,! ,B]NIE ,S&]S ,P>ADOX ,:5 ,SOCIALISM ,GR[S ,OLD #aihf ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,TEXT 3 ,PHOTO BY ORI5TALIZ+1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,! PO/]S ?AT APPE>$ ALL OV] ,BURL+TON -- ,V]MONT'S L>GE/ CITY 7POP3 #c#g17 9 ! W9T] ( #a#i#h-#h#a W]E >RE/+ & PROVOCATIVE4 ,!Y %[$ AN OLD MAP ( ! CITY ) A LABEL SLAPP$ ACROSS IT ?AT READ3 0,= ,SALE40 ,A BOLD SLOGAN ACROSS ! TOP1 9 TURN1 PROCLAIM$ ?AT 0,BURL+TON ,IS ,NOT = ,SALE10 & SMIL+ AMIABLY 9 ! RID ,S&]S1 SANS TIE1 OP5-COLL>$1 ALMO/ 5DE>+LY %Y & UNPRET5TI\S4 ,! ONLOOK] WAS 5JO9$ TO RESCUE ,BURL+TON BY VOT+ = 0,B]NIE0 ,S&]S = MAYOR4 ,S&]S1 ! LONG-TIME GUB]NATORIAL C&IDATE ( ,V]MONT'S MAV]ICK ,LIB]TY ,UNION1 WAS N[ *ALL5G+ 0,GORDIE0 ,PAQUETTE1 AN 9]T ,DEMOCRATIC FIXTURE 9 ,CITY ,HALL1 :O HAD SUCCESSFULLY F5D$ (F EQUALLY 9]T ,REPUBLICAN OPPON5TS = NE>LY A DECADE4 ,?AT ,S&]S WON ?IS ELECTION ON ,M>* #c1 #a#i#h#a1 BY ONLY T5 VOTES IS N[ A ,V]MONT LEG5D ?AT HAS P]COLAT$ ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY OV] ! PA/ FIVE YE>S4 ,:AT GIVES ,S&]S ALMO/ LEG5D>Y QUALITIES AS A MAYOR & POLITICIAN IS ?AT HE PROCLAIMS HIMSELF TO BE A SOCIALI/ -- TO MANY ADMIR+ ACOLYTES1 A ,M>XI/ -- :O IS N[ 9 ! MIDPO9T ( A ?IRD T]M AFT] ROLL+ UP HUGE M>G9S 9 TWO PREVI\S ELECTIONS4 ,FROM A T5-VOTE LEAD TO SOME FIFTY-TWO P]C5T ( ! ELECTORATE1 ,S&]S HAS BALLOON$ \T ( ,BURL+TON 9 A FLURRY ( CIVIC T\RNAM5TS ?AT V>I\SLY CA/ HIM AS A WORK+-CLASS H]O OR A DEMONIC 0,BOL%EVIK40 ,HIS VICTORIES N[ MAKE ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES & HIS TRIPS \TSIDE ( ,BURL+TON TAKE HIM TO PLACES AS F> AS ,MANAGUA1 :]E HE HAS VISIT$ ) ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA1 & TO ,MON?LY ,REVIEW FUNDRAIS+ BANQUETS1 :]E HE RUBS %\LD]S ) ,NEW ,YORK'S RADICAL ELITE4 ,S&]S HAS EV5 BE5 9VIT$ TO ! ,SOCIALI/ ,S*OL>'S ,CONF]5CE1 AN (F] HE WISELY DECL9$4 ,NEI!R S*OL>%IP NOR !ORY IS A ,S&]S =TE4 ,IF SOCIALI/ HE BE1 HE IS ( ! 0BREAD-&-BUTT]0 K9D :OSE PREF]5CE = 0REALISM0 OV] IDEALS HAS E>N$ HIM NOTORIETY EV5 )9 HIS CLOSE/ C[ORK]S 9 ,CITY ,HALL4 ,! CRISS-CROSS+ L9ES ?AT DEFACE ALMO/ EV]Y S]I\S ATTEMPT TO DRAW AN 9TELLIGIBLE SKET* ( ! ,S&]S ADM9I/RATION & ITS MEAN+ = RADICALS RESULT FROM A DEEP-SEAT$ P>ADOX 9 0BREAD-&-BUTT]0 SOCIALISM ITSELF4 ,IT TRIVIALIZES ?IS L>G] ISSUE TO DEAL ) ,S&]S M]ELY AS A P]SONALITY OR TO EVALUATE HIS A*IEVEM5TS 9 ! />K T]MS ( LAVI% PRAISE OR DAMN+ BLAME4 ,A SOPHOMORIC TRIBUTE TO ,S&]S' DO+S 9 ! ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ( A YE> AGO WAS AS MALADROIT AS ! ?UND]+ LETT]S ( D5UNCIATION ?AT APPE> 9 ! ,BURL+TON ,FREE ,PRESS4 ,S&]S FITS NEI!R ! HEAV5-S5T ROLES HE IS GIV5 9 RADICAL MON?LIES NOR ! DEMONIC ONES HE ACQUIRES 9 CONS]VATIVE LETT]S TO MOD]ATE DAILIES4 ,TO DWELL HEAVILY ON HIS WELL-KN[N P>ANOIA & SUSPICI\S RECLUSIV5ESS BECL\DS ! MORE IMPORTANT FACT ?AT HE IS A C5TRALI/1 :O IS MORE COMMITT$ TO ACCUMULAT+ P[] 9 ! MAYOR'S (FICE ?AN GIV+ IT TO ! PEOPLE4 ,TO SPO( HIM = HIS UNADORN$ SPEE* & MA*O MANN] IS TO IGNORE ! FACT ?AT HIS NOTIONS ( A 0CLASS ANALYSIS0 >E N>R[LY PRODUCTIVI/ & W\LD EMB>RASS A ,L591 NOT TO M5TION A ,M>X4 ,TO MOCK HIS /OLID BEHAVIOR & ! SURPRIS+ CONV5TIONALITY ( HIS VALUES IS TO CONCEAL HIS COMMITM5T TO ?IRTIES' BELIEF 9 TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS1 BUS9ESSLIKE EFFICI5CY1 & A NAIVE ADH]5CE TO ! B5EFITS ( 0GR[?40 ,! LOGIC ( ALL !SE IDEAS IS ?AT DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE IS SE5 AS SECOND>Y TO A FULL BELLY1 ! E>?Y PROLET>IAT T5DS TO BE EULOGIZ$ OV] ! 