,! ,CAPITALI/ ,SY/EM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 

,TEXT 3 

,IS IT NECESS>Y TO REPEAT H]E ! IRREFUTABLE >GUM5TS ( ,SOCIALISM :I* NO B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/ HAS YET SUCCE$$ 9 DISPROV+8 ,:AT IS PROP]TY1 :AT IS CAPITAL 9 !IR PRES5T =M8 ,= ! CAPITALI/ & ! PROP]TY [N] !Y MEAN ! P[] & ! RI<T1 GU>ANTE$ BY ! ,/ATE1 TO LIVE )\T WORK+4 ,& S9CE NEI!R PROP]TY NOR CAPITAL PRODUCES ANY?+ :5 NOT F]TILIZ$ BY LABOR -- ?AT MEANS ! P[] & ! RI<T TO LIVE BY EXPLOIT+ ! WORK ( SOMEONE ELSE1 ! RI<T TO EXPLOIT ! WORK ( ?OSE :O POSSESS NEI!R PROP]TY NOR CAPITAL & :O ?US >E =C$ TO SELL !IR PRODUCTIVE P[] TO ! LUCKY [N]S ( BO?4  ,NOTE ?AT ,I HAVE LEFT \T ( ACC\NT ALTOGE!R ! FOLL[+ QUE/ION3 ,9 :AT WAY DID PROP]TY & CAPITAL EV] FALL 9TO ! H&S ( !IR PRES5T [N]S8 ,?IS IS A QUE/ION :I*1 :5 5VISAG$ FROM ! PO9TS ( VIEW ( HI/ORY1 LOGIC1 & JU/ICE1 CANNOT BE ANSW]$ 9 ANY O!R WAY BUT ONE :I* W\LD S]VE AS AN 9DICTM5T AGA9/ ! PRES5T [N]S4  ,I %ALL !RE=E CONF9E MYSELF H]E TO ! /ATEM5T ?AT PROP]TY [N]S & CAPITALI/S1 9ASMU* AS !Y LIVE NOT BY !IR [N PRODUCTIVE LABOR BUT BY GETT+ L& R5T1 H\SE R5T1 9T]E/ UPON !IR CAPITAL1 OR BY SPECULATION ON L&1 BUILD+S1 & CAPITAL1 OR BY ! COMM]CIAL & 9DU/RIAL EXPLOITATION ( ! MANUAL LABOR ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ALL LIVE AT ! EXP5SE ( ! PROLET>IAT4 7,SPECULATION & EXPLOITATION NO D\BT ALSO CON/ITUTE A SORT ( LABOR1 BUT ALTOGE!R NONPRODUCTIVE LABOR47 

,I KN[ ONLY TOO WELL ?AT ?IS MODE ( LIFE IS HI<LY E/EEM$ 9 ALL CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES1 ?AT IT IS EXPRESSLY & T5D]LY PROTECT$ BY ALL ! ,/ATES1 & ?AT ! ,/ATES1 RELIGIONS1 & ALL ! JURIDICAL LAWS1 BO? CRIM9AL & CIVIL1 & ALL ! POLITICAL GOV]NM5TS1 MON>*IES & REPUBLICAN -- ) !IR IMM5SE JUDICIAL & POLICE APP>ATUSES & !IR /&+ >MIES -- HAVE NO O!R MISSION BUT TO CONSECRATE & PROTECT SU* PRACTICES4 ,9 ! PRES5CE ( !SE P[]FUL & RESPECTABLE AU?ORITIES ,I CANNOT EV5 P]MIT MYSELF TO ASK :E!R ?IS MODE ( LIFE IS LEGITIMATE FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( HUMAN JU/ICE1 LIB]TY1 HUMAN EQUALITY1 & FRAT]NITY4 ,I SIMPLY ASK MYSELF3 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS1 >E FRAT]NITY & EQUALITY POSSIBLE BETWE5 ! EXPLOIT] & ! EXPLOIT$1 >E JU/ICE & FRE$OM POSSIBLE = ! EXPLOIT$8 

,LET US EV5 SUPPOSE1 AS IT IS BE+ MA9TA9$ BY ! B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S & ) !M ALL ! LAWY]S1 ALL ! WOR%IP]S & BELIEV]S 9 ! JURIDICAL RI<T1 ALL ! PRIE/S ( ! CIVIL & CRIM9AL CODE -- LET US SUPPOSE ?AT ?IS ECONOMIC RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! EXPLOIT] & ! EXPLOIT$ IS ALTOGE!R LEGITIMATE1 ?AT IT IS ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE1 ! PRODUCT ( AN ET]NAL1 9DE/RUCTIBLE SOCIAL LAW1 YET /ILL IT WILL ALWAYS BE TRUE ?AT EXPLOITATION PRECLUDES BRO!RHOOD & EQUALITY4  ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT IT PRECLUDES ECONOMIC EQUALITY4 ,SUPPOSE ,I AM Y\R WORK] & Y\ >E MY EMPLOY]4 ,IF ,I (F] MY LABOR AT ! L[E/ PRICE1 IF ,I CONS5T TO HAVE Y\ LIVE (F MY LABOR1 IT IS C]TA9LY NOT BECAUSE ( DEVOTION OR BRO!RLY LOVE = Y\4 ,& NO B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/ W\LD D>E TO SAY ?AT IT WAS1 H[EV] IDYLLIC & NAIVE !IR REASON+ BECOMES :5 !Y BEG9 TO SPEAK AB\T RECIPROCAL AFFECTIONS & MUTUAL RELATIONS :I* %\LD EXI/ BETWE5 EMPLOY]S & EMPLOYES4 ,NO1 ,I DO IT BECAUSE MY FAMILY & ,I W\LD />VE TO DEA? IF ,I DID NOT WORK = AN EMPLOY]4 ,?US ,I AM =C$ TO SELL Y\ MY LABOR AT ! L[E/ POSSIBLE PRICE1 & ,I AM =C$ TO DO IT BY ! ?REAT ( HUNG]4 

