,*APT] #fb 
,$UCATION--,! ,METRIC-,SY/EM-,! ,NEW ,CAL5D>--,ANTI-,RELIGI\S ,MOVEM5T 

#aiiaii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,TODD ,HUFFMAN1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,$UCATION -- ,?REE-GRADE SY/EM -- ,METRIC SY/EM -- ,ITS IMPORTANCE -- ,! ,REPUBLICAN CAL5D> -- ,ITS CONNECTION ) ,*UR* -- ,SEV]E LAWS AGA9/ PRIE/S -- ,FIR/ ATTEMPTS AT 0DE*RI/IANIZATION0 -- ,5C\RAG$ BY ,CONV5TION -- ,BI%OP ,GOBEL'S R5UNCIATION -- ,5?USIASM ( ,ASSEMBLY -- ,MOVEM5T SPREADS -- ,FILE ( ,LIB]TY & ,REASON -- ,OPPOSITION ( ,ROBESPI]RE -- ,CONDUCT ( ,DANTON -- ,ROBESPI]RE & ,DANTON -- ,TRIUMPH ( ,CA?OLICISM -- ,FETE ( ! ,SUPREME ,BE+ -- ,PRELUDE TO #i? ,!RMIDOR 

,AMID ALL !SE /RUGGLES1 ! REVOLUTIONI/S DID NOT LOSE SI<T ( ! GREAT QUE/ION ( NATIONAL $UCATION4 ,!Y TRI$ TO LAY ITS F\NDATIONS ON PR9CIPLES ( EQUALITY4 ,AN 5ORM\S AM\NT ( WORK WAS ACTUALLY DONE 9 ?IS DIRECTION1 AS MAY BE SE5 BY ! DOCUM5TS ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,9/RUCTION1 REC5TLY PUBLI%$4#a ,! ADMIRABLE REPORT ( ,MI*EL ,LEPELLETI] ON $UCATION1 F\ND AFT] HIS DEA?1 WAS READ BE=E ! ,CONV5TION1 & A S]IES ( MEASURES = A ?REE-GRADE SY/EM ( $UCATION--PRIM>Y S*OOLS1 C5TRAL S*OOLS & SPECIAL S*OOLS--WAS ADOPT$4 

,BUT ! GREATE/ 9TELLECTUAL MONUM5T ( ?IS P]IOD ( ! ,REVOLUTION WAS ! METRIC SY/EM4 ,?IS SY/EM DID MU* MORE ?AN SIMPLY 9TRODUCE 9TO ! SUBDIVISIONS ( L9E>1 SURFACE1 VOLUME1 & WEI<T MEASURES1 ! DECIMAL SY/EM :I* IS ! BASIS ( \R NUM]ATION--:I* ( ITSELF W\LD HAVE GONE A GOOD WAY T[>DS ! SIMPLIFICATION ( MA!MATICAL 9/RUCTION1 & HELP$ TO DEVELOP ! MA!MATICAL TURN ( M9D4 ,IT ALSO GAVE TO ! FUNDAM5TAL MEASURE1 ! METRE1 A L5G? 7ONE =TY-MILLION? P>T ( ! E>?'S M]IDIAN7 :I* C\LD ALWAYS BE REE/ABLI%$ ) A V]Y FAIR DEGREE ( ACCURACY1 9 CASE \R MEASURES %\LD BE LO/ 9 FUTURE AGES1 AS ?OSE ( ! OLD CIVILIZATIONS HAVE BE5 LO/--& ?IS V]Y FACT OP5$ UP NEW VI/AS = ?\<T4 ,BESIDES1 BY E/ABLI%+ A SIMPLE RATIO BETWE5 ! UNITS ( L5G?1 SURFACE1 VOLUME & WEI<T1 ! METRIC SY/EM PREP>$ ! M9D ( ! NEXT G5]ATION = ! GREAT VICTORY ( SCI5CE 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY--ITS C]TA9TY AS TO ! UNITY ( PHYSICAL =CES & ! UNITY ( ,NATURE4 

,! NEW ,REPUBLICAN CAL5D> WAS A LOGICAL \TCOME ( ! METRIC SY/EM4 ,IT WAS ADOPT$ BY ! ,CONV5TION1 AFT] TWO REPORTS BY ,ROMME1 READ ON ,SEPTEMB] #b & ,OCTOB] #e1 & ANO!R REPORT ( ,FABRE D',EGLANT9E1 READ ON ,NOVEMB] #b#d1 #a#g#i#c4#b ,! NEW CAL5D> 9AUGURAT$ ALSO A NEW ]A 9 ! RECKON+ ( YE>S1 :I* WAS TO BEG9 ) ! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,REPUBLIC 9 ,FRANCE1 ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#b1 #a#g#i#b1 :I* WAS ALSO ! AUTUMN EQU9OX4 ,! ,*RI/IAN WEEK WAS AB&ON$4 ,SUNDAY DISAPPE>$--! DAY ( RE/ BE+ EA* T5? DAY1 ! DECADI4#c 

