,/IRN] & ,NIETZS*E 

#aid 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,LEVY 

,TEXT 3 

,9 ! SECOND HALF ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY !RE WAS A REACTION AGA9/ 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,! MO/ WIDESPREAD MORAL !ORIES1 = EXAMPLE ?OSE ( ,AUGU/ ,COMTE 9 ,FRANCE1 ,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL 9 ,5GL&1 & ,S*OP5HAU] 9 ,G]MANY1 HAD ! COMMON *>ACT]I/IC ( PREA*+ ALTRUISM4 ,WAS IT ?AT ! PHILOSOPH]S WANT$ TO MA9TA9 ,*RI/IAN MORALITY AT A MOM5T :5 !Y R5\NC$ BELIEF1 OR DID !Y ?9K !MSELVES OBLIG$1 AS ,NIETZS*E MA9TA9$1 TO %[ !MSELVES TO BE MORE DIS9T]E/$ ?AN ! ,*RI/IANS !MSELVES8 ,:ATEV] ! CASE1 !Y CONDEMN$ EGOISM & ! ISOLATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 9 POLITICS ! NATIONAL & SOCIAL TIES ?AT UNIT$ 9DIVIDUALS W]E 9SI/$ UPON & SOLID>ITY WAS PREA*$4 

,BUT 9 ,G]MANY >\ND #ahi PEOPLE BEGAN TO TALK AB\T TWO PHILOSOPH]S :O ADMITT$ NEI!R MORAL ALTRUISM NOR SOCIAL SOLID>ITY4 ,/IRN]1 :O 9 HIS LIFETIME HAD 5JOY$ BUT AN EPHEM]AL GLORY1 HAD BE5 REVIV$ BY A FANATICAL DISCIPLE1 ,J4,H4 ,MACKAY1 :O SAW 9 ! AU?OR ( 0,! ,EGO & ,ITS ,[N0 ! !ORETICIAN ( CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*ISM4 ,9 ADDITION1 ,NIETZS*E1 SO LONG 0UNTIMELY0 MADE AN IMPRESSION ON PUBLIC OP9ION AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 ILLNESS DEF9ITIVELY TRIUMPH$ OV] HIS REASON1 & LITTLE BY LITTLE HE BECAME ONE ( ! FAVORITES ( ! ,EUROPEAN FA%ION ?AT HE HAD SO H>%LY JUDG$4 

,IT WAS NATURAL ?AT ! NAMES ( !SE TWO PHILOSOPH]S :OSE IDEAS W]E SO CONTR>Y TO CONTEMPOR>Y ?\<T %\LD BE L9K$ TOGE!R4 ,PEOPLE BECAME US$ TO VIEW+ ,/IRN] AS A PRECURSOR ( ,NIETZS*E4 ,BUT !RE IS ROOM TO QUE/ION :E!R ?IS HABIT IS JU/IFI$4 ,9 ! FIR/ CASE1 IS IT TRUE ?AT ,/IRN] 9FLU5C$ ,NIETZS*E8 ,& !N1 IS IT CORRECT TO CONSID] !IR PHILOSOPHIES AS TWO ANALOG\S SY/EMS ANIMAT$ BY ! SAME SPRIT8 ,IS !RE REALLY REASON TO CONNECT ,NIETZS*E TO ,/IRN] & TO SPEAK ( AN 9DIVIDUALI/1 AN>*I/1 OR IMMORALI/ CURR5T8 

