,*APT] #d 

#ahfcahfc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TEXT 3 

,?AT :OLE P>T ( ! ,T]EK L9E 7AB\T FIFTY MILES7 ALONG :I* LIE ! VILLAGES ( ! ,GREB5SK ,COSSACKS IS UNI=M 9 *>ACT] BO? AS TO C\NTRY & 9HABITANTS4 ,! ,T]EK1 :I* SEP>ATES ! ,COSSACKS FROM ! M\NTA9E]S1 /ILL FL[S TURBID & RAPID ?\< ALREADY BROAD & SMOO?1 ALWAYS DEPOSIT+ GRAYI% S& ON ITS L[ RE$Y RI<T BANK & WA%+ AWAY ! /EEP1 ?\< NOT HI<1 LEFT BANK1 ) ITS ROOTS ( C5TURY-OLD OAKS1 ITS ROTT+ PLANE TREES1 & Y\NG BRU%WOOD4 ,ON ! RI<T BANK LIE ! VILLAGES ( PRO-,RUSSIAN1 ?\< /ILL SOME:AT RE/LESS1 ,T>T>S4 ,ALONG ! LEFT BANK1 BACK HALF A MILE FROM ! RIV] & /&+ FIVE OR SIX MILES AP>T FROM ONE ANO!R1 >E ,COSSACK VILLAGES4 ,9 OLD5 TIMES MO/ ( !SE VILLAGES W]E SITUAT$ ON ! BANKS ( ! RIV]2 BUT ! ,T]EK1 %IFT+ NOR?W>D FROM ! M\NTA9S YE> BY YE>1 WA%$ AWAY ?OSE BANKS1 & N[ !RE REMA9 ONLY ! RU9S ( ! OLD VILLAGES & ( ! G>D5S ( PE> & PLUM TREES & POPL>S1 ALL OV]GR[N ) BLACKB]RY BU%ES & WILD V9ES4 ,NO ONE LIVES !RE N[1 & ONE ONLY SEES ! TRACKS ( ! DE]1 ! WOLVES1 ! H>ES1 & ! PHEASANTS1 :O HAVE LE>N$ TO LOVE !SE PLACES4 ,FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE RUNS A ROAD CUT ?R\< ! =E/ AS A CANNON-%OT MI<T FLY4 ,ALONG ! ROADS >E CORDONS ( ,COSSACKS & WAT*-T[]S ) S5T9ELS 9 !M4 ,ONLY A N>R[ /RIP AB\T SEV5 HUNDR$ Y>DS WIDE ( F]TILE WOOD$ SOIL BELONGS TO ! ,COSSACKS4 ,TO ! NOR? ( IT BEG9 ! S&-DRIFTS ( ! ,NOGAY OR ,MOZDOK /EPPES1 :I* FET* F> TO ! NOR? & RUN1 ,HEAV5 KN[S :]E1 9TO ! ,TRUKHM51 ,A/RAKHAN1 & ,KIR<IZ-,KAISATSK /EPPES4 ,TO ! S\?1 BEYOND ! ,T]EK1 >E ! ,GREAT ,*E*NYA RIV]1 ! ,KO*KALOV RANGE1 ! ,BLACK ,M\NTA9S1 YET ANO!R RANGE1 & AT LA/ ! SN[Y M\NTA9S1 :I* CAN JU/ BE SE5 BUT HAVE NEV] YET BE5 SCAL$4 ,9 ?IS F]TILE WOOD$ /RIP1 RI* 9 VEGETATION1 HAS DWELT AS F> BACK AS MEMORY RUNS ! F9E W>LIKE & PROSP]\S ,RUSSIAN TRIBE BELONG+ TO ! SECT ( ,OLD ,BELIEV]S1 & CALL$ ! ,GREB5SK ,COSSACKS4 