0EFFETE0 9TELLECTUALS1 & 5VIRONM5TAL1 FEM9I/1 & COMMUNIT>IAN ISSUES >E REG>D$ AS 0PETIT-B\RGEOIS0 FRIVOLITIES BY COMP>ISON ) ! MAT]IAL NE$S ( 0WORK+ PEOPLE40 ,:E!R ! TWO SIDES ( ?IS 0BALANCE %EET0 NE$ BE PLAC$ AT ODDS ) EA* O!R IS A PROBLEM ?AT NEI!R ,S&]S NOR MANY RADICALS ( HIS K9D HAVE FULLY RESOLV$4 ,! TRAG$Y IS ?AT ,S&]S DID NOT LIVE \T HIS LIFE BETWE5 #ahg & #a#i#d1 & ! P>ADOX ?AT FACES HIM IS3 :Y DOES A CON/ELLATION ( IDEAS ?AT SEEM$ SO REBELLI\S FIFTY YE>S AGO APPE> TO BE SO CONS]VATIVE TODAY8 ,?IS1 LET ME NOTE1 IS NOT ONLY ,S&]S' PROBLEM4 ,IT IS ONE ?AT CONFRONTS A V]Y SIZABLE P>T ( ! LEFT TODAY4 ,S&]S IS BY NO MEANS ! SOLE FOCUS ( ?IS P>ADOX4 ,! FACT IS ?AT ,S&]S' PROBLEMS1 P]SONAL AS !Y SEEM1 REALLY REFLECT PROBLEMS ?AT EXI/ 9 ,BURL+TON ITSELF4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! NOTION ?AT ,V]MONT IS :AT ,AM]ICA US$ TO BE1 ! /ATE -- & P>TICUL>LY1 ,BURL+TON -- IS MORE LIKE :AT ,AM]ICA IS BECOM+ ?AN :AT ,AM]ICA WAS4 ,! MAJOR CORPORATIONS 9 ! CITY & ITS 5VIRONS >E ,I,B,M & ,G,E -- & ! ,G,E PLANT 9 ,BURL+TON MAKES ! ONLY ,GATL+ GUN 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 A HORR5D\S FACT ?AT %\LD BY ALL RIDS 7,NUMB]S ,TWO & ,?REE71 CONSI/S 9 L>GE P>T ( HOME-BR$ ,V]MONT]S :O WORK 9 S]VICE1 REPAIR1 & MA9T5ANCE JOBS :5 !Y HAVE JOBS AT ALL4 ,! REMA9+ F\R W>DS >E FILL$ ) NEWCOM]S TO ! CITY & ) ELD]LY PEOPLE :O HAVE ! LUCK TO [N !IR HOMES4 ,BASICALLY MIDDLE-CLASS 9 WORK & VALUES1 ! =M A PEPP] MIX ( OLD ,V]MONT]S & 0NEW PR(ESSIONALS10 A T]M ?AT EMBRACES ANYONE FROM 9SURANCE BROK]S1 REAL-E/ATE OP]ATORS1 & RETAIL]S TO DOCTORS1 LAWY]S1 & PR(ESSORS4 ,HIPPIES /ILL M+LE FREELY ) ,YUPPIES2 9DE$1 9 EGALIT>IAN ,V]MONT1 !RE IS A REASONABLE DEGREE ( 9T]C\RSE BETWE5 ! WEAL?Y1 ! WELL-TO-DO1 & ! POOR4 ,:AT IS MO/ IMPORTANT3 ,BURL+TON IS A T[N 9 FR5ZI$ TRANSITION4 ,A SLEEPY LITTLE PLACE SOME FIFTE5 YE>S AGO ) BACON-&-EGG D9]S1 H>DW>E /ORES1 CLO?+ EMPORIUMS1 & EV5 A GUN %OP 9 ! C5T] ( T[N1 IT IS BECOM+ A BEEHIVE ( ACTIVITY4 ,ELECTRONICS 9 ALL ITS =MS IS MOV+ 9TO ,V]MONT TOGE!R ) B\TIQUES1 9NS1 HOTELS1 (FICE BUILD+S1 $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS -- & 9 ,BURL+TON1 P>TICUL>LY1 A ?RIV+ ACADEMIC E/ABLI%M5T ?AT DRAWS ?\S&S ( /UD5TS & !IR P>5TS 9TO ITS COMM]CIAL FOLD4 ,! PROBLEMS ( 0MOD]NIZATION0 ?AT CONFRONT ! T[N PRODUCE V]Y MIX$ REACTIONS -- NOT ONLY 9 ITS 9HABITANTS BUT 9 ,S&]S4 ,A L>GE NUMB] ( PEOPLE FEEL PLUND]$1 9CLUD+ SOME ( ! PLUND]]S1 IF Y\ >E TO BELIEVE !M4 ,BURL+TON IS LIV+ EVID5CE ?AT MY? CAN BE REAL1 EV5 MORE REAL ?AN REALITY ITSELF4 ,ACCORD+LY1 MY? HOLDS ?AT ,BURL+TON IS SMALL1 HOMEY1 C>+1 CRIME-FREE1 9DEP5D5T1 MUTUALI/IC1 LIB]AL1 & 9NOC5TLY ,AM]ICAN 9 ITS BELIEF ?AT EV]Y?