,NOTE ON ,HZ'S ,>TICLE1 ',SCI5CE & ,AN>*Y' 

#aibe 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TEXT 3 

444 ,9 HIS LECTURE ( #f ,M>* #a#h#i#f1 TO :I* \R ,NORWEGIAN COMRADE ,HZ REF]S1 ,KROPOTK9 NEI!R EXPLA9S NOR JU/IFIES ! IDEA -- TO ME AN ABSURD & >BITR>Y ONE -- ?AT ,AN>*Y IS 'A CONCEPT ( ! UNIV]SE BAS$ ON A ME*ANI/IC 9T]PRETATION ( PH5OM5A4' 

,KROPOTK9 MAKES OBSCURE & DEBATABLE ANALOGIES BETWE5 SOCIETY & C]TA9 FACTS 7OR SUPPOS$ FACTS7 ( ! PHYSICAL & BIOLOGICAL WORLD4 ,HE MU/ HAVE MADE !M BECAUSE IT WAS ! VOGUE 9 ?OSE DAYS TO RELATE EV]Y?+ TO ',SCI5CE' )\T ATTA*+ GREAT IMPORTANCE TO IT4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ,KROPOTK9 BEG9S BY SAY+3 

',LET ME TAKE SOME EXAMPLES FROM ! FIELD ( ! NATURAL SCI5CES1 NOT TO DRAW \R SOCIAL IDEAS FROM !M -- F> BE IT FROM US TO DO ?AT -- BUT SIMPLY TO CL>IFY C]TA9 RELATION%IPS ?AT >E EASI] TO UND]/& 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! EV5TS OBS]V$ BY ! EXACT SCI5CES ?AN BY SURR\ND+ \RSELVES ) EXAMPLES TAK5 FROM SU* A COMPLEX PH5OM5ON AS HUMAN SOCIETY4' 

,&1 9 FACT1 ONCE HE HAD PAID HIS TRIBUTE TO ! FA%ION ( ! TIME1 HE SUDD5LY1 )\T ANY APP>5T LOGICAL CONNECTION1 W5T ON TO DEF5D AN>*Y ) >GUM5TS D]IV$ FROM ! DESIRE = JU/ICE1 LIB]TY1 ! WELL-BE+ ( ALL -- NONE ( :I* HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) ! NATURAL SCI5CES4 

,MOREOV]1 IF ONE C>ES TO MAKE A RIGOR\S ANALYSIS ( ! CONT5TS ( ,KROPOTK9'S LECTURE1 ONE IS =C$ TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT1 FUNDAM5TALLY1 HE HIMSELF WAS F> FROM BE+ A ME*ANI/4 ',NO?+1' HE SAYS1 '9 :AT WE CALL ! H>MONY ( NATURE IS PREORDA9$4 ,IT CAN BE E/ABLI%$ BY A *ANCE COLLISION4' ,*ANCE8 ,BUT H[ CAN ONE SUPPOSE ?AT SOME?+ OCCURS BY *ANCE )\T ALSO SUPPOS+ A FREE AG5T1 A =CE ?AT1 )\T PRIOR CAUSE1 SUDD5LY APPE>S ON ! SC5E TO ALT] ! /ATIC & DYNAMIC BALANCE ALREADY 9 EXI/5CE8 

,& !N1 :AT IS ?IS H>MONY ( NATURE -- ?IS NATURAL ORD] TO :I* ,KROPOTK9-9SPIR$ AN>*I/S SO FREQU5TLY APPEAL8 ,:AT DO H>MONY & ORD] HAVE 9 COMMON ) ! SOCIAL H>MONY :I* IS ! TRUE GOAL ( AN>*ISM8 

,NATURE BUILDS & DE/ROYS1 GIVES BIR?1 CAUSES SUFF]+ & DEA?1 CREATES LIFE & WORKS 9 SU* A WAY ?AT A LIFE CAN ONLY BE MA9TA9$ AT ! EXP5SE ( O!R LIVES4 ,LOVE & JOY >E NATURAL AS >E HATR$ & PA94 ,ABUNDANCE IS NATURAL AS >E /]ILITY & POV]TY4 ,! CRU%+ ( ! WEAK BY ! /RONG IS A NATURAL PH5OM5ON2 SO >E ! HURRICANE & ! E>?QUAKE1 SO >E CANC] & TUB]CULOSIS 444 ,UPON MY WORD ?IS NATURAL ORD] LOOKS MU* MORE LIKE B\RGEOIS ORD] ?AN TO :AT WE AN>*I/S WANT6 ,ALL ?AT EXI/S & OCCURS 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! WILL & ( HUMAN 5DEAVOR IS NATURAL &1 POSSIBLY1 RESPONDS TO A ME*ANI/IC NECESSITY4 ,BUT IT IS C]TA9LY NOT H>MONI\S1 NOT AT LEA/ 9 ! S5SE ?AT WE GIVE TO ! WORD 'H>MONY' :5 WE 9VOKE IT = ! SALVATION & HAPP9ESS ( HUMANK9D4 

