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,! ,T5? ( ,AUGU/3 ,ITS ,IMM$IATE ,CONSEQU5CES 

#aiiaii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,SNAP%OTS ( ! ,PA/1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE  
 ,PEASANTS IGNORE FEUDAL SY/EM -- ,*ANGE 9 /ATE ( ,FRANCE -- ,ROYALI/ PLANS -- ,ADM9I/RATION -- ,>MY -- ,LAFAYETTE -- ,FEUDAL LAWS -- ,K+ & ,G]MANS -- ,REVOLUTIONI/S FE> POPUL> RIS+S -- ,ROBESPI]RE -- ,REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]S AT L5G? JO9 H&S -- ,PEOPLE PREP>E TO /RIKE -- ,NEW '0COMMUNE0 SPR+S UP -- ,AUGU/ #a -- ,ROYALI/S ANTICIPATE VICTORY -- ,9DECISION ( ,ASSEMBLE -- ,ABOLITION ( ROYALTY -- ,TRIUMPH ( POPUL> REVOLUTION -- ,DECREES PASS$ UND] COMPULSION BY ,ASSEMBLY -- ,FEUDAL LAWS -- ,L&S ( EMIGRES -- ,PROPOSAL ( ,MAIHE-,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY DISSOLVES -- ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS  

,WE HAVE SE5 :AT WAS ! CONDITION ( ,FRANCE DUR+ ! SUMM] ( #a#g#i#b4 ,= ?REE YE>S ! C\NTRY HAD BE5 9 OP5 REVOLUTION & A RETURN TO ! OLD /ATE ( AFFAIRS HAD BE5 MADE ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,=1 IF ! FEUDAL SY/EM /ILL EXI/$ ACCORD+ TO LAW1 9 ACTUALITY IT WAS NO LONG] ACKN[L$G$ BY ! PEASANTS4 ,!Y PAID ! FEUDAL DUES NO MORE2 !Y GOT HOLD ( ! L&S ( ! CL]GY & ! EMIGRANT NOBLES2 & 9 C]TA9 PLACES !Y1 !MSELVES1 RETOOK FROM ! L&LORD ! L&S :I* =M]LY BELONG$ TO ! VILLAGE COMMUNITIES4 ,9 !IR VILLAGE MUNICIPALITIES1 !Y CONSID]$ !MSELVES ! MA/]S ( !IR [N AFFAIRS4 

,! ,/ATE 9/ITUTIONS W]E EQUALLY UPSET4 ,! :OLE ( ! ADM9I/RATIVE /RUCTURE1 :I* SEEM$ SO =MIDABLE UND] ! OLD REGIME1 WAS CRUMBL+ AWAY UND] ! BREA? ( ! POPUL> REVOLUTION4 ,:O HAD ANY RESPECT N[ = ! EX-GOV]NOR ( ! PROV9CE1 OR = ! ,M>%ALS' ,C\RTS & ! JUDGES ( ! OLD P>LEM5T8 ,! NEW MUNICIPALITY1 CLOSELY WAT*$ OV] BY ! LOCAL SANS-CULOTTES1 ! ,POPUL> ,SOCIETY ( ! PLACE1 ! ,PRIM>Y ,ASSEMBLY1 ! M5 ) ! PIKES-!SE REPRES5T$ ! NEW P[]S ( ,FRANCE4 

,! :OLE ASPECT ( ! C\NTRY1 ! :OLE SPIRIT ( ! PEOPLE1 ITS LANGUAGE1 ITS MANN]S1 ITS IDEAS1 HAD BE5 *ANG$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,A NEW NATION WAS BORN1 & 9 ITS POLITICAL & SOCIAL CONCEPTIONS IT COMPLETELY DIFF]$ FROM :AT HAD BE5 SC>CE TWELVE MON?S BE=E4 

,BUT /ILL ! OLD REGIME WAS LEFT /&+4 ,ROYALTY CONT9U$ TO EXI/ & REPRES5T$ AN 5ORM\S =CE1 R\ND :I* ! C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S W]E READY TO RALLY4 ,! NATION WAS LIV+ UND] PROVISIONAL CONDITIONS4 ,TO GIVE BACK TO ROYALTY ITS =M] P[] WAS CLE>LY A DREAM 9 :I* NO ONE BUT SOME ,C\RT FANATICS BELIEV$ ANY LONG]4 ,BUT ! P[]S ( ROYALTY = EVIL W]E /ILL IMM5SE4 ,IF IT C\LD NOT RE/ORE ! FEUDAL SY/EM1 :AT EVIL MI<T IT NOT DO1 ALL ! SAME1 TO ! LIB]AT$ PEASANTS1 IF1 AFT] HAV+ GOT ! UPP] H&1 ITS SUPPORT]S %\LD DISPUTE 9 EV]Y VILLAGE ! L& & ! LIB]TIES ! PEASANTS HAD WON4 ,?IS WAS1 9 FACT1 :AT ! ,K+ & A GOOD MANY ( ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,MON>*I/S1 ! 0 ,FEUILLANTS10 PROPOS$ TO DO AS SOON AS ! ,C\RT P>TY %\LD HAVE CRU%$ ?OSE :OM !Y CALL$ ! 0 ,JACOB9S40 

,AS TO ! ,ADM9I/RATION 9 TWO-?IRDS ( ! DEP>TM5TS1 & EV5 9 ,P>IS1 ! DEP>TM5TAL ADM9I/RATION & ?AT ( ! DI/RICTS W]E AGA9/ ! PEOPLE1 AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION1 !Y W]E READY TO ADAPT !MSELVES TO ANY SIMULACRUM ( A CON/ITUTION ?AT W\LD HAVE P]MITT$ ! MIDDLE CLASSES TO %>E ! P[] ( GOV]N+ ) ! ,K+ & ! ,C\RT4 

