,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #h 
,S\? ,AM]ICA 

#ahbahb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,GODW91 ,WILLIAM4 ,( ,POPULATION4 ,LONDON3 ,LONGMAN1 ,HUR/1 ,REES1 ,ORME & ,BR[N1 ,PAT]NO/] ,R[1 #a#h#b4 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I,I,I4 

,S\? ,AM]ICA 

,( :AT ,I MAY D5OM9ATE ! ANCI5T HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICA1 WE KN[ 9F9ITELY LESS1 ?AN ( ! HI/ORY ( ,*9A & ( ,9DIA4 ,!SE LATT] C\NTRIES /ILL EXI/ 9 A /ATE V]Y SIMIL> TO !IR ANCI5T /ATE1 & HAVE BE5 MADE ! SUBJECT ( 9VE/IGATION1 ! =M] TO A SUCCESSION ( TRAVEL]S1 & ! LATT] TO A NUMB] ( G5TLEM5 = ! LA/ ?IRTY OR =TY YE>S1 :O HAVE /UDI$ ITS ANCI5T & ESOT]IC LANGUAGE1 & HAVE DEVOT$ A CONSID]ABLE P>T ( !IR LIVES TO ! 9VE/IGATION ( ! ,H9DU POLICY & LIT]ATURE4 ,BUT ! ,SPANI>DS 9 !IR 9VASION ( ,AM]ICA1 W]E1 ,I SUPPOSE1 ! MO/ M]CILESS DE/ROY]S ANY :]E TO BE F\ND 9 ! ANNALS ( MANK9D3 ALL KN[L$GE1 ALL HI/ORY1 ALL ANTIQUITIES SUNK BE=E !IR SAVAGE B>B>ITIES4 ,YET !RE IS SOME?+ SO MU* TO ! PURPOSE ( \R PRES5T 9QUIRY1 9 ! HI/ORIES ( ,MEXICO & ,P]U 9 P>TICUL>1 ?AT #a CANNOT P]SUADE MYSELF TO PASS !M OV] 9 SIL5CE4 

,NO?+ IS MORE SL[ ?AN ! PROGRESS ( NATIONS4 ,! BEG9N+S ( ?+S >E 9VOLV$ 9 IMP5ETRABLE D>KNESS2 & EXCLUSIVELY ( ! LI<T ( REVELATION1 WE CAN ANNEX NO V]Y DI/9CT IDEA TO ! WORD1 BEG9N+4 ,BUT1 ON ?IS SUBJECT ( POPULATION1 ,I %ALL FOLL[ ! EXAMPLE ( ,MR4 ,MAL?US1 & REASON ONLY UPON ! FACTS ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 & SU* PHILOSOPHICAL PR9CIPLES AS WE >E ABLE TO F\ND ON !SE4 ,:AT WE SEEM TO KN[ BE/ ON ?IS SUBJECT1 IS ?AT1 ! FUR!R WE GO BACK1 ! MORE NUM]\S WAS ! POPULATION ( ! GLOBE4 

,! POPULATION ( ! ,NEW ,WORLD1 :5 IT FIR/ BECAME KN[N TO ,EUROPEANS1 IS PUT D[N BY ,MONTESQUIEU & ,MONTAIGNE AT F\R HUNDR$ 0MILLIONS AT ! L[E/4A ,! ORIG9AL DISCOV]]S >E AT A LOSS = EXPRESSIONS TO DO JU/ICE TO :AT !Y SAW4 ,!Y TELL US1 ?AT ! CONT95T ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA SW>M$ ) HUMAN BE+S AS AN ANT-HILL DOES ) ANTS1B & ?AT ! POPULATION REA*$ TO ! UTMO/ EXT5T ( POSSIBLE NUMB]S4 ,! ISL& ( ,HISPANIOLA1 :5 FIR/ DISCOV]$ BY ,COLUMBUS 9 #a#d#i#b1 CONTA9$ ?REE MILLIONS ( PEOPLE1C ?\< AT ! P]IOD :5 ITS HI/ORY WAS SKET*$ BY ! VIRTU\S & ILLU/RI\S ,LAS ,CASAS 9 #a#e#d#b1 ! NUMB] ( ITS NATIVES DID NOT EXCE$ TWO HUNDR$ P]SONS4 

