,*APT] #b 
,! ,PACT 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>NE ,ROSS 

,TEXT 3 

#b4 ,! ,PACT 

,:5 A *ILD IS BORN 9 ,BRITA91 AS 9 MO/ O!R DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES1 ITS P>5TS MU/ REGI/] HIS OR H] BIR?4 ,IT IS NOT MADE CLE> :Y ?IS IS NECESS>Y1 BUT IT IS LEGALLY OBLIGATORY4 ,AT ! LOCAL C\NCIL WEBSITE1 IT IS POLITELY EXPLA9$ ?AT A NEW P>5T IS REQUIR$ TO REGI/] A BIR?2 IT IS NOT /AT$--ANY:]E--:Y4 ,Y\ >E1 H[EV]1 TOLD ?AT Y\ WILL RECEIVE--FREE ( *>GE6--A %ORT BIR? C]TIFICATE4 ,FAILURE TO REGI/] A BIR? IS A CRIM9AL (F5SE1 & CAN 9CUR A HEFTY P5ALTY4 

,IT IS AN ORNATE & >*AIC RITUAL4 ,! H>RI$ P>5T MU/ PUT ASIDE DIAP]S & BOTTLES 9 ORD] TO ATT5D ! LOCAL REGI/] (FICE1 :I* CAN BE MANY MILES DI/ANT4 ,:5 ! APPO9TM5T TAKES PLACE1 ! REGI/R> WILL 5T] P>5TS' & *ILD'S DETAILS 9TO A ?ICK L$G]1 A HEAVY BOOK WEI<TY ) PORT5T\SNESS4 ,9 MY CASE1 ! REGI/R> HAD A BULB\S F\NTA9 P5 ) :I* TO 9SCRIBE ! BIR? DATE1 LOCATION & O!R M9UTIAE4 ,%E TOOK AN EVID5T PLEASURE 9 WIELD+ ?IS 9/RUM5T1 C>EFULLY UNSCREW+ ! CAP & LOV+LY POIS+ ! P5 ABOVE ! ?ICK VELLUM PAGE = A SECOND1 ! BETT] = H]1 & ME1 TO CONTEMPLATE ! GRAVITY ( ! REGI/RATION MOM5T4 

,9 ,BRITA91 GOV]NM5T FIR/ 9/RUCT$ ITS SUBJECT POPULACE TO REGI/] BIR?S1 DEA?S & M>RIAGES 9 #a#e#c#h4 ,! PURPOSE !N1 ( C\RSE1 WAS TO MONITOR ! POPULATION 9 ORD] TO MAXIMIZE ! COLLECTION ( TAX4 ,TODAY1 IF IT IS /AT$ AT ALL1 ! IMPLI$ RATIONALE = SU* REGI/RATION IS ! PROTECTION ( ! CITIZ54 

,! PRES5CE ( GOV]NM5T AT !SE C>D9AL MOM5TS ( LIFE--ITS BEG9N+1 ITS 5D1 ! 5TW9+ ( ONE'S LIFE ) ANO!R 9 M>RIAGE--IS R>ELY QUE/ION$1 BUT ASSUM$4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 GOV]NM5T 9S]TS ITSELF 9TO ! V]Y F\NDATION & FABRIC ( \R LIVES4 ,) SELF-ASSESS$ TAXES1 ! 9DIVIDUAL IS REQUIR$ TO DECL>E TO GOV]NM5T ALMO/ EV]Y SIGNIFICANT EV5T ( !IR LIVES4 

,READ+ ! REGI/RATION =M = MY *ILDR5 7!Y >E TW9S71 ,I NOTIC$ AN ODD QUE/ION3 ,WAS ! *ILD1 AT BIR?1 ALIVE OR DEAD8 ,I QUE/ION$ ! REGI/R>4 ,%E CONFIRM$ ?AT1 9DE$1 P>5TS ( /ILL-BORN *ILDR5 >E REQUIR$ TO REGI/] !IR BIR?S4 ,! DEADL9E--SIX WEEKS--IS ! SAME AS = ! BIR?S ( LIV+ *ILDR54 ,IF ! P>5TS ( A DEAD *ILD DO NOT MEET ?AT DEADL9E1 !Y TOO MU/ PAY A F9E4 

0,WE >E ! ONES WE'VE BE5 WAIT+ =0 WAS A COMPELL+ SLOGAN FROM ! PRESID5TIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN ( ,B>ACK ,OBAMA4 ,IT CAPTUR$ SOME?+ AB\T HIS PROMISE ( *ANGE1 BUT ALSO1 MORE SUBTLY1 SPOKE TO \R DEEP] ANXIETIES AB\T ! TR\BL$ /ATE ( DEMOCRACY TODAY4 ,IT YOK$ !SE TWO IDEAS TOGE!R TO EVOKE1 9 EI<T WORDS1 ! SUGGE/ION ?AT COLLECTIVE MASS ACTION BY US C\LD ALT] ?+S AT LA/4 ,! PROBLEM1 H[EV]1 IS ?AT ! SLOGAN CONTA9S A PR(\ND BUT UNADDRESS$ CONTRADICTION3 ,EV5 L$ BY A MAN AS 5LI<T5$ & SOPHI/ICAT$ AS ,B>ACK ,OBAMA1 GOV]NM5T IS NOT AB\T MASS COLLECTIVE ACTION2 ONLY GETT+ SOMEONE ELECT$ IS4 

,DUR+ ! CAMPAIGN1 ,B>ACK ,OBAMA GAVE A SPEE* 9 A SPORTS /ADIUM 9 ,D5V]4 ,9VESCO ,FIELD1 NAM$ AFT] ITS CORPORATE SPONSOR1 HAD BE5 *OS5 OV] O!R SMALL] V5UES 9 ANTICIPATION ( ! 5ORM\S DEM& TO HE> HIM4 ,ONLY ,JOHN ,F4 ,K5N$Y HAD MANAG$ TO FILL A /ADIUM AT SU* A MOM5T4 ,?IS TIME1 OV] EI<TY ?\S& PEOPLE FILL$ ,9VESCO ,FIELD1 :ILE ?\S&S ( O!RS WAT*$ ON HUGE VIDEO SCRE5S \TSIDE ! /ADIUM & MILLIONS WAT*$ ! EV5T ON TELEVISION >\ND ! WORLD4 

,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES PUBLI%$ AN EXTRAORD9>Y PANORAMIC PICTURE ( ! /ADIUM CR[D1 COMPOS$ ( SEV]AL %OTS TAK5 OV] A %ORT P]IOD4.<#c#f.>  ,! PICTURE DES]VES ICONIC /ATUS3 ,IT HAS AN ALMO/ RELIGI\S QUALITY1 LIKE A FRESCO ON A CA!DRAL CEIL+4 ,! PHOTOGRAPH %[S A VA/ & DIV]SE CR[D1 Y\NG & OLD1 BLACK & :ITE3 AN A/ONI%+LY VIVID SNAP%OT ( ,AM]ICANS ANIMAT$ AS NEV] BE=E 9 ?IS G5]ATION BY ! ELECTION ( ONE MAN1 ! FIR/ ,AFRICAN-,AM]ICAN ) A *ANCE AT ! PRESID5CY1 ! FIR/ ,DEMOCRAT AFT] EI<T YE>S ( ,GEORGE ,BU%'S ,REPUBLICANISM4 ,! PICTURE IS MOV+ & AWE-9SPIR+1 A VISUAL TE/AM5T TO ! POLITICAL 5]GY & 5?USIASM ,OBAMA'S C&IDACY UNLEA%$4 

,DUR+ ,OBAMA'S CAMPAIGN1 REPORT$LY OV] A MILLION PEOPLE VOLUNTE]$ TO WORK = HIS ELECTION4 ,?IS WAS A L>G] NUMB] ?AN RECORD$ = ANY PREVI\S CAMPAIGN4 ,OBAMA RAIS$ @s#f#e MILLION = HIS CAMPAIGN1 ! L>GE/ AM\NT EV] RAIS$2 & ALSO1 SIGNIFICANTLY1 FROM ! GREATE/ NUMB] ( DONORS4 ,H[EV]1 ONLY A SMALL PROPORTION ( ,OBAMA'S FUND+ CAME FROM SMALL 9DIVIDUAL DONORS4 ,! VA/ BULK ( ! L>GE/ DONATIONS1 AS USUAL ) CONTEMPOR>Y POLITICS1 CAME FROM ! RI* & CORPORATE DONORS1 9CLUD+ BANKS & CORPORATIONS LIKE ,GOLDMAN ,SA*S1 ,MICROS(T1 ,CITIGR\P & ,GOOGLE4.<#c#g.>  ,AFT] HIS ELECTION1 ! ,OBAMA ADM9I/RATION1 FOLL[+ TRADITIONAL ,WA%+TON =M1 APPO9T$ OV] TWO DOZ5 ( ! L>GE/ DONORS TO ! ,DEMOCRATIC PRESID5TIAL CAMPAIGN TO *OICE OV]SEAS AMBASSADOR%IPS4 

