,NICOLAS ,S>KOZY 
,A M&ATE = CLASS W> 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,CONS]VATIVE POLITICIAN ,NICOLAS ,S>KOZY HAS WON ! ,FR5* ,PRESID5TIAL ELECTION4 ,HE MANAG$ TO CONV9CE #e#c.0 ( ! POPULATION ?AT HE REPRES5TS *ANGE & ?IS MESSAGE HAS DUTIFULLY BE5 REPEAT$ 9 ! M$IA OV] H]E4 ,YET HE IS BASICALLY ! *OS5 SUCCESSOR TO ! 9CUMB5T P>TY SO1 SURELY1 IT MAKES F> MORE S5SE TO SAY ! ,FR5* W]E LOOK+ = 0MORE ( ! SAME0 RA!R ?AN ! ,ROYAL VICTORY W\LD HAVE BE5 ! M&ATE = 0*ANGE40 

,FAIL+ TO NOTE ?AT HE HAD BE5 A POLITICIAN = #b YE>S1 HE PLAY$ ! RI<T-W+ POPULI/ C>D ( PORTRAY+ HIMSELF AS AN \TSID] & ATTACK+ POLITICIANS 7& TRADE UNIONS1 IMMIGRANTS & O!R USUAL SUSPECTS7 = /EAL+ ! WEAL? ( H>D WORK+ ,FR5* PEOPLE4 ,?AT ?IS WAS REPORT$ S]I\SLY %[S ! 0OBJECTIVITY0 ( ! M$IA & ! FACT SOME PEOPLE B\<T IT %[S ! GULLIBILITY ( MANY ON ! RI<T4 ,:AT CAN Y\ EXPECT1 :5 Y\ HAVE A WORLDVIEW BAS$ ON AU?ORITY-WOR%IP8 

,:AT WAS SIGNIFICANT 9 ! REPORT+ WAS H[ A #c.0 MAJORITY WAS TURN$ 9TO A /RONG M&ATE = HIS AG5DA RA!R ?AN :AT IT WAS1 A RELATIVELY SMALL MAJORITY :I* %[$ ?AT A SIZABLE SECTION ( ! ,FR5* PEOPLE REJECT IT4 ,IT IS D\BTFUL ?AT A ,ROYAL VICTORY ( #c.0 W\LD HAVE BE5 REPORT$ 9 QUITE ! SAME WAY4 ,BUT1 !N1 ,BU%'S #bd 0VICTORY0 ( #a.0 WAS DUTIFULLY REPORT$ AS A L&SLIDE = CONS]VATISM4 

,SO :AT TO MAKE ( ?IS DEM& = 0*ANGE08 ,M,$,E,F1 ! ,FR5* BOSSES ASSOCIATION1 WAS SOLIDLY BEH9D ,S>KOZY4 ,?IS IS UNSURPRIS+1 AS HE PROMIS$ TO 0RE=M0 ! TAX ON L>GE =TUNES & GIVE TAX BREAKS TO BIG BUS9ESS & ! RI* :ILE MAK+ MORE CUTS 9 ! /ATE-RUN NATIONAL HEAL? SY/EM4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 TO HELP ! ALREADY-PRIVILEG$ CLASSES RETA9 & EXT5D !IR SOCIO-ECONOMIC POSITION4 