,! ,MEXICAN EMPIRE1 WE >E TOLD1  HAD BE5 F\ND$ ONLY AB\T ONE HUNDR$ & ?IRTY YE>S BE=E ! 9VASION ( ,CORTEZ 9 #a#e#b#a2 & ,MONTEZUMA WAS ! N9? MON>* 9 ! ORD] ( SUCCESSION :O HAD SWAY$ ITS SCEPT]4D ,BUT = ?IS WE NE$ F> O!R EVID5CE ?AN ?AT ( ! SOLDI]S BY :OM ?IS PEOPLE WAS EXT]M9AT$1 & ! PRIE/S1 ! OBJECT ( :OSE FANATICAL ZEAL WAS TO E/ABLI% :AT !Y CALL$ ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION1 UPON ! RU9 ( ALL MONUM5TS & ALL ANTIQUITY ?AT W]E TO BE F\ND 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,! ,MEXICANS1 IT APPE>S1 DID NOT POSSESS ! >T ( WRIT+1 ?\< 9 MANY O!R >TS !Y HAD REA*$ TO A PIT* ( IMPROVEM5T ALTOGE!R SURPRIS+4 ,IT W\LD HAVE NE$$ !RE=E ! OBS]VATION ( TRAVEL]S1 IMBU$ ) ! V]Y S\L ( PHILOSOPHY1 & :O %\LD HAVE SP5T !IR LIVES 9 ! SE>*1 TO HAVE H&$ D[N TO US ! TRUE RECORDS & HI/ORY ( ?IS WOND]FUL PEOPLE4 ,IF ! ,PORTUGUESE HAD BE5 5ABL$ TO BURN1 MASSACRE & EXT]M9ATE ! ,*9ESE NATION1 9 ! MANN] 9 :I* !Y & ! ,SPANI>DS TREAT$ ! 9HABITANTS ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 :AT %\LD WE HAVE KN[N ( ! CURI\S 9/ITUTIONS1 ! GREAT DISCOV]IES1 & ! 5DLESS ANNALS & HI/ORY ( ?AT ILLU/RI\S MON>*Y8E 

,! ,S\? ,AM]ICANS W]E NOT WILL+ TO 0S+ ! ,LORD'S SONG0 9 ! E> ( !IR CRUEL 9VAD]S4 ,!Y W]E NEV] QUE/ION$ ) K9DNESS1 NOR BY G5TLE DEGREES 5C\RAG$ TO CALL =? A FRANK & COMMUNICATIVE SPIRIT4 ,ALL ?AT WE KN[ ( !IR HI/ORY1 WAS EXTORT$ UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( T]ROR1 & LI/5$ TO ) ! SUP]CILI\S SCORN :I* ! BRUTAL CONSCI\SNESS ( SUP]IOR /R5G?1 & ! SANGU9>Y SPIRIT ( BIGOTRY & P]SECUTION >E SO WELL QUALIFI$ TO 9SPIRE4 ,9 NO LONG TIME1 SO COMPLETELY W]E !SE POOR PEOPLE SUBDU$ BY ! H>DHE>T$ AV>ICE ( !IR MA/]S1 ?AT !Y FELT NO PLEASURE 9 RECOLLECT+ :AT ,MEXICO HAD BE51 & ! TALES P]HAPS ( REVOLV+ AGES ( GLORY ?AT !IR 9FANCY HAD HE>D4 ,FROM AN 9DU/RI\S & +5I\S PEOPLE1 AMONG :OM A/RONOMY HAD DEPOSIT$ H] SECRETS1 & ! PR(\NDE/ MY/]IES ( POLICY & GOV]NM5T W]E FAMILI>1 !Y SUNK 9TO A /ATE ( IMBECILITY & HELPLESS DESPOND5CE1 UPON :I* ! WILD & ACTIVE SAVAGE 9 ! WOODS MI<T LOOK D[N ) A WELL F\ND$ S5SE ( SUP]IORITY4 

