,ON ! ,POLICY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION #ahfi ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 ,TEXT 3 ,PHOTO BY ,I,L,O1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,ON ! ,POLICY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION ,9TRODUCTION ,! ,POLICY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL CONSI/S ( F\R >TICLES WRITT5 BY ,BAKUN9 = ,L',EGALITE1 ! ORGAN ( ! ,FR5*-SPEAK+ LIB]T>IAN ,ROMANCE ,F$]ATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,AUGU/ #g-#b#h1 #a#h#f#i4 ,IT IS WRITT5 9 ! POPUL> /YLE SUITABLE = ! 9TELLIG5T WORK]S ( ! P]IOD4 ,BAKUN9 BEG9S BY \TL9+ 9 SIMPLE LANGUAGE ! MA9 PR9CIPLES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & !N GOES ON TO DISCUSS ! NATURE ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ITS RELATION%IP TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 TO P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 & TO IMM$IATE PROBLEMS4 ,HIS A/UTE REM>KS AB\T WORK+-CLASS POLITICIANS1 B\RGEOISIFI$ WORK]S1 & ! B\RGEOISIE 9 G5]AL >E /ILL COG5T4 ,BAKUN9'S PRACTICAL PROPOSALS %[ H[ WELL HE UND]/OOD ! M9D ( ! AV]AGE WORK]4 ,BAKUN9'S REF]5CES TO 0! ,JUNE DAYS0 & 0! ,DECEMB] DAYS0 REQUIRE SOME ELUCIDATION4 ,! REVOLUTION ,( #ahdh BEGAN ) ! UPRIS+ ( ! ,P>ISIAN WORK]S ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#d4 ,:5 ! GOV]NM5T FELL1 ,K+ ,L\IS ,PHILIPPE ABDICAT$ & FL$ TO ,5GL&4 ,! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC WAS !N DECL>$4 ,:5 ! ,NATIONAL ,WORK%OPS PROGRAM = ! UNEMPLOY$ 7SIMIL> TO ! ,W,P,A PROGRAM ( ,FRANKL9 ,ROOSEVELT7 COLLAPS$1 A NEW UPRIS+ ( HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( />V+ ,P>ISIAN WORK]S WAS CRU%$ BY ,G5]AL ,CAVAIGNAC1 :O HAD BE5 9VE/$ ) DICTATORIAL P[]S BY ! REPUBLICAN ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY4 ,?IS SLAUY CLASSES4 ,HE BANI%$ OR IMPRISON$ ! RADICALS AS WELL AS ! LIB]AL DEMOCRATS & ! REPUBLICAN OPPOSITION1 & E/ABLI%$ 0! REIGN ( ,CAES>ISM & MILIT>ISM0 REF]R$ TO BY ,BAKUN94 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,I4 ,L',EGALITE1 ,AUGU/ #g1 #ahfi ,! ,9T]NATIONAL1 9 ACCEPT+ A NEW MEMB]1 DOES NOT ASK HIM :E!R HE IS AN A!I/ OR A BELIEV]1 :E!R OR NOT HE BELONGS TO ANY POLITICAL P>TY4 ,IT ASKS ONLY ?IS3 >E Y\ A WORK]1 OR IF NOT1 DO Y\ S9C]ELY DESIRE & WILL Y\ FULLY EMBRACE ! CAUSE ( ! WORK]S TO ! EXCLUSION ( ALL CAUSES CONTR>Y TO ITS PR9CIPLES8 ,DO Y\ FEEL ?AT ! WORK]S1 ! SOLE PRODUC]S ( ALL ! WORLD'S WEAL?1 :O HAVE CREAT$ CIVILIZATION & WON ALL ! LIB]TIES ! B\RGEOISIE 5JOY1 %\LD BE !MSELVES CONDEMN$ TO POV]TY1 IGNORANCE & S]VITUDE8 ,DO Y\ UND]/& ?AT ! PR9CIPAL S\RCE ( ALL ! EVILS ! WORK]S MU/ N[ 5DURE IS POV]TY1 & ?AT ?IS POV]TY1 ! LOT ( ALL ! WORK]S 9 ! WORLD1 IS ! NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE ( ! EXI/+ ECONOMIC ORD] ( SOCIETY1 & PRIM>ILY ( ! SUBMISSION ( LABOR TO ! YOKE ( CAPITAL1 I4E41 TO ! B\RGEOISIE8 ,DO Y\ UND]/& ?AT !RE IS AN IRRECONCILABLE ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ! PROLET>IAT & ! B\RGEOISIE :I* IS ! NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE ( !IR RESPECTIVE ECONOMIC POSITIONS8 ,?AT ! WEAL? ( ! B\RGEOIS CLASS IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! WELL-BE+ & FRE$OM ( ! WORK]S1 BECAUSE ?IS EXCESSIVE WEAL? CAN BE F\ND$ ONLY UPON ! EXPLOITATION & SUBJUGATION ( LABOR1 & ?AT = ?IS REASON1 ! PROSP]ITY & DIGNITY ( ! WORK+ MASSES DEM&S ! ABOLITION ( ! B\RGEOISIE AS A CLASS 444 ,DO Y\ UND]/& ?AT NO WORK]1 H[EV] 9TELLIG5T OR 5]GETIC1 CAN FIIAT1 = ! B\RGEOIS %UNS ! COLLECTIVITY1 & ! PROLET>IAN SEEKS ONLY ! SOLID>ITY ( ALL :O WORK & >E EXPLOIT$ BY CAPITALISM4 TO REMA9 ALWAYS FAI?FUL TO ! SOLID>ITY ( LABOR4 ,! LEA/ BETRAYAL ( ?IS SOLID>ITY WILL BE CONSID]$ BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL AS ! GREATE/ CRIME ?AT ANY WORK] C\LD COMMIT2 9 %ORT1 Y\ MU/ FULLY & )\T RES]VATION ACCEPT \R G5]AL /ATUTES & PL$GE Y\RSELF TO CON=M TO !M 9 ALL ! ACTS ( Y\R LIFE4 ,WE ?9K ?AT ! F\ND]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL %[$ GREAT WISDOM 9 ELIM9AT+ ALL RELIGI\S & NATIONAL QUE/IONS FROM ITS PROGRAM4 ,!Y PURPOSELY REFRA9$ FROM 9JECT+ !IR V]Y DEF9ITE ANTI-RELIGI\S & NATIONAL CONVICTIONS 9TO ! PROGRAM BECAUSE !IR MA9 CONC]N WAS TO UNITE ! OPPRESS$ & ! EXPLOIT$ WORK]S ( ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD 9 ONE COMMON EF=T4 ,!Y HAD NECESS>ILY TO F9D A COMMON BASIS1 & =MULATE A SET ( ELEM5T>Y PR9CIPLES ACCEPTABLE TO ALL WORK]S REG>DLESS ( ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC AB]RATIONS /ILL 9FECT+ ! M9DS ( SO MANY TOIL]S4 ,! 9CLUSION ( ! ANTI-RELIGI\S & POLITICAL PROGRAM ( ANY GR\P OR P>TY 9 ! PROGRAM ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 F> FROM UNIT+ ! ,EUROPEAN WORK]S1 W\LD HAVE DIVID$ !M EV5 MORE ?AN !Y >E AT PRES5T4444 ,TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! IGNORANCE ( ! WORK]S1 ! PRIE/S1 ! GOV]NM5TS1 & ALL ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 9CLUD+ ! MO/ LEFT-W+ ( !M1 HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 9DOCTR9AT+ ! WORK]S ) ALL SORTS ( FALSE IDEAS :OSE SOLE PURPOSE WAS TO BRA9WA% !M 9TO VOLUNT>ILY S]V+ ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES AGA9/ !IR [N BE/ 9T]E/S4 ,BESIDES1 ! DIFF]5CE 9 ! DEGREE ( 9DU/RIAL1 POLITICAL1 & MORAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! WORK+ MASSES 9 ! DIFF]5T C\NTRIES IS /ILL TOO GREAT = !M TO UNITE ON ! BASIS ( ONE POLITICAL & ANTI-RELIGI\S PROGRAM4 ,TO MAKE SU* A PROGRAM AN ABSOLUTE CONDITION = MEMB]%IP W\LD BE TO E/ABLI% A SECT & NOT TO ORGANIZE A UNIV]SAL ASSOCIATION4 ,IT C\LD ONLY DE/ROY ! ,9T]NATIONAL AT ! \TSET4 ,!RE IS YET ANO!R IMPORTANT REASON = ELIM9AT+ ALL POLITICAL T5D5CIES1 AT LEA/ =MALLY & ONLY =MALLY4 ,UNTIL N[ !RE HAS NEV] BE5 A TRUE POLITICS ( ! PEOPLE1 & BY ! 