0,RE=M0 US$ TO BE ASSOCIAT$ ) MAK+ ?+S BETT]4 ,!SE DAYS IT IS USUALLY AN 0ECONOMICALLY CORRECT0 CODE WORD = IMPOS+ A NEO-LIB]AL AG5DA 7I4E41 0FREE+0 ! LABOR M>KET1 WEAK5+ UNION P[] & /ATE REGULATION ( BUS9ESS1 & R$UC+ TAXES74 ,! ASSUMPTION IS ?AT WORS5+ ! SITUATION = ! BULK ( A POPULATION BY MAK+ WORK]S *EAP] WILL LEAD TO GREAT] COMPETITIV5ESS1 HI<] PR(ITS &1 !RE=E1 MORE JOBS4 ,A CLE> CASE ( MAK+ ! ECONOMY 7PR(ITS7 BETT] AT ! EXP5SE ( PEOPLE4 ,! SAD ?+ IS ?AT ?IS PROGRAM IS BAS$ ECONOMICS :I* >E AT DEEPLY FLAW$ & :I* HAVE LITTLE OR NO BE>+ TO REALITY4 ,AT BE/1 IT IS IMP>TIAL & 9COMPLETE1 AT WORSE IT HAS BE5 DEBUNK$ = DECADES & REFLECTS A FANTASY WORLD ( :ATEV] UNREAL ASSUMPTIONS >E REQUIR$ TO MAKE ! !ORY COME TO ! CONCLUSION ! ECONOMI/ SEEKS4 

,SO ! ONLY GR\P ?AT NE$S ,S>KOZY'S 0RE=M0 ( ! ,FR5* ECONOMY IS ITS V]Y RI*4 ,DO ! ,FR5* PEOPLE REALLY WANT TO BECOME LIKE ! ,U,K & ,U,S,A8 ,C\NTRIES :]E ! BOSSES >E 9 ! SADDLE & WORK]S DO :AT !Y >E TOLD8 ,SURE1 ! ,FR5* BOSSES W\LD LOVE SU* A REGIME BUT !Y DO NOT MAKE UP #e#c.0 ( ! POPULATION4 ,P>T ( ! PROBLEM IS ?AT MANY PEOPLE ACCEPT ! IMAGE ( ,FRANCE AS ONE 9FLICT$ ) ECONOMIC /AGNATION1 A NEW 0SICK MAN0 ( ,EUROPE4 

,! S\RCE ( ! 0DECL9E0 ( ,FRANCE IS USUALLY L9K$ TO L[] ,G,D,P GR[? OV] ! PA/ FEW YE>S COMP>$ TO C\NTRIES LIKE ,BRITA9 & ! ,U,S,A 7BO? ( :I* >E CON/ANTLY T\T$ AS MODELS = ,FRANCE TO FOLL[74 ,YET ?IS P]SPECTIVE FAILS TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT 9T]NAL 9COME DI/RIBUTION4 ,BO? ! ,U,S,A & ,U,K >E M>K$ BY L>GE 7& 9CREAS+7 9EQUALITY4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ,G,D,P GR[? IS NOT EQUALLY DI/RIBUT$4 ,9 ,AM]ICA1 = EXAMPLE1 MO/ ( ,G,D,P GR[? HAS BE5 CAPTUR$ BY ! TOP #e.0 ( ! POPULATION :ILE M$IAN WAGES HAVE BE5 FLAT = DECADES4 ,IGNOR+ ! ELITE W\LD MEAN ?AT ,G,D,P GR[? W\LD BE R\<LY SIMIL> 9 BO? C\NTRIES1 AT LEA/ = ! BULK ( ! POPULATION4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT :ILE ,FRANCE MAY GR[ MORE SL[LY1 IT B5EFITS MORE ?AN JU/ ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,!N !RE >E SU* FACTORS AS POV]TY & SOCIAL MOBILITY4 ,*ILD POV]TY IS >\ND #g.0 9 ,FRANCE1 BUT AT #a#f.0 9 ,BRITA9 7D\BLE ! RATE = #a#i#g#i7 & AT #b.0 9 ! ,U,S,A4 ,:ILE POV]TY HAS RIS51 SOCIAL MOBILITY HAS FALL5 9 ! ,U,S & ,U,K S9CE ! #a#i#hS NEO-LIB]AL REVOLUTIONS4 

