,*APT] #cf 
,! ,CONV5TION--,! ,COMMUNE--,! ,JACOB9S 

#aiiaii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY DUNCAN C1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,CONV5TION =M$ -- ,ITS COMPOSITION -- ,GIROND9S -- ,M\NTA9 -- ,PLA9 OR ,M>% -- ,ACTIVITY ( SECTIONS S9CE !IR =MATION -- ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNE -- ,JACOB9 ,CLUB & -- ,M\NTA9 -- ,JACOB9S SUPPORT 0,M\NTA910 BUT OPPOSE ,GIROND9S 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#a1 #a#g#i#b1 ! ,CONV5TION1 ?AT ,ASSEMBLY :I* HAS BE5 SO (T5 REPRES5T$ AS ! TRUE TYPE1 ! IDEAL ( A REVOLUTION>Y ,ASSEMBLY1 WAS AT LA/ OP5$4 ,! ELECTIONS HAD BE5 MADE BY ALL ! CITIZ5S1 BO? ACTIVE & PASSIVE1 BUT /ILL 9 TWO DEGREES1 :I* MEANS ?AT ALL ! CITIZ5S HAD FIR/ ELECT$ ! ELECTORAL ASSEMBLIES1 & !SE HAD NOM9AT$ ! DEPUTIES TO ! ,CONV5TION4 ,SU* A MODE ( ELECTION WAS CLE>LY 9 FAVOR ( ! WEAL?Y2 BUT AS ! ELECTIONS TOOK PLACE 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 9 ! MID/ ( ! G5]AL AGITATION RESULT+ FROM ! TRIUMPH ( ! PEOPLE ON ,AUGU/ #a & MANY :O W]E OPPOS$ TO !1 ,REVOLUTION1 BE+ T]RORIZ$ BY ! EV5TS ON ,SEPTEMB] #b1 PREF]R$ NOT TO %[ !MSELVES AT ALL DUR+ ! ELECTIONS1 ?+ W]E NOT SO BAD AS MI<T HAVE BE5 FE>$4 ,9 ,P>IS1 ,M>AT'S LI/1 CONTA9+ ALL ! REVOLUTION>IES KN[N AT ! ,CORDELI]S' & ,JACOB9 ,CLUBS1 WAS ACCEPT$ 9 ITS 5TIRETY4 ,! FIVE HUNDR$ & TW5TY-FIVE ELECTORS ( ,P>IS1 :O MET TOGE!R ON ,SEPTEMB] #b1 9 ! ,CLUB ( ! ,JACOB9S1 ELECT$ ,COLLOT D',H]BOIS & ,ROBESPI]RE AS PRESID5T & VISE-PRESID5T1 EXCLUD$ FROM ! LI/S ALL ?OSE :O HAD SIGN$ ! TWO ROYALI/ PETITIONS KN[N AS ! ,PETITIONS ( ! ,EI<T ,?\S& & ! ,TW5TY ,?\S&1 & VOT$ = ,M>AT'S LI/4 

,! 0MOD]ANTI/0 ELEM5T DOM9AT$1 H[EV]1 ALL ! SAME 9 ! NEW ,ASSEMBLY1 & ,M>AT WROTE1 AFT] ! FIR/ SITT+1 ?AT1 SEE+ ! *>ACT] ( ! MAJORITY ( ! DELEGATES1 HE DESPAIR$ ( ! SALVATION ( ,FRANCE4 ,HE =ESAW ?AT !IR OPPOSITION TO ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT WAS GO+ TO PLUNGE ! C\NTRY 9TO 5DLESS /RUGGLES3 0,!Y WILL 5D BY BR++ EV]Y?+ TO DE/RUCTION10 HE SAID1 0IF ! SMALL NUMB] ( ! DEF5D]S ( ! PEOPLE1 :O WILL HAVE TO CONT5D ) !M1 DO NOT GET ! UPP] H& & CRU% !M40 ,WE %ALL SEE PRES5TLY H[ RI<T W]E HIS =EBOD+S4 