,! ,D5V] CR[D & ! EXTRAORD9>Y MASS EF=T MOBILIZ$ BY ,OBAMA'S CAMPAIGN SPOKE ( A HUNG] = *ANGE & A WILL+NESS TO CONTRIBUTE TO IT )\T PREC$5T4 ,! 5?USIASM DID NOT 5D ) HIS ELECTION3 ,AN A/ONI%+ N9ETY ?\S& PEOPLE APPLI$ = ! ?REE ?\S& OR SO POLITICAL APPO9TM5TS 9 HIS ADM9I/RATION4 

,EPITOMIZ$ 9 ! SLOGAN 0,YES1 WE CAN10 ,OBAMA'S CAMPAIGN PLAY$ UPON PEOPLE'S DESIRE = *ANGE AS WELL AS1 CRUCIALLY1 = 9VOLVEM5T 9 POLITICS4 ,BO? DUR+ ! CAMPAIGN & S9CE1 ,OBAMA URG$ PEOPLE TO BECOME 9VOLV$ 9 !IR COMMUNITIES1 TO VOLUNTE] & !MSELVES HELP FULFILL ! POLITICAL PROMISE ( HIS ELECTION4 ,BUT 9 ?IS MESSAGE !RE WAS UNADMITT$ CONTRADICTION4 ,= :AT ,OBAMA WAS ASK+ =1 FIR/ & =EMO/1 WAS NOT = VOLUNTE]S TO IMPROVE !IR COMMUNITIES1 BUT = VOLUNTE]S TO CAMPAIGN = HIS ELECTION4 ,AS IF TO HI<LI<T ?IS AWKW>D FUSION ( OBJECTIVES1 ONE GR\P--,OBAMA ,WORKS--WAS SET UP = PEOPLE TO VOLUNTE] = LOCAL ACTIVITIES 9 ! NAME ( ,OBAMA'S CAMPAIGN4 ,OBAMA'S CAMPAIGN CALL TO LOCAL ACTION WAS A SECOND>Y IF NECESS>Y MORAL BUTTRESS TO HIS PRIM>Y APPEAL = VOT]S' SUPPORT4 ,! POLITICAL 5D ( HIS CAMPAIGN WAS NOT *ANGE ITSELF1 BUT = HIM TO BE ELECT$ TO DELIV] *ANGE2 A SUBTLE BUT CRUCIAL DI/9CTION1 & ! DISJUNCTION AT ! HE>T ( REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY4 

,! NI<T ( ,OBAMA'S ELECTION1 A GREAT RO> C\LD BE HE>D ACROSS ,L[] ,MANHATTAN :5 HIS VICTORY BECAME APP>5T4 ,BUT ! P>TY ATMOSPH]E SOON DISSIPAT$4 ,AFT] ,OBAMA'S ELECTION & ! EXCITEM5T ( HIS 9AUGURATION1 Y\ C\LD ALMO/ S5SE ! AIR GO+ \T ( ! BALLOON4 

,) ! GOV]NM5T'S 5C\RAGEM5T1 VOLUNTE]+ FAIRS W]E HELD ACROSS ! C\NTRY4 ,& :ILE ATT5DANCE WAS HI<1 IT WAS NOT$ ?AT ?IS 5?USIASM WAS LESS A FUNCTION ( A NEW SURGE ( POLITICAL ACTIVISM1 BUT MORE ONE ( ! RAMPANT UNEMPLOYM5T ( ! PO/-ELECTION MON?S4 ,9 ,BROOKLYN1 A FEW HUNDR$ TURN$ UP TO A VOLUNTE]+ FAIR1 :]E ?\S&S HAD BE5 HOP$ =--9 A BOR\< NUMB]+ MILLIONS4 ,TELL+LY1 ! FAIR WAS DESCRIB$ AS SEEK+ TO EXPLOIT 5]GY 0LEFT OV]0 FROM ! CAMPAIGN4.<#c#h.>  ,OBAMA ,WORKS W5T 9TO 0HIB]NATION40 ,S9CE !N1 !RE HAS BE5 NO REVOLUTION 9 VOLUNTE]+ & COMMUNITY ORGANIZ+4 ,! CONV5TIONAL MODEL ( POLITICS HAS REMA9$ L>GELY UN*ANG$4 ,AS USUAL1 ATT5TION FOCUSES ON ! 9T5TIONS & UTT]ANCES ( A V]Y SMALL GR\P ( PEOPLE 9 ! ,:ITE ,H\SE & A SLI<TLY L>G] GR\P 9 ,CONGRESS1 :]E ! BETRAYALS1 E?OS & PECCADILLOES ( A SMALL NUMB] ( REPRES5TATIVES & S5ATORS DET]M9E ! NATURE ( LEGISLATION IMPOS$ ON A C\NTRY ( ?REE HUNDR$ MILLION PEOPLE4 ,EV]YONE ELSE IS LEFT TO RANT AB\T !IR DO+S ON WEBSITES OR1 MORE COMMONLY1 SIMPLY GET ON ) !IR LIVES ) A %RUG ( ! %\LD]S4 ,IT SEEMS LIKE ! ONES WE'VE BE5 WAIT+ = WASN'T US AFT] ALL4 

,SOME ATTRIBUTE ?IS PASSIVITY TO ! 9H]5TLY IDLE & FECKLESS NATURE ( ORD9>Y PEOPLE3 ,SOME POLITICIANS ,I KN[ >E 9CL9$ TO ?IS SUPPOSITION4 ,BUT 9 TRU?1 ! REASON IS ?AT CONV5TIONAL REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY1 :]E ! MANY ELECT ! FEW1 RE/S ON A PACT BETWE5 VOT]S & GOV]NM5T3 ,WE VOTE1 !Y ACT2 WE GET ON ) \R LIVES1 !Y PROTECT4 ,?IS IS ! PACT 9 :I* ! P>5T MU/ 5ROLL !IR BABY AFT] BIR?4 ,IT 5DURES UNTIL DEA?4 ,?IS PACT IS R>ELY EXAM9$ NOR IS IT ANY:]E CLE>LY OR FULLY /AT$2 IT IS R>ELY ADMITT$ TO1 ?\< ITS EFFECTS >E PR(\ND4 

,! PACT HAS SEV]AL LAY]S4 ,AT ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL1 ! PACT IMPLIES ?AT GOV]NM5T WILL PROTECT ITS CITIZ5S2 IT WILL PROVIDE = !IR SECURITY & SAFETY4 ,9 RETURN1 CITIZ5S AGREE TO LIMIT SOME ( !IR FRE$OM3 ,!Y ACCEPT ! RULE ( LAW1 & ) IT1 V>I\S RE/RICTIONS ON !IR BEHAVIOR4 ,TO GOV]NM5T IS RES]V$ C]TA9 EXTREME P[]S & RI<TS1 :I* >E D5I$ ! RE/ ( US4 ,!SE 9CLUDE ! P[] TO D5Y FRE$OM TO O!RS1 TO IMPRISON & TO PUNI%4 ,9 SOME C\NTRIES1 LIKE ! ,U4,S41 ?IS 9CLUDES ! P[] TO KILL 9 ! NAME ( JU/ICE4 ,ALL #aib MEMB] /ATES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS HAVE AGRE$ TO A CODE TO GOV]N ?IS RI<T TO WAGE W>1 ! ,U,N ,*>T]4 ,BUT ! *>T] IS A VOLUNT>Y DOCUM5T & 9FR++ IT DOES NOT 9VOKE AUTOMATIC PUNI%M5T1 ESPECIALLY IF ! 9FR+] IS A P[]FUL /ATE4 

,DOME/ICALLY1 ! GOV]NM5T'S COMMITM5T TO PROVIDE SECURITY MEANS ?AT GOV]NM5T TAKES RESPONSIBILITY TO PRES]VE PEACE1 PREV5T CRIME & DISORD]1 & TO SAVE ! POPULACE 9 TIMES ( GRAVE P]IL1 SAY1 AFT] MILIT>Y ATTACK OR NATURAL DISA/]4 ,SO F>1 ! PACT IS FAMILI>1 & E*OES ! !ORIES ( POLITICAL PHILOSOPH]S D[N ! AGES1 FROM ,LOCKE & ,HOBBES1 & E>LI] /ILL1 ,PLATO4 

