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,! ,GOV]NM5T--,CONFLICTS ) ! ,CONV5TIONS--,! ,W> 

#aiiaii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,ELLA1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,NEW ,M9I/]IAL ,C\NCIL -- ,DANTON1 AT FIR/ ITS LEAD]1 LAT] =C$ TO RESIGN -- ,ROL& SUCCE$S HIM -- ,C\NCIL 9ACTIVE -- ,REAL P[] 9 H&S ( ,DANTON ,COMMUNE1 ,SECTIONS & ,JACOB9S -- ,C\NCIL ATTACKS ,DANTON1 ,M>AT1 & ,ROBESPI]RE -- ,CONFLICT BETWE5 CONV5TION & ,COMMUNE -- ,PROV9CES BECOME HO/ILE TO ,COMMUNE & PEOPLE ( ,P>IS -- ,GIROND9S ATTACK ,P>IS SECTIONS -- ,REVOLUTION & W> -- ,GIROND9S DESIRE W> ,PEASANTS ( FRONTI] 5?USIA/IC -- ,WE/]N ,FRANCE NOT EAG] -- ,C\NTRY UNPREP>$ -- ,PLAN ( ,DUM\RIEZ & ,LAFAYETTE -- ,G]MANS ADVANCE -- ,BATTLE ( ,VALMY -- ,DANTON NEGOTIATES ) ,DUKE ,( ,BRUNSWICK -- ,FUR!R REPUBLICAN SUCCESSES -- ,BATTLE ( ,JEMMAPES -- ,5GL& -- ,CONSEQU5CES ( W> -- ,! ,V5DEE 

,! FIR/ C>E ( ! ,CONV5TION WAS NOT TO DECIDE :AT %\LD BE DONE ) ! DE?RON$ ,K+1 BUT TO DET]M9E :I* P>TY %\LD PR(IT BY ! PEOPLE'S VICTORY OV] ! ,TUIL]IES- :O %\LD RULE ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,:]EUPON !RE BROKE \T ?OSE CONFLICTS :I* = EI<T MON?S H9D]$ ! REGUL> DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION &1 UNTIL ,JUNE #a#g#i#c1 HELD 9 SUSP5SE ! GREAT QUE/IONS1 SU* AS ?AT ( ! L&1 ! FEUDAL DUES1 & SO ON1 & L$ TO ! EXHAU/ION ( ! PEOPLE'S 5]GY1 TO 9DIFF]5CE1 TO ?AT LASSITUDE :I* MADE ! HE>TS ( ?OSE :O WITNESS$ IT TO BLE$1 AS ,MI*ELET HAS SO WELL EXPRESS$ IT4 

,ON ,AUGU/ #a1 AFT] PRON\NC+ ! 0SUSP5SION0 ( ! ,K+1 ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY HAD H&$ OV] ALL ! FUNCTIONS ( C5TRAL EXECUTIVE P[] TO A C\NCIL COMPOS$ ( SIX M9I/]S-*OS5 FROM )\T ! ,ASSEMBLY1 ! MAJORITY BE+ ,GIROND9S-,ROL&1 ,S]VAN1 ,CLAVI]E1 ,MONGE1 & ,LE ,BRUN-) ! ADDITION ( ,DANTON1 :OM ! ,REVOLUTION HAD PLAC$ 9 ! POSITION ( ,M9I/] ( JU/ICE4 ,?IS C\NCIL HAD NO PRESID5T2 EA* M9I/] PRESID+ = A WEEK 9 TURN4 

,! ,CONV5TION CONFIRM$ ?IS >RANGEM5T2 BUT ,DANTON1 :O HAD BECOME ! S\L ( ! NATIONAL DEF5SE & DIPLOMACY1 & :O EX]CIS$ A PREPOND]AT+ 9FLU5CE ON ! C\NCIL1 WAS =C$ TO RESIGN BY ! ATTACKS ( ! ,GIROND9S4 ,HE QUITT$ ! ,M9I/RY ON ,OCTOB] #i1 #a#g#i#b1 & HIS PLACE WAS FILL$ BY ! 9SIGNIFICANT ,G>AT4 ,AFT] ?IS1 ,ROL&1 ! ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR1 BECAME ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL MAN ( ! ,M9I/]IAL ,C\NCIL1 & KEPT HIS PO/ UNTIL ,JANU>Y #a#g#i#c1 :5 HE RESIGN$ AFT] ! EXECUTION ( ! ,K+4 ,9 ?IS POSITION HE EX]CIS$ ALL HIS 9FLU5CE1 & P]MITT$ ! ,GIROND9S GR\P$ R\ND HIM & HIS WIFE TO EMPLOY ALL !IR 5]GY TO PREV5T ! ,REVOLUTION FROM DEVELOP+ ALONG ! BROAD L9ES :I* HAD BE5 M>K$ \T = IT S9CE #a#g#h#i3 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A DEMOCRACY1 ! DEF9ITE ABOLITION ( ! FEUDAL SY/EM1 & SOME /EPS T[>DS AN EQUALIZATION ( CONDITIONS4 ,DANTON1 H[EV]1 WAS /ILL ! 9SPIR] ( DIPLOMACY1 & :5 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY WAS 9/ITUT$1 9 ,APRIL #a#g#i#c1 HE BECAME ! REAL ,M9I/] ( ,=EIGN ,AFFAIRS ON ?IS COMMITTEE4#a 

