,*APT] #h 
,KILL ! ,K+6 ,N9E ,PR9CIPLES = ,ACTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>NE ,ROSS 

,TEXT 3 

#h4 ,KILL ! ,K+6 ,N9E ,PR9CIPLES = ,ACTION 

,SO MU* = ALL ! !ORY1 /ORIES & IDEAS444 :AT IS TO BE DONE8 ,H]E IS A %ORT LI/ ( PR9CIPLES ?AT MAY GUIDE ACTION1 ALONG ) A FEW PRACTICAL EXAMPLES4 ,! PR9CIPLES >E BY NO MEANS EXCLUSIVE OR COMPREH5SIVE3 M]E PO9T]S1 NOT 9/RUCTIONS4 

#a4 ,LOCATE Y\R CONVICTIONS4 

,?IS IS P]HAPS ! H>DE/ /EP1 & ,I HAVE ! LEA/ USEFUL TO SAY AB\T IT 7AP>T FROM ,G&HI'S & ,CLAUDETTE ,COLV9'S EXAMPLES1 CIT$ E>LI]74 ,?IS MU/ BE AN 9DIVIDUAL DISCOV]Y ( :AT Y\ C>E MO/ AB\T4 ,& ?IS IS ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL PO9T3 ,DO NOT LET O!RS TELL Y\ :AT TO C>E AB\T4 ,?IS CAN ONLY BE A LEAD]LESS REVOLUTION1 IF IT IS TO SUCCE$4 ,MAKE UP Y\R [N M9D4 ,EXAM9E Y\R [N REACTIONS4 ,?IS IS DIFFICULT 9 ! BANALITY YET UBIQUITY ( CONTEMPOR>Y CULTURE1 ) ITS CACOPHONY ( VOICES & OP9ION4 ,SPACE = CONTEMPLATION IS ALL TOO R>E4 ,BUT H]E'S ONE SUGGE/ION :I* IS D\BTLESS REVEAL+ ( MY [N DYSPEPTIC DISPOSITION3 ,:AT MAKES Y\ ANGRY8 ,:AT NEV] FAILS TO IRRITATE Y\ = ITS /UPIDITY & 9JU/ICE8 ,?AT MAY BE ?+ Y\ %\LD TAKE UP >MS AGA9/4 ,IT WAS = ME1 & ANG] PUTS FUEL 9 ! TANK4 

#b4 ,:O'S GOT ! MONEY1 :O'S GOT ! GUN8 

,BE=E TAK+ ACTION1 ASSESS ! L&SCAPE4 ,?IS SIMPLE AXIOM WILL PO9T TO ! MA9 S\RCES ( 9FLU5CE1 & OB/ACLES4 ,?ANKS TO ! ,9T]NET1 IT IS N[ POSSIBLE TO DISCOV] PRETTY RAPIDLY :O HAS A /AKE 9 ANY GIV5 SITUATION1 & ?US :O MI<T ALT] IT4 ,:5 REVOLT AGA9/ ! DICTATORIAL RULE ( ,COLONEL ,MUAMM> ,GADHAFI BROKE \T 9 ,LIBYA 9 ,FEBRU>Y #b#a#a1 9=MATION ON :I* COMPANIES W]E DO+ BUS9ESS ) HIS REGIME WAS AVAILABLE 9 DETAIL1 TRIGG]+ IMM$IATE PRESSURE = !SE COMPANIES & 9DIVIDUALS TO DIS5GAGE4 ,! SAME WEEK ?AT ! REVOLT BROKE \T1 SEV]AL MAJOR OIL COMPANIES ANN\NC$ !IR REFUSAL TO DO BUS9ESS ) ! REGIME1 UND] PRESSURE FROM !IR [N 9VE/ORS ORGANIZ$ BY A CAMPAIGN GR\P1 ! ,G5OCIDE ,9T]V5TION ,NETWORK4 ,! ,SUNLI<T ,F\NDATION PUBLI%$ A *>T ( ! LOBBYI/S1 9CLUD+ =M] CONGRESSM51 :O W]E PAID BY ,GADHAFI TO PROMOTE HIS 9T]E/S4 ,! DIRECTOR ( ! ,LONDON ,S*OOL ( ,ECONOMICS WAS =C$ TO RESIGN JU/ DAYS AFT] ! REVOLT BEGAN :5 IT WAS REVEAL$ ?AT HIS UNIV]SITY HAD RECEIV$ SUB/ANTIAL FUNDS FROM ! REGIME TO TRA9 ITS ELITES4 ,ONE WELCOME CONSEQU5CE ( ! VA/ ME% ( CONNECTIONS ?AT ! GLOBALIZ$ WORLD N[ COMPRISES IS ?AT EV5 DI/ANT SITUATIONS MAY BE AFFECT$ BY ACTORS CLOSE TO HOME1 :O MAY BE SUSCEPTIBLE TO PRESSURE4 ,F9D !M1 USE IT4 

#c4 ,ACT AS IF ! MEANS >E ! 5D4 

,9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#f#h1 ,SOVIET TANKS 5T]$ ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA1 CRU%+ ! 0,PRAGUE SPR+0 ( GR[+ POLITICAL FRE$OM4 ,MASSIVELY \TGUNN$ BY ! ,SOVIET TANK COLUMNS1 ! ,CZE*OSLOVAK >MY GAVE WAY4 ,DEMON/RATORS ATTACK$ ! TANKS 9 CITY SQU>ES ) /ONES & PETROL BOMBS4 ,! ,SOVIET TROOPS RESPOND$ ) MA*9E-GUN FIRE4 ,ONE PROTE/+ /UD5T SET HIMSELF ON FIRE 9 ,PRAGUE'S ,W5CESLAS ,SQU>E4 ,?\S&S W]E >RE/$1 MANY TO BE IMPRISON$ = LONG S5T5CES4 ,! LEAD] :O HAD 5C\RAG$ ! LIB]ALIZATION1 ,ALEX&] ,DUBEK1 WAS =C$ TO CAPITULATE1 UND] DURESS SIGN+ AN AGREEM5T ) ,MOSC[ TO REV]SE ! RE=MS4 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA 5DUR$ MORE ?AN ANO!R TW5TY YE>S ( ,COMMUNISM BE=E DEMOCRACY AT LA/ DAWN$4 

,?AT SUMM] ( '#f#h1 ?\S&S ( ,CZE*OSLOVAK /UD5TS HAD TRAVEL$ ABROAD TO WORK4 ,! 9VASION LEFT !M /R&$4 ,AMONG !M WAS ,P41 :O SP5T ! SUMM] PICK+ FRUIT 9 ,K5T4 ,! ,SOVIET 9VASION GAVE HIM A T]RIBLE *OICE3 ,%\LD HE /AY 9 ,BRITA91 OR RETURN TO ,COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP8 ,COMP\ND+ HIS DILEMMA1 HE HAD NO:]E TO /AY4 ,A /ORY 9 ,! ,TIMES REPORT$ ON ! PR$ICAM5T ( ! /R&$ /UD5TS3 ,AN ORGANIZATION WAS QUICKLY SET UP TO F9D !M %ELT]4 

,MY P>5TS READ ! /ORY & DECID$ TO (F] REFUGE TO ! ,CZE*OSLOVAK /UD5T1 ,P41 :O >RIV$ %ORTLY AFT]W>DS4 ,?\< MY P>5TS ?AT SUMM] W]E C>+ = ?REE *ILDR5 UND] F\R 7MY BRO!R & ,I >E TW9S1 MY SI/] ONLY TW5TY-?REE MON?S OLD]71 & HAD MORE ?AN 5\< ON !IR PLATE1 !Y GAVE ,P4 A B$4 ,HE /AY$ = SEV]AL WEEKS :ILE CONSID]+ :AT TO DO4 ,AFT] MU* AGONIZ+1 HE EV5TUALLY DECID$ TO /AY 9 ,5GL&4 ,BY *ANCE1 HE HAD HIT*$ A LIFT FROM A PR(ESSOR AT ,W>WICK ,UNIV]SITY4 ,?AT PR(ESSOR LIK$ ,P4 & (F]$ HIM A PLACE ON HIS C\RSE4 ,P4'S /UDIES W]E DULY >RANG$ & HE COMPLET$ HIS DEGREE1 FREQU5TLY SP5D+ HIS HOLIDAYS AT \R H\SE 9 ,S\? ,LONDON4 ,HE W5T ON TO BECOME AN EXP]T 9 FI% /ORAGE4 ,! FA!R ( TWO *ILDR51 HE N[ LIVES 9 ,SCOTL&4 