0PEOPLE0 WE MEAN ! L[LY CLASSES1 ! 0RABBLE10 ! POORE/ WORK]S :OSE TOIL SU/A9S ! WORLD4 ,!RE HAS BE5 ONLY ! POLITICS ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 ?OSE :O HAVE US$ ! PHYSICAL PR[ESS ( ! PEOPLE TO OV]?R[ & REPLACE EA* O!R 9 ! NEV]-5D+ /RUGGLE = SUPREMACY4 ,! PEOPLE HAVE %IFT$ SUPPORT FROM ONE SIDE TO ! O!R 9 ! VA9 HOPE ?AT 9 AT LEA/ ONE ( !SE POLITICAL *ANGES 444 !IR C5TURY-OLD POV]TY & SLAV]Y W\LD BE LIE NO LONG] CALL$ S]FS4 ,!Y >E PROCLAIM$ FREE M5 1 LEGALLY 5TITL$ TO ALL ! RIY4 ,= ALL B\RGEOIS POLITICS :ATEV] ! LABEL OR COLOR HAVE ONLY ONE PURPOSE3 TO P]PETUATE DOM9ATION BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 & B\RGEOIS DOM9ATION IS ! SLAV]Y ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,:AT WAS ! ,9T]NATIONAL TO DO8 ,IT HAD TO SEP>ATE ! WORK+ MASSES FROM ALL B\RGEOIS POLITICS & EXPUNGE FROM ITS PROGRAM ! POLITICAL PROGRAMS ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,:5 ! ,9T]NATIONAL WAS FIR/ ORGANIZ$1 ! ONLY 9/ITUTIONS EX]T+ MAJOR PRESSURE W]E ! *UR*1 ! MON>*Y1 ! >I/OCRACY1 & ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,! LATT]1 P>TICUL>LY ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE1 W]E UND\BT$LY MORE HUMANE ?AN ! O!RS1 BUT !Y TOO DEP5D$ UPON ! EXPLOITATION ( ! MASSES1 & !IR SOLE PURPOSE WAS ALSO TO FI ! GR\ND4 ,S9CE ALL POLITICS1 AS F> AS ! EMANCIPATION IS CONC]N$1 IS 9FECT$ ) REACTION>Y ELEM5TS1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL HAD FIR/ TO PURGE ITSELF ( ALL POLITICAL SY/EMS1 & !N BUILD UPON ! RU9S ( ! B\RGEOIS SOCIAL ORD] ! NEW POLITICS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,I,I4 ,L',EGALITE1 ,AUGU/ #a#d1 #ahfi ,IT WAS = !SE REASONS ?AT ! F\ND]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL BAS$ ! ORGANIZATION ONLY ON ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S AGA9/ CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION4 ,!Y REASON$ ?AT ONCE ! WORK]S1 DRAW+ CONFID5CE FROM ! JU/ICE ( !IR CAUSE AS WELL AS FROM !IR NUM]ICAL SUP]IORITY1 BECOME 9VOLV$ ) !IR FELL[ WORK]S 9 !IR COMMON /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! EMPLOY+ CLASS1 ! =CE ( EV5TS & ! 9T5SIFICATION ( ! /RUGGLE WILL SOON IMPEL !M TO RECOGNIZE ALL ! POLITICAL1 SOCIALI/1 & PHILOSOPHICAL PR9CIPLES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 PR9CIPLES :I* AYE 9 FACT ONLY ! TRUE REFLECTION ( !IR [N EXP]I5CES & ASPIRATIONS4 ,FROM ! POLITICAL & SOCIAL ANGLE1 ! NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CES ( !SE PR9CIPLES >E ! ABOLITION ( ALL T]RITORIAL /ATES & ! ]ECTION UPON !IR RU9S ( ! GREAT 9T]NATIONAL CONF$]ATION ( ALL NATIONAL & PRODUCTIVE GR\PS4 ,PHILOSOPHICALLY IT MEANS NO?+ LESS ?AN ! REALIZATION ( HUMAN FELICITY1 EQUALITY1 LIB]TY1 & JU/ICE4 ,& !SE IDEALS WILL T5D TO R5D] SUP]FLU\S ALL RELIGI\S FANTASIES & VA9 DREAMS ( A BETT] LIFE 9 HEAV54 444 ,BUT TO PROCLAIM !SE TWO ULTIMATE AIMS PREMATURELY TO IGNORANT WORK]S :OSE M9DS >E POISON$ BY ! DEMORALIZ+ DOCTR9ES & PROPAG&A ( ! ,/ATE & ! PRIE/HOOD W\LD SURELY %OCK & REPEL !M4444 ,!Y W\LD NOT EV5 SUSPECT ?AT !SE AIMS >E ACTUALLY ! TRUE/ EXPRESSION ( !IR [N 9T]E/S1 ?AT ! PURSUIT ( !SE OBJECTIVES WILL LEAD TO ! REALIZATION ( !IR MO/ *]I%$ YE>N+S1 & ?AT PRECISELY ?OSE RELIGI\S & POLITICAL PREJUDICES 9 :OSE NAME !Y SPURN !SE IDEAS >E P]HAPS ! DIRECT CAUSE ( !IR PROLONG$ POV]TY & SLAV]Y4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO CLE>LY DI/+UI% ! PREJUDICES ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES4 ,! PREJUDICES ( ! MASSES 444MILITATE AGA9/ !IR [N 9T]E/S1 :ILE ?OSE ( ! B\RGEOISIE >E BAS$ PRECISELY ON !IR CLASS 9T]E/S4444 ,! PEOPLE WANT1 BUT DO NOT KN[4 ,! B\RGEOISIE KN[1 BUT DO NOT WANT4 ,( ! TWO1 :I* IS 9CURABLE8 ,! B\RGEOISIE1 ( C\RSE4 ,G5]AL RULE3 Y\ CAN CONV9CE ONLY ?OSE :O ALREADY FEEL ! NE$ = *ANGE BY VIRTUE ( !IR 9/9CTS & !IR MIS]ABLE CIRCUM/ANCES1 BUT NEV] ?OSE :O FEEL NO NE$ = *ANGE4 ,NOR CAN Y\ CONV9CE ?OSE :O MAY DESIRE TO ESCAPE FROM AN 9TOL]ABLE SITUATION1 BUT >E ATTRACT$ TO IDEAS TOTALLY AT V>IANCE ) Y\RS1 [+ TO ! NATURE ( !IR SOCIAL1 9TELLECTUAL1 & MORAL HABITS4 ,Y\ CANNOT W9 OV] TO SOCIALISM A MONEY-MAD NOBLE OR A B\RGEOIS :OSE SOLE AMBITION IS TO CLIMB 9TO ! NOBILITY1 OR A WORK] :O IS HE>T & S\L B5T ON BECOM+ A B\RGEOIS4 ,NOR CAN Y\ W9 OV] AN 9TELLECTUAL SNOB1 OR A SELF-/YL$ 0SAVANT0 VAUNT+ HIS SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE AFT] HALF-DIGE/+ A FEW BOOKS4 ,SU* PEOPLE SEE! ) CONTEMPT & >ROGANCE T[>D ! UNLETT]$ MASSES1 & IMAG9E !MSELVES ORDA9$ TO =M A NEW DOM9ANT CA/E4 ,NO AM\NT ( REASON+ OR AGITATION WILL SUCCE$ 9 CONV]T+ !SE MORAL UN=TUNATES4 ,! ONLY EFFECTIVE WAY TO OV]COME !IR RESI/ANCE IS ?R\< ACTION3 TO CLOSE (F ! AV5UES = PRIVILEG$ POSITIONS1 EXPLOITATION1 & DOM9ATION4 ,ONLY ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 SWEEP+ AWAY ALL 9EQUALITY1 CAN MORALIZE !M & BR+ !M TO SEEK !IR HAPP9ESS 9 EQUALITY & 9 SOLID>ITY4 ,?+S >E DIFF]5T ) S]I\S WORK]S4 ,& BY S]I\S WORK]S1 ,I MEAN ?OSE :O >E CRU%$ UND] ! BURD5 ( TOIL2 ALL ?OSE :OSE POSITION IS SO PREC>I\S ?AT !Y CAN NEV] 7B>R+ EXTRAORD9>Y CIRCUM/ANCES7 EV5 HOPE TO ATTA9 A BETT] /ATION 9 LIFE4444 ,ALSO 9 ?IS CATEGORY >E ?OSE R>E & G5]\S WORK]S :O1 ?