,*APT] #i 
,$UCATION & ,CULTURE 

#aibdaibd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,M,Y ,F,U,R,!,R ,D,I,S,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,M,5,T ,9 ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

  
,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,X 

,$,U,C,A,T,I,O,N ,& ,C,U,L,T,U,R,E 

,! PR\DE/ CLAIMS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI >E $UCATION1 >T1 & CULTURE4 ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A LIT]ATURE & ,BOL%EVIK AG5TS AT HOME & ABROAD CON/ANTLY S+ ! PRAISES ( !SE GREAT A*IEVEM5TS4 

,TO ! CASUAL OBS]V] IT MAY 9DE$ APPE> ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAVE ACCOMPLI%$ WOND]S 9 ?IS FIELD4 ,!Y HAVE ORGANIZ$ MORE S*OOLS ?AN EXI/$ UND] ! ,CZ>1 & !Y HAVE MADE !M ACCESSIBLE TO ! MASSES4 ,?IS IS TRUE ( ! L>G] CITIES4 ,BUT 9 ! PROV9CES ! EXI/+ S*OOLS MET ! OPPOSITION ( ! LOCAL ,BOL%EVIKI1 :O CLOS$ MO/ ( !M ON ! ALLEG$ GR\ND ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES1 OR BECAUSE ( LACK ( ,COMMUNI/ TEA*]S4 ,:ILE1 !N1 9 ! L>GE C5T]S ! P]C5TAGE ( *ILDR5 ATT5D+ S*OOLS & ! NUMB] ( HI<] $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS IS GREAT] ?AN 9 ! PA/1 ! SAME DOES NOT APPLY TO ! RE/ ( ,RUSSIA4 ,/ILL1 SO F> AS QUANTITY IS CONC]N$1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI DES]VE CR$IT = !IR $UCATIONAL WORK & ! G5]AL DIFFUSION ( $UCATION4 

,9 ! CASE ( ! !AT]S NO RES]VATIONS HAVE BE5 MADE4 ,ALL W]E P]MITT$ TO CONT9UE !IR P]=MANCES :5 FACTORIES W]E %UT D[N = WANT ( FUEL4 ,! OP]A1 BALLET1 & ,LUNA*>SKY'S PLAYS W]E ELABORATELY /AG$1 & ! ,PROLETCULT--ORGANIZ$ TO ADVANCE PROLET>IAN CULTURE-WAS G5]\SLY SUBSIDIZ$ EV5 :5 ! FAM9E WAS AT ITS HEI<T4 ,IT IS ALSO TRUE ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T PR9T+ PRESSES W]E KEPT BUSY DAY & NI<T MANUFACTUR+ PROPAG&A LIT]ATURE & ISSU+ ! OLD CLASSICS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! IMAGI/S & FUTURI/S GA!R$ UNMOLE/$ 9 ,CAFE ,DOM9O & O!R PLACES4 ,! PALACES & MUSEUMS W]E KEPT UP 9 ADMIRABLE CONDITION4 ,9 ANY O!R />V$1 BLOCKAD$1 & ATTACK$ C\NTRY ALL ?IS W\LD HAVE BE5 A V]Y COMM5DABLE %[+4 

,9 ,RUSSIA1 H[EV]1 TWO REVOLUTIONS HAD TAK5 PLACE4 ,TO BE SURE1 ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT F>-REA*+4 ,/ILL1 IT BR\<T AB\T POLITICAL *ANGES )\T :I* !RE MI<T NOT HAVE BE5 AN ,OCTOB]4 ,IT ALSO RELEAS$ GREAT CULTURAL =CES FROM ! PRISONS & ,SIB]IAA VALUABLE ELEM5T )\T :I* ! $UCATIONAL WORK ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 UND]TAK54 

,IT WAS ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION :I* /RUCK DEEPE/ 9TO ! VITALS ( ,RUSSIA4 ,IT UPROOT$ ! OLD VALUES & CLE>$ ! GR\ND = NEW CONCEPTIONS & =MS ( LIFE4 ,9ASMU* AS ! ,BOL%EVIKI BECAME ! SOLE M$IUM ( >TICULAT+ & 9T]PRET+ ! PROMISE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! E>NE/ /UD5T WILL NOT BE CONT5T M]ELY ) ! 9CREASE ( S*OOLS1 ! CONT9UATION ( ! BALLET1 OR ! GOOD CONDITION ( ! MUSEUMS4 ,HE WILL WANT TO KN[ :E!R $UCATION1 CULTURE1 & >T 9 ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA SYMBOLIZE ! SPIRIT ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 :E!R !Y S]VE TO QUICK5 ! IMAG9ATION & BROAD5 ! HORIZON2 ABOVE ALL1 :E!R !Y HAVE RELEAS$ & HELP$ TO APPLY ! LAT5T QUALITIES ( ! MASSES4 