,?IRTY YE>S LAT] MY P>5TS GAVE REFUGE ONCE MORE1 ?IS TIME TO A ,ZIMBABWEAN ESCAP+ ! REPRESSIVE RULE ( ,ROB]T ,MUGABE4 ,N[ !Y W]E LIV+ 9 A SMALL] FLAT1 !IR *ILDR5 LONG HAV+ FL[N ! NE/4 ,MY FA!R RECALL$ ?AT IT WASN'T AS SIMPLE AS GIV+ ,P4 A ROOM BACK 9 #a#i#f#h4 ,ASYLUM LAWS 9 ,BRITA9 >E N[ /RICTLY 5=C$4 ,MY FA!R WAS REQUIR$ REGUL>LY TO REPORT TO ! LOCAL POLICE /ATION ?AT ,NGONI WAS 9DE$ /AY+ ) !M & HAD NOT ABSCOND$4 ,F9D+ /UDY OPPORTUNITIES & WORK WAS ALSO H>D]1 ?\< NOT IMPOSSIBLE4 7,UNIV]SITIES & O!R SU* $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS >E TODAY !MSELVES REQUIR$ TO *ECK ! LEGAL /ATUS ( !IR =EIGN /UD5TS1 & REPORT ANY NONCOMPLIANCE1 ?US1 9 EFFECT1 MAK+ !M >MS ( ! /ATE47 

,I ASK$ MY P>5TS :Y !Y HAD TAK5 ,P4 94 ,NEI!R C\LD REALLY REMEMB]1 ANSW]+ MY QUE/ION ) VAGUE RESPONSES LIKE 0,WE C\LD0 OR 0,IT FELT LIKE A GOOD ?+ TO DO40 ,N[ ) MY [N SMALL *ILDR51 & EXHAU/$ BY ! TASKS ( !IR C>E1 ,I M>VEL AT MY P>5TS' HOSPITALITY4 

,LIFE IS AB\T MEANS1 NOT 5DS4 ,!RE IS NO UTOPIA TO BE GA9$1 !RE IS NO 5D-/ATE ?AT IS /ATIC & ET]NAL1 ONCE ACCOMPLI%$4 ,?IS WAS ONE ( ! GREAT LIES ( ,COMMUNISM4 ,LIKEWISE1 CAPITALISM (F]S ! GREAT DECEPTION ?AT ?ANKS TO ITS MA*9ATIONS EV]YONE WILL BE RI*] 9 ! FUTURE1 ?US JU/IFY+ GROSS 9EQUALITY & HUMILIATION TODAY4 

,9/EAD IT'S ALL H]E1 & IT'S ALL N[4 ,NIRVANA TOMORR[ DOES NOT JU/IFY AVOIDABLE SUFF]+ N[4 ,WE & \R WORLD >E 9 CON/ANT MOTION1 RESPOND+ TO EA* O!R )\T CEASE4 ,?IS IS ONE REASON :Y ,FRANCIS ,FUKUYAMA WAS WRONG TO DECL>E 0,! ,5D ( ,HI/ORY0 ) ! TRIUMPH ( LIB]AL DEMOCRACIES AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( COMMUNISM4 ,NO FIX$ /ATE ( AFFAIRS LA/S =EV]4 

#d4 ,REF] TO ! ,COSMOPOLITAN ,CRIT]ION4 

,?IS IS A PRET5TI\S WAY ( SAY+ GIVE CONSID]ATION TO ! NE$S ( O!RS1 BUT BAS$ UPON :AT !Y SAY >E !IR NE$S1 NOT :AT WE ?9K !IR NE$S >E4 ,! SO-CALL$ ,GOLD5 ,RULE /ATES ?AT Y\ %\LD DO TO O!RS AS Y\ W\LD BE DONE TO4 ,?IS RULE IS (T5 LAZILY T\T$ AS A UNIV]SAL RULE APPLICABLE 9 ALL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,?IS RULE IS 9 FACT DRAMATICALLY WRONG1 = IT ASSUMES ?AT WE KN[ :AT !Y WANT OR NE$4 ,?IS LOGIC1 TAK5 TO ITS EXTREME1 LEADS TO ! >ROGANT VIOL5CE ( ! NEOCONS]VATIVES1 :O BELIEVE ?AT !Y HAVE ! RI<T TO USE =CE 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ?OSE !Y >E ATTACK+1 TO KILL PEOPLE = !IR [N GOOD4 ,! 9VASION ( ,IRAQ WAS CLE>LY MOTIVAT$ BY ?IS LOGIC3 ?AT ! ,IRAQI PEOPLE NE$$ DEMOCRACY1 EV5 AT ! CO/ ( !IR [N LIVES 7WE KN[ ( C\RSE ?AT ! REASON WAS NOT TO COMBAT AN IMM95T ?REAT74.<#a#d#h.>  ,A HUNDR$ ?\S& PEOPLE & P]HAPS MORE DI$ AS A RESULT4 ,9/ABILITY WAS TRIGG]$ ?AT 5DURES1 ) ACCOMPANY+ VIOL5CE1 TO ?IS DAY4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ?OSE ADVOCAT+ ! W> NEV] CONSULT$ ?OSE :O W\LD DO ! DY+ = !IR L(TY GOALS1 :E!R ALLI$ SOLDI]S OR ,IRAQ'S CIVILIANS4 

,!RE IS 9/EAD A MU* SIMPL] WAY TO DECIDE :AT TO DO & H[ TO CALIBRATE Y\R [N ACTION4 ,ASK PEOPLE :AT !Y WANT4 ,!Y >E USUALLY MORE ?AN WILL+ TO TELL Y\4 

,) ! ,9T]NET1 UBIQUIT\S MOBILE PHONES & ,FACEBOOK1 IT IS NO LONG] CR$IBLE TO CLAIM ?AT WE CANNOT F9D \T :AT PEOPLE 0OV] !RE0 >E ?9K+4 ,DUR+ ! ,>AB REVOLUTIONS ( E>LY #b#a#a1 PRO-DEMOCRACY PROTE/]S BROADCA/ !IR TWEETS DIRECT FROM ,CAIRO'S ,TAHRIR ,SQU>E1 !IR COMPELL+ #a#d-*>ACT] MESSAGES %ATT]+ G5]ATIONS-OLD ,WE/]N /]EOTYPES ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ & ! 0,>AB /REET40 ,WEBSITES LIKE ,GLOBAL ,VOICES N[ AGGREGATE CITIZ5 REPORTS FROM ALL OV] ! WORLD1 BUT FROM CLOSE TO ! GR\ND4 ,& ?OSE VOICES >E CLE> & FRE% & URG5T4 

#e4 ,ADDRESS ?OSE SUFF]+ ! MO/4 

,A FEW YE>S AGO1 MY WIFE & ,I TRAVEL$ TO NOR!RN ,MALI1 TO ! S\!RN REA*ES ( ! ,SAH>A DES]T NOR? ( ,TIMBUKTU4 ,WE W]E ON \R HONEYMOON4 ,WE DECID$ TO TAKE A CAMEL T\R ) SOME ,TU>EG TRIBESM52 ! TRIP APPEAL$ TO \R S5SE ( ADV5TURE4 ,! CAMELS C>RI$ US F> FROM ,TIMBUKTU 9TO A ROMANTIC L&SCAPE ( TRACKLESS DES]T WA/ES4 

,AS NI<T FELL1 WE W]E BR\<T TO A ,TU>EG 5CAMPM5T4 ,IT TURN$ \T TO BE ! T5T$ HOME ( \R GUIDE1 A Y\NG ,TU>EG MAN :O WORE LOOSE ROBES & A TURBAN ( DEEP BLUE COTTON1 W\ND >\ND HIS HEAD & NECK TO PROTECT HIM FROM ! BLA/+ RAYS ( ! SUN4 ,WE SLEPT UND] A VA/ & MAGNIFIC5T CANOPY ( />S1 \R BAGGAGE /ACK$ >\ND US AS A B>RICADE AGA9/ ! CAMELS1 :O HAD BE5 KN[N TO TREAD UPON SLEEP+ HUMANS4 

,WE AWOKE TO A CLE> & SIL5T DAWN1 & W&]$ TO ! T5TS TO JO9 \R GUIDE & HIS FAMILY = BREAKFA/4 ,& H]E ! ROMANCE BEGAN TO %ATT]4 ,! GUIDE'S Y\NG WIFE SAT ) H] BABY UND] A R\< SCRE54 ,! PREVI\S EV5+1 9 ! D>K1 !IR %ELT] HAD APPE>$ AS A ROBU/ CANVAS T5T4 ,BUT IT TURN$ \T TO BE A PAT*WORK ( PLA/IC & BURLAP SACKS4 ,! Y\NG WOMAN & H] BABY W]E BESIEG$ 9CESSANTLY BY L>GE SW>MS ( FLIES1 :I* W\LD L& 9 WAVES UPON H] & H] SLEEP+ BABY'S FACE4 ,! WOMAN1 CLE>LY EXHAU/$1 P]HAPS BY HUNG] OR ILLNESS WE C\LD NOT TELL1 LI/LESSLY SWATT$ ! FLIES AWAY1 BUT !Y W\LD SETTLE NONE!LESS ON ! BABY'S EYES & LIPS1 9 SW>MS SO ?ICK !Y APPE>$ AS A BLANKET ON ! POOR *ILD'S FACE4 