,MOREOV]1 COMP>+ ,FRANCE'S 9COME OR ,G,D,P P] P]SON TO ! ,U4,S4 FAILS TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! FACT ?AT ,FR5* PEOPLE WORK F> LESS ?AN ,AM]ICANS4 ,SO :ILE ,FRANCE MAY LAG ,AM]ICA 7@s#c1#f#i#c TO @s#d#c1#a#d#d71 IT CANNOT BE SAID ?AT WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE >E AUTOMATICALLY WORSE (F4 ,LESS H\RS AT WORK & LONG] HOLIDAYS MAY IMPACT ON ,G,D,P BUT ONLY AN IDIOT W\LD SAY ?AT ?IS MEANS ! ECONOMY IS WORSE4 ,ECONOMI/S CANNOT SAY ?AT ONE P]SON IS WORSE (F ?AN ANO!R IF %E HAS LESS 9COME SIMPLY DUE TO WORK+ FEW] H\RS4 ,SO ,G,D,P P] CAPITA MAY BE HI<] 9 ! ,U,S1 BUT ONLY BECAUSE ,AM]ICAN WORK]S WORK MORE H\RS & NOT BECAUSE !Y >E MORE PRODUCTIVE4 ,LIKE O!R ,EUROPEANS1 ! ,FR5* HAVE DECID$ TO WORK LESS & 5JOY IT MORE4 ,SO IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMB] ?AT ,G,D,P IS NOT SYNONYM\S ) WELL-BE+4 

,A F> BETT] 9DICATOR ( ECONOMIC WELF>E IS1 9 FACT1 PRODUCTIVITY4 ,IT IS UND]/&ABLE ?AT ?IS IS NOT US$ AS A MEASURE AS IT IS AS HI<1 OR HI<]1 9 ,FRANCE AS IT IS 9 ! ,U,S 7& MU* HI<] ?AN 9 ! ,U,K74 ,& IT %\LD BE REMEMB]$ ?AT RIS+ PRODUCTIVITY 9 ! ,U,S HAS NOT BE5 REFLECT+ 9 RIS+ WAGES OV] ! LA/ ?REE DECADES4 ,! GA9S ( PRODUCTIVITY1 LIKE ?OSE 9 GR[?1 HAVE BE5 ACCUMULAT$ BY ! BOSS CLASS & NOT BY ! H>D WORK+ ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE 7:OSE WORK+ WEEK HAS /EADILY 9CREAS$ DUR+ ?AT P]IOD74 ,FRANCE ALSO HAS CREAT$ MORE PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS 7"4#a.0 BETWE5 #aiif & #b#b1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,O,E,C,D7 ?AN ! ,U,K 7"4#f.07 OR ! ,U,S 7"4#e.074 ,IRONICALLY1 ! ,U,K ECONOMY HAS B>ELY CREAT$ ANY NET EMPLOYM5T 9 ! PRIVATE SECTOR 9 ! PA/ FIVE YE>S BUT UNEMPLOYM5T HAS DROPP$ DUE TO 9CREAS$ PUBLIC SP5D+ :I* HAS SE5 A L>GE RISE 9 PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS4 

,:AT AB\T ! NOTORI\SLY HI< UNEMPLOYM5T8 ,?IS IS BAS$ ON MEASUR+ TE*NIQUES MORE ?AN ANY?+ ELSE4 ,! /&>D MEASURE ( UNEMPLOYM5T DIVIDES ! UNEMPLOY$ BY ! UNEMPLOY$ PLUS EMPLOY$4 ,BY ?IS MEASURE1 ,FR5* MALES AGE #a#e-#b#d HAVE AN UNEMPLOYM5T RATE ( #b4#h.01 AS COMP>$ TO #a#a4#h.0 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,YET ?IS DIFF]5CE IS MA9LY BECAUSE1 9 ,FRANCE1 !RE >E MANY MORE Y\NG MALES NOT 9 ! LABOR =CE 7MORE >E 9 S*OOL & FEW] WORK P>T TIME :ILE /UDY+74 ,AS ?OSE :O >E NOT 9 ! LABOR M>KET >E NOT C\NT$ 9 ! /&>D MEASURE1 ?IS GIVES AN 9FLAT$ VALUE = Y\? UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,A F> BETT] COMP>ISON W\LD BE TO COMP>E ! NUMB] ( UNEMPLOY$ DIVID$ BY ! POPULATION ( ?OSE 9 ! SAME AGE GR\P4 ,?IS RESULTS 9 ! ,U,S,A HAV+ A RATE ( #h4#c.0 & ,FRANCE #h4#f.04 ,AS = G5]AL UNEMPLOYM5T1 ! ROLE ( ! ,E,U C5TRAL BANK MA9TA9+ HI< 9T]E/ RATES OV] FE>S ( 9FLATION IS F> MORE LIKELY TO BE ! CULPRIT ?AN WORK] MILITANCY1 /ATE REGULATIONS OR ! WELF>E /ATE4 