,! >MY1 COMM&$ BY M5 LIKE ,LAFAYETTE & ,LUCKN]1 C\LD BE US$ AT ANY MOM5T AGA9/ ! NATION4 ,9 FACT1 WE HAVE SE5 H[1 AFT] ,JUNE #b1 ,LAFAYETTE LEFT HIS CAMP & CAME TO ,P>IS TO (F] ! ,K+ ! SUPPORT ( 0 HIS 0 >MY AGA9/ ! PEOPLE1 TO BREAK UP ! PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES & TO MAKE A C\P D'ETAT 9 FAVOR ( ! ,C\RT4 

,& TO CR[N ALL1 ! FEUDAL LAWS /ILL REMA9$ 9 =CE4 ,IF ! PEASANTS HAD CEAS$ TO PAY ! FEUDAL DUES ?IS WAS A BREA* ( ! LAW2 & ! MOM5T ! ,K+ RECOV]$ HIS AU?ORITY ! PEASANTS W\LD HAVE BE5 COMPELL$ TO PAY EV]Y?+1 SO LONG AS !Y HAD NOT FRE$ !MSELVES FROM 

 ! CLUT*ES ( ! FEUDAL PA/ BY R$EEM+ !IR S]VITUDE -!Y W\LD HAVE HAD TO RE/ORE ALL ! L& !Y HAD TAK5 FROM ! L&LORD & EV5 :AT !Y HAD B\<T FROM ! ,/ATE4 

,IT WAS CLE> ?AT ?IS PROVISIONAL /ATE ( ?+S C\LD NOT LA/ LONG4 ,A NATION CANNOT GO ON LIV+ ) A SWORD SUSP5D$ OV] ITS HEAD4 ,&1 MOREOV]1 ! PEOPLE1 GUID$ BY !IR UNFAIL+ 9/9CTS1 KNEW P]FECTLY WELL ?AT ! ,K+ WAS CONNIV+ ) ! ,G]MANS1 & 9VIT+ !M TO M>* ON ,P>IS4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 IT IS TRUE1 NO WRITT5 PRO( ( HIS TREA*]Y WAS YET KN[N4 ,! CORRESPOND5CE ( ! ,K+ & ,M>IE ,ANTO9ETTE HAD NOT BE5 DISCOV]$1 & IT WAS NOT KN[N H[ !SE TWO TRAITORS W]E URG+ ! ,AU/RIANS & ! ,PRUSSIANS TO HA/5 !IR M>* ON ,P>IS2 ?AT !Y W]E KEEP+ !M 9=M$ AS TO ALL ! MOVEM5TS ( ! ,FR5* TROOPS2 TRANSMITT+ TO !M ALL ! MILIT>Y SECRETS1 ?US DELIV]+ UP ,FRANCE TO ! 9VAD]S4 ,ALL ?IS WAS ONLY LE>N$ LAT]1 & EV5 !N1 RA!R VAGUELY1 AFT] ! TAK+ ( ! ,TUIL]IES1 :5 C]TA9 PAP]S ( ! ,K+'S W]E SEIZ$ 9 A SECRET CUPBO>D MADE = HIM BY LOCKSMI? ,GAMA94 ,BUT TREASON IS NOT EASILY HIDD51 & BY A ?\S& 9DICATIONS1 UPON :I* ! M5 & WOM5 ( ! PEOPLE W]E QUICK TO SEIZE1 !Y W]E CONV9C$ ?AT ! ,C\RT HAD MADE AN AGREEM5T ) ! ,G]MANS & ?AT ,FRANCE WAS GO+ TO BE DELIV]$ UP TO !M4 

,! IDEA GRADUALLY SPREAD !N1 ?R\< ,P>IS & ! PROV9CES1 ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO /RIKE A GREAT BL[ AGA9/ ! ,TUIL]IES3 ?AT ! OLD REGIME W\LD REMA9 A P]PETUAL M5ACE TO ,FRANCE SO LONG AS ,L\IS ,X,V,I REMA9$ ON ! ?RONE4 

,& 9 ORD] TO /RIKE ?AT BL[1 AN APPEAL HAD TO BE MADE = A RIS+ ( ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS-TO ! M5 ) ! PIKES -AS HAD BE5 DONE 9 #a<i BE=E ,JULY #a#d4 ,& ?IS WAS :AT ! MIDDLE CLASSES REFUS$ TO DO-:AT !Y DREAD$ MO/4 ,WE F9D1 9DE$1 9 ! WRIT+S ( ! P]IOD A K9D ( T]ROR ( 0 ! M5 ) ! PIKES40 ,W]E !Y GO+ TO REAPPE>1 !SE M5 SO T]RIBLE TO ! RI*8 

,! WOR/ WAS ?AT ?IS FE> WAS FELT NOT ONLY BY ! PROP]TI$ CLASSES1 BUT ALSO BY ! ADVANC$ POLITICIANS4 ,ROBESPI]RE UP TO ,JUNE #agib ALSO OPPOS$ ! APPEAL = A POPUL> RIS+4 0,! OV]?R[ ( ! ,CON/ITUTION AT ?IS MOM5T10 HE SAID1 0CAN ONLY K9DLE CIVIL W>1 :I* WILL LEAD TO AN>*Y & DESPOTISM40 ,HE DID NOT BELIEVE 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( A REPUBLIC4 0,:AT10 HE EXCLAIM$1 0IS IT 9 ! MID/ ( SO MANY FATAL DISS5SIONS ?AT !Y WANT TO LEAVE US SUDD5LY )\T A ,CON/ITUTION60 ,! REPUBLIC1 9 IS OP9ION1 W\LD BE 0 ! >BITR>Y WILL ( ! FEW40 ,HE MEANT ( ! ,GIROND9S4 0,?IS IS ! AIM ( ALL ! 9TRIGUES :I* HAVE AGITAT$ US ?IS LONG :ILE40 ,& TO BAFFLE !SE 9TRIGUES HE PREF]R$ TO RETA9 ! ,K+ & ! 9TRIGUES ( ! ,C\RT6 ,?IS WAS H[ HE SPOKE AS LATE AS ,JUNE1 TWO MON?S BE=E ,AUGU/ #a4 

