,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b1 ,SECTION #c1 ,SUBSECTION #a 
,POLITICAL ,LIB]ALISM 

#ahddahdd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MAX ,/IRN] 

,TEXT 3 

,POLITICAL ,LIB]ALISM 

,AFT] ! *ALICE ( SO-CALL$ ABSOLUTE MON>*Y HAD BE5 DRA9$ D[N TO ! DREGS1 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY PEOPLE BECAME AW>E ?AT !IR DR9K DID NOT TA/E HUMAN - TOO CLE>LY AW>E NOT TO BEG9 TO CRAVE A DIFF]5T CUP4 ,S9CE \R FA!RS W]E 0HUMAN BE+S0 AFT] ALL1 !Y AT LA/ DESIR$ ALSO TO BE REG>D$ AS SU*4 

,:OEV] SEES 9 US SOME?+ ELSE ?AN HUMAN BE+S1 9 HIM WE LIKEWISE WILL NOT SEE A HUMAN BE+1 BUT AN 9HUMAN BE+1 & WILL MEET HIM AS AN UNHUMAN BE+2 ON ! O!R H&1 :OEV] RECOGNIZES US AS HUMAN BE+S & PROTECTS US AGA9/ ! DANG] ( BE+ TREAT$ 9HUMANLY1 HIM WE WILL HONOR AS \R TRUE PROTECTOR & GU>DIAN4 

,LET US !N HOLD TOGE!R & PROTECT ! MAN 9 EA* O!R2 !N WE F9D ! NECESS>Y PROTECTION 9 \R HOLD+ TOGE!R1 & 9 \RSELVES1 ?OSE :O HOLD TOGE!R1 A FELL[%IP ( ?OSE :O KN[ !IR HUMAN DIGNITY & HOLD TOGE!R AS 0HUMAN BE+S40 ,\R HOLD+ TOGE!R IS ! /ATE2 WE :O HOLD TOGE!R >E ! NATION4 

,9 \R BE+ TOGE!R AS NATION OR /ATE WE >E ONLY HUMAN BE+S4 ,H[ WE DEPORT \RSELVES 9 O!R RESPECTS AS 9DIVIDUALS1 & :AT SELF-SEEK+ IMPULSES WE MAY !RE SUCCUMB TO1 BELONGS SOLELY TO \R PRIVATE LIFE2 \R PUBLIC OR /ATE LIFE IS A PURELY HUMAN ONE4 ,EV]Y?+ UN-HUMAN OR 0EGOI/IC0 ?AT CL+S TO US IS DEGRAD$ TO A 0PRIVATE MATT]0 & WE DI/+UI% ! /ATE DEF9ITELY FROM 0CIVIL SOCIETY10 :I* IS ! SPH]E ( 0EGOISM'S0 ACTIVITY4 

,! TRUE MAN IS ! NATION1 BUT ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ALWAYS AN EGOI/4 ,!RE=E /RIP (F Y\R 9DIVIDUALITY OR ISOLATION :]E9 DWELLS DISCORD & EGOI/IC 9EQUALITY1 & CONSECRATE Y\RSELVES :OLLY TO ! TRUE MAN - ! NATION OR ! /ATE4 ,!N Y\ WILL RANK AS M51 & HAVE ALL ?AT IS MAN'S2 ! /ATE1 ! TRUE MAN1 WILL 5TITLE Y\ TO :AT BELONGS TO IT1 & GIVE Y\ ! 0RI<TS ( MAN02 ,MAN GIVES Y\ HIS RI<TS6 

,SO RUNS ! SPEE* ( ! COMMONALTY4 

,! COMMONALTY IS NO?+ ELSE ?AN ! ?\<T ?AT ! /ATE IS ALL 9 ALL1 ! TRUE MAN1 & ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL'S HUMANVALUE CONSI/S 9 BE+ A CITIZ5 ( ! /ATE4 ,9 BE+ A GOOD CITIZ5 HE SEEKS HIS HI<E/ HONOR2 BEYOND ?AT HE KN[S NO?+ HI<] ?AN AT MO/ ! ANTIQUAT$ - 0BE+ A GOOD ,*RI/IAN40 

,! COMMONALTY DEVELOP$ ITSELF 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 BY :OM IT WAS CAVALI]LY TREAT$ AS 0?IRD E/ATE0 & CONF\ND$ ) ! CANAILLE4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 UP TO ?IS TIME ! /ATE HAD RECOGNIZ$ CA/E4 ,! SON ( A NOBLEMAN WAS SELECT$ = PO/S TO :I* ! MO/ DI/+UI%$ COMMONON]S ASPIR$ 9 VA94 ,! CIVIC FEEL+ REVOLT$ AGA9/ ?IS4 ,NO MORE DI/9CTION1 NO GIV+ PREF]5CE TO P]SONS1 NO DIFF]5CE ( CLASSES6 ,LET ALL BE ALIKE6 ,NO SEP>ATE 9T]E/ IS TO BE PURSU$ LONG]1 BUT ! G5]AL 9T]E/ ( ALL4 ,! /ATE IS TO BE A FELL[S4HIP ( FREE & EQUAL M51 & EV]Y ONE IS TO DEVOTE HIMSELF TO ! 0WELF>E ( ! :OLE10 TO BE DISSOLV$ 9 ! /ATE1 TO MAKE ! /ATE HIS 5D & IDEAL4 /ATE6 /ATE6 SO RAN ! G5]AL CRY1 & !NCE=? PEOPLE S\<T = ! 0RI<T =M ( /ATE10 ! BE/ CON/ITUTION1 & SO ! /ATE 9 ITS BE/ CONCEPTION4 ,! ?\<T ( ! /ATE PASS$ 9TO ALL HE>TS & AWAK5$ 5?USIASM2 TO S]VE IT1 ?IS MUNDANE GOD1 BECAME ! NEW DIV9E S]VICE & WOR%IP4 ,! PROP]LY POLITICAL EPO* HAD DAWN$4 ,TO S]VE ! /ATE OR ! NATION BECAME ! HI<E/ IDEAL1 ! /ATE'S 9T]E/ ! HI<E/ 9T]E/1 /ATE S]VICE 7= :I* ONE DOES NOT BY ANY MEANS NE$ TO BE AN (FICIAL7 ! HI<E/ HONOR4 

,SO !N ! SEP>ATE 9T]E/S & P]SONALITIES HAD BE5 SC>$ AWAY1 & SACRIFICE = ! /ATE HAD BECOME ! %IBBOLE?4 ,ONE MU/ GIVE UP HIMSELF1 & LIVE ONLY = ! /ATE4 ,ONE MU/ ACT 0DIS9T]E/$LY10 NOT WANT TO B5EFIT HIMSELF1 BUT ! /ATE4 ,H]EBY ! LATT] HAS BECOME ! TRUE P]SON4 BE=E :OM ! 9DIVIDUAL P]SONALITY VANI%ES2 NOT ,I LIVE1 BUT IT LIVES 9 ME4 ,!RE=E1 9 COMP>ISON ) ! =M] SELF-SEEK+1 ?IS WAS UNSELFI%NESS & IMP]SONALITY ITSELF4 ,BE=E ?IS GOD - /ATE - ALL EGOISM VANI%$1 & BE=E IT ALL W]E EQUAL2 !Y W]E )\T ANY O!R DI/9CTION - M51 NO?+ BUT M54 

,! ,REVOLUTION TOOK FIRE FROM ! 9FLAMMABLE MAT]IAL ( PROP]TY4 ,! GOV]NM5T NE$$ MONEY4 ,N[ IT MU/ PROVE ! PROPOSITION ?AT IT IS ABSOLUTE1 & SO MA/] ( ALL PROP]TY1 SOLE PROPRIETOR2 IT MU/ TAKE TO ITSELF ITS MONEY1 :I* WAS ONLY 9 ! POSSESSION ( ! SUBJECTS1 NOT !IR PROP]TY4 ,9/EAD ( ?IS1 IT CALLS /ATES-G5]AL1 TO HAVE ?IS MONEY GRANT$ TO IT4 ,! %R9K+ FROM /RICTLY LOGICAL ACTION DE/ROY$ ! ILLUSION ( AN ABSOLUTE GOV]NM5T2 HE :O MU/ HAVE SOME?+ 0GRANT$0 TO HIM CANNOT BE REG>D$ AS ABSOLUTE4 ,! SUBJECTS RECOGNIZ$ ?AT !Y W]E REAL PROPRIETORS1 & ?AT IT WAS !IR MONEY ?AT WAS DEM&$4 ,?OSE :O HAD HI!RTO BE5 SUBJECTS ATTA9$ ! CONSCI\SNESS ?AT !Y W]E PROPRIETORS4 ,BAILLY DEPICTS ?IS 9 A FEW WORDS3 