,LONG LONG AGO !IR ,OLD ,BELIEV] ANCE/ORS FL$ FROM ,RUSSIA & SETTL$ BEYOND ! ,T]EK AMONG ! ,*E*5S ON ! ,GREB51 ! FIR/ RANGE ( WOOD$ M\NTA9S ( ,*E*NYA4 ,LIV+ AMONG ! ,*E*5S ! ,COSSACKS 9T]M>RI$ ) !M & ADOPT$ ! MANN]S & CU/OMS ( ! HILL TRIBES1 ?\< !Y /ILL RETA9$ ! ,RUSSIAN LANGUAGE 9 ALL ITS PURITY1 AS WELL AS !IR ,OLD ,FAI?4 ,A TRADITION1 /ILL FRE% AMONG !M1 DECL>ES ?AT ,CZ> ,IVAN ! ,T]RIBLE CAME TO ! ,T]EK1 S5T = !IR ,ELD]S1 & GAVE !M ! L& ON ?IS SIDE ( ! RIV]1 EXHORT+ !M TO REMA9 FRI5DLY TO ,RUSSIA & PROMIS+ NOT TO 5=CE HIS RULE UPON !M NOR OBLIGE !M TO *ANGE !IR FAI?4 ,EV5 N[ ! ,COSSACK FAMILIES CLAIM RELATION%IP ) ! ,*E*5S1 & ! LOVE ( FRE$OM1 ( LEISURE1 ( PLUND] & ( W>1 /ILL =M !IR *IEF *>ACT]I/ICS4 ,ONLY ! H>MFUL SIDE ( ,RUSSIAN 9FLU5CE %[S ITSELF--BY 9T]F]5CE AT ELECTIONS1 BY CONFISCATION ( *UR* BELLS1 & BY ! TROOPS :O >E QU>T]$ 9 ! C\NTRY OR M>* ?R\< IT4 ,A ,COSSACK IS 9CL9$ TO HATE LESS ! DZHIGIT HILLSMAN :O MAYBE HAS KILL$ HIS BRO!R1 ?AN ! SOLDI] QU>T]$ ON HIM TO DEF5D HIS VILLAGE1 BUT :O HAS DEFIL$ HIS HUT ) TOBACCO-SMOKE4 ,HE RESPECTS HIS 5EMY ! HILLSMAN & DESPISES ! SOLDI]1 :O IS 9 HIS EYES AN ALI5 & AN OPPRESSOR4 ,9 REALITY1 FROM A ,COSSACK'S PO9T ( VIEW A ,RUSSIAN PEASANT IS A =EIGN1 SAVAGE1 DESPICABLE CREATURE1 ( :OM HE SEES A SAMPLE 9 ! HAWK]S :O COME TO ! C\NTRY & 9 ! ,UKRA9IAN IMMIGRANTS :OM ! ,COSSACK CONTEMPTU\SLY CALLS 'WOOLBEAT]S'4 ,= HIM1 TO BE SM>TLY DRESS$ MEANS TO BE DRESS$ LIKE A ,CIRCASSIAN4 ,! BE/ WEAPONS >E OBTA9$ FROM ! HILLSM5 & ! BE/ HORSES >E B\<T1 OR /OL51 FROM !M4 ,A DA%+ Y\NG ,COSSACK LIKES TO %[ (F HIS KN[L$GE ( ,T>T>1 & :5 C>\S+ TALKS ,T>T> EV5 TO HIS FELL[ ,COSSACK4 ,9 SPITE ( ALL !SE ?+S ?IS SMALL ,*RI/IAN CLAN /R&$ 9 A T9Y CORN] ( ! E>?1 SURR\ND$ BY HALF-SAVAGE ,MOHAMM$AN TRIBES & BY SOLDI]S1 CONSID]S ITSELF HI<LY ADVANC$1 ACKN[L$GES NONE BUT ,COSSACKS AS HUMAN BE+S1 & DESPISES EV]YBODY ELSE4 ,! ,COSSACK SP5DS MO/ ( HIS TIME 9 ! CORDON1 9 ACTION1 OR 9 HUNT+ & FI%+4 ,HE H>DLY EV] WORKS AT HOME4 ,:5 HE /AYS 9 ! VILLAGE IT IS AN EXCEPTION TO ! G5]AL RULE & !N HE IS HOLIDAY-MAK+4 ,ALL ,COSSACKS MAKE !IR [N W9E1 & DRUNK5NESS IS NOT SO MU* A G5]AL T5D5CY AS A RITE1 ! NON-FULFILLM5T ( :I* W\LD BE CONSID]$ APO/ASY4 ,! ,COSSACK LOOKS UPON A WOMAN AS AN 9/RUM5T = HIS WELF>E2 ONLY ! UNM>RI$ GIRLS >E ALL[$ TO AMUSE !MSELVES4 ,A M>RI$ WOMAN HAS TO WORK = H] HUSB& FROM Y\? TO V]Y OLD AGE3 HIS DEM&S ON H] >E ! ,ORI5TAL ONES ( SUBMISSION & LABOR4 ,9 CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS \TLOOK WOM5 >E /RONGLY DEVELOP$ BO? PHYSICALLY & M5TALLY1 & ?