,TO CONV9CE ! REVOLUTION>Y 0LEAD]S ( OP9ION0 ( ! NECESSITY ( /RIK+ A BL[ AT ! ,TUIL]IES & ( MAK+ AN APPEAL1 !RE=E1 = A POPUL> RIS+1 NO?+ LESS WAS REQUIR$ ?AN ?AT !Y %\LD HAVE VISIBLE TE/IMONY ( ! REACTION :I* BEGAN AFT] ,JUNE #b-! COMIC40 ( ,LAFAYETTE TO ,P>IS TO (F] 0HIS 0 >MY = A ROYALI/ C\P D'ETAT1 ! ,G]MANS MAK+ READY TO M>* ON ,P>IS 0TO DELIV] ! ,K+0 & 0 TO PUNI% ! ,JACOB9S10 & F9ALLY1 ! ACTIVE MILIT>Y PREP>ATIONS MADE BY ! ,C\RT = ATTACK+ ,P>IS4 ,ONLY !N DID !Y MAKE UP !IR M9DS1 & UND]/& ! NECESSITY ( ! RIS+4 ,BUT ONCE ?IS WAS DECID$ UPON1 ! PEOPLE UND]TOOK TO DO ! RE/4 

,IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ,DANTON1 ,ROBESPI]RE1 ,M>AT1 ,ROB]T & A FEW O!RS CAME TO A PRELIM9>Y UND]/&+4 ,ROBESPI]RE DETE/$ EV]Y?+ AB\T ,M>AT2 HIS MILIT>Y F]VOR1 :I* HE CALL$ EXAGG]ATION1 HIS HATR$ ( ! RI*1 HIS ABSOLUTE DI/RU/ ( POLITICIANS-EV]Y?+ EV5 TO ! POOR & DIRTY CLO?+ ( ! MAN1 :O S9CE ! ,REVOLUTION HAD BROK5 \T HAD EAT5 NO?+ BUT ! FOOD ( ! PEOPLE1 BREAD & WAT]1 & HAD 5TIRELY DEVOT$ HIMSELF TO ! PEOPLE'S CAUSE4 ,& YET ! ELEGANT & PUNCTIL \S ,ROBESPI]RE1 AS WELL AS ,DANTON1 APPROA*$ ,M>AT & HIS FOLL[]S1 APPROA*$ ! M5 ( ! ,P>IS SECTIONS ( ! ,COMMUNE1 TO COME TO AN UND]/&+ ) !M AS TO ! MEANS ( R\S+ ! PEOPLE AGA91 AS ON ,JULY #a#d4 ,!Y AT LA/ UND]/OOD ?AT IF ! PROVISIONAL /ATE ( ?+S LA/$ MU* LONG] ! ,REVOLUTION W\LD DIE \T )\T HAV+ ACCOMPLI%$ ANY?+ DURABLE4 

,EI!R AN APPEAL %\LD BE MADE TO ! PEOPLE1 & !N FULL LIB]TY W\LD HAVE TO BE LEFT TO ! POOR TO /RIKE !IR 5EMIES AS IT SEEM$ BE/ TO !M1 & TO LEVY :AT !Y C\LD UPON ! PROP]TY ( ! RI*1 OR ELSE ! ROYAL P[] W\LD W9 9 ! /RUGGLE & ?IS W\LD MEAN ! TRIUMPH ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION1 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! LITTLE ?AT HAD BE5 OBTA9$ 9 ! DIRECTION ( EQUALITY-! ,:ITE ,T]ROR ( #agid W\LD HAVE BEGUN 9 #a#g#i#b4 

,AN UND]/&+ WAS1 !RE=E1 >RIV$ AT BETWE5 A SMALL NUMB] ( ! MORE ADVANC$ ,JACOB9S1 & ?OSE ( ! PEOPLE :O WANT$ TO /RIKE A DECISIVE BL[ AT ! ,TUIL]IES4 ,BUT ! MOM5T !Y HAD COME TO ?IS UND]/&+1 FROM ! MOM5T :5 0 ! LEAD]S ( OP9ION 0-! ,ROBESPI]RES1 ! ,DANTONS1 & !IR FOLL[]S-PROMIS$ TO OPPOSE NO LONG] A POPUL> 9SURRECTION1 & DECL>$ !IR READ9ESS TO SUPPORT IT1 ! RE/ WAS LEFT TO ! PEOPLE1 :O UND]/OOD1 MU* BETT] ?AN ! LEAD]S ( ! P>TIES1 ! NECESSITY = COMMON ACTION :5 ! ,REVOLUTION WAS ON ! PO9T ( /RIK+ SU* A DECISIVE BL[4 

,! PEOPLE1 ! ,GREAT ,UNKN[N1 N[ BEGAN TO PREP>E = ! RIS+ & !Y CREAT$1 SPONTANE\SLY1 = ! NE$S ( ! MOM5T1 ! K9D ( SECTIONAL ORGANIZATION :I* WAS JUDG$ ! FITTE/ TO GIVE ! NECESS>Y COHESION TO ! MOVEM5T4 ,AS TO ! DETAILS1 !Y W]E LEFT TO ! ORGANIZ+ SPIRIT ( ! PEOPLE ( ! FAUB\RGS1 & :5 ! SUN ROSE OV] ,P>IS NO ONE C\LD HAVE PR$ICT$ H[ ?AT GREAT DAY W\LD 5D4 ,! TWO BATTALIONS ( F$]ALS FROM ,M>SEILLES & ,BRE/1 WELL ORGANIZ$ & >M$1 NUMB]$ ONLY AB\T A ?\S& M51 NO ONE EXCEPT ?OSE :O HAD BE5 WORK+ ! PREC$+ DAYS & NI<TS 9 ! R$-HOT FURNACE ( ! FAUB\RGS C\LD SAY :E!R ! FAUB\RGS W\LD RISE 9 A BODY OR NOT4 