,BUT -- ! ECONOMI/S TELL US -- ! PROP]TY [N]S1 ! CAPITALI/S1 ! EMPLOY]S1 >E LIKEWISE =C$ TO SEEK \T & PUR*ASE ! LABOR ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,YES1 IT IS TRUE1 !Y >E =C$ TO DO IT1 BUT NOT 9 ! SAME MEASURE4 ,HAD !RE BE5 EQUALITY BETWE5 ?OSE :O (F] !IR LABOR & ?OSE :O PUR*ASE IT1 BETWE5 ! NECESSITY ( SELL+ ONE'S LABOR & ! NECESSITY ( BUY+ IT1 ! SLAV]Y & MIS]Y ( ! PROLET>IAT W\LD NOT EXI/4 ,BUT !N !RE W\LD BE NEI!R CAPITALI/S1 NOR PROP]TY [N]S1 NOR ! PROLET>IAT1 NOR RI*1 NOR POOR3 !RE W\LD ONLY BE WORK]S4 ,IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE SU* EQUALITY DOES NOT EXI/ ?AT WE HAVE & >E B\ND TO HAVE EXPLOIT]S4 

,?IS EQUALITY DOES NOT EXI/ BECAUSE 9 MOD]N SOCIETY :]E WEAL? IS PRODUC$ BY ! 9T]V5TION ( CAPITAL PAY+ WAGES TO LABOR1 ! GR[? ( ! POPULATION \T/RIPS ! GR[? ( PRODUCTION1 :I* RESULTS 9 ! SUPPLY ( LABOR NECESS>ILY SURPASS+ ! DEM& & LEAD+ TO A RELATIVE S9K+ ( ! LEVEL ( WAGES4 ,PRODUCTION ?US CON/ITUT$1 MONOPOLIZ$1 EXPLOIT$ BY B\RGEOIS CAPITAL1 IS PU%$ ON ! ONE H& BY ! MUTUAL COMPETITION ( ! CAPITALI/S TO CONC5TRATE EV]MORE 9 ! H&S ( AN EV] DIM9I%+ NUMB] ( P[]FUL CAPITALI/S1 OR 9 ! H&S ( JO9T-/OCK COMPANIES :I*1 [+ TO ! M]G+ ( !IR CAPITAL1 >E MORE P[]FUL ?AN ! BIGGE/ ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/S4 7,& ! SMALL & M$IUM-SIZ$ CAPITALI/S1 NOT BE+ ABLE TO PRODUCE AT ! SAME PRICE AS ! BIG CAPITALI/S1 NATURALLY SUCCUMB 9 ! DEADLY /RUGGLE47  ,ON ! O!R H&1 ALL 5T]PRISES >E =C$ BY ! SAME COMPETITION TO SELL !IR PRODUCTS AT ! L[E/ POSSIBLE PRICE4 ,IT .<CAPITALI/ MONOPOLY.> CAN ATTA9 ?IS TWO-FOLD RESULT ONLY BY =C+ \T AN EV]-GR[+ NUMB] ( SMALL OR M$IUM-SIZ$ CAPITALI/S1 SPECULATORS1 M]*ANTS1 OR 9DU/RIALI/S1 FROM ! WORLD ( EXPLOIT]S 9TO ! WORLD ( ! EXPLOIT$ PROLET>IAT1 & AT ! SAME TIME SQUEEZ+ \T EV] GREAT] SAV+S FROM ! WAGES ( ! SAME PROLET>IAT4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! MASS ( ! PROLET>IAT1 GR[+ AS A RESULT ( ! G5]AL 9CREASE ( ! POPULATION -- :I*1 AS WE KN[1 NOT EV5 POV]TY CAN /OP EFFECTIVELY -- & ?R\< ! 9CREAS+ PROLET>IANIZATION ( ! PETTY-B\RGEOISIE1 EX-[N]S1 CAPITALI/S1 M]*ANTS1 & 9DU/RIALI/S -- GR[+1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 AT A MU* MORE RAPID RATE ?AN ! PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES ( AN ECONOMY ?AT IS EXPLOIT$ BY B\RGEOIS CAPITAL -- ?IS GR[+ MASS ( ! PROLET>IAT IS PLAC$ 9 A CONDITION :]E9 ! WORK]S >E =C$ 9TO DISA/R\S COMPETITION AGA9/ ONE ANO!R4 

,= S9CE !Y POSSESS NO O!R MEANS ( EXI/5CE BUT !IR [N MANUAL LABOR1 !Y >E DRIV51 BY ! FE> ( SEE+ !MSELVES REPLAC$ BY O!RS1 TO SELL IT AT ! L[E/ PRICE4 ,?IS T5D5CY ( ! WORK]S1 OR RA!R ! NECESSITY TO :I* !Y >E CONDEMN$ BY !IR [N POV]TY1 COMB9$ ) ! T5D5CY ( ! EMPLOY]S TO SELL ! PRODUCTS ( !IR WORK]S1 & CONSEQU5TLY BUY !IR LABOR1 AT ! L[E/ PRICE1 CON/ANTLY REPRODUCES & CONSOLIDATES ! POV]TY ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,S9CE HE F9DS HIMSELF 9 A /ATE ( POV]TY1 ! WORK] IS COMPELL$ TO SELL HIS LABOR = ALMO/ NO?+1 & BECAUSE HE SELLS ?AT PRODUCT = ALMO/ NO?+1 HE S9KS 9TO EV] GREAT] POV]TY4 

,YES1 GREAT] MIS]Y1 9DE$6 ,= 9 ?IS GALLEY-SLAVE LABOR ! PRODUCTIVE =CE ( ! WORK]S1 ABUS$1 RU?LESSLY EXPLOIT$1 EXCESSIVELY WA/$ & UND]F$1 IS RAPIDLY US$ UP4 ,& ONCE US$ UP1 :AT CAN BE ITS VALUE ON ! M>KET1 ( :AT WOR? IS ?IS SOLE COMMODITY :I* HE POSSESSES & UPON ! DAILY SALE ( :I* HE DEP5DS = A LIVELIHOOD8 ,NO?+6 ,& !N8 ,!N NO?+ IS LEFT = ! WORK] BUT TO DIE4 

,:AT1 9 A GIV5 C\NTRY1 IS ! L[E/ POSSIBLE WAGE8 ,IT IS ! PRICE ( ?AT :I* IS CONSID]$ BY ! PROLET>IANS ( ?AT C\NTRY AS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y TO KEEP ONESELF ALIVE4 ,ALL ! B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S >E 9 AGREEM5T ON ?IS PO9T4 ,TURGOT1 :O SAW FIT TO CALL HIMSELF ! 'VIRTU\S M9I/]' ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I1 & REALLY WAS AN HONE/ MAN1 SAID3 