,SO ! :OLE 0,FRANCE_/,EUROPE IS 9 A /ATE ( DECL9E0 N>RATIVE IS BETT] UND]/OOD AS A CORPORATE M$IA'S CLEV] PLOY TO PU% IT 9TO ! H&S ( ! SELF-DE/RUCT+ NEO-LIB]ALISM ?AT IS SL[LY TAK+ ITS TOLL ON ,BRITA9 & ,AM]ICA RA!R ?AN A S]I\S ANALYSIS ( ! REAL SITUATION !RE4 ,P]HAPS ! ,FR5* ECONOMY COMES 9 = SU* CONSI/5T BA%+ PRECISELY BECAUSE IT %[S ?AT OV]ALL GOOD /&>DS ( LIV+ >E POSSIBLE )\T ! RI* GETT+ RI*] & ! WORK]S BE+ TURN$ 9TO S]FS4 ,BY %[+ ?AT !RE IS MORE TO LIFE ?AN WORK & BY REFUT+ ONE ( ! KEY JU/IFICATIONS = UNBRIDL$ CAPITALISM & CLASS W> ! RI* >E C>RY+ \T - & W9N+ - 9 ! ,U,K & ,U,S,A1 ,FRANCE 7& ,EUROPE 9 G5]AL7 MU/ BE DEMONIZ$4 

,! NOTION ?AT ORD9>Y PEOPLE >E 5JOY+ !MSELVES RA!R ?AN S]V+ ! ECONOMIC MA*9E IS ONE ?AT CANNOT BE TOL]AT$ - AS IS ! NOTION ( WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE FI<T+ = !IR RI<TS4 ,9 RESPONSE TO ! ,C,P,E PROTE/S 9 #b#f1 ,AM]ICAN J\RNALI/ ,ELA9E ,SCIOL9O COMPLA9$ ?AT 0! GOV]NM5T SEEMS TO FE> ITS PEOPLE2 ! PEOPLE SEEM TO FE> *ANGE40 7,M>* #ag #bf ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES74 ,SU* >E ! CONTRADICTIONS ( NEO-LIB]ALISM4 ,:ILE PROCLAIM+ ! NE$ TO R$UCE /ATE 9T]V5TION1 IT REQUIRES 9CREAS$ /ATE P[] TO IMPOSE ITS AG5DA4 ,IT NE$S TO MAKE PEOPLE FE> !IR GOV]NM5T & FE> = !IR JOBS4 ,ONCE ?AT HAS BE5 A*IEV$1 !N PEOPLE :O ACCEPT 0*ANGE0 7I4E4 ! DECISIONS ( !IR BOSSES1 ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL & POLITICAL7 )\T QUE/ION4 ,?AT ! ,FR5* PEOPLE DO NOT WANT A ,BRITI% OR ,AM]ICAN /YLE LABOR M>KET1 FULL ( L[-WAGE TOIL]S :O S]VE AT ! BOSS'S PLEASURE %\LD NOT COME AS A SURPRISE4 ,NOR %\LD ! NOTION ?AT ELECT$ (FICIALS 9 A SUPPOS$ DEMOCRACY >E MEANT TO REFLECT ! FEEL+S ( ! SOV]EIGN PEOPLE BE CONSID]$ AS UNUSUAL OR IRRATIONAL4 