,CRITICAL 9QUIRY 9 ,RUSSIA IS A DANG]\S ?+4 ,NO WOND] SO MANY NEWCOM]S AVOID$ LOOK+ B5EA? ! SURFACE4 ,TO !M IT WAS 5\< ?AT ! ,MONTESSORI SY/EM1 ! $UCATIONAL IDEAS ( ,PR(ESSOR ,DEWEY1 & DANC+ BY ! ,DALCROZE ME?OD HAVE BE5 0ADOPT$0 BY ,RUSSIA4 ,I DO NOT CONT5D AGA9/ !SE 9NOVATIONS4 ,BUT ,I 9SI/ ?AT !Y HAVE NO BE>+ :ATEV] ON ! ,REVOLUTION2 !Y DO NOT PROVE ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK $UCATIONAL EXP]IM5T IS SUP]IOR TO SIMIL> EF=TS 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 :]E !Y HAVE BE5 A*IEV$ )\T A REVOLUTION & ! T]RIBLE PRICE IT 9VOLVES4 

,/ATE MONOPOLY ( ?\<T IS EV]Y:]E 9T]PRET+ $UCATION TO SUIT ITS [N PURPOSE4 ,SIMIL>LY ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 TO :OM ! ,/ATE IS SUPREME1 USE $UCATION TO FUR!R !IR [N 5DS4 ,BUT :ILE ! MONOPOLY ( ?\<T 9 O!R C\NTRIES HAS NOT SUCCE$$ 9 5TIRELY *ECK+ ! SPIRIT ( FREE 9QUIRY & CRITICAL ANALYSIS1 ! 0PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP0 HAS COMPLETELY P>ALYZ$ EV]Y ATTEMPT AT 9DEP5D5T 9VE/IGATION4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ CRIT]ION IS DOM9ANT4 ,! LEA/ DIV]G5CE FROM (FICIAL DOGMA & OP9ION ON ! P>T ( TEA*]S1 $UCATORS1 OR PUPILS EXPOSES !M TO ! G5]AL *>GE ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 RESULT+ 9 DIS*>GE & EXPULSION1 IF NO?+ MORE DRA/IC4 

,9 A PREVI\S *APT] ,I HAVE M5TION$ ! CASE ( ! ,MOSC[ ,UNIV]SITY /UD5TS EXPELL$ & EXIL$ = PROTE/+ AGA9/ ,T*EKA VIOL5CE T[>D ! POLITICAL PRISON]S 9 ! ,BUTYRKI4 ,BUT IT WAS NOT ONLY SU* 0POLITICAL0 (F5SES ?AT W]E PUNI%$4 ,(F5SES ( A PURELY ACADEMIC NATURE W]E TREAT$ 9 ! SAME MANN]4 ,?US ! OBJECTION ( SOME PR(ESSORS TO ,COMMUNI/ 9T]F]5CE 9 ! ME?ODS ( 9/RUCTION WAS /]NLY SUPPRESS$4 ,TEA*]S & /UD5TS :O SUPPORT$ ! PR(ESSORS W]E SEV]ELY PUNI%$4 ,I KN[ A PR(ESSOR ( SOCIOLOGY & LIT]ATURE1 A BRILLIANT S*OL> & A ,REVOLUTIONI/1 :O WAS DIS*>G$ FROM ! ,MOSC[ ,UNIV]SITY BECAUSE1 AS AN ,AN>*I/1 HE 5C\RAG$ ! CRITICAL FACULTY ( HIS PUPILS4 ,HE IS BUT ONE 9/ANCE ( ! NUM]\S CASES ( NON-,COMMUNI/ 9TELLECTUALS :O1 UND] ONE PRETEXT OR ANO!R1 >E SY/EMATICALLY H\ND$ & F9ALLY ELIM9AT$ FROM ,BOL%EVIK 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ 0CELLS0 9 CONTROL ( EV]Y CLASSROOM HAVE CREAT$ AN ATMOSPH]E ( DI/RU/ & SUSPICION 9 :I* REAL $UCATION CANNOT ?RIVE4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAVE /RIV5 TO C>RY $UCATION & CULTURE 9TO ! ,R$ ,>MY & ! VILLAGES4 ,BUT H]E AGA9 ! SAME CONDITIONS PREVAIL4 ,COMMUNISM IS ! ,/ATE RELIGION &1 LIKE ALL RELIGIONS1 IT DISC\RAGES ! CRITICAL ATTITUDE & FR[NS UPON 9DEP5D5T 9QUIRY4 ,YET )\T ! CAPACITY = P>ALLELISM & OPPORTUNITY = V]IFICATION $UCATION IS VALUELESS4 