\< !Y HAVE ! OPPORTUNITY TO RAISE !MSELVES \T ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 PREF] NEV]!LESS TO SUFF] & /RUGGLE ) !IR BRO!R WORK]S AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,SU* WORK]S DO NOT HAVE TO BE CONV]T$2 !Y >E ALREADY TRUE SOCIALI/S4 ,! GREAT MASS ( WORK]S1 EXHAU/$ BY DAILY DRUDG]Y1 >E MIS]ABLE & IGNORANT4 ,YET ?IS MASS1 DESPITE ITS POLITICAL & SOCIAL PREJUDICES1 IS SOCIALI/IC )\T KN[+ IT4 ,BECAUSE ( ITS SOCIAL POSITION1 IT IS MORE TRULY SOCIALI/ ?AN ALL ! SCI5TIFIC & B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S COMB9$4 ,IT IS SOCIALI/IC BY VIRTUE ( ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS & ! NE$S ( ITS BE+1 :ILE ! LATT] >E ONLY 9TELLECTUALLY SOCIALI/4 ,9 REAL LIFE1 ! MAT]IAL NE$S EX]T A MU* GREAT] P[] ?AN ! NE$S ( ! 9TELLECT1 :I* >E ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E ! EXPRESSION ( ! BE+1 ! REFLECTION ( ! SUCCESSIVE DEVELOPM5TS ( LIFE1 BUT NEV] ITS VITAL PR9CIPLE 444 ,:AT ! WORK]S LACK IS NOT A S5SE ( REALITY OR SOCIALI/ ASPIRATIONS BUT ONLY SOCIALI/ ?\T1 EV]Y WORK] ASPIRES TO A FULL LIFE1 TO MAT]IAL WELL-BE+ & 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T1 BAS$ ON JU/ICE OR EQUALITY = EV]Y HUMAN BE+ LONG+ TO LIVE & WORK 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( FRE$OM4 ,OBVI\SLY ?IS IDEAL CANNOT BE REALIZ$ UND] ! PRES5T SOCIAL SY/EM1 BAS$ AS IT IS ON ! CYNICAL EXPLOITATION ( ! TOIL+ MASSES4 ,S9CE HIS EMANCIPATION CAN BE ATTA9$ ONLY BY ! OV]?R[ ( ! EXI/+ SOCIAL ORD]1 EV]Y E>NE/ WORK] IS POT5TIALLY A REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/4 ,! SE$S ( SOCIALI/ ?\E SUBCONSCI\SLY PLANT$ 9 ! M9D ( EV]Y S]I\S WORK]4 ,! SOCIALI/ AIM IS TO MAKE ! WORK] FULLY CONSCI\S ( :AT HE WANTS1 TO AWAK5 9 HIM AN 9TELLIG5CE :I* WILL CORRESPOND TO HIS 9N] YE>N+S4 ,ONCE ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ! WORK]S IS RAIS$ TO ! LEVEL ( :AT !Y 9/9CTIVELY FEEL1 !IR WILL IS B\ND TO BE CONC5TRAT$ & !IR P[] IRRESI/IBLE4 ,IT IS AXIOMATIC ?AT IGNORANCE & RELIGI\S & POLITICAL PREJUDICES 444 SL[ UP ! DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS 9TELLIG5CE AMONG ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,H[ TO DISSIPATE ?IS IGNORANCE8 ,H[ TO ROOT \T !SE PREJUDICES8 ,BY $UCATION8 ,BY PROPAG&A8 ,PROPAG&A & $UCATION >E EXCELL5T BUT 9SUFFICI5T MEANS4 ,! ISOLAT$ WORK] WEI<$ D[N BY TOIL & DAILY C>ES CANNOT ATT5D TO HIS $UCATION4 ,& :O WILL MAKE ?IS PROPAG&A8 ,WILL IT BE A H&FUL ( SOCIALI/S BUT LATELY EM]G$ FROM !IR B\RGEOIS 5VIRONM5T8 ,!Y >E UND\BT$LY D$ICAT$ & MOTIVAT$ BY G5]\S IMPULSES1 BUT F> TOO FEW 9 NUMB] TO ADEQUATELY PROPAG&IZE ! MASSES4 ,BESIDES1 ! WORK]S WILL RECEIVE GU>D$LY AT BE/ ! PROPAG&A ( 9TELLECTUALS :O COME FROM A TOTALLY DIFF]5T & HO/ILE SOCIAL BACKGR\ND4 ,! PREAMBLE ( ! /ATUTES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL /ATES3 0,! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S IS ! TASK ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES40 ,IT IS ABSOLUTELY RIE UNABLE TO GRASP ! IMPLICATIONS ( ?IS PR9CIPLE4 ,! ONLY WAY = ! WORK]S TO LE>N !ORY IS ?R\< PRACTICE3 EMANCIPATION ?R\< PRACTICAL ACTION4 ,IT REQUIRES ! FULL SOLID>ITY ( ! WORK]S 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ !IR BOSSES1 ?R\< ! TRADE UNIONS & ! BUILD+ UP ( RESI/ANCE .4 ,I,I,I4 ,L',EGALITE1 ,AUGU/ #b#a1 #a#h#f#i2 ,IF ! ,9T]NATIONAL FROM ITS 9CEPTION TOL]AT$ ! REACTION>Y POLITICAL & RELIGI\S IDEAS ( ! WORK]S :O JO9$ IT1 IT WAS NOT BECAUSE IT WAS BY ANY MEANS 9DIFF]5T T[>D !SE IDEAS4 ,AS ,I HAVE ALREADY DEMON/RAT$1 IT C\LD NOT BE 9DIFF]5T1 BECAUSE ALL REACTION>Y IDEAS 5T]TA9$ BY ! MEMB]%IP UND]M9E ! BASIC PR9CIPLE & ) IT ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ITSELF4 ,! F\ND]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,I REPEAT1 ACT$ WISELY 9 ADOPT+ ?IS TOL]ANT POLICY4 ,!Y REASON$ 444 ?AT A WORK] 9VOLV+ HIMSELF 9 ! /RUGGLE WILL NECESS>ILY BE L$ TO REALIZE ?AT !RE IS AN UNBRIDL$ ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ! 444 REACTION & HIS MO/ *]I%$ ASPIRATIONS 444 & HAV+ REALIZ$ ?IS1 WILL OP5LY DECL>E HIMSELF A REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/4 ,?IS IS NOT ! CASE ) ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,ALL !IR 9T]E/S >E CONTR>Y TO ! ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY4 ,& IF !IR IDEAS >E ALSO CONTR>Y TO IT !Y >E REACTION>IES1 OR TO USE A T]M MU* MORE 9 VOGUE TODAY1 0MOD]ATES02 !Y WILL ALWAYS REMA9 REACTION>IES & IT IS NECESS>Y TO KEEP !M \T ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,A WORK] CAN RECOGNIZE ! B\RGEOIS :O S9C]ELY SEEKS MEMB]%IP 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL BY ! RELATIONS HE KEEPS UP ) ! B\RGEOIS WORLD4 ,! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! B\RGEOIS CAPITALI/S & L&$ PROPRIETORS1 ?OSE :O HAVE ! C\RAGE TO COME \T OP5LY & MANIFE/ !IR ABHORR5CE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T >E1 AT LEA/1 RESOLUTE & S9C]E 5EMIES & LESS DANG]\S = ! ,9T]NATIONAL ?AN ! HYPOCRITES4 ,BUT !RE IS ANO!R CATEGORY ( B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/ :O IS NOT SO FRANK OR C\RAGE\S4 ,5EMIES ( SOCIAL LIQUIDATION 7! ABOLITION ( AU?ORIT>IAN EXPLOITATIVE 9/ITUTIONS71 !Y1 LIKE ALL REACTION>Y B\RGEOIS1 DEF5D ! 