+ GOOD CAN HAPP5 IF ONE SO WILLS IT TO BE4 ,?IS GL[+ ,AM]ICAN OPTIMISM1 9 MY VIEW ONE ( \R NATIONAL ASSETS1 (T5 LIVES 9 DOLEFUL CONTRADICTION ) ! FACT ?AT IF EV]Y?+ GOOD CAN HAPP51 EV]Y?+ BAD DOES HAPP5 -- 9CLUD+ UNION-BU/+1 GR[+ CONTRA/S BETWE5 RI* & POOR1 H\S+ %ORTAGES1 RIS+ R5TS1 G5TRIFICATION1 POLLUTION1 P>K+ PROBLEMS1 TRAFFIC CONGE/ION1 9CREAS+ CRIME1 ANOMIE1 & GR[?1 MORE GR[?1 & /ILL MORE GR[? -- UPW>D1 9W>D1 & \TW>D4 ,! T5SION BETWE5 MY? & REALITY IS AS /RONG AS BETWE5 ONE SET ( REALITIES & ANO!R4 ,BURL+TONIANS G5]ALLY DO NOT LIKE :AT IS HAPP5+1 AL?\< !RE >E F> TOO MANY ( !M :O >E MAK+ ! MO/ ( IT4 ,EV5 ! ALLEG$ 0B5EFITS0 ( GR[? & MOD]NIZATION >E RIDDL$ BY !IR [N 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS4 ,IF !RE >E MORE JOBS & LITTLE UNEMPLOYM5T1 !RE IS L[] PAY & RIS+ LIV+ CO/S4 ,IF !RE >E MORE T\RI/S & A V]Y AMIABLE CITIZ5RY TO RECEIVE !M1 !RE IS LESS SPREAD ( 9COME ACROSS SOCIAL L9ES & MORE ROBB]IES4 ,IF !RE IS MORE CON/RUCTION & LESS LABOR %ORTAGES1 !RE >E FEW] HOMES & MORE NEWCOM]S4 ,(FICE-BUILD+ & G5TRIFICATION GO H& 9 H& ) FEW] SMALL BUS9ESSES & F> TOO MANY PEOPLE :O NE$ 9EXP5SIVE %ELT]4 ,V]Y CRUCIAL TO ALL ( ?IS IS ! CONFLICT ( VALUES & CULTURES ?AT 0MOD]NIZATION0 PRODUCES4 ,BASICALLY1 ,BURL+TONIANS WANT TO KEEP !IR CITY 9TIMATE1 C>+1 & LIB]AL4 ,!Y LIKE TO BELIEVE ?AT !Y >E LIV+ AN OLD] WAY ( LIFE ) MOD]N CONV5I5CES & 9 ACCORD ) FI]CELY 9DEP5D5T VALUES ?AT >E ROOT$ 9 A COLORFUL PA/4 ,IT IS ?IS UND]LY+ 9DEP5D5CE ( ,V]MONT]S G5]ALLY1 9CLUD+ NEWCOM]S :O >E ABSORB$ 9TO ,BURL+TON1 ?AT MAKES ! CLA% BETWE5 A L+]+ LIB]T>IAN ,YANKEE TRADITION & A CORROSIVE1 AU?ORIT>IAN CORPORATE REALITY SO 9H]5TLY EXPLOSIVE4 ,IRONICALLY1 ,B]N>D ,S&]S [ES HIS PRES5T POLITICAL C>E] TO ! IRASCIBLE PUBLIC BEHAVIOR ?IS LIB]T>IAN TRADITION PRODUCES1 YET HE UND]/&S ?AT BEHAVIOR V]Y LITTLE4 ,TO ,S&]S1 ,BURL+TON IS BASICALLY ,DETROIT AS IT WAS TWO G5]ATIONS AGO & ! FACT ?AT ! T[N WAS 0NOT = SALE0 9 #aiha C>RI$ MIX$ MESSAGES TO HIM & HIS ELECTORATE4 ,TO ! ELECTORATE1 ! SLOGAN MEANT ?AT ! CITY & ITS VALUES W]E PRICELESS & H5CE W]E TO BE GU>D$ & PRES]V$ AS MU* AS POSSIBLE4 ,TO ,S&]S1 ALL RHETORIC ASIDE1 IT MEANT ?AT ! CITY1 AL?\< NOT ON AN AUCTION BLOCK1 HAD A G5U9ELY HI< PRICE TAG4 ,:E!R ! ELECTORATE :O VOT$ = HIM WAS LESS 0REALI/IC0 ?AN ,S&]S IS NOT RELEVANT3 ! FACT IS ?AT BO? SAW ! 0SALE0 ( ! CITY FROM DIFF]5T1 IF NOT RADICALLY OPPOS+1 P]SPECTIVES4 ,BO?1 9 FACT1 W]E GUID$ BY V>Y+ 0REALITY PR9CIPLES40 ,! ELECTORATE WANT$ A GREAT] SAY 9 ! CITY'S FUTURE2 ,S&]S WANT$ TO BR+ MORE EFFICI5CY TO ITS DISPOSITION4 ,! ELECTORATE WANT$ TO PRES]VE ! CITY'S HUMAN SCALE & QUALITY ( LIFE2 ,S&]S WANT$ IT TO GR[ ACCORD+ TO A WELL-DESIGN$ PLAN & ) DUE REG>D = CO/-EFFECTIV5ESS4 ,! ELECTORATE1 9 EFFECT1 SAW ,BURL+TON AS A HOME & WANT$ TO KEEP ITS EMPHASIS ON OLD-/YLE VALUES ALIVE2 ,S&]S1 TOGE!R ) MANY ( HIS OPPON5TS1 SAW IT AS A BUS9ESS & WANT$ ITS 0GR[?0 TO BE B5EFICIAL1 PRESUMABLY TO 0WORK+ PEOPLE40 ,?IS IS NOT TO D5Y ?AT ,BURL+TON HAS ITS FAIR %>E ( ECONOMIC PR$ATORS & POLITICAL OP]ATORS OR ?AT PROP]TY TAXES >E V]Y IMPORTANT & MAT]IAL