,! ,PROLETCULT IS ! PET *ILD ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,LIKE MO/ P>5TS1 !Y CLAIM = !IR (FSPR+ EXTRAORD9>Y TAL5TS4 ,!Y HOLD IT UP AS ! GREAT G5IUS :O IS DE/9$ TO 5RI* ! WORLD ) NEW VALUES4 ,H5CE=? ! MASSES %ALL NO LONG] DR9K FROM ! POISON\S WELL ( B\RGEOIS CULTURE4 ,\T ( !IR [N CREATIVE IMPULSE & ?R\< !IR [N EF=TS ! PROLET>IAT %ALL BR+ =? GREAT TREASURES 9 LIT]ATURE1 >T1 & MUSIC4 ,BUT LIKE MO/ *ILD PRODIGIES1 ! ,PROLETCULT DID NOT LIVE UP TO ITS E>LY PROMISE4 ,BE=E LONG IT PROV$ ITSELF BEL[ ! AV]AGE1 9CAPABLE ( 9NOVATION1 LACK+ ORIG9ALITY1 & )\T SU/A9+ P[]4 ,ALREADY 9 #aib ,I WAS TOLD BY TWO ( ! =EMO/ FO/]-FA!RS ( ! ,PROLETCULT1 ,GORKI & ,LUNA*>SKY1 ?AT IT WAS A FAILURE4 

,9 ,PETROGRAD1 ,MOSC[1 & ?R\<\T MY TRAVELS ,I HAD OCCASION TO /UDY ! EF=TS ( ! ,PROLETCULT4 ,:E!R EXPRESS$ 9 PR9T$ =M1 ON ! /AGE1 9 CLAY OR COLOR1 !Y W]E B>R5 ( IDEAS OR VISION1 & %[$ NOT A TRACE ( ! 9N] URGE :I* IMPELS CREATIVE >T4 ,!Y W]E HOPELESSLY COMMONPLACE4 ,I DO NOT D\BT ?AT ! MASSES WILL SOME DAY CREATE A NEW CULTURE1 NEW >T VALUES1 NEW =MS ( BEAUTY4 ,BUT !SE WILL COME TO LIFE FROM ! 9N] NECESSITY ( ! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 & NOT ?R\< AN >BITR>Y WILL IMPOS$ UPON !M4 

,! ME*ANI/IC APPROA* TO >T & CULTURE  & ! IDEE FIXE ?AT NO?+ MU/ EXPRESS ITSELF \TSIDE ( ! *ANNELS ( ! ,/ATE HAVE /ULTIFI$ ! CULTURAL & >TI/IC EXPRESSION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,9 POETRY & LIT]ATURE1 9 DRAMA1 PA9T+1 & MUSIC NOT A S+LE EPIC ( ! ,REVOLUTION HAS BE5 PRODUC$ DUR+ FIVE YE>S4 ,?IS IS ! MORE REM>KABLE :5 ONE BE>S 9 M9D H[ RI* ,RUSSIA WAS 9 WORKS ( >T & H[ CLOSE H] WRIT]S & POETS W]E TO ! S\L ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,YET 9 ! GREATE/ UPHEAVAL 9 ! WORLD'S HI/ORY NO ONE HAS COME =W>D ) P5 OR BRU% OR LYRE TO GIVE >TI/IC EXPRESSION TO ! MIRACLE OR TO SET TO MUSIC ! /ORM ?AT C>RI$ ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE =W>D4 ,WORKS ( >T1 LIKE NEW-BORN MAN1 COME 9 PA9 & TRAVAIL4 ,V]ILY ! FIVE YE>S ( ,REVOLUTION %\LD HAVE PROV$ V]Y RI* SPIRITUALLY & CREATIVELY4 ,= 9 ?OSE YE>S ! S\L ( ,RUSSIA HAS GONE ?R\< A ?\S& CRUCIFIXIONS4 ,YET 9 ?IS REG>D ,RUSSIA WAS NEV] BE=E SO POOR & DESOLATE4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKI CLAIM ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD IS NOT CONDUCIVE TO CREATIVE >T4 ,?AT CONT5TION IS NOT BORNE \T BY ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,TO M5TION ONLY ! ,M>SEILLAISE1 ! GREAT MUSIC ( :I* LIVES & WILL LIVE4 ,! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION WAS RI* 9 SPIRITUAL  EF=T1 9 POETRY1 PA9T+1 SCI5CE1 & 9 ITS GREAT LIT]ATURE & LETT]S4 ,BUT1 !N1 ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION WAS NEV] SO COMPLETELY 9 ! BONDAGE ( ONE DOGMATIC IDEA AS HAS BE5 ! CASE ) ,RUSSIA4 ,! ,JACOB9S 9DE$ /ROVE H>D TO FETT] ! SPIRIT ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & !Y PAID DE>LY = IT4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI HAVE BE5 COPY+ ! DE/RUCTIVE PHASES ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT !Y HAVE DONE NO?+ ?AT CAN COMP>E ) ! CON/RUCTIVE A*IEVEM5TS ( ?AT P]IOD4 

,I HAVE SAID ?AT NO?+ \T/&+ HAS BE5 CREAT$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,TO BE EXACT1 ,I MU/ EXCEPT ! GREAT REVOLUTION>Y POEM1 0,TWELVE10 BY ,ALEX&] ,BLOK4 ,BUT EV5 ?AT GIFT$ G5IUS1 DEEPLY 9SPIR$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION1 & IMBU$ ) ! FIRE ?AT HAD COME TO PURIFY ALL LIFE1 SOON CEAS$ TO CREATE4 ,HIS EXP]I5CE ) ! ,T*EKA 7HE WAS >RE/$ 9 #a#i#a#i71 ! T]RORISM ALL AB\T HIM1 ! S5SELESS WA/E ( LIFE & 5]GY1 ! SUFF]+ & HOPELESSNESS ( IT ALL DEPRESS$ HIS SPIRIT & BROKE HIS HEAL?4 ,SOON ,ALEX&] ,BLOK WAS NO MORE4 

