,SOLID>ITY 9 ,LIB]TY 

#ahfg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 

,TAGS 3 LAW ( SOLID>ITY1 FREE 9 IDEA1 WORK+ CLASS1 SEV]AL RELIGIONS1 HUMAN LIB]TY1 HUMAN SOCIETY1 COMMON PEOPLE1 FREE1 LIB]TY1 CLASS4 

,TEXT 3 

,FROM3 ,BAKUN9'S ,WRIT+S1 ,GUY ,A4 ,ALDR$ ,MOD]N ,PUBLI%]S1 ,9DORE ,KRAUS ,REPR9T CO4 ,NEW ,YORK #aidg  

,S,O,L,I,D,>,I,T,Y ,9 ,L,I,B,],T,Y 

,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 

 ,! ,WORK]S ,PA? ,TO ,FRE$OM 7#a#h#f#g7 

  

,PHOTO BY ,I?MUS1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,FROM ?IS TRU? ( PRACTICAL SOLID>ITY OR FRAT]NITY ( /RUGGLE ?AT ,I HAVE LAID D[N AS ! FIR/ PR9CIPLE ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,ACTION FL[S A !ORETICAL CONSEQU5CE ( EQUAL IMPORTANCE4 ,! WORK]S >E ABLE TO UNITE AS A CLASS = CLASS ECONOMIC ACTION BECAUSE ALL RELIGI\S PHILOSOPHIES1 & SY/EMS ( MORALITY :I* PREVAIL 9 ANY GIV5 ORD] ( SOCIETY >E ALWAYS ! IDEAL EXPRESSION ( ITS REAL1 MAT]IAL SITUATION4 ,!OLOGIES1 PHILOSOPHIES & E?ICS DEF9E1 FIR/ ( ALL1 ! ECONOMIC ,ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY2 & SECONDLY1 ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 :I* IS ITSELF NO?+ BUT ! LEGAL & VIOL5T CONSECRATION ( ! ECONOMIC ORD]4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 !RE >E NOT SEV]AL RELIGIONS ( ! RUL+ CLAM2 !RE IS ONE1 ! RELIGION ( PROP]TY4 ,& !RE >E NOT SEV]AL RELIGIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS3 !RE IS ONE1 ! PIETY ( /RUGGLE1 ! VISION ( EMANCIPATION1 P5ETRAT+ ! FOG ( EV]Y MY/ICISM1 & F9D+1 UTT]ANCE 9 A ?\S& PRAY]S4 ,WORK]S ( ALL CRE$S1 LIKE WORK]S ( ALL L&S1 HAVE BUT ONE FAI?1 HOPE1 & *>ITY2 ONE COMMON PURPOSE OV]LEAPS ! B>RI]S ( SEEM+ HATR$S ( RACE & CRE$4 ,! WORK]S >E ONE CLASS1 & !RE=E ONE RACE1 ONE FAI?1 ONE NATION1 ,?IS IS ! !ORETICAL TRU? TO BE 9DUC$ FROM ! PRACTICAL FRAT]NAL SOLID>ITY ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,ACTION ,ORGANIZATION4 ,*UR* & ,/ATE >E LIQUIDAT$ 9 ! VITAL ,ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! G5IUS ( FREE HUMANITY4 

,IT HAS BE5 /AT$ ?AT ,PROTE/ANTISM E/ABLI%$ LIB]TY 9 ,EUROPE4 ,?IS IS A GREAT ]ROR4 ,IT IS ! ECONOMIC1 MAT]IAL EMANCIPATION ( ! B\RGEOIS CLASS :I*1 9 SPITE ( ,PROTE/ANTISM1 HAS CREAT$ ?AT EXCLUSIVELY POLITICAL & LEGAL LIB]TY1 :I* IS TOO EASILY CONF\ND$ ) ! GR&1 UNIV]SAL1 HUMAN LIB]TY1 :I* ONLY ! PROLET>IAT CAN CREATE4 ,! NECESS>Y ACCOMPANIM5T ( B\RGEOIS LEGAL & POLITICAL LIB]TY1 APPE>ANCES TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)4 /&+1 IS ! 9TELLECTUAL1 ANTI-,*RI/IAN1 & ANTI-RELIGI\S EMANCIPATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,! CAPITALI/ RUL+ CLASS HAS NO RELIGION1 NO IDEALS1 & NO ILLUSION4 ,IT IS CYNICAL & UNBELIEV+ BECAUSE IT D5IES ! REAL BASE ( HUMAN SOCIETY1 ! COMPLETE EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 BY ITS V]Y NATURE ( 9T]E/$ PR(ESSIONALISM1 MU/ MA9TA9 C5T]S ( AU?ORITY & EXPLOITATION1 CALL$ ,/ATES4 ,! LABOR]S1 BY !IR V]Y ECONOMIC NE$S1 MU/ *ALL5GE SU* C5T]S ( OPPRESSION4 