,%OCK$1 MY WIFE & ,I DRANK \R TEA & ATE \R BREAD 9 SIL5CE4 ,! GUIDE'S FA!R JO9$ US4 ,TALK+ TO HIS SON1 HE W\LD ) HORRIBLE FREQU5CY EMIT AN AWFUL HACK+ C\<4 ,AS HE C\<$1 HE D\BL$ OV] 9 PA91 HIS ?ROAT BROADCA/+ ! MO/ DISGU/+ S\NDS ( COLLECT+ PHLEGM & BLOOD1 :I* HE W\LD P]IODICALLY SPIT ONTO ! S& BY ! FIRE4 ,HE CLE>LY HAD TUB]CULOSIS OR SOME O!R S]I\S RESPIRATORY DISEASE4 ,HE WAS DESP]ATELY ?91 & APPE>$ 5FEEBL$ TO ! PO9T ( DEA?4 

,CONV]S+ 9 BROK5 ,FR5* ) ! GUIDE1 WE ASK$ :AT WAS WRONG4 ,! Y\NG MAN ANSW]$ ?AT HE DIDN'T KN[4 ,! OLD MAN HAD NEV] SE5 A DOCTOR4 ,BUT1 ! GUIDE SAID1 HE HAD SOME DRUGS4 ,HE SPOKE TO ! OLD MAN :O PULL$ \T A HALF-US$ PACKET ( P>ACETAMOL1 ITS USE-BY DATE LONG PA/4 ,P]HAPS1 V5TUR$ ! Y\NG MAN1 WE C\LD GIVE ANY DRUGS WE MI<T HAVE4 ,( C\RSE WE OBLIG$ & 5D$ UP H&+ OV] P]HAPS A C\PLE ( HUNDR$ DOLL>S TO ! GUIDE1 9 EXCESSIVE PAYM5T = ! TRIP4 ,! OLD MAN HAD NOTIC$ MY SPECTACLES & EXCLAIM$ 9 DELI<T :5 ,I H&$ !M TO HIM TO TRY4 ,I GAVE HIM !SE TOO 7,I HAD A SP>E PAIR74 

,WE W]E APPALL$ & UPSET BY ?IS 5C\NT] ) DESP]ATE POV]TY4 ,WE W]E GLAD TO RETURN FROM ! CAMEL TRIP4 ,AFT] LEAV+ ,MALI 7TO BE HONE/1 ) SOME RELIEF71 H[EV]1 WE HAVE NOT HAD ANY FUR!R CONTACT ) ! GUIDE OR HIS FAMILY4 ,WE GIVE SOME MONEY TO *>ITY ON A REGUL> BASIS1 BUT IT IS NOT 9 TRU? V]Y MU*1 & C]TA9LY NOT 5\< TO OCCASION US ANY SIGNIFICANT LIMITS ON \R [N CONSUMPTION4 

,H[ %\LD ONE RESPOND TO SUFF]+8 ,CONSID] TWO CONTRA/+ ANSW]S TO ?IS QUE/ION4 ,9 A REC5T BOOK1 ! PHILOSOPH] ,PET] ,S+] USES AN EXAMPLE TO ILLU/RATE \R OBLIGATION TO O!RS1 9CLUD+ ?OSE F> AWAY :O MAY BE UNKN[N TO US4.<#a#d#i.>  ,A SMALL GIRL IS DR[N+ 9 A LAKE 9 FRONT ( Y\ & Y\ >E ! ONLY P]SON :O CAN RESCUE ! *ILD4 ,Y\ >E1 H[EV]1 WE>+ @s#d %OES :I* WILL BE RU9$ IF Y\ DOVE 9 TO RESCUE ! GIRL4 ,S+] BELIEVES1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ! ANSW] TO SU* A DILEMMA IS CLE> & ACCEPT$ BY ALMO/ EV]YONE3 ,Y\ MU/ DOVE 9 TO SAVE ! *ILD1 BUT RU9 ! %OES4 

,S+] >GUES ?AT 9 REALITY ! CRISIS ( ! DR[N+ *ILD IS PRES5T$ TO US CON/ANTLY4 ,EV]Y M9UTE1 EI<TE5 *ILDR5 DIE ( HUNG] & PREV5TABLE DISEASE3 TW5TY-SEV5 ?\S& EV]Y DAY4 ,IT CO/S1 MOREOV]1 F> LESS ?AN @s#d TO SAVE !M4 ,JU/ AS IF ! *ILD W]E DR[N+ DIRECTLY 9 FRONT ( US1 ! MORAL IMP]ATIVE IS CLE> & PRECISE3 ,WE MU/ ACT1 EV5 IF !RE IS A CO/ TO \RSELVES1 ALBEIT A SMALL ONE4 ,US+ CALCULATIONS BY ECONOMI/ ,JEFFREY ,SA*S & O!RS1 ,S+] SUGGE/S ?AT IF EV]YONE 9 ! RI* WORLD GAVE A M]E #a P]C5T ( !IR 9COME1 POV]TY & PREV5TABLE DISEASE 9 ! WORLD C\LD BE EFFECTIVELY ]ADICAT$4 ,S+] HAS SET UP A WEBSITE :]E 9DIVIDUALS CAN MAKE SU* PL$GES4.<#a#g#f.> ,S+] REPORT$LY DONATES #be P]C5T ( HIS [N 9COME TO *>ITY4 

,AT ! O!R 5D ( ! MORAL SPECTRUM1 N9ETE5?-C5TURY ,G]MAN UB]-AN>*I/ ,MAX ,/IRN] BELIEV$ ?AT ! IDEA ( MORALITY IS BASICALLY ABSURD & MANUFACTUR$ BY ?OSE :O CLOAK !IR SELFI% PURPOSES 9 PSEUDO-UNIV]SAL PR9CIPLES :I* HAVE NO O!R ORIG94 ,!RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS SOCIETY 7AS ,M>G>ET ,?AT*] TOO ONCE FAM\SLY OBS]V$74 ,IT IS 9/EAD ! 9DIVIDUAL & !IR [N DESIRES :I* MATT]4 ,?US1 ! 9DIVIDUAL IS REQUIR$ TO DO NO?+ BUT FOLL[ !IR [N WI%ES TO ! FULLE/1 :]EV] ?IS MAY LEAD4 ,TO DO ANY?+ ELSE IS TO ACT FALSELY & TO 9VITE FALS5ESS FROM O!RS 9 RESPONSE1 ?US RISK+ AN ORD]--OR RA!R DISORD]--BAS$ ON DI%ONE/ & MANUFACTUR$ IDEAS4 

,/IRN]'S IDEAS IMPLY ?AT WE HAVE NO OBLIGATION TO DOVE 9 TO SAVE ! *ILD 9 ,S+]'S ?\<T EXP]IM5T4 ,ALMO/ EV]YONE W\LD F9D ?IS APPALL+4 ,YET1 AS ,S+] HAS OBS]V$1 ?IS IS :AT WE CONSI/5TLY DO4 ,V]Y FEW 9DIVIDUALS GIVE EV5 #a P]C5T ( !IR 9COME TO ?OSE WORSE (F ?AN !Y4 ,SEV]AL ?\S& PEOPLE HAVE MADE SU* PL$GES AT ,S+]'S WEBSITE1 BUT ( C\RSE ?IS IS BUT A T9Y DROP 9 ! BUCKET4 ,MO/ RI* GOV]NM5TS HAVE FAIL$ TO FULFILL !IR [N (T-REPEAT$ PL$GES TO COMMIT 4#g P]C5T ( !IR ,G,D,P TO DEVELOPM5T AID4 ,! FUNDS REQUIR$ TO MEET ! ,U,N'S ,MILL5NIUM ,DEVELOPM5T ,GOALS1 E/ABLI%$ 9 #b AS A*IEVABLE T>GETS TO R$UCE POV]TY & DISEASE1 HAVE NOT BE5 PROVID$1 9CLUD+ BY ! ,G#h1 ,G#b & ,U,N ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY1 :I* HAVE ON REPEAT$ OCCASIONS1 PROMIS$ ALL EF=TS TO DO SO4 

,SO :AT'S ! FLAW ) ,S+]'S REASON+8 ,:Y >E WE UNCONV9C$ TO HELP ! DI/ANT POOR8 ,>E WE 9H]5TLY SELFI%1 MORE ,MAX ,/IRN] ?AN ,PET] ,S+]8 ,IT IS EASY = A MORALI/ TO SAY ?AT ! NE$S ( A ,SOMALI WOMAN DY+ 9 *ILDBIR? %\LD BE AS COMPELL+ TO US AS IF %E W]E \R SI/]4 ,BUT1 AS ,S+] HAS DISAPPO9T+LY DISCOV]$1 SU* REASON+ HAS LITTLE LA/+ IMPACT4 