0,& ! ORD9>Y LEAD]S1 :]E W]E !Y & :AT W]E !Y DO+80 ASKS ,L\IS ,BLANC4 0,!RE IS NO?+ TO 9DICATE10 HE REPLIES1 0:AT ACTION ,ROBESPI]RE TOOK ON ?IS SUPREME NI<T1 OR :E!R HE DID ANY?+ AT ALL40 ,NOR DOES ,DANTON SEEM TO HAVE TAK5 ANY ACTIVE P>T 9 ! PREP>ATIONS = ! RIS+ OR 9 ! FI<T ITSELF ON ,AUGU/ @9O4 

,IT IS QUITE CLE> ?AT1 FROM ! MOM5T ?AT ! MOVEM5T WAS DECID$1 ! PEOPLE HAD NO NE$ ( ! POLITICIANS4 ,:AT WAS NECESS>Y WAS TO >M ! PEOPLE1 TO DI/RIBUTE WEAPONS AMONG ?OSE :O KNEW H[ TO USE !M1 TO ORGANIZE ! NUCLEUS ( EA* BATTALION1 TO =M A COLUMN 9 EA* /REET ( ! FAUB\RGS4 ,= ?IS WORK1 ! POLITICIANS W\LD ONLY HAVE BE5 9 ! WAY1 & ! M5 ( ! PEOPLE TOLD !M TO GO TO B$ :ILE ! MOVEM5T WAS BE+ DEF9ITELY ORGANIZ$ ON ! NI<T ( ,AUGU/ #i & #a4 ,?AT IS :AT ,DANTON DID1 & HE SLEPT PEACEFULLY1 AS WE KN[ FROM ,LUCILE ,DESM\L9'S J\RNAL4 

,NEW M51 0UNKN[N ONES10 CAME TO ! FRONT 9 ?OSE DAYS1 :5 A NEW ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNE ( ,AUGU/ #a1 WAS APPO9T$ BY ! SECTIONS4 ,TAK+ ! LAW 9TO !IR [N H&S1 EA* SECTION NOM9AT$ ?REE COMMISSION]S1 0 TO SAVE ! C\NTRY10 & ! PEOPLE'S *OICE FELL1 SO ! HI/ORIANS TELL US1 UPON OBSCURE M54 ,! 0EXTREMI/10 ,HEB]T1 WAS ONE ( !M1 ?AT WAS A MATT] ( C\RSE2 BUT WE F9D NEI!R ,M>AT NOR ,DANTON AMONG !M AT FIR/4 

,?US IT WAS ?AT A NEW 0 ,COMMUNE 0-! 9SURRECTION>Y ,COMMUNE-SPRANG UP 9 ! MID/ ( ! PEOPLE & TOOK UPON ITSELF ! DIRECTION ( ! RIS+4 ,& WE %ALL SEE ?IS ,COMMUNE EX]CIS+ A P[]FUL 9FLU5CE OV] ! PROGRESS ( SUBSEQU5T EV5TS2 DOM9AT+ ! ,CONV5TION & URG+ 0 ! ,M\NTA9 0 TO REVOLUTION>Y ACTION SO AS TO SECURE1 AT LEA/1 ! CONQUE/S ALREADY WON BY ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,IT W\LD BE USELESS TO N>RATE H]E ! :OLE DAY'S DO+S ON ,AUGU/ #a4 ,! DRAMATIC SIDE ( ! ,REVOLUTION IS :AT HAS BE5 TOLD BE/ BY ! HI/ORIANS1 & EXCELL5T DESCRIPTIONS ( ITS EV5TS WILL BE F\ND 9 ,MI*ELET & ,L\IS ,BLANC4 ,WE %ALL1 !RE=E1 CONF9E \RSELVES TO RECALL+ ! *IEF FEATURES ( ?AT DAY4 

,EV] S9CE ,M>SEILLES HAD DECL>$ = ! DE?RONEM5T ( ! ,K+1 PETITIONS & ADDRESSES = ! DE?RONEM5T HAD COME 9 GREAT NUMB]S TO ! ,ASSEMBLY4 ,9 ,P>IS =TY TWO ELECTIONS HAD PRON\NC$ 9 FAVOR ( IT4 ,PETION HAD EV5 GONE ON ,AUGU/ #d TO BR+ =W>D ?IS RESOLUTION ( ! SECTIONS AT ! B> ( ! ,ASSEMBLY4 

,AS TO ! POLITICIANS !Y DID NOT REALIZE 9 ! LEA/ ! GRAVITY ( ! SITUATION1 & ?\< WE F9D 9 LETT]S WRITT5 FROM ,P>IS BY ,MADAME ,JULLI5 ON ,AUGU/ #g & #h1 SU* PASSAGES AS !SE3 0 ,A T]RIBLE /ORM IS COM+ UP ON ! HORIZON4444 ,AT ?IS MOM5T ! HORIZON IS HEAVY ) VAPORS :I* MU/ PRODUCE A T]RIBLE EXPLOSION 0-! ,ASSEMBLY 9 ITS SITT+ ( ! #e? CALMLY VOT$ ! ABSOLUTION ( ,LAFAYETTE = HIS LETT] AS IF NO SU* ?+ AS A MOVEM5T ( HATR$ AGA9/ ROYALTY EXI/$4 