,H]E !N1 AS WELL AS EV]Y :]E ELSE1 WE >E /RUCK ) ! PR(\ND IGNORANCE :I* HAS EXI/$ ON ! SUBJECT ( POPULATION4 ,! HI/ORIANS ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 TO A MAN1 HAVE F\ND NO DIFFICULTY 9 BELIEV+ ?AT AN EMPIRE1 :I* BOA/$ ?AT IT C\LD LEAD ?REE MILLIONS ( W>RIORS 9TO ! FIELD1F WAS SPRUNG FROM SOME PETTY W&]+ TRIBE1 ?AT ?REE HUNDR$ YE>S BE=E HAD COME D[N 0 FROM SOME UNKN[N REGIONS T[>DS ! NOR? & NOR?-WE/10G & SETTL$ !MSELVES 9 ?IS DELICI\S CLIMATE4 

,FROM ,MEXICO LET US PASS TO ,P]U4 ,NO?+ CAN BE MORE EXTRAORD9>Y ?AN ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ?AT EMPIRE4 ,!Y HAD NO SU* ?+ AS 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY4 ,!Y HAD ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ! RIGID ,SP>TANS1 COMB9$ ) A MILDNESS ( *>ACT] H>DLY TO BE P>ALLEL$ 9 ANY O!R AGE OR C\NTRY4 ,! SURFACE ( ! T]RITORY !Y 9HABIT$ WAS DIVID$ 9TO ?REE EQUAL PORTIONS1 ONE DEVOT$ TO ! S]VICE ( RELIGION1 ANO!R TO ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! GOV]NM5T1 & ! ?IRD TO ! SUBSI/5CE ( ! NATION4 ,! F]TILITY ( ! SOIL1 & ! FAVORABL5ESS ( ! CLIMATE R5D]$ ! LABORS ( ! ,P]UVIANS LI<T4 ,!Y REPAIR$ TO !IR OCCUPATION ) ! S\ND ( MUSICAL 9/RUM5TS & ) SONGS4 ,EV]Y ?+ AMONG !M WAS *E]FUL & S]5E4 ,! MON>* ALWAYS CONSID]$ HIMSELF AS ! FA!R ( HIS PEOPLE1 & WAS REG>D$ ACCORD+LY4 ,! :OLE NATION WAS DIVID$ 9TO DECURIAS & C5TURIES2 & A P]PETUAL VIGILANCE & ADMONITION W]E EX]CIS$ BY ?OSE 9 AU?ORITY ?R\< ! :OLE EMPIRE4 

,IT IS WELL OBS]V$ BY ABBE ,RAYNAL1 ?AT NO?+ CAN BE MORE UNREASONABLE ?AN TO QUE/ION ! TRU? ( ?IS /ORY4 ,:O AMONG ! DE/ROY]S ( ?IS EMPIRE WAS SUFFICI5TLY 5LI<T5$1 TO FRAME A FICTITI\S SY/EM ( POLICY1 SO WELL COMB9$1 & SO CONSI/5T8 ,:]E C\LD HE HAVE BORR[$ ! IDEA ( MANY 9/ITUTIONS 9 LEGISLATION & POLICE1 TO :I* AT ?AT TIME !RE WAS NO?+ P>ALLEL 9 ANY O!R P>T ( ! WORLD8 ,BY :AT MOTIVE C\LD HE HAVE BE5 9DUC$ TO P5 SO BITT] A SATIRE UPON HIS [N EXPLOITS1 & TO DRAW D[N UPON HIMSELF & HIS COMPANIONS ! EXECRATION ( ALL 5LI<T5$ PO/]ITY8 ,W\LD NOT HIS /ORY HAVE BE5 CONTRADICT$ BY A MULTITUDE ( CONTEMPOR>Y WITNESSES1 9/EAD ( :I* WE F9D AMONG !M ! MO/ M>VEL\S CONSI/5CY & CONS5T8H 

,ROB]TSON V]Y PROP]LY REM>KS ?AT AMONG ! ,P]UVIANS FAM9E WAS UNKN[N4 ,! :OLE WEAL? ( ! NATION CONSI/$ 9 ! PRODUCE ( ! E>?4 ,AS ?IS WAS DIVID$ 9TO ?REE EQUAL P>TS1 ONE = RELIGION1 ONE = ! 9CAS1 & ONE = ! PEOPLE1 !RE WAS ALWAYS A SUFFICI5T QUANTITY 9 RES]VE1 :I* ! GOV]NM5T MI<T DI/RIBUTE AS !Y SAW NECESS>Y4 ,! QUANTITY ( SOIL UND] CULTIVATION WAS NOT LEFT TO ! DISCRETION ( 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT WAS REGULAT$ BY PUBLIC AU?ORITY ) PROVID5T ATT5TION TO ! DEM&S ( ! /ATE4I 