,AL?\< 9 P[] & DOM9AT+ ! ,CONV5TION1 ! ,GIRONDE DID NOT KN[ ACTUALLY :AT TO DO4 ,AS ,MI*ELET TRULY SAYS1 0IT P]ORAT$10 BUT IT DID NO?+4 ,NOT HAV+ C\RAGE = REVOLUTION>Y MEASURES1 NEI!R HAD IT 5\< = OP5 REACTION4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! REAL AU?ORITY1 BO? = 9ITIATIVE & = ACTION1 RE/$ 9 ,DANTON'S H&S 9 ! W> & DIPLOMACY1 & 9 ! H&S ( ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS1 ! SECTIONS1 ! POPUL> SOCIETIES1 & P>TLY ) ! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB ) REG>D TO REVOLUTION>Y MEASURES 9 ! 9T]IOR4 ,P[]LESS TO ACT ITSELF1 ! ,GIRONDE DIRECT$ FURI\S ATTACKS UPON ?OSE :O DID ACT1 *IEFLY AGA9/ 0! TRIUMVIRATE0 ( ,DANTON1 ,M>AT1 & ,ROBESPI]RE1 :OM !Y VIOL5TLY ACCUS$ ( DICTATORIAL T5D5CIES4 ,!RE W]E TIMES :5 IT WAS ASK$ :E!R !SE ATTACKS %\LD COME TO A HEAD-:E!R ,DANTON WAS TO BE O/RACIZ$ & ,M>AT S5T TO ! GUILLOT9E4 

,H[EV]1 AS ! ,REVOLUTION HAD NOT YET EXHAU/$ ITS VITALITY1 ALL !SE ATTACKS FAIL$4 ,!Y ONLY MADE ! PEOPLE MORE >D5TLY 9 FAVOR ( ,M>AT1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! FAUB\RGS ( ,SA9T-,ANTO9E & ,SA9T-,M>CEAU2 !Y AUGM5T$ ! 9FLU5CE ( ,ROBESPI]RE 9 ! EYES ( ! ,JACOB9S & ( ! DEMOCRATIC MIDDLE CLASS1 & !Y RAIS$ ,DANTON /ILL HI<] 9 ! EYES ( ALL ?OSE :O LOV$ TO SEE ,REPUBLICAN ,FRANCE DEFY+ ! ,K+S4 ,TO !M ,DANTON WAS ! MAN ( ACTION CAPABLE ( HEAD+ (F ! 9VASION1 ( FRU/RAT+ ! ROYALI/ PLOTS AT HOME1 & ( E/ABLI%+ ! ,REPUBLIC SECURELY1 EV5 AT ! RISK ( HIS LIFE & HIS POLITICAL REPUTATION4 

,EV] S9CE ! FIR/ SITT+S ( ! ,CONV5TION1 ITS ,RI<T1 =M$ BY ! ,GIROND9S1 HAD R5EW$ ! %AMEFUL CONFLICT ) ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS1 :I* !Y HAD BE5 LEAD+ 9 ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY S9CE ,AUGU/ #a#a4 ,!Y [$ !IR P[] TO ! 9SURRECTION1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,COMMUNE1 & YET !Y ATTACK$ IT ) A HATR$ :I* !Y HAD NEV] DISPLAY$ = ! ,C\RT CONSPIRATORS4 

,IT W\LD BE WE>ISOME TO N>RATE H]E 9 FULL ALL !SE ATTACKS ( ! ,GIRONDE UPON ! ,COMMUNE4 ,IT WILL BE 5\< TO M5TION SOME ( !M4 

,! FIR/ WAS OV] ! AUDIT+ ( ! ACC\NTS2 IT WAS AIM$ AT ! ,COMMUNE & ITS ,WAT* ,COMMITTEE1 AS WELL AT ,DANTON4 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT DUR+ ?OSE DI/URB$ MON?S ( ,AUGU/ & ,SEPTEMB] #a#g#i#b1 UND] ! EXTRAORD9>Y CIRCUM/ANCES CREAT$ BY ! MOVEM5T ( ,AUGU/ #a & ! =EIGN 9VASION1 MONEY HAD TO BE EXP5D$ BY ,DANTON1 ! ONLY ACTIVE MAN 9 ! ,M9I/RY1 )\T TOO MU* EXACTITUDE ( ACC\NTS1 :E!R = ! DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS :I* L$ TO ! RETREAT ( ! ,PRUSSIANS1 OR = GETT+ HOLD ( ! ?READS ( ! PLOT ( ! ,M>QUIS DE LA ,R\]IE 9 ,BRITTANY1 & ?AT ( ! PR9CES 9 ,5GL& & ELSE:]E4 ,IT IS ALSO V]Y PLA9 ?AT IT WAS NOT EASY = ! ,WAT* ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNE1 :I* EQUIPP$ & S5T (F EV]Y DAY1 9 HA/E1 SEV]AL ?\S& VOLUNTE]S = ! FRONTI]1 TO KEEP V]Y EXACT ACC\NTS4 ,BUT IT WAS JU/ UPON ?IS WEAK PO9T ?AT ! ,GIROND9S DIRECT$ !IR FIR/ ATTACK & !IR 9S9UATIONS1 DEM&+ ?AT A COMPLETE ACC\NT FROM ,SEPTEMB] #c %\LD BE R5D]$4 ,! ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,COMMUNE1 ?AT IS1 ITS ,WAT* ,COMMITTEE1 S5T 9 AN EXTREMELY CLE> /ATEM5T ( ITS ACC\NTS1#b & JU/IFI$ ITS POLITICAL ACTION4 

,BUT 9 ! PROV9CES1 D\BTS AS TO !IR HONE/Y REMA9$ HANG+ OV] ,DANTON & ! ,COMMUNE2 & ! ,GIROND9S 9 !IR LETT]S TO !IR FRI5DS & AG5TS MADE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE \T ( !SE D\BTS4 