,EV5 A ,BLOK C\LD NOT CREATE ) AN IRON B& COMPRESS+ HIS BRA9-! IRON B& ( ,BOL%EVIK DI/RU/1 P]SECUTION1 & C5SOR%IP4 ,H[ F>-REA*+ ! LATT] WAS ,I REALIZ$ FROM  A DOCUM5T ! ,MUSEUM ,EXP$ITION HAD DISCOV]$ 9 ,VOLOGDA4 ,IT WAS A 0V]Y CONFID5TIAL1 SECRET0 ORD] ISSU$ 9 #aib & SIGN$ BY ,ULYANOVA1 ! SI/] ( ,L59 & *IEF ( ! ,C5TRAL ,$UCATIONAL ,DEP>TM5T4 ,IT DIRECT$ ! LIBR>IES ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA TO 0ELIM9ATE ALL NON-,COMMUNI/ LIT]ATURE1 EXCEPT ! ,BIBLE1 ! ,KORAN1 & ! CLASSICS1 9CLUD+ EV5 ,COMMUNI/IC WRIT+S DEAL+ ) PROBLEMS :I* W]E BE+ 0SOLV$ 9 A DIFF]5T WAY0 BY ! EXI/+ REGIME4 ,! CONDEMN$ LIT]ATURE WAS TO BE S5T TO PAP] MILLS 0BECAUSE ( ! SC>CITY ( PAP]40 

,SU* $ICTS & ! ,/ATE MONOPOLY ( ALL MAT]IAL1 PR9T+ MA*9]Y1 & M$IUMS ( CIRCULATION EXCLUDE EV]Y POSSIBILITY ( ! BIR? ( CREATIVE WORK4 ,! $ITOR ( A LITTLE COOP]ATIVE PAP] PUBLI%$ A BRILLIANT POEM1 UNSIGN$4 ,IT WAS ! CRY ( A TORTUR$ POET'S S\L 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ! CONT9U$ T]ROR4 ,! $ITOR WAS PROMPTLY >RE/$ & HIS LITTLE %OP CLOS$4 ,! AU?OR W\LD PROBABLY HAVE BE5 %OT HAD HIS :]EAB\TS BE5 KN[N4 ,NO D\BT !RE >E MANY AGONIZ$ CRIES 9 ,RUSSIA1 BUT !Y >E MUFFL$ CRIES4 ,NO ONE MAY HE> !M OR 9T]PRET !IR MEAN+4 ,! FUTURE ALONE HAS ! KEY TO ! CULTURAL & >TI/IC TREASURES N[ HIDD5 FROM ! ,>GUS EYES ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,$UCATION & ! NUM]\S O!R C5SORIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 

,RUSSIA IS N[ ! DUMP+ GR\ND = M$IOCRITIES 9 >T & CULTURE4 ,!Y FIT 
9TO ! N>R[ GROOVE1 !Y DANCE ATT5DANCE ON ! ALLP[]FUL POLITICAL 
COMMISS>S4 ,!Y LIVE 9 ! ,KREML9 & SKIM ! CREAM ( LIFE1 :ILE ! REAL 
POETS--LIKE ,BLOK & O!RS--DIE ( WANT & DESPAIR4 