,?IS DECISION ( ! ,CONV5TION1 :I* /RUCK \T !  ,*RI/IAN CAL5D> FROM \R DAILY LIFE1 NECESS>ILY EMBOLD5$ ?OSE :O SAW 9 ! ,*RI/IAN ,*UR* & ITS S]VANTS ! *IEF SUPPORT ( S]VITUDE4 ,! EXP]I5CE !Y HAD HAD ) ! CL]GY :O HAD TAK5 ! ,OA? TO ! ,CON/ITUTION HAD PROV$ ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( W9N+ OV] ! ,*UR* TO ! CAUSE ( PROGRESS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ! QUE/ION ( ABOLI%+ ! PAYM5T ( ! CL]GY BY ! ,/ATE1 & ( LEAV+ ! EXP5SE ( SUPPORT+ ! M9I/]S ( !IR V>I\S CULTS TO ! MEMB]S ( !SE CULTS !MSELVES1 NECESS>ILY >OSE4 ,CAMBON HAD ALREADY BR\<T IT BE=E ! ,CONV5TION 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#g#i#b4 ,BUT ON ?REE DIFF]5T OCCASIONS ! ,CONV5TION DECID$ TO RETA9 A ,NATIONAL ,*UR*1 SUBJECT TO ! ,/ATE & PAID BY IT--:ILE IT TREAT$ ! REFRACTORY PRIE/S 7:O HAD NOT TAK5 ! OA?7 ) GREAT SEV]ITY4 

,AGA9/ !SE PRIE/S V]Y SEV]E LAWS W]E PASS$3 DEPORTATION = ?OSE UNSWORN1 &1 FROM ,M>* #a#h1 #a#g#i#c1 DEA? = ?OSE :O %\LD TAKE P>T 9 DI/URBANCES 9 CONNECTION ) ! RECRUIT+1 & ?OSE :O %\LD BE F\ND ON ! ,REPUBLIC'S T]RITORY AFT] HAV+ BE5 CONDEMN$ TO DEPORTATION4 ,ON ,OCTOB] #b#a1 #a#g#i#c1 EV5 MORE EXP$ITI\S LAWS W]E DECRE$1 & DEPORTATION BECAME APPLICABLE ALSO TO ! CON/ITUTIONAL1 SWORN PRIE/S1 IF !Y W]E ACCUS$ ( 09CIVISM0 BY SIX CITIZ5S ( !IR CANTON4 ,?IS PROV$ ! GR[? ( A CONVICTION 9 ,FRANCE ?AT ! JUREURS 7! PRIE/S :O HAD TAK5 ! OA?7 W]E (T5 QUITE AS DANG]\S AS ! NON-JUREURS OR PAPI/ES4 

,! FIR/ ATTEMPTS ( 0DE*RI/IANIZATION0 W]E MADE AT ,ABBEVILLE & AT ,NEV]S4#d ,! COMMISSION] ( ! ,CONV5TION1 ,F\*E1 :O WAS AT ,NEV]S & :O ACT$ NO D\BT 9 AGREEM5T & P]HAPS UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,*AUMETTE1 :OM HE MET 9 ?IS T[N1 DECL>$1 ON ,SEPTEMB]1 #b#f1 #a#g#i#c1 W> 0AGA9/ ALL SUP]/ITI\S & HYPOCRITICAL WOR%IP10 AS ALSO ! DESIRE TO SUB/ITUTE = !M 0A WOR%IP ( ! ,REPUBLIC & ( NATURAL MORALITY40#e ,A FEW DAYS AFT] ! 9TRODUCTION  ( ! NEW CAL5D> HE ISSU$1 ON ,OCTOB] #a1 A NEW ORD]1 ACCORD+ TO :I* ! C]EMONIES ( V>I\S CULTS MI<T ONLY BE PRACTIC$ 9SIDE !IR RESPECTIVE TEMPLES4 ,ALL 0RELIGI\S EMBLEMS ON ! HI< ROADS10 @&C41 W]E TO BE DE/ROY$1 ! PRIE/S W]E NO LONG] TO APPE> 9 !IR VE/M5TS ANY:]E EXCEPT 9 !IR *UR*ES1 &1 F9ALLY1 BURIALS W]E TO BE CONDUCT$ )\T ANY RELIGI\S C]EMONY1 9 FIELDS PLANT$ ) TREES1 0B5EA? ! %AD[ ( :I* %ALL BE ]ECT$ A /ATUE REPRES5T+ ,SLEEP4 ,ALL O!R EMBLEMS %ALL BE DE/ROY$10 & 0! GATES TO ?IS FIELD1 CONSECRAT$ ) RELIGI\S RESPECT TO ! %ADES ( ! DEAD1 %ALL BE> ?IS 9SCRIPTION3 ',DEA? IS ET]NAL SLEEP'40 ,HE ALSO EXPLA9$ ! MEAN+ ( !SE DECREES TO ! PEOPLE1 BY MEANS ( MAT]IALI/ LECTURES4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 ,LAIGNELOT1 ANO!R COMMISSION] ( ! ,CONV5TION1 TRANS=M$ ! P>I% *UR* 9 ,RO*E=T 9TO A ,TEMPLE ( ,TRU?1 :]E EI<T ,CA?OLIC PRIE/S & ONE ,PROTE/ANT M9I/] CAME TO 0R5\NCE0 !IR ORD]S ON ,OCTOB] #c#a1 #a#g#i#c4 ,AT ,P>IS1 ON ,OCTOB] #a#d1 AT ! 9/IGATION ( ,*AUMETTE1 EXT]NAL RELIGI\S PRACTICES W]E =BIDD51 & ON ! #a#f? ! ORD] ISSU$ BY ,F\*E ON BURIALS WAS 9 PR9CIPLE BY ! ,COMMUNE4 