,AT ! SAME TIME ! ,GIROND9S TRI$ TO GIVE ! ,CONV5TION AN ANTI-REVO,IUTION>Y GU>D4 ,!Y WANT$ ! ,DIRECTORY ( EA* DEP>TM5T-! ,DIRECTORIES W]E1 AS WE KN[1 REACTION>Y-TO S5D TO ,P>IS F\R FOOT-SOLDI]S & TWO M\NT$ M51 MAK+ 9 ALL #ddg M51 TO GU>D ! ,CONV5TION AGA9/ ! POSSIBLE ATTACKS ( ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS & ! ,COMMUNE6 ,& A P[]FUL AGITATION WAS NECESS>Y AMONG ! SECTIONS1 :I* APPO9T$ SPECIAL COMMISSION]S TO RESI/ ! PASS+ ( ?IS VOTE1 & TO PREV5T ! =MATION 9 ,P>IS ( A REACTION>Y GU>D4 

,BUT IT WAS *IEFLY ! ,SEPTEMB] MASSACRES ?AT ! ,GIROND9S NEV] CEAS$ EXPLOIT+ 9 ORD] TO ATTACK ,DANTON1 :O 9 ?OSE DAYS ACT$ H& 9 H& ) ! ,COMMUNE & ! SECTIONS4 ,AFT] 0DRAW+ ! VEIL10 & ALMO/ JU/IFY+ ?OSE DAYS BY ! M\? ( ,ROL&#c AS !Y HAD JU/IFI$ PREVI\SLY ! MASSACRES ( ,LA ,GLACI]E AT ,LYONS BY ! M\? ( ,B>B>\X1#d !Y N[ MANOEUVR$ SO WELL 9 ! ,CONV5TION ?AT ON ,JANU>Y #b1 #a#g#i#c1 !Y OBTA9$ FROM IT AN ORD] ( PROSECUTION AGA9/ ! AU?ORS ( ! ,SEPTEMB] MASSACRES1 9 ! HOPE ?AT ! REPUTATION ( ,DANTON1 ,ROBESPI]RE1 & ,M>AT W\LD BE BLACK5$ BY ?IS 9QUIRY4 

,BY DEGREES1 TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! CON/ITUTIONALI/ & ROYALI/ CURR5T1 :I* ASS]T$ ITSELF AMONG ! MIDDLE CLASSES AFT] ,AUGU/ #a1 ! ,GIROND9S SUCCE$$ 9 CREAT+ 9 ! PROV9CES A FEEL+ ( HO/ILITY T[>DS ,P>IS & ITS ,COMMUNE AS WELL AS T[>DS ! P>TY ( ! 0,M\NTA940 

,SEV]AL DEP>TM5TS EV5 S5T DETA*M5TS ( F$]ATES TO DEF5D ! ,CONV5TION AGA9/ 0! AGITATORS :O WANT$ TO BECOME TRIBUNES & DICTATORS0-,DANTON1 ,M>AT1 & ,ROBESPI]RE-& AGA9/ ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS4 ,AT ! APPEAL ( ,B>B>\X1 ,M>SEILLES-?IS TIME 0COMM]CIALI/0 ,M>SEILLES -S5T UP TO ,P>IS1 9 ,OCTOB] #a#g#i#b1 A BATTALION ( F$]ATES COMPOS$ ( RI* Y\NG M5 FROM ! M]*ANT CITY1 :O M>*$ ?R\< ! /REETS ( ,P>IS1 DEM&+ ! HEADS ( ,ROBESPI]RE & ,M>AT4 ,!Y W]E ! PRECURSORS ( ! ,!RMIDOR REACTION2 BUT1 =TUNATELY1 ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS DEFEAT$ ! PLOT BY W9N+ OV] !SE F$]ATES TO ! CAUSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,MEAN:ILE ! ,GIROND9S DID NOT FAIL TO MAKE A DIRECT ATTACK ON ! F$]AL ORGANIZATION ( ! ,P>IS SECTIONS4 ,!Y WANT$ AT ANY CO/ TO DE/ROY ! 9SURRECTIONAL ,COMMUNE ( ,AUGU/ #a1 & !Y SUCCE$$ 9 GETT+ NEW ELECTIONS = ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,P>IS MUNICIPALITY4 ,PETION1 ! ,GIRONDI/ MAYOR1 RESIGN$ AT ! SAME TIME4 ,H]E AGA91 H[EV]1 ! SECTIONS FRU/RAT$ !SE MANOEUVRES4 ,NOT ONLY HAD ! P>TY ( ! ,M\NTA9 ! MAJORITY 9 ! ELECTIONS1 BUT A REVOLUTION>Y AS ADVANC$ & AS POPUL> AS ,*AUMETTE WAS APPO9T$ PROCURATOR ( ! ,COMMUNE1 & ! $ITOR ( ! ,P]E ,DU*ESNE1 ,HEB]T1 BECAME HIS DEPUTY 7,DECEMB] #b1 #a#g#i#b74 ,PETION1 :O WAS NO LONG] 9 SYMPA?Y ) ! REVOLUTION>Y S5TIM5TS ( ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS1 WAS NOT REELECT$1 & ,*AMBON1 A MOD]ATE1 TOOK HIS PLACE2 BUT HE REMA9$ !RE ONLY TWO MON?S1 & ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#d1 #a#g#i#c1 HE WAS REPLAC$ BY ,PA*E1 =M]LY ,M9I/] ( ,W>4 