,! VOID 9 LIT]ATURE1 POETRY1 & >T IS FELT MO/ 9 ! !AT]S1 ! ,/ATE !AT]S ESPECIALLY4 ,I ONCE SAT ?R\< FIVE H\RS ( ACT+ 9 ! ,ALEX&ROVSKY ,!AT] 9 ,PETROGRAD :5 0,O!LLO0 WAS /AG$1 ) ,&REYEVA1 ,GORKI'S WIFE1 AS ,DESDEMONA4 ,IT IS H>D TO IMAG9E A PLAY MORE ATROCI\SLY PRES5T$4 ,I SAW MO/ ( ! O!R PLAYS 9 ! ,/ATE !AT] & NOT ONE ( !M GAVE ANY H9T ( ! E>?QUAKE ?AT HAD %AK5 ,RUSSIA4 ,!RE WAS NO NEW NOTE 9 9T]PRETATION1 SC5]Y1 OR ME?OD4 ,IT WAS ALL COMMONPLACE & 9ADEQUATE1 9NOC5T EV5 ( ! ADVANCEM5T MADE 9 DRAMATIC >T 9 B\RGEOIS C\NTRIES1 & UTT]LY 9CONSEQU5TIAL 9 ! LI<T ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,! ONLY EXCEPTION WAS ! ,MOSC[ ,>T ,!AT]4 ,ITS P]=MANCE ( ,GORKI'S 0,NI<T'S  ,LODG+0 WAS ESPECIALLY P[]FUL4 ,REAL >T WAS ALSO PRES5T$ 9 ! ,/ANISLAVSKY ,/UDIO4 ,!SE W]E ! ONLY OASES 9 !->T DES]T ( ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT EV5 ! ,>T ,!AT] %[$ NO TRACE ( ! GREAT REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS ,RUSSIA WAS LIV+ ?R\<4 ,! REP]TOIRE :I* HAD MADE ! ,>T ,!AT] FAM\S A QU>T] ( A C5TURY BE=E /ILL CONT9U$ NI<T AFT] NI<T4 ,!RE W]E NO NEW ,IBS5S1 ,TOL/OIS1 OR ,T*EKOVS TO ?UND] !IR PROTE/ AGA9/ ! NEW EVILS1 & IF !RE HAD BE51 NO !AT] C\LD HAVE /AG$ !M4 ,IT WAS SAF] TO 9T]PRET ! PA/ ?AN TO VOICE ! PRES5T4 ,YET1 ?\< ! ,>T ,!AT] KEPT /RICTLY )9 ! PA/1 ,/ANISLAVSKY WAS (T5 9 DIFFICULTIES ) ! AU?ORITIES4 ,HE HAD SUFF]$ >RE/ & WAS ONCE EVICT$ FROM HIS /UDIO4 ,HE HAD JU/ MOV$ 9TO A NEW PLACE :5 ,I VISIT$ HIM ) ,L\ISE ,BRYANT :O HAD ASK$ ME TO ACT AS H] 9T]PRET]4 ,/ANISLAVSKY LOOK$ =LORN & DISC\RAG$ AMONG HIS /ILL UNPACK$ BOXES ( /AGE PROP]TY4 ,I SAW HIM ALSO ON SEV]AL O!R OCCASIONS & F\ND HIM ALMO/ HOPELESS AB\T ! FUTURE ( ! !AT] 9 ,RUSSIA4 0,! !AT] CAN GR[ ONLY ?R\< 9SPIRATION FROM NEW WORKS ( >T10 HE W\LD SAY2 0)\T IT ! 9T]PRETIVE >TI/ MU/ /AGNATE & ! !AT]  DET]IORATE40 ,BUT ,/ANISLAVSKY HIMSELF WAS TOP MU* ! CREATIVE >TI/ TO /AGNATE44 ,HE S\<T O!R =MS  
( 9T]PRETATION4 ,HIS NEWE/ V5TURE WAS AN ATTEMPT TO BR+ S++ & DRAMATIC ACT+ 9TO COOP]ATIVE H>MONY4 ,I ATT5D$ A DRESS REHE>SAL ( SU* A P]=MANCE & F\ND IT V]Y IMPRESSIVE4 ,! EFFECT ( ! VOICE WAS GREATLY 5HANC$ BY ! REALI/IC F9ESSE :I* ,/ANISLAVSKY A*IEV$ 9 DRAMATIC >T4 ,BUT !SE EF=TS W]E 5TIRELY ! WORK ( HIMSELF & HIS LITTLE CIRCLE ( >T /UD5TS2 !Y HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI ( ! ,PROLETCULT4 

,!RE >E SOME O!R 9NOVATIONS1 BEGUN LONG BE=E ! ADV5T ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI & P]MITT$ BY !M TO CONT9UE BECAUSE !Y HAVE NO BE>+ ON ! ,RUSSIAN ACTUALITY4 ,! ,KAM]NEY ,!AT] REGI/]S ITS REVOLT AGA9/ ! IMPOSITION ( ! PLAY UPON ! ACT+1 AGA9/ ! LIMITATION ( EXPRESSION 9VOLV$ 9 ! OR?ODOX 9T]PRETATION ( DRAMATIC >T4 ,IT A*IEVES NOTEWOR?Y RESULTS BY ! NEW MODE ( ACT+1 COMPLEM5T$ BY ORIG9AL SC5]Y & MUSIC1 BUT MO/LY 9 PLAYS ( A LI<T] G5RE4 

,ANO!R UNIQUE ATTEMPT IS ESSAY$ BY ! ,SEMP]ANTE ,!AT]4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON ! CONCEPTION ?AT ! WRITT5 DRAMA *ECKS !  GR[? & DIV]SITY ( ! 9T]PRETIVE >TI/4 ,PLAYS %\LD !RE=E BE IMPROVIS$1 !REBY AF=D+ GREAT] SCOPE TO SPONTANEITY1 9SPIRATION1 & MOOD ( ! >TI/4 ,IT IS A NOVEL EXP]IM5T1 BUT AS ! IMPROVIS$ PLAYS MU/ ALSO KEEP )9 ! LIMITS ( ! ,/ATE C5SOR%IP1 ! WORK ( ! ,SEMP]ANTI/S SUFF]S FROM A LACK ( IDEAS4 