,DID ,NIETZS*E ,KN[ ,/IRN]8 

,WE DON'T 5C\NT] ,/IRN]'S NAME EI!R 9 ! WORKS OR CORRESPOND5CE ( ,NIETZS*E4 ,MME4 ,=/]-,NIETZS*E1 9 ! METICUL\S BIOGRAPHY %E D$ICAT$ TO H] BRO!R1 DOESN'T SPEAK ( ! AU?OR ( 0,! ,EGO & ,ITS ,[N40 ,9 ANY EV5T1 ! WORK WAS ALMO/ COMPLETELY =GOTT5 UP UNTIL ! TIME ,J4,H4 ,MACKAY SET \T TO CELEBRATE IT4 ,J4,H4 ,MACKAY HIMSELF TELLS US ?AT HE ONLY READ ,/IRN]'S NAME & ! TITLE ( HIS BOOK = ! FIR/ TIME 9 #a#h#h#h3 ?IS IS ! V]Y YE> ?AT ,NIETZS*E DESC5D$ 9TO MADNESS4 ,9 #ahhh ,MACKAY F\ND ,/IRN]'S NAME 9 ,LANGE'S 0,HI/ORY ( ,MAT]IALISM10 :I* HE READ AT ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM 9 ,LONDON4 ,A YE> !N PASS$ BE=E HE AGA9 5C\NT]$ ?IS NAME1 :I* HE HAD C>EFULLY NOT$4 ,UNTIL ?AT DATE1 ,/IRN] WAS ?US TRULY DEAD3 HE IS 9DEBT$ TO ,MACKAY = HIS RESURRECTION4 

,IT IS NEV]!LESS C]TA9 ?AT ,NIETZS*E RECOMM5D$ ! READ+ ( ,/IRN] TO ONE ( HIS /UD5TS 9 ,BASLE4 ,9 CONSULT+ ! REGI/] ( ! ,BASLE LIBR>Y IT'S TRUE ?AT WE DON'T F9D ,/IRN]'S BOOK 9 ! LI/ ( BOOKS BORR[$ 9 ,NIETZS*E'S NAME4 ,BUT WE SEE ?AT ! BOOK WAS BORR[$ ?REE TIMES BETWE5 #ahg -- #a#h#h4 ,9 #ahgb BY ! PRIVAT-DOZ5T ,S*W>ZKOPF 7,SYRUS ,>*IM$ES71 9 #ahgd BY ! /UD5T ,BAUMG>TN]1 & 9 #ahgi BY PR(ESSOR ,HANS ,HEUSSL]4 ,M4 ,BAUMG>TN] ?\<1 SON ( ,MME ,BAUMG>TN]-,KO*L91 :O TRANSLAT$ ! 0,UNTIMELY ,M$ITATIONS0 9TO ,FR5*1 WAS ,NIETZS*E'S FAVORITE /UD5T3 9 HIS CORRESPOND5CE ! PHILOSOPH] CALLS HIM HIS 0]ZS*UL]40 ,M4 ,BAUMG>TN]1 :O IS TODAY PR(ESSOR AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,BASLE1 SAYS ?AT IT WAS ON ,NIETZS*E'S ADVICE ?AT HE READ ,/IRN]1 BUT HE HIS C]TA9 ?AT HE NEV] LOAN$ ! BOOK TO HIS TEA*]4 