0,! SIMPLE WORK] :O [NS NO?+ MORE ?AN HIS H&S1 HAS NO?+ ELSE TO SELL ?AN HIS LABOR4 ,HE SELLS IT MORE OR LESS EXP5SIVELY2 BUT ITS PRICE :E!R HI< OR L[1 DOES NOT DEP5D ON HIM ALONE3 IT DEP5DS ON AN AGREEM5T ) :OEV] WILL PAY = HIS LABOR4 ,! EMPLOY] PAYS AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE2 :5 GIV5 ! *OICE BETWE5 A GREAT NUMB] ( WORK]S1 ! EMPLOY] PREF]S ! ONE :O WORKS *EAP4 ,! WORK]S >E1 !N1 =C$ TO L[] !IR PRICE 9 COMPETITION EA* AGA9/ ! O!R4 ,9 ALL TYPES ( LABOR1 IT NECESS>ILY FOLL[S ?AT ! SAL>Y ( ! WORK] IS LIMIT$ TO :AT IS NECESS>Y = SURVIVAL40 7,REFLEXIONS SUR LA =MATION ET LA DI/RIBUTION DES RI*ESSES7 

,J4,B4 ,SAY1 ! TRUE FA!R ( B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S 9 ,FRANCE ALSO SAID3 0,WAGES >E MU* HI<] :5 MORE DEM& EXI/S = LABOR & LESS IF (F]$1 & >E L[]$ ACCORD+LY :5 MORE LABOR IS (F]$ & LESS DEM&$4 ,IT IS ! RELATION BETWE5 SUPPLY & DEM& :I* REGULATES ! PRICE ( ?IS M]*&ISE CALL$ ! WORK]S' LABOR1 AS >E REGULAT$ ALL O!R PUBLIC S]VICES4 ,:5 WAGES RISE A LITTLE HI<] ?AN ! PRICE NECESS>Y = ! WORK]S' FAMILIES TO MA9TA9 !MSELVES1 !IR *ILDR5 MULTIPLY & A L>G] SUPPLY SOON DEVELOPS 9 PROPORTION ) ! GREAT] DEM&4 ,:51 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! DEM& = WORK]S IS LESS ?AN ! QUANTITY ( PEOPLE (F]+ TO WORK1 !IR GA9S DECL9E BACK TO ! PRICE NECESS>Y = ! CLASS TO MA9TA9 ITSELF AT ! SAME NUMB]4 ,! FAMILIES MORE BURD5$ ) *ILDR5 DISAPPE>2 FROM !M =W>D ! SUPPLY ( LABOR DECL9ES1 & ) LESS LABOR BE+ (F]$1 ! PRICE RISES444 ,9 SU* A WAY IT IS DIFFICULT = ! WAGES ( ! LABOR] TO RISE ABOVE OR FALL BEL[ ! PRICE NECESS>Y TO MA9TA9 ! CLASS 7! WORK]S1 ! PROLET>IAT7 9 ! NUMB] REQUIR$40 7,C\RS COMPLET D' ECONOMIE POLITIQUE7 

,AFT] CIT+ ,TURGOT & ,J4,B4 ,SAY1 ,PR\DHON CRIES3 0,! PRICE1 AS COMP>$ TO ! VALUE 79 REAL SOCIAL ECONOMY7 IS SOME?+ ESS5TIALLY MOBILE1 CONSEQU5TLY1 ESS5TIALLY V>IABLE1 & ?AT 9 ITS V>IATIONS1 IT IS NOT REGULAT$ MORE ?AN BY ! CONCURR5CE1 CONCURR5CE1 LET US NOT =GET1 ?AT AS ,TURGOT & ,SAY AGREE1 HAS ! NECESS>Y EFFECT NOT TO GIVE TO WAGES TO ! WORK] MORE ?AN 5\< TO B>ELY PREV5T DEA? BY />VATION1 & MA9TA9 ! CLASS 9 ! NUMB]S NE$$40.<#a.> 

,! CURR5T PRICE ( PRIM>Y NECESSITIES CON/ITUTES ! PREVAIL+ CON/ANT LEVEL ABOVE :I* WORK]S' WAGES CAN NEV] RISE = A V]Y LONG TIME1 BUT B5EA? :I* !Y DROP V]Y (T51 :I* CON/ANTLY RESULTS 9 9ANITION1 SICKNESS1 & DEA?1 UNTIL A SUFFICI5T NUMB] ( WORK]S DISAPPE> TO EQUALIZE AGA9 ! SUPPLY ( & DEM& = LABOR4 ,:AT ! ECONOMI/S CALL EQUALIZ$ SUPPLY & DEM& DOES NOT CON/ITUTE REAL EQUALITY BETWE5 ?OSE :O (F] !IR LABOR = SALE & ?OSE :O PUR*ASE IT4 ,SUPPOSE ?AT ,I1 A MANUFACTUR]1 NE$ A HUNDR$ WORK]S & ?AT EXACTLY A HUNDR$ WORK]S PRES5T !MSELVES 9 ! M>KET -- ONLY ONE HUNDR$1 = IF MORE CAME1 ! SUPPLY W\LD EXCE$ DEM&1 RESULT+ 9 L[]$ WAGES4 ,BUT S9CE ONLY ONE HUNDR$ APPE>1 & S9CE ,I1 ! MANUFACTUR]1 NE$ ONLY ?AT NUMB] -- NEI!R MORE NOR LESS -- IT W\LD SEEM AT FIR/ ?AT COMPLETE EQUALITY WAS E/ABLI%$2 ?AT SUPPLY & DEM& BE+ EQUAL 9 NUMB]1 !Y %\LD LIKEWISE BE EQUAL 9 O!R RESPECTS4 ,DOES IT FOLL[ ?AT ! WORK]S CAN DEM& FROM ME A WAGE & CONDITIONS ( WORK ASSUR+ !M ( A TRULY FREE1 DIGNIFI$1 & HUMAN EXI/5CE8 ,NOT AT ALL6 ,IF ,I GRANT !M ?OSE CONDITIONS & ?OSE WAGES1 ,I1 ! CAPITALI/1 %ALL NOT GA9 !REBY ANY MORE ?AN !Y WILL4 ,BUT !N1 :Y %\LD ,I HAVE TO PLAGUE MYSELF & BECOME RU9$ BY (F]+ !M ! PR(ITS ( MY CAPITAL8 ,IF ,I WANT TO WORK MYSELF AS WORK]S DO1 ,I WILL 9VE/ MY CAPITAL SOME:]E ELSE1 :]EV] ,I CAN GET ! HI<E/ 9T]E/1 & WILL (F] MY LABOR = SALE TO SOME CAPITALI/ JU/ AS MY WORK]S DO4 