,?IS WAS H[ ! REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNE ( #agic WAS CON/ITUT$-! ,COMMUNE ( ,PA*E1 ,*AUMETTE1 & ,HEB]T1 :I* WAS ! RIVAL ( ! ,CONV5TION & PLAY$ SO P[]FUL A P>T 9 ! MOVEM5T ( ,MAY #c#a-,JUNE #b1 #a#g#i#c1 :I* 5D$ 9 ! EXPULSION ( ! ,GIROND9 LEAD]S FROM ! ,CONV5TION1 & PU%$ =W>D ) >DOR ! POPUL> REVOLUTION ( ! ,YE> ,I,I4 ( ! ,REPUBLIC :I* /OOD UP = ,EQUALITY &1 F9ALLY1 = ,COMMUNISM4 

,! GREAT QUE/ION ( ! MOM5T WAS ! W>4 ,ON ! SUCCESSES ( ! >MIES DEP5D$ ! FUTURE DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ! ADVANC$ REVOLUTION>IES1 LIKE ,M>AT & ,ROBESPI]RE1 HAD NOT WANT$ ! W>4 ,BUT ! ,C\RT CALL$ 9 ! ,G]MAN 9VAD]S TO SAVE ROYAL DESPOTISM3 ! PRIE/S & NOBLES FURI\SLY WANT$ ! W>1 HOP+ TO REGA9 ?R\< IT !IR ANCI5T PRIVILEGES2 & ! NEI<BOR+ GOV]NM5TS SAW 9 A W> UPON ,FRANCE ! MEANS ( COMBAT+ ! SPIRIT ( REVOLUTION :I* WAS BEG9N+ TO %[ ITSELF 9 !IR [N DOM9IONS1 AS WELL AS A GOOD OPPORTUNITY = WRE/+ FROM ,FRANCE SOME PROV9CES & COLONIES4 ,! ,GIROND9S1 ON ! O!R H&1 DESIR$ ! W>1 BECAUSE !Y SAW 9 IT ! ONLY WAY TO SUCCE$ 9 LIMIT+ ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,K+ )\T APPEAL+ TO A POPUL> RIS+4 0,IT IS BECAUSE Y\ DO NOT WI% TO APPEAL TO ! PEOPLE ?AT Y\ WI% = W>10 SAID ,M>AT1 & HE WAS RI<T4 

,AS TO ! PEOPLE1 ! PEASANTS ( ! FRONTI] DEP>TM5TS1 :5 !Y SAW ! ,G]MAN >MIES HEAD$ BY ! EMIGRANT NOBLES MASS+ !MSELVES ON ! ,RH9E & 9 ! ,L[ ,C\NTRIES1 !Y UND]/OOD ?AT IT WAS A QUE/ION = !M ( TAK+ UP >MS TO DEF5D !IR RI<TS OV] ! L&S !Y HAD RETAK5 FROM ! NOBLES & CL]GY4 ,!RE=E1 :5 ! W> ) ,AU/RIA WAS DECL>$ ON ,APRIL #b1 #a#g#i#b1 AN A/\ND+ 5?USIASM WAS DISPLAY$ BY ! 9HABITANTS ( ! DEP>TM5TS CLOSE TO ! ,EA/]N FRONTI]4 ,! LEVIES = ! VOLUNTE]S1 = ONE YE>1 W]E MADE ) 5?USIASM1 TO ! S++ ( ,CA IRA6 & ! PATRIOTIC GIFTS FL[$ 9 FROM ALL SIDES4 ,BUT ?IS WAS NOT ! CASE 9 ! REGIONS ( WE/]N & S\?-WE/]N ,FRANCE3 !RE ! PEOPLE DID NOT WANT ! W> AT ALL4 

,NO?+1 MOREOV]1 WAS READY = ! W>4 ,! =CES ( ,FRANCE1 NOT NUMB]+ MORE ?AN #a#c1 M51 SPREAD \T FROM ! ,NOR? ,SEA TO ,SWITZ]L&1 BADLY EQUIPP$ & COMM&$ BY ROYALI/ (FIC]S & /AFFS1 W]E NOT 9 A CONDITION TO RESI/ AN 9VASION4 

,DUM\RIEZ & ,LAFAYETTE AT FIR/ CONCEIV$ ! BOLD PLAN ( RAPIDLY 9VAD+ ,BELGIUM1 :I* HAD ALREADY 9 #agi TRI$ TO DETA* H]SELF FROM ,AU/RIA1 BUT HAD BE5 VANQUI%$4 ,! ,BELGIAN ,LIB]ALS HAD APPEAL$ TO ! ,FR5*1 BUT ! ATTEMPT FAIL$1 & !NCE=? ! ,FR5* G5]ALS KEPT ON ! DEF5SIVE1 ! MORE SO BECAUSE ,PRUSSIA HAD JO9$ ) ,AU/RIA & ! ,G]MAN PR9CES TO 9VADE ,FRANCE1 & MOREOV]1 ?IS COALITION WAS /RONGLY & OP5LY SUPPORT$ BY ! ,C\RT ( ,TUR91 & SECRETLY BY ! ,C\RTS ( ,/4 ,PET]SBURG & ,LONDON4 

,ON ,JULY #b#f1 #a#g#i#b1 ! ,DUKE ( ,BRUNSWICK1 :O COMM&$ ONE ( ! 9VAD+ >MIES1 COMPOS$ ( #g1 ,PRUSSIANS & #f#h1 ,AU/RIANS1 ,HESSIANS & EMIGRES1 BEGAN TO M>* UPON ,COBL5TZ1 PUBLI%+ AS HE W5T A MANIFE/O :I* R\S$ ! 9DIGNATION ( ALL ,FRANCE4 ,HE ?REAT5$ TO SET FIRE TO ! T[NS ?AT D>$ TO DEF5D !MSELVES1 & TO EXT]M9ATE !IR 9HABITANTS AS REBELS4 ,IF ,P>IS D>$ TO BREAK 9TO ! PALACE ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I1 ! CITY W\LD BE SUBJECT$ TO AN EXEMPL>Y DRAGOON+ ?AT W\LD NEV] BE =GOTT54 