,HZ OBJECTS TO ! PR9CIPLE1 G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ BY ! PHYSICAL SCI5CES1 ( ! CONS]VATION ( 5]GY4 ,HE OBS]VES ?AT 'A LI<T$ C&LE CAN LI<T A ?\S& O!RS )\T BURN+ ITSELF \T MORE QUICKLY1 & A MA*9E DOES NOT WE> \T MORE QUICKLY BY DO+ A USEFUL JOB ?AN BY /&+ IDLE4' 

,)\T CLAIM+ TO UND]/& A GREAT DEAL1 ,I W\LD C]TA9LY NOT BE %OCK$ IF ! PR9CIPLE ( 5]GY CONS]VATION W]E EV] REFUT$4 ,LIKE ANY O!R PR9CIPLE ON :I* SCI5CE IS F\ND$1 IT IS BASICALLY NO MORE ?AN A HYPO!SIS1 EXTREMELY USEFUL = L9K+ KN[N EV5TS 
& /IMULAT+ ! DISCOV]Y ( O!RS4 ,BUT IT FAILS TO GIVE COMPLETE SATISFACTION BECAUSE IT DOES NOT REVEAL TO US :AT 5]GY REALLY IS4 

,IF SOMEONE W]E TO DEMON/RATE ! 9ADEQUACY ( ?IS !ORY & ?US /IMULATE RESE>* & REFLECTION 9 A NEW DIRECTION1 IT C\LD ONLY BE CAUSE = REJOIC+4 ,BUT CRITICISM MU/ BE SUPPORT$ BY FACT & REASON+1 :ILE ! OBJECTIONS ( \R COMRADE SEEM TO ME TO LACK ANY VALIDITY4 

,:5 ! LI<T$ C&LE FLAME COMMUNICATES ITS FLAME TO O!RS1 IT LOSES A LITTLE HEAT EA* TIME IT MAKES CONTACT ) A COLD WICK &1 IF SUCCESSIVE CONTACTS OCCUR TOO FA/ & ! *EMICAL 5]GY RELEAS$ BY ! C&LE 9 ! PROCESS ( TRANS=M+ 9TO HEAT IS TOO RAPID TO COMP5SATE = ! COOL+ PRODUC$ BY CONTACT ) COLD WICKS1 ! C&LE WILL BURN ITSELF \T4 ,9 %ORT1 ! C&LE C\LD LA/ LONG]1 ) A DIMM] & LESS CON/ANT LI<T1 BUT NEI!R IT NOR ! O!R C&LES :I* IT HAS LI<T$ W\LD PRODUCE MORE OR LESS CALORIFIC1 LUM9\S1 ETC41 5]GY ?AN ! 5]GY :I*1 9 O!R =MS1 IS CONTA9$ 9 !IR COMPON5TS & 9 ! OXYG5 ) :I* !SE COMPON5TS COMB9E4 

,A MA*9E DOES NOT WE> \T MORE QUICKLY BY DO+ A USEFUL JOB ?AN BY /&+ IDLE4 ,:AT DOES USEFUL JOB MEAN8 ',USEFULNESS' IS A HUMAN CONCEPT ) NO PLACE 9 RATIONAL ME*ANICS4 ,USEFUL1 USELESS OR 9JURI\S TO PEOPLE AS A MA*9E'S MOVEM5T MAY BE1 IT NEI!R PRODUCES NOR DE/ROYS 5]GY1 BUT SIMPLY TRANS=MS & TRANSPORTS IT4 

,9 ANY CASE1 EV5 IF ! EXAMPLES GIV5 BY ,HZ W]E REALLY TO PROVE SOME PO9T AGA9/ ! CONS]VATION ( 5]GY1 HE W\LD 5D UP ) A CURI\S RESULT3 WI%+ ) ,KROPOTK9 TO EXT5D ! LAW ( ME*ANICS TO ! MORAL & SOCIAL WORLD1 HE W\LD 5D BY REMOV+ IT EV5 FROM ?AT MAT]IAL WORLD 9 :I* ITS REIGN W\LD SEEM 9CONTE/ABLE4 