,BUT ! EV5TS W]E IMPELL+ ,FRANCE T[>DS ! ,REPUBLIC1 & ! 9CL9ATIONS ( ! PEOPLE W]E SU* ?AT ! MOD]ANTI/S ( ! ,CONV5TION DID NOT D>E TO RESI/ ! CURR5T :I* WAS SWEEP+ AWAY ROYALTY4 ,AT ITS V]Y FIR/ SITT+ ! ,CONV5TION DECL>$ UNANIM\SLY ?AT ROYALTY WAS ABOLI%$ 9 ,FRANCE4 ,M>SEILLES1 AS WE HAVE SE51 & SEV]AL O!R PROV9CIAL T[NS W]E ALREADY BE=E ,AUGU/ #a DEM&+ A ,REPUBLIC2 & ,P>IS HAD DONE SO ) ALL SOLEMNITY S9CE ! FIR/ DAY ( ! ELECTIONS4 ,! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB HAD ALSO DECID$ AT LA/1 9 ITS SITT+ ( ,AUGU/ #b#g1 TO DECL>E ITSELF REPUBLICAN1 AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( ! PAP]S F\ND 9 ! ,TUIL]IES4 ,! ,CONV5TION FOLL[$ ! LEAD ( ,P>IS4 ,IT ABOLI%$ ROYALTY AT ITS FIR/ SITT+ ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#a1 #a#g#i#b4 ,! NEXT DAY1 BY A SECOND DECREE1 IT ORDA9$ ?AT FROM ?IS DAY ALL PUBLIC ACTS %\LD BE DAT$ FROM ! FIR/ YE> ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 

,?REE V]Y DI/9CT P>TIES MET 9 ! ,CONV5TION3 ! ,M\NTA91 ! ,GIRONDE & ! ,PLA91 OR RA!R ! ,M>%4 ,! ,GIROND9S1 AL?\< LESS ?AN TWO HUNDR$1 DOM9AT$4 ,!Y HAD ALREADY1 9 ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY1 FURNI%$ ! ,K+ ) ! ,ROL& ,M9I/RY1 & !Y LIK$ TO POSE AS 0/ATESM540 ,COMPOS$ ( WELL-$UCAT$1 REF9$ & KE5 POLITICIANS1 ! ,GIRONDI/ P>TY REPRES5T$ ! 9T]E/S ( ! COMM]CIAL1 M]CANTILE1 & PROP]TI$ MIDDLE CLASSES1 :O W]E COM+ TO ! FRONT V]Y RAPIDLY UND] ! NEW REGIME4 ,) ! SUPPORT ( ! ,MOD]ATES ( ! ,M>%1 ! ,GIROND9S W]E AT FIR/ ! /RONGE/1 & IT WAS FROM AMONG !M ! FIR/ REPUBLICAN ,M9I/RY WAS *OS51 ,DAMON ALONE1 ( ! ,M9I/RY ?AT HAD COME 9TO P[] ON ,AUGU/ #a1 HAD REPRES5T$ ! POPUL> REVOLUTION BUT HE S5T 9 HIS RESIGNATION ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#a1 :5 ! ,CONV5TION MET1 & ! P[] RE/$ 9 ! H&S ( ! ,GIROND9S4 

,! 0,M\NTA910 COMPOS$ ( ,JACOB9S1 SU* AS ,ROBESPI]RE1 ,SA9T-,JU/ & ,C\?ON1 ( ,CORDELI]S1 SU* AS ,DANTON & ,M>AT1 & SUPPORT$ BY POPUL> REVOLUTIONI/S LIKE ,*AUMETTE & ,H]B]T1 WAS NOT YET CON/ITUT$ 9TO A POLITICAL P>TY3 ?AT WAS DONE LAT] ?R\< ! C\RSE ( EV5TS4 ,= ! TIME BE+1 !RE RALLI$ R\ND !M ?OSE :O WANT$ TO PRESS ON AHEAD & MAKE ! ,REVOLUTION 5D 9 SOME TANGIBLE RESULTS -- ?AT IS TO SAY1 TO DE/ROY ROYALTY & ROYALISM1 TO CRU% ! P[] ( ! >I/OCRACY & ! CL]GY1 TO ABOLI% FEUDALISM TO E/ABLI% ! ,REPUBLIC4 