,IF1 PR(IT+ BY ! P[]FUL 9ITIATIVE AF=D$ ME BY MY CAPITAL1 ,I ASK ?OSE HUNDR$ WORK]S TO F]TILIZE ?AT CAPITAL ) !IR LABOR1 IT IS NOT BECAUSE ( MY SYMPA?Y = !IR SUFF]+S1 NOR BECAUSE ( A SPIRIT ( JU/ICE1 NOR BECAUSE ( LOVE = HUMANITY4 ,! CAPITALI/S >E BY NO MEANS PHILAN?ROPI/S2 !Y W\LD BE RU9$ IF !Y PRACTIC$ PHILAN?ROPY4 ,IT IS BECAUSE ,I HOPE TO DRAW FROM ! LABOR ( ! WORK]S SUFFICI5T PR(IT TO BE ABLE TO LIVE COM=TABLY1 EV5 RI*LY1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME 9CREAS+ MY CAPITAL -- & ALL ?AT )\T HAV+ TO WORK MYSELF4 ,( C\RSE ,I %ALL WORK TOO1 BUT MY WORK WILL BE ( AN ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T K9D & ,I WILL BE REMUN]AT$ AT A MU* HI<] RATE ?AN ! WORK]S4 ,IT WILL NOT BE ! WORK ( PRODUCTION BUT ?AT ( ADM9I/RATION & EXPLOITATION4 

,BUT ISN'T ADM9I/RATIVE WORK ALSO PRODUCTIVE WORK8 ,NO D\BT IT IS1 = LACK+ A GOOD & AN 9TELLIG5T ADM9I/RATION1 MANUAL LABOR WILL NOT PRODUCE ANY?+ OR IT WILL PRODUCE V]Y LITTLE & V]Y BADLY4 ,BUT FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( JU/ICE & ! NE$S ( PRODUCTION ITSELF1 IT IS NOT AT ALL NECESS>Y ?AT ?IS WORK %\LD BE MONOPOLIZ$ 9 MY H&S1 NOR1 ABOVE ALL1 ?AT ,I %\LD BE COMP5SAT$ AT A RATE SO MU* HI<] ?AN MANUAL LABOR4 ,! COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS ALREADY HAVE PROV5 ?AT WORK]S >E QUITE CAPABLE ( ADM9I/]+ 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES1 ?AT IT CAN BE DONE BY WORK]S ELECT$ FROM !IR MID/ & :O RECEIVE ! SAME WAGE4 ,!RE=E IF ,I CONC5TRATE 9 MY H&S ! ADM9I/RATIVE P[]1 IT IS NOT BECAUSE ! 9T]E/S ( PRODUCTION DEM& IT1 BUT 9 ORD] TO S]VE MY [N 5DS1 ! 5DS ( EXPLOITATION4 ,AS ! ABSOLUTE BOSS ( MY E/ABLI%M5T ,I GET = MY LABOR T5 OR TW5TY TIMES MORE ?AN MY WORK]S GET = !IRS1 & ?IS IS TRUE DESPITE ! FACT ?AT MY LABOR IS 9COMP>ABLY LESS PA9FUL ?AN !IRS4 

,BUT ! CAPITALI/1 ! BUS9ESS [N]1 RUNS RISKS1 !Y SAY1 :ILE ! WORK] RISKS NO?+4 ,?IS IS NOT TRUE1 BECAUSE :5 SE5 FROM HIS SIDE1 ALL ! DISADVANTAGES >E ON ! P>T ( ! WORK]4 ,! BUS9ESS [N] CAN CONDUCT HIS AFFAIRS POORLY1 HE CAN BE WIP$ \T 9 A BAD DEAL1 OR BE A VICTIM ( A COMM]CIAL CRISIS1 OR BY AN UN=ESE5 CATA/ROPHE2 9 A WORD HE CAN RU9 HIMSELF4 ,?IS IS TRUE4 ,BUT DOES RU9 MEAN FROM ! B\RGEOIS PO9T ( VIEW TO BE R$UC$ TO ! SAME LEVEL ( MIS]Y AS ?OSE :O DIE ( HUNG]1 OR TO BE =C$ AMONG ! RANKS ( ! COMMON LABOR]S8 ,?IS SO R>ELY HAPP5S1 ?AT WE MI<T AS WELL SAY NEV]4 ,AFT]W>DS IT IS R>E ?AT ! CAPITALI/ DOES NOT RETA9 SOME?+1 DESPITE ! APPE>ANCE ( RU94 ,N[ADAYS ALL BANKRUPTCIES >E MORE OR LESS FRAUDUL5T4 ,BUT IF ABSOLUTELY NO?+ IS SAV$1 !RE >E ALWAYS FAMILY TIES1 & SOCIAL RELATIONS1 :O1 ) HELP FROM ! BUS9ESS SKILLS LE>N$ :I* !Y PASS TO !IR *ILDR51 P]MIT !M TO GET POSITIONS = !MSELVES & !IR *ILDR5 9 ! HI<] RANKS ( LABOR1 9 MANAGEM5T2 TO BE A /ATE FUNCTION>Y1 TO BE AN EXECUTIVE 9 A COMM]CIAL OR 9DU/RIAL BUS9ESS1 TO 5D UP1 AL?\< DEP5D5T1 ) AN 9COME SUP]IOR TO :AT !Y PAID !IR =M] WORK]S4 