0,IF Y\ CANNOT DISPOSE ( MY PROP]TY )\T MY ASS5T1 H[ MU* LESS CAN Y\ ( MY P]SON1 ( ALL ?AT CONC]NS MY M5TAL & SOCIAL POSITION8 ,ALL ?IS IS MY PROP]TY1 LIKE ! PIECE ( L& ?AT ,I TILL2 & ,I HAVE A RI<T1 AN 9T]E/1 TO MAKE ! LAWS MYSELF40 

,BAILLY'S WORDS S\ND1 C]TA9LY1 AS IF EV]Y ONE WAS A PROPRIETOR N[4 ,H[EV]1 9/EAD ( ! GOV]NM5T1 9/EAD ( ! PR9CE1 ! - NATION N[ BECAME PROPRIETOR & MA/]4 ,FROM ?IS TIME ON ! IDEAL IS SPOK5 ( AS - 0POPUL> LIB]TY0 - 0A FREE PEOPLE10 ETC4 

,AS E>LY AS ,JULY #h1 #a#g#h#i1 ! DECL>ATION ( ! BI%OP ( ,AUTUN & ,B>RI]E TOOK AWAY ALL SEMBLANCE ( ! IMPORTANCE ( EA* & EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL 9 LEGISLATION2 IT %[$ ! COMPLETE P[]LESSNESS ( ! CON/ITU5TS2 ! MAJORITY ( ! REPRES5TATIVES HAS BECOME MA/]4 ,:5 ON ,JULY #i ! PLAN = DIVISION ( ! WORK ON ! CON/ITUTION IS PROPOS$1 ,MIRABEAU REM>KS ?AT 0! GOV]NM5T HAS ONLY P[]1 NO RI<TS2 ONLY 9 ! PEOPLE IS ! S\RCE ( ALL RI<T TO BE F\ND40 ,ON ,JULY #af ?IS SAME ,MIRABEAU EXCLAIMS3 0,IS NOT ! PEOPLE ! S\RCE ( ALL P[]80 ,! S\RCE1 !RE=E1 ( ALL RI<T1 & ! S\RCE ( ALL - P[]6 ,BY ! WAY1 H]E ! SUB/ANCE ( 0RI<T0 BECOMES VISIBLE2 IT IS - P[]4 0,HE :O HAS P[] HAS RI<T40 

,! COMMONALTY IS ! HEIR ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES4 ,9 FACT1 ! RI<TS ( ! B>ONS1 :I* W]E TAK5 FROM !M AS 0USURPATIONS10 ONLY PASS$ OV] TO ! COMMONALTY4 ,= ! COMMONALTY WAS N[ CALL$ ! 0NATION40 0,9TO ! H&S ( ! NATION0 ALL PR]OGATIVES W]E GIV5 BACK4 ,!REBY !Y CEAS$ TO BE 0PR]OGATIVES03 !Y BECAME RI<TS .<,RE*TE.>4 ,FROM ?IS TIME ON ! NATION DEM&S TI!S1 COMPULSORY S]VICES2 IT HAS 9H]IT$ ! LORD'S C\RT1 ! RI<TS ( V]T & V5ISON1 ! - S]FS4 ,! NI<T ( ,AUGU/ #d WAS ! DEA?-NI<T ( PRIVILEGES OR 0PR]OGATIVES0 7CITIES1 COMMUNES1 BO>DS ( MAGI/RATES1 W]E ALSO PRIVILEG$1 FURNI%$ ) PR]OGATIVES & SEIGNIORIAL RI<TS71 & 5D$ ) ! NEW MORN+ ( 0RI<T10 ! 0RI<TS ( ! /ATE10 ! 0RI<TS ( ! NATION40 

,! MON>* 9 ! P]SON ( ! 0ROYAL MA/]0 HAD BE5 A PALTRY MON>* COMP>$ ) ?IS NEW MON>*1 ! 0SOV]EIGN NATION40 ,?IS MON>*Y WAS A ?\S& TIMES SEV]]1 /RICT]1 & MORE CONSI/5T4 ,AGA9/ ! NEW MON>* !RE WAS NO LONG] ANY RI<T1 ANY PRIVILEGE AT ALL2 H[ LIMIT$ ! 0ABSOLUTE K+0 ( ! ANCI5 REGIME LOOKS 9 COMP>ISON6 ,! ,REVOLUTION EFFECT$ ! TRANS=MATION ( LIMIT$ MON>*Y 9TO ABSOLUTE MON>*Y4 ,FROM ?IS TIME ON EV]Y RI<T ?AT IS NOT CONF]R$ BY ?IS MON>* IS AN 0ASSUMPTION02 BUT EV]Y PR]OGATIVE ?AT HE BE/[S1 A 0RI<T40 ,! TIMES DEM&$ ABSOLUTE ROYALTY1 ABSOLUTE MON>*Y2 !RE=E D[N FELL ?AT SO-CALL$ ABSOLUTE ROYALTY :I* HAD SO LITTLE UND]/OOD H[ TO BECOME ABSOLUTE ?AT IT REMA9$ LIMIT$ BY A ?\S& LITTLE LORDS4 

,:AT WAS LONG$ = & /RIV5 = ?R\< ?\S&S ( YE>S - NAMELY1 TO F9D ?AT ABSOLUTE LORD BESIDE :OM NO O!R LORDS & LORDL+S ANY LONG] EXI/ TO CLIP HIS P[] - ! B\RGEOISIE HAS BR\<T TO PASS4 ,IT HAS REVEAL$ ! ,LORD :O ALONE CONF]S 0RI<TFUL TITLES10 & )\T :OSE W>RANT NO?+ IS JU/IFI$4 0,SO N[ WE KN[ ?AT AN IDOL IS NO?+ 9 ! WORLD1 & ?AT !RE IS NO O!R GOD SAVE ! ONE40 .<,I ,COR9?IANS #h3#d.> 

,AGA9/ RI<T ONE CAN NO LONG]1 AS AGA9/ A RI<T1 COME =W>D ) ! ASS]TION ?AT IT IS 0A WRONG40 ,ONE CAN SAY N[ ONLY ?AT IT IS A PIECE ( NONS5SE1 AN ILLUSION4 ,IF ONE CALL$ IT WRONG1 ONE W\LD HAVE TO SET UP ANO!R RI<T 9 OPPOSITION TO IT1 & MEASURE IT BY ?IS4 ,IF1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ONE REJECTS RI<T AS SU*1 RI<T 9 & ( ITSELF1 ALTOGE!R1 !N ONE ALSO REJECTS ! CONCEPT ( WRONG1 & DISSOLVES ! :OLE CONCEPT ( RI<T 7TO :I* ! CONCEPT ( WRONG BELONGS74 

,:AT IS ! MEAN+ ( ! DOCTR9E ?AT WE ALL 5JOY 0EQUALITY ( POLITICAL RI<TS08 ,ONLY ?IS - ?AT ! /ATE HAS NO REG>D = MY P]SON1 ?AT TO IT ,I1 LIKE EV]Y O!R1 AM ONLY A MAN1 )\T HAV+ ANO!R SIGNIFICANCE ?AT COMM&S ITS DEF]5CE4 ,I DO NOT COMM& ITS DEF]5CE AS AN >I/OCRAT1 A NOBLEMAN'S SON1 OR EV5 AS HEIR ( AN (FICIAL :OSE (FICE BELONGS TO ME BY 9H]ITANCE 7AS 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES C\NT%IPS1 ETC41 & LAT] UND] ABSOLUTE ROYALTY1 :]E H]$IT>Y (FICES OCCUR74 ,N[ ! /ATE HAS AN 9NUM]ABLE MULTITUDE ( RI<TS TO GIVE AWAY2 ! RI<T TO LEAD A BATTALION1 A COMPANY1 ETC42 ! RI<T TO LECTURE AT A UNIV]SITY1 & SO =?2 IT HAS !M TO GIVE AWAY BECAUSE !Y >E ITS [N1 NAMELY1 /ATE RI<TS OR 0POLITICAL0 RI<TS4 ,)AL1 IT MAKES NO DIFF]5CE TO IT TO :OM IT GIVES !M1 IF ! RECEIV] ONLY FULFILLS ! DUTIES ?AT SPR+ FROM ! DELEGAT$ RI<TS4 ,TO IT WE >E ALL ( US ALL RI<T1 & - EQUAL - ONE WOR? NO MORE & NO LESS ?AN ANO!R4 ,IT IS 9DIFF]5T TO ME :O RECEIVES ! COMM& ( ! >MY1 SAYS ! SOV]EIGN /ATE1 PROVID$ ! GRANTEE UND]/&S ! MATT] PROP]LY4 0,EQUALITY ( POLITICAL RI<TS0 HAS1 CONSEQU5TLY1 ! MEAN+ ?AT EV]Y ONE MAY ACQUIRE EV]Y RI<T ?AT ! /ATE HAS TO GIVE AWAY1 IF ONLY HE FULFILLS ! CONDITIONS ANNEX$ !RETO - CONDITIONS :I* >E TO BE S\<T ONLY 9 ! NATURE ( ! P>TICUL> RI<T1 NOT 9 A PR$ILECTION = ! P]SON 7 P]SONA GRATA 73! NATURE ( ! RI<T TO BECOME AN (FIC] BR+S ) IT ! NECESSITY ?AT ONE POSSESS S\ND LIMBS & A SUITABLE MEASURE ( KN[L$GE1 BUT IT DOES NOT HAVE NOBLE BIR? AS A CONDITION2 IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 EV5 ! MO/ DES]V+ COMMON] C\LD NOT REA* ?AT /ATION1 !N AN 9EQUALITY ( POLITICAL RI<TS W\LD EXI/4 ,AMONG ! /ATES ( TODAY ONE HAS C>RI$ \T ?AT MAXIM ( EQUALITY MORE1 ANO!R LESS4 