9/ITUTIONS RESPONSIBLE = ! SLAV]Y ( ! PROLET>IAT & /ILL POSE AS ! APO/LES = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! RADICAL & LIB]AL B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S :O F\ND$ ! ,LEAGUE = ,PEACE & ,FRE$OM . BELONG TO ?IS CATEGORY4 ,9 ITS FIR/ YE>1 #a#h#f#g1 ! ,LEAGUE REJECT$ SOCIALISM ) HORROR4 ,LA/ YE>1 #a#h#f#h1 AT ! ,B]N ,CONGRESS1 !Y AGA9 OV]:ELM+LY REJECT$ ECONOMIC EQUALITY4 ,N[1 9 #a#h#f#i1 SEE+ ?AT ! ,LEAGUE IS AB\T TO EXPIRE & WI%+ TO /AVE (F DEA? A LITTLE LONG]1 !Y F9ALLY REALIZE ?AT !Y MU/ DEAL ) ! SOCIAL PROBLEM4 ,!Y N[ CALL !MSELVES 0SOCIALI/S10 BUT !Y >E B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S BECAUSE !Y W\LD RESOLVE ALL SOCIAL QUE/IONS ON ! BASIS ( SOCIAL EQUALITY4 ,!Y WANT TO PRES]VE 9T]E/ ON CAPITAL & L& R5TS & /ILL CALL = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S4 ,:AT IMPELS !M TO UND]TAKE SO HOPELESS & RIDICUL\S A TASK8 ,MO/ ( ! B\RGEOISIE >E TIR$ ( ! REIGN ( ,CAES>ISM & MILIT>ISM1 :I* !Y !MSELVES4 \T ( FE> ( ! PROLET>IAT1 HELP$ TO 9ITIATE 9 ! #ahdh REVOLUTION4 ,Y\ NE$ ONLY RECALL ! ,JUNE DAYS1 PRECURSORS ( ! ,DECEMB] DAYS1 :5 ?IS ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY1 ) ONE VOICE1 CURS$ ! ILLU/RI\S & H]OIC SOCIALI/ ,PR\DHON1 ! ONLY ONE :O HAD ! C\RAGE TO DEFY & EXPOSE ?IS RABID H]D ( B\RGEOIS CONS]VATIVES1 LIB]ALS1 & RADICALS2 NOR %\LD Y\ N[ =GET ?AT AMONG HIS TRADUC]S W]E A NUMB] ( CITIZ5S /ILL LIV+1 & TODAY MORE MILITANT ?AN EV]1 :O RECEIV$ !IR REVOLUTION>Y BAPTISM DUR+ ! P]SECUTIONS ( ! ,DECEMB] DAYS1 & MANY :O HAVE S9CE BECOME M>TYRS TO LIB]TY4 ,BUT NOT)/&+ !SE HONORABLE EXCEPTIONS1 ! :OLE B\RGEOISIE1 9CLUD+ ! RADICAL B\RGEOIS1 HAVE !MSELVES CREAT$ ! V]Y ,CAES>ISM & MILIT>ISM :OSE EFFECTS !Y N[ DEPLORE4 ,AFT] HAV+ US$ !SE ELEM5TS AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT1 !Y N[ WANT TO GET RID ( !M4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE ! REGIME HAS HUMILIAT$ !M & 5CROA*$ UPON !IR 9T]E/S4 ,BUT H[ CAN !Y FREE !MSELVES8 ,!N1 !Y W]E BRAVE & P[]FUL 5\< TO *ALL5GE !M4 ,N[1 !Y >E C[>DLY1 S5ILE1 & IMPOT5T4 ,HELP CAN COME ONLY FROM ! PROLET>IAT4 ,BUT H[ CAN !Y BE WON OV]8 ,BY PROMISES ( LIB]TY & EQUALITY8 ,!SE PROMISES WILL NO LONG] MOVE ! WORK]S4 ,!Y HAVE LE>N$ BY BITT] EXP]I5CE ?AT !SE F9E-S\ND+ WORDS MEAN ONLY ! P]PETUATION ( AN ECONOMIC SLAV]Y NO LESS H>D ?AN BE=E4 ,TO T\* ! HE>T ( !SE MILLIONS ( WAGE SLAVES1 Y\ MU/ SPEAK TO !M AB\T ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION4 ,!RE IS NO WORK] :O TODAY DOES NOT UND]/& ?AT ECONOMIC FRE$OM IS ! BASIS = ALL HIS O!R FRE$OMS4 ,?IS BE+ ! CASE1 ! B\RGEOIS MU/ N[ SPEAK TO ! WORK]S AB\T ! ECONOMIC RE=M ( SOCIETY4 ,! B\RGEOIS MEMB]S ( ! ,LEAGUE = ,PEACE & ,FRE$OM SAY TO !MSELVES3 ,V]Y WELL1 WE MU/ ALSO CALL \RSELVES SOCIALI/S4 ,WE MU/ PROMISE ! WORK]S SOCIAL & ECONOMIC RE=MS1 ALWAYS ON ! CONDITION ?AT !Y RESPECT ! CIVILIZATION & ! OMNIPOT5CE ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 PRIVATE & H]$IT>Y PROP]TY1 9T]E/ ON CAPITAL & ON L&$-PROP]TY1 & ALL ! RE/ ( IT4 ,WE MU/ F9D SOME WAY TO CONV9CE !M ?AT ONLY UND] !SE CONDITIONS WILL \R DOM9ATION BE ASSUR$ & 7/RANGE AS IT MAY SEEM7 ! WORK]S BE EMANCIPAT$4 ,WE WILL EV5 CONV9CE !M ?AT TO REALIZE ALL !SE SOCIAL & ECONOMIC RE=MS1 IT IS ABOVE ALL NECESS>Y TO MAKE A GOOD POLITICAL REVOLUTION1 EXCLUSIVELY POLITICAL1 AS R$ AS !Y C\LD POSSIBLY WI%1 IF NECESS>Y EV5 ) A GREAT *OPP+-(F ( HEADS1 BUT ALWAYS ) SCRUPUL\S RESPECT = ! SANCTITY ( PROP]TY2 AN 5TIRELY ,JACOB9 REVOLUTION2 9 %ORT 444 WE WILL MAKE \RSELVES ! MA/]S ( ! SITUATION & !N GRANT ! WORK]S :AT WE ?9K !Y >E 5TITL$ TO4 ,!RE IS AN 9FALLIBLE SIGN BY :I* WORK]S CAN RECOGNIZE A PHONY SOCIALI/1 A B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/2 IF HE SAYS ?AT ! POLITICAL MU/ PREC$E ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION2 IF HE D5IES ?AT BO? MU/ BE MADE AT ! SAME TIME1 OR %RUGS HIS %\LD]S :5 TOLD ?AT ! POLITICAL REVOLUTION WILL BE MEAN+FUL ONLY :5 IT BEG9S ) A FULL1 IMM$IATE & DIRECT SOCIAL LIQUIDATION4444 ,I,V4 ,L',EGALITE1 ,AUGU/ #b#h1 #ahfi ,I,F ! ,9T]NATIONAL IS TO REMA9 TRUE TO ITS PR9CIPLES1 IT CANNOT DEVIATE FROM ! ONLY ROAD ?AT CAN LEAD IT TO VICTORY2 IT MU/ ABOVE ALL C\NT]ACT ! 9FLU5CE ( TWO K9DS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S3 ! ADVOCATES ( B\RGEOIS POLITICS1 9CLUD+ ! REVOLUTION>Y B\RGEOIS1 & ! 0PRACTICAL M50 ) !IR B\RGEOIS COOP]ATION4 ,! POLITICS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL IS SUMM$ UP 9 !SE WORDS FROM \R PREAMBLE3 444 ?AT ! SUBMISSION ( LABOR TO CAPITAL IS ! S\RCE ( A POLITICAL MORAL & MAT]IAL S]VITUDE1 & ?AT = ?IS REASON ! ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S IS ! GREAT OBJECTIVE TO :I* EV]Y POLITICAL MOVEM5T MU/ BE SUBORD9AT$4444 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT EV]Y POLITICAL MOVEM5T :OSE OBJECTIVE IS NOT ! IMM$IATE1 DIRECT1 DEF9ITIVE1 & COMPLETE ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S1 & :I* DOES NOT CLE>LY & UNMI/AKABLY PROCLAIM ! PR9CIPLE ( ECONOMIC EQUALITY1 I4E41 RE/ITUTION ( CAPITAL TO LABOR OR SOCIAL LIQUIDATION -- ?AT EV]Y SU* POLITICAL MOVEM5T IS A B\RGEOIS MOVEM5T & MU/ !RE=E BE EXCLUD$ FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! POLITICS ( ! B\RGEOIS DEMOCRATS & ! B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S IS BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT POLITICAL LIB]TY IS ! PRELIM9>Y CONDITION = ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION4 ,!SE WORDS CAN HAVE ONLY ONE MEAN+4 444 ,! WORK]S MU/ ALLY !MSELVES ) ! RADICAL B\RGEOIS TO FIR/ MAKE ! POLITICAL REVOLUTION2 & !N1 LAT]1 FIILY0 REMA9 UNT\*$4 ,9 %ORT1 ! CAPITALI/S KEEP !IR WEAL? & ! WORK]S !IR POV]TY4 ,WE WILL BE TOLD ?AT ONCE POLITICAL LIB]TY IS WON1 IT WILL MU* LAT] S]VE ! WORK]S AS ! 