,?REE ,G]MAN >MIES W]E TO 5T] ,FRANCE & M>* UPON ,P>IS1 & ON ,APRIL #a#i1 ! ,PRUSSIAN >MY CROSS$ ! FRONTI] & TOOK ,LONGWY & ,V]DUN )\T A /RUGGLE4 

,WE HAVE SE5 ! 5?USIASM ?AT ! ,COMMUNE SUCCE$$ 9 R\S+ 9 ,P>IS :5 ?IS NEWS >RIV$1 & H[ IT REPLI$ BY CAUS+ ! LEAD5 C(F9S ( ! RI* TO BE MELT$ D[N = BALLS1 & ! BELLS1 AS WELL AS ! O!R *UR* FURNITURE 9 BRONZE1 TO BE TURN$ 9TO CANNON1 :IL/ ! *UR*ES W]E US$ AS VA/ WORK%$S1 :]E ?\S&S ( PEOPLE WORK$ MAK+ ! VOLUNTE]S' \TFITS1 S++1 AS !Y SEW$1 ! ,CA IRA & ! ,M>SEILLAISE1 ! /IRR+ HYMN ( ,R\GET DE L',ISLE4 

,! EMIGRES HAD MADE ! ALLI$ K+S BELIEVE ?AT !Y W\LD F9D ,FRANCE READY TO RECEIVE !M ) OP5 >MS4 ,BUT ! OP5LY HO/ILE ATTITUDE ( ! PEASANTS & ! ,SEPTEMB] DAYS 9 ,P>IS MADE ! 9VAD]S PAUSE4 ,! 9HABITANTS ( ! T[NS & ! PEASANTS ( ! ,EA/]N DEP>TM5TS UND]/OOD V]Y WELL ?AT ! 5EMY HAD COME TO TAKE AWAY ! FRUITS ( ALL !IR CONQUE/S1 & IT HAD BE5 *IEFLY 9 ! REGIONS TO ! ,EA/ ?AT ! RIS+S ( ! T[N & C\NTRY P>TS1 9 #a<i & #a#g#i1 HAD BE/ SUCCE$$ 9 DE/ROY+ FEUDALISM4 

,BUT 5?USIASM WAS NOT SUFFICI5T TO CONQU]4 ,! ,PRUSSIAN >MY WAS ADVANC+1 & N[ ) ! ,AU/RIAN >MY1 IT HAD ALREADY 5T]$ ! =E/ ( ! ,>GONNE1 :I* EXT5D$ OV] A L5G? ( ELEV5 LEAGUES1 SEP>AT+ ! VALLEY ( ! ,MEUSE FROM ! B>R5 ,*AMPAGNE4 ,DUM\RIEZ' >MY TRI$ VA9LY BY =C$ M>*ES TO /OP ! 9VASION4 ,IT SUCCE$$ ONLY 9 OCCUPY+ JU/ 9 TIME AN ADVANTAGE\S POSITION AT ,VALMY1 AT ! EXIT FROM ! GREAT =E/1 & H]E ! ,PRUSSIANS1 ON ,SEPTEMB] #b1 MET ) !IR FIR/ *ECK1 :ILE TRY+ TO GA9 POSSESSION ( ! HILLS OCCUPI$ BY ! SOLDI]S ( ,DUM\RIEZ4 ,UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 ! BATTLE ( ,VALMY WAS AN IMPORTANT VICTORY-! FIR/ VICTORY ( ! PEOPLES OV] ! K+S-& AS SU* IT WAS HAIL$ BY ,GOE! :O ACCOMPANI$ ! >MY ( ! ,DUKE ( ,BRUNSWICK4 

,! ,PRUSSIAN >MY WAS COMPELL$ TO MAKE A HALT UND] TORR5TIAL RA9S 9 ! =E/ ( ! ,>GONNE1 & AS EV]Y?+ WAS LACK+ 9 ! >ID PLA9S /RET*+ 9 FRONT1 IT BECAME A PREY TO DYS5T]Y1 :I* MADE FRI<TFUL RAVAGES AMONG ! M54 ,! ROADS W]E LIQUID MUD1 ! PEASANTS ON ! WAT*-EV]Y?+ =EBOD$ A DISA/R\S CAMPAIGN4 

,IT WAS !N ?AT ,DANTON NEGOTIAT$ ) ! ,DUKE ( ,BRUNSWICK = ! RETREAT ( ! ,PRUSSIANS4 ,:AT ! CONDITIONS W]E IS NOT KN[N TO ?IS DAY4 ,DID ,DANTON PROMISE HIM1 AS IT HAS BE5 LAT] MA9TA9$1 TO SAVE ! LIFE ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I8 ,IT IS POSSIBLE4 ,BUT IF ?IS PROMISE WAS MADE1 IT MU/ HAVE BE5 CONDITIONAL1 & WE DO NOT KN[ :AT 5GAGEM5TS W]E UND]TAK5 9 RETURN BY ! 9VAD]S1 BEYOND ! IMM$IATE RETREAT ( ! ,PRUSSIANS4 ,WAS ! SIMULTANE\S RETREAT ( ! ,AU/RIANS PROMIS$8 ,WAS A =MAL R5UNCIATION ( ! ?RONE BY ,L\IS ,X,V,I SPOK5 (8 ,WE >E ONLY ABLE TO MAKE CONJECTURES4 