,LESS FAMILI> IS ! SECOND LAY] ( ! PACT1 ONE ?AT IS LESS (T5 M5TION$ ?AN ! FIR/1 BUT ONE ) MORE 9SIDI\S EFFECT4 ,9 ADDITION TO PROTECT+ ! POPULATION1 GOV]NM5T MAKES A FUR!R COMMITM5T--TO TAKE C>E ( SOCIETY'S PROBLEMS1 9CLUD+ $UCATION1 9 SOME /ATES HEAL? C>E S]VICES1 C>E = ! ELD]LY & DISABL$1 PROTECTION ( ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T1 9CLUD+ N[ ! GLOBE'S ATMOSPH]E1 & ABOVE ALL1 PROVID+ = GR[? & EMPLOYM5T--TO TAKE C>E ( ! ECONOMY4 ,?IS COMMITM5T--& ITS CONSEQU5CE-->E ALMO/ NEV] EXPLICITLY /AT$3 ,GOV]NM5T WILL TAKE C>E ( !SE PROBLEMS1 SO WE DON'T HAVE TO4 

,9/EAD ( ADMITT+ ?IS PACT1 POLITICIANS 9/EAD DECL>E POLICIES & PROMISES TO MANAGE !SE PROBLEMS1 MU* AS ,B>ACK ,OBAMA DID AT ,9VESCO ,FIELD4 ,BUT BY DECL>+ GOV]NM5T'S 9T5TION TO ADDRESS SU* PROBLEMS1 A POLITICIAN IS S5D+ A P[]FUL IF CONCEAL$ MESSAGE3 ,IF GOV]NM5T IS WILL+ & ABLE TO SORT \T !SE PROBLEMS1 WE ! POPULACE DO NOT NE$ TO WORRY4 ,9 ,B>ACK ,OBAMA'S CASE1 ! MESSAGE WAS C>RI$ A /EP FUR!R3 ,I ! POLITICIAN NE$ Y\R ACTIVE 9VOLVEM5T--TO CAMPAIGN1 RAISE MONEY1 ETC4--9 ORD] TO GET ELECT$1 !N ,I WILL BE ABLE TO ADDRESS !SE PROBLEMS4 

,9DE$1 ,OBAMA RAIS$ ! /AKES A NOT* FUR!R3 ,! MASS 9VOLVEM5T HE WAS ABLE TO ACTIVATE ?R\< HIS C&IDACY EXPLOIT$ ! MASSIVE POLITICAL 5]GY & FRU/RATION ( ! PROGRESSIVE ELECTORATE3 ! MILLIONS :O VOLUNTE]$ = HIS CAMPAIGN4 ,HIS IMPLICIT MESSAGE WAS 0,MOBILIZE TO ELECT ME & ,I WILL DELIV]40 

,BUT ! EFFECTS ( ! PACT CAN BE WITNESS$ 9 :AT FOLL[$ ! ELECTION4 ,! MASS ( VOLUNTE]S :O MOBILIZ$ TO CAMPAIGN = ,OBAMA BY & L>GE ?REW AWAY !IR BADGES & /AY$ AT HOME1 !IR JOB DONE4 ,!RE WAS NO DRAMATIC UPSW+ 9 VOLUNTE]+ = SOCIAL CAUSES4 ,EV5 9 ELECTORAL POLITICS1 H>D-CORE P>TY ACTIVI/S F\ND ?AT ! 0,OBAMA EFFECT0 HAD LITTLE LONG-T]M B5EFIT 9 RECRUIT+ VOLUNTE]S TO FI<T ELECTIONS AT ! MORE LOCAL LEVEL4 ,! LONG-RUN TR5D 9 VOLUNTE]+ = SOCIAL CAUSES REMA9S1 AS ,ROB]T ,PUTNAM & O!RS HAVE ATTE/$1 RESOLUTELY D[NW>D4.<#c#i.>  ,9 G5]AL1 WE >E DO+ LESS & LESS4 ,& H]E IS ONE MESSAGE ?AT ISSU$ UN9T5D$ BUT ) SUBTLE & P[]FUL =CE FROM ! MILLIONS WAT*+ ?AT ONE *>ISMATIC MAN AT ,9VESCO ,FIELD4 ,?AT VA/ CR[D IS WAT*+1 NOT ACT+4 ,= MO/ ( US1 POLITICS IS A SPECTATOR SPORT--WE OBS]VE1 !Y DO4 

,! TR\BLE ) ! PACT IS ?AT IT IS BREAK+ D[N4 ,NATIONAL GOV]NM5TS >E LESS & LESS ABLE TO TACKLE ! TRANSNATIONAL & GLOBAL CAUSES ( ! V>I\S PROBLEMS ?AT CONFRONT US4 ,AT ! MO/ BASIC LEVEL ( ! PACT1 GOV]NM5T IS UNABLE TO GU>ANTEE PROTECTION AGA9/ T]RORI/ ATTACK2 IT IS UNABLE TO PROVIDE AN EFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO PREV5T CLIMATE *ANGE2 IT IS UNABLE TO MANAGE ! GLOBAL CAUSES--& EFFECTS--( ECONOMIC VOLATILITY4 ,9 SOCIETY1 GOV]NM5T IS UNABLE TO SL[ ! SEEM+LY 9EXORABLE RISE 9 0ANTISOCIAL0 BEHAVIOR1 A TR5D EVID5C$1 = EXAMPLE1 9 M\NT+ ATTACKS ON BUS DRIV]S1 BUT APP>5T 9 O!R 9NUM]ABLE WAYS 9CLUD+ ! SUBTLE YET PALPABLE T5SION 9 \R PUBLIC SPACES4 ,C,C,T,V CAM]AS ON EV]Y CORN] DO LITTLE TO CURB ?IS DISCOM=T+ TR5D1 ?\< !Y PROVIDE AMPLE PRO( ( \R ABS5CE ( TRU/ 9 ONE ANO!R4 

,AS A RESULT1 TRU/ 9 POLITICIANS1 NEV] HI<1 IS DECL9+4 ,9 ,BRITA91 A WELL-KN[N TELEVISION PRES5T] CALL$ ! PRIME M9I/] 0A CUNT0 9 FRONT ( A /UDIO AUDI5CE4 ,SU* DISRESPECT IS N[ COMMONPLACE 9 MANY E/ABLI%$ DEMOCRACIES4 ,9 ,AM]ICA & VIRTUALLY EV]Y DEMOCRATIC C\NTRY1 !RE IS WIDESPREAD DISILLUSIONM5T IF NOT DISGU/ ) ! POLITICAL CLASSES1 & ) POLITICS ITSELF4 ,9 ,G]MANY1 POLL+ BE=E REC5T ,BUNDE/AG 7P>LIAM5T7 ELECTIONS 9DICAT$ ?AT #ah P]C5T ( VOT]S W\LD VOTE NOT = REGUL> POLITICIANS BUT = A COM$IAN PLAY+ A POLITICIAN4.<#d.>  ,! ELECTION CAMPAIGN WAS DOM9AT$ NOT BY DISCUSSION ( $UCATION OR ECONOMIC POLICY1 BUT BY A SC&AL OV] A POLITICIAN :O HAD US$ H] GOV]NM5T C> TO BE DRIV5 ON HOLIDAY TO ,SPA94 ,COMM5T+ ON ELECTIONS WIDELY SE5 AS 0BOR+10 ONE VOT] SAID1 0,!RE'S JU/ NO BELIEF ?AT ANY?+ IS GO+ TO *ANGE40.<#d#a.>  ,9 ,ICEL&1 WIDESPREAD DISILLUSIONM5T AFT] ! CATA/ROPHIC IMPACT ( ! F9ANCIAL CRISIS SAW A PR(ESSIONAL COMIC ELECT$ MAYOR ( ,REYKJAVIK4 ,9 ! ,U4,S41 ANTIPA?Y T[>D POLITICIANS MANIFE/S ITSELF MO/LY1 AS 9 MO/ ISSUES 9 ,AM]ICA1 9 P>TIZAN T]MS3 ,! O!R SIDE'S POLITICIANS >E V5AL1 CORRUPT & SELF-S]V+2 ! MANIFE/ FAIL+S ( \RS >E OV]LOOK$4 

,! DIS9TEGRATION ( ! PACT IS EXAC]BAT$ BY A FUR!R DAMAG+ PH5OM5ON3 ! DEEP5+ *ASM BETWE5 VOT]S & !IR REPRES5TATIVES4 ,! EVOLUTION ( DEMOCRACY HAS BE51 9 G5]AL1 ONE FROM DIRECT DEMOCRACY TO REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY2 FROM PEOPLE COLLECTIVELY DECID+ !IR AFFAIRS1 TO ELECT+ O!RS TO DO SO ON !IR BEHALF4 ,BUT AS REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY HAS EVOLV$1 SO TOO HAS ! DI/ANCE GR[N BETWE5 VOT]S & ! DECISIONS ?AT AFFECT !M4 