,WE KN[ NO?+ ( !IR 9/ITUTIONS RESPECT+ M>RIAGE4 ,BUT ! NEGATIVE EVID5CE ON ?IS HEAD IS ABUNDANTLY SUFFICI5T4 ,NO REASONABLE MAN WILL BELIEVE ?AT !IR LAWS ON ?IS SUBJECT W]E SUB/ANTIALLY DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( ,*9A & ,9DO/AN4 ,WE HAVE NO ACC\NT ( ABORTIONS1 OR ! EXPOS+ ( 9FANTS4 ,WE KN[ ?AT AT NO TIME WAS !RE ANY DEFICI5CY ( PROVISIONS4 ,! ,P]UVIAN GOV]NM5T WAS DI/+UI%$ FROM ALL O!RS1 BY ITS PAT]NAL C>E & T5D]NESS T[>DS ! PEOPLE4 ,&1 AS ! :OLE WEAL? ( ! /ATE CONSI/$ 9 ! FRUITS ( ! E>?1 IT FOLL[S ?AT EV]Y ADDITIONAL LABOR] GIV5 TO ! COMMUNITY1 WAS SO MU* ADD$ TO ! G5]AL /OCK4 

,SU* WAS ! POPULATION ( ! ,NEW ,WORLD1 AT ! DISA/R\S MOM5T :5 A NATIVE ( ,EUROPE FIR/ SET HIS FOOT ON H] %ORES4 ,! DEPOPULATION WAS SO RAPID1 ?AT HUMAN IMAG9ATION F9DS ITSELF 9CAPABLE ( KEEP+ PACE ) IT4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,LAS ,CASAS1K :O RELATES ONLY :AT HE HAD EV]Y DAY AN OPPORTUNITY TO SEE1 NO?+ CAN EXCE$ ! WANTON FOLLY & BRUTALITY ) :I* ! ,SPANI>DS AT FIR/ DE/ROY$ H] 9HABITANTS M]ELY = !IR SPORT4 ,IF IT BE TRUE1 AS HE HAS ASS]T$1 ?AT 9 FIFTY YE>S ?REE MILLIONS ( ! 9HABITANTS ( ,HISPANIOLA W]E R$UC$ TO TWO HUNDR$ 7& NO O!R AU?ORITY DISS5TS FROM HIS1 AT LEA/ AS TO ! F9AL T]M ( ! PROGRESSION71 IT IS SU* A WA/E ( HUMAN LIFE1 AS P]HAPS NO O!R P]IOD ( HI/ORY CAN PRODUCE4L 

,! ORIG9AL POPULATION H[EV] ( ,MEXICO & ,P]U HAS NOT BE5 ABSOLUTELY EXT]M9AT$1 AS WAS ! CASE ) ! 9HABITANTS F\ND BY ! ,SPANI>DS 9 ! ,GREAT] ,ANTILLES4 ,ROB]TSON E/IMATES ! NUMB] ( ,9DIANS1 ACCORD+ TO ! LATE/ ACC\NTS1 9 ,MEXICO AT #b111 & 9 ,P]U AT #b1#e14M 