,ALL WE REALLY KN[ IS ?AT1 ON ,OCTOB] #a1 ! ,DUKE ( ,BRUNSWICK BEGAN HIS RETREAT BY ,GR&-,PRE & ,V]DUN4 ,T[>DS ! 5D ( ! MON? HE RECROSS$ ! ,RH9E AT ,COBL5TZ1 ACCOMPANI$ BY ! CURSES ( ! EMIGRES4 

,DUM\RIEZ !REUPON1 AFT] GIV+ ,WE/]MANN ORD]S TO 0ESCORT ! ,PRUSSIANS BACK POLITELY10 )\T HURRY+ !M TOO MU*1 W5T TO ,P>IS1 ON ,OCTOB] #a#a1 EVID5TLY TO SEE H[ ! P>TIES W]E DIVID$ & TO DET]M9E HIS [N L9E ( CONDUCT4 ,HE SO >RANG$ IT ?AT1 AL?\< HE DID NOT TAKE ! OA? TO ! ,REPUBLIC1 HE WAS NEV]!LESS V]Y WELL RECEIV$ BY ! ,JACOB9S1 & FROM ?AT TIME HE UND\BT$LY BEGAN TO PRESS KE5LY ! C&IDATURE ( ! ,DUKE DE ,*>TRES = ! ?RONE ( ,FRANCE4 

,! 9SURRECTION1 :I* HAD BE5 >RANG$ 9 ,BRITTANY BY ! ,M>QUIS DE LA ,R\]IE TO BREAK \T AT ! TIME :5 ! ,G]MANS W\LD BE M>*+ ON ,P>IS1 ALSO CAME TO NO?+4 ,9=MATION AB\T IT WAS GIV5 TO ,DANTON1 :O WAS ABLE TO GRASP ! ?READS ( IT1 9 ,BRITTANY AS WELL AS 9 ,LONDON4 ,BUT ,LONDON REMA9$ ! C5T] ( ! CONSPIRACIES ( ! PR9CES1 & ! ISL& ( ,J]SEY WAS MADE ! C5T] = ROYALI/ /ORES ( >MS4 ,! 9T5TION WAS TO L& A SMALL >MY SOME:]E ON ! COA/ ( ,BRITTANY1 TO SEIZE ,SA9T-,MALO ) ! AID ( ! LOCAL ROYALI/S1 & TO H& OV] ?IS PORT ( GREAT MILIT>Y & COMM]CIAL IMPORTANCE TO ! ,5GLI%4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ,FR5* >MY ( ! ,S\?1 COMM& BY ,MONTESQUI\1 5T]$ ,SAVOY ! V]Y DAY ! ,CONV5TION OP5$4 ,IT TOOK ,*AMB]Y F\R DAYS LAT] & 9TRODUC$ 9TO ,SAVOY ! PEASANT REVOLUTION AGA9/ FEUDAL L&LORDS4 

,AT ! 5D ( ! SAME MON? ( ,SEPTEMB]1 ONE ( ! >MIES ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 COMM&$ BY ,LAUZUN & ,CU/9E1 PASS$ ! ,RH9E & TOOK ,SPI]S BY ASSAULT ON ! #c?4 ,WORMS YIELD$ F\R DAYS LAT]1 & ON ,OCTOB] #b#c1 ,MAY5CE & ,FRANK=T-ON-!-,MA9E W]E OCCUPI$ BY ! >MIES ( ! SANSCULOTTES4 

,9 ! ,NOR?1 !RE WAS ANO!R S]IES ( SUCCESSES4 ,T[>DS ! 5D ( ,OCTOB]1 ! >MY UND] ,DUM\RIEZ 5T]$ ,BELGIUM1 & ON ,NOVEMB] #f1 IT GA9$ A GREAT VICTORY OV] ! ,AU/RIANS AT ,JEMMAPES1 9 ! 5VIRONS ( ,MONS-A VICTORY :I* ,DUM\RIEZ HAD >RANG$ 9 SU* A WAY AS TO BR+ GLORY TO ! SON ( ! ,DUKE DE ,*>TRES-& TO SACRIFICE TWO BATTALIONS ( ,P>ISIAN VOLUNTE]S4 

,?IS VICTORY OP5$ UP ,BELGIUM TO ! ,FR5*4 ,MONS WAS OCCUPI$ ON ! #h?1 & ON ! #a#d? ,DUM\RIEZ MADE HIS 5TRY 9TO ,BRUSSELS4 ,! PEOPLE RECEIV$ ! SOLDI]S ( ! ,REPUBLIC ) OP5 >MS4 ,!Y W]E EXPECT+ !M TO 9ITIATE A S]IES ( REVOLUTION>Y MEASURES1 *IEFLY CONC]N+ PROP]TY4 ,SU* WAS ALSO ! IDEA ( ! 0,M\NTA90-AT LEA/ ( ,CAMBON-! MAN :O HAD ORGANIZ$ ! IMM5SE BUS9ESS ( SELL+ ! L&S ( ! CL]GY AS A GU>ANTEE = ! ASSIGNATS1 :O WAS AT ?AT MOM5T ORGANIZ+ ! SALE ( ! E/ATES ( ! EMIGRANT ROYALI/S1 & :O ASK$ NO?+ BETT] ?AN TO 9TRODUCE ! SAME SY/EM 9TO ,BELGIUM4 ,BUT :E!R IT WAS ?AT ! 0,M\NTA90 LACK$ C\RAGE1 ATTACK$ AS IT WAS BY ! ,GIROND9S = ITS WANT ( RESPECT = PROP]TY1 OR ?AT ! AIMS ( ! ,REVOLUTION HAD NOT F\ND ! NECESS>Y SUPPORT 9 ,BELGIUM1 :]E ONLY ! PROLET>IANS W]E ON ! SIDE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 :ILE ALL ! WELL-TO-DO MIDDLE CLASSES & ! =MIDABLE P[] ( ! PRIE/S W]E OPPOS$ TO IT4 ,AT ANY RATE1 IT REMA9S A FACT ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION-:I* MI<T HAVE COMB9$ ! ,BELGIANS ) ! ,FR5*1 WAS NOT ACCOMPLI%$4 

