,! ,/ATE & ,SOCIETY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COL9 ,W>D 

,TEXT 3 

,:5 ,G4 ,D4 ,H4 ,COLE DI$1 ,I REMEMB] BE+ AMAZ$ AS ,I READ ! TRIBUTES 9 ! NEWSPAP]S FROM PEOPLE LIKE ,HU< ,GAITSKELL & ,H>OLD ,WILSON ALLEG+ ?AT !IR SOCIALISM WAS LE>N$ FROM HIM H]E1 = IT HAD ALWAYS SEEM$ TO ME ?AT HIS SOCIALISM WAS ( AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T *>ACT] FROM ?AT ( ! POLITICIANS ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY4 ,AMONG HIS OBITU>I/S1 IT WAS LEFT TO A DISSID5T ,JUGOSLAV COMMUNI/1 ,VLADIMIR ,D$IJ]1 TO PO9T \T :AT ?IS DIFF]5CE WAS2 REM>K+ ON HIS DISCOV]Y ?AT ,COLE 0REJECT$ ! IDEA ( ! CONT9U$ SUPREMACY ( ! ,SLATE0 & BELIEV$ ?AT 0IT WAS DE/9$ TO DISAPPE>40 

,= ,COLE1 AS = ! AN>*I/ PHILOSOPH]S FROM ,GODW9 ONW>D1 ,I HE DI/9CTION BETWE5 SOCIETY & ! /ATE WAS ! BEG9N+ ( WISDOM1 & 9 HIS 9AUGURAL LECTURE 9 ! ,*AIR ( ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,!ORY 9 ?IS UNIV]SITY1 HE REM>K$ ?AT 0,I AM WELL AW>E ?AT IT IS P>T ( ! TRADITIONAL CLIMATE NOT ONLY ( ,OX=D1 BUT ( ACADEMIC TEA*+ & ?9K+ 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91 TO MAKE ! ,/ATE ! PO9T ( FOCUS = ! CONSID]ATION ( M5 9 !IR SOCIAL RELATIONS01 & W5T ON TO DECL>E HIS BELIEF ?AT 0,\R C5TURY REQUIRES NOT A M]ELY ,POLITICAL ,!ORY1 ) ! ,/ATE AS ITS C5TRAL PROBLEM1 BUT A WID] ,SOCIAL ,!ORY )9 :I* !SE CONCEPTS & RELATIONS CAN F9D !IR APPROPRIATE PLACE40 

,= HIM ?IS DEM&$ A 0PLURALISM0 :I* RECOGNIZES ! POSITIVE VALUE ( ! DIV]SITY ( SOCIAL RELATION%IPS1 & :I* REPUDIATES :AT HE CALL$ 0! ,IDEALI/ NOTION ?AT ALL VALUES >E ULTIMATELY ASPECTS ( A S+LE VALUE1 :I* MU/ !RE=E F9D EMBODIM5T 9 A UNIV]SAL 9/ITUTION1 & NOT 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL BE+S :O ALONE HAVE1 9 TRU?1 ! CAPACITY TO ?9K1 TO FEEL & TO BELIEVE1 & S+LY OR 9 ASSOCIATION1 TO EXPRESS !IR ?\<TS1 FEEL+S & BELIEFS 9 ACTIONS :I* FUR!R OR OB/RUCT WELL-BE+ -- !IR [N & O!RS40 

,?IS P>TICUL> REJECTION ( ! ,IDEALI/ !ORY ( ! ,/ATE WAS VOIC$ 9 #a#i#d#e1 ! YE> :5 ! ,/ATES ?AT LIQUIDAT$ ,HIRO%IMA & ! ,/ATE ?AT LIQUIDAT$ ! ,KULAKS CELEBRAT$ !IR VICTORY OV] ! ,/ATE ?AT LIQUIDAT$ ! ,JEWS4 ,IF Y\ ?9K ?AT PEOPLE'S P]SONAL PHILOSOPHIES >E A RESPONSE TO ! EXP]I5CE ( !IR [N G5]ATION1 Y\ W\LD HAVE EXPECT$ ?AT YE>1 ( ALL YE>S1 TO HAVE 9ITIAT$ A P]IOD 9 :I* VA/ NUMB]S ( PEOPLE1 RECOIL+ FROM ?IS OBJECT LESSON 9 ! NATURE ( ! /ATE-- ALL /ATES-- W\LD HAVE BEGUN TO )DRAW !IR ALLEGIANCE FROM !IR RESPECTIVE /ATES1 OR AT LEA/ TO CEASE TO ID5TIFY !MSELVES ) ! /ATES :I* DEM&$ !IR ALLEGIANCE4 