0,9 PROPORTION10 ACCORD+ TO ?IS AU?OR1 0AS ! ,SPANI% C\RT DISCOV]$ ! IMPORTANCE ( ITS ,AM]ICAN POSSESSIONS1 ! NECESSITY ( NEW MODEL+ !IR :OLE ADM9I/RATION BECAME OBVI\S4 ,!RE WAS O!RWISE REASON TO APPREH5D ?AT1 9/EAD ( POSSESS+ C\NTRIES PEOPL$ TO SU* A DEGREE AS TO BE SUSCEPTIBLE ( PROGRESSIVE IMPROVEM5T1 ,SPA9 W\LD SOON REMA9 PROPRIETOR ONLY ( A VA/ UN9HABIT$ DES]T40N 0,! C\RT ( ,MADRID10 HE ADDS1 0BEGAN AT ?IS TIME TO DISPLAY A HUMANE SOLICITUDE & T5D] CONC]N = ! GOOD TREATM5T ( ! NATIVES40O 0,9 NO CODE ( LAWS10 HE ASS]TS1 0 IS A GREAT] ATT5TION MANIFE/$1 OR PRECAUTIONS MULTIPLI$ ) MORE PRUD5T CONC]N1 = ! PRES]VATION1 ! SECURITY1 & ! HAPP9ESS ( ! SUBJECT1 ?AN WE DISCOV] 9 ! COLLECTION ( ! ,SPANI% LAWS = ! ,9DIES40 ,AMONG ! 9/ANCES ( ?IS1 HE SPECIFIES ! 0HOSPITALS :I* HAVE BE5 ]ECT$ 9 ,LIMA1 9 ,CUSCO1 & 9 ,MEXICO1 :]E ! ,9DIANS >E TREAT$ ) T5D]NESS & HUMANITY40P ,TO ?IS ,I MAY ADD FROM ,MONTESQUIEU1 ?AT 0 ! ,SPANI% ADM9I/RATORS WILL NOT SUFF] ANY NATIVE ABOVE FIFTE5 YE>S ( AGE TO LIVE UNM>RI$2 NAY1 ?AT ! SET TIME ( W$LOCK APPO9T$ = !M IS1 AT F\RTE5 YE>S = ! MALE1 & ?IRTE5 = ! FEMALE40 

,9 ?IS BRIEF REVIEW ( ! HI/ORY ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA !RE >E MANY ?+S WOR?Y ( \R OBS]VATION4 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 WE >E /RUCK ) ! CONSID]ATION1 H[ LITTLE ! 9HABITANTS ( ! ,NEW ,WORLD1 AS WELL AS ( ALL O!R P>TS ( ! GLOBE1 W]E AW>E ( ! MIS*IEFS ( OV]POPULATION4 ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 SAYS ,LAS ,CASAS1 0 WAS F\ND BY US1 SW>M+ ) HUMAN BE+S1 AS AN AN?ILL SW>MS ) ANTS40 ,TO BE SURE WE >E TOLD ?AT ! ,S\? ,AM]ICANS W]E A V]Y UNREF9+ & UNREFLECT+ PEOPLE2 BUT YET ONE W\LD HAVE ?\<T ?AT SO BROAD & GL>+ AN EVIL C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 OV]LOOK$ BY !M4 ,! MOM5T A SMALL NUMB] ( VORACI\S ,EUROPEANS CAME AMONG !M1 !Y FELT ! S]I\SNESS ( ! GRIEVANCE4 ,BUT1 TILL !N1 !Y APPE> TO HAVE DONE EXTREMELY WELL4 ,!Y DID NOT TE> EA* O!R TO PIECES1 TO SEE :O %\LD OBTA9 POSSESSION ( ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE4 ,!Y W]E NOT AW>E ( ! TREM5D\S CONSEQU5CES ( HAV+ A FAMILY4 ,! 9HABITANTS ( ! ,GREAT] ,ANTILLES APPE> TO HAVE BE5 ! MILDE/ & MO/ 9(F5SIVE PEOPLE ANY :]E TO BE READ (4 ,! 9NOC5CE ( ! ,P]UVIANS HAS GR[N 9TO A PROV]B4 ,ALL WAS RI<T & S]5E & PROSP]\S AMONG !M1 EV5 BY ! CONFESSION ( ?OSE V]Y M>AUD]S BY :OM ?IS FAIR SC5E ( ?+S WAS = EV] SUBV]T$4 ,IT IS SUFFICI5TLY MEMORABLE1 ?AT 9 ALL ! MO/ POPUL\S P>TS ( ! GLOBE1 ! POLICY ( DISC\NT5ANC+ M>RIAGE WAS NEV] ONCE ?\<T (1 BUT ! CONTR>Y4 ,?IS EXP$I5T = 9CREAS+ ! HAPP9ESS ( ! HUMAN RACE1 IS A CONCEPTION1 ! ORIG9ALITY ( :I* IS FAIRLY ASCRIBABLE TO ,MR4 ,MAL?US4 