,LA/LY1 ! 0,PLA90 OR 0,M>%0 CONSI/$ ( ?OSE :O W]E UNDECID$ -- M5 )\T SETTL$ CONVICTIONS1 ALWAYS REMA9+ 0PROP]TY-[N]S0 & CONS]VATIVES BY 9/9CT -- ?OSE :O =M ! MAJORITY 9 ALL REPRES5TATIVE ASSEMBLIES4 ,!Y NUMB]$ AB\T FIRE HUNDR$ 9 ! ,CONV5TION4 ,AT FIR/ !Y SUPPORT$ ! ,GIROND9S1 BUT !N DES]T$ !M 9 ! MOM5T ( DANG]4 ,FE> MADE !M SUPPORT = A C]TA9 TIME ! ,R$ ,T]ROR1 ) ,SA9T-,JU/ & ,ROBESPI]RE1 BUT AFT]W>DS !Y BECAME P>TISANS ( ! ,:ITE ,T]ROR1 :5 ! C\P D'ETAT ( ,!RMIDOR HAD S5T ,ROBESPI]RE & HIS FRI5DS TO ! SCAFFOLD4 

,ONE MI<T HAVE ?\<T ?AT N[ ! ,REVOLUTION WAS GO+ TO DEVELOP )\T FUR!R H9DRANCES & FOLL[ ! NATURAL PA? DICTAT$ BY ! LOGIC ( EV5TS4 ,! TRIAL & CONDEMNATION ( ! ,K+1 A ,REPUBLICAN ,CON/ITUTION 9 PLACE ( ?AT ( #a#g#i#a1 W> TO ! DEA? AGA9/ ! 9VAD]S2 & AT ! SAME TIME ! ABOLITION ( ALL ?AT CON/ITUT$ ! P[] ( ! OLD REGIME -- ! FEUDAL LAWS1 ! AU?ORITY ( ! CL]GY1 ! ROYALI/ ORGANIZATION ( PROV9CIAL ADM9I/RATIONS -- ALL !SE \<T TO HAVE BE5 CONSID]$ AS ! NECESS>Y \TCOME ( ! SITUATION4 

,BUT ! MIDDLE CLASSES :I* HAD COME 9TO P[] & W]E REPRES5T$ 9 ! ,CONV5TION BY ! 0,/ATESM50 ( ! ,GIRONDE1 DID NOT HOLD ?IS OP9ION4 

,! PEOPLE HAD DE?RON$ ,L\IS ,X,V,I4 ,BUT AS TO GETT+ RID ( ! TRAITOR :O HAD BR\<T ! ,G]MANS ALMO/ TO ! GATES ( ,P>IS1 AS TO EXECUT+ ,L\IS ,X,V,I1 ! ,GIRONDE WAS V]Y /RONGLY 9 OPPOSITION4 ,RA!R CIVIL W> ?AN ?IS DECISIVE /EP6 ,NOT FROM FE> ( ! V5GEANCE ( ! =EIGN] -- S9CE IT WAS ! ,GIROND9S !MSELVES :O HAD UND]TAK5 TO WAGE W> AGA9/ ALL ,EUROPE2 BUT FROM FE> ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ( ! ,FR5* PEOPLE1 & ESPECIALLY ( ! ,P>IS REVOLUTIONI/S :O SAW 9 ! EXECUTION ( ! ,K+ ! BEG9N+ ( ! REAL REVOLUTION4 

,H[EV]1 ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS1 9 !IR SECTIONS & !IR ,COMMUNE1 HAD BE5 ABLE TO =M1 SIDE BY SIDE ) ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY1 A V]ITABLE P[]1 :I* GAVE BODY TO ! REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES ( ! ,P>ISIAN POPULATION1 & 9 ! 5D EV5 DOM9AT$ ! ,CONV5TION4 ,LET US1 !RE=E1 PAUSE A MOM5T BE=E T\*+ UPON ! /RUGGLES :I* R5T ! ,NATIONAL ,REPRES5TATION1 TO CA/ A RETROSPECTIVE GLANCE ON ! ME?ODS BY :I* ?IS AU?ORITY1 ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS1 HAD BE5 CON/ITUT$4 