,! QUE/ION !N IS F9D+ \T :]E ,NIETZS*E 5C\NT]$ ! NAME ( ,/IRN]4 ,IT'S POSSIBLE ?AT ! NAME WAS SPOK5 9 FRONT ( HIM AT ,RI*>D ,WAGN]'S H\SE4 ,WAGN] HAD P]HAPS HE>D M5TION ( ,/IRN] AT ! TIME ( ! REVOLUTION ( #a#h#d#h1 P]HAPS FROM HIS FRI5D ,BAKUN94 ,IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE ?AT ,NIETZS*E READ ,/IRN]'S NAME 9 A *APT] ( ,$U>D VON ,H>TMANN4 ,! LATT] AFFIRMS1 9 FACT1 ?AT ,NIETZS*E MU/ HAVE BE5 /RUCK BY ! ANALYSIS ( ,/IRN]'S IDEAS ?AT >E F\ND 9 ! SECOND VOLUME ( 0,PHILOSOPHY ( ! ,UNCONSCI\S40 ,NIETZS*E CRITICIZES AT L5G? ! *APT] ( ?IS BOOK :]E ,H>TMANN SPOKE ( ,/IRN]1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! N9? P>AGRAPH ( ! SECOND 0,UNTIMELY ,M$ITATION40,NIETZS*E =CEFULLY ATTACKS ! EVOLUTIONI/ !ORIES ( ,H>TMANN1 BORR[+ HIS QUOTATIONS ESPECIALLY FROM ! PAGES :]E ! AU?OR ( ! 0,PHILOSOPHY ( ! ,UNCONSCI\S0 SPEAKS ( HUMANITY'S ?IRD P]IOD4 ,IT IS PRECISELY AT ! 5TRANCE TO ?IS ?IRD P]IOD ?AT ,H>TMANN M>K$ ,/IRN]'S PLACE4 ,BUT IT SEEMS ?AT :AT ,H>TMANN SAYS AB\T ,/IRN] DIDN'T 5C\RAGE ,NIETZS*E TO /UDY 0,! ,EGO & ,ITS ,[N0 ) SYMPA?Y1 = ,NIETZS*E COMBATS PRECISELY ! !ORIES ( 0,PHILOSOPHY ( ! ,UNCONSCI\S0 BECAUSE !Y SEEM ?OSE MO/ APT TO /R5G!N ?AT EGOISM :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ,/IRN]1 *>ACT]IZES ! MATURE AGE BO? ( HUMANITY & ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,NIETZS*E OPPOSES ! 5?USIASM ( Y\? TO ?IS EGOI/ MATURITY4 ,IT W\LD BE QUITE SURPRIS+ IF ,NIETZS*E1 :O DIDN'T TAKE ,H>TMANN'S 0P>ODY0 S]I\SLY1 W\LD HAVE DECID$ AT ?AT DATE TO /UDY ! WORKS ( ,/IRN]1 :]E HE W\LD HAVE F\ND !ORIES EV5 MORE P>ADOXICAL 9 HIS EYES ?AN ?OSE ( 0,PHILOSOPHY ( ! ,UNCONSCI\S40 ,9 ANY EV5T1 ,H>TMANN'S >GUM5T DOESN'T PROVE ?AT ,/IRN] DIRECTLY 9FLU5C$ ,NIETZS*E4 

,! MO/ LIKELY HYPO!SIS IS OBVI\SLY ?AT PRES5T$ BY ,PR(ESSOR ,JOEL4 ,IT IS PROBABLE ?AT ,NIETZS*E REM>K$1 LIKE ,MACKAY1 ,/IRN]'S NAME 9 ,LANGE'S 0,HI/ORY ( ,MAT]IALISM40 ,NIETZS*E READ ?IS BOOK V]Y C>EFULLY1 AS IS %[N BY HIS CORRESPOND5CE ) ,B>ON ,G]SDORFF & ,]W9 ,ROHDE4 ,& 9 FACT1 ON ,FEBRU>Y #af ,NIETZS*E WROTE TO ,B>ON ,G]SDORFF3 0,I AM AGA9 OBLIG$ TO PRAISE ! M]ITS ( A MAN :O ,I ALREADY SPOKE TO Y\ AB\T 9 A PREVI\S LETT]4 ,IF Y\ WANT TO REALLY KN[ ! CONTEMPOR>Y MAT]IALI/ MOVEM5T1 ! NATURAL SCI5CES ) !IR ,D>W9IAN !ORIES1 !IR COSMIC SY/EMS1 !IR D>K ROOM SO FULL ( LIFE1 ETC1 ,I SEE NO?+ MORE REM>KABLE TO RECOMM5D TO Y\ ?AN ,FRI$]I*-,ALB]T ,LANGE'S 0,HI/ORY ( ,MAT]IALISM0 7,IS]LOHN1 #a#h#f#f71 A BOOK :I* GIVES 9F9ITELY MORE ?AN ! TITLE PROMIS$1 & :I* WE CAN BR[SE ?R\< OV] & AGA9 AS A REAL TREASURE4 ,GIV5 ! DIRECTION ( Y\R /UDIES ,I SEE NO?+ BETT] TO RECOMM5D TO Y\4 ,I HAVE PROMIS$ MYSELF TO GET TO KN[ ?IS MAN1 & ,I WANT TO S5D HIM MY WORK ON ,DEMOCRITUS AS TE/IMONY ( GRATITUDE40 

