MATT]4 ,! ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T IS \R NEW SLAVE DRIV]4 ,FIR/ ! B\RGEOISIE SABOTAG$ US1 & N[ !Y >E AGA9 9 CONTROL4 ,BUT JU/ LET !M TRY TO BOSS US6 ,!Y'LL F9D \T4 JU/ LET !M TRY60 

,! M5 W]E BITT] & RES5TFUL4 ,PRES5TLY ! GUIDE RETURN$ TO SEE :AT HAD BECOME ( ME4 ,HE TOOK GREAT PA9S TO EXPLA9 ?AT 9DU/RIAL CONDITIONS 9 ! MILL HAD IMPROV$ CONSID]ABLY S9CE ! MILIT>IZATION ( LABOR W5T 9TO EFFECT4 ,! M5 W]E MORE CONT5T & MANY MORE C>S HAD BE5 R5OVAT$ & 5G9ES REPAIR$ ?AN )9 AN EQUAL P]IOD UND] ! PREVI\S MANAGEM5T4 ,!RE W]E #g1 PRODUCTIVELY EMPLOY$ 9 ! WORKS1 HE ASSUR$ ME4 ,I LE>N$1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! REAL FIGURE WAS LESS ?AN #e1 & ?AT ( !SE ONLY AB\T #b1 W]E ACTUAL WORK]S4 ,! O!RS W]E ,GOV]NM5T (FICIALS & CL]KS4 

,AFT] ! ,PUTILOV WORKS WE VISIT$ ! ,TREUGOLNIK1 ! GREAT RUBB] FACTORY ( ,RUSSIA4 ,! PLACE WAS CLEAN & ! MA*9]Y 9 GOOD ORD]-A WELL-EQUIPP$ MOD]N PLANT4 ,:5 WE REA*$ ! MA9 WORKROOM WE W]E MET BY ! SUP]9T5D5T1 :O HAD BE5 9 *>GE = TW5TYFIVE YE>S4 ,HE W\LD %[ US >\ND HIMSELF1 HE SAID4 ,HE SEEM$ TO TAKE GREAT PRIDE 9 ! FACTORY1 AS IF IT W]E HIS [N4 ,IT RA!R SURPRIS$ ME ?AT !Y HAD MANAG$ TO KEEP EV]Y?+ 9 SU* F9E %APE4 ,! GUIDE EXPLA9$ ?AT IT WAS BECAUSE NE>LY ! :OLE ( ! OLD /AFF BAD BE5 LEFT 9 *>GE1 ,!Y FELT ?AT :ATEV] MI<T HAPP5 !Y MU/ NOT LET ! PLACE GO TO RU91 ,IT WAS C]TA9LY V]Y COMM5DABLE1 ,I ?\<T1 BUT SOON ,I HAD OCCASION TO *ANGE MY M9D4 ,AT ONE ( ! TABLES1 CUTT+ RUBB]1 WAS AN OLD WORK] ) K9DLY EYES LOOK+ \T ( A SAD1 SPIRITUAL FACE4 ,HE REM9D$ ME ( ! PILGRIM ,LUCCA 9 ,GORKI'S 0,NI<T ,LODG+S40 ,\R GUIDE KEPT A %>P VIGIL1 BUT ,I MANAG$ TO SLIP AWAY :ILE ! SUP]9T5D5T WAS EXPLA9+ SOME MA*9]Y TO ! O!R MEMB]S ( \R GR\P4 

0,WELL1 BALYU%KA1 H[ IS IT ) Y\80 ,I GREET$ ! OLD WORK]4 0,BAD1 MATU%KA10 HE REPLI$2 0TIMES >E V]Y H>D = US OLD PEOPLE40 ,I TOLD HIM H[ IMPRESS$ ,I WAS TO F9D EV]Y?+ 9 SU* GOOD CONDITION 9 ! %OP4 0,?AT IS SO10 COMM5T$ ! OLD WORK]1 0BUT IT IS BE CAUSE ! SUP]9T5D5T & HIS /AFF >E HOP+ FROM DAY TO DAY ?AT !RE MAY BE A *ANGE AGA91 & ?AT ! ,TREUGOLNIK WILL GO BACK TO ITS =M] [N]S4 ,I KN[ !M4 ,I HAVE WORK$ H]E LONG BE=E ! ,G]MAN MA/] ( ?IS PLANT PUT 9 ! NEW MA*9]Y40 