,IF A *ILD DR[NS BE=E US1 H[ T9Y W\LD BE ! M9ORITY :O REFUS$ TO ACT BECAUSE !Y DIDN'T WANT TO GET !IR EXP5SIVE %OES WET1 & :AT W\LD ! MAJORITY DO TO ?AT P]SON ONCE !Y F\ND \T8 ,SOMEH[ WE NE$ TO F9D A WAY TO /IMULATE ! EMOTIONAL CONNECTION ?AT EVOKES COMPASSION1 AN EMOTION ?AT1 UNLIKE MORAL RULES1 SEEMS %>$ AMONG HUMANITY 7) SOME SOCIOPA?IC EXCEPTIONS74 ,H[ IS COMPASSION BETWE5 PEOPLE G5]AT$8 ,ONE CLE> & /RAI<T=W>D ANSW] PRES5TS ITSELF3 ! 5C\NT]4 

,MISS+ 9 ! REASON+ ( ,S+] IS ANY S5SE ( :AT ,/IRN]1 BY CONTRA/1 BELIEV$ NECESS>Y1 9TR9SIC & 9EVITABLE--5GAGEM5T4 ,/IRN] FIRMLY REJECT$ ANY A PRIORI ASSUMPTION ( :AT SU* 5GAGEM5T MI<T PRODUCE1 LEA/ ( ALL ?AT IT %\LD RESULT 9 AN OBLIGATION TO R5D] HELP TO O!RS4 ,BUT IT MAKES S5SE ?AT 5GAGEM5T PRODUCES A DIFF]5T K9D ( REACTION1 & A DIFF]5T CONV]SATION1 ?AN M]E KN[L$GE4 ,IT IS CLE>LY NOT 5\< TO KN[ ?AT PEOPLE 0\T !RE0 >E SUFF]+4 ,BUT LOCATE ONESELF NEXT TO ?AT SUFF]+1 AS MY WIFE & ,I F\ND 9 ! ,MALIAN DES]T1 & ! REACTION BECOMES 5TIRELY DIFF]5T1 EV5 ?\< ! FACTS & \R KN[L$GE ( !M REMA9 EXACTLY ! SAME4 

,?US N9ETE5?-C5TURY ,/IRN] MAY P>ADOXICALLY PROVIDE A TRU] GUIDE TO ACTION 9 ! CONNECT$ TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY ?AN CONTEMPOR>Y PHILOSOPH]S :O1 ) GREAT HUMANITY1 URGE ?AT WE ACCEPT ! OBLIGATION TO RESCUE ! DR[N+ *ILD4 ,= IT IS 5GAGEM5T--OR RA!R ITS ABS5CE--?AT MAY PRECISELY EXPLA9 :Y ! ,S+]S1 & ! PROPON5TS ( ! ,U,N ,MILL5NIUM ,DEVELOPM5T ,GOALS1 OR ! 4#g P]C5T GOAL1 OR ! ,BONOS OR ,ANGEL9AS HAVE FAIL$ TO CONV9CE ?OSE :O HAVE SO MU* TO H& OV] EV5 A LITTLE BIT1 & MAKE A HUGE LIFE-SAV+ DIFF]5CE1 TO ! BILLIONS :O HAVE SO DESP]ATELY LITTLE4 

,& FROM ?IS1 ONE CONCLUSION /&S \T3 ,/ATES1 BORD]S & 9DE$ 9/ITUTIONS 9 G5]AL MU/ BY !IR V]Y NATURE LIMIT \R 5GAGEM5T ) ONE ANO!R2 !Y *ANNEL1 FRAME1 R5D] DETA*$ & SOMETIMES OB/RUCT ! VA/ MELEE ( HUMAN 9T]ACTION4 ,& BY LIMIT+ ?AT 5GAGEM5T1 SOME:]E ALONG ! WAY \R COMPASSION IS EVISC]AT$4 ,! REQUIREM5T = 5GAGEM5T1 AS DEM&$ TOO BY ! COSMOPOLITAN CRIT]ION 7ABOVE71 IS RE9=C$4 

,! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY (F]S 5GAGEM5T AT LEVELS UNPREC$5T$ 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,AS ,KWAME ,AN?ONY ,APPIAH OBS]VES 9 HIS ELEGANT /UDY ,COSMOPOLITANISM3 ,E?ICS 9 A ,WORLD ( ,/RANG]S1 A /ROLL] ALONG ,NEW ,YORK'S ,FIF? ,AV5UE WILL PASS MORE NATIONALITIES 9 HALF AN H\R ?AN AN ANCI5T ,ROMAN W\LD HAVE MET 9 A LIFETIME4 ,! MULTIHU$ SOCIETY ( ,AM]ICA1 ,BRITA91 ,EUROPE & MORE OR LESS EV]Y:]E1 9CREAS+LY1 (F]S COMM5SURATELY V>I$ *ANCES = 5C\NT]S ) ! HI!RTO DI/ANT ,O!R1 BE !Y ,SOMALI1 ,KYRGYZ1 ,MALAY OR ,TONGAN4 0,ABROAD0 IS MORE & MORE LOCAT$ RI<T H]E4 ,AT LEA/ F\R HUNDR$ MILLION PEOPLE N[ LIVE 9 C\NTRIES NOT ( !IR BIR?4 ,& !SE >E JU/ ! FIR/ G5]ATION IMMIGRANTS2 ADD A SECOND & ?IRD G5]ATION1 & ! PROPORTION GR[S MU* HI<]4 ,OV] TWO MILLION ( ,LONDON'S SEV5 & A HALF MILLION 9HABITANTS W]E BORN OV]SEAS4 ,HET]OG5EITY WILL BECOME R\T9E4 ,:E!R WE LIKE IT OR NOT1 WE WILL HAVE TO 5GAGE4 

,! %>P & UNPREC$5T$ 9CREASES 9 IMMIGRATION 9 ALMO/ ALL DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES1 DRIV+ COMM5SURATE 9CREASES 9 E?NIC DIV]SITY1 HAVE TRIGG]$ ANGUI%$ DEBATES 9 ,EUROPE & ! ,U4,S4 ,9 ,SWITZ]L&1 A POPUL> REF]5DUM AFFIRM$ A BAN ON MOSQUE CON/RUCTION1 ?\< !RE >E V]Y FEW MOSQUES ALREADY4 ,9 ! ,NE!RL&S1 ! #ba G5]AL ELECTION SAW A SIGNIFICANT SW+ TO ! F> RI<T ANTI-IMMIGRATION P>TY ( ,G]T ,WILD]S4 ,9 ! ,U4,S41 ,>IZONA 5ACT$ A LAW ALL[+ POLICE TO /OP ANYONE M]ELY ON SUSPICION ( BE+ AN ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT4 

,& AT FIR/ SI<T1 IT APPE>S ?AT FE>S ( ! EFFECT ( AN 9FLUX ( \TSID]S ON E/ABLI%$ /ABLE SOCIETIES >E WELL PLAC$4 ,H>V>D SOCIOLOGI/ ,ROB]T ,PUTNAM HAS F\ND ?AT ! MORE MIX$ A SOCIETY1 ! L[] ITS 9DICES ( 0SOCIAL CAPITAL0--TRU/1 ALTRUISM1 ASSOCIATIONS1 ACTIVE COOP]ATION--& ! HI<] ITS 9DICES ( SOCIAL FRAGM5TATION--CRIME1 = 9/ANCE4.<#a#e.>  ,BUT CRUCIALLY1 HE F\ND ?AT !SE R$UCTIONS 9 SOCIAL SOLID>ITY & 0SOCIAL CAPITAL0 W]E %ORT-T]M EFFECTS4 ,AT FIR/1 IT APPE>S1 LOCAL SOCIETIES 0HUNK] D[N02 TRU/ DECL9ES1 EV5 )9 MEMB]S ( ! SAME RACE OR E?NIC GR\P4 ,PEOPLE RETREAT 9TO PRIVACY4 

,9 ! LONG] RUN1 H[EV]1 ! \TCOMES >E MORE POSITIVE4 ,NEW =MS ( ASSOCIATION & SOCIAL SOLID>ITY EM]GE4 ,9 MORE HYBRID SOCIETIES1 !RE IS MORE CREATIVITY--AS MEASUR$1 = 9/ANCE1 BY ! NUMB] ( ,NOBEL ,PRIZES4 ,IMMIGRATION IS ASSOCIAT$ ) MORE RAPID ECONOMIC GR[?1 AL?\< %ORT-T]M EFFECTS %\LD NOT BE OV]LOOK$1 P>TICUL>LY ON ! L[E/ PAID :O T5D TO FEEL FIR/ ! EFFECTS ( MORE 9T5SIFI$ COMPETITION = JOBS FROM IMMIGRANTS4 