,! MON>*Y ( E/ATES 7SO ,I WILL CALL ABSOLUTE ROYALTY1 ! TIME ( ! K+S BE=E ! REVOLUTION7 KEPT ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 DEP5D5CE ON A LOT ( LITTLE MON>*IES4 ,!SE W]E FELL[%IPS .<,G5OSS5S*AFT5.> 7SOCIETIES .<,GESELLS*AFT5.>7 LIKE ! GUILDS1 ! NOBILITY1 ! PRIE/HOOD1 ! BUR<] CLASS1 CITIES1 COMMUNES4 ,EV]Y:]E ! 9DIVIDUAL MU/ REG>D HIMSELF FIR/ AS A MEMB] ( ?IS LITTLE SOCIETY1 & YIELD UNCONDITIONAL OB$I5CE TO ITS SPIRIT1 ! ESPRIT DE CORPS1 AS HIS MON>*4 ,MORE ?AN ! 9DIVIDUAL NOBLEMAN HIMSELF MU/ HIS FAMILY1 ! HONOR ( HIS RACE1 BE TO HIM4 ,ONLY BY MEANS ( HIS CORPORATION1 HIS E/ATE1 DID ! 9DIVIDUAL HAVE RELATION TO ! GREAT] CORPORATION1 ! /ATE - AS 9 ,CA?OLICISM ! 9DIVIDUAL DEALS ) ,GOD ONLY ?R\< ! PRIE/4 ,TO ?IS ! ?IRD E/ATE N[1 %[+ C\RAGE TO NEGATE ITSELF AS AN E/ATE1 MADE AN 5D4 ,IT DECID$ NO LONG] TO BE & BE CALL$ AN E/ATE BESIDE O!R E/ATES1 BUT TO GLORIFY & G5]ALIZE ITSELF 9TO ! 0NATION40 ,H]EBY IT CREAT$ A MU* MORE COMPLETE & ABSOLUTE MON>*Y1' & ! 5TIRE PREVI\SLY RUL+ PR9CIPLE ( E/ATES .<,/&E.>1 ! PR9CIPLE ( LITTLE MON>*IES 9SIDE ! GREAT1 W5T D[N4 ,!RE=E IT CANNOT BE SAID ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WAS A REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! FIR/ TWO PRIVILEG$ E/ATES4 ,IT WAS AGA9/ ! LITTLE MON>*IES ( E/ATES 9 G5]AL4 ,BUT1 IF ! E/ATES & !IR DESPOTISM W]E BROK5 7! K+ TOO1 WE KN[1 WAS ONLY A K+ ( E/ATES1 NOT A CITIZ5-K+71 ! 9DIVIDUALS FRE$ FROM ! 9EQUALITY ( E/ATE W]E LEFT4 ,W]E !Y N[ REALLY TO BE )\T E/ATE & 0\T ( GE>10 NO LONG] B\ND BY ANY E/ATE1 )\T A G5]AL BOND ( UNION8 ,NO1 = ! ?IRD E/ATE HAD DECL>$ ITSELF ! NATION ONLY 9 ORD] NOT TO REMA9 AN E/ATE BESIDE O!R E/ATES1 BUT TO BECOME ! SOLE E/ATE4 ,?IS SOLE E/ATE IS ! NATION1 ! 0/ATE40 ,:AT HAD ! 9DIVIDUAL N[ BECOME8 ,A POLITICAL ,PROTE/ANT1 = HE HAD COME 9TO IMM$IATE CONNECTION ) HIS ,GOD1 ! /ATE4 ,HE WAS NO LONG]1 AS AN >I/OCRAT1 9 ! MON>*Y ( ! NOBILITY2 AS A ME*ANIC1 9 ! MON>*Y ( ! GUILD2 BUT HE1 LIKE ALL1 RECOGNIZ$ & ACKN[L$G$ ONLY - ONE LORD1 ! /ATE1 AS :OSE S]VANTS !Y ALL RECEIV$ ! EQUAL TITLE ( HONOR1 0CITIZ540 

,! B\RGEOISIE IS ! >I/OCRACY ( ,D,E,S,],T2 ITS MOTTO1 0,LET DES]T WE> ITS CR[NS40 ,IT F\<T AGA9/ ! 0LAZY0 >I/OCRACY1 = ACCORD+ TO IT 7! 9DU/RI\S >I/OCRACY ACQUIR$ BY 9DU/RY & DES]T7 IT IS NOT ! 0BORN0 :O IS FREE1 NOR YET ,I :O AM FREE EI!R1 BUT ! 0DES]V+0 MAN1 ! HONE/ S]VANT 7( HIS K+2 ( ! /ATE2 ( ! PEOPLE 9 CON/ITUTIONAL /ATES74 ,?R\< S]VICE ONE ACQUIRES FRE$OM1 ?AT IS1 ACQUIRES 0DES]TS10 EV5 IF ONE S]V$ - MAMMON4 ,ONE MU/ DES]VE WELL ( ! /ATE1 ( ! PR9CIPLE ( ! /ATE1 ( ITS MORAL SPIRIT4 ,HE :O S]VES ?IS SPIRIT ( ! /ATE IS A GOOD CITIZ51 LET HIM LIVE TO :ATEV] HONE/ BRAN* ( 9DU/RY HE WILL4 ,9 ITS EYES 9NOVATORS PRACTICE A 0BREADLESS >T40 ,ONLY ! 0%OPKEEP]0 IS 0PRACTICAL10 & ! SPIRIT ?AT *ASES AFT] PUBLIC (FICES IS AS MU* ! %OPKEEP+ SPIRIT AS IS ?AT :I* TRIES 9 TRADE TO FEA!R ITS NE/ OR O!RWISE TO BECOME USEFUL TO ITSELF & ANYBODY ELSE4 

,BUT1 IF ! DES]V+ C\NT AS ! FREE 7= :AT DOES ! COM=TABLE COMMON]1 ! FAI?FUL (FICE-HOLD]1 LACK ( ?AT FRE$OM ?AT HIS HE>T DESIRES871 !N ! 0S]VANTS0 >E ! - FREE4 ,! OB$I5T S]VANT IS ! FREE MAN6 ,:AT GL>+ NONS5SE6 ,YET ?IS IS ! S5SE ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 & ITS POET1 ,GOE!1 AS WELL AS ITS PHILOSOPH]1 ,HEGEL1 SUCCE$$ 9 GLORIFY+ ! DEP5D5CE ( ! SUBJECT ON ! OBJECT1 OB$I5CE TO ! OBJECTIVE WORLD4 ,HE :O ONLY S]VES ! CAUSE1 0DEVOTES HIMSELF 5TIRELY TO IT10 HAS ! TRUE FRE$OM4 ,& AMONG ?9K]S ! CAUSE WAS - REASON1 ?AT :I*1 LIKE /ATE & *UR*1 GIVES - G5]AL LAWS1 & PUTS ! 9DIVIDUAL MAN 9 IRONS BY ! ?\<T ( HUMANITY4 ,IT DET]M9ES :AT IS 0TRUE10 ACCORD+ TO :I* ONE MU/ !N ACT4 ,NO MORE 0RATIONAL0 PEOPLE ?AN ! HONE/ S]VANTS1 :O PRIM>ILY >E CALL$ GOOD CITIZ5S AS S]VANTS ( ! /ATE4 