9/RUM5T TO W9 EQUALITY & ECONOMIC JU/ICE4 ,FRE$OM IS1 ( C\RSE1 A MAGNIFIC5T & P[]FUL =CE1 PROVID$ ! WORK]S WILL HAVE ! OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE USE ( IT & PROVID$ ?AT IT IS EFFECTIVELY 9 !IR POSSESSION4 ,BUT IF NOT1 ?IS POLITICAL FRE$OM WILL AS ALWAYS REMA9 A TRANSP>5T FRAUD1 A FICTION4 ,ONE MU/ LIVE 9 A DREAM WORLD TO IMAG9E ?AT A WORK]1 UND] ! PREVAIL+ ECONOMIC & SOCIAL CONDITIONS1 CAN REALLY & EFFECTIVELY EX]CISE POLITICAL LIB]TY4 ,HE LACKS BO? ! TIME & ! MAT]IAL MEANS TO DO SO4 ,:AT DID WE SEE 9 ,FRANCE ! DAY AFT] ! #ahdh REVOLUTION1 FROM ! POLITICAL PO9T ( VIEW ! MO/ RADICAL REVOLUTION ?AT CAN BE DESIR$8 ,! ,FR5* WORK]S W]E C]TA9LY NEI!R 9DIFF]5T NOR UN9TELLIG5T1 YET ?\< !Y HAD UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE !Y LEFT EV]Y?+ TO ! B\RGEOIS POLITICIANS4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE !Y LACK$ ! MAT]IAL MEANS NECESS>Y TO MAKE POLITICAL LIB]TY A REALITY2 444 :ILE ! B\RGEOIS RADICALS & LIB]ALS1 9CLUD+ ! CONS]VATIVES1 ! NEWLY M9T$ REPUBLICANS ( ! DAY BE=E YE/]DAY1 & O!R SU* CONV]TS1 CONNIV$ & S*EM$ -- ! ONE ?ANKS TO 9COME FROM PROP]TY OR !IR LUCRATIVE POSITIONS1 ! O!R ?ANKS TO !IR /ATE POSITIONS 9 :I* !Y NATURALLY REMA9$ & 9 :I* !Y 5TR5*$ !MSELVES MORE SOLIDLY ?AN EV]444 ,LET US SUPPOSE ?AT ! WORK]S1 MADE WIS] BY EXP]I5CE1 9/EAD ( ELECT+ ! B\RGEOIS TO CON/ITU5T OR LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES WILL S5D SIMPLE WORK]S FROM !IR [N RANKS4 ,DO Y\ KN[ :AT WILL HAPP58 ,! NEW WORK] DEPUTIES1 TRANSPLANT$ 9TO A B\RGEOIS 5VIRONM5T1 LIV+ & SOAK+ UP ALL ! B\RGEOIS IDEAS & ACQUIR+ !IR HABITS1 WILL CEASE BE+ WORK]S & /ATESM5 & BECOME CONV]T$ 9TO B\RGEOIS1 EV5 MORE B\RGEOIS-LIKE ?AN ! B\RGEOIS !MSELVES4 ,BECAUSE M5 DO NOT MAKE POSITIONS2 POSITIONS1 CONTR>IWISE1 MAKE M54 ,& WE KN[ FROM EXP]I5CE ?AT WORK] B\RGEOIS >E NO LESS EGOTI/IC ?AN EXPLOIT] B\RGEOIS1 NO LESS DISA/R\S = ! ,9T]NATIONAL ?AN ! B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S1 NO LESS VA9 & RIDICUL\S ?AN B\RGEOIS :O BECOME NOBLES444 ,TO URGE WORK]S TO W9 POLITICAL LIB]TY )\T FIR/ DEAL+ ) ! BURN+ QUE/ION ( SOCIALISM 1 )\T PRON\NC+ ! PHRASE ?AT MAKES ! B\RGEOISIE TREMBLE -- SOCIAL LIQUIDATION -- IS SIMPLY TO SAY3 0,CONQU] POLITICAL LIB]TY = US1 SO ?AT WE CAN USE IT AGA9/ Y\ LAT] ON40 JU/ AS ! B\RGEOIS SOCIALI/S /RIVE TO ORGANIZE A =MIDABLE CAMPAIGN AMONG ! WORK]S TO W9 POLITICAL LIB]TY1 US+ SOCIALISM AS ! BAIT TO HOOK !M2 SO MU/ ! WORK+ MASSES1 FULLY AW>E ( !IR POSITION1 CL>IFI$ & GUID$ BY ! PR9CIPLES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 BEG9 TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES EFFECTIVELY & CON/ITUTE A TRUE P[]1 NOT NATIONAL1 BUT 9T]NATIONAL1 TO REPLACE ! POLICY ( ! B\RGEOISIE ) !IR [N POLICY2 & JU/ AS ! B\RGEOISIE NE$ A REVOLUTION TO 9/ITUTE !IR [N IDEAL ( FULL POLITICAL LIB]TY UND] REPUBLICAN 9/ITUTIONS1 & NO REVOLUTION CAN SUCCE$ )\T ! PEOPLE 444 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T CEASE PULL+ *E/NUTS \T ( ! FIRE = ! B5EFIT ( ! B\RGEOIS G5TLEM5 & MAKE ?AT REVOLUTION S]VE ONLY = ! TRIUMPH ( ! PEOPLE1 = ! CAUSE ( ALL :O TOIL AGA9/ ! EXPLOIT]S ( LABOR4 ,TRUE TO ITS PR9CIPLES1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION WILL NEV] 5DORSE OR SUPPORT ANY POLITICAL AGITATION :I* DOES NOT AIM AT ! IMM$IATE1 DIRECT1 & COMPLETE ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S1 ! ABOLITION ( ! B\RGEOISIE AS A CLASS ECONOMICALLY SEP>ATE FROM ! GREAT MASS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL WILL NOT SUPPORT ANY REVOLUTION :I* FROM ! V]Y FIR/ DAY DOES NOT 9SCRIBE UPON ITS BANN] 444 SOCIAL LIQUIDATION4 ,BUT REVOLUTIONS >E NOT IMPROVIS$ OR MADE >BITR>ILY1 NEI!R BY 9DIVIDUALS NOR BY ! MO/ P[]FUL ASSOCIATIONS4 ,9DEP5D5T ( ALL WILL & ( ALL CONSPIRACIES1 !Y >E ALWAYS BR\TIFICIALLY ACCEL]AT$4 ,CONV9C$ ( ?IS TRU?1 WE ASK1 0,:AT POLICY %\LD ! ,9T]NATIONAL PURSUE DUR+ ?IS MORE OR LESS EXT5D$ 9T]VAL SEP>AT+ US FROM ! OV]:ELM+ ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION :I* EV]YONE AWAITS80 ,IGNOR+ ALL LOCAL & NATIONAL POLITICS1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL 5DEAVORS TO IMBUE ! LABOR AGITATION ( ALL L&S WIT AN EXCLUSIVELY ECONOMIC *>ACT]4 ,TO A*IEVE ITS IMM$IATE AIM -- R$UCTION ( WORK+ H\RS & HI<] WAGES -- IT PREP>ES = /RIKES1 SETS UP /RIKE FUNDS1 & TRIES TO UNITE ! WORK]S 9TO ONE ORGANIZATION4 .<,LET US 5L>GE \R ASSOCIATION4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 LET US NOT =GET TO CONSOLIDATE & RE9=CE IT SO ?AT \R SOLID>ITY1 :I* IS \R :OLE P[]1 GR[S /RONG] FROM DAY TO DAY4 ,LET US HAVE MORE ( ?IS SOLID>ITY 9 /UDY1 9 \R WORK1 9 CIVIC ACTION1 9 LIFE ITSELF4 ,LET US COOP]ATE 9 \R COMMON 5T]PRISE TO MAKE \R LIVES A LITTLE MORE SUPPORTABLE & LESS DIFFICULT4 ,LET US1 :5EV] POSSIBLE1 E/ABLI% PRODUC]-CONSUM] COOP]ATIVES & MUTUAL CR$IT SOCIETIES :I*1 ?\< UND] ! PRES5T ECONOMIC CONDITIONS !Y CANNOT 9 ANY REAL OR ADEQUATE WAY FREE US1 >E NEV]!LESS IMPORTANT 9ASMU* AS !Y TRA9 ! WORK]S 9 ! PRACTICE ( MANAG+ ! ECONOMY & PLANT ! PRECI\S SE$S = ! ORGANIZATION ( ! FUTURE4.> ,! ,9T]NATIONAL WILL CONT9UE TO PROPAG&IZE ITS PR9CIPLES1 BECAUSE !SE PR9CIPLES1 BE+ ! PURE/ EXPRESSION ( ! COLLECTIVE 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S ( ! :OLE WORLD1 >E ! S\L & LIV+1 DYNAMIC P[] ( \R ASSOCIATION4 ,IT WILL SPREAD ITS PROPAG&A )\T REG>D = ! SUSCEPTIBILITIES ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 SO ?AT EV]Y WORK]1 EM]G+ FROM ! 