,) ALL !SE SUCCESSES & VICTORIES !RE WAS 5\< TO 9TOXICATE ! LOV]S ( ! W>1 & ! ,GIROND9S TRIUMPH$4 ,ON ,DECEMB] #a#e1 ! ,CONV5TION ISSU$ A DECREE 9 :I* IT DEFI$ ALL ! MON>*IES & DECL>$ ?AT PEACE %\LD NOT BE CONCLUD$ ) ANY ( ! ,P[]S UNTIL !IR >MIES HAD BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! T]RITORY ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,9 REALITY1 H[EV]1 ! SITUATION )9 LOOK$ RA!R GLOOMY1 & ! V]Y VICTORIES ( ! ,REPUBLIC ONLY SET ! SEAL UPON ! UNION BETWE5 ALL ! MON>*IES4 

,! 9VASION ( ,BELGIUM DECID$ ,5GL& AS TO H] ROLE4 ,! DAWN ( REPUBLICAN & COMMUNI/ IDEAS AMONG ! ,5GLI%1 :I* WAS MANIFE/$ BY ! F\NDATION ( REPUBLICAN SOCIETIES1 & F\ND ITS LIT]>Y EXPRESSION 9 #agic ?R\< ! REM>KABLE WORK ON FREE COMMUNISM1 BY ,GODW91 0,ON ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE10 HAD 9SPIR$ ! ,FR5* REPUBLICANS1 ESPECIALLY ,DANTON1 ) ! HOPE ( F9D+ SUPPORT 9 AN ,5GLI% REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4#e 

,BUT 9DU/RIAL & M]CANTILE 9T]E/S C>RI$ ! DAY 9 ! ,BRITI% ,ISLES4 ,& :5 REPUBLICAN ,FRANCE 9VAD$ ,BELGIUM & =TIFI$ H]SELF 9 ! VALLEY ( ! ,S*ELDT & ,RH9E1 ?REAT5+ TO TAKE POSSESSION ( ,HOLL&1 ,5GL&'S POLICY WAS DECID$4 

,TO TAKE AWAY ,FRANCE'S COLONIES1 TO DE/ROY H] P[] ON ! SEA1 TO *ECK H] 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T & H] COLONIAL EXPANSION-?IS WAS ! POLICY TO :I* ! GREATE/ NUMB] ADH]$ 9 ,5GL&4 ,! P>TY ( ,FOX WAS CRU%$ & ,PITT'S WAS 9 ! ASC5DANT4 ,!NCE=? ,5GL&1 /RONG 9 H] FLEET & /ILL /RONG] 9 H] MONEY ) :I* %E SUBSIDIZ$ ! CONT95TAL P[]S-,RUSSIA1 ,PRUSSIA1 & ,AU/RIA AMONG !M-BECAME & REMA9$1 = A QU>T] ( A C5TURY1 ! HEAD ( A ,EUROPEAN COALITION4 ,IT WAS A W> ( COMPLETE EXHAU/ION BETWE5 ! TWO NATIONS4 ,& ?IS W> =CIBLY BR\<T ,FRANCE TO A MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP4 

,BESIDES1 IF ,P>IS1 ?REAT5$ BY ! 9VASION1 WAS TRANSPORT$ BY A SUBLIME 5?USIASM & ITS BE/ ELEM5TS HA/5$ TO JO9 ! VOLUNTE]S FROM ! DEP>TM5TS ( ,EA/]N ,FRANCE1 IT WAS ALSO ! W> :I* GAVE ! FIR/ IMPULSE TO ! RIS+ 9 ! ,V5DEE4 ,IT FURNI%$ ! PRIE/S ) A PRETEXT = EXPLOIT+ ! RELUCTANCE ( ! POPULATION TO LEAVE !IR %ADY GROVES & GO FI<T+1 !Y KNEW NOT :]E1 UPON ! FRONTI]3 IT HELP$ TO >\SE ! FANATICISM ( ! ,V5DEANS & TO MAKE !M REVOLT1 AT ! V]Y TIME :5 ! ,G]MANS W]E 5T]+ ,FRANCE4 ,WE %ALL SEE LAT] H[ MU* EVIL WAS WR\<T = ! ,REVOLUTION BY ?IS RIS+4 

,BUT IF IT HAD BE5 ONLY ! ,V5DEE6 ,ALL ?R\< ,FRANCE ! W> CREAT$ SU* A T]RIBLE CONDITION ( ?+S = ! GREAT MASS ( ! POOR FOLK ?AT ONE CANNOT BUT ASK1 H[ DID ! ,REPUBLIC SUCCE$ 9 PASS+ SAFELY ?R\< SU* A =MIDABLE CRISIS8 