,?AT ?IS MOVEM5T WAS 9 NO WAY A SURPRISE1 & ?AT M5'S M9DS HAD BE5 PREP>$ = IT BY ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF & ITS =]UNN]S1 IS SELF-EVID5T4 ,5C\RAG$ N[ BY ! ACTS ( ! ,CONV5TION1 ! PROV9CES ?REW !MSELVES 5?USIA/ICALLY 9TO ! MOVEM5T ( DE*RI/IANIZATION4 ,FOLL[+ ! LEAD ( ! BOR\< ( ,RIS-,ORANGIS1 ! :OLE DI/RICT ( ,CORBEIL R5\NC$ ,*RI/IANITY1 & ?IS /EP RECEIV$ ! APPROBATION ( ! ,CONV5TION1 :5 DEPUTIES FROM ,CORBEIL >RIV$ ON ,OCTOB] #c TO REPORT :AT HAD BE5 DONE4 

,SIX DAYS LAT]1 DEPUTIES FROM ! COMMUNE ( ,M5NECY PRES5T$ !MSELVES AT ! ,CONV5TION1 ATTIR$ 9 COPES4 ,!Y1 TOO1 W]E WELL RECEIV$1 & ! ,CONV5TION RECOGNIZ$ ! 0RI<T ?AT ALL CITIZ5S HAVE TO ADOPT :ATSOEV] WOR%IP SUITS !M BE/1 & TO SUPPRESS ?OSE C]EMONIES :I* DISPLEASE !M40 ,A DEPUTATION FROM ,SE9E-ET-,OISE ASK+  ?AT ! ,BI%OP ( ,V]SAILLES1 :O HAD REC5TLY DI$1 %\LD NOT BE REPLAC$1 WAS ALSO RECEIV$ ) DUE HONORS4 

,! ,CONV5TION 5C\RAG$ ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ,*RI/IANITY NOT ONLY BY ITS ATTITUDE T[>DS DE*RI/IANIZATION1 BUT ALSO BY ! USE TO :I* IT PUT ! ,*UR* TREASURES1 BR\<T TO IT BY ! 9HABITANTS--9CLUD+ ! %R9E ( ! ,*UR* ( ,SA9TE-,G5EVIEVE1 :I* WAS TRANSF]R$1 BY ORD]1 TO ! ,M9T4#f 

,5C\RAG$ UND\BT$LY BY ?IS ATTITUDE ( ! GOV]NM5T1 ,ANA*>SIS ,CLOOTS & ,*AUMETTE !N TOOK ANO!R /EP =W>D4 ,CLOOTS1 A ,PRUSSIAN B>ON1 :O HAD :OLE-HE>T$LY ESP\S$ ! CAUSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 & :O ADVOCAT$ ) C\RAGE & S9C]ITY AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,F$]ATION ( ALL PEOPLES1 & ! PRECUREUR ( ! ,COMMUNE1 ,*AUMETTE1 :O WAS A TRUE REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,P>IS WORK+ MAN1 P]SUAD$ ,GOBEL1 ! ,BI%OP ( ,P>IS1 TO LAY D[N HIS ECCLESIA/ICAL DUTIES4 ,HAV+ RECEIV$ ! CONS5T ( ! ,EPISCOPAL ,C\NCIL1 & HAV+ ANN\NC$ HIS DECISION TO ! DEP>TM5T & TO ! ,COMMUNE1 ,GOBEL CAME 9 /ATE ON ! #a#g? ,BRUMAIRE 7,NOVEMB] #g1 #a#g#i#c71 ACCOMPANI$ BY ELEV5 ( HIS VIC>S1 & FOLL[$ BY ! MAYOR ,PA*E1 ! PROCUREUR ,*AUMETTE1 & BY TWO MEMB]S ( ! DEP>TM5T1 ,MOMORO1 & ,LULLI]1 TO ! ,CONV5TION1 TO DIVE/ HIMSELF OP5LY ( HIS PR]OGATIVES & TITLES4 