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL TORPOR 9 :I* HE HAS BE5 KEPT1 WILL UND]/& HIS SITUATION & KN[ :AT HE WANTS & :AT TO DO1 & UND] :AT CONDITIONS HE CAN OBTA9 HIS RIK$ \T BY ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! PEOPLE3 A S]I\S 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION ( WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS ( ALL L&S1 CAPABLE ( REPLAC+ ?IS DEP>T+ WORLD ( /ATES4 ,WE CONCLUDE ?IS FAI?FUL EXPOSITION ( ! POLICY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 BY QUOT+ ! CONCLUD+ P>AGRAPH FROM ! PREAMBLE TO \R G5]AL /ATUTES3 ,! MOVEM5T BR\N+ NOT TO FALL AGA9 9TO OLD ]RORS4 ,! ,POLICY ( ,! ,9T]NATIONAL -- ,ALT]NATE V]SION ,I .<,! ,POLICY WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,EGALITE ,9 #a#h#f#i4 ,IT WAS TRANSLAT$ BY ,K4 ,L4 FROM A ,G]MAN V]SION1 9 #a#i#a#a1 & WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT1 = ,OCTOB] ( ?AT YE> T9D] ! TITLE ( 0,! ,ISSUE40 ,IT IS N[ REPUBLI%$ T9D] ITS ORIG9AL TITLE4-,$4.> "9 "9 "9 0,UP TO N[ WE BELIEV$10 SAYS A REACTION>Y PAP]1 0?AT ! POLITICAL & RELIGI\S OP9IONS ( A MAN DEP5D$ UPON ! FACT ( HIS BE+ A MEMB] ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL OR NOT40 ,AT FIR/ SITY4 ,%E SIMPLY SAYS3 ,>E Y\ A WORK]8 ,IF NOT1 DO Y\ FEEL ! NECESSITY ( DEVOT+ Y\RSELF :OLLY TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & ( AVOID+ ALL MOVEM5TS ?AT >E OPPOS$ TO IT8 ,DO Y\ FEEL AT ONE ) ! WORK]S8 ,& HAVE Y\ ! /R5G? 9 Y\ ?AT ,IS REQUISITE IF Y\ W\LD BE LOYAL TO !IR CAUSE8 ,>E Y\ AW>E ?AT ! WORK]S -- :O CREATE ALL WEAL?1 :O HAVE MADE CIVILIZATION & F\E DOOM$ TO LIVE 9 MIS]Y1 IGNORANCE1 & SLAV]Y8 ,DO Y\ UND]/& ?AT ! MA9 ROOT ( ALL ! EVILS ?AT ! WORK]S EXP]I5CE1 IS POV]TY8 ,& ?AT POV]TY -- :I* IS ! COMMON LOT ( ! WORK] -- 9 ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD -- IS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! PRES5T ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 & ESPECIALLY ( ! 5SLAVEM5T ( LABOR -- I4E4 ! PROLET>IAT -- UND] ! YOKE ( CAPITALISM -- I4E ! B\RGEOISIE8 ,DO Y\ KN[ ?AT BETWE5 ! PROLET>IAT & ! B\RGEOISIE !RE EXI/S A DEADLY ANTAGONISM :I* IS ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! ECONOMIC POSITIONS ( ! TWO CLASSES8 ,DO Y\ KN[ ?AT ! WEAL? ( ! B\RGEOISIE IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! COM=T & LIB]TY ( ! WORK]S1 BECAUSE !IR EXCESSIVE WEAL? IS1 & CAN ONLY BE1 BUILT UPON ! ROBB+ & 5SLAVEM5T ( ! WORK]S8 ,DO Y\ UND]/& ?AT = ! SAME REASON1 ! PROSP]ITY & DIGNITY ( ! LABOR+ MASSES 9EVITABLY DEM&S ! 5TIRE ABOLITION ( ! B\RGEOISIE8 ,DO Y\ REALIZE ?AT NO S+LE WORK]1 H[EV] 9TELLIG5T & 5]GETIC BE MAY BE1 CAN FI AS !Y BELONG TO !IR CLASS7 >E \R DEADLY 5EMIES8 ,NOR ) SU* WORK]S AS HAVE ) DES]T$ !IR [N CAUSE & HAVE L[]$ !MSELVES TO BEG = ! B5EVOL5CE ( ! GOV]N+ CLASS8 ,BUT ) HONE/ M51 :O >E MOV+1 9 ALL S9C]ITY1 T[>DS ! SAME GOAL AS1 Y\8 ,DO Y\ UND]/& ?AT1 AGA9/ ! P[]FUL COMB9ATIONS =M$ BY ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 ! CAPITALI/S OR POSSESSORS ( ! MEANS & 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 & ALL ! /ATES ON E>? -- A LOCAL OR NATIONAL ASSOCIATION -- EV5 IF IT BELONG$ TO ONE ( ! BIGGE/ C\NTRIES 9 ,EUROPE -- CAN NEV] TRIUMPH8 ,DO Y\ NOT REALIZE ?AT1 9 ORD] TO FIE4 ,BUT IF Y\ >E AT ONE ) US1 & SO LONG AS Y\ >E AT ONE ) US1 Y\ WILL WI% TO PL$GE ! :OLE ( Y\R BE+1 BY Y\R EV]Y ACTION AS WELL AS BY Y\R WORDS1 TO ! COMMON CAUSE1 AS A SPONTANE\S & :OLE-HE>T$ EXPRESSION ( ?AT F]VOR ( LOYALTY ?AT WILL 9EVITABLY TAKE POSSESSION ( Y\4 ,Y\ WILL HAVE TO PROMISE3 ,TO SUBORD9ATE Y\R P]SONAL & EV5 Y\R FAMILY 9T]E/1 AS WELL AS POLITICAL & RELIGI\S BIAS & W\LD-BE ACTIVITIES1 TO ! HIIAT AGA9/ ! ,B\RGEOISIE4 ,NEV]1 9 Y\R P]SONAL 9T]E/S1 TO COMPROMISE ) ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,NEV] TO ATTEMPT TO SECURE A POSITION ABOVE Y\R FELL[ WORK]S1 :]EBY Y\ W\LD BECOME AT ONCE A B\RGEOIS & ALL 5EMY ( ! PROLET>IAT2 = ! ONLY DIFF]5CE BETWE5 CAPITALI/'S & WORK]S IS ?IS3 ! =M] SEEK !IR WELF>E \TSIDE1 & AT ! EXP5SE (1 ! WELF>E ( ! COMMUNITY :IL/ ! WELF>E ( ! LATT] IS DEP5D5T OIL ! SOLID>ITY ( ?OSE :O >E ROBB$ OIL ! 9DU/RIAL FIELD4 ,TO REMA9 EV] & ALWAYS LOYAL TO ?IS1 PR9CIPLE ( ! SOLID>ITY ( LABOR3 = ! SMALLE/ BETRAYAL ( ?IS PR9CIPLE1 ! SLIITY1 IS1 9 ! EYES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! GREATE/ CRIME & %AME ) :I* A WORK] CAN SOIL HIMSELF4 ,I,I ,! F\ND]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ACT$ WISELY 9 REFUS+ TO MAKE PHILOSOPHIC OR POLITICAL PR9CIPLES ! BASIS ( !IR ASSOCIATION1 & PREF]R+ TO HAVE ! EXCLUSIVELY ECONOMIC /RUGGLE ( ,LABOR AGA9/ ,CAPITAL AS ! SOLE F\NDATION4 ,!Y W]E CONV9C$ ?AT ! MOM5T A WORK] REALIZ$ ! CLASS-/RUGGLE1 ! MOM5T HE -- TRU/+ TO HIS RI5A AGA9/ CAPITALI/ ROBB]Y3 ?AT V]Y MOM5T1 ! =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES & ! EVOLUTION ( ! /RUGGLE1 WILL OBLIGE HIM TO RECOGNIZE ALL ! POLITICAL1 SOCIALI/IC1 & PHILOSOPHIC PR9CIPLES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,!SE PR9CIPLES >E NO?+ MORE OR LESS ?AN ! REAL EXPRESSIONS ( ! AIMS & OBJECTS ( ! WORK+-CLASS4 ,! NECESS>Y & 9EVITABLE CONCLUSION ( !SE AIMS1 !IR ONE UND]LY+ & SUPREME PURPOSE1 IS ! ABOLITION -- FROM ! POLITICAL AS WELL AS FROM ! SOCIAL VIEWPO9T -- (3 ,! CLASS-DIVISIONS EXI/5T 9 SOCIETY1 ESPECIALLY ( ?OSE DIVISIONS IMPOS$ ON SOCIETY BY1 & 91 ! ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,ALL ,T]RITORIAL ,/ATES1 ,POLITICAL ,FA!RL&S1 & ,NATIONS1 & ON ! TOP ( ! HI/ORIC RU9S ( ?IS OLD WORLD ORD]1 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! GREAT 9T]NATIONAL F$]ATION ( ALL LOCAL & NATIONAL PRODUCTIVE GR\PS4 ,FROM ! PHILOSOPHIC PO9T ( VIEW1 ! AIMS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL >E NO?