,! EVID5CE SUGGE/S ?AT IMMIGRATION FROM ! GLOBAL S\? TO ! GLOBAL NOR? GREATLY 5HANCES DEVELOPM5T 9 ! S\?1 P>TLY BECAUSE ( ! FL[ ( REMITTANCES FROM NEW IMMIGRANTS TO !IR FAMILIES 0BACK HOME10 BUT ALSO BECAUSE ( ! TRANSF] ( TE*NOLOGY & NEW IDEAS ?R\< IMMIGRANT NETWORKS4 ,?IS EFFECT IS REPORT$LY SO P[]FUL ?AT IT MAY (FSET ! 0BRA9 DRA90 CO/S TO ! S\!RN C\NTRIES S5D+ ! MIGRANTS4 ,PUTNAM CITES EVID5CE ( YET GREAT] POSITIVE EFFECT1 9CLUD+ A ,WORLD ,BANK /UDY ?AT E/IMATES ?AT 9CREAS+ ANNUAL NOR?W>D IMMIGRATION BY ONLY #c P]C5TAGE PO9TS MI<T PRODUCE NET B5EFITS GREAT] ?AN MEET+ ALL NATIONAL 7,U4,S47 T>GETS = DEVELOPM5T ASSI/ANCE PLUS CANCEL+ ALL ,?IRD ,WORLD DEBT PLUS ABOLI%+ ALL B>RI]S TO ,?IRD ,WORLD TRADE4 

,A FUR!R REASON TO ADDRESS ?OSE SUFF]+ ! MO/ IS SIMPLY ?IS3 ,H]E1 Y\ CAN MAKE ! MO/ DIFF]5CE4 

#f4 ,CONSULT & NEGOTIATE4 

,:5 ,I WAS RESPONSIBLE = SANCTIONS POLICY ON ,IRAQ AT ! ,U,K ,MISSION TO ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS1 WE W]E (T5 APPROA*$ BY CAMPAIGN+ ,N,G,OS :O WANT$ US TO ALT] \R POLICIES1 & LIFT OR AM5D SANCTIONS 9 ORD] TO 5D ! HUMANIT>IAN SUFF]+ 9 ,IRAQ4 ,!Y W]E RI<T1 ( C\RSE1 BUT ?AT DIDN'T MEAN ?AT !Y W]E EFFECTIVE4 

,9 G5]AL1 ,I AVOID$ MEET+ !SE CAMPAIGN]S1 WELL AW>E ?AT ,I W\LD BE SUBJECT$ TO A RHETORICAL F+]-WAGG+ SESSION4 ,IT WAS DIFFICULT = CAMPAIGN]S TO F9D \T :O WAS DEAL+ ) ,IRAQ 9 \R MISSION1 & WE DIDN'T MAKE IT EASY = !M 7IT'S /ILL V]Y DIFFICULT1 EV5 ?\< N[ ! MISSION HAS ! 9EVITABLE (FICIAL WEBSITE1 AS OPAQUE AS ! SMOK$ GLASS AT ! MISSION'S 5TRANCE74 ,ONLY R>ELY DID ! CAMPAIGN]S MANAGE TO ID5TIFY ME1 & P]SUADE ME TO MEET !M4 

,SU* MEET+S W]E T$I\S & PR$ICTABLE4 ,9V>IABLY1 ! CAMPAIGN]S W\LD M>* 9TO MY (FICE1 !N LECTURE ME AB\T ! IMMORALITY ( :AT MY GOV]NM5T WAS DO+1 DEM&+ *ANGE--BUT R>ELY SPECIFY+ 9 ANY DETAIL :AT ?AT *ANGE %\LD BE3 JU/ *ANGE6 ,DISCUSSION W\LD BE T5SE & CONFRONTATIONAL2 ! MEET+S W\LD 5D ) MU* RELIEF1 = ME AT LEA/4 ,I S5S$ TOO ?AT ! OBJECTIVE = ! CAMPAIGN]S WAS (T5 ! FACT ( ! MEET+1 :I* !Y C\LD N[ P>ADE AS EFFECTIVE ACTION ON !IR P>T1 ! MEET+ ALONE AM\NT+ TO A VICTORY4 ,( C\RSE1 IT WAS NOT4 

,NO D\BT SU* LOBBY+ MADE !M FEEL BETT]4 ,BUT ! EFFECT ON ME WAS TO MAKE ME MORE DET]M9$ TO AVOID SU* FUTURE 5C\NT]S4 ,?ANKS TO ! SUP]FICIALITY ( ! CAMPAIGN]S' >GUM5TS1 ,I WAS ABLE EASILY TO DISMISS !M4 ,!Y =GOT ?AT ,I WORK$ ON ,IRAQ FULL-TIME EV]Y DAY1 & WAS /EEP$ 9 ! >GUM5TS & DATA TO JU/IFY & DEF5D \R POLICIES4 

,TWO ACADEMICS FROM ,NOT] ,DAME ,UNIV]SITY 9 ,9DIANA US$ A DIFF]5T APPROA*4 ,!Y APPROA*$ ! 9DIVIDUAL (FICIALS 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,BRITI% & ,U4,S4 GOV]NM5TS1 ASK+ TO COLLECT 9=MATION AB\T \R POLICIES4 ,!Y W]E POLITE & PATI5T4 ,!Y CAME TO MEET ME SEV]AL TIMES4 ,AFT] SEV]AL MEET+S1 !Y (F]$ A DETAIL$ SET ( PROPOSALS TO *ANGE \R POLICY1 IDEAS ?AT ADDRESS$ \R CONC]NS TO LIMIT ,IRAQ'S POT5TIAL TO RE>M :ILE M9IMIZ+ ! POT5TIAL NEGATIVE HUMANIT>IAN EFFECTS ( SANCTIONS4 ,! ,U4,S4 ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T HELD A DISCUSSION MEET+ ) MANY (FICIALS CONC]N$ TO MEET ! ACADEMICS & HE> !IR PROPOSALS4 ,EV5TUALLY1 !IR IDEAS W]E ADOPT$ AS ,BRITI%-,AM]ICAN POLICY & L$ TO A MAJOR AM5DM5T ( SANCTIONS POLICY1 :I* WAS PUT 9TO PLACE 9 #b#b4.<#a#g#g.> 

,IT WAS TOO LATE1 & SU* A POLICY %\LD HAVE BE5 5ACT$ FROM ! BEG9N+ ( COMPREH5SIVE SANCTIONS ON ,IRAQ 9 #a#i#i4 ,BUT ! PO9T IS CLE>4 

,NEGOTIATION %\LD IDEALLY BE DIRECT1 NOT ?R\< 9T]M$I>IES4 ,:5 MY WIFE & ,I B\<T \R AP>TM5T 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 WE W]E REPRES5T$ 9 ! NEGOTIATIONS BY \R REAL E/ATE AG5T & EV5TUALLY BY A LAWY]4 ,! NEGOTIATIONS QUICKLY DET]IORAT$4 ,EV]Y MOVE BY ! SELL] WAS SCRUT9IZ$ = DEVI\SNESS1 EV]Y MOTIVE & COMMUNICATION WAS IMM$IATELY PLAC$ UND] SUSPICION4 ,:5 ! SELL] S\<T TO DELAY ! SALE AFT] WE HAD AGRE$ A PRICE1 ?IS WAS SEIZ$ UPON AS A SIGN ( 0BAD FAI?40 ,LAWY]S REPORT$ ANTAGONI/IC EX*ANGES4 ,AS /ALEMATE BECKON$1 WE PROPOS$ A MEET+ ) ! SELL]S4 ,T5SE & ANTICIPAT+ A CONFLICT1 WE >RIV$ AT ! AP>TM5T1 TO F9D--NE$LESS TO SAY--A P]FECTLY AFFABLE C\PLE :O M]ELY WANT$ TO /AY 9 ! AP>TM5T = A FEW WEEKS BE=E !IR NEW HOME WAS READY4 ,= !M ! ALT]NATIVE WAS TAK+ !IR SMALL *ILDR5 TO LIVE 9 A HOTEL4 

#g4 0,BIG PICTURE1 SMALL DE$S40 

,! 9NOVATION COMPANY 8,:AT ,IF6 (F]S ?IS MAXIM AS A WAY TO OV]COME ! 9]TIA ?AT TOO (T5 /YMIES *ANGE4 8,:AT ,IF6 TRA9S EMPLOYES 9 H[ TO BE 9NOVATIVE BUT F\ND ?AT SOMETIMES1 ?\< 9SPIR$ BY !IR TRA9+ AWAY-DAY1 !IR TRA9EES W\LD /ILL FAIL TO IMPLEM5T ! TE*NIQUES !Y HAD LE>N$4 ,IT WAS SIMPLY TOO OV]:ELM+ TO *ANGE ! PREVAIL+ CULTURE ( !IR EV]YDAY WORKPLACE4 ,TO C\NT] ?IS PROBLEM1 8,:AT ,IF6 PROPOS$ A SIMPLE PHILOSOPHY3 ,KEEP 9 M9D ! OV]ALL *ANGE Y\ WI% TO A*IEVE1 BUT ACT A LITTLE EV]Y DAY TO MAKE IT REALITY4 