,LANGE ONLY D$ICATES A DOZ5 L9ES TO ,/IRN]1 BUT ONE CAN'T HELP BUT BELIEVE ?AT !Y /RIKE ! READ]1 S9CE !Y W]E ! DET]M9+ FACTOR 9 ! CONV]SION ( ,J4,H4 ,MACKAY1 :O HAS S9CE BECOME ,/IRN]'S FANATICAL DISCIPLE4 ,!RE IS1 9 ?IS BRIEF ANALYSIS1 A PORTION :I* MU/ HAVE FIX$ ,NIETZS*E'S ATT5TION4 ,LANGE DECL>ES1 9 FACT1 ?AT ,/IRN] MI<T REM9D US ( ,S*OP5HAU]4 0,! MAN :O1 9 ,G]MAN LIT]ATURE1 PREA*$ ! MO/ ABSOLUTE EGOISM 9 ! MO/ ABSOLUTE & LOGICAL FA%ION1 ,MAX ,/IRN]1 /&S 9 OPPOSITION TO ,FEU]BA*4 ,9 HIS FAM\S WORK 0,! ,EGO & ,ITS ,[N0 7#a#h#d#e7 ,MAX ,/IRN] W5T SO F> AS TO REJECT ANY MORAL IDEA4 ,ANY?+ :I*1 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 EI!R AS A SIMPLE IDEA OR AS AN EXT]NAL =CE1 PLACES ITSELF ABOVE ! 9DIVIDUAL & HIS :IMS IS REJECT$ BY ,/IRN] AS AN ODI\S LIMITATION ( ! SELF4 ,IT IS A PITY ?AT ?IS BOOK1 ! MO/ EXAGG]AT$ ONE WE KN[ (1 WAS NOT COMPLEM5T$ BY A SECOND1 POSITIVE P>T4 ,?IS TASK W\LD HAVE BE5 EASI] ?AN ?AT ( F9D+ A POSITIVE COMPLEM5T TO ,S*ELL+'S PHILOSOPHY =1 9 ORD] TO ESCAPE FROM ! LIMIT$ SELF ,I CAN1 9 TURN1 CREATE A SPACE = IDEALISM AS ! EXPRESSION ( MY WILL & IDEA4 ,9 FACT1 ,/IRN] GRANTS ! WILL SO MU* VALUE ?AT IT APPE>S TO US AS ! FUNDAM5TAL =CE ( ! HUMAN BE+4 ,IT REM9DS US ( ,S*OP5HAU]4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS WAY ?AT EV]Y CO9 HAS TWO SIDES4 ,9 ANY EV5T1 ,/IRN] WAS NOT SUFFICI5TLY 9FLU5TIAL ?AT WE %\LD OCCUPY \RSELVES ) HIM ANY FUR!R40 

,LET US COMP>E !SE TEXTS TO ! PASSAGES :]E ,NIETZS*E SPEAKS AB\T 0,! ,HI/ORY ( ,MAT]IALISM40 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] #ahff ! PHILOSOPH] WRITES TO ,B>ON ,G]SDORFF1 0,:AT ,S*OP5HAU] IS = US HAS AGA9 BE5 PROV$ TO ME ) PRECISION BY ANO!R EXCELL5T & 9/RUCTIVE WORK ( ITS K9D 0,! ,HI/ORY ( ,MAT]IALISM & A ,CRITIQUE ( ,ITS ,VALUE 9 ! ,PRES5T P]IOD0 BY ,F4,A4 ,LANGE1 #a#h#f#f4 ,WE >E DEAL+ H]E ) A ,KANTIAN & AN EXTREMELY 5LI<T5$ NATURALI/4 ,! FOLL[+ ?REE PROPOSITIONS SUM UP HIS CONCLUSION3 