,HIS SPEE* ON ?IS OCCASION WAS FULL ( DIGNITY4 ,REV]+ AS HE DID 0! ET]NAL PR9CIPLES ( EQUALITY & MORALITY1 ! NECESS>Y F\NDATIONS ( EV]Y TRULY REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T10 HE N[ OBEY$ ! VOICE ( ! PEOPLE & R5\NC$ ! PRACTICE ( 0! FUNCTIONS ( A M9I/] ( ! ,CA?OLIC FAI?40 ,DEPOSIT+ HIS CROSS & HIS R+1 HE ACCEPT$ & PUT ON ! R$ CAP :I* ONE ( ! MEMB]S H&$ HIM4 

,! ,ASSEMBLY WAS SEIZ$ !REUPON ) AN 5?USIASM :I* C\LD ONLY BE COMP>$ TO ?AT ( ! NI<T ( ,AUGU/ #d4 ,TWO O!R BI%OPS1 ,?OMAS ,L9DET & ,GAY-,V]NON1 & SOME O!R ECCLESIA/ICAL MEMB]S ( ! ,CONV5TION1 RU%$ TO ! TRIBUNE TO FOLL[ ! EXAMPLE ( ,BI%OP ,GOBEL4  ,ABBE ,GREGOIRE1 H[EV]1 REFUS$ TO JO9 !M4 ,AS TO ,SIEYES1 HE DECL>$ ?AT = MANY YE>S ALREADY HE HAD AB&ON$ ALL ECCLESIA/ICAL =MS1 ?AT HE HAD NO O!R FAI? ?AN ?AT ( LIB]TY & EQUALITY1 & ?AT HIS PRAY]S HAD LONG S9CE CALL$ = ! TRIUMPH ( REASON OV] SUP]/ITION & FANATICISM4 

,! RESULT ( ?IS SC5E 9 ! ,CONV5TION WAS TREM5D\S4 ,! :OLE ( ,FRANCE & ALL ! NEI<BOR+ NATIONS HE>D ( IT4 ,& EV]Y:]E1 AMONG ! GOV]N+ CLASSES1 !RE ROSE A FLOOD ( HATR$ AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLIC4 

,9 ,FRANCE1 ! MOVEM5T SPREAD RAPIDLY TO ! PROV9CES4 ,)9 A FEW DAYS SEV]AL BI%OPS & A GREAT NUMB] ( CL]GY HAD DIVE/$ !MSELVES ( !IR TITLES1 & !IR ABDICATIONS W]E AT TIMES ! OCCASION ( /RIK+ SC5ES4 ,IT IS T\*+1 9DE$1 TO READ1 = 9/ANCE1 ! FOLL[+ DESCRIPTION ( ! ABDICATION ( ! CL]GY AT ,B\RGES1 :I* ,I F\ND 9 A LOCAL PAMPHLET ( ! P]IOD4#g 

,HAV+ M5TION$ A PRIE/1 ,J4 ,BAPTI/E ,PAT91 & ,JULI5DE-,DIEU1 A MEMB] ( ! ,B5$ICT9E ,ORD]1 :O CAME TO LAY D[N !IR ECCLESIA/ICAL PR]OGATIVES1 ! AU?OR ( ! PAMPHLET CONT9UES3 0,PRIVAT1 ,BRISSON1 ,PATR\1 ,R\5 & ,*AMPION1 ALL METROPOLITAN EX-CURES1 W]E NOT ! LA/ TO /EP 9TO ! >5A2 ,EPSIC & ,CAL5DE1 ,DUMANTI]1 ,VEYRETON1 EX-,B5$ICT9ES1 ,RAU*ON & ,COLL>DOT CAME AFT] !M2 ! EX-CANON ,DESORMAUX1 & ,DUBOIS1 HIS COMPANION1 B5T B5EA? ! BURD5 ( YE>S1 FOLL[$ !M ) SL[ /EPS1 :5 ,LEFRANC EXCLAIM$3 ',BURN1 BURN ! CR$5TIALS ( \R PRIE/HOOD1 & MAY ! V]Y MEMORY ( \R PA/ /ATE DISAPPE> 9 ! FLAMES :I* CONSUME !M4 ,I LAY UPON ! ALT> ( \R FA!RL& ?IS SILV] M$AL2 IT BE>S ! IMAGE ( ! LA/ ( ?OSE TYRANTS :O1 BY REASON ( ! S*EM+ AMBITION ( ! CL]GY1 WAS CALL$ 0MO/ ,*RI/IAN04' ,ALL ! DOCUM5TS ( PRIE/HOOD W]E !N BURNT 9 A PILE2 & A ?\S& CRIES >OSE3 ',P]I% = EV] ! MEMORY ( ! PRIE/S6 ,P]I% = EV] ,*RI/IAN SUP]/ITION6 ,LONG LIVE ! SUBLIME RELIGION ( ,NATURE6'0 ,AFT] :I* ! PAMPHLET  5UM]ATES ! PATRIOTIC GIFTS4 ,?IS LI/ IS REALLY T\*+4 ,PRES5TS 9 L95 & SILV] %OE-BUCKLES >E V]Y NUM]\S4 ,! PATRIOTS & ! 0BRO!RS0 W]E POOR4 ,!Y GAVE :AT !Y C\LD4 