,?\< TRANSPOS$ TO ! CORPORATE WORLD1 ?IS TE*NIQUE E*OES ! 0SMALL /EPS0 PROPOS$ BY ,MAHATMA ,G&HI TO A*IEVE PR(\ND & 5DUR+ *ANGE4 ,!RE IS AN ANCI5T ,*9ESE PROV]B TO ! SAME EFFECT 7! ,9T]NET TELLS ME73 0,IT IS BETT] TO TAKE MANY SMALL /EPS 9 ! RI<T DIRECTION ?AN A GREAT LEAP =W>D !N /UMBLE BACKW>D10 SAGE ADVICE ?AT ,MAO ,Z$ONG CLE>LY IGNOR$ 9 =C+ ,*9A'S ,GREAT ,LEAP ,=W>D 9 ! #a#i#fS ?AT =C$ PEASANTS FROM !IR L& & L$ TO ! />VATION & DEA? ( P]HAPS MORE ?AN ?IRTY MILLION4 ,P]HAPS RECOGNIZ+ ?IS CATA/ROPHE1 ,MAO'S SUCCESSOR ,D5G ,XIAOP+ PROPOS$ A MORE PRAGMATIC ME?OD ( *ANGE3 0CROSS+ ! RIV] BY FEEL+ ! /ONES40 

,?IS METAPHOR IS BO? MORE COMPELL+ & (F]S A MORE PRAGMATIC APPROA*3 ,/ONES >E PALPABLE1 MAT]IAL1 SOLID4 ,! /EPS ( ANY /RATEGY %\LD BE CONCRETE2 NOT RHETORICAL BUT PRACTICAL4 ,9T]NET CAMPAIGNS CLE>LY FAIL ?IS CRIT]ION2 VOLUNTE]+ AT A LOCAL S*OOL DOES NOT4 ,MAHATMA ,G&HI DI/ILL$ ! EPIC /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,BRITI% COLONIAL RULE 9TO A SIMPLE BUT PRACTICAL ACT ?AT ANYONE C\LD UND]TAKE3 MAK+ SALT4 

,& ! GOAL MU/ BE EPIC4 ,! SPIRIT SO>S AT ! MOM5T\S *ALL5GE1 NOT ! BANAL4 ,BREAK ?AT *ALL5GE D[N 9TO SMALL1 PRACTICAL1 DAILY TASKS1 & GET TO WORK4 ,?\< ! /EPS T[>D IT MAY BE HUMBLE1 F9D A GOAL ?AT IS GREAT3 ,5D POV]TY1 PREV5T W>1 SAVE ! PLANET4 ,LOCATE Y\R OBJECTIVE1 GRASP Y\R FLAG1 !N M>* DELIB]ATELY T[>D ! 5EMY4 ,IF Y\ DO SO ) C\RAGE & CONVICTION1 O!RS WILL SURELY FOLL[4 

#h4 ,USE NONVIOL5CE4 

,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN WAS AN AN>*I/ :O PASSIONATELY DETE/$ ! WIDESPREAD EXPLOITATION & ABUSE ( WORK]S 9 9DU/RIAL ,AM]ICA ( ! LATE N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,AN IMMIGRANT FROM ,RUSSIA1 HE WAS 9FLU5C$ BY AN>*I/ ?9K]S & GR\PS 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 :]E HE BECAME A CLOSE FRI5D ( ! FAM\S AN>*I/ ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN4 ,AS TOLD BY ,GOLDMAN 9 H] AUTOBIOGRAPHY1 ,MY ,LIFE1 & ,B]KMAN 9 HIS ,PRISON ,MEMOIRS ( AN ,AN>*I/1 BO? W]E DEEPLY AFFECT$ BY ! ,HAYM>KET AFFAIR--OR MASSACRE1 AS IT IS SOMETIMES KN[N3 ! NAME ( ! EV5T AN 9DICATOR1 AS IT (T5 IS1 ( ! PREJUDICES ( ! NAM]4 

,ON ,MAY #d1 #a#h#h#f1 AT ,HAYM>KET ,SQU>E 9 ,*ICAGO1 AT A RALLY 9 SUPPORT ( /RIK+ WORK]S1 AN UNKN[N P]SON ?REW A BOMB AT POLICE AS !Y DISP]S$ ! GA!R+4 ,! BOMB BLA/ & 5SU+ GUNFIRE RESULT$ 9 ! DEA?S ( EI<T POLICE (FIC]S & AN UNKN[N NUMB] ( CIVILIANS4 ,9 ! TRIAL ?AT FOLL[$1 EI<T AN>*I/S W]E TRI$ = MURD] DESPITE PALTRY EVID5CE AGA9/ !M4 ,F\R W]E PUT TO DEA?1 & ONE COMMITT$ SUICIDE 9 PRISON4 ,! JUDGE DECL>$1 0,NOT BECAUSE Y\ HAVE CAUS$ ! ,HAYM>KET BOMB1 BUT BECAUSE Y\ >E ,AN>*I/S1 Y\ >E ON TRIAL40 ,TO ?IS DAY1 DEBATE CONT9UES AB\T ! TRUE ID5TITY ( ! BOMB]4 

,IT IS CLE> FROM BO? ,GOLDMAN'S & ,B]KMAN'S MEMOIRS ?AT !Y W]E RADICALIZ$ BY :AT !Y SAW AS A PR(\ND 9JU/ICE4 ,BO? CAME TO BELIEVE ?AT ONLY DRAMATIC1 & IF NECESS>Y VIOL5T1 ACTS--! ATT5TAT--W\LD GALVANIZE ! WORK+ POPULATION TO RISE UP AGA9/ A DEEPLY UNJU/ SY/EM4 ,! OPPORTUNITY = SU* AN ACT WAS SOON TO PRES5T ITSELF4 

,9 ,JUNE #a#h#i#b1 WORK]S AT A /EEL PLANT 9 ,HOME/EAD1 ,P5NSYLVANIA1 W]E LOCK$ \T AFT] PAY NEGOTIATIONS FAIL$ BETWE5 ! ,C>NEGIE ,/EEL ,COMPANY & ! ,AMALGAMAT$ ,ASSOCIATION ( ,IRON & ,/EEL ,WORK]S4 ,! RESULT WAS ONE ( ! FIR/ ORGANIZ$ /RIKES 9 ,AM]ICAN LABOR HI/ORY4 ,&REW ,C>NEGIE HAD PLAC$ HIS FACTORIES1 & 9DE$ LAT] HIS 9DU/RIAL EMPIRE1 UND] ! CONTROL ( ,H5RY ,CLAY ,FRICK4 ,C>NEGIE PUBLICLY SUPPORT$ ! RI<TS ( WORK]S TO JO9 UNIONS & EMPLOY COLLECTIVE B>GA9+4 ,PRIVATELY1 H[EV]1 HE 5C\RAG$ ,FRICK TO BREAK ! /RIKE1 & ) IT1 ! UNION4 

,FRICK LOCK$ ! UNION WORK]S \T & PLAC$ B>B$-WIRE F5CES1 SE>*LI<TS & WAT*T[]S >\ND ! FACTORY4 ,HE HIR$ NONUNION WORK]S TO TAKE ! /RIK]S' JOBS & GET ! FACTORY GO+ AGA91 BUT !Y W]E UNABLE TO BREAK ?R\< ! UNION'S PICKET L9ES4 ,SO ,FRICK HIR$ ?REE HUNDR$ >M$ GU>DS FROM ! ,P9K]TON ,DETECTIVE ,AG5CY TO BREAK ! PICKET L9ES4 ,:5 ! ,P9K]TON GU>DS >RIV$ AT ! FACTORY ON ! MORN+ ( ,JULY #f1 A GUNFI<T BROKE \T4 ,N9E UNION WORK]S & SEV5 GU>DS W]E KILL$ DUR+ ! FI<T1 :I* LA/$ TWELVE H\RS4 

,!RE WAS WIDESPREAD \TRAGE AT ,FRICK'S ACTIONS & ! VIOL5T ATTACK ( ! 0,P9K]TONS40 ,B]KMAN & ,GOLDMAN DECID$ TO ASSASS9ATE ,FRICK4 ,?IS WAS ! OPPORTUNITY = ! VIOL5T ATT5TAT TO R\SE ! WORK+ CLASS TO REVOLT4 ,!RE WAS NO VIL] CAPITALI/ ?AN ,FRICK3 ,= A :ILE1 HE WAS KN[N AS 0,AM]ICA'S MO/ HAT$ MAN40 ,9 HIS MEMOIR1 ,B]KMAN REC\NTS HIS ROMANTIC FASC9ATION ) ! EXTREME ACT3 