,CAN ,S>KOZY =CE ! ,FR5* PEOPLE D[N ! ROAD TO 7PRIVATE7 S]FDOM8 ,HE WANTS TO BE ,FRANCE'S ,?AT*] & 0RE=M0 ! ECONOMY 7:I* IS 0ECONOMICALLY CORRECT0 SPEAK = BREAK+ WORK+ CLASS MILITANCY74 ,AS SU*1 IT W\LD BE USEFUL TO REMEMB] ,?AT*]'S ACTUAL ECONOMIC P]=MANCE RA!R ?AN ! 0ECONOMICALLY CORRECT0 N>RATIVE WE HAVE 9H]IT$ FROM ! M$IA & ECONOMIC 0EXP]TS40 ,:5 ,?AT*] CAME TO (FICE %E DID SO PROMIS+ TO 5D ! MASS UNEMPLOYM5T EXP]I5C$ UND] ,LABOR 7IT HAD D\BL$ DUR+ BETWE5#a#i#g#d & #a#i#g#i74 ,UNEMPLOYM5T !N TRIPL$ 9 H] FIR/ T]M RIS+ TO OV] #c MILLION 9 #aihb 7= ! FIR/ TIME S9CE ! #a#i#cS1 REPRES5T+ #a 9 #h PEOPLE71 9 L>GE P>T DUE TO ! APPLICATION ( ,MONET>I/ DOGMA MAK+ ! RECESSION F> WORSE ?AN IT HAD TO BE4 

,FAC$ ) UNEMPLOYM5T RIS+ TO WELL OV] #a.01 ,?AT*]'S REGIME DID :I* ANY RI<T-W+ GOV]NM5T W\LD - IT *ANG$ H[ UNEMPLOYM5T WAS RECORD$4 ,YET EV5 KNOCK+ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S (F ! (FICIAL UNEMPLOYM5T RECORDS DID NOT /OP ! /EADY RISE 9 PEOPLE LOOK+ = WORK4 ,IT REMA9$ ABOVE ! #aigi ,LABOR NUMB]S UNTIL ! ,CONS]VATIVES LEFT (FICE 9 #a#i#i#g4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 A V]Y DEEP RECESSION1 D\BLE-FIGURE UNEMPLOYM5T = MO/ ( ! DECADE1 DEFEATS = KEY /RIKES & UNIONS PLUS CONT9U$ HI< UNEMPLOYM5T = NE>LY TWO DECADES HAD AN IMPACT ON ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,IT MADE PEOPLE WILL+ TO PUT UP ) ANY?+ 9 ORD] TO REMA9 9 WORK4 ,H5CE ,?AT*]'S 0ECONOMIC MIRACLE0 - ! WORK+ CLASS F9ALLY KNEW ITS PLACE 9 ! SOCIAL HI]>*Y4 

,S>KOZY DOES HAVE SOME DISADVANTAGES COMP>$ TO ,?AT*]4 ,IT IS UNLIKELY ?AT ,FRANCE WILL DISCOV] SUB/ANTIAL DEPOSITS ( OIL & SO HE WILL NOT HAVE ! BOO/ ( ,NOR? ,SEA OIL :I* MITIGAT$ SOME ( ! DE/RUCTION 9FLICT$ BY ,?AT*] ONTO ! ECONOMY4 ,NOR DOES ,FRANCE HAVE A F9ANCIAL C5T] ( ! SAME 9T]NATIONAL CL\T ( ! ,CITY ( ,LONDON :OSE 9FLU5CE 5SUR$ IT PR(IT$ FROM ! FLAW$ POLICIES IT HELP$ 9FLICT ON ! C\NTRY4 ,MONET>ISM IS UTT]LY DISCR$IT$ & SO HE LACKS ! SECURITY ( ECONOMIC IDEOLOGY :I* ,MILTON ,FRI$MAN PROVID$ ! ,?AT*] POLITICIANS4 ,FRANCE IS ALSO 9 ! ,EURO & SO LACKS SIGNIFICANT MEANS ( *ANG+ C5TRAL BANK POLICY AS ,?AT*] HAS4 ,HE CANNOT1 LIKE ,?AT*]1 COMM& ! ,BANK ( ,5GL& TO ATTEMPT ! IMPOSSIBLE TASK ( 0CONTROLL+0 ! MONEY SUPPLY & SO ,FRANCE %\LD NOT BE SUBJECT$ TO ! MASSIVE 9CREASES 9 9T]E/ RATES %E 9FLICT$ ON ,BRITA94 