\< !Y >E--AS EV]Y:]E 9 ! ,EA/--NOM9ALLY 9 SUBJECTION1 !Y POSSESS F> GREAT] 9FLU5CE & IMPORTANCE 9 FAMILY-LIFE ?AN ,WE/]N WOM54 ,!IR EXCLUSION FROM PUBLIC LIFE & 9UREM5T TO HEAVY MALE LABOR GIVE ! WOM5 ALL ! MORE P[] & IMPORTANCE 9 ! H\SEHOLD4 ,A ,COSSACK1 :O BE=E /RANG]S CONSID]S IT IMPROP] TO SPEAK AFFECTIONATELY OR NE$LESSLY TO HIS WIFE1 :5 ALONE ) H] IS 9VOLUNT>ILY CONSCI\S ( H] SUP]IORITY4 ,HIS H\SE & ALL HIS PROP]TY1 9 FACT ! 5TIRE HOME/EAD1 HAS BE5 ACQUIR$ & IS KEPT TOGE!R SOLELY BY H] LABOR & C>E4 ,?\< FIRMLY CONV9C$ ?AT LABOR IS DEGRAD+ TO A ,COSSACK & IS ONLY PROP] = A ,NOGAY LABOR] OR A WOMAN1 HE IS VAGUELY AW>E ( ! FACT ?AT ALL HE MAKES USE ( & CALLS HIS [N IS ! RESULT ( ?AT TOIL1 & ?AT IT IS 9 ! P[] ( ! WOMAN 7HIS MO!R OR HIS WIFE7 :OM HE CONSID]S HIS SLAVE1 TO DEPRIVE HIM ( ALL HE POSSESSES4 ,BESIDES1 ! CONT9U\S P]=MANCE ( MAN'S HEAVY WORK & ! RESPONSIBILITIES 5TRU/$ TO H] HAVE 5D[$ ! ,GREB5SK WOM5 ) A PECULI>LY 9DEP5D5T MASCUL9E *>ACT] & HAVE REM>KABLY DEVELOP$ !IR PHYSICAL P[]S1 COMMON S5SE1 RESOLUTION1 & /ABILITY4 ,! WOM5 >E 9 MO/ CASES /RONG]1 MORE 9TELLIG5T1 MORE DEVELOP$1 & H&SOM] ?AN ! M54 ,A /RIK+ FEATURE ( A ,GREB5SK WOMAN'S BEAUTY IS ! COMB9ATION ( ! PURE/ ,CIRCASSIAN TYPE ( FACE ) ! BROAD & P[]FUL BUILD ( ,NOR!RN WOM54 ,COSSACK WOM5 WE> ! ,CIRCASSIAN DRESS--A ,T>T> SMOCK1 BE%MET1 & S(T SLIPP]S--BUT !Y TIE !IR K]*IEFS R\ND !IR HEADS 9 ! ,RUSSIAN FA%ION4 ,SM>TNESS1 CLEANL9ESS & ELEGANCE 9 DRESS & 9 ! >RANGEM5T ( !IR HUTS1 >E ) !M A CU/OM & A NECESSITY4 ,9 !IR RELATIONS ) M5 ! WOM51 & ESPECIALLY ! UNM>RI$ GIRLS1 5JOY P]FECT FRE$OM4 

,NOVOML9SK VILLAGE WAS CONSID]$ ! V]Y HE>T ( ,GREB5SK ,COSSACKDOM4 ,9 IT MORE ?AN ELSE:]E ! CU/OMS ( ! OLD ,GREB5SK POPULATION HAVE BE5 PRES]V$1 & ITS WOM5 HAVE FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL BE5 R5[N$ ALL OV] ! ,CAUCASUS = !IR BEAUTY4 ,A ,COSSACK'S LIVELIHOOD IS D]IV$ FROM V9EY>DS1 FRUIT-G>D5S1 WAT] MELON & PUMPK9 PLANTATIONS1 FROM FI%+1 HUNT+1 MAIZE & MILLET GR[+1 & FROM W> PLUND]4 ,NOVOML9SK VILLAGE LIES AB\T TWO & A HALF MILES AWAY FROM ! ,T]EK1 FROM :I* IT IS SEP>AT$ BY A D5SE =E/4 ,ON ONE SIDE ( ! ROAD :I* RUNS ?R\< ! VILLAGE IS ! RIV]2 ON ! O!R1 GRE5 V9EY>DS & OR*>DS1 BEYOND :I* >E SE5 ! DRIFTS&S ( ! ,NOGAY ,/EPPE4 ,! VILLAGE IS SURR\ND$ BY E>?