,! S5SIBLE WORLD IS ! PRODUCT ( \R ORGANIZATION 

,\R VISIBLE 7CORPORAL7 ORGANS1 LIKE ! O!R P>TS ( ! PH5OM5AL WORLD1 >E ONLY ! IMAGES ( AN UNKN[N OBJECT 

,\R REAL ORGANIZATION REMA9S = ?IS REASON AS UNKN[N TO US AS REAL EXT]NAL OBJECTS4 ,WE ONLY EV] HAVE BE=E US ! PRODUCT ( ! TWO 

,WE ?US NOT ONLY DON'T KN[ ! TRUE ESS5CE ( ?+S1 ! ?+ 9 ITSELF1 BUT ! V]Y IDEA ( ?AT ?+ 9 ITSELF IS NO?+ MORE OR LESS ?AN ! F9AL CONSEQU5CE ( AN ANTI!SIS RELATIVE TO \R ORGANIZATION1 & AB\T :I* WE DON'T KN[ IF IT HAS A MEAN+ \TSIDE ( \R EXP]I5CE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ,LANGE FEELS ?AT WE %\LD ALL[ PHILOSOPH]S COMPLETE FRE$OM1 ON ! CONDITION ?AT !Y $IFY US4 ,>T IS FREE1 EV5 9 ! REALM ( CONCEPTS4 ,:O W\LD WANT TO REFUTE A PHRASE ( ,BEE?OV5'S OR CONDEMN AN ]ROR 9 ! ,MADONNA ( ,RAPHAEL8 ,Y\ SEE ?AT EV5 9 PLAC+ ONESELF AT ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 EV5 9 ADMITT+ ! /RICTE/ CRITICISM1 \R ,S*OP5HAU] REMA9S ) US4 ,EV5 MORE1 WE CAN ALMO/ SAY ?AT HE IS EV5 MORE \RS4 ,IF PHILOSOPHY IS AN >T1 ALL ?AT IS LEFT TO ,HAYM IS TO HIDE HIMSELF BE=E ,S*OP5HAU]2 IF PHILOSOPHY MU/ $IFY ,I KN[ NO PHILOSOPH] :O $IFIES MORE ?AN \R ,S*OP5HAU]40 

,WE SEE ?AT FROM ,LANGE'S BOOK ,NIETZS*E P>TICUL>LY RETA9$ ! IDEA ?AT PHILOSOPHY IS AS FREE AS >T4 ,EV]YONE ?US HAS ! RI<T TO ADMIT ! METAPHYSICS ?AT BE/ RESPONDS TO HIS S5TIM5TS3 WE CAN BE ,S*OP5HAU]IAN 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT WE >E ,WAGN]IAN4 ,?US1 IF HE WAS /RUCK BY ! FEW L9ES ?AT ,LANGE D$ICATES TO ,/IRN] IT IS D\BTLESS BECAUSE ,LANGE 9T]PRET$ ,/IRN]'S !ORIES 9 A WAY FAVORABLE TO HIS !SIS4 ,9 FACT1 ,LANGE BELIEVES ?AT ,/IRN] WANTS TO EFFACE ! BORD]S ?AT TILL N[ HAVE LIMIT$ 9DIVIDUALITY 9 ORD] TO ALL[ EV]YONE ! RI<T TO *OOSE HIS IDEAL AS HE WI%ES4 ,?IS IS AN ]ROR3 EV]Y IDEAL1 :E!R IT IS *OS5 BY ! WILL1 PROPOS$ BY ! 9TELLIG5CE1 OR IMPOS$ BY AN EXT]NAL P[]1 9 ,/IRN]'S EYES IS NO?+ BUT AN IDEE FIXE4 ,IT IS REM>KABLE ?AT ,LANGE SPEAKS LESS ( ! NEGATIVE PORTION ( ,/IRN]'S SY/EM ?AN ( ! POSITIVE ONE ?AT HE C\LD HAVE ADD$4 ,/IRN]1 ?\<1 DOESN'T ADMIT A POSITIVE PORTION 9 ! S5SE ?AT ! HI/ORIAN ( MAT]IALISM 9T5DS IT4 ,& 9 FACT ,LANGE DEM&S A POSITIVE PORTION 9 ORD] 0TO GO \TSIDE ! SELF10 BUT ,/IRN] DOESN'T WANT US TO DO SO4 ,9 SUPPORT+ A !ORY ( KN[L$GE ,LANGE SEEKS TO PLEAD ! CAUSE ( METAPHYSICAL SPECULATION2 ,/IRN] SEES 9 EV]Y METAPHYSICS A K9D ( MADNESS4 ,LANGE ATTEMPTS TO SAVE ! ESS5CE ( RELIGION BY 9SI/+ ON ! $UCATIONAL VIRTUE ( FAI?2 ,/IRN] CONSID]S DIS9T]E/$ $UCATION A DUP]Y4 ,AS ,NOL5 SAID 9 HIS 9TRODUCTION TO ! ,FR5* TRANSLATION ( ! 0,HI/ORY ( ,MAT]IALISM30 0,NO ONE HAS BETT] UND]/OOD ?AN ,LANGE ?AT WEAK5+ ! S5SE ( ! IDEAL MEANS /R5G!N+ ?AT ( EGOISM40 ,?IS IS PRECISELY :AT ,/IRN] ALSO UND]/OOD2 BUT :ILE ,LANGE WANTS TO /R5G!N ! S5SE ( ! IDEAL 9 ORD] TO WEAK5 ?AT ( EGOISM1 ,/E9]1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 ORD] TO /R5G!N ! EGOI/IC S5SE1 WANTS TO WEAK5 ! S5SE ( ! IDEAL4 