,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT IF ,KROPOTK9'S DEF9ITION ( AN>*Y IS ACCEPT$1 WE W\LD FALL 9TO AN IRREM$IABLE ILLOGICALITY4 ,IT HAS BE5 SAID ?AT EV]YONE IS FREE TO MAKE !IR [N JUDGM5TS -- I4E4 ?AT EV]YONE MAY BASE !IR REASON+ ON :ATEV] PR9CIPLE SEEMS TRUE TO !M1 EXTRACT+ FROM IT :ATEV] EXP]I5CE OR FANTASY IT MAY SUIT !M TO DO4 ,BUT ONCE ?AT PR9CIPLE HAS BE5 AFFIRM$1 ! CONSEQU5CES ?AT 9EVITABLY FL[ FROM IT >E GOV]N$ BY LOGIC1 ! LAW ( ?\<T :I* 
IS ! SAME = ALL4 

,IF Y\ AFFIRM ?AT 'EV]Y?+ ?AT OCCURS MU/ OCCUR1' 9CLUD+ 9 ?AT EV]Y?+ :AT PEOPLE ?9K & WANT & DO2 IF Y\ HOLD ?AT ?\<T & WILL >E NOT ! PRODUCTS ( ME*ANI/IC =CES1 ( ! COLLISIONS1 :E!R 9EVITABLE OR ACCID5TAL1 ( MAT]IAL ATOMS1 Y\ CANNOT !N GO ON TO SAY ?AT !RE IS A S5SE 9 :I* HUMAN 5DEAVOR CAN ALSO ACT UPON EV5TS -- NOT EV5 BY WAY ( SPE$+ UP OR SL[+ D[N ! RATE AT :I* !Y OCCUR4 ,IF Y\ HOLD ?AT HUMAN BE+S CANNOT DO O!RWISE ?AN !Y DO1 !RE IS NO ACROBATIC FEAT ( LOGIC ?AN CAN GIVE ANY REAL MEAN+ TO ! WORDS FRE$OM & RESPONSIBILITY4 

,TO CONCLUDE1 IF ,KROPOTK9'S DEF9ITION IS TAK5 S]I\SLY1 ALL ?OSE :O 5T]TA9 A VIEW ( ! UNIV]SE :I* DIFF]S FROM ! ME*ANI/IC ONE1 OR :O HAVE NO VIEW AT ALL -- :I*1 ,I FE>1 IS ! CASE ( ?IS WRIT]  -- W\LD BE PLAC$ BEYOND ! PALE ( AN>*ISM4 ,?IS IS C]TA9LY NOT ,KROPOTK9'S 9T5TION1 NOR CAN IT BE ?AT ( \R ME*ANI/IC1 MAT]IALI/ & DET]M9I/ COMRADES4 ,ABOVE ALL1 IT DOESN'T SUIT US4 

,!RE=E1 LEAV+ PHILOSOPHIC UNC]TA9TY ASIDE1 ,I PREF] TO KEEP TO ?OSE POPUL> DEF9ITIONS :I* TELL US ?AT ,AN>*Y IS A =M ( LIV+ TOGE!R 9 SOCIETY2 A SOCIETY 9 :I* PEOPLE LIVE AS BRO!RS & SI/]S )\T BE+ ABLE TO OPPRESS OR EXPLOIT O!RS & 9 :I* EV]YONE HAS AT !IR DISPOSAL :ATEV] MEANS ! CIVILIZATION ( ! TIME CAN SUPPLY 9 ORD] = !M TO ATTA9 ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE MORAL & MAT]IAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,& ,AN>*ISM IS ! ME?OD ( REA*+ AN>*Y1 ?R\< FRE$OM1 )\T GOV]NM5T -- ?AT IS1 )\T ?OSE AU?ORIT>IAN 9/ITUTIONS ?AT IMPOSE !IR WILL ON O!RS BY =CE1 EV5 IF IT HAPP5S TO BE 9 A GOOD CAUSE4 

7,S\RCE3 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION3 ,POLEMICAL ,>TICLES #a#i#b#d-#a#i#c#a1 $IT$ & 9TRODUC$ BY ,V]NON ,RI*>DS4 ,PUBLI%$ BY ,FRE$OM ,PRESS ,LONDON #a#i#i#e47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,AUGU/ #c#a1 #aibe 3 ,NOTE ON ,HZ'S ,>TICLE1 ',SCI5CE & ,AN>*Y' -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,M>* #b#a1 #bba 3 ,NOTE ON ,HZ'S ,>TICLE1 ',SCI5CE & ,AN>*Y' -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,NOTE ON ,HZ'S ,>TICLE1 ',SCI5CE & ,AN>*Y' -- ,UPDAT$4 

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