-BANKS & PRICKLY BRAMBLE H$GES1 & IS 5T]$ BY TALL GATES HUNG BETWE5 PO/S & COV]$ ) LITTLE RE$-?AT*$ RO(S4 ,BESIDE !M ON A WOOD5 GUN-C>RIAGE /&S AN UNWIELDY CANNON CAPTUR$ BY ! ,COSSACKS AT SOME TIME OR O!R1 & :I* HAS NOT BE5 FIR$ = A HUNDR$ YE>S4 ,A UNI=M$ ,COSSACK S5T9EL ) DAGG] & GUN SOMETIMES /&S1 & SOMETIMES DOES NOT /&1 ON GU>D BESIDE ! GATES1 & SOMETIMES PRES5TS >MS TO A PASS+ (FIC] & SOMETIMES DOES NOT4 ,BEL[ ! RO( ( ! GATEWAY IS WRITT5 9 BLACK LETT]S ON A :ITE BO>D3 ',H\SES #b#f#f3 MALE 9HABITANTS #h#i#g3 FEMALE #a1#a#b4' ,! ,COSSACKS' H\SES >E ALL RAIS$ ON PILL>S TWO & A HALF FEET FROM ! GR\ND4 ,!Y >E C>EFULLY ?AT*$ ) RE$S & HAVE L>GE C>V$ GABLES4 ,IF NOT NEW !Y >E AT LEA/ ALL /RAI<T & CLEAN1 ) HI< POR*ES ( DIFF]5T %APES2 & !Y >E NOT BUILT CLOSE TOGE!R BUT HAVE AMPLE SPACE >\ND !M1 & >E ALL PICTURESQUELY PLAC$ ALONG BROAD /REETS & LANES4 ,9 FRONT ( ! L>GE BRI<T W9D[S ( MANY ( ! H\SES1 BEYOND ! KIT*5 G>D5S1 D>K GRE5 POPL>S & ACACIAS ) !IR DELICATE PALE V]DURE & SC5T$ :ITE BLOSSOMS OV]TOP ! H\SES1 & BESIDE !M GR[ FLAUNT+ YELL[ SUNFL[]S1 CREEP]S1 & GRAPE V9ES4 ,9 ! BROAD OP5 SQU>E >E ?REE %OPS :]E DRAP]Y1 SUNFL[] & PUMPK9 SE$S1 LOCU/ BEANS & G+]BREADS >E SOLD2 & SURR\ND$ BY A TALL F5CE1 L(TI] & L>G] ?AN ! O!R H\SES1 /&S ! ,REGIM5TAL ,COMM&]'S DWELL+ ) ITS CASEM5T W9D[S1 BEH9D A R[ ( TALL POPL>S4 ,FEW PEOPLE >E TO BE SE5 9 ! /REETS ( ! VILLAGE ON WEEKDAYS1 ESPECIALLY 9 SUMM]4 ,! Y\NG M5 >E ON DUTY 9 ! CORDONS OR ON MILIT>Y EXP$ITIONS2 ! OLD ONES >E FI%+ OR HELP+ ! WOM5 9 ! OR*>DS & G>D5S4 ,ONLY ! V]Y OLD1 ! SICK1 & ! *ILDR51 REMA9 AT HOME4 

7,S\RCE3 ,! ,COSSACKS3 ,A ,TALE ( #a#h#e#b1 BY ,LEO ,TOL/OY1 TRANSLAT$ BY ,L\ISE & ,AYLM] ,MAUDE1 PUBLI%$ #a#h#f#c47 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahfb 3 ,*APT] #d -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,MAY #a#c1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #d -- ,ADD$4 

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