,NIETZS*E ?US D\BTLESS SAW1 VIA ,LANGE'S ANALYSIS1 A ,/IRN] :O WAS QUITE DIFF]5T FROM :AT 9 REALITY WAS ! AU?OR ( 0,! ,EGO & ITS ,[N40 ,HE CONSID]$ ?AT WORK AS A K9D ( 9TRODUCTION TO ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,S*OP5HAU]1 & ?IS IS :AT EXPLA9S ! APP>5TLY P>ADOXICAL FACT ?AT ,NIETZS*E SPOKE ( ,/IRN] DUR+ HIS FIR/ P]IOD1 :5 HE WAS A F]V5T DISCIPLE ( ,S*OP5HAU]1 :ILE HE NO LONG] SPEAKS ( HIM DUR+ HIS SECOND P]IOD1 ! CRITICAL P]IOD1 :5 HE 9 A S5SE WAS CLOS] TO ! IDEAS ( 0,! ,EGO4440 

,9 ,]W9 ,ROHDE'S LETT]S TO ,NIETZS*E !RE IS A PASSAGE ?AT APPE>S TO CONFIRM ?IS 9T]PRETATION4 ,ON ,NOVEMB] #d1 #ahhf ,ROHDE WROTE TO ,NIETZS*E3 0,?IS W9T] Y\ MU/ BE SWIMM+ 9 MUSIC4 ,AS MU* AS POSSIBLE ,I WANT TO TRY TO DO ! SAME 9 \R ,ABD]E1 = ?\< ,I DON'T UND]/& ANY?+1 IT ALWAYS S]VES TO PURIFY ! S\L ( ! DU/ ( ! WORK+ DAY1 & P>TICUL>LY TO CALM ! RE/IVE WILL4 ,!Y WILL D\BTLESS NOT ALL[ US TO 9TOXICATE \RSELVES ) ! ,WAGN]IAN PHILT] 9 ,HAMBURG4 ,S9CE ,I AM ONLY ONE ( ! PR(ANE1 ,I RISK APPROV+ ?AT MUSIC ONLY )9 MYSELF1 BUT IT MAKES SU* AN IMPRESSION ON ME ?AT ,I FEEL LIKE ,I'M /ROLL+ 9 MOONLI<T 9 A G>D5 ( MAGICAL P]FUMES3 NO S\NDS ( VULG> REALITY P5ETRATE !RE4 ,& SO IT IS ) ABSOLUTE 9DIFF]5CE ?AT ,I SEE ! SO WISE ,MESSRS ,S*AUL1 ETC4 DEMON/RATE ?AT ?IS MUSIC IS UNHEAL?Y1 LASCIVI\S & :O KN[S :AT ELSE4 ,AS = ME1 TO USE Y\R P]FECT EXPRESSION1 IT SWEEPS ME AWAY & ?AT IS 5\<4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ,I 9CREAS+LY UND]/& ! WISDOM ( ! OLD SOPHI/ :O1 DESPITE ALL ! OBJECTIONS ( ! HEAL?Y PEOPLE ( HIS TIME1 AFFIRM$ ?AT MAN WAS ! MEASURE ( ALL ?+S4 ,LANGE'S BOOK -- :I* ,I WILL SOON RETURN TO Y\ -- CONTRIBUT$ 9 NO SMALL AM\NT 9 CONFIRM+ ?IS IDEA = ME4 ,DUR+ ! C\RSE ( MY TRIP IT CON/ANTLY KEPT ME )9 ! SPH]E ( ELEVAT$ IDEAS4 ,)\T ANY D\BT1 ,LANGE IS RI<T 9 TAK+ AS S]I\SLY AS HE DOES ! DISCOV]Y WE [E TO ,KANT ( ! SUBJECTIVE *>ACT] ( ! =MS ( P]CEPTION4 ,& IF HE'S RI<T1 IS IT NOT P]FECTLY REASONABLE ?AT EA* ( US *OOSES = HIMSELF A CONCEPTION ( ! WORLD ?AT SUFFICES = HIM1 ?AT IS1 ?AT SATISFIES ! MORAL NE$ ?AT IS1 PROP]LY SPEAK+1 HIS ESS5CE8 