,C\LD ANY?+ BE NOBL] ?AN TO DIE = A GR&1 A SUBLIME ,CAUSE8 ,:Y1 ! V]Y LIFE ( A TRUE REVOLUTIONI/ HAS NO O!R PURPOSE1 NO SIGNIFICANCE :ATEV]1 SAVE TO SACRIFICE IT ON ! ALT> ( ! BELOV$ ,PEOPLE4 

,B]KMAN'S EXECUTION ( ! PLAN1 H[EV]1 WAS AMATEURI%4 ,HIS PLAN WAS TO ASSASS9ATE ,FRICK & COMMIT SUICIDE AFT]W>DS2 ,GOLDMAN'S ROLE WAS TO EXPLA9 ,B]KMAN'S MOTIVES AFT] HIS DEA?4 ,FIR/1 ,B]KMAN TRI$ TO MAKE A BOMB1 BUT HE FAIL$4 ,B]KMAN & ,GOLDMAN !N POOL$ !IR MEAG] SAV+S TO BUY A H&GUN & A SUIT = ,B]KMAN TO WE> = ! ASSASS9ATION ATTEMPT4 

,ON ,JULY #b#c1 #a#h#i#b1 ,B]KMAN 5T]$ ,FRICK'S (FICE >M$ ) A GUN & A %>P5$ /EEL FILE4 ,FRICK DIV$ UND] A *AIR & BEGAN TO YELL4 ,B]KMAN %OT ,FRICK ?REE TIMES1 !N GRAPPL$ ) HIM & /ABB$ HIM 9 ! LEG4 ,O!RS 9 ! (FICE CAME TO ,FRICK'S RESCUE & BEAT ,B]KMAN UNCONSCI\S4 ,HE WAS CONVICT$ ( ATTEMPT$ MURD] & GIV5 A TW5TY-TWO-YE> PRISON S5T5CE4 ,FRICK SURVIV$ ! ATTACK4 

,AS HE LAT] RELAT$ 9 HIS MEMOIR1 ,B]KMAN 5C\NT]$ A ,HOME/EAD /RIK] SOON AFT] HIS IMPRISONM5T4 ,B]KMAN IMM$IATELY ROMANTICIZES ! MAN AS ! EMBODIM5T ( ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE4 ,HE IS 5?RALL$ TO MEET AN ACTUAL /RIK]1 A TRUE-BLOOD$ MEMB] ( ! WORK+ CLASSES4 ,H]E AT LA/ ,B]KMAN W\LD F9D HIS V9DICATION4 ,BUT ! MEET+ PRODUCES NO?+ BUT BITT] DISAPPO9TM5T4 ,! /RIK] DECRIES ,B]KMAN'S ASSASS9ATION ATTEMPT4 0,WE >E LAW-ABID+ PEOPLE10 HE SAYS1 ADD+ ?AT ! WORK]S DON'T WANT ANY?+ TO DO ) ! 0ANA*RI/S10 AS HE MISNAMES !M4 

,O!R WORK]S ON :OSE BEHALF ,B]KMAN MADE ! ATT5TAT W]E NOT IMPRESS$ EI!R4 ,!RE WAS NO WORK] UPRIS+ AS A RESULT ( ,B]KMAN'S EF=T2 HIS ATTACK WAS WIDELY CONDEMN$1 9CLUD+ BY UNIONS1 WORK]S & EV5 O!R AN>*I/S4 ,NEGATIVE PUBLICITY FROM ! ATTEMPT$ ASSASS9ATION RESULT$ 9 ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,HOME/EAD /RIKE4 ,TW5TY-FIVE HUNDR$ M5 LO/ !IR JOBS1 & MO/ ( ! WORK]S :O /AY$ HAD !IR WAGES HALV$4 

,IF NOT VIOL5CE1 !N :AT8 ,ALL TOO (T51 ! DEBATE IS FRAM$ AS VIOL5CE OR NO?+2 PACIFISM AS M]E 9ACTIVITY4 ,AS ! WORLD CONTEMPLAT$ H[ TO RESPOND TO ,COLONEL ,GADHAFI'S BRUTAL REPRESSION ( UNRE/ 9 ,LIBYA1 M$IA COMM5TATORS DWELT ON ! DEBATE OV] ! IMPOSITION ( NO-FLY ZONES OR O!R =MS ( MILIT>Y 9T]V5TION1 IGNOR+ ! MANY V>I\S NONMILIT>Y BUT NONE!LESS CO]CIVE MEASURES AVAILABLE3 ,!SE W]E COMPLICAT$1 & ?US ILL-SUIT$ TO ! ,PUN* & ,JUDY REQUIREM5TS ( S\ND-BITE DEBATE4.<#a#e#a.>  ,! :OLE FRAM+ ( SU* DEBATES SUGGE/S ?AT VIOL5CE IS /RONG1 ! ABS5CE ( VIOL5CE WEAK4 ,PACIFISM IS 9V>IABLY PORTRAY$ AS A K9D ( 0DO NO?+0 PHILOSOPHY4 

,NONVIOL5CE RESOLVES ?IS PROBLEM4 ,NONVIOL5T ME?ODS >E NOT DO+ NO?+4 ,9/EAD1 !Y >E =CEFUL ME?ODS ?AT CAN BE HI<LY EFFECTIVE BUT AVOID 9JURY & BLOOD%$1 :ILE GA9+ MORAL AU?ORITY FROM ! REJECTION ( VIOL5CE4 

,TO GET D[N TO SPECIFICS1 NONVIOL5T ACTION CAN TAKE MANY DIFF]5T =MS4 ,9 HIS ESS5TIAL & CONCISE ESSAY 0,FROM ,DICTATOR%IP TO ,DEMOCRACY10 ,G5E ,%>P LI/S NO FEW] ?AN #aih DIFF]5T NONVIOL5T ME?ODS1 BUT H]E >E ?REE3.<#a#g#h.> 

,BOYCOTT--,! WORD 0BOYCOTT0 5T]$ ! ,5GLI% LANGUAGE ?ANKS TO ,CAPTA9 ,*>LES ,BOYCOTT1 ! L& AG5T ( AN ABS5TEE L&LORD 9 ,IREL&4 ,9 #a#h#h1 H>VE/S HAD BE5 POOR1 SO ! L&LORD (F]$ HIS T5ANTS A #a P]C5T R$UCTION 9 !IR R5TS4 ,! T5ANTS DEM&$ A #be P]C5T R$UCTION1 BUT W]E REFUS$4 ,BOYCOTT !N ATTEMPT$ TO EVICT ELEV5 T5ANTS FROM ! L&4 ,! ,IRI% NATIONALI/ ,*>LES ,/EW>T ,P>NELL PROPOS$ ?AT O/RACISM WAS MORE P[]FUL ?AN VIOL5CE3 ,GRE$Y L&LORDS & L& AG5TS LIKE ,BOYCOTT %\LD BE MADE P>IAHS4 ,DESPITE ! %ORT-T]M ECONOMIC H>D%IP !Y 9CURR$1 ,BOYCOTT'S WORK]S /OPP$ WORK 9 ! FIELDS & /ABLES1 AS WELL AS 9 HIS H\SE4 ,LOCAL BUS9ESSM5 /OPP$ TRAD+ ) HIM1 & ! LOCAL PO/MAN REFUS$ TO DELIV] MAIL4 ,BOYCOTT SOON F\ND HIMSELF ISOLAT$ & UNABLE TO HIRE ANYONE TO H>VE/ ! CROPS4 ,EV5TUALLY1 FIFTY \TSID]S VOLUNTE]$ TO DO ! WORK1 BUT !Y HAD TO BE ESCORT$ BY A ?\S& POLICEM5 & SOLDI]S1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT LOCAL LEAD]S HAD SAID ?AT !RE W\LD BE NO VIOL5CE1 & NONE 9 FACT MAT]IALIZ$4 ,?IS PROTECTION 5D$ UP CO/+ F> MORE ?AN ! H>VE/ WAS WOR?4 ,AFT] ! H>VE/1 ! 0BOYCOTT0 WAS SUCCESSFULLY CONT9U$4 