,:E!R FIL?Y RI* OR AS POOR AS A *UR*-M\SE - ! /ATE ( ! COMMONALTY LEAVES ?AT TO Y\R *OICE2 BUT ONLY HAVE A 0GOOD DISPOSITION40 ,?IS IT DEM&S ( Y\1 & C\NTS IT ITS MO/ URG5T TASK TO E/ABLI% ?IS 9 ALL4 ,!RE=E IT WILL KEEP Y\ FROM 0EVIL PROMPT+S10 HOLD+ ! 0ILL-DISPOS$0 9 *ECK & SIL5C+ !IR 9FLAMMATORY DISC\RSES UND] C5SORS' CANCEL+-M>KS OR PRESS-P5ALTIES & BEH9D DUNGEON WALLS1 & WILL1 ON ! O!R H&1 APPO9T PEOPLE ( 0GOOD DISPOSITION0 AS C5SORS1 & 9 EV]Y WAY HAVE A MORAL 9FLU5CE EX]T$ ON Y\ BY 0WELL-DISPOS$ & WELL-MEAN+0 PEOPLE4 ,IF IT HAS MADE Y\ DEAF TO EVIL PROMPT+S1 !N IT OP5S Y\R E>S AGA9 ALL ! MORE DILIG5TLY TO GOOD PROMPT+S4 

,) ! TIME ( ! B\RGEOISIE BEG9S ?AT ( LIB]ALISM4 ,PEOPLE WANT TO SEE :AT IS 0RATIONAL10 0SUIT$ TO ! TIMES10 ETC41 E/ABLI%$ EV]Y:]E4 ,! FOLL[+ DEF9ITION ( LIB]ALISM1 :I* IS SUPPOS$ TO BE PRON\NC$ 9 ITS HONOR1 *>ACT]IZES IT COMPLETELY3 0,LIB]ALISM IS NO?+ ELSE ?AN ! KN[L$GE ( REASON1 APPLI$ TO \R EXI/+ RELATIONS40 ,ITS AIM IS A 0RATIONAL ORD]10 A 0MORAL BEHAVIOR10 A 0LIMIT$ FRE$OM10 NOT AN>*Y1 LAWLESSNESS1 SELFHOOD4 ,BUT1 IF REASON RULES1 !N ! P]SON SUCCUMBS4 ,>T HAS = A LONG TIME NOT ONLY ACKN[L$G$ ! UGLY1 BUT CONSID]$ ! UGLY AS NECESS>Y TO ITS EXI/5CE1 & TAKES IT UP 9TO ITSELF2 IT NE$S ! VILLA94 ,9 ! RELIGI\S DOMA91 TOO1 ! EXTREME/ LIB]ALS GO SO F> ?AT !Y WANT TO SEE ! MO/ RELIGI\S MAN REG>D$ AS A CITIZ5 - ?AT IS1 ! RELIGI\S VILLA92 !Y WANT TO SEE NO MORE ( TRIALS = H]ESY4 ,BUT AGA9/ ! 0RATIONAL LAW0 NO ONE IS TO REBEL1 O!RWISE HE IS ?REAT5$ ) ! SEV]E/ P5ALTY4 ,:AT IS WANT$ IS NOT FREE MOVEM5T & REALIZATION ( ! P]SON OR ( ME1 BUT ( REASON - A DOM9ION ( REASON1 A DOM9ION4 ,! LIB]ALS >E ZEALOTS1 NOT EXACTLY = ! FAI?1 = ,GOD1 BUT C]TA9LY = REASON1 !IR MA/]4 ,!Y BROOK NO LACK ( BRE$+1 & !RE=E NO SELF-DEVELOPM5T & SELF-DET]M9ATION2 !Y PLAY ! GU>DIAN AS EFFECTIVELY AS ! MO/ ABSOLUTE RUL]S4 

0,POLITICAL LIB]TY10 :AT >E WE TO UND]/& BY ?AT8 ,P]HAPS ! 9DIVIDUAL'S 9DEP5D5CE ( ! /ATE & ITS LAWS8 ,NO2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! 9DIVIDUAL'S SUBJECTION 9 ! /ATE & TO ! /ATE'S LAWS4 ,BUT :Y 0LIB]TY08 ,BECAUSE ONE IS NO LONG] SEP>AT$ FROM ! /ATE BY 9T]M$I>IES1 BUT /&S 9 DIRECT & IMM$IATE RELATION TO IT2 BECAUSE ONE IS A - CITIZ51 NOT ! SUBJECT ( ANO!R1 NOT EV5 ( ! K+ AS A P]SON1 BUT ONLY 9 HIS QUALITY AS 0SUPREME HEAD ( ! /ATE40 ,POLITICAL LIB]TY1 ?IS FUNDAM5TAL DOCTR9E ( LIB]ALISM1 IS NO?+ BUT A SECOND PHASE ( - ,PROTE/ANTISM1 & RUNS QUITE P>ALLEL ) 0RELIGI\S LIB]TY4 ,OR W\LD IT P]HAPS BE RI<T TO UND]/& BY ! LATT] AN 9DEP5D5CE ( RELIGION8 ,ANY?+ BUT ?AT4 ,9DEP5D5CE ( 9T]M$I>IES IS ALL ?AT IT IS 9T5D$ TO EXPRESS1 9DEP5D5CE ( M$IAT+ PRIE/S1 ! ABOLITION ( ! 0LAITY10 & SO1 DIRECT & IMM$IATE RELATION TO RELIGION OR TO ,GOD4 ,ONLY ON ! SUPPOSITION ?AT ONE HAS RELIGION CAN HE 5JOY FRE$OM ( RELIGION2 FRE$OM ( RELIGION DOES NOT MEAN BE+ )\T RELIGION1 BUT 9W>DNESS ( FAI?1 UNM$IAT$ 9T]C\RSE ) ,GOD4 ,TO HIM :O IS 0RELIGI\SLY FREE0 RELIGION IS AN AFFAIR ( ! HE>T1 IT IS TO HIM HIS [N AFFAIR1 IT IS TO HIM A 0SACR$LY S]I\S MATT]40 ,SO1 TOO1 TO ! 0POLITICALLY FREE0 MAN ! /ATE IS A SACR$LY S]I\S MATT]2 IT IS HIS HE>T'S AFFAIR1 HIS *IEF AFFAIR1 HIS [N AFFAIR4 

,POLITICAL LIB]TY MEANS ?AT ! POLIS1 ! /ATE1 IS FREE2 FRE$OM ( RELIGION ?AT RELIGION IS FREE1 AS FRE$OM ( CONSCI5CE SIGNIFIES ?AT CONSCI5CE IS FREE2 NOT1 !RE=E1 ?AT ,I AM FREE FROM ! /ATE1 FROM RELIGION1 FROM CONSCI5CE1 OR ?AT ,I AM RID ( !M4 ,IT DOES NOT MEAN MY LIB]TY1 BUT ! LIB]TY ( A P[] ?AT RULES & SUBJUGATES ME2 IT MEANS ?AT ONE ( MY DESPOTS1 LIKE /ATE1 RELIGION1 CONSCI5CE1 IS FREE4 /ATE1 RELIGION1 CONSCI5CE1 !SE DESPOTS1 MAKE ME A SLAVE1 & !IR LIB]TY IS MY SLAV]Y4 ,?AT 9 ?IS !Y NECESS>ILY FOLL[ ! PR9CIPLE1 0! 5D HALL[S ! MEANS10 IS SELF-EVID5T4 ,IF ! WELF>E ( ! /ATE IS ! 5D1 W> IS A HALL[$ MEANS2 IF JU/ICE IS ! /ATE'S 5D1 HOMICIDE IS A HALL[$ MEANS1 & IS CALL$ BY ITS SACR$ NAME1 0EXECUTION02 ! SACR$ /ATE HALL[S EV]Y?+ ?AT IS S]VICEABLE TO IT4 