,AL ! :ILE ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS W]E PREP>+ = A DECISIVE BATTLE4 ,! 9SURRECTION>Y COMMITTEE HAD1 H[EV]1 ! GOOD S5SE NOT TO FIX ANY DATE = ! RIS+ BE=EH&4 ,!Y M]ELY S\ND$ ! V>Y+ MOODS ( ! POPULATION ( ,P>IS1 DID !IR BE/ TO BRACE UP !IR M9DS1 & KEPT WAT* = ! MOM5T :5 ! APPEAL TO >MS C\LD BE MADE4 ,?US1 !Y TRI$1 APP>5TLY1 TO PROVOKE A RIS+ ON ,JUNE #b#f1 AFT] A POPUL> BANQUET AMONG ! RU9S ( ! ,BA/ILLE1 9 :I* ! :OLE FAUB\RG HAD TAK5 P>T-PEOPLE BR++ TO IT !IR TABLES & PROVISIONS44 ,& !Y TRI$ ANO!R RIS+ ON ,JULY #c1 BUT AGA9 ! ATTEMPT DID NOT SUCCE$4 

,ALTOGE!R ! PREP>ATIONS = ! RIS+1 BADLY SECOND$ BY 0 ! LEAD]S ( OP9ION10 W\LD1 P]HAPS1 HAVE DRAGG$ \T TO SOME L5G?1 IF ! PLOTS ( ! ,C\RT HAD NOT HELP$ TO PRECIPITATE MATT]S4 ,) ! AID ( ! C\RTI]S1 :O HAD SWORN TO DIE = ! ,K+1 ALONG ) SOME BATTALIONS ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D ?AT HAD REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO ! ,C\RT & ! ,SWISS1 ! ROYALI/S FELT SURE ( VICTORY4 ,!Y HAD FIX$ ,AUGU/ TO = !IR C\P D'ETAT4 0 ,?AT WAS ! DAY FIX$ = ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION10 WE READ 9 ONE ( ! LETT]S ( ! P]IOD2 0 ! FOLL[+ DAY WAS TO SEE ALL ! ,JACOB9S ( ! K+DOM DR[N$ 9 !IR [N BLOOD40 

,! 9SURRECTION1 !RE=E1 C\LD NOT BE PO/PON$ ANY LONG]4 ,ON ! NI<T ( ! #i? & #a?1 JU/ AB\T MIDNI<T1 ! TOCS9 RANG 9 ,P>IS4 ,AT FIR/1 H[EV]1 ITS CALL SEEM$ NOT TO BE WELL ATT5D$1 & IT WAS ASK$ AT ! ,COMMUNE :E!R ! RIS+ %\LD NOT BE C\NT]M&$4 ,AT SEV5 O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+ C]TA9 QU>T]S W]E /ILL TRANQUIL4 ,9 REALITY1 H[EV]1 IT APPE>S ?AT ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS1 ) !IR ADMIRABLE 9/9CT = REVOLUTION1 DID NOT WANT TO 5T] 9TO CONFLICT ) ! ROYAL TROOPS 9 ! D>K1 BECAUSE SU* A FI<T MI<T EASILY HAVE 5D$ 9 !IR BE+ R\T$4 

,9 ! MEANTIME ! ,9SURRECTION>Y ,COMMUNE HAD TAK5 POSSESSION ( ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE DUR+ ! NI<T1 & ! LEGAL C\NCIL ( ! ,COMMUNE HAD ABDICAT$ 9 ! PRES5CE ( ?IS NEW REVOLUTION>Y P[]1 :I* IMM$IATELY GAVE AN IMPETUS TO ! 9SURRECTION4 

,AB\T SEV5 O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+ ONLY SOME M5 ) PIKES1 L$ BY ! ,F$]ATES FROM ,M>SEILLES1 DEB\*$ UPON ! ,PLACE DU ,C>\SEL2 BUT AN H\R LAT] L>GE MASSES ( ! PEOPLE BEGAN TO MOVE1 & ! ,K+ WAS 9=M$ ?AT 0 ALL ,P>IS 0 WAS M>*+ ON ! ,TUIL]IES4 

,IT WAS 9DE$ ALL ,P>IS1 ?AT IS1 ALL ! ,P>IS ( ! POOR1 SUPPORT$ BY ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>DS FROM ! WORK]S' & >TISANS' QU>T]S4 

,AB\T HALF-PA/ EI<T1 AS !SE MASSES W]E ALREADY APPROA*+ ! PALACE1 ! ,K+1 HAUNT$ BY ! REC5T MEMORY ( :AT HAD HAPP5$ ON ,JUNE #b1 & FE>+ TO BE KILL$ ?IS TIME BY ! PEOPLE1 QUITT$ ! ,TUIL]IES1 & W5T TO TAKE REFUGE ) ! ,ASSEMBLY1 LEAV+ HIS FAI?FUL S]VITORS TO DEF5D ! PALACE & TO MASSACRE ITS ASSAILANTS4 ,BUT AS SOON AS ! ,K+ HAD GONE1 5TIRE BATTALIONS ( ,NATIONAL ,GU>DS FROM ! RI* MIDDLE-CLASS QU>T]S DISP]S$1 SO AS NOT TO HAVE TO FACE ! PEOPLE 9 REVOLT4 

,COMPACT MASSES ( ! PEOPLE !N ?RONG$ 9TO ! APPROA*ES TO ! ,TUIL]IES1 & !IR VANGU>D1 5C\RAG$ BY ! ,SWISS ,GU>DS1 :O FLUNG !IR C>TRIDGES \T ( ! PALACE W9D[S1 P5ETRAT$ 9TO ONE ( ! C\RTY>DS ( ! ,TUIL]IES4 ,BUT H]E1 O!RS ( ! ,SWISS1 COMM&$ BY ! (FIC]S ( ! ,C\RT & PO/$ ON ! GREAT /AIRCASE ( ! *IEF 5TRANCE1 FIR$ UPON ! CR[D1 & 9 A FEW M9UTES F\R HUNDR$ ( ! ASSAILANTS LAY DEAD 9 HEAPS AT ! FOOT ( ! /AIRS4 