,WE HAVE SE5 9 *APS4 XXIV1 & XXV4 H[ ! SECTIONS ( ,P>IS HAD ASSUM$ IMPORTANCE1 AS ORGANS ( ! MUNICIPAL LIFE1 BY TAK+ UPON !MSELVES1 9 ADDITION TO ! POLICE FUNCTIONS & ! ELECTION ( ! JUDGES :I* BELONG$ TO !M BY LAW1 V>I\S ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS ( ! HI<E/ IMPORTANCE -- SU* AS ! DI/RIBUTION ( FOOD-/UFFS1 PUBLIC AID1 ! SALE ( NATIONAL L&S1 & SO ON1 5D WE SAW H[ !SE V]Y FUNCTIONS 5ABL$ !M TO EX]CISE A S]I\S 9FLU5CE 9 ! DISCUSSION ( ! GREAT POLITICAL QUE/IONS ( A G5]AL *>ACT]4 

,HAV+ BECOME IMPORTANT ORGANS ( ! PUBLIC LIFE1 ! SECTIONS NECESS>ILY TRI$ TO E/ABLI% A F$]AL L9K BETWE5 !MSELVES1 & SEV]AL TIMES ALREADY1 9 #agi & #a#g#i#a1 !Y APPO9T$ SPECIAL COMMISSION]S ) ! OBJECT ( COM+ TO AN UND]/&+ ) EA* O!R = COMMON ACTION1 \TSIDE ! REGUL> ,MUNICIPAL ,C\NCIL4 ,H[EV]1 NO?+ P]MAN5T RESULT$ FROM !SE ATTEMPTS4 

,9 ,APRIL #a#g#i#b1 :5 W> WAS DECL>$1 ! LABORS ( ! SECTIONS W]E SUDD5LY AUGM5T$ BY A GREAT MANY NEW FUNCTIONS4 ,!Y HAD TO TAKE UPON !MSELVES ! 5ROLLM5T & ! *OICE ( ! VOLUNTE]S1 ! COLLECT+ ( PATRIOTIC DONATIONS1 ! EQUIPM5T & PROVISION+ ( ! BATTALIONS S5T TO ! FRONTI]S1 ! ADM9I/RATIVE & POLITICAL CORRESPOND5CE ) !SE BATTALIONS1 ! LOOK+ AFT] ! NE$S ( ! VOLUNTE]S' FAMILIES1 @&C41 NOT TO M5TION ! P]PETUAL /RIFE :I* !Y HAD TO MA9TA9 FROM DAY TO DAY AGA9/ ! ROYALI/ CONSPIRATORS :O TRI$ TO HAMP] !IR WORK4 ,) !SE NEW FUNCTIONS1 ! NECESSITY = A DIRECT UNION BETWE5 ! SECTIONS MADE ITSELF FELT MORE ?AN EV]4 

,N[ADAYS1 LOOK+ OV] ! CORRESPOND5CE ( ! SECTIONS & !IR VA/ ACC\NTS1 ONE CANNOT BUT ADMIRE ! SPIRIT ( SPONTANE\S ORGANIZATION %[N BY ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS1 & ! DEVOTION ( ! M5 :O WILL+LY C>RI$ \T ! :OLE ( ?IS TASK -- USUALLY AFT] F9I%+ !IR DAILY LABOR4 ,H]E IS :]E WE MAY APPRECIATE ! DEVOTION1 MORE ?AN RELIGI\S1 :I* WAS CREAT$ 9 ! ,FR5* PEOPLE BY ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,= WE MU/ NOT =GET ?AT IF EA* SECTION APPO9T$ ITS MILIT>Y COMMITTEE & ITS CIVIL COMMITTEE1 IT WAS TO ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLIES1 HELD 9 ! EV5+1 ?AT ALL IMPORTANT QUE/IONS W]E G5]ALLY REF]R$4 