,! 9H]5T PR9CIPLES ( HUMAN EXI/5CE >E SUMM$ UP 9 ! S+LE LAW ( SOLID>ITY4 ,?IS IS ! GOLD5 RULE ( HUMANITY1 & MAY BE =MULAT$ ?US3 NO P]SON CAN RECOGNIZE OR REALIZE HIS OR H] [N HUMANITY EXCEPT BY RECOGNIZ+ IT 9 O!RS & SO COOP]AT+ = ITS REALIZATION BY EA* & ALL4 ,NO MAN CAN EMANCIPATE HIMSELF SAVE BY EMANCIPAT+ ) HIM ALL ! M5 AB\T HIM4 

,MY LIB]TY IS ! LIB]TY ( EV]YBODY4 ,I CANNOT BE FREE 9 IDEA UNTIL ,I AM FREE 9 FACT4 ,TO BE FREE 9 IDEA & NOT FREE 9 FACT IS TO BE REVOLT4 ,TO BE FREE 9 FACT IS TO HAVE MY LIB]TY & MY RI<T1 F9D !IR CONFIRMATION1 & SANCTION 9 ! LIB]TY & RI<T ( ALL MANK9D4 ,I AM FREE ONLY :5 ALL M5 >E MY EQUALS4 7FIR/ & =EMO/ ECONOMICALLY47 

,:AT ALL O!R M5 >E IS ( ! GREATE/ IMPORTANCE TO ME4 ,H[EV] 9DEP5D5T ,I MAY IMAG9E MYSELF TO BE1 H[EV] F> REMOV$ ,I MAY APPE> FROM MUNDANE CONSID]ATION BY MY SOCIAL /ATUS1 ,I AM 5SLAV$ TO ! MIS]Y ( ! MEANE/ MEMB] ( SOCIETY4 ,! \TCA/ IS MY DAILY M5ACE4 ,:E!R ,I AM ,POPE1 ,CZ>1 ,EMP]OR1 OR EV5 PRIME ,M9I/]1 ,I AM ALWAYS ! CREATURE ( !IR CIRCUM/ANCE1 ! CONSCI\S PRODUCT ( !IR IGNORANCE1 WANT & CLAMOR+4 ,!Y >E 9 SLAV]Y1 & ,I1 ! SUP]IOR ONE1 AM 5SLAV$ 9 CONSEQU5CE4 

,= EXAMPLE IF SU* IS ! CASE1 ,I AM 5LI<T5$ OR 9TELLIG5T M54 ,BUT ,I AM FOOLI% ) ! FOLLY ( ! PEOPLE1 MY WISDOM /UNN$ BY !IR NE$S1 MY M9D PALSI$4 ,I AM A BRAVE MAN1 BUT ,I AM ! C[>D ( ! PEOPLES' FE>4 ,!IR MIS]Y APPALLS ME1 & EV]Y DAY ,I %R9K FROM ! /RUGGLE ( LIFE4 ,MY C>E] BECOMES AN EVASION ( LIV+4 ,A RI* MAN1 ,I TREMBLE BE=E !IR POV]TY1 BECAUSE IT ?REAT5S TO 5GULF ME4 ,I DISCOV] ,I HAVE NO RI*ES 9 MYSELF1 NO WEAL? BUT ?AT /OL5 FROM ! COMMON LIFE ( ! COMMON PEOPLE4 ,AS PRIVILEG$ MAN1 ,I TURN PALE BE=E ! PEOPLE'S DEM& = JU/ICE4 ,I FEEL A M5ACE 9 ?AT DEM&4 ,! CRY IS OM9\S & ,I AM ?REAT5$4 ,IT IS ! FEEL+ ( ! MALEFACTOR DREAD+1 YET WAIT+ = 9EVITABLE >RE/4 ,MY LIFE IS PRIVILEG$ & FURTIVE4 ,BUT IT IS NOT M9E4 ,I LACK FRE$OM & CONT5TM5T4 ,9 %ORT1 WI%+ TO BE FREE1 ?\< ,I AM WISE1 BRAVE1 RI*1 & PRIVILEG$1 ,I CANNOT BE FREE BECAUSE MY IMM$IATE ASSOCIATES DO NOT WI% M5 TO BE FREE2 & ! ,MASS1 FROM :OM ALL WISDOM1 BRAV]Y1 RI*ES1 & ,PRIVILEGES ASC5D1 DO NOT KN[ H[ TO SECURE !IR FRE$OM4 ,! SLAV]Y ( ! COMMON PEOPLE MAKE !M ! 9/RUM5TS ( MY OPPRESSION4 ,= WE TO BE FREE1 !Y MU/ BE FREE4 ,WE MU/ CONQU] BREAD & FRE$OM 9 COMMON4 

,! TRUE1 HUMAN LIB]TY ( A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL IMPLIES ! EMANCIPATION ( ALL3 BECAUSE1 ?ANKS TO ! LAW ( SOLID>ITY1 :I* IS ! NATURAL BASIS ( ALL HUMAN SOCIETY1 ,I CANNOT BE1 FEEL1 & KN[ MYSELF REALLY1 COMPLETELY FREE1 IF ,I AM NOT SURR\ND$ BY M5 AS FREE AS MYSELF4 ,! SLAV]Y ( EA* IS MY SLAV]Y4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahff 3 ,SOLID>ITY 9 ,LIB]TY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#e1 #bag 3 ,SOLID>ITY 9 ,LIB]TY -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,SOLID>ITY 9 ,LIB]TY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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