0,9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY10 OV] :I* CIVIC LIB]ALISM KEEPS JEAL\S WAT*1 DOES NOT BY ANY MEANS SIGNIFY A COMPLETELY FREE SELF-DET]M9ATION1 BY :I* ACTIONS BECOME ALTOGE!R M9E1 BUT ONLY 9DEP5D5CE ( P]SONS4 ,9DIVIDUALLY FREE IS HE :O IS RESPONSIBLE TO NO MAN4 ,TAK5 9 ?IS S5SE - & WE >E NOT ALL[$ TO UND]/& IT O!RWISE - NOT ONLY ! RUL] IS 9DIVIDUALLY FREE1 IRRESPONSIBLE T[>D M5 70BE=E ,GOD10 WE KN[1 HE ACKN[L$GES HIMSELF RESPONSIBLE71 BUT ALL :O >E 0RESPONSIBLE ONLY TO ! LAW40 ,?IS K9D ( LIB]TY WAS WON ?R\< ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! C5TURY - NAMELY1 9DEP5D5CE ( >BITR>Y WILL1 OR TEL E/ NOT] PLAISIR4 ,H5CE ! CON/ITUTIONAL PR9CE MU/ HIMSELF BE /RIPP$ ( ALL P]SONALITY1 DEPRIV$ ( ALL 9DIVIDUAL DECISION1 ?AT HE MAY NOT AS A P]SON1 AS AN 9DIVIDUAL MAN1 VIOLATE ! 09DIVIDUAL LIB]TY0 ( O!RS4 ,! P]SONAL WILL ( ! RUL] HAS DISAPPE>$ 9 ! CON/ITUTIONAL PR9CE2 IT IS ) A RI<T FEEL+1 !RE=E1 ?AT ABSOLUTE PR9CES RESI/ ?IS4 ,NEV]!LESS !SE V]Y ONES PR(ESS TO BE 9 ! BE/ S5SE 0,*RI/IAN PR9CES40 ,= ?IS1 H[EV]1 !Y MU/ BECOME A PURELY SPIRITUAL P[]1 AS ! ,*RI/IAN IS SUBJECT ONLY TO SPIRIT 70,GOD IS SPIRIT074 ,! PURELY SPIRITUAL P[] IS CONSI/5TLY REPRES5T$ ONLY BY ! CON/ITUTIONAL PR9CE1 HE :O1 )\T ANY P]SONAL SIGNIFICANCE1 /&S !RE SPIRITUALIZ$ TO ! DEGREE ?AT HE CAN RANK AS A %E]1 UNCANNY 0SPIRIT10 AS AN IDEA4 ,! CON/ITUTIONAL K+ IS ! TRULY ,*RI/IAN K+1 ! G5U9E1 CONSI/5T C>RY+-\T ( ! ,*RI/IAN PR9CIPLE4 ,9 ! CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*Y 9DIVIDUAL DOM9ION - A REAL RUL] ?AT WILLS - HAS F\ND ITS 5D2 H]E1 !RE=E1 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY PREVAILS1 9DEP5D5CE ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL DICTATOR1 ( EV]YONE :O C\LD DICTATE TO ME ) A TEL E/ NOT] PLAISIR4 ,IT IS ! COMPLET$ ,*RI/IAN /ATE-LIFE1 A SPIRITUALIZ$ LIFE4 

,! BEHAVIOR ( ! COMMONALTY IS LIB]AL ?R\< & ?R\<4 ,EV]Y P]SONAL 9VASION ( ANO!R'S SPH]E REVOLTS ! CIVIC S5SE2 IF ! CITIZ5 SEES ?AT ONE IS DEP5D5T ON ! HUMOR1 ! PLEASURE1 ! WILL ( A MAN AS 9DIVIDUAL 7NOT AS AU?ORIZ$ BY A 0HI<] P[]071 AT ONCE HE BR+S HIS LIB]ALISM TO ! FRONT & %RIEKS AB\T 0>BITR>9ESS40 ,9 F9E1 ! CITIZ5 ASS]TS HIS FRE$OM FROM :AT IS CALL$ ORD]S .<,BEFEHL.> 7ORDONNANCE 730,NO ONE HAS ANY BUS9ESS TO GIVE ME - ORD]S60 ,ORD]S C>RIES ! IDEA ?AT :AT ,I AM TO DO IS ANO!R MAN'S WILL1 :ILE LAW .<,GESETZ.> DOES NOT EXPRESS A P]SONAL AU?ORITY ( ANO!R4 ,! LIB]TY ( ! COMMONALTY IS LIB]TY OR 9DEP5D5CE FROM ! WILL ( ANO!R P]SON1 SO-CALL$ P]SONAL OR 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY2 = BE+ P]SONALLY FREE MEANS BE+ ONLY SO FREE ?AT NO O!R P]SON CAN DISPOSE ( M9E1 OR ?AT :AT ,I MAY OR MAY NOT DO DOES NOT DEP5D ON ! P]SONAL DECREE ( ANO!R4 ,! LIB]TY ( ! PRESS1 = 9/ANCE1 IS SU* A LIB]TY ( LIB]ALISM1 LIB]ALISM FI<T+ ONLY AGA9/ ! CO]CION ( ! C5SOR%IP AS ?AT ( P]SONAL WILLFULNESS1 BUT O!RWISE %[+ ITSELF EXTREMELY 9CL9$ & WILL+ TO TYRANNIZE OV] ! PRESS BY 0PRESS LAWS02 ! CIVIC LIB]ALS WANT LIB]TY ( WRIT+ = !MSELVES2 =1 AS !Y >E LAW-ABID+1 !IR WRIT+S WILL NOT BR+ !M UND] ! LAW4 ,ONLY LIB]AL MATT]1 ONLY LAWFUL MATT]1 IS TO BE ALL[$ TO BE PR9T$2 O!RWISE ! 0PRESS LAWS0 ?REAT5 0PRESS-P5ALTIES40 ,IF ONE SEES P]SONAL LIB]TY ASSUR$1 ONE DOES NOT NOTICE AT ALL H[1 IF A NEW ISSUE HAPP5S TO >ISE1 ! MO/ GL>+ UNFRE$OM BECOMES DOM9ANT4 ,= ONE IS RID ( ORD]S 9DE$1 & 0NO ONE HAS ANY BUS9ESS TO GIVE US ORD]S10 BUT ONE HAS BECOME SO MU* ! MORE SUBMISSIVE TO ! - LAW 4 ,ONE IS 5?RALL$ N[ 9 DUE LEGAL =M4 

,9 ! CITIZ5-/ATE .<,BURG]-,/AAT.> !RE >E ONLY 0FREE PEOPLE10 :O >E COMPELL$ TO ?\S&S ( ?+S 7TO DEF]5CE1 TO A CONFESSION ( FAI?1 & ! LIKE74 ,BUT :AT DOES ?AT AM\NT TO8 ,:Y1 IT IS ONLY ! - /ATE1 ! LAW1 NOT ANY MAN1 ?AT COMPELS !M6 

,:AT DOES ! COMMONALTY MEAN BY 9VEI<+ AGA9/ EV]Y P]SONAL ORD]1 EV]Y ORD] NOT F\ND$ ON ! 0CAUSE .<,SA*E.>10 ON 0REASON08 ,IT IS SIMPLY FI<T+ 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! CAUSE AGA9/ ! DOM9ION ( 0P]SONS06 ,BUT ! M9D'S CAUSE IS ! RATIONAL1 GOOD1 LAWFUL1 ETC42 ?AT IS ! 0GOOD CAUSE40 ,! COMMONALTY WANTS AN IMP]SONAL RUL]4 

,FUR!RMORE1 IF ! PR9CIPLE IS ?IS1 ?AT ONLY ! CAUSE IS TO RULE MAN - NAMELY1 ! CAUSE ( MORALITY1 ! CAUSE ( LEGALITY1 & SO ON1 !N NO P]SONAL BALK+ ( ONE BY ! O!R MAY BE AU?ORIZ$ EI!R 7AS =M]LY ! COMMON] WAS BALK$ ( ! >I/OCRATIC (FICES1 ! >I/OCRAT ( COMMON ME*ANICAL TRADES1 ETC472 FREE COMPETITION MU/ EXI/4 ,ONLY ?R\< ! ?+ .<,SA*E.> CAN ONE BALK ANO!R 7AS ! RI* MAN BALK+ ! IMPECUNI\S MAN BY MONEY1 A ?+71 NOT AS A P]SON4 ,H5CE=? ONLY ONE LORD%IP1 ! LORD%IP ( ! /ATE1 IS ADMITT$2 P]SONALLY NO ONE IS ANY LONG] LORD ( ANO!R4 ,EV5 AT BIR? ! *ILDR5 BELONG TO ! /ATE1 & TO ! P>5TS ONLY 9 ! NAME ( ! /ATE1 :I* DOES NOT ALL[ 9FANTICIDE1 DEM&S !IR BAPTISM & SO ON4 