PROBLEMS RANG+ FROM %ELT] TO ! CO/ ( FOOD >E V]Y REAL4 ,BUT ?IS T[N ALSO HAS A DEEP S5SE ( MUNICIPAL PRIDE & ITS HIG]1 LESS HI/ORICALLY CONSCI\S1 & LESS 5VIRONM5TALLY ORI5T$ COMMUNITIES4 ,S&]S W\LD NEV] ADMIT ?AT = ,BURL+TONIANS1 ! ELECTORATE'S 9DEP5D5CE HAS BEGUN TO CLA% ) HIS FAD+ REG>D = DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE2 ?AT TE*NOLOGICAL 0PROGRESS0 & /RUCTURAL 0GR[?0 CAN >\SE MORE SUSPICION ?AN 5?USIASM2 ?AT ! QUALITY ( LIFE RUNS NECK & NECK AS AN ISSUE ) MAT]IAL B5EFITS4 ,9DE$1 = ,S&]S & HIS ADM9I/RATION 7! TWO >E NOT NECESS>ILY ID5TICAL71 ?IRTIES SOCIALISM IS NOTABLE = ! FACT ?AT IT RESCUES ! M>KETPLACE FROM 0AN>*Y10 NOT ?AT IT NECESS>ILY *ALL5GES ! M>KET SY/EM AS SU* & ITS IMPACT ON ! CITY4 ,9 ,S&]S' V]SION ( SOCIALISM1 !RE IS A %>P 0BUS9ESS0 ORI5TATION T[>D ,BURL+TON AS A WELL-MANAG$ CORPORATE 5T]PRISE4 ,H]E9 LIES ! GREATE/ IRONY ( ALL3 ALL RHETORIC ASIDE1 ,B]N>D ,S&]S' V]SION ( SOCIALISM IS PROV+ TO BE A SUBTLE 9/RUM5T = RATIONALIZ+ ! M>KETPLACE -- NOT = CONTROLL+ IT1 MU* LESS ?REAT5+ IT4 ,HIS ?IRTIES-TYPE RADICALISM1 LIKE ,FRANK5/E9'S 0MON/]10 IS RIS+ UP TO *ALL5GE ITS [N CREATOR4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ,S&]S DOES NOT MAKE HI/ORY2 MORE (T5 ?AN NOT1 HE IS ONE ( ITS VICTIMS4 ,H5CE TO UND]/& ! DIRECTION HE IS FOLL[+ & ! PROBLEMS IT RAISES = RADICALS G5]ALLY1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO FOCUS NOT ON HIS RHETORIC1 :I* MAKES HIS ADM9I/RATION SO ALLUR+ TO SOCIALI/S 9SIDE & \TSIDE ( ,V]MONT1 BUT TO TAKE A H>D LOOK AT ! REALITIES ( HIS PRACTICE4 ,S&]S' ,RECORD ,S,&,],S' ,C,L,A,I,M ?AT HE HAS CREAT$ 0OP5 GOV]NM5T0 9 ,BURL+TON IS PREMIS$ ON A V]Y ELA/IC ASSUMPTION ( :AT ONE MEANS BY ! WORD 0OP540 ,?AT ,S&]S PRIDES HIMSELF ON BE+ 0RESPONSIVE0 TO UND]PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE 9 ,BURL+TON :O >E FAC$ ) EVICTIONS1 LACK ( HEAT1 WRET*$ H\S+ CONDITIONS1 & ! ILLS ( POV]TY IS NOT EVID5CE ( 0OP5NESS0 -- ?AT IS1 IF WE ASSUME ! T]M MEANS GREAT] MUNICIPAL DEMOCRACY & PUBLIC P>TICIPATION4 ,:AT (T5 PASSES = 0OP5 GOV]NM5T0 9 ! ,S&]S COSMOS IS ! MAYOR'S WILL+NESS TO HE> ! COMPLA9TS & DI/RESS SIGNALS ( HIS CLI5TS & C\RTI]S1 NOT A RESPONSIBILITY TO GIVE !M ANY APPRECIABLE %>E 9 ! CITY'S GOV]NM5T4 ,:AT ,S&]S DISP5SES UND] ! NAME ( 0OP5 GOV]NM5T0 IS P]SONAL PAT]NALISM RA!R ?AN DEMOCRACY4 ,AFT] SIX YE>S ( ,S&]S' PAT]NALISM1 !RE IS NO?+ ?AT RESEMBLES ,B]KELEY'S ELABORATE NETWORK ( GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS & C\NCILS ?AT FE$ 9TO ,CITY ,HALL4 ,:5 IT COMES TO MUNICIPAL DEMOCRACY1 ,S&]S IS SURPRIS+LY TIDS V]Y CLOSE TO HIS *E/4 ,QU]I$ %ORTLY AFT] HIS #aiha ELECTION ON A LOCAL TALK-%[1 ,Y\ ,CAN ,QUOTE ,ME1 ,S&]S WAS PO9T$LY ASK$ IF HE FAVOR$ T[N-MEET+ GOV]NM5T1 A V]Y TRADITIONAL =M ( CITIZ5 ASSEMBLIES ?AT HAS DEEP-SEAT$ ROOTS 9 ,V]MONT T[N%IPS4 ,S&]S' RESPONSE WAS AS PO9T$ AS ! QUE/ION4 ,IT WAS AN EMPHATIC 0,NO40 ,AFT] EXPRESS+ HIS PROCLIVITY = ! PRES5T ALD]MANIC SY/EM1 ! MAYOR WAS TO 5T] 9TO A *RONIC BATTLE ) ! 