,?IS %OOT+ DECID$ ! ISSUE ( ! DAY4 ,! CRIES ( 0,TREA*]Y6 ,DEA? TO ! ,K+6 ,DEA? TO ! ,AU/RIAN WOMAN60 RAPIDLY SPREAD ALL OV] ! T[N1 & ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS RAN T[>DS ! ,TUIL]IES FROM ALL SIDES-! ,FAUB\RGS ,SA9T ,ANTO9E & ,SA9T-,M>CEAU RU%$ !RE 9 A BODY- & SOON ! ,SWISS1 UND] ! FURI\S ASSAULT ( ! PEOPLE1 W]E EI!R DIS>M$ OR MASSACR$4 

,NE$ WE RECALL ! FACT ?AT EV5 AT ! SUPREME MOM5T ! ,ASSEMBLY REMA9$ UNDECID$1 NOT KN[+ :AT TO DO8 ,!Y ACT$ ONLY :5 ! >M$ PEOPLE BUR/ 9TO ! HALL :]E !Y W]E SITT+ ?REAT5+ TO KILL ! ,K+ & HIS FAMILY1 AS WELL AS ! DEPUTIES :O DID NOT D>E TO PRON\NCE ! DE?RONEM5T4 ,EV5 AFT] ! ,TUIL]IES HAD BE5 TAK5 & :5 ROYALTY NO LONG] EXI/$ 9 FACT1 ! ,GIROND9S1 :O =M]LY HAD LOV$ TO ORATE AB\T ! ,REPUBLIC1 /ILL HESITAT$ TO FACE ANY DECISIVE ACTION4 ,ALL ?AT ,V]GNIAUD D>$ DEM& WAS 0 A PROVISIONAL SUSP5SION ( ! HEAD ( ! EXECUTIVE P[] 0-:O1 H5CE=?1 %\LD BE 9/ALL$ 9 ! ,PALACE ( ! ,LUXEMB\RG4 

,IT WAS ONLY TWO OR ?REE DAYS LAT] ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNE TRANSF]R$ ,L\IS ,X,V,I & HIS FAMILY FROM ! ,LUXEMB\RG1 :5CE !Y MI<T EASILY HAVE ESCAP$1 TO ! T[] ( ! ,TEMPLE1 & UND]TOOK TO HOLD !M !RE AS ! PEOPLE'S PRISON]S4 

,ROYALTY WAS ?US ABOLI%$ ,DE ,FACTO ,H5CE=? ! ,REVOLUTION WAS ABLE TO DEVELOP = A:ILE )\T FE> ( BE+ SUDD5LY *ECK$ 9 ITS PROGRESS BY A ROYALI/ C\P D'EAT OR BY A MASSACRE ( ! REVOLUTIONI/S BY ! 0,:ITE ,T]ROR40 

,= ! POLITICIANS ! *IEF 9T]E/S ( ! REVOLUTION ( ,AUGU/ #a LAY 9 ! BL[ IT HAD /RUCK AT ROYALTY4 ,= ! PEOPLE IT LAY ESPECIALLY 9 ! ABOLITION ( ?AT =CE1 :I* WAS OPPOS+ ! C>RY+ \T ( ! DECREES AGA9/ ! FEUDAL RI<TS1 AGA9/ ! EMIGRANT NOBLES & AGA9/ ! PRIE/S1 & :I* AT ! SAME TIME HAD APPEAL$ TO A ,G]MAN 9VASION TO REE/ABLI% ! FEUDAL MON>*Y4 ,IT LAY 9 ! TRIUMPH ( A POPUL> REVOLUTION1 9 A TRIUMPH ( ! MASSES1 :O C\LD N[ PU% ON ! ,REVOLUTION T[>DS ,EQUALITY- ?AT DREAM & AIM ( ! POOR4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ON ! V]Y DAY AFT] ,AUGU/ #a1 ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY1 REACTION>Y AS IT WAS1 HAD TO PASS1 UND] PRESSURE FROM )\T1 SOME DECREES :I* W]E TO S5D ! ,REVOLUTION A /EP =W>D4 

,EV]Y PRIE/ :O HAD NOT YET TAK5 ! OA? 7SO RAN !SE DECREES71 & :O1 )9 ! NEXT =TNI<T1 DID NOT SWE> TO OBEY ! ,CON/ITUTION1 & YET WAS F\ND AFT] ?AT TIME UPON ,FR5* T]RITORY1 %\LD BE TRANSPORT$ TO ,CAY5NE4 

,ALL ! L&S ( ! EMIGRANT NOBLES1 9 ,FRANCE & 9 ! COLONIES1 W]E TO BE SEQUE/RAT$1 & PUT UP = SALE 9 SMALL LOTS4 

,ALL DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 PASSIVE CITIZ51 7! POOR7 & ACTIVE CITIZ5S 7! PROP]TI$ CLASSES7 W]E ABOLI%$4 ,EV]Y ONE BECAME AN ELECTOR ON ATTA9+ HIS TW5TY-FIR/ YE>1 & WAS ELIGIBLE = ELECTION AT TW5TY-FIVE4 

,AS TO ! FEUDAL LAWS1 WE HAVE SE5 H[ ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 ON ,M>* #a#e1 #a#g#i1 HAD MADE A DECREE1 ACCORD+ TO :I* ! FEUDAL DUES W]E SUPPOS$ TO REPRES5T ! PRICE ( A C]TA9 CONCESSION ( L&1 MADE ONCE UPON A TIME BY ! L&[N] TO ! T5ANT :I* WAS1 ( C\RSE1 FALSE- &1 AS SU*1 ALL ! FEUDAL DUES HAD TO BE PAID SO LONG AS !Y W]E NOT R$EEM$ BY ! T5ANT4 ,?IS DECREE1 BY ?AT CONF\ND+ ! P]SONAL DUES1 ! \TCOME ( R5T1 WIP$ \T1 DE FACTO1 ! DECREE ( ,AUGU/ #d1 #a#g#h#i1 :I* HAD DECL>$ ! =M] TO BE ABOLI%$4 ,BY ! DECREE ( ,M>* #a#e1 #a#g#i1 !SE DECREES CAME UP AGA9 UND] ! FICTION :I* REPRES5T$ !M AS PAYM5T = ! POSSESSION ( ! L&4 ,?IS IS :AT ,C\?ON HAD MADE QUITE EVID5T 9 HIS REPORT1 READ BE=E ! ,ASSEMBLY ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#i1 #a#g#i#b4 