,9 EV]Y NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC SY/EM1 9DIVIDUAL P>TICIPATION HAS BE5 R$UC$ TO M]E OCCASIONAL VOT+ TO *OOSE LEGISLATORS OR ! EXECUTIVE 79 ! ,BRITI% SY/EM1 !SE >E ONE & ! SAME ELECTION2 9 ! ,U4,S4 & O!R SY/EMS1 !Y >E SEP>AT$74 ,TODAY1 ! EXECUTIVE1 9 CAHOOTS ) ! LEGISLATURE1 MANAGES SOCIETY & ! ECONOMY & ! C\NTRY'S 9T]NATIONAL AFFAIRS4 ,!SE HI<LY COMPLEX DECISIONS >E TAK5 NOT BY ! POPULATION COLLECTIVELY1 BUT BY A SMALL EXECUTIVE (T5 COMPRIS+ ONLY A FEW HUNDR$ PEOPLE4 ,?IS PYRAMIDAL1 TOP-D[N /RUCTURE PRODUCES SEV]AL 9H]5T & ?US 9ESCAPABLE FEATURES4 

,! COMPETITION TO BECOME ONE ( ! ELITE IS 9T5SE & ANTAGONI/IC1 & SOMETIMES VIOL5T4 ,IT CO/S AN E/IMAT$ @s#a4#e MILLION TO W9 A SEAT 9 ! ,U4,S4 ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES2 9 ! ,S5ATE1 @s#i MILLION4.<#d#b.>  ,ONCE 9 P[]1 LEGISLATORS JO9 LOBBYI/S 9 F]OCI\S COMPETITION TO GA9 ! EXECUTIVE'S ATT5TION & 9FLU5CE !IR DECISIONS4 ,! EVID5CE = ?IS IS CLE> 9 ! GR[+ PR(ESSIONALIZATION ( ?IS PROCESS1 BO? ( POLITICIANS & ! 9DU/RY E/ABLI%$ TO 9FLU5CE !M4 ,9 ,BRITA91 MANY POLITICIANS HAVE SP5T !IR :OLE PR(ESSIONAL LIVES PRACTIC+ NO?+ BUT POLITICS1 />T+ AS RESE>*]S TO ,MEMB]S ( ,P>LIAM5T1 !N GRADUAT+ AS ,M,PS & SOMETIMES GOV]NM5T M9I/]S4 ,DAVID ,CAM]ON1 ELECT$ ,BRITA9'S PRIME M9I/] 9 #b#a1 HAS NEV] HAD ANY JOB \TSIDE ( POLITICS1 UNLESS ONE C\NTS A BRIEF /9T WORK+ 9 PUBLIC RELATIONS4 ,! LEAD] ( ! OPPOSITION1 ,$ ,MILIB&1 LIKEWISE4 ,9 ,WA%+TON1 EV]Y POLITICIAN CLAIMS TO BE AN 0\TSID]0 AS !Y TRY TO RIDE ! ANTIPOLITICS WAVE1 BUT 9 REALITY V]Y FEW >E4 

,! CONTE/ TO SECURE POLITICAL 9FLU5CE HAS BECOME 9CREAS+LY PR(ESSIONALIZ$ & HAS ASSUM$ ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( AN 9DU/RY1 ) PR(ESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS & ITS [N GR\P 9T]E/S3 ,!RE >E N[ LOBBYI/S REPRES5T+ ! 9T]E/S ( LOBBYI/S4 ,9 ,WA%+TON1 ! NUMB] ( REGI/]$ LOBBYI/S HAS MORE ?AN D\BL$ S9CE #b1 TO NE>LY ?IRTY-FIVE ?\S& 9 #b#e4.<#d#c.>  ,:ILE ! RECESSION MAY HAVE ?9N$ !IR RANKS1 ! RATIO ( LOBBYI/S TO LEGISLATORS REMA9S1 9CR$IBLY1 HUNDR$S ( LOBBYI/S TO EV]Y MEMB] ( ,CONGRESS4 

,AT ! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION 9 ,BRUSSELS1 AN 9CREAS+LY DOM9ANT S\RCE ( LEGISLATION AFFECT+ ECONOMIC 9T]E/S WORLDWIDE1 NO ONE SEEMS ABLE TO GIVE PRECISE NUMB]S ( PR(ESSIONAL LOBBYI/S2 MO/ E/IMATES1 ?\<1 PLACE ! NUMB] AT AB\T FIFTE5 ?\S&4 ,A =M] COMMISSION] = ! ,E,U'S MO/ EXP5SIVE & WA/EFUL POLICY1 AGRICULTURE1 DESCRIB$ ,BRUSSELS AS A 0P>ADISE0 = LOBBYI/S4 

,ONE REASON = ! PROLIF]ATION ( BUS9ESS LOBBYI/S IS ALL TOO CLE>3 ,IT PAYS TO 9VE/ 9 9FLU5CE4 ,B,P HELP$ ,LIB]AL ,DEMOCRAT ,EUROPEAN ,P>LIAM5T MEMB] ,*RIS ,DAVIES DRAFT CLIMATE *ANGE LEGISLATION ?AT SECUR$ A ,E,U,R#i BILLION SUBSIDY FROM ,EUROPEAN TAXPAY]S1 COV]+ ! 5TIRE CO/ ( NEW TE*NOLOGY TO CONV]T FROM 0DIRTY0 COAL-FIR$ P[] /ATIONS1 SAV+ 5]GY FIRMS FROM HAV+ TO PAY = IT !MSELVES4 ,! 9DU/RY LAT] GAVE ,DAVIES AN AW>D4 ,DAVIES WAS AT LEA/ OP5 AB\T ! PROCESS HE CONDUCT$ TO PREP>E ! NEW ,EUROPEAN LAWS1 JU/IFY+ HIS ACTIONS BY US+ A FAM\S QUOTATION (T5 MISATTRIBUT$ TO ,OTTO VON ,BISM>CK3 0,! PUBLIC %\LD NEV] BE ALL[$ TO SEE TWO ?+S3 H[ SAUSAGES >E MADE & H[ LAWS >E MADE40.<#d#d.> 

,IF ?IS IS ! REALITY ( ! SUPPOS$LY DEMOCRATIC LEGISLATIVE PROCESS1 IT IS UNSURPRIS+ ?AT POPUL> 5?USIASM = CONV5TIONAL POLITICS IS WAN+4 ,MEMB]%IP ( POLITICAL P>TIES1 ONE MEASURE ( POPUL> P>TICIPATION 9 CONV5TIONAL POLITICS1 IS 9 /EEP DECL9E 9 ALL MAJOR ,WE/]N SOCIETIES4.<#d#e.>  ,GLOBAL SURVEYS CONFIRM ?AT :ILE PEOPLE 9 G5]AL PREF] DEMOCRACY1 !Y >E LESS & LESS HAPPY ) ! PRACTICE ( DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T4.<#d#f.>  ,VOT] TURN\T HAS BE5 9 LONG-T]M DECL9E 9 ALMO/ ALL DEMOCRATIC SY/EMS4 ,9 ! LA/ P>LIAM5T>Y ELECTIONS 9 ,FRANCE1 = 9/ANCE1 TURN\T WAS ! L[E/ EV] RECORD$4 ,! ,EUROPEAN ,P>LIAM5T ELECTIONS ( #bi SUFF]$ ! SAME IGNOM9I\S \TCOME--FEW] VOT]S TURN$ \T = !M ?AN 9 ANY ELECTION S9CE ! P>LIAM5T'S 9CEPTION4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 #be P]C5T FEW] PEOPLE VOTE 9 ELECTIONS ?AN !Y DID 9 #a#i#f1 :5 ,JOHN ,F4 ,K5N$Y WAS ELECT$ 

,DESPITE ! PROMISES ( POLITICIANS TO LIMIT ! LOBBY+ 9DU/RY & ITS 9FLU5CE1 IT HAS CONT9U$ TO GR[4 ,ITS P]NICI\S P[]--AN 9H]5T FUNCTION ( ! R$UCTIVE PYRAMID FROM VOT]S TO DECID]S--SEEMS GREAT] ?AN !M4 ,ONE ( ,PRESID5T ,OBAMA'S FIR/ ACTS 9 GOV]NM5T WAS TO APPO9T AS DEPUTY DEF5SE SECRET>Y A LONGTIME LOBBYI/ = ,RAY!ON1 A TOP WEAPONS CONTRACTOR1 DESPITE ,OBAMA'S CAMPAIGN COMMITM5T TO PROHIBIT ANY SU* APPO9TM5TS4 ,9 ,NEW ,YORK ,/ATE1 ! SUCCESSFUL ,DEMOCRATIC C&IDATE = GOV]NOR 9 #ba PROCLAIM$ HIS =?RI<T OPPOSITION TO SPECIAL 9T]E/S & LOBBYI/S ?R\<\T HIS CAMPAIGN1 YET ! BULK ( HIS CAMPAIGN FUND+ CAME FROM ORGANIZ$ LABOR1 REAL E/ATE FIRMS & RELAT$ 9DU/RIES LIKE CON/RUCTION1 ! HEAL? C>E SECTOR & LOBBY+ FIRMS4.<#d#g.> 