,ON ! :OLE ! ANTI-,CA?OLIC FEEL+1 9 :I* A 0RELIGION ( ,NATURE0 WAS BL5D$ ) PATRIOTIC S5TIM5TS1 SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 F> DEEP] ?AN ONE WAS L$ TO ?9K BE=E CONSULT+ ! DOCUM5TS ( ! P]IOD4 ,! ,REVOLUTION MADE M5 ?9K1 & GAVE C\RAGE TO !IR ?\<TS4 

,9 ! MEANTIME1 ! ,DEP>TM5T & ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS DECID$ TO CELEBRATE ! FOLL[+ DECADI1 ! #b? ,BRUMAIRE 7,NOVEMB] #a71 9 ,NOT] ,DAME ITSELF1 & TO ORGANIZE A ,FETE ( ,LIB]TY & ,REASON1 DUR+ :I* PATRIOTIC HYMNS W]E TO BE SUNG BE=E ! /ATUE ( ,LIB]TY4 ,CLOOTS1 ,MOMORO1 ,HEB]T & ,*AUMETTE C>RI$ ON AN ACTIVE PROPAG&A AMONG ! POPUL> SOCIETIES1 & ! FETE WAS 5TIRELY SUCCESSFUL4 ,?IS FETE HAS BE5 SO (T5 DESCRIB$ ?AT WE NE$ NOT DWELL ON ! DETAILS4 ,IT MU/ BE M5TION$1 H[EV]1 ?AT 9 REPRES5T+ 0,LIB]TY0 A LIV+ CREATURE WAS PREF]R$ TO A /ATUE1 BECAUSE1 SAID ,*AUMETTE1 0,A /ATUE W\LD ALSO HAVE BE5 A /EP T[>DS IDOLATRY40 ,AS ,MI*ELET HAD ALREADY REM>K$1 ! F\ND]S ( ! NEW FAI? RECOMM5D$ 0! *OICE1 = ! FULFILLM5T ( SO AUGU/ A P>T1 ( P]SONS :OSE *>ACT] MAKES !M *A/ELY BEAUTIFUL1 & :OSE /RICTNESS ( HABITS & VIEWS REPUDIATES ANY BASE IDEA40 ,F> FROM BE+ A GAY MOCK]Y1 ! FETE WAS RA!R A 0*A/E C]EMONY1 *E]LESS1 DULL & T$I\S10 SAYS ,MI*ELET1#h :O WAS1 IT IS KN[N1 V]Y FAVORABLY 9CL9$ T[>DS ! DE*RI/IANIZATION MOVEM5T ( #a#g#i#c4 ,BUT ! ,REVOLUTION1 HE SAID1 WAS ALREADY 0OLD & WE>Y1 TOO OLD TO 5G5D] ANY?+ NEW40 ,! ATTEMPT ( #agic WAS NOT BORN ( ! FI]Y 5?USIASM ( ,REVOLUTION1 0BUT ( ! DIALECTICAL S*OOLS ( ! ,5CYCLOP$IC TIMES40 ,9DE$1 IT CLOSELY RESEMBL$ ! MOD]N ,E?ICAL ,SOCIETIES' MOVEM5T1 :I* ALSO REMA9S \T ( T\* ) ! MASSES4 

,:AT *IEFLY /RIKES US TO-DAY IS ?AT ! ,CONV5TION1 NOT)/&+ ! REQUE/S :I* CAME FROM ALL QU>T]S1 REFUS$ TO BROA* ! GREAT QUE/ION1 ! ABOLITION ( SAL>IES  = PRIE/S PAID BY ! ,/ATE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS & ITS SECTIONS OP5LY PUT 9TO PRACTICE DE*RI/IANIZATION4 ,9 EV]Y SECTION ONE *UR* WAS D$ICAT$ TO ! CULT ( ,REASON4 ,! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,COMMUNE EV5 RISK$ HA/5+ EV5TS4 ,9 REPLY TO A RELIGI\S SPEE* BY ,ROBESPI]RE1 DELIV]$ ON ! #a/ ,FRIMAIRE1#i ! ,C\NCIL ISSU$ ON ! #cRD ,FRIMAIRE 7,NOVEMB] #b#c71 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,*AUMETTE1 AN ORD] BY :I* ALL *UR*ES OR TEMPLES ( ALL RELIGIONS 9 ,P>IS W]E TO BE IMM$IATELY CLOS$2 ! CL]GY W]E MADE 9DIVIDUALLY RESPONSIBLE = RELIGI\S DI/URBANCES2 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEES W]E 9VIT$ TO KEEP A WAT* ON ! CL]GY2 & A RESOLUTION WAS MADE TO DEM& ?AT ! ,CONV5TION EXCLUDE ! CL]GY FROM ANY =M ( PUBLIC S]VICE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME A C\RSE ( 0MORALITY0 LECTURES WAS E/ABLI%$1 TO PREP>E ! PREA*]S ( ! NEW CULT4 ,IT WAS ALSO DECID$ TO DE/ROY ! BELL T[]S1 :ILE 9 V>I\S SECTIONS FETES ( ,REASON W]E ORGANIZ$1 DUR+ :I* ! ,CA?OLIC FAI? WAS RIDICUL$4 ,ONE SECTION BURNT SOME MISSALS1 & ,HEB]T BURNT SOME RELICS AT ! ,COMMUNE4 