,BUT ALL ! /ATE'S *ILDR51 FUR!RMORE1 >E ( QUITE EQUAL ACC\NT 9 ITS EYES 70CIVIC OR POLITICAL EQUALITY071 & !Y MAY SEE TO IT !MSELVES H[ !Y GET ALONG ) EA* O!R2 !Y MAY COMPETE4 

,FREE COMPETITION MEANS NO?+ ELSE ?AN ?AT EV]Y ONE CAN PRES5T HIMSELF1 ASS]T HIMSELF1 FI<T1 AGA9/ ANO!R4 ,( C\RSE ! FEUDAL P>TY SET ITSELF AGA9/ ?IS1 AS ITS EXI/5CE DEP5D$ ON AN ABS5CE ( COMPETITION4 ,! CONTE/S 9 ! TIME ( ! ,RE/ORATION 9 ,FRANCE HAD NO O!R SUB/ANCE ?AN ?IS - ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE WAS /RUGGL+ = FREE COMPETITION1 & ! FEUDALI/S W]E SEEK+ TO BR+ BACK ! GUILD SY/EM4 

,N[1 FREE COMPETITION HAS WON1 & AGA9/ ! GUILD SY/EM IT HAD TO W94 7,SEE BEL[ = ! FUR!R DISCUSSION47 

,IF ! ,REVOLUTION 5D$ 9 A REACTION1 ?IS ONLY %[$ :AT ! ,REVOLUTION REALLY WAS4 ,= EV]Y EF=T >RIVES AT REACTION :5 IT COMES TO DISCREET REFLECTION1 & /ORMS =W>D 9 ! ORIG9AL ACTION ONLY SO LONG AS IT IS AN 9TOXICATION1 AN 09DISCRETION40 0,DISCRETION0 WILL ALWAYS BE ! CUE ( ! REACTION1 BECAUSE DISCRETION SETS LIMITS1 & LIB]ATES :AT WAS REALLY WANT$1 ?AT IS1 ! PR9CIPLE1 FROM ! 9ITIAL 0UNBRIDL$NESS0 & 0UNRE/RA9$NESS40 ,WILD Y\NG FELL[S1 BUMPTI\S /UD5TS1 :O SET ASIDE ALL CONSID]ATIONS1 >E REALLY PHILI/9ES1 S9CE ) !M1 AS ) ! LATT]1 CONSID]ATIONS =M ! SUB/ANCE ( !IR CONDUCT2 ONLY ?AT AS SWAGG]]S !Y >E MUT9\S AGA9/ CONSID]ATIONS & 9 NEGATIVE RELATIONS TO !M1 BUT AS PHILI/9ES1 LAT]1 !Y GIVE !MSELVES UP TO CONSID]ATIONS & HAVE POSITIVE RELATIONS TO !M4 ,9 BO? CASES ALL !IR DO+ & ?9K+ TURNS UPON 0CONSID]ATIONS10 BUT ! ,PHILI/9E IS REACTION>Y 9 RELATION TO ! /UD5T2 HE IS ! WILD FELL[ COME TO DISCREET REFLECTION1 AS ! LATT] IS ! UNREFLECT+ PHILI/9E4 ,DAILY EXP]I5CE CONFIRMS ! TRU? ( ?IS TRANS=MATION1 & %[S H[ ! SWAGG]]S TURN TO PHILI/9ES 9 TURN+ GRAY4 

,SO1 TOO1 ! SO-CALL$ REACTION 9 ,G]MANY GIVES PRO( ?AT IT WAS ONLY ! DISCREET CONT9UATION ( ! W>LIKE JUBILATION ( LIB]TY4 

,! ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! E/ABLI%$1 BUT AGA9/ ! E/ABLI%M5T 9 QUE/ION1 AGA9/ A P>TICUL> E/ABLI%M5T4 ,IT DID AWAY ) ?IS RUL]1 NOT ) ! RUL] - ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ,FR5* W]E RUL$ MO/ 9EXORABLY2 IT KILL$ ! OLD VICI\S RUL]S1 BUT WANT$ TO CONF] ON ! VIRTU\S ONES A SECURELY E/ABLI%$ POSITION1 ?AT IS1 IT SIMPLY SET VIRTUE 9 ! PLACE ( VISE4 7,VISE & VIRTUE1 AGA91 >E ON !IR P>T DI/+UI%$ FROM EA* O!R ONLY AS A WILD Y\NG FELL[ FROM A PHILI/9E4 7 

,TO ?IS DAY ! REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLE HAS GONE NO F>!R ?AN TO ASSAIL ONLY ONE OR ANO!R P>TICUL> E/ABLI%M5T1 TO BE RE=MATORY4 ,MU* AS MAY BE IMPROV$1 /RONGLY AS 0DISCREET PROGRESS0 MAY BE ADH]$ TO1 ALWAYS !RE IS ONLY A NEW MA/] SET 9 ! OLD ONE'S PLACE1 & ! OV]TURN+ IS A - BUILD+ UP4 ,WE >E /ILL AT ! DI/9CTION ( ! Y\NG ,PHILI/9E FROM ! OLD ONE4 ,! ,REVOLUTION BEGAN 9 B\RGEOIS FA%ION ) ! UPRIS+ ( ! ?IRD E/ATE1 ! MIDDLE CLASS2 9 B\RGEOIS FA%ION IT DRIES AWAY4 ,IT WAS NOT ! 9DIVIDUAL MAN - & HE ALONE IS ,MAN - ?AT BECAME FREE1 BUT ! CITIZ51 ! CITOY51 ! POLITICAL MAN1 :O = ?AT V]Y REASON IS NOT ,MAN BUT A SPECIM5 ( ! HUMAN SPECIES1 & MORE P>TICUL>LY A SPECIM5 ( ! SPECIES ,CITIZ51 A FREE CITIZ54 

,9 ! ,REVOLUTION IT WAS NOT ! 9DIVIDUAL :O ACT$ SO AS TO AFFECT ! WORLD'S HI/ORY1 BUT A PEOPLE2 ! NATION1 ! SOV]EIGN NATION1 WANT$ TO EFFECT EV]Y?+4 ,A FANCI$ ,I1 AN IDEA1 SU* AS ! NATION IS1 APPE>S ACT+2 ! 9DIVIDUALS CONTRIBUTE !MSELVES AS TOOLS ( ?IS IDEA1 & ACT AS 0CITIZ5S40 

,! COMMONALTY HAS ITS P[]1 & AT ! SAME TIME ITS LIMITS1 9 ! FUNDAM5TAL LAW ( ! /ATE1 9 A *>T]1 9 A LEGITIMATE .<RE*TLI*.> OR JU/' .<G]E*T.> PR9CE :O HIMSELF IS GUID$1 & RULES1 ACCORD+ TO 0RATIONAL LAWS10 9 %ORT1 9 LEGALITY4 ,! P]IOD ( ! B\RGEOISIE IS RUL$ BY ! ,BRITI% SPIRIT ( LEGALITY4 ,AN ASSEMBLY ( PROV9CIAL E/ATES IS EV] RECALL+ ?AT ITS AU?ORIZATION GOES ONLY SO & SO F>1 & ?AT IT IS CALL$ AT ALL ONLY ?R\< FAVOR & CAN BE ?R[N \T AGA9 ?R\< DISFAVOR4 ,IT IS ALWAYS REM9D+ ITSELF ( ITS - VOCATION4 ,IT IS C]TA9LY NOT TO BE D5I$ ?AT MY FA!R BEGOT ME2 BUT1 N[ ?AT ,I AM ONCE BEGOTT51 SURELY HIS PURPOSES 9 BEGETT+ DO NOT CONC]N ME A BIT &1 :ATEV] HE MAY HAVE CALL$ ME TO1 ,I DO :AT ,I MYSELF WILL4 ,!RE=E EV5 A CALL$ ASSEMBLY ( E/ATES1 ! ,FR5* ASSEMBLY 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 RECOGNIZ$ QUITE RI<TLY ?AT IT WAS 9DEP5D5T ( ! CALL]4 ,IT EXI/$1 & W\LD HAVE BE5 /UPID IF IT DID NOT AVAIL ITSELF ( ! RI<T ( EXI/5CE1 BUT FANCI$ ITSELF DEP5D5T AS ON A FA!R4 ,! CALL$ ONE NO LONG] HAS TO ASK 0:AT DID ! CALL] WANT :5 HE CREAT$ ME80 BUT 0:AT DO ,I WANT AFT] ,I HAVE ONCE FOLL[$ ! CALL80 ,NOT ! CALL]1 NOT ! CON/ITU5TS1 NOT ! *>T] ACCORD+ TO :I* !IR MEET+ WAS CALL$ \T1 NO?+ WILL BE TO HIM A SACR$1 9VIOLABLE P[]4 ,HE IS AU?ORIZ$ = EV]Y?+ ?AT IS 9 HIS P[]2 HE WILL KN[ NO RE/RICTIVE 0AU?ORIZATION10 WILL NOT WANT TO BE LOYAL4 ,?IS1 IF ANY SU* ?+ C\LD BE EXPECT$ FROM *AMB]S AT ALL1 W\LD GIVE A COMPLETELY EGOI/IC *AMB]1 SEV]$ FROM ALL NAVEL-/R+ & )\T CONSID]ATION4 ,BUT *AMB]S >E ALWAYS DEV\T1 & !RE=E ONE CANNOT BE SURPRIS$ IF SO MU* HALF-WAY OR UNDECID$1 ?AT IS1 HYPOCRITICAL1 0EGOISM0 P>ADES 9 !M4 