,9 #b#a1 ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT1 9 ITS MISLEAD+LY NAM$ 0,CITIZ5S ,UNIT$0 RUL+1 DECID$ TO ALL[ COMM]CIAL COMPANIES TO PAY DIRECTLY = POLITICAL ADV]TIS+1 ABSURDLY DEF9+ COMPANIES AS HAV+ ! SAME RI<TS AS 9DIVIDUALS1 & OV]RUL+ ! EXI/+ FEEBLE LIMITS TO CURB !IR 9FLU5CE4 ,! RUL+ P]MITT$ CORPORATIONS & O!R TYPES ( ORGANIZATIONS TO RAISE L>GE AM\NTS & RUN POLITICAL CAMPAIGN ADS )\T REVEAL+ ! S\RCE ( FUND+4 ,SURE 5\<1 ! #ba CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS SAW L>GE 9FLUXES ( MONEY FROM !SE UNACC\NTABLE BODIES1 TILT+ ! RACES = MANY SEATS4 ,PR(ESSOR ,LAWR5CE ,LESSIG HAS >GU$ ?AT ! MUTUAL DEP5D5CY ( LOBBYI/S & LEGISLATORS IS N[ SO PR(\ND1 & CORRUPT1 ?AT LEGISLATION IS 5ACT$ ) ! SOLE PURPOSE ( EXTRACT+ R5TS FROM CORPORATE 9T]E/S4 ,=M] S5ATORS HAVE ADMITT$ ! SAME ?+3 ?AT ALL LEGISLATION IS MADE ON 0,K ,/REET10 ! 9FAM\S ,WA%+TON /REET :]E LOBBYI/S HAVE !IR (FICES4.<#d#h.>  ,ONE OBS]V] E/IMATES ?AT ! LOBBY+ 9DU/RY SP5T @s#c4#c BILLION 9 JU/ ONE YE> 7#b#h74.<#d#i.>  ,PRIVATE COMPANIES ?AT RUN PRISONS N[ EMPLOY LOBBYI/S TO PRESS = LEGISLATION REQUIR+ JUDGES TO IMPOSE LONG] S5T5CES4.<#e.> 

,9 ,BRITA91 ! CORROSIVE 9FLU5CE ( LOBBYI/S IS BETT] CONCEAL$ & LESS ACKN[L$G$4 ,9 A SY/EM :]E VA/ P[] IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! PRIME M9I/]'S (FICE1 MANY ( ,TONY ,BLAIR'S ADVIS]S LEFT (FICE = HI<LY PAID EXECUTIVE POSITIONS 9 COMPANIES ?AT HAD SUB/ANTIAL POLITICAL 9T]E/S 9 !IR E>LI] 9C>NATION4 ,ONE S5IOR ADVIS] JO9$ ,MORGAN ,/ANLEY'S 9VE/M5T BANK+ DIVISION AS A FULL-TIME S5IOR MANAG+ DIRECTOR4 ,ANO!R LEFT H] JOB 9 ,BLAIR'S 9N] TEAM TO WORK = ! OIL GIANT ,B,P4 

,SEV]AL ( ,BLAIR'S PRESS ADVIS]S =M$ A ,P,R GR\P ON ,BLAIR'S DEP>TURE FROM (FICE ?AT N[ 5JOYS LUCRATIVE CONTRACTS ) BUS9ESSES1 MANY ( :I* HAD CLE> 9T]E/S 9 LEGISLATION DELIV]$ BY ! ,BLAIR ADM9I/RATION4 ,AFT] LEAV+ (FICE1 ,BLAIR HIMSELF WAS AW>D$ A POSITION AS 0S5IOR ADVIS]0 TO 9VE/M5T BANK ,J,P,MORGAN = A SAL>Y ( HALF A MILLION P\NDS A YE>1 A ROLE TO :I* HE GAVE RA!R LESS PUBLICITY ?AN TO HIS POSITION AS A PEACE 5VOY 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ = ! SO-CALL$ ,QU>TET GR\P ( C\NTRIES4.<#e#a.> 

,)9 ! POLITICAL CLASS 9 ,BRITA91 !RE APPE>S TO BE A TACIT UND]/&+ NOT TO CRITICIZE SU* OBVI\S CONFLICTS ( 9T]E/1 P]HAPS BECAUSE O!R MEMB]S ( ?AT CLASS WI% TO LEAVE !MSELVES ?AT OPPORTUNITY 9 FUTURE4 ,! SELF-S]V+ EXCUSE1 :I* CAN (T5 BE HE>D SOTTO VOCE 9 ,WE/M9/]1 IS ?AT SU* REW>DS >E A JU/ PAY(F = ! SUPPOS$LY POOR PAY & H>D LABOR ( A C>E] 9 POLITICS4 

,A SIMIL> UNSPOK5 UND]/&+ IS CLE>LY AT WORK 9 ,WA%+TON TOO1 :]E POLITICIANS 0RETIRE0 FROM !IR LEGISLATIVE DUTIES AS ELECT$ (FICIALS TO SELL !IR CONTACTS & NETWORK+ EXP]TIZE AS LOBBYI/S4 ,:5 =M] ,DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY LEAD] ,S5ATOR ,TOM ,DAS*LE WAS SCRUT9IZ$ BY ,CONGRESS TO LEAD ,PRESID5T ,OBAMA'S HEAL? C>E EF=T1 IT WAS REVEAL$ ?AT HE HAD E>N$ OV] @s#e MILLION AS A LOBBY+ ADVIS] TO V>I\S 9DU/RIES4 ,NOTABLY1 IT WAS NOT ?IS BLATANT 9FLU5CE-P$DL+ ?AT PROVOK$ ! CRITICISM ?AT MET HIS NOM9ATION1 & ULTIMATELY =C$ HIM TO )DRAW1 BUT HIS FAILURE ACCURATELY TO DECL>E = TAXES ! GRATIS USE ( A LIM\S9E--ONE CLI5T'S =M ( PAYM5T = HIS S]VICES4 

,MEAN:ILE1 =M] ,AM]ICAN AMBASSADORS1 AFT] !IR YE>S ( PUBLIC S]VICE1 SOMETIMES RETURN TO ,WA%+TON TO ACT AS PAID LOBBYI/S = ! V]Y C\NTRIES TO :I* !Y US$ TO REPRES5T ,U4,S4 9T]E/S1 A NAK$ BREA* ( E?ICS1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ! RISK TO NATIONAL SECURITY4.<#e#b.>  ,TWO S5IOR (FICIALS FROM ! ,CL9TON ADM9I/RATION1 9CLUD+ ! =M] PRESID5T'S LEGAL C\NSEL1 LAT] 5D$ UP AS PAID LOBBYI/S = ,LAUR5T ,GBAGBO1 ! =M] PRESID5T ( ,COTE D',IVOIRE1 :OSE REFUSAL TO REL9QUI% P[] AFT] LOS+ ELECTIONS 9 #baa L$ TO WIDESPREAD VIOL5CE CO/+ HUNDR$S ( LIVES4 ,!SE WELL-CONNECT$ ,AM]ICAN (FICIALS LOBBI$ ! ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T & ,:ITE ,H\SE ON BEHALF ( ! WOR/ ( T9POT DICTATORS4.<#e#c.> 

,GIV5 ! P]NICI\S =CES AT WORK 9 ! CURR5T POLITICAL SY/EM1 IT IS UNSURPRIS+ ?AT ! DECISIONS PRODUC$ >E (T5 GROSSLY DIVORC$ FROM ! NE$S ( ELECTORS1 OR EV5 ( ! /ATE ITSELF4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E ! LOBBY+ 9DU/RY IS MO/ DEVELOP$ & :]E POLITICIANS >E HI<LY DEP5D5T ON CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS1 !SE EFFECTS >E MO/ NOTICEABLE4 ,= 9/ANCE1 MEMB]S ( ,CONGRESS 9 #bi DEM&$ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T PUR*ASE SEV5 EXTRA ,F-#b#b FI<T] AIRCRAFT1 AT NE>LY A QU>T] ( A BILLION DOLL>S EA*1 :I* ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,DEF5SE ITSELF HAD NOT REQUE/$4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 ! ,U4,S4 WAS AT W> 9 TWO C\NTRIES--,IRAQ & ,AF<ANI/AN4 ,AL?\< BY ?AT TIME ALREADY 9 ,U,S,A,F S]VICE1 ! ,F-#b#b HAD NOT BE5 US$ 9 EI!R CONFLICT4 ,9 ! ,U,K1 ! GOV]NM5T HAS BE5 CONV9C$ BY ! DEF5SE 9DU/RY TO PUR*ASE TWO 5ORM\S AIRCRAFT C>RI]S TO 0MA9TA9 ,BRITA9'S ABILITY TO PROJECT =CE10 EV5 ?\< ! C>RI]S (F] A F> GREAT] CAPABILITY ?AN ,BRITA9 HAS 5JOY$ = MANY DECADES1 IF NOT EV]4 