,BUT ! WAVE ( REJECTION ( ! GR&1 ALL-EMBRAC+1 & ULTIMATELY LE?AL POLITICAL !ORIES HAS BE5 V]Y L>GELY A MOVEM5T ( 444 PR(ESSORS4 ,Y\ HAVE ONLY TO ?9K ( ! /R&S CONTRIBUT$ TO ! REJECT+ ( POLITICAL MESSIANISM & HI/ORICAL DET]M9ISM BY ,COLE'S SUCCESSOR1 ,PR(ESSOR ,B]L91 OR BY ,PR(ESSORS ,POPP]1 ,OAK%OTT & ,TALMON4 ,IT HAS COME FROM ! RI<T & ! C5T]1 & TO A LESS] EXT5T FROM ! LEFT1 BUT IT DOES NOT SEEM TO HAVE BE5 ACCOMPANI$ BY A NEW !ORY ( SOCIETY & ! /ATE & ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 !M4 

,9 ! LOOSE1 & NO D\BT1 ]RONE\S WAY 9 :I* WE ATTA* CURR5TS ( ?\<T TO P>TICUL> DECADES1 WE CAN *>ACT]IZE ! N9ETE5-FIFTIES AS ! P]IOD ( ! ATTACK ON MESSIANIC POLITICAL !ORIES & ON 0IDEOLOGIES01 & WE CAN NOTE H[ IT CO9CID$ ) ?AT P]IOD 9 ! E>LY FIFTIES :5 ! MO/ IMPORTANT TOPIC DISCUSS$ AMONG ! 9TELLIG5TSIA WAS ! SOCIAL MAKE-BELIEVE ( ,U & NON-,U1 :ILE A NEW G5]ATION WAS LAM5T+ ?AT !RE W]E NO LONG] ANY CAUSES TO GET WORK$ UP AB\T4 ,!N SUDD5LY ! CLIMATE *ANG$ & ?9K+ PEOPLE F\ND !MSELVES FACE TO FACE ) ?OSE ULTIMATE QUE/IONS ( SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY ON :I* ! PR(ESSORS HAD GIV5 US SU* TANTALIZ+ H9TS4 ,SUEZ1 ,HUNG>Y1 ! ,BOMB1 ! DE?RONEM5T ( ,/AL9ISM1 MU/ HAVE MADE MILLIONS ( PEOPLE 9 BO? ,EA/ & ,WE/ ASK !MSELVES ?OSE QUE/IONS :I* RESOLVE !MSELVES 9 ! QUE/ION 0,TO :OM DO ,I [E ALLEGIANCE1 & :Y80 

,DO ,I BELONG TO MYSELF OR TO SOMEBODY ELSE1 OR SOME?+ ELSE8 ,>E MY SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS TO ! MANY 9=MAL & OV]LAPP+ SOCIAL GR\PS TO :I* ,I ADH]E ( MY [N VOLITION & CAN )DRAW FROM IF ,I WI%1 OR TO AN 5TITY :I* ,I HAVE NOT JO9$1 & :I* ASSUMES ! EXI/5CE ( A CONTRACT TO :I* ,I HAVE NOT PUT MY H&8 ,>E MY LOYALTIES TO SOCIETY OR TO ! /ATE8 

,!SE >E NOT ACADEMIC QUE/IONS4 ,!Y >E BE+ ANSW]$ TODAY BY ! /ATE 9 ITS ,C5TRAL ,CRIM9AL ,C\RT1 :]E IT IS >RAIGN+ ?OSE MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( #a :O HAVE D>$ TO ASS]T1 ?R\< DISOB$I5CE1 ?AT !IR LOYALTIES LIE ELSE:]E4 