,9 ! PROV9CES1 SAYS ,AUL>D1 NE>LY ALL ! T[NS1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! S\?-WE/1 SEEM$ TO RALLY R\ND ! NEW RATIONALI/ FAI?4 

,YET ! GOV]NM5T1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,WELF>E1 FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ %[$ A DECID$ OPPOSITION TO ?IS MOVEM5T4 ,ROBESPI]RE COMBAT$ IT OP5LY1 & :5 ,CLOOTS CAME TO TELL HIM ) 5?USIASM ( ! ABDICATION ( ,GOBEL1 HE %[$ HIS DISPLEASURE R\<LY1 ASK+ :AT ! ,BELGIANS1 :OSE UNION ) ,FRANCE WAS DESIR$ BY ,CLOOTS1 W\LD SAY TO IT4 

,= A FEW DAYS1 H[EV]1 HE KEPT QUIET4 ,BUT ON ,NOVEMB] #b ,DANTON RETURN$ TO ,P>IS1 AFT] A PROLONG$ /AY AT ,>CISSUR-,AUBE1 :]E HE HAD RETIR$ ) HIS Y\NG WIFE1 :OM HE HAD M>RI$ 9 *UR* IMM$IATELY AFT] ! DEA? ( HIS FIR/ WIFE4 ,! NEXT DAY1 ! #a/ ,FRIMAIRE 7,NOVEMB] #b#a71 ,ROBESPI]RE PRON\NC$ AT ! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB HIS FIR/ SPEE*1 & A V]Y VIOL5T ONE1 AGA9/ ! WOR%IP ( ,REASON4 ,! ,CONV5TION1 HE SAID1 W\LD NEV] TAKE ! RA% /EP ( =BIDD+  ! PRACTICE ( ! ,CA?OLIC FAI?4 ,! LIB]TY ( RELIGION W\LD BE MA9TA9$1 & ! P]SECUTION ( ! PEACEFUL PRIE/S W\LD NOT BE P]MITT$4 ,HE !N PO9T$ \T ?AT ! BELIEF 9 A 0GREAT ,BE+ WAT*+ OV] OPPRESS$ 9NOC5CE & PUNI%+ CRIME 0 WAS 5TIRELY POPUL>1 & HE TREAT$ ! DE*RI/IANIS]S AS TRAITORS1 AS AG5TS ( ! 5EMIES ( ,FRANCE :O WI%$ TO REPEL ?OSE =EIGN]S :OM ! CAUSE ( HUMANITY & COMMON 9T]E/S ATTRACT$ T[>DS ! ,REPUBLIC4 

,FIVE DAYS LAT] ,DANTON SPOKE ALMO/ TO ! SAME EFFECT 9 ! ,CONV5TION1 & ATTACK$ ! ANTI-RELIGI\S PROCESSIONS4 ,HE DEM&$ ?AT A LIMIT BE FIX$ TO SU* MANIFE/ATIONS4 

,:AT HAD OCCURR$ DUR+ !SE FEW DAYS TO DRAW ,ROBESPI]RE & ,DANTON TOGE!R8 ,:AT NEW COMB9ATIONS1 DIPLOMATIC OR O!RWISE1 PRES5T$ !MSELVES AT ?IS MOM5T1 TO CALL ,DANTON TO ,P>IS & TO 9DUCE HIM TO OPPOSE HIMSELF TO ! DE*RI/IANIZ+ MOVEM5T1 :ILE HE WAS A TRUE DISCIPLE ( ,DID]OT1 & DID NOT CEASE TO AFFIRM HIS MAT]IALI/IC A!ISM EV5 ON ! SCAFFOLD8 ,?IS MOVE ( ,DANTON'S IS ! MORE /RIK+ BECAUSE DUR+ ! FIR/ HALF ( ! MON? ( ,FRIMAIRE ! ,CONV5TION CONT9U$ TO VIEW ! DE*RI/IANIS]S FAVORABLY4#a ,ON ! #a#d? ,FRIMAIRE 7,DECEMB] #d7 ! 0,ROBESPI]RI/0 ,C\?ON HAD DISPLAY$ SOME MORE RELICS FROM ! TRIBUNE ( ! ,CONV5TION & MOCK$ AT !M4 

,! QUE/ION !RE=E >ISES1 ,WAS NOT ,ROBESPI]RE MAK+ USE ( SOME NEW TURN 9 ! NEGOTIATIONS ) ,5GL& TO 9FLU5CE ,DANTON & TO FREELY EXPRESS HIS VIEWS ON RELIGION :I* HAD ALWAYS REMA9$ DE> TO ?IS DEI/IC DISCIPLE ( ,R\SSEAU8 