,TRADE SANCTIONS >E COMMONLY 9/ITUT$ BY ! ,U4,S4 TO PRESSURE C\NTRIES ?AT HAVE COMMITT$ SOME GRIEV\S BREA* ( 9T]NATIONAL PEACE & SECURITY1 OR /& ACCUS$ ( 0/ATE SPONSOR%IP0 ( T]RORISM1 LIKE ,IRAQ1 ,LIBYA OR ,IRAN4 ,SOME ,AM]ICAN COMPANIES1 H[EV]1 HAVE MANAG$ TO W9 EXEMPTIONS TO RULES PREV5T+ TRADE ) !SE C\NTRIES4 ,UNSURPRIS+LY1 MO/ >E L>GE COMPANIES ) A COMM5SURATE LOBBY+ PRES5CE 9 ,WA%+TON4 ,KRAFT ,FOODS1 ,PEPSI & SOME ( ! NATION'S L>GE/ BANKS HAVE SECUR$ ?\S&S ( EXEMPTIONS = !IR PRODUCTS TO BE SOLD TO C\NTRIES LIKE ,IRAN1 ALL[+ !M TO DO BILLIONS ( DOLL>S ( BUS9ESS DESPITE T\< MEASURES TO PREV5T COMM]CE ) /ATES ?AT SPONSOR T]RORISM4 ,WRIGLEY'S *EW+ GUM WAS CLASS$ AS 0HUMANIT>IAN AID0 & ?US EXEMPT$ FROM SANCTIONS1 P]MITT+ MILLIONS ( DOLL>S ( SALES TO ,IRAN & O!R SANCTION$ C\NTRIES4 ,ONE (FICIAL LAT] ADMITT$ ?AT :ILE ! GOV]NM5T DEBAT$ :E!R *EW+ GUM C\NT$ AS FOOD1 & ?US W\LD BE EXEMPT1 LOBBYI/S TOO HAD PLAY$ !IR P>T3 0,WE W]E PROBABLY ROLL$ ON ?AT ISSUE BY \TSIDE =CES40.<#e#d.> 

,ON ANO!R PAT* ( ! C>PET1 ! OIL GIANT ,B,P REVEAL$ ?AT IT HAD 0EXPRESS$ CONC]N0 TO ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T AB\T SL[ PROGRESS 9 DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS BETWE5 ,LIBYA & ,BRITA9 ON ! TRANSF] ( PRISON]S1 ON ! GR\NDS ?AT IT MI<T NEGATIVELY AFFECT ,B,P'S OIL EXPLORATION CONTRACTS ) ! ,LIBYAN GOV]NM5T4 ,!SE CONTRACTS W]E WOR? @s#i MILLION4 ,! COMPANY CLAIM$ ?AT SU* AN EXPRESSION1 & 9DE$ ITS CONC]N1 HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! 9C>C]ATION ( ! ,LOCK]BIE BOMB] ,ABDELBASET AL-,MEGRAHI1 :OM ,LIBYA WAS CAMPAIGN+ TO HAVE TRANSF]R$ TO ,LIBYA FROM HIS ,SCOTTI% PRISON1 :]E HE HAD BE5 S5T5C$ TO LIFE IMPRISONM5T = ! #aihh ,LOCK]BIE BOMB+1 :I* KILL$ TWO HUNDR$ SEV5TY PEOPLE4 

,B,P ADMITT$ ITS 9T]V5TION ON ! PRISON] EX*ANGE ISSUE ONLY AFT] AL-,MEGRAHI'S TRANSF] TO ,LIBYA & FOLL[+ A PUBLIC \TCRY4 ,! DELAY 9 ! NEGOTIATION HAD BE5 CAUS$ BY ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T'S 9SI/5CE ?AT ! ,LOCK]BIE BOMB] BE EXCLUD$ FROM ! PRISON] TRANSF] AGREEM5T4 ,IT BACK$ D[N1 & NO EXCLUSION TO ! AGREEM5T WAS SPECIFI$4 ,AL-,MEGRAHI WAS TRANSF]R$1 MU* TO ! \TRAGE ( MANY ( ! FAMILIES ( ?OSE KILL$4 

,?ANKS TO PRESSURE FROM LOBBYI/S & AGRICULTURAL SPECIAL 9T]E/S1 ! ,U4,S4 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,AGRICULTURE HAS SP5T MILLIONS ( DOLL>S1 UND] BO? ,REPUBLICAN & ,DEMOCRATIC ADM9I/RATIONS1 5C\RAG+ ! CONSUMPTION ( *EESE1 9CLUD+ ! PROMOTION ( EXTRA-*EESE ,DOM9O'S PIZZAS :I* CONTA9 #d P]C5T MORE *EESE ?AN 0REGUL>0 PIZZAS4 ,PRESS+ ?IS FOOD/UFF UPON CONSUM]S IS DIRECTLY CONTR>Y TO ! 9T]E/S ( CITIZ5S !MSELVES1 :OSE CONSUMPTION ( *EESE1 & ) IT SATURAT$ FAT1 HAS TRIPL$ OV] ! LA/ ?IRTY YE>S4 ,O!R P>TS ( ! GOV]NM5T1 9CLUD+ ! ,AGRICULTURE ,DEP>TM5T'S [N NUTRITION COMMITTEE1 MEAN:ILE1 >E BUSY TELL+ ,AM]ICANS TO R$UCE !IR CONSUMPTION ( HI<LY SATURAT$ FATS4.<#e#e.>  ,P]V]SELY1 ! GOV]NM5T'S PROMOTION ( *EESE IS A DIRECT CONSEQU5CE ( CONSUM]S' GR[+ PREF]5CE = L[-FAT & NONFAT MILK & DAIRY PRODUCTS4 ,?IS HAS CREAT$ VA/ SURPLUSES ( :OLE MILK & MILK FAT1 :I* ! DAIRY 9DU/RY TURN$ TO ! GOV]NM5T TO HELP (FLOAD--AS HI< FAT *EESE4 ,?US1 EV5 AS CONSUM]S EX]CISE !IR [N *OICE TO EAT LESS FAT1 ! GOV]NM5T1 PRESSUR$ BY *EESE LOBBYI/S 7HIL>I\S BUT TRUE71 EXPLOITS ! CONSEQU5CE--UNUS$ HI<-FAT MILK & *EESE--TO P]SUADE ! CONSUM] TO EAT MORE ( IT4 

,9 A SIMIL> CASE 9 ,BRITA91 ! GOV]NM5T 9 #baa PUBLI%$ A LI/ ( HEAL?Y EAT+ GUIDEL9ES1 9CLUD+ ! ADVICE ?AT CONSUM]S %\LD EAT NO MORE ?AN #b4#e \NCES ( R$ & PROCESS$ MEAT P] DAY4 ,! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,HEAL? PRODUC$ A LI/ HELPFULLY 9DICAT+ SEV]AL MEATY ITEMS ALONGSIDE !IR RESPECTIVE WEI<TS4 ,ALONGSIDE A COOK$ BREAKFA/ & ! ,SUNDAY ROA/ & O!R COMMON MEALS1 ONLY TWO BR&$ PRODUCTS W]E M5TION$ BY NAME3 ,BIG ,MAC & ,PEP]AMI4 ,IT JU/ SO HAPP5$ ?AT BO? ITEMS CAME 9 UND] ! LIMIT4 ,! PREVI\S ,NOVEMB] ! GOV]NM5T HAD SET UP FIVE 0RESPONSIBILITY DEAL0 NETWORKS ) ! FOOD BUS9ESS TO COME UP ) HEAL? POLICIES4 ,AT ! TIME1 ?IS WAS CRITICIZ$ AS BE+ AK9 TO LETT+ ,BIG ,TOBACCO DRAFT SMOK+ POLICY4 ,TWO ( ! COMPANIES W]E ,MC,DONALD'S & ,UNILEV]1 :O HAPP5 TO BE ! MANUFACTUR]S ( ! ,BIG ,MAC & ,PEP]AMI1 RESPECTIVELY4.<#e#f.> 