,PASS+ ?R\< ! V>I\S ROOMS ( ! FACTORY ,I SAW ! WOM5 & GIRLS LOOK UP 9 EVID5T DREAD4 ,IT SEEM$ /RANGE 9 A C\NTRY :]E ! PROLET>IANS W]E ! MA/]S4 ,APP>5TLY ! MA*9ES W]E NOT ! ONLY ?+S ?AT HAD BE5 C>EFULLY WAT*$ OV]--! OLD DISCIPL9E1 TOO1 HAD BE5 PRES]V$3 ! EMPLOYES ?\<T US ,BOL%EVIK 9SPECTORS4 

,! GREAT FL\R MILL OIL ,PETROGRAD1 VISIT$ NEXT1 LOOK$ AS IF IT W]E 9 A /ATE ( SIEGE1 ) >M$ SOLDI]S EV]Y:]E EV5 9SIDE ! WORKROOMS4 ,! EXPLANATION GIV5 WAS ?AT L>GE QUANTITIES ( PRECI\S FL\R HAD BE5 VANI%+4 ,! SOLDI]S WAT*$ ! MILLM5 AS IF !Y W]E GALLEY SLAVES1 & ! WORK]S NATURALLY RES5T$ SU* HUMILIAT+ TREATM5T4 ,!Y H>DLY D>$ TO SPEAK4 ,ONE Y\NG *AP A F9E-LOOK+ FELL[1 COMPLA9$ TO ME ( ! CONDITIONS4 0,WE >E H]E VIRTUAL PRISON]S10 LIE SAID2 0WE CANNOT MAKE A /EP )\T P]MISSION4 ,WE >E KEPT H>D AT WORK EI<T H\RS ) ONLY T5 M9UTES = \R KIPYATOK .<BOIL$ WAT].> & WE >E SE>*$ ON LEAV+ ! MILL40 0,IS NOT ! !FT ( FL\R ! CAUSE ( ! /RICT SURVEILLANCE80 ,I ASK$4 0,NOT AT ALL10 REPLI$ ! BOY2 0! ,COMMISS>S ( ! MILL & ! SOLDI]S KN[ QUITE WELL :]E ! FL\R GOES TO40 ,I SUGGE/$ ?AT ! WORK]S MI<T PROTE/ AGA9/ SU* A /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 0,PROTE/1 TO :OM80 ! BOY EXCLAIM$2 0WE'D BE CALL$ SPECULATORS & C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S & WE'D BE >RE/$40 0,HAS ! ,REVOLUTION GIV5 Y\ NO?+80 ,I ASK$4 0,AH1 ! ,REVOLUTION6 ,BUT ?AT IS NO MORE4 ,F9I%$10 HE SAID BITT]LY4 