,! H>VE/ ( #agib WAS A GOOD ONE = :EAT2 BUT ON ACC\NT ( ! RA9S IT WAS ONLY FAIRLY GOOD = ! OATS & B>LEY4 ,! EXPORTATION ( C]EALS WAS =BIDD51 & YET = ALL ?AT !RE WAS A FAM9E4 ,9 ! T[NS1 = A LONG TIME NO?+ SO T]RIBLE HAD BE5 SE54 ,LONG FILES ( M5 & WOM5 BESIEG$ ! BAK]S & ! BUT*]S1 SP5D+ ! :OLE NI<T 9 ! SN[ & RA91 )\T ! C]TA9TY ( GETT+ ONE SCRAP ( BREAD 9 ! MORN+ EV5 AT AN EXORBITANT PRICE4 ,& ?IS1 AT A TIME :5 QUITE A NUMB] ( 9DU/RIES HAD BE5 /OPP$ ALMO/ COMPLETELY1 :I* MEANT NO WORK4 

,! FACT IS ?AT ONE CANNOT ) IMPUNITY TAKE AWAY FROM A NATION ( TW5TY-FIVE MILLIONS NE>LY A MILLION M5 9 ! FL[] ( !IR MANHOOD1 & P]HAPS HALF A MILLION ( BEA/S ( BURD51 )\T ITS BE+ FELT 9 AGRICULTURAL LABOR4 ,NEI!R CAN ! FOOD-/UFFS ( A NATION BE SUBJECT$ TO ! 9EVITABLE WA/AGE ( W> )\T MAK+ /ILL BLACK] ! MIS]Y ( ! POOR-AT ! SAME TIME ?AT A HORDE ( EXPLOIT]S 5RI* !MSELVES AT ! EXP5SE ( ! PUBLIC TREASURY4#f 

,QUE/IONS CONC]N+ ALL !SE VITAL FACTS W]E BE+ LAUN*$ LIKE ?UND]BOLTS 9TO ! V]Y MID/ ( EA* POPUL> SOCIETY 9 ! PROV9CES & 9TO EA* SECTION ( ! GREAT T[NS1 TO F9D !IR WAY !NCE TO ! ,CONV5TION4 ,& ABOVE EV]Y?+ ROSE ! GREATE/ QUE/ION ( ALL UPON :I* ALL ! O!RS DEP5D$3 0,:AT WAS TO BE DONE ) ! ,K+80 

#a,AUL>D GIVES 9 HIS ,HI/OIRE POLITIQUE1 #bND $ITION1 PP4 #c#a#e-#c#a#g1 AN EXCELL5T RESUME ( !SE V>I\S *ANGES4 

#b ,\T ,( #g#a#c1#h#h#e LIVRES RECEIV$ IT HAD EXP5D$ ONLY #h#e1#e#b#i LIVRES1 ( :I* !RE WAS A CLE> ACC\NT R5D]$ 7,L\IS ,BLANC1 II1 #f#b74 ,GIRAUT1 ON ! ACCUSATION ( ! ,T]ROR1 PROV$ LAT] ON ?AT 9 F\R MON?S ! COMMITTEE HAD >RE/$ ONLY #cb P]SONS4 ,IF ONLY ! ,GIROND9S HAD BE5 AS MODE/ AFT] ,!RMIDOR6 

#c ,VIDE *4 XXXV4 

#d ,AFT] LONG /RUGGLES BETWE5 ! REVOLUTION>Y POPULATION ( ,LYONS & ! ADH]5TS ( ! PRIE/S1 & AFT] ! MURD] 9 A *UR* ( ! PATRIOT ,LESCUY]1 = HAV+ WANT$ TO PUT UP ! *UR*'S PROP]TY = SALE1 9 ACCORDANCE ) LAW1 !RE WAS AN 9SURRECTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ POPULATION1 :I* 5D$ 9 ! MURD] ( SIXTY ROYALI/S1 :OSE CORPSES W]E ?R[N 9TO ! DEP?S ( ! ,T\R DE LA ,GLACI]E4 ,B>B>\X1 A ,GIRONDI/ DEPUTY1 JU/IFI$ !SE MASSACRES4 

#e,! T5OR ( ! NEGOTIATIONS ( ,BRISSOT 9 ,5GL& DUR+ ,JANU>Y #a#g#i#c1 BE=E ! ,K+'S EXECUTION1 IS /ILL UNKN[N4 ,CONC]N+ ?OSE ( ,DANTON1 SEE ,GEORGES ,AV5EL'S >TICLE1 ,DANTON ET LES POSITIVI/ES RELIGIEUX1 9 HIS ,LUNDIS REVOLUTIONNAIRES1 #a#h#g#e1 PP4 #bdh ET SEQ4 & ! WORK ( ,ALB]T ,SOREL1 ,L',EUROPE ET LA ,REVOLUTION FRANCAISE 7,P>IS74 

#f,! ROBB]IES COMMITT$ BY A C]TA9 NUMB] ( (FIC]S 9 ! COMMISS>IAT ( ! >MIES ( ! ,REPUBLIC W]E SC&AL\S4 ,SOME EXAMPLES WILL BE F\ND 9 ,JAURES' ,HI/OIRE SOCIALI/E1 ,LA ,CONV5TION4 ,! SPECULATIONS 9 :I* !Y 9DULG$ CAN ALSO BE IMAG9$ FROM ! FACT ?AT ! COMMISS>IAT (FIC]S PUR*AS$ IMM5SE QUANTITIES ( :EAT PRECISELY 9 ?OSE DEP>TM5TS :]E ! H>VE/ HAD BE5 BAD1 & ! PRICES W]E V]Y HI<4 ,SPECULATIONS 9 ! RISE ( :EAT =M]LY MADE BY ,SEPTEUIL = ! PR(IT ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I1 0! GOOD ,K+10 :O NEV] NEGLECT$ ?IS MEANS ( FILL+ HIS PRIVY PURSE1 W]E N[ BE+ MADE BY ! MIDDLE CLASSES4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,*APT] #cg -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#h1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #cg -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/