,CAN ,S>KOZY REALLY 0DO A ,?AT*]0 & TRIPLE UNEMPLOYM5T 9 UND] ?REE YE>S8 ,CAN BE PROVOKE ! DEEPE/ RECESSION 9 ,FR5* HI/ORY S9CE ! #a#i#cS8 ,IS HE WILL+ TO OV]SEE ! DE/RUCTION ( ,FR5* MANUFACTUR+ SECTOR8 ,WILL HE BE WILL+ TO USE ! P[]S ( ! /ATE TO BREAK ! MASS PROTE/S & /RIKES HIS POLICIES WILL1 9EVITABLY1 PROVOKE8 ,?AT DEP5DS ON ! WILL+NESS ( ! ,FR5* PEOPLE TO /& UP = !IR LIB]TIES & RI<TS & SO IMPOSE1 FROM ! /REETS1 ! RE=MS REALLY NE$$ = ! ,FR5* PEOPLE - RE=MS ?AT POLITICIANS WILL NOT OR CANNOT A*IEVE4 

,S>KOZY CLAIMS TO SEEK TO ALT] ! PSY*OLOGY ( ,FRANCE & BR+ BACK ! CONS]VATIVE VALUES ( M]IT1 WORK & AU?ORITY4 ,HE WANTS TO TURN ,FRANCE BACK TO PRE-,MAY #aifh VALUES & *ANGE ! SO-CALL$ SLACK] M5TALITY IT PRODUC$4 ,W\LD ?AT BE ! 0CONS]VATIVE0 ,FR5* VALUES ( ! #aicf FACTORY OCCUPATIONS8 ,OR ! MILITANCY ( ! PRE-,WORLD ,W> ,I REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T8 ,OR ! REBEL VALUES ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a8 ,OR ! DEM&S = 0,BREAD OR ,LEAD0 & 0,LIB]TY OR ,DEA?60 RAIS$ 9 ! #ahdh REVOLUTION8 ,OR ! CRY 0,LIVE WORK+ OR DIE BY FI<T+60 RAIS$ ALONGSIDE ! BLACK FLAG BY ! >TISANS ( ,LYONS 9 #a#h#c#a8 ,OR ! RESPECT = AU?ORITY :I* SAW ! ,BA/ILLE SEIZ$ & ! MON>*Y GUILLOT9$ DUR+ ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ( #a#g#h#i8 

,AS SU*1 ! BE/ WAY = ! ,FR5* PEOPLE TO RESI/ ,S>KOZY IS TO APPLY TRADITIONAL ,FR5* VALUES 9 RESPECT TO AU?ORITY3 REBELLION6 ,HIS NEO-LIB]AL AG5DA CAN BE DEFEAT$ ONLY BY DIRECT ACTION1 BY /RIKES & TAK+ TO ! /REETS4 ,! PROTE/S AGA9/ ! REC5T ,C,P,E LAWS %[ :AT IS POSSIBLE4 ,! RIOTS & PROTE/S :I* ]UPT$ 9 MANY CITIES )9 H\RS ( ! ELECTION RESULT %[S ?AT ?IS SPIRIT REMA9S6 ,ONLY ?AT CREATIVITY1 MILITANCY1 SOLID>ITY & DIRECT ACTION CAN 5SURE ?AT 9 ,FRANCE ! GOV]NM5T CONT9UES TO FE> ITS PEOPLE & NOT ! O!R WAY R\ND4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,NICOLAS ,S>KOZY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,NICOLAS ,S>KOZY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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