,BUT ON ,JUNE #a#d1 #a#g#i#b1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 :5 ,JUNE #b WAS CLOSE AT H&1 & IT WAS NECESS>Y TO CONCILIATE ! PEOPLE1 ! ,LEFT1 TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! ACCID5TAL ABS5CE ( C]TA9 MEMB]S ( ! ,RI<T1 ABOLI%$ )\T 9DEMNITY SOME ( ! P]SONAL FEUDAL DUES1 ! MO/ NOTEWOR?Y BE+ ! CASUEL1 ?AT IS1 ! RI<T ( ! LORD TO LEVY DUES 9 CASES ( LEGACIES LEFT BY HIS T5ANTS1 ON M>RIAGES1 ON SALES & ON ! W9E-PRESS1 ! MIL#a & O!R COMMUNAL NECESS>IES4 

,AFT] ?REE YE>S ( REVOLUTION A P>LIAM5T>Y TRICK WAS ?US NECESS>Y TO OBTA9 FROM ! ,ASSEMBLY ! ABOLITION ( !SE ODI\S DUES4 ,9 REALITY EV5 ?IS DECREE DID NOT F9ALLY ABOLI% !M3 9 C]TA9 CASES !Y /ILL HAD TO BE R$EEM$2 BUT LET US PASS OV] ?AT4 

,AS TO ! ANNRAL FEUDAL LEVIES1 SU* AS ! QUIT-R5TS1 ! FIELD-TAX & SO ON1 :I* W]E PAID 9 ADDITION TO ! R5T & REPRES5T$ RELICS ( ! ANCI5T S]VITUDE1 !Y REMA9$ 9 FULL =CE4 

,BUT N[ CAME ,AUGU/ @9O4 ,! PEOPLE HAD TAK5 POSSESSION ( ! ,TUIL]IES1 & ! ,K+ WAS DE?RON$ & IMPRISON$4 ,& AS SOON AS ?IS NEWS SPREAD TO ! VILLAGES1 PETITIONS FROM ! PEASANTS FLOOD$ ! ,ASSEMBLY1 DEM&+ ! TOTAL ABOLITION O@s ! FEUDAL RI<TS4 

,!SE W]E ! DAYS BE=E ,SEPTEMB] #b1 :5 ! ATTITUDE ( ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS WAS NOT ALTOGE!R REASSUR+ = ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY1 :I* WAS ACCUS$ ( PLOTT+ ) ROYALTY1 & ! ,ASSEMBLY1 SEE+ ITSELF COMPELL$ TO TAKE SOME /EPS =W>D4 ISSU$ ! DECREES ( ,AUGU/ #af TO #b#e1 #agib 

,9 VIRTUE ( !SE DECREES ALL PROSECUTION = NONPAYM5T ( FEUDAL DUES WAS SUSP5D$4 ,! FEUDAL & SEIGNIORIAL RI<TS ( ALL K9DS1 :I* W]E NOT ! PRICE ( AN ORIG9AL CONCESSION ( L&1 W]E SUPPRESS$ )\T 9DEMNITY4 

,& BY ! DECREE ( ,AUGU/ #b1 IT WAS P]MITT$ TO R$EEM SEP>ATELY1 EI!R ! CASUEL RI<TS1 OR ! ANNUAL RI<TS1 ! LEGITIMACY ( :I* C\LD BE PROV$ BY PRES5T+ ! ORIG9AL TITLE ( ! CONCESSION ( L&4 ,ALL ?IS1 H[EV]1 ONLY 9 CASE ( A NEW PUR*ASE BY A NEW [N]4 

,! ABOLITION ( ! PROSECUTIONS REPRES5T$1 UND\BT$LY1 A GREAT /EP 9 ADVANCE4 ,BUT ! FEUDAL RI<TS /ILL REMA9$4 ,!Y HAD /ILL TO BE R$EEM$4 ,! NEW LAW ONLY ADD$ TO ! CONFUSION-! RESULT BE+ ?AT1 H5CE=?1 ! PEASANTS C\LD PAY NO?+ & R$EEM NO?+4 ,& ?IS WAS :AT ! PEASANTS DID :ILE WAIT+ = SOME NEW VICTORY = ! PEOPLE & SOME NEW CONCESSION ON ! P>T ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4 

,AT ! SAME TIME ALL TI!S & PRES5TATIONS1 OR OBLIGATORY UNPAID LABOR = ! CL]GY1 :I* HAD BE5 RETA9$ FROM ! DAYS ( S]FDOM OR MORTMA91 W]E SUPPRESS$ )\T 9DEMNITY4 ,?IS WAS A SUB/ANTIAL GA94 ,IF ! ,ASSEMBLY PROTECT$ ! L&S & ! MIDDLE-CLASS MONOPOLI/S1 !Y1 AT LEA/1 DELIV]$ UP ! PRIE/S1 S9CE ! ,K+ WAS NO LONG] !RE TO DEF5D !M4 