0,REPUBLICRAT0 BO>D ( ALD]M5 OV] APPO9TM5TS & REQUE/S ?AT W]E TO BE /UBBORNLY REJECT$ BY ! V]Y SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T ?AT HAD HIS E>LY SANCTION4 ,S&]S' QU>RELS ) ! BO>D ( ALD]M5 DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY ALT] HIS ID5TIFICATION ( 0OP5 GOV]NM5T0 ) P]SONAL PAT]NALISM4 ,AS AN ACCEPT$ FIXTURE 9 ,BURL+TON'S CIVIC POLITICS1 HE N[ RUNS ! CITY ) COOL SELF-ASSURANCE1 SURR\ND$ BY A SMALL GR\P ( A HALF-DOZ5 OR SO AIDES :O =MULATE HIS BE/ IDEAS & OCCASIONALLY RECEIVE HIS MO/ /RID5T V]BAL ABUSE4 ,! ,MAYOR'S ,C\NCIL ON ! ,>TS IS A H&-PICK$ AFFAIR1 :E!R BY ! MAYOR DIRECTLY OR BY COMPLETELY D$ICAT$ DEVOTEES2 SIMIL>LY1 ! ,MAYOR'S ,Y\? ,(FICE4 ,IT IS DIFFICULT TO TELL :5 ,S&]S WILL CREATE ANO!R 0C\NCIL0 -- OR1 MORE APPROPRIATELY1 AN 0(FICE0 -- EXCEPT TO NOTE ?AT !RE >E PEACE1 5VIRONM5TAL1 & GAY COMMUNITIES1 NOT TO SPEAK ( UNEMPLOY$1 ELD]LY1 WELF>E1 & MANY SIMIL> CON/ITU5TS :O HAVE NO 0,MAYOR'S0 C\NCILS 9 ,CITY ,HALL4 ,NOR IS IT CLE> TO :AT EXT5T ANY ( ! EXI/+ C\NCILS AU!NTICALLY REPRES5T LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS &_/OR T5D5CIES ?AT EXI/ 9 ! SUBCULTURES & DEPRIV$ COMMUNITIES 9 ,BURL+TON4 ,S&]S IS A C5TRALI/ & HIS ADM9I/RATION1 DESPITE ITS DEMOCRATIC PROCLIVITIES1 T5DS TO LOOK MORE LIKE A CIVIC OLIG>*Y ?AN A MUNICIPAL DEMOCRACY4 ,! ,NEIDS 9 ! AUTUMN ( #aihb & HAVE BE5 WIDELY T\T$ AS EVID5CE ( 0GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY0 W]E NOT 9/ITUTIONS ?AT ORIG9AT$ 9 ,S&]S' HEAD4 ,!IR ORIG9 IS FAIRLY COMPLEX & /EMS FROM A WELT] ( NOTIONS ?AT W]E FLOAT+ >\ND ,BURL+TON 9 NEITICIPATION 9 ! CITY & ITS AFFAIRS4 ,?AT PEOPLE 9 ! ADM9I/RATION PLAY$ A ROLE 9 =M+ ASSEMBLIES IS 9DISPUTABLY TRUE1 BUT SO TOO DID O!RS :O HAVE S9CE COME TO OPPOSE ,S&]S = POSITIONS ?AT HAVE COMPROMIS$ HIS PL$GES TO ! ELECTORATE4 ,B]N>D ,S&]S' VIEW ( GOV]NM5T APPE>S 9 ITS MO/ %>PLY ET*$ =M 9 AN 9T]VIEW ! MAYOR GAVE TO A FAIRLY SYMPA!TIC REPORT] ON ! ,BURL+TON ,FREE ,PRESS 9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#h#d4 ,HEADL9$ 0,S&]S ,WORKS TO ,EXP& ,MAYOR'S ,ROLE10 ! /ORY C>RI$ A PORTRAIT ( ! MAYOR 9 ONE ( HIS MORE P5SIVE MOODS ) ! QUOTE3 0,WE >E ABSOLUTELY REWRIT+ ! ROLE ( :AT CITY GOV]NM5T IS SUPPOS$ TO BE DO+ 9 ! /ATE ( ,V]MONT4' ,! >TICLE LEAP$ IMM$IATELY 9TO ! :OLE ?RU/ ( ,S&]S' V]SION ( CITY GOV]NM5T3 0TO EXP& & /R5G!N ! ROLE ( ! . (FICE 9 CITY GOV]NM5T30 ,?IS PROCESS HAS BE5 M>K$ BY AN 0EXP&+ ,CITY ,HALL /AFF10 AN 9CREAS$ 0ROLE 9 ! SELECTION ( A NEW FIRE *IEF10 0A SIMIL> ROLE 9 ! ,POLICE ,DEP>TM5T10 & 09 DEVELOPM5T ISSUES1 SU* AS ! PROPOS$ D[NT[N HOTEL40 ,9 RESPONSE TO CRITICISM ?AT ,S&]S HAS BE5 0C5TRALIZ-+0 P[] & R$UC+ ! *ECKS & BALANCES 9 CITY GOV]NM5T1 HIS SUPPORT]S 0/RESS ?AT CITIZ5 9PUT1 ?R\< BO? ! ,NEITICIPATION 9 ELECTIONS H>DLY EQUATABLE TO DIRECT P>TICIPATION BY ! CITIZ5RY HAS LEFT ! MAYOR ?OR\S 9 ! ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ( ,MAY1 #a#i#h#d1 :]E A ,POLLYANNA >TICLE WRITT5 BY ,BE? ,BATES1 0A WRIT] & F>M]10 CELEBRATES ! VIRTUES ( ,S&]S' EF=TS AS 0,SOCIALISM ON ! ,LOCAL ,LEVEL0 -- FOLL[$1 ,I MIK4 ,LIKE ,S&]S' [N CLAIMS1 ! MA9 ?RU/ ( ! >TICLE IS ?AT ! 0SOCIALI/0 ADM9I/RATION IS 0EFFICI5T40 ,S&]S HAS %[N ?AT 0RADICALS1 TOO1 CAN BE FISCAL CONS]VATIVES1 EV5 :ILE !Y >E CONC]N$ ?AT GOV]NM5T DOES ! LITTLE ?