,! POLITICAL SPACE IS MORE & MORE OCCUPI$ NOT BY CITIZ5S1 BUT BY BIG BUS9ESS & ! WEAL?Y4 ,NOT CONT5T ) ! PUR*ASE ( LOBBY+ P[] 9 \R NATIONS' CAPITALS1 OIL COMPANIES >E US+ ! POLITICAL TE*NIQUES ( 5VIRONM5TAL ACTIVI/S TO PROMOTE !IR [N 9T]E/S1 9 ?IS CASE TO PREV5T CURBS ON C>BON EMISSIONS4 ,9 A MEMO LEAK$ 9 #b#i1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,PETROLEUM ,9/ITUTE1 :I* REPRES5TS ! ,U4,S4 OIL 9DU/RY1 WROTE TO ITS MEMB] COMPANIES ASK+ !M TO 0MOVE AGGRESSIVELY0 TO /AGE UP TO TW5TY-TWO 0,5]GY ,CITIZ50 GA!R+S1 MO/LY LOCAT$1 IT TURN$ \T1 9 DI/RICTS ( REPRES5TATIVES ) SLIM MAJORITIES4 ,)\T IRONY1 ! MEMO DECL>$ ?AT ! OBJECTIVE ( ! DEMON/RATIONS1 :I* W\LD BE ORGANIZ$ & FUND$ BY ,A,P,I1 W\LD BE TO 0PUT A HUMAN FACE0 ON ! IMPACTS ( 0UNS\ND0 5]GY POLICY1 I4E41 EF=TS TO LIMIT CLIMATE *ANGE4 

,ELSE:]E1 WEAL?Y PHILAN?ROPI/S USE !IR F\NDATIONS1 & F9ANCIAL PULL1 TO PROMOTE !IR POLITICAL PREF]5CES4 ,! F\NDATION ( ,WALL ,/REET BILLIONAIRE & ,NIXON ADM9I/RATION ,COMM]CE ,SECRET>Y ,PET] ,G4 ,PET]SON1 = 9/ANCE1 IS SEEK+ TO ADDRESS ! ISSUE ( TAXES1 DEFICITS & FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY1 US+ ADV]TIS+ & PUBLIC APPE>ANCES BY F\NDATION EXP]TS TO $UCATE ! PUBLIC & 9CREASE 5GAGEM5T ON ! ISSUE ( ! FISCAL DEFICIT4 ,! F\NDATION'S WEBSITE (F]S SAMPLE OP-$ >TICLES & LETT]S TO PUBLIC (FICIALS & $ITORS1 SOME ( :I* HAVE APPE>$ 9 NEWSPAP]S4 ,ALL MEMB]S ( ,CONGRESS RECEIV$ A COPY ( A REPORT BY ! F\NDATION4.<#e#g.>  ,?IS IS AN 9T]E/+ TWI/ ON ! TRADITIONAL UND]/&+ ( PHILAN?ROPY2 SOME F\NDATIONS N[ ACT--) TAX-FREE B5EFITS--AS A K9D ( 0=CE MULTIPLI]0 = ! POLITICAL PREF]5CES ( ! 0PHILAN?ROPI/40 ,!SE ACTIVITIES MAY BE B5EFIC5T1 SU* AS ,BILL ,GATES'S EF=TS TO IMPROVE S*OOL CURRICULUMS1 OR MALIGNANT1 BUT EI!R =M ( 9FLU5CE %>ES ONE COMMON *>ACT]I/IC--IT IS ACC\NTABLE TO NO ONE4 

,IT IS NOT ONLY BIG BUS9ESS ?AT 5GAGES 9 ! LOBBY+ BUS9ESS4 ,TO COMPETE 9 ! OV]CR[D$ & CACOPHON\S HALLS ( MOD]N 0DEMOCRATIC0 LEGISLATURES1 ANYONE ) AN AX TO GR9D HAS TO FOLL[ ! SAME TACTICS4 ,AT 9T]NATIONAL CONF]5CES1 9V>IABLY !RE >E N[ 0,N,G,O =UMS0 TO ACCOMMODATE ! SCORES & SOMETIMES HUNDR$S--AS AT ! ,COP5HAG5 CLIMATE CONF]5CE--( ORGANIZATIONS ) VIEWS TO PRES5T4 ,!RE IS NO ASSESSM5T ( ! DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY ( !SE GR\PS3 ,SOME REPRES5T MANY MILLIONS ( MEMB]S2 O!RS >E T9Y1 & REPRES5T NOBODY AP>T FROM !MSELVES4 ,! MORE SKILLFUL USE DIRECT TACTICS TO GET !IR MESSAGE ACROSS TO LEGISLATORS3 ,! ,NATIONAL ,RIFLE ,ASSOCIATION1 ONE ( ! MO/ ACCOMPLI%$ AT ?IS PRACTICE1 MA9TA9S AN ONL9E RO/] ( ! VOT+ PATT]NS ( MEMB]S ( ,CONGRESS1 0SCOR+0 !M ACCORD+ TO !IR SUPPORT (--OR HO/ILITY TO--PRO-GUN POSITIONS4 ,SU* TACTICS >E N[ BECOM+ COMMONPLACE ACROSS ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM4 

,! NUMB] ( NONPR(ITS 9 ! ,U4,S4 HAS 9CREAS$ BY OV] #c P]C5T BETWE5 #aiif & #b#h1 TO WELL OV] #a4#e MILLION4.<#e#h.>  ,SU* ORGANIZATIONS >E TODAY MORE LIKELY TO BE LOCAT$ 9 ,WA%+TON & HAVE A SUBSCRIB] BASE ( MEMB]S :O PAY DUES BUT DO NOT ATT5D OR P>TICIPATE 9 LOCAL MEET+S4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 SIMIL> TR5DS 9 ,BRITA94 ,SU* ORGANIZATIONS >E 9 EFFECT TURN+ POLITICAL ACTIVITY 9TO A BUS9ESS1 :AT SOME HAVE CALL$ A 0BUS9ESS ( PROTE/40 ,! ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL = MANY CONTEMPOR>Y POLITICAL NONPR(IT ORGANIZATIONS N[ RESEMBLES ?AT ( A COMM]CIAL BUS9ESS1 :I* DEF9ES ITS T>GET AUDI5CE1 PUR*ASES RELEVANT MAIL+ LI/S & ADV]TIS+ TO REA* ?AT AUDI5CE1 & ASKS M9IMAL P>TICIPATION 7USUALLY JU/ MEMB]%IP FEES7 FROM !M TO A*IEVE !IR LOBBY+ GOALS4.<#e#i.>  ,:]EAS ACTIVE P>TICIPATION 9 COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS CORRELATES ) POLITICAL P>TICIPATION1 !RE >E NO SU* 0POSITIVE EXT]NALITIES0 ( PAY+ MEMB]%IP DUES TO A NONPR(IT4 ,9 ESS5CE1 WE >E CONTRACT+ \T POLITICS TO BE DONE BY O!RS4 

,COMMON TO !SE 9T]E/ GR\PS IS ?AT !Y >E 9 G5]AL FOCUS$ ON S+LE1 N>R[ ISSUES3 GUN RI<TS1 FUEL TAXES1 5VIRONM5TAL PROTECTION1 ABORTION RI<TS4 ,!IR AGGRESSIVE TACTICS & %E] NUMB]S FILL ! DOME/IC POLITICAL SPACE & HAVE CREAT$ A NEW CULTURE ( POLITICS1 :]E LEGISLATORS >E CONFRONT$ ) A PANOPLY ( GR\PS & LOBBYI/S1 ]ECT+ A K9D ( WALL BETWE5 !M & 9DIVIDUAL VOT]S4 

,SU* GR\PS ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO A GR[+ & UNPLEASANT EXTREMISM 9 POLITICAL DEBATE4 ,ADEPT AT ONE-SID$ PRES5TATION ( ! EVID5CE1 !SE GR\PS ADVOCATE BLACK-&-:ITE POSITIONS ) AGGRESSIVE VIGOR & >MFULS ( ONE-SID$ RESE>*--(T5 REPRES5T+ ?OSE :O OPPOSE !M AS FOOLI% & SOMETIMES EVIL4 ,! COMPROMISES 9H]5TLY NECESS>Y 9 POLITICAL DECISION MAK+ ?US BECOME H>D]2 DEADLOCK BECOMES LIKELI]4 ,FACTS & REASON$ ANALYSIS >E 9V>IABLY ! VICTIMS4 

,ONE EFFECT ( !SE TR5DS IS ! POL>IZ+ RISE ( P>TIZAN%IP4 ,MANY HAVE COMM5T$ ON ! GR[+ UGL9ESS & VITUP]ATION ( PUBLIC DEBATE4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME 9 LIV+ MEMORY1 A LAWMAK] %\T$1 0,Y\ LIE60 AT ! ,U4,S4 PRESID5T :5 HE SPOKE TO BO? H\SES ( ,CONGRESS4 ,IT IS A LONG WAY FROM ! ME?OD ( ! ,9DIAN 0TALK+ /ICK10 9TRODUC$ BY ! ,IROQUOIS TO ,B5 ,FRANKL91 & REPORT$LY US$ BY ,AM]ICA'S ,F\ND+ ,FA!RS1 :I* REQUIRES P>TICIPANTS TO BE ABLE TO >TICULATE ONE ANO!R'S POSITION BE=E HAV+ A *ANCE TO SPEAK4 