,IT IS PROP] H[EV] ?AT 9 ?IS PLACE WE %\LD ONCE AGA9 APPLY ! CALCULATION1 :I* ,I REG>D AS ONE MA9 CRIT]ION ( ! TRU? OR FALSEHOOD ( ! PR9CIPLE ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION4 ,HISPANIOLA CONTA9$ ?REE MILLIONS ( 9HABITANTS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 TO EA* G5]ATION ( !SE 9HABITANTS MU/ BE BORN SIX MILLIONS ( *ILDR52 & ( !SE *ILDR51 SUPPOS+ ! POPULATION TO BE AT A /&1 F\R MILLIONS & A HALF MU/ P]I% UND] ! AGE ( PUB]TY4 ,IS IT POSSIBLE TO IMAG9E ANY ?+1 ?AT REQUIRES A GREAT] DEGREE ( IMPLICIT FAI? TO RECEIVE8 ,! ,HISPANIOLANS W]E 9 A /ATE ( ! UTMO/ SIMPLICITY4 ,!IR F9E CLIMATE & !IR F]TILE SOIL HAD ! EFFECT ( FREE+ !M FROM ALMO/ ALL C>E = TO-MORR[4 ,:]E W]E !Y TO F9D ! VISE & MIS]Y ?AT MI<T OPPORTUNELY DELIV] !M FROM ! BURD5 ( A SUP]ABUNDANT (FSPR+8 ,!Y W5T ON C>ELESSLY1 UNAPPREH5SIVE ?AT !Y /OOD 9 NE$ ( SU* A REM$Y3 BUT ,GOD1 WE MU/ SUPPOSE1 CAME 9 ! NI<T1 & TOOK AWAY !IR *ILDR51 EV5 AS 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,JEWS HE SMOTE ! FIR/-BORN ( ,EGYPT4 ,&1 BE IT OBS]V$1 ?AT ! GREATNESS ( ! NUMB]S ( ! PEOPLE ( ,HISPANIOLA HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! QUE/ION4 ,IF WE REJECT ! ?REE MILLIONS ASS]T$ BY ! ,SPANI% HI/ORIANS1 &1 ) ,ROB]TSONQ R$UCE !M TO ONE MILLION1 WE HAVE !N ONLY TO MAKE A CORRESPOND5T ALT]ATION 9 ! FIGURES ABOVE /AT$1 ! EFFECT WILL REMA9 ! SAME4 

,ANO!R OBS]VATION ?AT \<T NOT TO BE PASS$ OV] 9 SIL5CE1 IS ! FACILITY ) :I* ?IS POPULATION WAS R$UC$4 ,9 #adib ,HISPANIOLA CONTA9$ ?REE MILLIONS ( ,9DIANS4 ,!SE >E GRADUALLY TRAC$ BY ,ROB]TSON AS DECREAS+ TO #f11 TO #a#d11 & 9 NO LONG TIME AS BE+ :OLLY 0EXTIRPAT$0 & 0 EXT+UI%$40R ,SU* DEPOPULATION W\LD MAKE EV]Y IMP>TIAL FRI5D TO ! HUMAN RACE ?9K S]I\SLY :E!R !RE MI<T NOT BE SOME DANG] ON ?AT SIDE ( ! QUE/ION4 

,! NEXT ?+ ?AT /RIKES US 9 ?IS SURVEY ( ! ,S\? ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY IS ! RESULTS ATT5D+ UPON ! P]MAN5T ADM9I/RATION ( ! ,SPANI% VISE-ROYALTIES ( ,MEXICO & ,P]U1 :5 ! FIR/ VIOL5CE ( CONQUE/ & CRUELTY HAD PASS$ AWAY4 ,! ATT5TION ( ! GOV]NM5T HAS N[ BE5 DIRECT$ = MORE ?AN TWO HUNDR$ & FIFTY YE>S1 TO ! KEEP+ UP OR 9CREAS+ BY EV]Y MEANS !Y CAN DEVISE ! NUMB]S ( ! NATIVE RACE4 ,BUT1 NOT)/&+ ALL ! 0 HUMANE SOLICITUDE & T5D] CONC]N0 ?AT HAVE BE5 LAVI%$ = ?IS PURPOSE1 NOT)/&+ ! EXCELL5CE ( !IR CODE ( LAWS1 & ! EXEMPL>Y CONDUCT ( !IR HOSPITALS1 TO :I* WE MU/ ADD ! PROVISIONS BY :I* E>LY M>RIAGE IS UNIV]SALLY 9=C$1 IT WILL1 ,I SUPPOSE1 BE ADMITT$1 ?AT ! NATIVE RACE HAS NOT BE5 AT BE/ ANY WISE 9CREAS$ DUR+ !SE TWO HUNDR$ & FIFTY YE>S4 