,WE CAN UND]/&1 TOO1 H[ !SE M51 :O W]E LOOK+ ON ! HORRORS ( W> NOT !ORETICALLY1 BUT 9 REALITY1 & W]E 9 DAILY T\* ) ! SUFF]+S IMPOS$ UPON ! PEOPLE BY ! 9VASION1 MU/ HAVE HAT$ ! 9/IGATORS ( ! 9VASION -- ! ,K+1 ! ,QUE51 ! ,C\RT1 ! EX-NOBLES & ! RI*1 ALL ! RI*1 :O MADE COMMON CAUSE ) ! ,C\RT4 ,! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS ?US JO9$ ) ! PEASANTS ( ! FRONTI] DEP>TM5TS 9 !IR HATR$ ( ! SUPPORT]S ( ! ?RONE :O HAD CALL$ ! =EIGN]S 9TO ,FRANCE4 ,:51 !RE=E1 ! IDEA ( A PACIFIC DEMON/RATION = ,JUNE #b WAS SUGGE/$1 IT WAS ! SECTIONS ?AT TOOK UPON !MSELVES ! ORGANIZATION ( ?IS DEMON/RATION -- IT WAS !Y :O AFT]W>DS >RANG$ ! ATTACK ON ! ,TUIL]IES ON ,AUGU/ #a1 TAK+ ! OPPORTUNITY1 MEAN:ILE1 TO =M AT LA/ ! MU* DESIR$ DIRECT UNION = REVOLUTION>Y ACTION AMONG ! SECTIONS4 

,:5 IT BECAME EVID5T ?AT ! DEMON/RATION ON ,JUNE #b HAD RESULT$ 9 NO?+ -- ?AT ! ,C\RT HAD NOT LE>N$ ANY?+1 & DID NOT WI% TO LE>N ANY?+ -- ! SECTIONS !MSELVES TOOK ! 9ITIATIVE 9 DEM&+ FROM ! ,ASSEMBLY ! DE?RONEM5T ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I4 ,ON ,JULY #bc ! SECTION ( ,MAUCONSEIL PASS$ A RESOLUTION TO ?IS EFFECT1 ( :I* !Y GAVE NOTICE TO ! ,ASSEMBLY2 & !N !Y SET TO WORK TO PREP>E = A RIS+ ON ,AUGU/ #e4 ,O!R SECTIONS HA/5$ TO PASS A SIMIL> RESOLUTION1 & :5 ! ,ASSEMBLY1 9 ITS SITT+ ( ,AUGU/ #e1 D5\NC$ ! RESOLUTION ( ! CITIZ5S ( ,MAUCONSEIL AS ILLEGAL1 IT HAD ALREADY RECEIV$ ! APPROBATION ( F\RTE5 SECTIONS4 ,! SAME DAY SOME MEMB]S ( ! ,GRAVILLI]S SECTION W5T TO ! ,ASSEMBLY TO DECL>E ?AT !Y W]E /ILL LEAV+ TO ! LEGISLATORS 0! HONOR ( SAV+ ! C\NTRY10 BUT !Y ADD$3 0,IF Y\ REFUSE1 H[EV]1 TO DO IT1 WE %ALL HAVE TO TAKE IT UPON \RSELVES40 ,! ,QU9ZE-,V+TS SECTION1 ON ITS P>T1 ANN\NC$ 0! MORN+ ( ,AUGU/ #a AS ! EXTREME LIMIT ( ! PEOPLE'S PATI5CE10 & ?AT ( ,MAUCONSEIL DECL>$ ?AT 0IT W\LD WAIT PEACEABLY & KEEP+ WAT* UNTIL ELEV5 O'CLOCK ON ! EV5+ ( ! FOLL[+ ,?URSDAY 7,AUGU/ #i7 9 EXPECTATION ( ! DECISION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY2 BUT ?AT1 IF JU/ICE & RI<T WAS NOT DONE TO ! PEOPLE BY ! LEGISLATIVE BODY1 ONE H\R AFT]1 AT MID-NI<T1 !4 FIRE-DRUM W\LD BE BEAT51 & EV]Y ONE W\LD RISE40.<#a.> 