+S ?AT MAKE LIFE MORE COM=TABLE0 LIKE /REET REPAIR1 VOLUNTE] AID TO DIG PA?S = ! ELD]LY AFT] SN[/ORMS1 & SAVE MONEY4 ,! ADM9I/RATION BR+S GREAT] REV5UES 9TO ! CITY'S C(F]S BY MOD]NIZ+ ! BUDGET>Y PROCESS1 PR9CIPALLY BY 9VE/+ ITS MONEY 9 HI<-RETURN 9/ITUTIONS1 OP5+ CITY CONTRACTS TO COMPETITIVE BIDD+1 C5TRALIZ+ PUR*AS+1 & SLAPP+ FEES ON A WIDE RANGE ( ITEMS LIKE BUILD+ P]MITS1 UTILITY EXCAVATIONS1 PRIVATE FIRE & POLICE AL>MS1 & ! LIKE4 ,?AT ,S&]S HAS \T-,REPUBLICAN$ ! ,REPUBLICANS %\LD NOT BE TAK5 LIS C]TA9 FASC9AT+ SIMIL>ITIES TO ! ,REAGAN ADM9I/RATION4 ,:AT ,S&]S HAS ADOPT$ ) A V5GEANCE IS 0TRICKLE-D[N0 ECONOMICS -- ! PHILOSOPHY ?AT 0GR[?0 = PR(IT HAS A SPILLOV] EFFECT 9 CREAT+ JOBS & IMPROV+ ! PUBLIC WELF>E4 ,NOT SURPRIS+LY1 ! ,CITY'S #aihd 0,ANNUAL ,REPORT0 ( ! ,COMMUNITY & ,ECONOMIC ,DEVELOPM5T ,(FICE 7A ,S&]S CREATION7 REALLY BEG9S ) A *UNKY SECTION ON 0,U,D,A,G ,SPUR ,DEVELOPM5T40 ,U,D,A,GS >E ,URBAN ,DEVELOPM5T ,ACTION ,GRANTS ?AT >E MEANT TO 0LEV]AGE0 COMMITM5TS TO GR[? BY ! 0PRIVATE SECTOR40 ,! ,(FICE CELEBRATES ! FACT ?AT !SE GRANT REQUE/S TO ,WA%+TON WILL YIELD @s#b#e MILLION FROM 0! PRIVATE SECTOR0 & 0CREATE AN E/IMAT$ #eef NEW FULL-TIME1 P]MAN5T JOBS1 & G5]ATE AN ADDITIONAL @s#c#c#b1#f#c#h P] YE> 9 PROP]TY TAXES40 ,AMONG ITS MANY A*IEVEM5TS1 ! GRANT WILL HELP ! [N]S ( ! ,RADISSON ,HOTEL 9 ,BURL+TON 7AN EYESORE ?AT IS BLOCK+ \T P>T ( ,BURL+TON'S MAGNIFIC5T LAKE VIEW1 & A CORPORATE PLAYGR\ND IF !RE EV] WAS ONE7 EXP& !IR PROP]TY BY 0#e#g GUE/ ROOMS & AN ADDITIONAL #a1 SQU>E FEET ( MEET+ & BANQUET SPACE4 ,A NEW #ee SPACE P>K+ G>AGE ) COV]$ ACCESS TO ! HOTEL WILL BE CON/RUCT$4 ,! ,RADISSON ,HOTEL WILL N[ BE ABLE TO ACCOMMODATE REGIONAL & ASSOCIATION CONV5TIONS4 ,! PROJECT ALSO 9CLUDES EXPANSION ( RETAIL SPACE 7#c#b1#e SQU>E FEET7 )9 ! ,BURL+TON ,SQU>E ,MALL4 ,CON/RUCTION HAS BEGUN1 & ! PROJECT IS S*$UL$ = COMPLETION 9 LATE #a#i#h#e40 ,! O!R GRANTS >E LESS LASCIVI\S BUT !Y 9V>IABLY DEAL ) PROJECTS TO EI!R CON/RUCT OR REHABILITATE (FICE1 COMM]CIAL1 9DU/RIAL1 & DEP>TM5T-/ORE CON/RUCTION -- ASIDE FROM ! NOXI\S ,S&]S WAT]FRONT S*EME1 ( :I* MORE %ORTLY4 ,ONE S]I\SLY WOND]S :O ?IS K9D ( DESCRIPTIVE MAT]IAL IS MEANT TO SATISFY4 ,POT5TIAL EMPLOYES :O COMMONLY SELL !IR LABOR P[] = M9IMUM WAGE-RATES 9 A CITY ?AT IS NOTORI\SLY CLOS$ TO UNIONIZATION8 ,! ,OLD ,NOR? ,5D]S :O >E ! RECIPI5TS ( SCANTY REHABILITATION FUNDS & A L&-TRU/ PROGRAM = ! PUR*ASE ( H\SES1 AN 9NOVATIVE IDEA ?AT IS /ILL TO FULLY PROVE ITSELF \T8 ,A FEW SMALL BUS9ESSM5 :O HAVE RECEIV$ LOANS TO DEVELOP !IR 5T]PRISES OR O!RS :O HAVE HAD !IR FACADES IMPROV$ 9 :AT ,S&]S CELEBRATES AS AN ATTEMPT TO 0REVITALIZE0 ! ,OLD ,NOR? ,5D1 AN >EA ?AT IS /ILL ONE ( ! MO/ DEPRESS+ & DEPRESS$ 9 ,V]MONT8 ,! ILL-H\S$ & ELD]LY = :OM ! (FICE-BUILD+ SPREE MAKES ! LIMIT$ AM\NT ( L[-9COME H\S+ CON/RUCTION SEEM LIKE A MOCK]Y ( !IR NE$S8 ,AP>T FROM ! CONDOS & SO-CALL$ 0MOD]ATE-9COME0 H\SES ?AT HAVE SURFAC$ 9 P>T ( ! CITY1 H\S+ = ! UND]PRIVILEG$ IS NOT A RECURR+ !ME 9 ,S&]S' SPEE*ES EXCEPT :5 ! MAYOR IS ON AN ELECTORAL W>PA?4 ,AFT] A T5TATIVE /AB AT SOME K9D ( 0R5T CONTROL0 :I* WAS DEFEAT$ AT ! POLLS ON ! HEELS ( A HUGE PROPAG&A BLITZ BY WELL-TO-DO PROP]TY [N]S1 ! ADM9I/RATION HAS BE5 RETIC5T AB\T RAIS+ R5T-CONTROL ISSUES G5]ALLY1 LET ALONE MAK+ A CONC]T$ EF=T AT $UCAT+ ! PUBLIC AB\T !M4 ,BURL+TON1 9 EFFECT1 IS WITNESS+ :AT ONE J\RNALI/IC WAG HAS APPROPRIATELY CALL$ 0G5TRIFICATION ) A HUMAN FACE40 ,9DE$1 SU* CRUCIAL ISSUES AS H\S+ = ! POOR & ELD]LY1 UNIONIZATION ( ! GROSSLY UND]PAID1 5VIRONM5TAL DET]IORATION1 & ! RAPID ATTRITION ( OLD1 SOCIALLY USEFUL1 SMALL CONC]NS ?AT CAN NO LONG] AF=D ! SO>+ D[NT[N R5TALS -- ALL HAVE TAK5 SECOND PLACE DUR+ ! PA/ YE> TO BIG /RUCTURAL S*EMES LIKE A WAT]FRONT PLAN4 ,MORE SO ?AN ANY O!R ,S&]S PROPOSAL1 ?IS PLAN HAS OP5$ A LONG OV]DUE S*ISM BETWE5 ! MAYOR & HIS POPUL> SUPPORT]S 9 ! ,OLD ,NOR? ,5D1 ! MO/ RADICAL CON/ITU5CY 9 ,BURL+TON4 ,S,&,],S' ,W,A,T,],F,R,O,N,T ,P,L,A,N IS BURD5$ BY A HITICLE 9 ITSELF TO UNRAVEL4 ,! #b#d4#e-ACRE PROP]TY1 [N$ P>TLY BY ! ,V]MONT ,C5TRAL ,RAILROAD1 ! ,ALD5 ,CORPORATION 7A CONSORTIUM ( WEAL?Y LOCALS71 & ! CITY ITSELF1 FACES ONE ( ! MO/ SC5IC LAKE & M\NTA9 >EAS 9 ! NOR!A/4 ,PAQUETTE1 ,S&]S' PR$ECESSOR1 PLANN$ TO 0DEVELOP0 ?IS SPECTACUL> SITE ) HID9AL ISSUE 9 ALL HIS CAMPAIGNS4 ,CIVIC DEMOCRACY WAS O/5SIBLY S]V$ :5 AN OP5 MEET+ WAS ORGANIZ$ BY ! ADM9I/RATION 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#h#c1 TO =MULATE PRIORITIES :I* ! PUBLIC FELT %\LD BE REFLECT$ 9 ANY DESIGN4 ,BROK5 D[N BY W>DS 9 ,N,P,A FA%ION1 ! MEET+'S PRIORITIES C5T]$ >\ND WALKWAYS1 OP5 SPACE1 PUBLIC ACCESS1 RE/AURANTS & %OPS1 EV5 A MUSEUM & WILDLIFE SANCTU>Y -- &1 9 ADDITION TO SIMIL> PUBLIC AM5ITIES1 MIX$ H\S+4 ,:E!R !SE PRIORITIES C\LD HAVE BE5 MET )\T A ,U,D,A,G IS HI P>K+ G>AGE1 AN (FICE BUILD+1 A N>R[ PUBLIC WALKWAY ALONG ! LAKESIDE -- & AN AMBIGU\S PROMISE TO PROVIDE ?REE HUNDR$ MIX$ H\S+ UNITS1 PRESUMABLY 0AVAILABLE = L[ & MOD]ATE 9COME &_/OR H&ICAPP$ PEOPLE30 ,EV5 SO1 ?IS H\S+ PROPOSAL WAS H$G$ BY SU* CAVEATS AS 0TO ! EXT5T FEASIBLE0 & ! NE$ TO ACQUIRE 0BEL[-M>KET F9ANC+0 & R5T-LEVEL 0SUBSIDIES40 ,FOLL[+ ! REFUSAL ( ! ,U,D,A,G1 ! PLAN RESURFAC$ AGA9 FROM ,CITY ,HALL ) TWO NOTABLE ALT]ATIONS4 ,MIX$ H\S+ DISAPPE>$ COMPLETELY EV5 AS A PROMISE -- TO BE REPLAC$ BY #ae TO #c CONDOS PRIC$ AT @s#a#g#e-#c1 EA* 7A TYPICAL ,BURL+TON H\SES SELLS = @s#g-#h17 & PUBLIC SPACE1 MEAG] TO BEG9 )1 WAS FUR!R ATT5UAT$4 ,FROM A RESID5TIAL VIEWPO9T1 ! 0WAT]FRONT = ! PEOPLE0 HAD BECOME PRECISELY AN 05CLAVE = ! RI*10 ONE ( ! V]BAL ?UND]BOLTS ,S&]S HAD DIRECT$ AT ! ,PAQUETTE PROPOSAL4 ,! PRIVILEGES ACCORD$ BY ! WAT]FRONT PLAN TO MONEY$ PEOPLE >E A REM9D] ?AT ONLY TOK5 AID HAS BE5 PROVID$ TO ! POOR4 ,! ME?ODS EMPLOY$ BY ,S&]S TO 5G9E] PUBLIC CONS5T = ! PLAN HAVE BE5 ESPECIALLY (F5SIVE3 ! BLITZ ( ADS FAVOR+ ! MAYOR'S & ,ALD5 ,CORPORATION'S V]SION ( ! S*EME1 9 :I* ,S&]I/AS F\ND !IR NAMES LI/$ ) ?OSE ( ! MO/ NOTORI\S UNION-BU/]S 9 ! /ATE1 /&S 9 %>P CONTRA/ ) ! RELATIVELY WEAK CAMPAIGNS LAUN*$ BY ,CITY ,HALL ON BEHALF ( R5T CONTROL & IMPROV$ H\S+4 ,PUBLIC REACTION CAME TO A HEAD :5 ! ELECTORATE1 SUMMON$ TO VOTE ON A BOND ISSUE TO COV] ! CITY'S CONTRIBUTION TO ! PLAN1 PRODUC$ />TL+ RESULTS4 ,DESPITE ! %E] FR5ZY ?AT M>K$ ! MAYOR'S CAMPAIGN = A 0YES0 VOTE1 ! W>D-BY-W>D RETURNS REVEAL$ A REM>KABLE %IFT 9 SOCIAL ATTITUDES T[>D ,S&]S4 ,AL?