,! FOLL[+ MORN+ WE VISIT$ ! ,LAF]M TOBACCO FACTORY4 ,! PLACE WAS 9 FULL OP]ATION4 ,WE W]E CONDUCT$ ?R\< ! PLANT & ! :OLE PROCESS WAS EXPLA9$ TO US1 BEG9N+ ) ! SORT+ ( ! RAW MAT]IAL & 5D+ ) ! F9I%$ CIG>ETTES PACK$ = SALE OR %IPM5T4 ,! AIR 9 ! WORKROOMS WAS /IFF+1 NAUSEAT+4 0,! WOM5 >E US$ TO ?IS ATMOSPH]E10 SAID ! GUIDE2 0!Y DON'T M9D40 ,!RE W]E SOME PREGNANT WOM5 AT WORK & GIRLS NO OLD] ?AN F\RTE54 ,!Y LOOK$ HAGG>D1 !IR *E/S SUNK51 BLACK R+S UND] !IR EYES4 ,SOME ( !M C\<$ & ! HECTIC FLU% ( CONSUMPTION %[$ ON !IR FACES4 0,IS !RE A RECREATION ROOM1 A PLACE :]E !Y CAN EAT OR DR9K !IR TEA & 9HALE A BIT ( FRE% AIR80 ,!RE WAS NO SU* ?+1 ,I WAS 9=M$4 ,! WOM5 REMA9$ AT WORK EI<T CONSECUTIVE H\RS2 !Y HAD !IR TEA & BLACK BREAD AT !IR B5*ES4 ,! SY/EM WAS ?AT ( PIECE WORK1 ! EMPLOYES RECEIV+ TW5TY-FIVE CIG>ETTES DAILY ABOVE !IR PAY ) P]MISSION TO SELL OR EX*ANGE !M4 

,I SPOKE TO SOME ( ! WOM54 ,!Y DID NOT COMPLA9 EXCEPT AB\T BE+ COMPELL$ TO LIVE F> AWAY FROM ! FACTORY4 ,9 MO/ CASES IT REQUIR$ MORE ?AN TWO H\RS TO GO TO & FROM WORK4 ,!Y HAD ASK$ TO BE QU>T]$ NE> ! ,LAF]M & !Y RECEIV$ A PROMISE TO ?AT EFFECT1 BUT NO?+ MORE WAS HE>D ( IT4 

,LIFE C]TA9LY HAS A WAY ( PLAY+ PECULI> PRANKS4 ,9 ,AM]ICA ,I %\LD HAVE SCORN$ ! USE ( SOCIAL WELF>E WORK3 ,I %\LD HAVE CONSLID]$ IT A *EAP PALLIATIVE4 ,BUT 9 ,SOCIAL' ,RUSSIA ! SI<T ( PREGNANT WOM5 WORK+ 9 SUFFOCAT+ TOBACCO AIR & SATURAT+ !MSELVES & !IR UNBORN ) ! POISON IMPRESS$ ME AS A FUNDAM5TAL EVIL4 ,I SPOKE TO ,LISA ,ZOR9 TO SEE :E!R SOME?+ C\LD NOT BE DONE TO AMELIORATE ! EVIL4 ,LISA CLAIM$ ?AT PIECE WORK0 WAS ! ONLY WAY TO 9DUCE ! GIRLS TO WORK4 ,AS TO RE/ ROOMS1 ! WOM5 !MSELVES HAD ALREADY MADE A FI<T = !M1 BUT SO F> NO?+ C\LD BE DONE BECAUSE NO SPACE C\LD BE SP>$ 9 ! FACTORY4 0,BUT IF EV5 SU* SMALL IMPROVEM5TS HAD NOT RESULT$ FROM ! ,REVOLUTION10 ,I >GU$1 0:AT PURPOSE HAS IT S]V$80 0,! WORK]S HAVE A*IEV$ CONTROL10 ,LISA REPLI$2 0!Y >E N[ 9 P[]1 P[]1 & !Y HAVE MORE IMPORTANT ?+S TO ATT5D TO ?AN RE/ ROOMS--!Y HAVE ! ,REVOLUTION TO DEF5D40 ,LISA ,ZOR9 HAD REMA9$ V]Y MU* ! PROLET>IAN1 BUT %E REASON$ LIKE A NUN D$ICAT$ TO ! S]VICE ( ! ,*UR*4 

,! ?\<T OPPRESS$ ME ?AT :AT %E CALL$ ! 0DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION0 WAS REALLY ONLY ! DEF5SE ( H] P>TY 9 P[]4 ,AT ANY RATE1 NO?+ CAME ( MY ATTEMPT AT SOCIAL WELF>E WORK4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

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