,! SAME OBS]VATION MAY BE APPLI$ ON ! SUBJECT ( NEGRO SLAV]Y1 AS IT EXI/S 9 ,AM]ICA & ! ,WE/ ,9DIES4 ,A MULTITUDE ( PRECAUTIONS HAVE BE5 EMPLOY$1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 :]E ! ,SPANI% POLICY RATES ! NEGROES AS A SUP]IOR CLASS ( M5 TO ! DESC5DANTS ( ! ANCI5T HOLD]S ( ! EMPIRES ( ,MEXICO & ,P]U1S TO MULTIPLY ! RACE1 BUT ALWAYS ) 9ADEQUATE SUCCESS4 ,A CON/ANT SUCCESSION ( NEW IMPORTATIONS FROM ,AFRICA HAS BE5 JUDG$ TO BE 9DISP5SABLE4 

,LA/LY1 IT IS BUT JU/ ?AT SOME NOTICE %\LD BE TAK5 ( ! EFFECTS PRODUC$ UPON ! MO!R-C\NTRY1 BY ! TIDE ( EMIGRATION TO ,SPANI% ,AM]ICA ?AT !N PREVAIL$4 ,?IS IS AN EXP]IM5T ?AT IS PA/ & OV]2 & IT IS REASONABLE ?AT WE %\LD 5DEAVOR TO D]IVE FROM IT SU* 9/RUCTION AS MAY BE APPLICABLE TO ! SIMIL> TIDE ( EMIGRATION ?AT HAS N[ BE5 FL[+ = AT LEA/ FIFTY YE>S TO ! ,5GLI% SETTLEM5TS 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 

,ONE ( ! MO/ NOTORI\S FACTS ( MOD]N HI/ORY IS ! TREM5D\S /ATE ( WEAKNESS & DEPOPULATION ?AT HAS *>ACT]IZ$ ! ,SPANI% NATION = ! LA/ TWO HUNDR$ YE>S4 ,VOLTAIRE SAYS1 0 ,IF ! DISCOV]Y ( ,AM]ICA WAS A S\RCE ( PRES5T ADVANTAGE TO ,SPA91 IT ALSO 9FLICT$ ON H] GREAT CALAMITIES4 ,ONE ( !SE WAS ! DEPOPULATION ( ! P>5T-/ATE BY ! NUMB] ( EMIGRANTS NECESS>Y TO GIVE /ABILITY TO H] COLONIES40T ,! FOLL[+ IS ! VIEW ,ROB]TSON EXHIBITS ( ?IS *ANGE4U 0,! ,SPANI>DS1 9TOXICAT$ ) ! WEAL? :I* FL[$ 9 ANNUALLY UPON !M1 DES]T$ ! PA?S ( 9DU/RY TO :I* !Y HAD BE5 ACCU/OM$1 & REPAIR$ ) EAG]NESS TO ! REGIONS FROM :I* ?IS OPUL5CE ISSU$4 ,BY ?IS RAGE ( EMIGRATION ! /R5G? ( ! COLONIES WAS AUGM5T$1 BY EXHAU/+ ?AT ( ! MO!R-C\NTRY40U ,& AGA91 0 ,! 9CONSID]ATE BIGOTRY ( ,PHILIP ,I,I,I EXPELL$ AT ONCE NE> A MILLION ( HIS MO/ 9DU/RI\S SUBJECTS .<! ,MOORS.>1 AT ! V]Y TIME :5 ! EXHAU/$ /ATE ( ! K+DOM REQUIR$ SOME EXTRAORD9>Y EX]TION ( POLITICAL WISDOM1 TO AUGM5T ITS NUMB]S1 & TO REVIVE ITS /R5G?40 