,BUT AT ! SAME TIME ! ,ASSEMBLY TOOK A MEASURE :I*1 IF IT HAD BE5 APPLI$1 W\LD HAVE /IRR$ UP ! :OLE ( ! ,FR5* PEASANTRY AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,IT ABOLI%$ ! JO9T RESPONSIBILITY = PAYM5TS :I* EXI/$ 9 ! PEASANT COMMUNES1 & ACCEPT+ ! MOTION ( ,FRANCOIS DE ,NEUF*ATEAU1 ! ,ASSEMBLY ORD]$ ! COMMUNAL L&S TO BE DIVID$ AMONG ! CITIZ5S4 ,IT APPE>S1 H[EV]1 ?AT ?IS DECREE1 EXPRESS$ 9 A FEW L9ES & 9 V]Y VAGUE T]MS1 WAS NEV] TAK5 S]I\SLY4 ,ITS APPLICATION1 BESIDES1 W\LD HAVE 9VOLV$ SU* DIFFICULTIES ?AT IT REMA9$ A DEAD LETT]2 & :5 ! QUE/ION CAME UP AGA91 ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY1 HAV+ F9I%$ ITS T]M ( ,DICE1 DISSOLV$ )\T COM+ TO ANY DECISION4 

,CONC]N+ ! L&S ( ! EMIGRANT NOBLES IT WAS DECID$ TO PUT !M UP = SALE 9 SMALL LOTS ( TWO1 ?REE1 OR NOT MORE ?AN F\R ACRES4 ,& ?IS SALE WAS TO BE MADE1 0ON LEASE1 AT A MONEY R5T10 ALWAYS R$EEMABLE4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 HE :O HAD NOT ! MONEY C\LD PUR*ASE ALL ! SAME1 ON CONDITION ( PAY+ A P]PETUAL R5T1 :I* HE MI<T1 SOME DAY1 BE ABLE TO R$EEM4 ,?IS WAS1 ( C\RSE1 TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ! POOR PEASANT1 BUT ALL SORTS ( DIFFICULTIES W]E EVID5TLY PUT 9 ! WAY ( SMALL PUR*AS]S4 ,WELL-TO-DO MIDDLE-CLASS PEOPLE PREF]R$ TO BUY ! E/ATES ( ! EMIGRANT NOBLES 9 BULK & TO SPECULATE 9 ! SALE ( !M BROK5 UP 9TO LOTS LAT] ON4 

,F9ALLY-& ?IS1 TOO1 WAS TYPICAL-ONE ( ! MEMB]S1 ,MAILHE1 TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! CONDITION ( M5'S M9DS AT ?IS MOM5T TO PROPOSE A MEASURE :I* WAS REALLY REVOLUTION>Y & WAS ACCEPT$ LAT] ON1 9 #a#g#i#c1 AFT] ! FALL ( ! ,GIROND9S4 ,HE DEM&$ ?AT ! EFFECTS ( ! ROYAL ORD9ANCE ( #affi MI<T BE BROK51 & ?AT ! LORDS %\LD BE COMPELL$ TO RE/ORE TO ! VILLAGE COMMUNES ! L& :I* !Y HAD TAK5 AWAY FROM !M 9 VIRTUE ( ?AT ORD9ANCE4 ,HIS PROPOSAL1 H[EV]1 WAS NOT ACCEPT$2 A NEW REVOLUTION WAS REQUIR$ = ?AT4 

,!SE !N W]E ! RESULTS ( ,AUGU/ TO3 ,ROYALTY WAS OV]?R[N1 & N[ IT WAS POSSIBLE = ! ,REVOLUTION TO TURN OV] A NEW PAGE 9 ! DIRECTION ( EQUALITY1 PROVID$ ! ,ASSEMBLY & ! GOV]N+ CLASSES 9 G5]AL DID NOT OPPOSE IT4 

,! ,K+ & HIS FAMILY W]E 9 PRISON4 ,A NEW ,ASSEMBLY1 A ,NATIONAL ,CONV5TION1 WAS CONVOK$4 ,! ELECTIONS W]E TO BE MADE BY UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 BUT /ILL 9 TWO DEGREES4 

,SOME MEASURES W]E TAK5 AGA9/ ! PRIE/S :O REFUS$ TO RECOGNIZE ! ,CON/ITUTION1 & AGA9/ ! EMIGRANT NOTES4 ,ORD]S W]E GIV5 TO PUT UP = SALE ! L&S ( ! EMIGRES :I* HAD BE5 SEQUE/RAT$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! DECREE ( ,M>* #c1 #a#g#i#b4 

,! W> AGA9/ ! 9VAD]S WAS TO BE PU%$ ON VIGOR\SLY BY ! SANS-CULOTTE VOLUNTE]S4 

,BUT ! GREAT QUE/ION-0:AT WAS TO BE DONE ) ! TRAITOR ,K+ 0-& ?AT O!R GREAT QUE/ION1 :I* WAS SO VITAL = FIFTE5 MILLION PEASANTS-! QUE/ION ( ! FEUDAL RI<TS-REMA9$ 9 SUSP5SE4 ,IT WAS /ILL NECESS>Y TO R$EEM ?OSE RI<TS 9 ORD] TO DO AWAY ) !M4 ,& ! NEW LAW CONC]N+ ! P>TITION ( ! COMMUNAL L&S ?REW ! VILLAGES 9TO AL>M4 

,IT WAS OV] ?IS ?AT ! ,LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY DISSOLV$1 AFT] DO+ ALL !Y C\LD TO PREV5T ! ,REVOLUTION FROM DEVELOP+ NORMALLY1 & FROM PUTT+ AN 5D TO ?OSE TWO H]ITAGES ( ! PA/3 ! ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY ( ! ,K+ & ! FEUDAL LAWS4 

,BUT BY ! SIDE ( ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY !RE HAD GR[N UP1 S9CE ,AUGU/ #a1 A NEW P[]1 ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS1 :I* TOOK 9TO ITS H&S ! REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVE &1 AS WE %ALL SEE PRES5TLY1 MANAG$ TO RETA9 IT = NE>LY TWO YE>S4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,*APT] #cc -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#h1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #cc -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/