,F9ALLY1 ON ,AUGU/ #g1 ! SAME SECTION REQUE/$ ALL ! O!RS TO APPO9T 9 EA* ( !M 0SIX COMMISSION]S1 LESS ORATORS ?AN GOOD CITIZ5S1 :O BY !IR MEET+ TOGE!R W\LD =M A C5TRAL PO9T AT ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE10 :I* WAS DONE ON ! #i?4.<#b.> ,:5 TW5TY-EI<T OR ?IRTY \T ( ! =TY-SIX SECTIONS HAD JO9$ ! MOVEM5T1 !IR COMMISSION]S MET AT ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE1 9 A HALL ADJO9+ ! ONE :]E ! ,MUNICIPAL ,C\NCIL MET REGUL>LY -- IT WAS SMALL 9 NUMB]S ?AT NI<T & !Y TOOK ACTION 9 A REVOLUTION>Y MANN]1 AS A NEW ,COMMUNE4 ,!Y PROVISIONALLY SUSP5D$ ! ,MUNICIPAL ,C\NCIL1 %UT UP 9 A HALL ! MAYOR1 ,PTION1 DISMISS$ ! /AFF ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>DS' BATTALIONS1 & TOOK OV] ALL ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,COMMUNE1 AS WELL AS ( ! G5]AL DIRECTION ( ! 9SURRECTION4.<#c.> 

,?US ! NEW AU?ORITY1 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNE1 WAS CON/ITUT$1 & 9/ALL$ 9 ! ,HOTEL DE ,VILLE4 

,! ,TUIL]IES ,PALACE WAS TAK51 ! ,K+ DE?RON$1 & IMM$IATELY ! NEW ,COMMUNE MADE IT FELT ?AT ,AUGU/ #a WAS NOT ! CULM9ATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION 9AUGURAT$ ON ,JULY #a#d1 #a#g#h#i1 BUT ! BEG9N+ ( A NEW POPUL> REVOLUTION1 M>*+ 9 ! S5SE ( ,EQUALITY4 ,H5CE=? IT DAT$ ITS DOCUM5TS FROM 0! ,YE> ,I,V4 ( ,LIB]TY & ! ,YE> ,I4 ( ,EQUALITY40 ,A :OLE MASS ( NEW DUTIES BEGAN TO DEVOLVE UPON ! NEW ,COMMUNE4 

,DUR+ ! LA/ TW5TY DAYS ( ,AUGU/1 :ILE ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY WAS HESITAT+"9 BETWE5 ! V>I\S CURR5TS1 ROYALI/1 CON/ITUTIONALI/1 & REPUBLICAN1 :I* DREW ITS MEMB]S HI!R & ?I!R1 & WAS PROV+ ITSELF ABSOLUTELY 9CAPABLE ( RIS+ TO ! HEI<T ( EV5TS1 ! SECTIONS ( ,P>IS & ! ,COMMUNE BECAME ! TRUE HE>T ( ! ,FR5* NATION = ! AWAK5+ ( ,REPUBLICAN ,FRANCE1 = FL++ H] AGA9/ ! COALITION ( K+S1 & = ORGANIZ+ 9 COOP]ATION ) ! O!R ,COMMUNES ! GREAT MOVEM5T ( ! VOLUNTE]S 9 #a#g#i#b4 ,& :5 ! HESITATIONS ( ! ,ASSEMBLY1 ! HANK]+ ( ! MAJORITY ( ! MEMB]S AFT] ROYALTY1 & !IR HATR$ ( ! 9SURRECTIONAL ,COMMUNE HAD BR\<T ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS TO A PIT* ( MAD FURY 9 ?OSE ,SEPTEMB] DAYS1 IT WAS /ILL ! SECTIONS & ! ,COMMUNE ?AT TRI$ TO APPEASE !M4 ,AS SOON AS ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY DECID$ AT LA/ TO DECL>E1 ON ,SEPTEMB] #d1 AGA9/ ROYALTY & ! V>I\S PRET5D]S TO ! ?RONE ( ,FRANCE1 & AS SOON AS IT SIGNIFI$ ITS DECISION TO ! SECTIONS1 !SE JO9$ TOGE!R AT ONCE1 TO PUT AN 5D TO ! MASSACRES :I* ?REAT5$ TO EXT5D FROM ! PRISONS TO ! /REETS1 & TO GU>ANTEE ! SAFETY ( ALL ! 9HABITANTS4 