0,A PHILOSOPHY !N ?AT 9SI/S ON ! PR(\NDLY1 FI]CELY S]I\S *>ACT] ( ! OBJECT ?AT REMA9S ABSOLUTELY UNKN[N TO US1 ANSW]S TO MY 9N] T5D5CIES1 & IT IS ?US ?AT ,I TRI$ SO H>D TO CONV9CE MYSELF ?AT EV]Y SPECULATION WAS JU/ A VA9 FANTASY4 ,S*OP5HAU]'S DOCTR9E HAS MA9TA9$ ITS VALUE = ME1 :I* ALSO CONFIRMS ! FACT ?AT ! WILL IS /RONG]1 MORE BASIC ?AN ! 9TELLIG5CE1 :I* WEI<S ALL SIDES ( EV]Y >GUM5T40 

,S9CE ,ROHDE ADDS ?AT HIS FRI5D IS CORDIALLY 9 AGREEM5T ) HIM ON !SE IMPORTANT PO9TS1 WE HAVE ! RI<T TO SAY ?AT ,NIETZS*E SAW 9 ! !ORIES LAID \T BY ,LANGE A JU/IFICATION = HIS 9/9CTIVE SYMPA?Y = ,S*OP5HAU]'S DOCTR9E4 ,ALL ( ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY1 FROM ,KANT TO ,S*OP5HAU]1 SEEM$ TO GIVE NEW /R5G? TO TWO PROPOSITIONS HE HAD ALWAYS ADMITT$3 

,MAN IS ! MEASURE ( ALL ?+S1 :I* AS ,HELL5I/S ,ROHDE & ,NIETZS*E BO? KNEW VIA ! ,GREEK ,SOPHI/S 

,! WILL IS PRIOR & SUP]IOR TO ! 9TELLIG5CE1 :I* IS OBVI\S = A DSICPLE ( ,S*OP5HAU] 

,9 SUMM>Y1 IT DOESN'T APPE> ?AT ,/IRN] HAD A DECISIVE 9FLU5CE ON ,NIETZS*E4 ,HE P]HAPS CONTRIBUT$ TO KEEP+ ,NIETZS*E = A TIME )9 ! REALM ( ,S*OP5HAU]'S METAPHYSICS4 ,HE WAS D\BTLESS LITTLE BY LITTLE =GOTT5 AFT]W>DS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aic 3 ,/IRN] & ,NIETZS*E -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #a#h1 #bb 3 ,/IRN] & ,NIETZS*E -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,/IRN] & ,NIETZS*E -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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