,! MO/ 9T]E/+ CULTURAL 5DEAVOR ,I MET 9 ,KIEV WAS ! WORK ( ! ,JEWI% ,KULTURLIGA4 ,ITS NUCLEUS WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 #aiah TO M9I/] TO ! NE$S ( POGROM VICTIMS4 ,!Y HAD TO BE PROVID$ =1 %ELT]$1 F$1 & CLO!D4 ,Y\NG ,JEWI% LIT]>Y M5 & AN ABLE ORGANIZ] BR\<T ! ,KULTURLIGA TO LIFE4 ,!Y DID NOT CONT5T !MSELVES ) M9I/]+ ONLY TO ! PHYSICAL NE$S ( ! UN=TUNATES4 ,!Y ORGANIZ$ *ILDR5'S HOMES1 PUBLIC S*OOLS1 HI< S*OOLS1 EV5+ CLASSES2 LAT] A SEM9>Y & >T S*OOL W]E ADD$4 ,:5 WE VISIT$ ,KIEV ! ,KULTURLIGA [N$ A PR9T+ PLANT & A /UDIO1 BESIDES ITS O!R $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS1 & HAD SUCCE$$ 9 ORGANIZ+ #bc BRAN*ES 9 ! ,UKRA9A4 ,AT A LIT]>Y EV5+ & A SPECIAL P]=MANCE >RANG$ 9 HONOR ( ! ,EXP$ITION WE W]E ABLE TO WITNESS ! EXTRAORD9>Y A*IEVEM5TS ( !1 ,KULTURLIGA4 

,AT ! LIT]>Y EV5+ ,P]EZ'S POEM 0,! ,F\R ,SEASONS0 WAS R5D]$ BY RECITATIVE GR\P S++4 ,! EFFECT WAS /RIK+4 ,NATURE AT ! BIR? ( SPR+1 BIRDS S5D+ =? !IR JOY\S SONG ( LOVE1 ! MY/]Y & ROMANCE ( MAT+1 ! EC/ASY ( R5EW+ & BECOM+1 ! RUMBL+ ( ! APPROA*+ /ORM1 ! CRA% ( ! MI<TY GIANTS /RUCK BY LI<TN+1 RA9 S(TLY FALL+1 ! LEAVES FLUTT]+ TO E>?1 ! SOMB]NESS & PA?OS ( AUTUMN1 ! LA/ DESP]ATE RESI/ANCE ( ,NATURE AGA9/ DEA?1 ! TREES %R\D$ 9 :ITE-ALL W]E MADE VIVID & ALIVE BY ! NEW =M ( COLLECTIVE RECITATIVE4 ,EV]Y NUANCE ( ,NATURE WAS BR\<T \T BY ! GR\P ( >TI/S ON ! IMPROVIS$ LITTLE /AGE ( ! ,KULTURLIGA4 

,! NEXT DAY WE VISIT$ ! >T S*OOL4 ,! *ILDR5'S CLASSES W]E ! MORE 9T]E/+4 ,!RE WAS NO DISCIPL9E1 NO RIGID RULES1 NO ME*ANI/IC CONTROL ( !IR >T IMPULSES4 ,! *ILDR5 DID DRAW+1 PA9T+1 & MODEL+ -MO/LY ,JEWI% MOTIFS3 A POGROM$ CITY1 BY A BOY ( F\RTE52 A DEV\T ,JEW 9 HIS TALES PRAY+ 9 ! SYNAGOGUE1 MORTAL FE> ( ! POGROM SAVAGES WRITT5 9 HIS EV]Y FEATURE2 AN OLD ,JEWI% WOMAN1 ! TRAGIC REMNANT ( A :OLE FAMILY SLAU<T]$2 & SIMIL> SC5ES FROM !  LIFE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,JEW4 ,! EF=TS W]E (T5 CRUDE1 BUT !RE WAS AB\T !M NO?+ ( ! /ILT$ MANN] *>ACT]I/IC ( ! ,PROLETCULT4 ,!RE WAS NO ATTEMPT TO IMPOSE A DEF9ITE =MULA ON >T EXPRESSION4 

,LAT] WE ATT5D$ ! /UDIO4 ,9 A B>E ROOM4 )\T SC5]Y1 LI<T+1 CO/UMES1 OR MAKE-UP1 ! >TI/S ( ! ,KULTURLIGA GAVE SEV]AL ONE-ACT PLAYS & PRES5T$ ALSO AN UNPUBLI%$ WORK F\ND AMONG ! EFFECTS ( A PLAYWRI<T4 ,! P]=MANCE HAD AN >TI/IC T\* & F9I% ,I HAD R>ELY SE5 BE=E4 ,! PLAY IS CALL$ 0,! ,5D ( ! ,WORLD40 ,! WRA? ( ,GOD ROLLS LIKE ?UND] ACROSS ! WORLD1 COMM&+ MAN TO PREP>E = ! 5D4 ,YET MAN HE$S NOT4 ,!N ALL ! ELEM5TS >E LET LOOSE1 PURSU+ ONE ANO!R 9 WILD FURY2 ! /ORM RAGES & %RIEKS1 & MAN'S GROANS >E DR[N$ 9 ! T]RIFIC H\R ( JUDGM5T4 ,! WORLD GOES UND]1 & ALL IS DEAD4 