,LIKEWISE1 :5 ! ,CONV5TION MET1 & ?\< IT HAD DECRE$ ! ABOLITION ( ROYALTY 9 ,FRANCE ON ! MORN+ ( ,SEPTEMB] #b#a1 0IT DID NOT D>E TO PRON\NCE ! DECISIVE WORD ',REPUBLIC0 & 0SEEM$ TO BE WAIT+ = SOME 5C\RAGEM5T FROM )\T02.<#d.> ?IS 5C\RAGEM5T CAME FROM ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS4 ,!Y ACCLAIM$ ! DECREE 9 ! /REET ) CRIES ( 0,VIVE LA ,REPUBLIQUE60 & ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,QUATRE-,NATIONS SECTION W5T TO ! ,CONV5TION1 TO COMPEL IT TO TAKE A /EP FUR!R1 SAY+ ?AT !Y W\LD BE ONLY TOO HAPPY TO PAY ) !IR BLOOD = ! 0,REPUBLIC0 :I* WAS NOT YET PROCLAIM$1 & :I* WAS ONLY ON ! NEXT DAY (FICIALLY RECOGNIZ$ BY ! ,CONV5TION4 

,! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS ?US BECAME A P[] :I* TOOK UPON ITSELF TO BE ! 9SPIR]1 IF NOT ! RIVAL1 ( ! ,CONV5TION1 & ! ALLY ( ! P>TY CALL$ ! 0,M\NTA940 

,! 0,M\NTA90 HAD1 BESIDES ANO!R P[] ON ITS SIDE :I* HAD BE5 =M$ 9 ! CURR5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION -- ! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB1 9 ,P>IS1 ) ! NUM]\S SOCIETIES 9 ! PROV9CES :I* W]E AFFILIAT$ TO IT4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ?IS DUB HAD NONE ( ! P[] & REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVE ) :I* MOD]N POLITICAL WRIT]S 5D[ IT4 ,! V]Y P]SONS COMPOS+ ! MO!R-SOCIETY 9 ,P>IS W]E *IEFLY WELL-TO-DO MIDDLE-CLASS M54 ,H[ C\LD !Y GUIDE ! ,REVOLUTION8 

,AT EV]Y EPO*1 ,MI*ELET SAYS1 !Y HAD FLATT]$ !MSELVES ) BE+ ! WISEACRES & POLITICAL LI<TS ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 :O HELD ! BALANCE ( IT ALL4 ,!Y DID NOT LEAD ! ,REVOLUTION2 !Y FOLL[$ IT4 ,! TONE ( ! CLUB *ANG$ ) EV]Y FRE% CRISIS4 ,BUT ! CLUB MADE ITSELF IMM$IATELY ! EXPRESSION ( ! T5D5CY :I* HAD COME TO ! FRONT AT A C]TA9 MOM5T AMONG ! $UCAT$1 MOD]ATELY DEMOCRATIC MIDDLE CLASSES2 IT SUPPORT$ ?IS T5D5CY BY CULTIVAT+ OP9ION 9 ,P>IS 9 ! DIRECTIONS DESIR$1 & IT FURNI%$ ! MO/ IMPORTANT (FICIALS UND] EA* NEW REGIME4 ,ROBESPI]RE1 :O1 TO USE ,MI*ELET'S HAPPY PHRASE1 WAS 0! GOLD5 MEAN ( ! ,M\NTA910 WANT$ ! ,JACOB9S 0TO S]VE AS AN 9T]M$I>Y BETWE5 ! ,ASSEMBLY & ! ,/REET1 TO FRI<T5 & REASSURE ! ,CONV5TION ALT]NATELY40 ,BUT HE UND]/OOD ?AT ! 9ITIATIVE %\LD COME FROM ! ,/REET1 FROM ! ,PEOPLE4 

,WE HAVE ALREADY SAID ?AT ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,JACOB9S ON ! EV5TS ( ,AUGU/ #a WAS NIL1 & IT SO REMA9$ UNTIL ,SEPTEMB] #a#g#i#b1 ! CLUB BE+ NE>LY DES]T$ AT ?AT TIME4 ,BUT BY DEGREES1 9 ! C\RSE ( ! AUTUMN1 ! MO!R-SOCIETY ( ,P>IS WAS RE9=C$ BY MANY ,CORDELI]S1 & !N ! CLUB REVIV$ & BECAME ! RALLY+-PO9T = ! :OLE ( ! MOD]ATE P>TY AMONG ! REPUBLICAN DEMOCRATS4 ,M>AT BECAME V]Y POPUL> !RE1 BUT NOT SO 0! EXTREMI/S 0 -- :I* 9 MOD]N P>LANCE W\LD MEAN 0! ,COMMUNI/S40 ,!SE ! CLUB OPPOS$ &1 LAT] ON1 F\<T AGA9/ !M4 