,T[>DS ! MIDDLE ( ! MON?1 ,ROBESPI]RE1 RE9=C$ BY ! SUPPORT ( ,DANTON1 DECID$ TO ACT1 & ON ! #a#f? ,FRIMAIRE 7,DECEMB] #f7 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,WELF>E CAME BE=E ! ,CONV5TION TO DEM& A DECREE CONC]N+ RELIGI\S LIB]TY1 ! FIR/ >TICLE ( :I* =BADE 0ALL VIOL5CE & MEASURES AGA9/ ! LIB]TY ( RELIGIONS40 ,WAS ?IS MEASURE DICTAT$ BY ! FE> ( REVOLT 9 ! VILLAGES1 :]E ! CLOS+  ( ! *UR*ES WAS USUALLY V]Y BADLY RECEIV$1#a#a OR W]E !RE O!R REASONS1 UNKN[N TO US--! FACT REMA9S1 AT ANY RATE1 ?AT FROM ?AT DAY ,CA?OLICISM TRIUMPH$4 ,! ,ROBESPI]RI/ ,GOV]NM5T TOOK IT UND] ITS PROTECTION1 & ONCE AGA9 ,CA?OLICISM BECAME ! ,/ATE RELIGION4#a#b 

,LAT] 9 ! SPR+1 ,ROBESPI]RE & HIS FOLL[]S W5T /ILL FUR!R3 !Y MADE AN ATTEMPT TO OPPOSE TO ! WOR%IP ( ,REASON A NEW WOR%IP1 ?AT ( ! ,SUPREME ,BE+1 CONCEIV$ AFT] ! FA%ION ( ! ,VICAIRE SAVOY>D ( ,R\SSEAU4 ,?IS WOR%IP1 H[EV]1 9 SPITE ( GOV]NM5TAL SUPPORT & ! PROSPECT ( ! GUILLOT9E = ITS ADV]S>IES1 BECAME CONFUS$ ) ! CULT ( ,REASON1 EV5 ?\< IT WAS CALL$ ! CULT ( ! ,SUPREME ,BE+1 & UND] ?IS NAME--,AUL>D SAYS--A HALF-DEI/IC & HALF-RATIONALI/IC CULT CONT9U$ TO SPREAD UP TO ! TIME :5 ! REACTION ( ,!RMIDOR GOT ! UPP] H&4 

,AS TO ! FETE ( ! ,SUPREME ,BE+ :I* WAS CELEBRAT$ ) GREAT POMP 9 ,P>IS ON ! #b? ,PRAIRIAL 7,JUNE #h1 #a#g#i#d71 & TO :I* ,ROBESPI]RE1 POS+ AS ! F\ND] ( A NEW ,/ATE RELIGION1 :I* WAS TO COMBAT A!ISM1 ATTA*$ MU* IMPORTANCE--?IS FETE WAS AS BEAUTIFUL1 IT APPE>S1 AS A POPUL> !ATRICAL P]=MANCE CAN BE1 BUT IT CALL$ =? NO E*O 9 ! FEEL+S ( ! PEOPLE4 ,CELEBRAT$ AS IT WAS BY ! WI% ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,WELF>E--SOON AFT] ,*AUMETTE & ,GOBEL1 :O HAD ALL ! SYMPA?IES ( ! MASSES ) !M1 HAD BE5 EXECUT$ = !IR IRRELIGI\S OP9IONS BY ?IS COMMITTEE--! FETE WORE TOO MU* ! *>ACT] ( A BLOODY TRIUMPH ( ! ,JACOB9 GOV]NM5T OV] ! ADVANC$ SPIRITS AMONG ! PEOPLE & ! ,COMMUNE1 TO BE AGREEABLE TO ! PEOPLE4 ,& BY ! OP5LY HO/ILE ATTITUDE ( SEV]AL MEMB]S ( ! ,CONV5TION T[>DS ,ROBESPI]RE1 DUR+ ! FETE ITSELF1 IT BECAME ! PRELUDE ( ! #i? ,!RMIDOR--! PRELUDE ( ! GR& F9ALE4 

#a,PROCES-V]BAUX DU ,COMITE D'9/RUCTION PUBLIQUE DE L',ASSEMBLEE LEGISLATIVE & ,PROCES-V]BAUX DU ,COMITE D'9/RUCTION PUBLIQUE DE LA ,CONV5TION NATIONALE1 PUBLI%$1 ) NOTES & PREFACES1 BY ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME 7,P>IS1 #a#h#h#i-#a#i#g71 #g VOLS4 