,!N SOME?+ BEG9S TO MOVE AGA94 ,BLACK %AD[S SYMBOLIZ+ HALF BEA/1 HALF MAN1 ) DI/ORT$ FACES & HESITAT+ MOVEM5TS1 CR\* \T ( !IR CAVES4 ,9 AWE & FE> !Y /RET* !IR TREMBL+ H&S T[>D ONE ANO!R4 ,HALT+LY AT FIR/1 !N ) GR[+ CONFID5CE1 MAN ATTEMPTS 9 COMMON EF=T ) HIS FOLL[S TO LIFT  HIMSELF \T ( ! BLACK VOID4 ,LI<T BEG9S TO BREAK4 ,AGA9 A ?UND]\S VOICE ROLLS OV] ! E>?4 ,IT IS ! VOICE ( FULFILLM5T4 

,IT WAS A /IRR+ >TI/IC A*IEVEM5T4 

,:5 ! ,LIGA WAS FIR/ ORGANIZ$ ! ,BOL%EVIKI SUBSIDIZ$ ITS WORK4 ,LAT]1 :5 !Y RETURN$ TO ,KIEV AFT] ITS EVACUATION BY ,D5IK91 !Y GAVE V]Y SCANTY SUPPORT TO ! $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS ( ! ,KULTURLIGA4 ,?IS UNFRI5DLY ATTITUDE WAS DUE TO ! ,YEVKOM1 ! ,JEWI% ,COMMUNI/ ,SECTION1 :I* 9TRIGUES AGA9/ EV]Y 9DEP5D5T ,JEWI% CULTURAL 5DEAVOR4 ,:5 WE LEFT ,KIEV ! >D5T WORK]S ( ! ,LIGA W]E MU* WORRI$ AB\T ! FUTURE ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,I AM NOT 9 A POSITION TO SAY AT ?IS WRIT+ :E!R ! ,LIGA WAS ABLE TO CONT9UE ITS WORK OR WAS CLOS$ ALTOGE!R4 ,H[EV]1 LAUDABLE AS W]E ! 9NOVATIONS ( ! ,KULTURLIGA & ! ATTEMPTS ( ! ,KAM]NEY & ,SEMP]ANTE AT NEW MODES ( EXPRESSION1 !Y C\LD NOT BE CONSID]$ AS HAV+ ANY BE>+ ON ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,/ATE SUPPORT TO SO-CALL$ >T IS GIV5 MO/LY TO ,LUNA*>SKY'S DRAMATIC V5TURES & O!R ,COMMUNI/ 9T]PRETATIONS ( CULTURE4 ,:5 ,I FIR/ MET ,LUNA*>SKY ,I ?\<T HIM MU* LESS ! POLITICIAN ?AN ! >TI/4 ,I HE>D HIM LECTURE AT ! ,SV]DLOV ,UNIV]SITY BE=E A L>GE AUDI5CE ( WORK+M5 & WOM51 POPUL>IZ+ ! ORIG9 & DEVELOPM5T ( >T4 ,IT WAS DONE SPL5DIDLY4 ,:5 ,I MET HIM AGA9 HE WAS SO ?OR\<LY 9 ! ME%ES ( ,P>TY DISCIPL9E & SO COMPLETELY %ORN ( HIS P[] ?AT EV]Y EF=T ( HIS WAS FRU/RAT$4 ,!N HE BEGAN TO WRITE PLAYS4 ,?AT WAS HIS UNDO+4 ,HE C\LD NOT EMPLOY ! MAT]IAL ( ! ACTUAL REALITY1 & ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION1 ,K]5SKY1 & ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY HAD ALREADY BE5 C>ICATUR$ TO A ?READ4 ,LUNA*>SKY TURN$ TO ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,HE WROTE 0,! ,SMI? & ! ,C\NCILOR10 A SORT ( BURLESQUE4 ,! PLAY IS SO AMATEURI% & COMMONPLACE ?AT NO !AT] \TSIDE ( ,RUSSIA W\LD HAVE C>$ TO PRES5T IT4 ,BUT ,LUNA*>SKY WAS 9 CONTROL ( ! !AT]S-:Y NOT EXPLOIT !M = HIS [N WORKS8 ,! PLAY WAS /AG$ AT GREAT CO/1 AT A TIME :5 MILLIONS ON ! ,VOLGA W]E />V+4 ,BUT EV5 ?AT C\LD HAVE BE5 =GIV5 IF ! PLAY HAD ANY MEAN+ OR CONTA9$ ANY?+ SUGGE/IVE ( ! TRAG$Y- ( ,RUSSIA4 ,9/EAD1 IT LACK$ ALL LIFE & WAS RI* ONLY 9 VULG> SC5ES PORTRAY+ ,LUD5DORFF1 ! R5EGADE ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,PRESID5T1 A DEG5]ATE >I/OCRAT1 & A PR9CESS ( !  
DEMIMONDE4 ,! DRUNK5 M5 FRANTICALLY SCRAMBLE = ! POSSESSION ( ! WOMAN1 LIT]ALLY TE>+ H] CLO?+ (F H] BACK4 ,A REVOLT+ SC5E1 YET 9 ! :OLE AUDI5CE ( TEA*]S & MEMB]S ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,$UCATION NOT A S+LE PROTE/ WAS VOIC$ AGA9/ ! AFFRONT TO ! TA/E & 9TELLIG5CE ( REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y APPLAUD$ ! PLAYWRI<T1 = ?OSE SYCOPHANTS DEP5D$ ON ,LUNA*>SKY = !IR RATIONS4 ,!Y C\LD NOT AF=D TO BE CRITICAL4 