\< A TWO-?IRDS MAJORITY IS NE$$ TO C>RY A BOND ISSUE 9 ,BURL+TON1 ,W>DS #b & #c ( ! ,OLD ,NOR? ,5D VOT$ D[N ! BOND ISSUE FLATLY4 ,SO MU* = ! REACTION ( ,S&]S' 0WORK+-CLASS0 BASE :I* HAD GIV5 ! MAYOR HIS L>GE/ PLURALITIES 9 ! PA/4 ,W>D #d1 A CONV5TIONAL MIDDLE-CLASS DI/RICT1 REGAL$ ! MAYOR ) B>ELY A SIMPLE MAJORITY ( FIVE VOTES1 & ,W>D #e1 ! MO/ SYMPA!TIC ( HIS MIDDLE-CLASS CON/ITU5CIES1 A FLAT FIFTE5-VOTE REJECTION4 ,S&]S' HID #f -- 0,! ,HILL10 AS IT HAS BE5 CALL$ -- :I* CONTA9S ! HID 9 ,BURL+TON :I* ALONE SUPPORT$ ! BOND ISSUE BY A TWO-?IRDS VOTE1 BUT4 BY ! ,OLD ,NOR? ,5D1 :I* FLATLY REJECT$ HIS PROPOSAL4 ,A CLASS ISSUE HAD EM]G$ :I* N[ SEEMS TO HAVE REFLECT$ A DISGU/ ) A RHETORIC ?AT YIELDS LITTLE VISIBLE RESULTS4 ,! ,U,L,T,I,M,A,T,E ,E,F,F,E,C,T ,( ,S&]S' AG+ =M ( 0SOCIALISM0 IS TO FACILITATE ! EASE ) :I* BUS9ESS 9T]E/S CAN PR(IT FROM ! CITY4 ,BEYOND ! DANG]S ( AN 9CREAS+LY C5TRALIZ$ CIVIC MA*9]Y1 ONE ?AT MU/ EV5TUALLY BE 9H]IT$ BY A 0,REPUBLICRAT0 ADM9I/RATION1 >E ! EXTRAORD9>Y PRIVILEGES ,S&]S HASPROVID$ TO ! MO/ PR$ATORY 5T]PRISES 9 ,BURL+TON -- PRIVILEGES ?AT HAVE BE5 JU/IFI$ BY A 0SOCIALISM0 ?AT IS COMMITT$ TO 0GR[?10 0PLANN+10 0ORD]10 & A BLUE-COLL> 0RADICALISM0 ?AT ACTUALLY YIELDS L[-PAY+ JOBS & NONUNION E/ABLI%M5TS )\T ANY REG>D TO ! QUALITY ( LIFE & 5VIRONM5TAL WELL-BE+ ( ! COMMUNITY AT L>GE4 ,B]N>D ,S&]S C\LD HAVE E/ABLI%$ AN EXAMPLE ( A RADICAL MUNICIPALISM1 ONE ROOT$ 9 ,V]MONT'S LOCALI/ TRADITION ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 ?AT MI5A = DEVELOP+ AN ACTIVE CITIZ5RY & A POPUL> POLITICAL CULTURE4 ,:E!R IT WAS BECAUSE ( A %ALL[ PRODUCTIVI/ NOTION ( 0SOCIALISM0 ORI5T$ >\ND 0GR[?0 & 0EFFICI5CY0 OR SIMPLY P]SONAL C>E]ISM1 ! ,BURL+TON MAYOR HAS BE5 GUID$ BY A /RATEGY ?AT SACRIFICES $UCATION TO MOBILIZATION & DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLES TO PRAGMATIC RESULTS4 ,?IS 0MANAG]IAL RADICALISM0 ) ITS TE*NOCRATIC BIAS & ITS CORPORATE CONC]N = EXPANSION IS B\RGEOIS TO ! CORE -- & EV5 BR+S ! AU!NTICITY ( TRADITIONAL 0SOCIALI/0 CANONS 9TO GRAVE QUE/ION4 ,A REC5T ,BURL+TON ,FREE ,PRESS HEADL9E :I* DECL>$3 0,S&]S ,UNITES ) ,BUS9ESS ON ,WAT]FRONT0 C\LD BE TAK5 AS A V]DICT BY ! LOCAL BUS9ESS E/ABLI%M5T AS A :OLE ?AT IT IS NOT !Y :O HAVE BE5 JO9+ ,S&]S BUT ,S&]S :O HAS JO9$ !M4 ,:5 PRODUCTIVI/ =MS ( 0SOCIALISM0 BEG9 TO RESEMBLE CORPORATE =MS ( CAPITALISM1 IT MAY BE WELL TO ASK H[ !SE 9V]SIONS OCCUR & :E!R !Y >E ACCID5TAL AT ALL4 ,?IS QUE/ION IS NOT ONLY ONE ?AT MU/ CONC]N ,S&]S & HIS SUPPORT]S2 IT IS A MATT] ( GRIM CONC]N = ! ,AM]ICAN RADICAL COMMUNITY AS A :OLE4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,OCTOB] #c#a1 #aihf 3 ,! ,B]NIE ,S&]S ,P>ADOX -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,JULY #a1 #bai 3 ,! ,B]NIE ,S&]S ,P>ADOX -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,! ,B]NIE ,S&]S ,P>ADOX -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/