#b,! ,REPUBLICAN YE> WAS DIVID$ 9TO TWELVE MON?S1 EA* ( ?IRTY DAYS1 ! NAMES = :I* W]E F\ND BY ,FABRE D',EGLANT9E3 ,V5DEMIAIRE1 ,BRUMAIRE & ,FRIMAIRE = ! AUTUMN1 FROM ,SEPTEMB] #bb TILL ,DECEMB] #b2 ,NIVOSE1 ,PLUVIOSE & ,V5TOSE = ! W9T]1 FROM ,DEC5B] #ba TILL ,M>* #b2 ,G]M9AL1 ,FLOREAL & ,PRAIRIAL = ! SPR+1 FROM ,M>* #ba TILL ,JUNE #a#h2 & ,MESSIDOR1 ,!RMIDOR & ,FRUCTIDOR = ! SUMM]1 FROM ,JUNE #ai TILL ,SEPTEMB] #a#f4 ,FIVE EXTRA DAYS1 CALL$ ! SANS-CULOTTIDES1 ,SEPTEMB] #a#g1 #a#h1 #a#i1 #b & #b#a1 COMPLET$ ! YE>4 ,EA* MON? WAS DIVID$ 9TO ?REE DECADES1 & ! DAYS W]E CALL$ PRIMIDI1 DUODI1 TRIDI1 @&C41 ! DAY ( RE/ BE+ ! T5? DAY1 ! DECADI4 

#c,! IDEA ( E/ABLI%+ ! NEW CAL5D> ON AN A/RONOMICAL CONCEPTION WAS C]TA9LY EXCELL5T 7! IDEA ( PLAC+ ! FIVE SURPLUS DAYS ALL AT ! 5D ( ! YE> WAS NOT SO GOOD7 & ! NAMES ( ! MON?S W]E V]Y WELL *OS52 BUT BESIDES ALL ! OBJECTIONS :I* W]E B\ND TO BE MADE AGA9/ ?IS CAL5D>1 BECAUSE IT GLORIFI$ ! ,REVOLUTION1 IT IS V]Y PROBABLE ALSO ?AT ! IDEA ( REPLAC+ ! WEEK ( SEV5 DAYS 7! QU>T] ( A LUN> MON?7 BY ONE ( T5 DAYS1 TOO LONG = \R CU/OMS1 WAS & WILL BE AN OB/ACLE TO ITS G5]AL ACCEPTANCE4 

#d,9 ?IS ACC\NT ,I FOLL[ CLOSELY ! EXCELL5T MONOGRAPH ( ,PR(ESSOR ,AUL>D1 ,LE ,CULTE DE LA ,RAISON ET LE ,CULTE DE L',ETRE SUPREME1 #bND $ITION 7,P>IS1 #a#i#d74 ,AN ABRIDGM5T ( ?IS WORK IS TO BE F\ND ALSO 9 HIS ,HI/ORIE POLITIQUE1 #bND $ITION1 P4 #dfi & FOLL[+4 

#e,HE ALSO ISSU$ AN ORD] BY ! =CE ( :I* 0ANY M9I/] ( ANY CULT1 OR PRIE/ P5SION$ BY ! NATION1 IS B\ND TO M>RY1 OR TO ADOPT A *ILD1 OR TO KEEP AN 9CAPABLE OLD P]SON1 ON PA9 ( BE+ DIVE/$ ( HIS (FICES & P5SIONS0 7,AUL>D1 ,CULTE DE LA ,RAISON1 P4 #b#g74 

#f,IT WILL BE REMEMB]$ ?AT ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY HAD ALREADY MADE SIMIL> DECISIONS4 

#g,EXTRAITS DU REGI/RE DE LA ,SOCIETE POPULAIRE DE ,B\RGES4 ,SEANCE DU QU9TIDI #be BRUMAIRE DE L'AN DEUXIEME DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE1 UNE ET 9DIVISIBLE 7,NOVEMB] #a#e1 #a#g#i#c74 ,PAMPHLETS ( ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM1 ,F4 #af 7#g74 

#h,BOOK ,X,I,V41 *AP4 III4 

#i,SEE FUR!R4 

#a,AUL>D1 ,HISSOIRE POLITIQUE1 P4 #d#g#e4 

#a#a,SEV]AL LETT]S ( COMMISSION]S M5TION ?IS4 ,MO/ ( !M1 AS ?OSE ( ,D>TYGOEYTE1 ,LEFIOT1 ,PFLIEG] & ,G>NI]1 >E1 H[EV]1 PO/]IOR TO ! DECREE4 7,ACTES DU ,COMITE DE ,SALUT ,PUBLIC1 PUBLI%$ BY ,AUL>D1 VOL4 IX41 PP4 #c#h#e1 #g#e#i1 #g#h47 

#a#b,AS SEV]AL COMMISSION]S ( ! ,CONV5TION HAD TAK5 V]Y /R+5T MEASURES AGA9/ ! ,CA?OLIC RELIGION1 ! ,CONV5TION ADD$1 H[EV]1 A P>AGRAPH TO ?IS DECREE TO SAY ?AT IT DID NOT 9T5D TO C5SURE :AT HAD BE5 DONE UP TO ?AT DAY BY ITS REPRES5TATIVES4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,*APT] #fb -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #fb -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/