,! RISKS ( ! WORK] >E 9F9ITELY GREAT]4 ,AFT] ALL1 IF ! E/ABLI%M5T 9 :I* HE IS EMPLOY$ GOES BANKRUPT1 HE MU/ GO SEV]AL DAYS & SOMETIMES SEV]AL WEEKS )\T WORK1 & = HIM IT IS MORE ?AN RU91 IT IS DEA?2 BECAUSE HE EATS EV]YDAY :AT HE E>NS4 ,! SAV+S ( WORK]S >E FAIRY TALES 9V5T$ BY B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S TO LULL !IR WEAK S5TIM5T ( JU/ICE1 ! REMORSE ?AT IS AWAK5$ BY *ANCE 9 ! BOSOM ( !IR CLASS4 ,?IS RIDICUL\S & HATEFUL MY? WILL NEV] SOO! ! ANGUI% ( ! WORK]4 ,HE KN[S ! EXP5SE ( SATISFY+ ! DAILY NE$S ( HIS L>GE FAMILY4 ,IF HE HAD SAV+S1 HE W\LD NOT S5D HIS POOR *ILDR51 FROM ! AGE ( SIX1 TO WI!R AWAY1 TO GR[ WEAK1 TO BE MURD]$ PHYSICALLY & MORALLY 9 ! FACTORIES1 :]E !Y >E =C$ TO WORK NI<T & DAY1 A WORK+ DAY ( TWELVE & F\RTE5 H\RS4  ,IF IT HAPP5S SOMETIMES ?AT ! WORK] MAKES A SMALL SAV+S1 IT IS QUICKLY CONSUM$ BY ! 9EVITABLE P]IODS ( UNEMPLOYM5T :I* (T5 CRUELLY 9T]RUPT HIS WORK1 AS WELL AS BY ! UN=ESE5 ACCID5TS & ILLNESSES :I* BEFALL HIS FAMILY4 ,! ACCID5TS & ILLNESSES ?AT CAN OV]TAKE HIM CON/ITUTE A RISK ?AT MAKES ALL ! RISKS ( ! EMPLOY] NO?+ 9 COMP>ISON3 BECAUSE = ! WORK] DEBILITAT+ ILLNESS CAN DE/ROY HIS PRODUCTIVE ABILITY1 HIS LABOR P[]4 ,OV] ALL1 PROLONG$ ILLNESS IS ! MO/ T]RIBLE BANKRUPTCY1 A BANKRUPTCY ?AT MEANS = HIM & HIS *ILDR51 HUNG] & DEA?4 

,I KN[ FULL WELL ?AT UND] !SE CONDITIONS ?AT IF ,I W]E A CAPITALI/1 :O NE$S A HUNDR$ WORK]S TO F]TILIZE MY CAPITAL1 ?AT ON EMPLOY+ !SE WORK]S1 ALL ! ADVANTAGES >E = ME1 ALL ! DISADVANTAGES = !M4 ,I PROPOSE NO?+ MORE NOR LESS ?AN TO EXPLOIT !M1 & IF Y\ WI% ME TO BE S9C]E AB\T IT1 & PROMISE TO GU>D ME WELL1 ,I WILL TELL !M3 

0,LOOK1 MY *ILDR51 ,I HAVE SOME CAPITAL :I* BY ITSELF CANNOT PRODUCE ANY?+1 BECAUSE A DEAD ?+ CANNOT PRODUCE ANY?+4 ,I HAVE NO?+ PRODUCTIVE )\T LABOR4 ,AS IT GOES1 ,I CANNOT B5EFIT FROM CONSUM+ IT UNPRODUCTIVELY1 S9CE HAV+ CONSUM$ IT1 ,I W\LD BE LEFT ) NO?+4  ,BUT ?ANKS TO ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS :I* RULE OV] US & >E ALL 9 MY FAVOR1 9 ! EXI/+ ECONOMY MY CAPITAL IS SUPPOS$ TO BE A PRODUC] AS WELL3 IT E>NS ME 9T]E/4 ,FROM :OM ?IS 9T]E/ MU/ BE TAK5 -- & IT MU/ BE FROM SOMEONE1 S9CE 9 REALITY BY ITSELF IT PRODUCES ABSOLUTELY NO?+ -- ?IS DOES NOT CONC]N Y\4 ,IT IS 5\< = Y\ TO KN[ ?AT IT R5D]S 9T]E/4 ,ALONE ?IS 9T]E/ IS 9SUFFICI5T TO COV] MY EXP5SES4 ,I AM NOT AN ORD9>Y MAN AS Y\4 ,I CANNOT BE1 NOR DO ,I WANT TO BE1 CONT5T ) LITTLE4 ,I WANT TO LIVE1 TO 9HABIT A BEAUTIFUL H\SE1 TO EAT & DR9K WELL1 TO RIDE 9 A C>RIAGE1 TO MA9TA9 A GOOD APPE>ANCE1 9 %ORT1 TO HAVE ALL ! GOOD ?+S 9 LIFE4 ,I ALSO WANT TO GIVE A GOOD $UCATION TO MY *ILDR51 TO MAKE !M 9TO G5TLEM51 & S5D !M AWAY TO /UDY1 & AFT]W>DS1 HAV+ BECOME MU* MORE $UCAT$ ?AN Y\1 !Y CAN DOM9ATE Y\ ONE DAY AS ,I DOM9ATE Y\ TODAY4 ,& AS $UCATION ALONE IS NOT 5\<1 ,I WANT TO GIVE !M A GR& 9H]ITANCE1 SO ?AT DIVID$ BETWE5 !M !Y WILL BE LEFT ALMO/ AS RI* AS ,I4 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 BESIDES ALL ! GOOD ?+S 9 LIFE ,I WANT TO GIVE MYSELF1 ,I ALSO WANT TO 9CREASE MY CAPITAL4 ,H[ WILL ,I A*IEVE ?IS GOAL8 ,>M$ ) ?IS CAPITAL ,I PROPOSE TO EXPLOIT Y\1 & ,I PROPOSE ?AT Y\ P]MIT ME TO EXPLOIT Y\4 ,Y\ WILL WORK & ,I WILL COLLECT & APPROPRIATE & SELL = MY [N BEHALF ! PRODUCT ( Y\R LABOR1 )\T GIV+ Y\ MORE ?AN A PORTION :I* IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y TO KEEP Y\ FROM DY+ ( HUNG] TODAY1 SO ?AT AT ! 5D ( TOMORR[ Y\ WILL /ILL WORK = ME 9 ! SAME CONDITIONS2 & :5 Y\ HAVE BE5 EXHAU/$1 ,I WILL ?R[ Y\ \T1 & REPLACE Y\ ) O!RS4 ,KN[ IT WELL1 ,I WILL PAY Y\ A SAL>Y AS SMALL1 & IMPOSE ON Y\ A WORK+ DAY AS LONG1 WORK+ CONDITIONS AS SEV]E1 AS DESPOTIC1 AS H>% AS POSSIBLE2 NOT FROM WICK$NESS -- NOT FROM A MOTIVE ( HATR$ T[>DS Y\1 NOR AN 9T5T TO DO Y\ H>M -- BUT FROM ! LOVE ( WEAL? & TO GET RI* QUICK2 BECAUSE ! LESS ,I PAY Y\ & ! MORE Y\ WORK1 ! MORE ,I WILL GA940 