+ LESS ?AN ! REALIZATION ( ! ET]NAL IDEALS ( HUMANITY1 ! WELF>E ( MAN1 ! REIGN ( EQUALITY1 JU/ICE1 & LIB]TY ON E>?1 MAK+ UNNECESS>Y ALL BELIEF 9 HEAV5 & ALL HOPES = A BETT] H]EAFT]4 ,! GREAT MASS ( ! WORK]S1 CRU%$ BY !IR DAILY TOIL1 LIVE 9 IGNORANCE & MIS]Y4 ,:ATEV] ! POLITICAL & RELIGI\S PREJUDICES ?AT HAVE BE5 =C$ 9TO !IR HEADS MAY BE1 ?IS MASS IS UNCONSCI\SLY ,SOCIALI/IC3 9/9CTIVELY1 &1 ?R\< ! P9* ( HUNG] & !IR POSITION1 MORE E>NE/LY & TRULY ,SOCIALI/IC ?AN ALL ! 0SCI5TIFIC0 & 0B\RGEOIS ,SOCIALI/S0 PUT TOGE!R4 ,!Y 7! MASS7 >E ,SOCIALI/S ?R\< ALL ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( !IR MAT]IAL EXI/5CE1 :]EAS ! LATT] 7! B\RGEOIS ,SOCIALI/S07 >E ONLY ,SOCIALI/IC ?R\< ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( REASON+2 &1 9 REALITY1 ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE HAVE A GREAT] 9FLU5CE OV] ?OSE ( PURE REASON+1 BECAUSE REASON+ 7OR ?\T1 IS LONG+ = A REALLY HUMAN EXI/5CE1 I4E41 MAT]IAL COM=T & M5TAL DEVELOPM5T F\ND$ ON JU/ICE1 I4E41 EQUALITY & LIB]TY = EA* & EV]Y MAN 9 WORK4 ,?IS CANNOT BE REALIZ$ 9 ! EXI/+ POLITICAL & SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 :I* IS F\ND$ ON & B>E-FAC$ ROBB]Y ( ! LABOR+ MASSES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 EV]Y REFLECTIVE WORK] BECOMES A REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/1 S9CE HE IS =C$ TO REALIZE ?AT HIS EMANCIPATION CAN ONLY BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! COMPLETE OV]?R[ ( PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY4 ,EI!R ?IS ORGANIZATION ( 9JU/ICE ) ITS 5TIRE MA*9E ( OPPRESSIVE LAWS & PRIVILEG$ 9/ITUTIONS1 MU/ DISAPPE>1 OR ELSE ! PROLET>IAT IS CONDEMN$ TO ET]NAL SLAV]Y4 ,?IS IS ! QU9TESS5CE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ IDEA1 :OSE G]MS CAN BE F\ND 9 ! 9/9CT ( EV]Y S]I\S ?9K+ WORK]4 ,\R OBJECT1 !RE=E1 IS TO MAKE HIM CONSCI\S1 ( :AT HE WANTS1 TO AWAK5 9 HIM A CLE> IDEA ?AT CORRESPONDS TO HIS 9/9CTS3 = ! MOM5T ! CLASS CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PROLET>IAT HAS LIFT$ ITSELF UP TO ! LEVEL ( !IR 9/9CTIVE FEEL+1 !IR 9T5TION WILL HAVE DEVELOP$ 9TO DET]M9ATION1 & !IR P[] WILL BE IRRESI/IBLE4 ,:AT PREV5TS ! QUICK] DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS IDEA ( SALVATION AMONG ! ,PROLET>IAT8 ,ITS IGNORANCE2 &1 TO A GREAT EXT5T1 ! POLITICAL & RELIGI\S PREJUDICES ) :I* ! GOV]N+ CLASS >E TRY+ TO BEFOG ! CONSCI\SNESS & ! NATURAL 9TELLIG5CE ( ! PEOPLE4 ,H[ CAN Y\ DISP]SE ?IS IGNORANCE & DE/ROY !SE /RANGE PREJUDICES8 0,! LIB]ATION ( ! ,PROLET>IAT MU/ BE ! WORK ( ! ,PROLET>IAT ITSELF10 SAYS ! PREFACE TO \R G5]AL /ATUTE 7,! ,9T]NATIONAL74 ,& IT IS A ?\S& TIMES TRUE6 ,?IS IS ! MA9 F\NDATION ( \R GREAT ASSOCIATION4 ,BUT ! WORK+ CLASS IS /ILL V]Y IGNORANT4 ,IT LACKS COMPLETELY EV]Y !ORY4 ,!RE IS ONLY ONE WAY \T !RE=E1 NAMELY -- ,PROLET>IAN LIB]ATION ?R\< ACTION4 ,& :AT WILL ?IS ACTION BE ?AT WILL BR+ ! MASSES TO ,SOCIALISM8 ,IT IS ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE ( ! ,PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ! GOV]N+ CLASS C>RI$ \T 9 SOLID>ITY4 ,IT IS ! ,9DU/RIAL ,ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD4 ,! ,TWO ,CAMPS .<,! TWO ,CAMPS1 :I* IS H]E 9CLUD$1 WAS TRANSLAT$ BY 0,CRA/9US0 FROM ,BAKUN9'S PREFACE TO HIS PAMPHLET REFUT+ ,MAZ9I'S !ISIC IDEALISM4 ,?IS WORK WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! YE> #a#h#g#a4 ,AT ?IS TIME ,ITALY WITNESS$ ! BREAK+-UP ( ! WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS1 GUID$ BY ! PATRIOTIC SPIRIT1 & SAW ! SPREAD+ ( ! IDEALS ( ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALISM1 AS WELL AS ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ & ! WORK+ CLASS CONCEPTIONS ( LIFE4 ,AFT] NE>LY FIFTY YE>S1 ! VIBRAT+ AUDACITY ( ,BAKUN9'S ?\DNESS1 !IR G5]OSITY >E AS ALIVE AS EV]4 --,$4.> "9 "9 "9 ,Y\ TAUNT US ) DISBELIEV+ 9 ,GOD4 ,WE *>GE Y\ ) BELIEV+ 9 HIM4 ,WE DO NOT CONDEMN Y\ = ?IS4 ,WE DO NOT EV5 9DICT Y\4 ,WE PITY Y\4 ,= ! TIME ( ILLUSIONS IS PA/4 ,WE CANNOT BE DECEIV$ ANY LONG]4 ,:OM DO WE F9D UND] ,GOD'S BANN]8 ,EMP]ORS1 K+S1 ! (FICIAL & ! (FICI\S WORLD2 \R LORDS & \R NOBLES2 ALL ! PRIVILEG$ P]SONS ( ,EUROPE :OSE NAMES >E RECORD$ 9 ! ,ALMANAC DE ,GO?A2 ALL ! GU9EA PIGS ( ! 9DU/RIAL1 COMM]CIAL & BANK+ WORLD2 ! PAT5T$ PR(ESSORS ( \R UNIV]SITIES2 ! CIVIL S]VICE S]VANTS2 ! L[ & HI< POLICE (FIC]S2 ! G5D>MES2 ! JAIL]S2 ! HEADSM5 OR HANGM52 NOT =GETT+ ! PRIE/S1 :O >E N[ ! BLACK POLICE 5SLAV+ \R S\LS TO ! ,/ATE2 ! GLORI\S G5]ALS1 DEF5D]S ( ! PUBLIC ORD]2 & LA/LY1 ! WRIT]S ( ! REPTILE ,PRESS4 ,?IS IS ,GOD'S >MY6 ,:OM DO WE F9D 9 ! CAMP OPPOSITE8 ,! >MY ( REVOLT ! AUDACI\S D5I]S ( ,GOD & REPUDIATORS ( ALL DIV9E & AU?ORIT>IAN PR9CIPLES6 ,?OSE :O >E !RE=E1 ! BELIEV]S 9 HUMANITY1 ! ASS]T]S ( HUMAN LIB]TY4 ,Y\ REPROA* US ) BE+ ,A!I/S4 ,WE DO NOT COMPLA9 ( ?IS4 ,WE HAVE NO APOLOGY TO (F]1 ,WE ADMIT WE >E4 ,) :AT PRIDE IS ALL[$ TO FRAIL 9DIVIDUALS -- :O1 LIKE PASS+ WAVES1 RISE ONLY TO DISAPPE> AGA9 9 ! UNIV]SAL OCEAN ( ! COLLECTIVE LIFE -- WE PRIDE \RSELVES ON BE+ ,A!I/S4 ,A!ISM IS ,TRU? -- OR1 RA!R1 ! REAL BASIS ( ALL ,TRU?S4 ,WE DO NOT /OOP TO CONSID] PRACTICAL CONSEQU5CES4 ,WE WANT ,TRU? ABOVE EV]Y?