,VANITY & P[] BREAK ! /RONGE/ *>ACT]1 & ,LUNA*>SKY IS NOT /RONG4 ,IT IS HIS LACK ( WILL :I* MAKES HIM SUBMIT AGA9/ HIS BETT] JUDGM5T1 TO ! GALL+ DISCIPL9E & ESPIONAGE PLAC$ OV] HIM4 ,P]HAPS HE AV5GES HIMSELF BY =C+ UPON ! PUBLIC AT L>GE & ! ACTORS UND] HIS *>GE HIS DRAMATIC WORKS4 

,AFT] A C>EFUL ANALYSIS ( ! $UCATIONAL & CULTURAL EF=TS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI ! E>NE/ /UD5T WILL COME TO ! FOLL[+ CONCLUSIONS3 FIR/1 !RE IS QUANTITY RA!R ?AN SUB/ANCE 9 ! $UCATION ( ,RUSSIA TO-DAY2 SECONDLY1 ! !AT]S1 ! BALLET1 & ! MUSEUMS RECEIVE G5]\S SUPPORT FROM ! ,GOV]NM5T1 BUT ! REASON = IT IS NOT SO MU* LOVE ( >T AS ! NECESSITY ( F9D+ SOME \TLET = ! *ECK$ & /IFL$ ASPIRATIONS ( ! PEOPLE4  

,! POLITICAL DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI ) ONE /ROKE SUPPRESS$ ! SOCIAL PHASE ( LIFE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,!RE WAS NO =UM EV5 = ! MO/ 9(F5SIVE SOCIAL 9T]C\RSE1 NO CLUBS1 NO MEET+ PLACES1 NO RE/AURANTS1 NOT EV5 A DANCE HALL4 ,I REMEMB] ! %OCK$ EXPRESSION ( ,ZOR9 :5 ,I ASK$ HIM IF ! Y\NG PEOPLE C\LD NOT OCCASIONALLY MEET = A DANCE FREE FROM ,COMMUNI/ SUP]VISION4 0,DANCE HALLS >E GA!R+ PLACES = C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S2 WE CLOS$ !M10 HE 9=M$ ME4 ,! EMOTIONAL & HUMAN NE$S ( ! PEOPLE W]E CONSID]$ DANG]\S TO ! REGIME4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! DREADFUL EXI/5CE--HUNG]1 COLD1 & D>KNESS--WAS SAPP+ ! LIFE ( ! PEOPLE4 ,GLOOM & DESPAIR BY DAY1 CONGE/ION1 LACK ( LI<T & HEAT AT NI<T1 & NO ESCAPE FROM IT ALL4 ,!RE WAS1 ( C\RSE1 ! POLITICAL LIFE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY-A LIFE /]N & =BIDD+1 A LIFE )\T COLOR OR W>M?4 ,! MASSES HAD NO CONTACT ) OR 9T]E/ 9 ?AT LIFE1 & !Y W]E NOT P]MITT$ TO HAVE ANY?+ ( !IR [N4 ,A PEOPLE BOTTL$ UP IS A M5ACE4 ,SOME \TLET HAD TO BE PROVID$1 SOME RELIEF FROM ! BLACK DESPAIR4 ,! !AT]1 ! OP]A1 & ! MUSEUM W]E ?AT RELIEF4 ,:AT IF ! !AT]S GAVE NO?+ NEW8 ,:AT  IF ! OP]A HAD BAD S++8 ,& ! BALLET CONT9U$ TO MOVE 9 ! OLD TOE CIRCLES8 ,! PLACES W]E W>M2 !Y HAD LI<T4 ,!Y FURNI%$ ! OPPORTUNITY = HUMAN ASSOCIATION & ONE C\LD =GET ! MIS]Y & LONEL9ESS--ONE MI<T EV5 =GET ! ,T*EKA4 ,! !AT]1 ! OP]A1 ! BALLET1 & ! MUSEUM BECAME ! SAFETY VALVE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 ,& AS ! !AT]S GAVE NO?+ ( PROTE/1 NO?+ NEW OR VITAL1 !Y W]E P]MITT$ TO CONT9UE4 ,!Y SOLV$ A GREAT & DIFFICULT PROBLEM & FURNI%$ EXCELL5T COPY = =EIGN PROPAG&A4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibc 3 ,*APT] #i -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#d1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #i -- ,ADD$4 

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