,! MEMB]S ( ! E/ATES >E TO REMA9 )9 ! LIMITS ?AT >E TRAC$ = !M BY ! *>T]1 BY ! K+'S WILL1 & ! LIKE4 ,IF !Y WILL NOT OR CAN NOT DO ?AT1 !N !Y >E TO 0/EP \T40 ,:AT DUTIFUL MAN C\LD ACT O!RWISE1 C\LD PUT HIMSELF1 HIS CONVICTION1 & HIS WILL AS ! FIR/ ?+8 ,:O C\LD BE SO IMMORAL AS TO WANT TO ASS]T HIMSELF1 EV5 IF ! BODY CORPORATE & EV]Y?+ %\LD GO TO RU9 OV] IT8 ,PEOPLE KEEP C>EFULLY )9 ! LIMITS ( !IR AU?ORIZATION2 ( C\RSE ONE MU/ REMA9 )9 ! LIMITS ( HIS P[] ANYH[1 BECAUSE NO ONE CAN DO MORE ?AN HE CAN4 0,MY P[]1 OR1 IF IT BE SO1 P[]LESSNESS1 BE MY SOLE LIMIT1 BUT AU?ORIZATIONS ONLY RE/RA9+ - PRECEPTS8 ,%\LD ,I PR(ESS ?IS ALL-SUBV]SIVE VIEW8 ,NO1 ,I AM A - LAW-ABID+ CITIZ560 

,! COMMONALTY PR(ESSES A MORALITY :I* IS MO/ CLOSELY CONNECT$ ) ITS ESS5CE4 ,! FIR/ DEM& ( ?IS MORALITY IS TO ! EFFECT ?AT ONE %\LD C>RY ON A SOLID BUS9ESS1 AN HONORABLE TRADE1 LEAD A MORAL LIFE4 ,IMMORAL1 TO IT1 IS ! %>P]1 !1 DEMIREP1 ! ?IEF1 ROBB]1 & MURD]]1 ! GAME/]1 ! P5NILESS MAN )\T A SITUATION1 ! FRIVOL\S MAN4 ,! D\<TY COMMON] DESIGNATES ! FEEL+ AGA9/ !SE IMMORAL PEOPLE AS HIS 0DEEPE/ 9DIGNATION40 

,ALL !SE LACK SETTLEM5T1 ! SOLID QUALITY ( BUS9ESS1 A SOLID1 SEEMLY LIFE1 A FIX$ 9COME1 ETC42 9 %ORT1 !Y BELONG1 BECAUSE !IR EXI/5CE DOES NOT RE/ ON A SECURE BASIS TO ! DANG]\S 09DIVIDUALS OR ISOLAT$ P]SONS10 TO ! DANG]\S PROLET>IAT2 !Y >E 09DIVIDUAL BAWL]S0 :O (F] NO 0GU>ANTEE0 & HAVE 0NO?+ TO LOSE10 & SO NO?+ TO RISK4 ,! =M+ ( FAMILY TIES B9DS A MAN3 HE :O IS B\ND FURNI%ES SECURITY1 CAN BE TAK5 HOLD (2 NOT SO ! /REET-WALK]4 ,! GAME/] /AKES EV]Y?+ ON ! GAME1 RU9S HIMSELF & O!RS - NO GU>ANTEE4 ,ALL :O APPE> TO ! COMMON] SUSPICI\S1 HO/ILE1 & DANG]\S MI<T BE COMPRIS$ UND] ! NAME 0VAGABONDS02 EV]Y VAGABONDI% WAY ( LIV+ DISPLEASES HIM4 ,= !RE >E 9TELLECTUAL VAGABONDS TOO1 TO :OM ! H]$IT>Y DWELL+-PLACE ( !IR FA!RS SEEMS TOO CRAMP$ & OPPRESSIVE = !M TO BE WILL+ TO SATISFY !MSELVES ) ! LIMIT$ SPACE ANY MORE3 9/EAD ( KEEP+ )9 ! LIMITS ( A TEMP]ATE /YLE ( ?9K+1 & TAK+ AS 9VIOLABLE TRU? :AT FURNI%ES COM=T & TRANQUILITY TO ?\S&S1 !Y OV]LAP ALL B\NDS ( ! TRADITIONAL & RUN WILD ) !IR IMPUD5T CRITICISM & UNTAM$ MANIA = D\BT1 !SE EXTRAVAGAT+ VAGABONDS4 ,!Y =M ! CLASS ( ! UN/ABLE1 RE/LESS1 *ANGEABLE1 ( ! PROLET>IAT1 &1 IF !Y GIVE VOICE TO !IR UNSETTL$ NATURE1 >E CALL$ 0UNRULY FELL[S40 

,SU* A BROAD S5SE HAS ! SO-CALL$ PROLET>IAT1 OR PAUP]ISM4 ,H[ MU* ONE W\LD ]R IF ONE BELIEV$ ! COMMONALTY TO BE DESIR\S ( DO+ AWAY ) POV]TY 7PAUP]ISM7 TO ! BE/ ( ITS ABILITY6 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! GOOD CITIZ5 HELPS HIMSELF ) ! 9COMP>ABLY COM=T+ CONVICTION ?AT 0! FACT IS ?AT ! GOOD ?+S ( =TUNE >E UNEQUALLY DIVID$ & WILL ALWAYS REMA9 SO - ACCORD+ TO ,GOD'S WISE DECREE40 ,! POV]TY :I* SURR\NDS HIM 9 EV]Y ALLEY DOES NOT DI/URB ! TRUE COMMON] FUR!R ?AN ?AT AT MO/ HE CLE>S HIS ACC\NT ) IT BY ?R[+ AN ALMS1 OR F9DS WORK & FOOD = AN 0HONE/ & S]VICEABLE0 FELL[4 ,BUT SO MU* ! MORE DOES HE FEEL HIS QUIET 5JOYM5T CL\D$ BY 9NOVAT+ & DISCONT5T$ POV]TY1 BY ?OSE POOR :O NO LONG] BEHAVE QUIETLY & 5DURE1 BUT BEG9 TO RUN WILD & BECOME RE/LESS4 ,LOCK UP ! VAGABOND1 ?RU/ ! BRE$] ( UNRE/ 9TO ! D>KE/ DUNGEON6 ,HE WANTS TO 0>\SE DISSATISFACTION & 9CITE PEOPLE AGA9/ EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS0 9 ! /ATE - /ONE HIM1 /ONE HIM6 

,BUT FROM !SE ID5TICAL DISCONT5T$ ONES COMES A REASON+ SOME:AT AS FOLL[S3 ,IT NE$ NOT MAKE ANY DIFF]5CE TO ! 0GOOD CITIZ5S0 :O PROTECTS !M & !IR PR9CIPLES1 :E!R AN ABSOLUTE K+ OR A CON/ITUTIONAL ONE1 A REPUBLIC1 IF ONLY !Y >E PROTECT$4 ,& :AT IS !IR PR9CIPLE1 :OSE PROTECTOR !Y ALWAYS 0LOVE08 ,NOT ?AT ( LABOR2 NOT ?AT ( BIR? EI!R4 ,BUT 1?AT ( M$IOCRITY1 ( ! GOLD5 MEAN3 A LITTLE BIR? & A LITTLE LABOR1 ?AT IS1 AN 9T]E/-BE>+ POSSESSION4 ,POSSESSION IS H]E! FIX$1 ! GIV51 9H]IT$ 7BIR?72 9T]E/-DRAW+ IS !EX]TION AB\T IT 7LABOR72 LABOR+ CAPITAL1 !RE=E4 ,ONLY NO IMMOD]ATION1 NO ULTRA1 NO RADICALISM6 ,RI<T ( BIR? C]TA9LY1 BUT ONLY H]$IT>Y POSSESSIONS2 LABOR C]TA9LY1 YET LITTLE OR NONE AT ALL ( ONE'S [N1 BUT LABOR ( CAPITAL & ( ! - SUBJECT LABOR]S4 