+4 ,TRU? = ALL6 ,WE BELIEVE 9 SPITE ( ALL ! APP>5T CONTRADICTIONS -- 9 SPITE ( ! WAV]+ POLITICAL WISDOM ( ! ,P>LIAM5T>IANS -- & ( ! SKEPTICISM ( ! TIMES -- ?AT TRU? ONLY CAN MAKE = ! PRACTICAL HAPP9ESS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,?IS IS \R FIR/ >TICLE ( FAI?4 ,IT APPE>S AS IF Y\ W]E NOT SATISFI$ 9 RECORD+ \R ,A!ISM4 ,Y\ JUMP TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT WE CAN HAVE NEI!R LOVE NOR RESPECT = MANK9D1 9F]R+ ?AT ALL ?OSE GREAT IDEAS OR EMOTIONS :I*1 9 ALL AGES1 HAVE SET HE>TS ?ROBB+ >E DEAD LETT]S TO US4 ,TRAIL+ AT HAZ>D \R MIS]ABLE EXI/5CES -- CRAWL+1 RA!R ?AN WALK+1 AS Y\ WI% TO IMAG9E US -- Y\ ASSUME ?AT WE CANNOT KN[ ( O!R FEEL+S ?AN ! SATISFACTION ( \R CO>SE & S5SUAL DESIRES4 ,DO Y\ WANT TO KN[ TO :AT AN EXT5T WE LOVE ! BEAUTIFUL ?+S ?AT Y\ REV]E8 ,KN[ !N ?AT WE LOVE !M SO MU* ?AT WE >E BO? ANGRY & TIR$ AT SEE+ !M HANG+1 \T ( REA*1 FROM Y\R IDEALI/IC SKY4 ,WE SORR[ TO SEE !M /OL5 FROM \R MO!R E>?1 TRANSMUT$ 9TO SYMBOLS )\T LIFE1 OR 9TO DI/ANT PROMISES NEV] TO BE REALIZ$4 ,NO LONG] >E WE SATISFI$ ) ! FICTION ( ?+S4 ,WE WANT !M 9 !IR FULL REALITY4 ,?IS IS \R SECOND >TICLE ( FAI?4 ,BY HURL+ AT US ! EPI!T ( MAT]IALI/S1 Y\ BELIEVE Y\ HAVE DRIV5 US TO ! WALL4 ,BUT Y\ >E GREATLY MI/AK54 ,DO Y\ KN[ ! ORIG9 ( Y\R ]ROR8 ,:AT Y\ & WE CALL MATT] >E TWO ?+S TOTALLY DIFF]5T4 ,Y\R MATT] IS A FICTION4 ,9 ?IS IT RESEMBLES Y\R ,GOD1 Y\R ,SATAN1 & Y\R IMMORTAL S\L4 ,Y\R MATT] IS NO?+ BEYOND CO>SE L[NESS1 BRUTAL LIFELESSNESS4 ,IT ,IS1 9 IMPOSSIBLE 5TITY1 AS IMPOSSIBLE AS Y\R PURE SPIRIT -- 0IMMAT]IAL10 0ABSOLUTE06 ,! FIR/ ?9K]S ( MANK9D W]E NECESS>ILY !OLOGIANS & METAPHYSICIANS4 ,\R E>?LY M9D IS SO CON/ITUT$ ?AT IT BEG9S TO RISE SL[LY-?R\< A MAZE ( IGNORANCE-BY ]RORS & MI/AKES-TO ! POSSESSION ( A M9UTE P>CEL ( ,TRU?4 ,?IS FACT DOES NOT RECOMM5D 0! GLORI\S CONDITIONS ( ! PA/40 ,BUT \R !OLOGIAN1 & META PHYSICIANS1 [+ TO !IR IGNORANCE1 TOOK ALL ?AT TO !M APPE>$ TO CON/ITUTE-P[]1 MOVEM5T1 LIFE1 ,9TELLIG5CE2 &1 BY A SWEEP+ G5]ALIZATION1 CALL$ IT1 SPIRIT6 ,TO ! LIFELESS & %APELESS RESIDUE !Y ?\Y SELECTION -- UNCONSCI\SLY EVOLV$ FROM ! :OLE WORLD ( REALITY -- !Y GAVE ! NAME ( MATT]6 ,!Y W]E !N SURPRIS$ TO SEE ?AT ?IS MATT] -- :I*1 LIKE !IR SPIRIT EXI/$ ONLY 9 !IR IMAG9ATION -- APPE>$ TO BE SO LIFELESS & /UPID :5 COMP>$ TO !IR GOD1 ! ET]NAL SPIRIT6 ,TO BE C&ID1 WE DO NOT KN[ ?IS ,GOD4 ,WE DO NOT RECOGNIZE ?IS MATT]4 ,BY ! WORDS MATT] & MAT]IAL1 WE UND]/& ! TOTALITY ( ?+S1 ! :OLE GRADATION ( PH5OM5AL REALITY AS WE KN[ IT1 FROM ! MO/ SIMPLE 9ORGANIC BODIES TO ! COMPLEX FUNCTIONS ( ! M9D ( A MAN ( G5IUS2 ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL S5TIM5TS1 ! HI ATTRACTION1 >E ALL TO \R M9D BUT SO MANY DIFF]5T EVOLUTIONS ( ?AT TOTALITY ( ?+S ?AT WE CALL MATT]4 ,!SE EVOLUTIONS1 >E *>ACT]IZ$ BY A CLOSE SOLID>ITY1 A UNITY ( MOTIVE P[]4 ,WE DO NOT LOOK UPON ?IS TOTALITY ( BE+ & ( =MS AS AN ET]NAL & ABSOLUTE SUB/ANCE1 AS ,PAN!I/S DO4 ,BUT WE LOOK UPON IT AS ! RESULT1 ALWAYS *ANG$ & ALWAYS *ANG+1 ( A V>IETY ( ACTIONS1 & REACTIONS1 & ( ! CONT9U\S WORK+ ( REAL BE+S ?AT >E BORN & LIVE 9 ITS V]Y MID/4 ,AGA9/ ! CRE$ ( ! !OLOGIANS ,I SET !SE PROPOSITIONS3 ,?AT IF !RE W]E ,I ,GOD :O CREAT$ IT ! WORLD C\LD NEV] HAVE EXI/$4 ,?AT IF ,GOD W]E1 OR EV] HAD BE51 ! RUL] ( NATURE1 NATURAL1 PHYSICAL1 & SOCIAL LAW C\LD NEV] HAVE EXI/$4 ,IT W\LD HAVE PRES5T$ A SPECTACLE ( COMPLETE *AOS1 ,RUL$ FROM ABOVE1 D[NW>D1 IT W\LD HAVE RESEMBL$ ! CALCULAT$ & DESIGN$ DISORD] ( ! POLITICAL ,/ATE1 ,?AT MORAL LAW IS A MORAL1 LOGICAL1 & REAL LAW1 ONLY 9 SO F> AS IT EMANATES FROM ! NE$S ( HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,?AT ! IDEA ( ,GOD IS NOT NECESS>Y TO ! EXI/5CE & WORK+ ( ! MORAL LAW4 ,F> FROM ?IS1' ,IT IS A DI/URB+ & SOCIALLY DEMORALIZ+ FACTOR4 ,?AT ALL GODS1 PA/ & PRES5T1 HAVE [$ !IR EXI/5CE TO A HUMAN IMAG9ATION UNFRE$ FROM ! FETT]S ( ITS PRIMORDIAL ANIMALITY4 ,?AT ANY & EV]Y GOD1 ONCE E/ABLI%$ ON HIS ?RONE BECOMES ! CURSE ( HUMANITY1 & ! NATURAL ALLY ( ALL TYRANTS1 SOCIAL *>LATANS1 & EXPLOIT]S ( HUMANITY4 ,?AT ! R\T+ ( ,GOD WILL BE A NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE ( ! TRIUMPH ( MANK9D4 ,! ABOLITION ( ! IDEA ( ,GOD WILL BE A FATAL RESULT ( ! PROLET>IAN EMANCIPATION4 ,FROM ! MORAL PO9T ( VIEW1 ,SOCIALISM IS ! ADV5T ( SELF RESPECT TO MANK9D4 ,IT WILL MEAN ! PASS+ ( DEGRADATION & ,DIV9ITY4 ,FROM ! PRACTICAL VIEWPO9T1 ,SOCIALISM IS ! F9AL ACCEPTANCE ( A GREAT PR9CIPLE ?AT IS LEAV5+ SOCIETY MORE & MORE EV]Y DAY4 ,IT IS MAK+ ITSELF FELT MORE & MORE BY ! PUBLIC CONSCI5CE4 ,IT HAS BECOME ! BASIS ( SCI5TIFIC 9VE/IGATIONS & PROGRESS1 & ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,IT IS MAK+ ITS WAY EV]Y:]E4 ,BRIEFLY1 ?IS PR9CIPLE IS AS FOLL[S3 ,AS 9 :AT WE CALL ! MAT]IAL WORLD1 ! 9ORGANIC MATT]- ME*ANICAL1 PHYSICAL1 & *EMICAL-IS ! DET]M9ANT BASIS ( ! ORGANIC MATT]-VEGETABLE1 ANIMAL1 ,9TELLECTUAL-9 LIKE MANN] 9 ! SOCIAL WORLD1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ECONOMICAL QUE/IONS HAS BE5 & IS1 !1 BASIS ?AT DET]M9ES \R RELIGI\S1 PHILOSOPHICAL1 POLITICAL1 & SOCIAL DEVELOPM5TS4 ,?IS PR9CIPLE AUDACI\SLY DE/ROYS ALL RELIGI\S IDEAS & METAPHYSICAL BELIEFS4 ,IT IS A REBELLION F> GREAT] ?AN ?AT :I*1 BORN DUR+ ! ,R5AISSANCE & ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY1 LEVEL$ D[N ALL S*OLA/IC DOCTR9E-ONCE ! P[]FUL RAMP>T ( ! ,*UR*1 ( ! ABSOLUTE MON>*Y1 & ( ! FEUDAL NOBILITY-& BR\E ATTRIBUTABLE M5TAL DEG5]ATION & POLITICAL1 SUBMISSION4 ,! ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S1 !RE=E1 IS ! AIM TO :I* ANY POLITICAL MOVEM5T MU/ SUBORD9ATE ITS BE+1 M]ELY AS A MEANS TO ?AT 5D4 ,?IS BRIEFLY IS ! C5TRAL IDEA1 ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahfh 3 ,ON ! ,POLICY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,JULY #i1 #bai 3 ,ON ! ,POLICY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,ON ! ,POLICY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/