,?IS IS :AT IS SAID IMPLICITLY BY EV]Y CAPITALI/1 EV]Y 9DU/RIALI/1 EV]Y BUS9ESS [N]1 EV]Y EMPLOY] :O DEM&S ! LABOR P[] ( ! WORK]S !Y HIRE4 

,BUT S9CE SUPPLY & DEM& >E EQUAL1 :Y DO ! WORK]S ACCEPT ! CONDITIONS LAID D[N BY ! EMPLOY]8 ,IF ! CAPITALI/ /&S 9 JU/ AS GREAT A NE$ ( EMPLOY+ ! WORK]S AS ! ONE HUNDR$ WORK]S DO ( BE+ EMPLOY$ BY HIM1 DOES IT NOT FOLL[ ?AT BO? SIDES >E 9 AN EQUAL POSITION8 ,DO NOT BO? MEET AT ! M>KET AS TWO EQUAL M]*ANTS -- FROM ! JURIDICAL PO9T ( VIEW AT LEA/ -- ONE BR++ A COMMODITY CALL$ A DAILY WAGE1 TO BE EX*ANG$ = ! DAILY LABOR ( ! WORK] ON ! BASIS ( SO MANY H\RS P] DAY2 & ! O!R BR++ HIS [N LABOR AS HIS COMMODITY TO BE EX*ANG$ = ! WAGE (F]$ BY ! CAPITALI/8 ,S9CE1 9 \R SUPPOSITION1 ! DEM& IS = A HUNDR$ WORK]S & ! SUPPLY IS LIKEWISE ?AT ( A HUNDR$ P]SONS1 IT MAY SEEM ?AT BO? SIDES >E 9 AN EQUAL POSITION4 

,( C\RSE NO?+ ( ! K9D IS TRUE4 ,:AT IS IT ?AT BR+S ! CAPITALI/ TO ! M>KET8 ,IT IS ! URGE TO GET RI*1 TO 9CREASE HIS CAPITAL1 TO GRATIFY HIS AMBITIONS & SOCIAL VANITIES1 TO BE ABLE TO 9DULGE 9 ALL CONCEIVABLE PLEASURES4 ,& :AT BR+S ! WORK] TO ! M>KET8 ,HUNG]1 ! NECESSITY ( EAT+ TODAY & TOMORR[4 ,?US1 :ILE BE+ EQUAL FROM ! PO9T ( JURIDICAL FICTION1 ! CAPITALI/ & ! WORK] >E ANY?+ BUT EQUAL FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! ECONOMIC SITUATION1 :I* IS ! REAL SITUATION4 ,! CAPITALI/ IS NOT ?REAT5$ ) HUNG] :5 HE COMES TO ! M>KET2 HE KN[S V]Y WELL ?AT IF HE DOES NOT F9D TODAY ! WORK]S = :OM HE IS LOOK+1 HE WILL /ILL HAVE 5\< TO EAT = QUITE A LONG TIME1 [+ TO ! CAPITAL ( :I* HE IS ! HAPPY POSSESSOR4 ,IF ! WORK]S :OM HE MEETS 9 ! M>KET PRES5T DEM&S :I* SEEM EXCESSIVE TO HIM1 BECAUSE1 F> FROM 5ABL+ HIM TO 9CREASE HIS WEAL? & IMPROVE EV5 MORE HIS ECONOMIC POSITION1 ?OSE PROPOSALS & CONDITIONS MI<T1 ,I DO NOT SAY EQUALIZE1 BUT BR+ ! ECONOMIC POSITION ( ! WORK]S SOME:AT CLOSE TO HIS [N -- :AT DOES HE DO 9 ?AT CASE8 ,HE TURNS D[N ?OSE PROPOSALS & WAITS4 ,AFT] ALL1 HE WAS NOT IMPELL$ BY AN URG5T NECESSITY1 BUT BY A DESIRE TO IMPROVE HIS POSITION1 :I*1 COMP>$ TO ?AT ( ! WORK]S1 IS ALREADY QUITE COM=TABLE1 & SO HE CAN WAIT4 ,& HE WILL WAIT1 = HIS BUS9ESS EXP]I5CE HAS TAU<T HIM ?AT ! RESI/ANCE ( WORK]S :O1 POSSESS+ NEI!R CAPITAL1 NOR COM=T1 NOR ANY SAV+S TO SPEAK (1 >E PRESS$ BY A REL5TLESS NECESSITY1 BY HUNG]1 ?AT ?IS RESI/ANCE CANNOT LA/ V]Y LONG1 & ?AT F9ALLY HE WILL BE ABLE TO F9D ! HUNDR$ WORK]S = :OM HE IS LOOK+ -- = !Y WILL BE =C$ TO ACCEPT ! CONDITIONS :I* HE F9DS IT PR(ITABLE TO IMPOSE UPON !M4 ,IF !Y REFUSE1 O!RS WILL COME :O WILL BE ONLY TOO HAPPY TO ACCEPT SU* CONDITIONS4 ,?AT IS H[ ?+S >E DONE DAILY ) ! KN[L$GE & 9 FULL VIEW ( EV]YONE4  ,IF1 AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! P>TICUL> CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT CON/ANTLY 9FLU5CE ! M>KET1 ! BRAN* ( 9DU/RY 9 :I* HE PLANN$ AT FIR/ TO EMPLOY HIS CAPITAL DOES NOT (F] ALL ! ADVANTAGES ?AT HE HAD HOP$1 !N HE WILL %IFT HIS CAPITAL ELSE:]E2 ?US ! B\RGEOIS CAPITALI/ IS NOT TI$ BY NATURE TO ANY SPECIFIC 9DU/RY1 BUT T5DS TO 9VE/ 7AS IT IS CALL$ BY ! ECONOMI/S -- EXPLOIT IS :AT WE SAY7 9DIFF]5TLY 9 ALL POSSIBLE 9DU/RIES4 ,LET'S SUPPOSE1 F9ALLY1 ?AT LE>N+ ( SOME 9DU/RIAL 9CAPACITY OR MIS=TUNE1 HE DECIDES NOT TO 9VE/ 9 ANY 9DU/RY2 WELL1 HE WILL BUY /OCKS & ANNUITIES2 & IF ! 9T]E/ & DIVID5DS SEEM 9SUFFICI5T1 !N HE WILL 5GAGE 9 SOME OCCUPATION1 OR %ALL WE SAY1 SELL HIS LABOR = A TIME1 BUT 9 CONDITIONS MU* MORE LUCRATIVE ?AN HE HAD (F]$ TO HIS [N WORK]S4 