,IF AN AGE IS IMBU$ ) AN ]ROR1 SOME ALWAYS D]IVE ADVANTAGE FROM ! ]ROR1 :ILE ! RE/ HAVE TO SUFF] FROM IT4 ,9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES ! ]ROR WAS G5]AL AMONG ,*RI/IANS ?AT ! *UR* MU/ HAVE ALL P[]1 OR ! SUPREME LORD%IP ON E>?2 ! HI]>*S BELIEV$ 9 ?IS 0TRU?0 NOT LESS ?AN ! LAYM51 & BO? W]E SPELLB\ND 9 ! LIKE ]ROR4 ,BUT BY IT ! HI]>*S HAD ! ADVANTAGE ( P[]1 ! LAYM5 HAD TO SUFF] SUBJECTION4 ,H[EV]1 AS ! SAY+ GOES1 0ONE LE>NS WISDOM BY SUFF]+02 & SO ! LAYM5 AT LA/ LE>N$ WISDOM & NO LONG] BELIEV$ 9 ! M$IEVAL 0TRU?40 - ,A LIKE RELATION EXI/S BETWE5 ! COMMONALTY & ! LABOR+ CLASS4 ,COMMON] & LABOR] BELIEVE 9 ! 0TRU?0 ( MONEY2 !Y :O DO NOT POSSESS IT BELIEVE 9 IT NO LESS ?AN ?OSE :O POSSESS IT3 ! LAYM51 !RE=E1 AS WELL AS ! PRIE/S4 

0,MONEY GOV]NS ! WORLD0 IS ! KEYNOTE ( ! CIVIC .<BURG]LI*.> EPO*4 ,A DE/ITUTE >I/OCRAT & A DE/ITUTE LABOR]1 AS 0/>VEL+S10 AM\NT TO NO?+ SO F> AS POLITICAL CONSID]ATION IS CONC]N$2 BIR? & LABOR DO NOT DO IT1 BUT MONEY BR+S CONSID]ATION .<,GELD GIBT ,GELTUNG.>4 ,! POSSESSORS RULE1 BUT ! /ATE TRA9S UP FROM ! DE/ITUTE ITS 0S]VANTS10 TO :OM1 9 PROPORTION AS !Y >E TO RULE 7GOV]N7 9 ITS NAME1 IT GIVES MONEY 7A SAL>Y74 

,I RECEIVE EV]Y?+ FROM ! /ATE4 ,HAVE ,I ANY?+ )\T ! /ATE'S ASS5T8 ,:AT ,I HAVE )\T ?IS IT TAKES FROM ME AS SOON AS IT DISCOV]S ! LACK ( A 0LEGAL TITLE40 ,DO ,I NOT1 !RE=E1 HAVE EV]Y?+ ?R\< ITS GRACE1 ITS ASS5T8 

,ON ?IS ALONE1 ON ! LEGAL TITLE1 ! COMMONALTY RE/S4 ,! COMMON] IS :AT HE IS ?R\< ! PROTECTION ( ! /ATE1 ?R\< ! /ATE'S GRACE4 ,HE W\LD NECESS>ILY BE AFRAID ( LOS+ EV]Y?+ IF ! /ATE'S P[] W]E BROK54 

,BUT H[ IS IT ) HIM :O HAS NO?+ TO LOSE1 H[ ) ! PROLET>IAN8 ,AS HE HAS NO?+ TO LOSE1 HE DOES NOT NE$ ! PROTECTION ( ! /ATE = HIS 0NO?+40 ,HE MAY GA91 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IF ?AT PROTECTION ( ! /ATE IS )DRAWN FROM ! PROTEGE4 

,!RE=E ! NON-POSSESSOR WILL REG>D ! /ATE AS A P[] PROTECT+ ! POSSESSOR1 :I* PRIVILEGES ! LATT]1 BUT DOES NO?+ = HIM1 ! NON-POSSESSOR1 BUT TO - SUCK HIS BLOOD4 ,! /ATE IS A - COMMON]S' /ATE .<,BURG]/AAT.>1 IS ! E/ATE ( ! COMMONALTY4 ,IT PROTECTS MAN NOT ACCORD+ TO HIS LABOR1 BUT ACCORD+ TO HIS TRACTABL5ESS 70LOYALTY07 - NAMELY1 ACCORD+ TO :E!R ! RI<TS 5TRU/$ TO HIM BY ! /ATE >E 5JOY$ & MANAG$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! WILL1 ?AT IS1 LAWS1 ( ! /ATE4 

,UND] ! REGIME ( ! COMMONALTY ! LABOR]S ALWAYS FALL 9TO ! H&S ( ! POSSESSORS1 ( ?OSE :O HAVE AT !IR DISPOSAL SOME BIT ( ! /ATE DOMA9S 7& EV]Y?+ POSSESSIBLE 9 /ATE DOMA91 BELONGS TO ! /ATE1 & IS ONLY A FIEF ( ! 9DIVIDUAL71 ESPECIALLY MONEY & L&2 ( ! CAPITALI/S1 !RE=E4 ,! LABOR] CANNOT REALIZE ON HIS LABOR TO ! EXT5T ( ! VALUE ?AT IT HAS = ! CONSUM]4 0,LABOR IS BADLY PAID60 ,! CAPITALI/ HAS ! GREATE/ PR(IT FROM IT4 - ,WELL PAID1 & MORE ?AN WELL PAID1 >E ONLY ! LABORS ( ?OSE :O HEI<T5 ! SPL5DOR & DOM9ION ( ! /ATE1 ! LABORS ( HI< /ATE S]VANTS4 ,! /ATE PAYS WELL ?AT ITS 0GOOD CITIZ5S10 ! POSSESSORS1 MAY BE ABLE TO PAY BADLY )\T DANG]2 IT SECURES TO ITSELF BY GOOD PAYM5T ITS S]VANTS1 \T ( :OM IT =MS A PROTECT+ P[]1 A 0POLICE0 7TO ! POLICE BELONG SOLDI]S1 (FICIALS ( ALL K9DS1 ?OSE ( JU/ICE1 $UCATION1 ETC4 - 9 %ORT1 ! :OLE 0MA*9]Y ( ! /ATE07 = ! 0GOOD CITIZ5S10 & ! 0GOOD CITIZ5S0 GLADLY PAY HI< TAX-RATES TO IT 9 ORD] TO PAY SO MU* L[] RATES TO !IR LABOR]S4 

,BUT ! CLASS ( LABOR]S1 BECAUSE UNPROTECT$ 9 :AT !Y ESS5TIALLY >E 7= !Y DO NOT 5JOY ! PROTECTION ( ! /ATE AS LABOR]S1 BUT AS ITS SUBJECTS !Y HAVE A %>E 9 ! 5JOYM5T ( ! POLICE1 A SO-CALL$ PROTECTION ( ! LAW71 REMA9S A P[] HO/ILE TO ?IS /ATE1 ?IS /ATE ( POSSESSORS1 ?IS 0CITIZ5 K+%IP40 ,ITS PR9CIPLE1 LABOR1 IS NOT RECOGNIZ$ AS TO ITS VALUE2 IT IS EXPLOIT$ .<AUSGEBEUTET.>1 A SPOIL .<,KRIEGSBEUTE.> ( ! POSSESSORS1 ! 5EMY4 

,! LABOR]S HAVE ! MO/ 5ORM\S P[] 9 !IR H&S1 &1 IF !Y ONCE BECAME ?OR\<LY CONSCI\S ( IT & US$ IT1 NO?+ W\LD )/& !M2 !Y W\LD ONLY HAVE TO /OP LABOR1 REG>D ! PRODUCT ( LABOR AS !IRS1 & 5JOY IT4 ,?IS IS ! S5SE ( ! LABOR DI/URBANCES :I* %[ !MSELVES H]E & !RE4 

,! /ATE RE/S ON ! - SLAV]Y ( LABOR4 ,IF LABOR BECOMES FREE1 ! /ATE IS LO/4 

,FROM 3 ,WIKI,S\RCE4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahdc 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b1 ,SECTION #c1 ,SUBSECTION #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #b1 #bag 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b1 ,SECTION #c1 ,SUBSECTION #a -- ,ADD$4 

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