,G&HI ORGANIZ$ A BOYCOTT ( ,BRITI% GOODS4 ,9 ,MONTGOM]Y1 ,ALABAMA1 ,AFRICAN-,AM]ICANS BOYCOTT$ SEGREGAT$ BUSSES4 ,! ,NATIONAL ,NEGRO ,CONV5TION BOYCOTT$ SLAVE-PRODUC$ GOODS 9 #a#h#c4 ,TODAY BOYCOTTS >E EV5 EASI] TO ORGANIZE1 ?ANKS TO ! ,9T]NET4 ,! ,DUT* BANK ,+ WAS =C$ TO CANCEL BONUSES = ITS S5IOR /AFF AFT] ?\S&S ( ITS CU/OM]S ?REAT5$ TO )DRAW !IR DEPOSITS1 & ?US RISK A RUN ON ! BANK4 ,A ,FACEBOOK & ,TWITT] BOYCOTT CAMPAIGN ]UPT$ AFT] NEWS EM]G$ ?AT ! *IEF EXECUTIVE WAS TO BE AW>D$ A ,G,B,P#a MILLION BONUS DESPITE ! BANK HAV+ RECEIV$ ,E,U,R#a BILLION 9 /ATE AID TO KEEP AFLOAT1 HAD FROZ5 P5SIONS & GIV5 /AFF ONLY A #a P]C5T PAY RISE4 ,DUT* POLITICIANS LAT] VOT$ = A #a P]C5T RETROSPECTIVE TAX ON ALL BONUSES PAID TO EXECUTIVES AT 9/ITUTIONS ?AT HAD RECEIV$ /ATE AID AS A RESULT ( ! F9ANCIAL CRISIS4.<#a#e#b.> 

,ISOLATE--,! )DRAWAL ( SOCIAL APPROVAL = 9DIVIDUALS IS DI/RESS+ TO ?OSE SUBJECT$ TO IT4 ,PUBLIC %AM+ IS AN UND]UTILIZ$ TOOL4 ,TO POLITICIANS & PUBLIC FIGURES :O BASK 9 PUBLIC ATT5TION1 ITS D5IAL CAN BE PA9FUL 9DE$4 

,9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 A GR\P ( WOM5 W]E F$ UP ) ! H>ASSM5T !Y R\T9ELY FAC$ ON PUBLIC SUBWAYS OR ! /REET1 RANG+ FROM UNWELCOME SEXUAL COMM5TS TO GROP+ & /ALK+4 ,FRU/RAT$ ) CULTURAL ATTITUDES ?AT SUGGE/$ SU* ABUSE WAS AN 9EVITABLE PRICE ( BE+ A WOMAN1 !Y F\ND$ A GR\P TO FI<T BACK1 CALL$ 0,I HOLLA BACK0 7WWW4IHOLLABACK4ORG74 ,EMILY ,MAY F\ND$ ,HOLLABACK ) FRI5DS FIVE YE>S AGO4 ,TODAY IT HAS *APT]S 9 SIX ,AM]ICAN CITIES1 ALONG ) O!RS 9 ,BRITA91 ,CANADA & ,AU/RALIA4 ,! GR\P HAS REC5TLY DEVELOP$ AN I,PHONE APPLICATION TO ALL[ WOM5 IMM$IATELY TO LOG & REPORT SU* 9CID5TS1 &1 IF POSSIBLE1 PHOTOGRAPH ! P]PETRATORS4 ,! AIM IS TO PRODUCE A COMPREH5SIVE PICTURE--& ID5TIFY 0HOTSPOTS0--( SU* H>ASSM5T1 CITYWIDE & EV5 NATIONWIDE4 ,REPORTS WILL BE =W>D$ TO POLICE = ACTION1 9CLUD+ P>TICUL> ZONES ( REPEAT$ ACTIVITY4 ,BUT !RE >E OBVI\S OB/ACLES = ! POLICE TO PRESS CONVICTIONS--!Y CANNOT SOLVE ! PROBLEM ALONE4 ,BY ID5TIFY+ & EXHIBIT+ ! PHOTOGRAPHS ( P]PETRATORS1 ! GR\P ALSO HOPES TO %AME ! M5 :O C>RY \T ! ABUSE1 & CREATE NEW CULTURAL ATTITUDES TO REPLACE ! OLD3 TO R5D] H>ASSM5T SOCIALLY UNACCEPTABLE4.<#a#e#c.> 

,9 A MORE 9T]NATIONAL CONTEXT1 A :ITE F>M] 9 NEWLY 9DEP5D5T ,ZIMBABWE ONCE TOLD ME ?AT ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL ISOLATION ( :ITE M9ORITY-DOM9AT$ ,RHODESIA MAY NOT HAVE UND]M9$ ! ECONOMY SUFFICI5TLY TO =CE ! ,RHODESIAN GOV]NM5T TO GIVE UP ITS AP>!ID PRACTICES4 ,WE C\LD SURVIVE ECONOMICALLY1 %E TOLD ME1 BUT ONCE WE W]E UND] 9T]NATIONAL SANCTIONS1 %E SAID1 WE KNEW ONE ?+ ) C]TA9TY--?AT :ITE M9ORITY RULE C\LD NOT LA/ =EV]4 

,SABOTAGE--,?IS ME?OD IS TO BE US$ ONLY 9 ! MO/ EXTREME CIRCUM/ANCES ( GROSS 9JU/ICE & REPRESSION1 :5 O!R NONVIOL5T ME?ODS HAVE FAIL$4 ,A REC5T ILLU/RATION ( ! 9H]5T RISKS & AMBIGU\S CONSEQU5CES ( SABOTAGE1 EV5 ( ! NONVIOL5T K9D1 IS ! /ORY ( ! ,/UXNET COMPUT] WORM1 :I* APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 DELIB]ATELY DESIGN$ TO 9T]F]E ) ,IRAN'S NUCLE> PROGRAM4 ,! WORM WAS HI<LY SOPHI/ICAT$1 SUGGE/+ ?AT /ATES 7P]HAPS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES7 W]E BEH9D ITS CREATION4 ,CONCEAL+ ITSELF 9 ! OP]AT+ SY/EM ( COMPUT]S ?AT CONTROL 9DU/RIAL ME*ANISMS1 ,/UXNET REPORT$LY WORKS BY SPE$+ UP ! GAS C5TRIFUGES US$ TO 5RI* URANIUM SO ?AT ! C5TRIFUGES >E DAMAG$ OR DE/ROY$4 ,ALL ! :ILE1 ! CONTROL SY/EMS CONT9UE TO 9DICATE ?AT EV]Y?+ IS NORMAL4 ,! EFFECTS ( ,/UXNET >E NOT CLE>1 & ,IRAN HAS ADMITT$ TO ONLY LIMIT$ DAMAGE FROM ! VIRUS4 ,ILLU/RAT+ ! DANG]S ( US+ SU* TE*NIQUES1 H[EV]1 !RE IS N[ DEBATE ?AT ! WAY HAS BE5 CLE>$ = O!RS TO USE SIMIL> DEVICES--:I* >E EFFECTIVELY SABOTAGE1 ALBEIT BY ! MO/ MOD]N ME?ODS4 ,9 EFFECT1 A NEW FRONT HAS BE5 OP5$ 9 CONFLICT1 ) FEW RULES TO GOV]N IT4 ,AS ONE J\RNALI/ PUT IT3 0,WE HAVE CROSS$ A ?RE%OLD & !RE IS NO TURN+ BACK40.<#a#e#d.>  ,!RE >E N[ BELAT$ CALLS = NEW 9T]NATIONAL AGREEM5TS TO PROHIBIT SU* CYB]W>F>E1 :ILE O!RS COMM5T ?AT 5=CEM5T ( SU* RULES W\LD 9 ANY CASE BE ALL BUT IMPOSSIBLE1 GIV5 ! 9TR9SIC ANONYMITY & COMPLEXITY ( ! ,WEB4 ,IF Y\ >E GO+ TO USE !SE TOOLS1 IT W\LD BE WISE TO BE SURE ?AT !Y CANNOT !N BE TURN$ AGA9/ Y\4 ,H5CE ! REQUIREM5T TO USE NONVIOL5T SABOTAGE ONLY 9 EXTREMIS4 

,BUT = ALL ! DRAWBACKS ( SABOTAGE1 IT HAS ONE SIGNAL & P]HAPS OV]RID+ VIRTUE3 ,IT DOESN'T KILL PEOPLE4 

,9 ,WIM ,W5D]S'S FILM ,W+S ( ,DESIRE1 AN OLD MAN IS 9 A LIBR>Y CONTEMPLAT+ W>TIME PHOTOGRAPHS ( DEAD *ILDR54 ,HE IS V]Y ELD]LY & P]HAPS DY+4 ,HE ?9KS TO HIMSELF1 0,MY H]OES >E NO LONG] W>RIORS & K+S1 BUT ! ?+S ( PEACE4444 ,BUT SO F> NO ONE HAS SUCCE$$ 9 S++ AN EPIC ( PEACE4 ,:AT IS IT AB\T PEACE ?AT ITS 9SPIRATION IS NOT 5DUR+8 ,:Y IS ITS /ORY SO H>D TO TELL80 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/