,! CAPITALI/ !N COMES TO ! M>KET 9 ! CAPACITY1 IF NOT ( AN ABSOLUTELY FREE AG5T1 AT LEA/ ?AT ( AN 9F9ITELY FRE] AG5T ?AN ! WORK]4 ,:AT HAPP5S 9 ! M>KET IS A MEET+ BETWE5 A DRIVE = LUCRE & />VATION1 BETWE5 MA/] & SLAVE4 ,JURIDICALLY !Y >E BO? EQUAL2 BUT ECONOMICALLY ! WORK] IS ! S]F ( ! CAPITALI/1 EV5 BE=E ! M>KET TRANSACTION HAS BE5 CONCLUD$ :]EBY ! WORK] SELLS HIS P]SON & HIS LIB]TY = A GIV5 TIME4 ,! WORK] IS 9 ! POSITION ( A S]F BECAUSE ?IS T]RIBLE ?REAT ( />VATION :I* DAILY HANGS OV] HIS HEAD & OV] HIS FAMILY1 WILL =CE HIM TO ACCEPT ANY CONDITIONS IMPOS$ BY ! GA9FUL CALCULATIONS ( ! CAPITALI/1 ! 9DU/RIALI/1 ! EMPLOY]4 

,& ONCE ! CONTRACT HAS BE5 NEGOTIAT$1 ! S]FDOM ( ! WORK]S IS D\BLY 9CREAS$2 OR TO PUT IT BETT]1 BE=E ! CONTRACT HAS BE5 NEGOTIAT$1 GOAD$ BY HUNG]1 HE IS ONLY POT5TIALLY A S]F2 AFT] IT IS NEGOTIAT$ HE BECOMES A S]F 9 FACT4 ,BECAUSE :AT M]*&ISE HAS HE SOLD TO HIS EMPLOY]8 ,IT IS HIS LABOR1 HIS P]SONAL S]VICES1 ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ( HIS BODY1 M9D1 & SPIRIT ?AT >E F\ND 9 HIM & >E 9SEP>ABLE FROM HIS P]SON -- IT IS !RE=E HIMSELF4 ,FROM !N ON1 ! EMPLOY] WILL WAT* OV] HIM1 EI!R DIRECTLY OR BY MEANS ( OV]SE]S2 EV]YDAY DUR+ WORK+ H\RS & UND] CONTROLL$ CONDITIONS1 ! EMPLOY] WILL BE ! [N] ( HIS ACTIONS & MOVEM5TS4 ,:5 HE IS TOLD3 0,DO ?IS10 ! WORK] IS OBLIGAT$ TO DO IT2 OR HE IS TOLD3 0,GO !RE10 HE MU/ GO4 ,IS ?IS NOT :AT IS CALL$ A S]F8 

,M4 ,K>L ,M>X1 ! ILLU/RI\S LEAD] ( ,G]MAN ,COMMUNISM1 JU/LY OBS]V$ 9 HIS MAGNIFIC5T WORK ,DAS ,KAPITAL.<#b.> ?AT IF ! CONTRACT FREELY 5T]$ 9TO BY ! V5DORS ( MONEY -- 9 ! =M ( WAGES -- & ! V5DORS ( !IR [N LABOR -- ?AT IS1 BETWE5 ! EMPLOY] & ! WORK]S -- W]E CONCLUD$ NOT = A DEF9ITE & LIMIT$ T]M ONLY1 BUT = ONE'S :OLE LIFE1 IT W\LD CON/ITUTE REAL SLAV]Y4 ,CONCLUD$ = A T]M ONLY & RES]V+ TO ! WORK] ! RI<T TO QUIT HIS EMPLOY]1 ?IS CONTRACT CON/ITUTES A SORT ( VOLUNT>Y & TRANSITORY S]FDOM4 ,YES1 TRANSITORY & VOLUNT>Y FROM ! JURIDICAL PO9T ( VIEW1 BUT N[ISE FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ECONOMIC POSSIBILITY4 ,! WORK] ALWAYS HAS ! RI<T TO LEAVE HIS EMPLOY]1 BUT HAS HE ! MEANS TO DO SO8 ,& IF HE DOES QUIT HIM1 IS IT 9 ORD] TO LEAD A FREE EXI/5CE1 9 :I* HE WILL HAVE NO MA/] BUT HIMSELF8 ,NO1 HE DOES IT 9 ORD] TO SELL HIMSELF TO ANO!R EMPLOY]4 ,HE IS DRIV5 TO IT BY ! SAME HUNG] :I* =C$ HIM TO SELL HIMSELF TO ! FIR/ EMPLOY]4 ,?US ! WORK]'S LIB]TY1 SO MU* EXALT$ BY ! ECONOMI/S1 JURI/S1 & B\RGEOIS REPUBLICANS1 IS ONLY A !ORETICAL FRE$OM1 LACK+ ANY MEANS = ITS POSSIBLE REALIZATION1 & CONSEQU5TLY IT IS ONLY A FICTITI\S LIB]TY1 AN UTT] FALSEHOOD4 ,! TRU? IS ?AT ! :OLE LIFE ( ! WORK] IS SIMPLY A CONT9U\S & DISMAY+ SUCCESSION ( T]MS ( S]FDOM -- VOLUNT>Y FROM ! JURIDICAL PO9T ( VIEW BUT COMPULSORY 9 ! ECONOMIC S5SE -- BROK5 UP BY MOM5T>ILY BRIEF 9T]LUDES ( FRE$OM ACCOMPANI$ BY />VATION2 9 O!R WORDS1 IT IS REAL SLAV]Y4 