,:51 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#g#i#c1 ! /RUGGLE 5T]$ ON BY ! ,GIROND9S AGA9/ ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS REA*$ ITS CRITICAL PO9T1 ! ,JACOB9S SUPPORT$ ! ,COMMUNE & ! ,M\NTA91 9 ! ,CONV5TION1 & HELP$ !M TO GA9 ! VICTORY OV] ! ,GIROND9S1 & TO CONSOLIDATE IT4 ,BY !IR CORRESPOND5CE ) ! AFFILIAT$ CLUBS 9 ! PROV9CES1 ! ,JACOB9S SUPPORT$ ! ADVANC$ REVOLUTIONI/S !RE1 & HELP$ !M TO *ECKMATE ! 9FLU5CE NOT ONLY ( ! ,GIROND9S1 BUT ALSO ( ! ROYALI/S CONCEAL$ BEH9D !M4 ,?IS LEFT ! ,JACOB9S FREE TO TURN LAT] ON AGA9/ ! POPUL> REVOLUTIONI/S ( ! ,COMMUNE1 & SO MAKE WAY = MIDDLE-CLASS REACTION TO ACCOMPLI% ! C\P D'ETAT ( ! #i? ,!RMIDOR4 

.<#a.> ,MORTIM] ,T]NAUX1 ,LA ,T]REUR1 VOL4 II4 ,PP4 #a#g#h1 #b#a#f1 #c#i#c2 ,BU*EZ & ,R\X1 VOL4 XVI1 ,P4 #b#d#g2 ,]NE/ ,MELLIE1 ,LES ,SECTIONS DE ,P>IS1 P4 #add ET SEQ4 

.<#b.> ,A 0CORRESPOND+ COMMITTEE0 HAD ALREADY BE5 E/ABLI%$ = COMMUNICAT+ ) ! DIFF]5T SECTIONS1 & A MEET+ ( ! COMMISSION]S ( SEV]AL SECTIONS HAD TAK5 PLACE ON ,JULY #b#c4 

.<#c.> ,]NE/ ,MELLI HAS F\ND ! M9UTE-BOOK ( ! ,POISSONNI>E SECTION4 ,IT MET ON ,AUGU/ #i1 AT EI<T O'CLOCK 9 ! EV5+1 9 P]MAN5T COMMITTEE 9 ! *UR* ( ,SA9T-,LAZ>E2 !RE IT DISMISS$ ALL ! (FIC]S ( ! ,SA9T-,LAZ>E BATTALION1 NOT APPO9T$ BY ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>DS !MSELVES1 & APPO9T$ 0ON ! SPOT O!R (FIC]S UND] :OSE ORD]S ! SECTION 9T5D$ TO M>*10 ,IT 5T]$ 9TO AGREEM5T ) ! O!R SECTIONS AS TO ! ORD] ( M>*+1 & AT F\R O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+1 HAV+ APPO9T$ ITS P]MAN5T COMMITTEE TO KEEP WAT* OV] ! PREP>ATIONS = >M+ & TO GIVE ! ORD]S = SECURITY ?AT !Y %\LD JUDGE TO BE NECESS>Y10 ! SECTION JO9$ ! BRE?R5 ( ! ,SA9T-,ANTO9E FAUB\RG10 & BEGAN TO M>* UPON ! ,TUIL]IES4 ,BY MEANS ( ?IS M9UTE WE GET A LIVELY IMPRESSION ( ! WAY 9 :I* ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS ACT$ ON ?AT MEMORABLE NI<T4 

.<#d.> ,AUL>D1 ,HI/OIRE POLITIQUE DE LA ,REVOLUTION1 #bND $ITION1 P4 #bgb ET SEQ4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,*APT] #cf -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#h1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #cf -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/