A4 ,LTTTRET ,P]IANNET1 ,LETTRE  #a#h3 ,MONTAIGNE1 ,LIV4 ,I,I,I4 ,*AP4 VI4 ,IT WILL ( C\RSE BE UND]/OOD ?AT ,I PLACE NO RELIANCE ON !SE NUMB]S4 ,IT IS CONTR>Y TO EV]Y IDEA ,I 5T]TA9 ON ! SUBJECT1 TO SUPPOSE ?AT ANY ?+ CAN BE PRECISELY KN[N RESPECT+ IT1 UNLESS AFT] A LONG & PATI5T 9VE/IGATION1 *ECK+ EV]Y PREC$+ REPORT BY ! REPORTS :I* FOLL[1 & ! D$UCTIONS :I* SU* COLLATION %ALL AF=D4 ,I !RE=E M]ELY TAKE ! FIGURES ABOVE PUT D[N1 AS ! REPRES5TATIVE ( SOME V]Y HI<1 BUT UNC]TA9 NUMB]1 & AS /&+ = ! TE/IMONY ( ALL ?OSE :O FIR/ VISIT$ ,AM]ICA1 ( :ATEV] CLASS OR D5OM9ATION1 H[EV] B>B>\S1 OR H[EV] HUMANE1 AS TO ! EXTRAORD9>Y POPULATION ( ! C\NTRIES !Y SAW4 

B ,LAS ,CASAS1 ,DE/RUYCION DE LAS ,9DIAS4 

C ,IBID4  ,VOLTAIRE1 ,HIITOIRT ,G5]ATE1 ,*AP4 #a#i#b4 

D ,ROB]TSON1 ,HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICA1 ,BOOK ,V,I,I4 

E ,RAYNAL1 ,LIV4 ,V,I4 

F ,DE ,SOLIS1 ,BOOK ,I,I,I1 ,*AP4 XVI4 

G ,ROB]TSON1 UBI SUPRA4 

H ,RAYNAL1 ,LIV4 ,V,I,I4 

I ,ROB]TSON1 UBI SUPRA4 

K ,DE/RUYCION DE LAS ,9DIAS 

L ,P9K]TON1 9 HIS ,GEOGRAPHY1 PROCE$+ UPON ! AU?ORITY ( ,E/ALLA1 ! WRIT] ( A BOOK ( FICTITI\S TRAVELS1 W\LD 
HAVE US BELIEVE ?AT1 0 DEFICI5T AS ! NATIVE POPULATION ( ,P]U IS AT 
PRES5T1 IT WAS /ILL MORE ?9 BE=E ! ,SPANI% CONQUE/40 ,MOD]N ,GEOGRAPHY1 ?IRD $ITION4 ,VOL4 ,I,I4 P4 #e#f#d4 

,HAV+ REF]R$ TO ?IS GEOGRAPH]1 ,I CANNOT DISMISS ! M5TION ( HIM1 )\T A PASS+ OBS]VATION UPON ! SPIRIT 9 :I* HIS ACC\NT ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA IS WRITT54 ,HE SAYS .<P4 #c#d.> 0 ,C]TA9LY ! ,SPANI>DS NEV] SACRIFIC$ MORE VICTIMS ?AN ! ,MEXICANS DEVOT$ TO !IR ,GODS2 & ! CLAMORS ( PRET5D$ PHILOSOPHY WILL (T5 BE F\ND ,9 OPPOSITION TO ! REAL CAUSE ( HUMANITY :I* IT ASPIRES TO DEF5D4 ,! CRUELTIES ( ! ,SPANI>DS MU/ BY C&OR BE P>TLY IMPUT$ TO ! PR(USION ( TORTURE & HUMAN BLOOD :I* EV]Y :]E MET !IR EYES 9 ?IS UNHAPPY C\NTRY2 AS SU* SC5ES *ANGE ! V]Y NATURE ( MAN1 & 9FLAME HIM LIKE ! C>NAGE ( A FIELD ( BATTLE4'' ,TO SAY NO?+ ( ! GROSS MISREPRES5TATION CONTA9$ 9 !SE L9ES1 WILL ,MR4 ,P9K]TON ASS]T ?AT 0! CRUELTIES ( ! ,SPANI>DS'0 W]E GREAT] 9 ,MEXICO1 ?AN AMONG ! 9NOC5T ,P]UVIANS1 & ! H>MLESS ,9DIANS ( ,HISPANIOLA8 

,A FEW PAGES AFT] ?AT 9 :I* HE ?US EXT5UATES 0 ! ,SPANI% CRUELTIES10 ,MR4 ,P9K]TON EXCLAIMS .<P4 #c#b.> AGA9/ ! 9FAM\S PRACTICE ( SMOK+3 0 AF=D+ US BETWE5 ! TWO AN ADMIRABLE EXAMPLE ( HIS NOTIONS RESPECT+ ! MORAL S5SE4 

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