,?IS SLAV]Y MANIFE/S ITSELF DAILY 9 ALL K9DS ( WAYS4 ,AP>T FROM ! VEXATIONS & OPPRESSIVE CONDITIONS ( ! CONTRACT :I* TURN ! WORK] 9TO A SUBORD9ATE1 A PASSIVE & OB$I5T S]VANT1 & ! EMPLOY] 9TO A NE>LY ABSOLUTE MA/] -- AP>T FROM ALL ?AT1 IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT !RE IS H>DLY AN 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISE :]E9 ! [N]1 IMPELL$ ON ! ONE H& BY ! TWO-FOLD 9/9CT ( AN UNAPPEASABLE LU/ = PR(ITS & ABSOLUTE P[]1 & ON ! O!R H&1 PR(IT+ BY ! ECONOMIC DEP5D5CE ( ! WORK]1 DOES NOT SET ASIDE ! T]MS /IPULAT$ 9 ! CONTRACT & WR+ SOME ADDITIONAL CONCESSIONS 9 HIS [N FAVOR4 ,N[ HE WILL DEM& MORE H\RS ( WORK1 ?AT IS1 OV] & ABOVE ?OSE /IPULAT$ 9 ! CONTRACT2 N[ HE WILL CUT D[N WAGES ON SOME PRETEXT2 N[ HE WILL IMPOSE >BITR>Y F9ES1 OR HE WILL TREAT ! WORK]S H>%LY1 RUDELY1 & 9SOL5TLY4 

,BUT1 ONE MAY SAY1 9 ?AT CASE ! WORK] CAN QUIT4 ,EASI] SAID ?AN DONE4  ,AT TIMES ! WORK] RECEIVES P>T ( HIS WAGES 9 ADVANCE1 OR HIS WIFE OR *ILDR5 MAY BE SICK1 OR P]HAPS HIS WORK IS POORLY PAID ?R\<\T ?IS P>TICUL> 9DU/RY4 ,O!R EMPLOY]S MAY BE PAY+ EV5 LESS ?AN HIS [N EMPLOY]1 & AFT] QUITT+ ?IS JOB HE MAY NOT EV5 BE ABLE TO F9D ANO!R ONE4 ,& TO REMA9 )\T A JOB SPELLS DEA? = HIM & HIS FAMILY4 ,9 ADDITION1 !RE IS AN UND]/&+ AMONG ALL EMPLOY]S1 & ALL ( !M RESEMBLE ONE ANO!R4 ,ALL >E ALMO/ EQUALLY IRRITAT+1 UNJU/1 & H>%4 

,IS ?IS CALUMNY8 ,NO1 IT IS 9 ! NATURE ( ?+S1 & 9 ! LOGICAL NECESSITY ( ! RELATION%IP EXI/+ BETWE5 ! EMPLOY]S & !IR WORK]S4 

  

.<#a.> ,NOT HAV+ TO H& ! WORKS M5TION$1 ,I TOOK !SE QUOTES FROM LA ,HI/OIRE DE LA ,REVOLUTION DE #a#h#d#h1 BY ,L\IS ,BLANC4  ,MR4 ,BLANC CONT9UES ) !SE WORDS3 0,WE HAVE BE5 WELL AL]T$4  ,N[ WE KN[1 )\T ROOM = D\BT1 ?AT ACCORD+ TO ALL ! DOCTR9ES ( ! OLD POLITICAL ECONOMY1 WAGES CANNOT HAVE ANY O!R BASIS ?AN ! REGULATION BETWE5 SUPPLY & DEM&1 AL?\< ! RESULT IS ?AT ! REMUN]ATION ( LABOR IS R$UC$ TO :AT IS /RICTLY NECESS>Y TO NOT P]I% BY />VATION4  ,V]Y WELL1 & LET US DO NO MORE ?AN REPEAT ! WORDS 9ADV]T5TLY SPOK5 9 S9C]ITY BY ,ADAM ,SMI?1 ! HEAD ( ?IS S*OOL3 ,IT IS SMALL CONSOLATION = 9DIVIDUALS :O HAVE NO O!R MEANS = EXI/5CE ?AN !IR LABOR40 7,BAKUN97 

.<#b.> ,DAS ,KAPITAL1 ,KRITIK D] POLITIS*5 ,OEKONOMIE1 BY ,K>L ,M>X2 ,]/] ,B&4  ,?IS WORK WILL NE$ TO BE TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,FR5*1 BECAUSE NO?+1 ?AT ,I KN[ (1 CONTA9S AN ANALYSIS SO PR(\ND1 SO LUM9\S1 SO SCI5TIFIC1 SO DECISIVE1 & IF ,I CAN EXPRESS IT ?US1 SO M]CILESS AN EXPOSE ( ! =MATION ( B\RGEOIS CAPITAL & ! SY/EMATIC & CRUEL EXPLOITATION ?AT CAPITAL CONT9UES EX]CIS+ OV] ! WORK ( ! PROLET>IAT4  ,! ONLY DEFECT ( ?IS WORK444 POSITIVI/ 9 DIRECTION1 BAS$ ON A PR(\ND /UDY ( ECONOMIC WORKS1 )\T ADMITT+ ANY LOGIC O!R ?AN ! LOGIC ( ! FACTS -- ! ONLY DEFECT1 SAY1 IS ?AT IT HAS BE5 WRITT51 9 P>T1 BUT ONLY 9 P>T1 9 A /YLE EXCESSIVELY METAPHYSICAL & AB/RACT444 :I* MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO EXPLA9 & NE>LY UNAPPROA*ABLE = ! MAJORITY ( WORK]S1 & IT IS PR9CIPALLY ! WORK]S :O MU/ READ IT NEV]!LESS4 ,! B\RGEOIS WILL NEV] READ IT OR1 IF !Y READ IT1 !Y WILL NEV] WANT TO COMPREH5D IT1 & IF !Y COMPREH5D IT !Y WILL NEV] SAY ANY?+ AB\T IT2 ?IS WORK BE+ NO?+ O!R ?AN A S5T5CE ( DEA?1 SCI5TIFICALLY MOTIVAT$ & IRREVOCABLY PRON\NC$1 NOT AGA9/ !M AS 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT AGA9/ !IR CLASS4 7,BAKUN97 

7,S\RCE3 ,?IS PAMPHLET IS AN EXC]PT FROM 0,! ,KN\TO-,G]MANIC ,EMPIRE & ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION0 & 9CLUD$ 9 0,! ,COMPLETE ,WORKS ( ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN90 UND] ! TITLE 0,FRAGM5T40 ,P>TS ( ! TEXT W]E ORIG9ALLY TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% BY ,G4,P4 ,MAXIM(F = HIS AN?OLOGY ( ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S1 ) MISS+ P>AGRAPHS TRANSLAT$ BY ,JEFF ,/E9 FROM ! ,SPANI% $ITION1 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 TRANS4 7,BU5OS ,AIRES #a#i#b#f7 VOL4 ,I,I,I1 PP4 #a#h#a-#a#i#f47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JULY #a#d1 #bb 3 ,! ,CAPITALI/ ,SY/EM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,CAPITALI/ ,SY/EM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/