,AT ! CONS]VATIVE ,NATIONAL ,REVIEW1 :I* HAD PRID$ ITSELF ON ITS HI<-M9D$ & ?\<TFUL DEBATE1 ! COLUMNI/ ,KA?LE5 ,P>K] RECEIV$ ELEV5 ?\S& E-MAIL MESSAGES :5 %E >GU$ 9 AN >TICLE DUR+ ! #bh PRESID5TIAL CAMPAIGN ?AT ,GOV]NOR ,S>AH ,PAL9 WAS UNFIT TO BE VICE PRESID5T4 ,ONE MESSAGE LAM5T$ ?AT H] MO!R DID NOT ABORT H]4.<#f.>  ,ON ! ,9T]NET1 :I* SOME EXTOLL = ITS 9VIGORAT+ HET]OG5EITY & DEBATE1 IT IS CLE> ?AT ! OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE3 ,ONL9E1 PEOPLE T5D TO *OOSE VIEWS ?AT CONFIRM !IR [N4.<#f#a.>  ,!RE >E EV5 DAT+ SITES TO ACCOMMODATE LONELY HE>TS DI/+UI%$ BY !IR POLITICAL VIEWS4 

,9 ,BRITA91 REC5T ELECTIONS SAW ! FIR/ EV] ACCESSION TO A P>LIAM5T>Y SEAT--9 ! ,EUROPEAN ,P>LIAM5T--( A F>-RI<T P>TY ) ! VICTORY ( ! ,BRITI% ,NATIONAL ,P>TY4 ,9 ! ,U4,S41 ,REPUBLICANS & ,DEMOCRATS >E 9CREAS+LY *OOS+ TO LIVE AP>T FROM ONE ANO!R1 & LOCATE !MSELVES ) O!RS ( SIMIL> POLITICAL VIEWS4.<#f#b.>  ,R$ & BLUE >E N[ MORE />KLY DRAWN ?AN EV]4.<#a#f#d.> 

,! POL>IZATION ( POLITICAL VIEWS1 ! 9T]CESSION ( BUS9ESS1 LOBBYI/S & 9T]E/ GR\PS BETWE5 VOT]S & !IR REPRES5TATIVES1 ! GR[+ NUMB] & P[] ( POLITICAL ACTORS :O >E NEI!R POLITICIANS NOR CONV5TIONAL POLITICAL P>TIES1 NOR ACC\NTABLE TO ANYONE BUT !MSELVES YET NONE!LESS WIELD CONSID]ABLE 9FLU5CE--TOGE!R1 !SE FACTORS SUGGE/ A DEEP5+ DIVIDE BETWE5 ! PUBLIC & !IR NOM9AL REPRES5TATIVES4 ,!Y SUGGE/ NO?+ LESS ?AN A CRISIS 9 DEMOCRACY4 

,! PACT BETWE5 CITIZ5 & GOV]NM5T IS NEV] EXPLICIT4 ,Y\ CAN SP5D AN 5TIRE LIFE PAY+ TAXES1 OBEY+ LAWS1 )\T ONCE BE+ ASK$ :E!R Y\ WI% TO CONTRACT 9TO OR \T ( IT4 ,GOV]NM5T 9SI/S UPON Y\R REGI/RATION AT BIR?1 & TO BE NOTIFI$ UPON Y\R DEA?4 ,AT NO PO9T DOES IT SEEK Y\R CONS5T4 ,Y\ NEV] GET ! *ANCE TO CONTRACT 9TO ! PACT3 ,Y\R P>5TS >E LEGALLY OBLIG$ TO DO SO ON Y\R BEHALF :E!R !Y LIKE IT OR NOT4 ,& !RE IS ONLY ONE WAY TO CONTRACT \T4 

,! PACT RE/S ON ONE C5TRAL PILL> 7&1 ODDLY1 IT IS ! SAME :E!R A C\NTRY IS DEMOCRATIC OR NOT7--?AT GOV]NM5T MORE OR LESS REPRES5TS ! COLLECTIVE 9T]E/S ( ! POPULACE4 ,! DEMOCRATIC PROCESS PROVIDES--9 !ORY AT LEA/--= CONT9UAL FE$BACK1 AS ,K>L ,POPP] ONCE !ORIZ$1 FROM GOV]N$ TO GOV]NORS1 ! ONLY WAY1 ,POPP] BELIEV$1 TO OPTIMIZE POLICY SO ?AT IT REFLECTS ! NE$S & PREF]5CES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,BUT IF ?AT FE$BACK IS 9T]RUPT$1 GOV]NM5T POLICY1 AT BE/ APPROXIMATE TO ! COLLECTIVE WI%ES ( ! PEOPLE1 />TS TO DIV]GE4 ,PEOPLE & GOV]NM5T BECOME E/RANG$4 ,:5 ?IS HAPP5S1 ! PACT BREAKS D[N4 ,! EVID5CE IS ACCUMULAT+ 9 ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY ?AT ?IS IS 9DE$ HAPP5+4 

,IF GOV]NM5T CANNOT PROVIDE = ! /ABILITY1 SAFETY & JU/ >BITRATION ( \R COMMON AFFAIRS1 :O CAN8 ,! ANSW] IS BO? RADICAL & DISCOM=T+4 ,= !RE IS ONLY ONE ALT]NATIVE IF GOV]NM5T CANNOT SUCCESSFULLY PROVIDE3 ,WE MU/ DO SO \RSELVES4 ,SELF-ORGANIZ$ GOV]NM5T IS ONE T]M2 ANO!R1 RA!R MORE LOAD$ T]M1 IS AN>*ISM4 

,BUT ?IS IS NOT ! AN>*ISM ( E>LY TW5TIE?-C5TURY BOMB-WIELD+ ,RUSSIANS1 OR NIHILI/S *>G+ POLICE L9ES AT ,G#h SUMMITS4 ,IT IS A DIFF]5T VISION1 ( 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS PEACEFULLY ORGANIZ+ !IR AFFAIRS1 >BITRAT+ NECESS>Y BUS9ESS DIRECTLY ) ONE ANO!R1 GUID$ BY !IR CONVICTION & DIRECT EXP]I5CE--NOT BY P>TY POLITICAL DOGMA4 ,IT IS MORE EVOLUTION ?AN REVOLUTION1 = IT IS DAWN+ ON PEOPLE ACROSS ! WORLD ?AT 9 ORD] TO FIX \R PROBLEMS1 !RE IS NO ONE TO LOOK TO BUT \RSELVES4 ,! M9IMALI/ ACT ( VOT+ IS LOOK+ LESS & LESS ADEQUATE AS A SOLUTION4 

,?IS VISION MAY ANIMATE PEOPLE1 BUT IT DOES NOT PRESCRIBE4 ,9/EAD1 ?IS NEW WAY ( DO+ ?+S IS JU/ ?AT--A WAY ( DO+ ?+S1 A ME?OD1 & EMPHATICALLY NOT AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 NOR A DESIGN TO BE IMPOS$ UPON O!RS4 ,ONLY A FOOL W\LD WI% ! ABRUPT OR VIOL5T OV]?R[ ( ! CURR5T SY/EM1 = ! C]TA9 RESULT W\LD BE VIOL5T *AOS--AN>*Y ( ! WOR/ K9D4 

,BUT IF IT'S TRUE ?AT GOV]NM5T IS LESS & LESS ABLE TO MANAGE \R COLLECTIVE AFFAIRS1 IT SEEMS WE HAVE LITTLE *OICE BUT TO TAKE ?AT BURD5 UPON \R [N %\LD]S4 ,WE MU/ LE>N ANEW TO LOOK TO \RSELVES TO PRODUCE ! EFFECTS WE DESIRE1 TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY = \RSELVES & = O!RS1 & TO COOP]ATE & NEGOTIATE ) EA* O!R1 9/EAD ( LEAV+ ?AT >BITRATION TO AN EVID5TLY IMP]FECT ME*ANISM4 ,AS !SE HABITS SPREAD1 A NEW & MORE DURABLE ORD] MAY EM]GE1 NOT--AS N[--LEGISLAT$ FROM ABOVE BUT BUILT FROM ! GR\ND UP1 BY PEOPLE ACT+ UPON !IR BELIEFS & 5GAG+ ) EA* O!R4 

,= CURI\SLY1 IT IS P]PETUATION ( ! EXI/+ WAY ( DO+ ?+S1 NOT AN>*ISM1 ?AT MAY POSE ! GREAT] RISK TO \R PEACE & SECURITY4 ,IT IS ! ALI5ATION ( GOV]NM5T FROM PEOPLE1 & US FROM EA* O!R1 ?AT MORE 5DANG]S \R FRAGILE /ABILITY4 ,IT IS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ?IS IS ! COMMONE/ CRITICISM ( AN>*ISM1 ?AT IT 5G5D]S DISORD]1 ?AT ,AN>*Y "7 ,*AOS4 ,LET US EXAM9E ?IS1 MO/ S]I\S1 OBJECTION TO ?IS DIFF]5T WAY ( DO+ ?+S4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 

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