0,WE HAVE TO />T \T0 DECL>$ ,COLE 9 #aide 0NOT FROM ! CONTRA/$ IDEAS ( ! ATOMIZ$ 9DIVIDUAL & ( ! ,/ATE1 BUT FROM MAN 9 ALL HIS COMPLEX GR\P+S & RELATIONS1 P>TIALLY EMBODI$ 9 SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ( MANY SORTS & K9DS1 NEV] 9 BALANC$ EQUILIBRIUM1 BUT ALWAYS *ANG+1 SO ?AT ! PATT]N ( LOYALTIES & ( SOCIAL BEHAVIOR *ANGES ) !M40 ,?IS APPROA* :I* IS BO? PLURALI/IC & SOCIOLOGICAL 9 ITS ORI5TATION1 EXPLA9S ! SYMPA?Y :I* ,COLE FELT = AN>*I/S LIKE ,KROPOTK91 :O ALSO S\<T 0! MO/ COMPLETE DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIVIDUALITY COMB9$ ) ! HI<E/ DEGREE ( VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION 9 ALL ITS ASPECTS1 9 ALL POSSIBLE FIELDS1 = ALL IMAG9ABLE PURPOSES 444 EV] MODIFI$ ASSOCIATIONS :I* C>RY 9 !MSELVES ! ELEM5TS ( !IR DURABILITY & CON/ANTLY ASSUME NEW =MS :I* ANSW] BE/ ! MULTIPLE ASPIRATIONS ( ALL40 

,COLE'S 0PLURALISM0 HAD ITS ANCE/RY1 ,I BELIEVE_/P>TLY 9 ! ECLECTIC & LIB]T>IAN TRADITION ?AT RUNS ?R\< ,5GLI% SOCIALISM1 & P>TLY FROM AN ACADEMIC TRADITION ?R\< ,MAITL& FROM ,GI]KE & ?OSE E>LY ,G]MAN SOCIOLOGI/S :O REACT$ AGA9/ ,G]MAN IDEALI/IC PHILOSOPHY4 ,IT WAS E*O$ REC5TLY BY ,PR(ESSOR ,$W>D ,%ILS1 9 EXPRESS+ HIS REGRET ?AT :AT TIE CALLS ! 0PLURALI/IC !ORY0 HAS 0OV] ! YE>S DEG5]AT$ 9TO A FIGM5T ( ANTIQUAT$ SYLLABI ( ,UNIV]SITY C\RSES 9 ,GOV]NM5T & ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CE40 ,HE ?9KS ?AT IT IS READY = 0A NEW & BETT] LIFE0 BECAUSE ( ITS RELEVANCE TO ! NE$S ( ! 0NEW0 NATIONS ( ,AFRICA & ,ASIA1 S9CE !Y >E SAID TO LACK :AT ,GUNN> ,MYRDAL CALLS AN 9FRA-/RUCTURE :I* IS DEF9$ AS 0! COMPLEX NETWORK ( CIVIC & 9T]E/ ORGANIZATIONS1 COOP]ATIVE SOCIETIES1 9DEP5D5T LOCAL AU?ORITIES1 TRADE UNIONS1 TRADE ASSOCIATIONS1 AUTONOM\S UNIV]SITIES1 PR(ESSIONAL BODIES1 CITIZ5'S ASSOCIATIONS = CIVIC PURPOSES & PHILOSOPHIC GR\PS1 ?R\< :I* A P>TICIPATION MORE EFFECTIVE ?AN ?AT AF=D$ BY ! USUAL 9/ITUTIONS ( REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T C\LD BE A*IEV$40 

,WELL1 ,I DON'T KN[ :Y PLURALISM 7& ! 9FRA-/RUCTURE IT IMPLIES7 %\LD BE CONF9$ TO ! TRUNK ( CA/(F POLITICAL CLO!S :I* WE HOPE MI<T COME 9 H&Y = \R POOR RELATIONS 9 ! 0NEW0 NATIONS4 ,I WANT SOME MORE EFFECTIVE 9FRA-/RUCTURE H]E1 & ,I WANT A MORE EFFECTIVE P>TICIPATION TOO1 & LIKE ,MYRDAL1 ,I SEE IT >IS+ FROM A /R5G!N+ ( SOCIETY AT ! EXP5SE ( ! /ATE4 ,:5 WE LOOK AT ! P[]LESSNESS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! SMALL FACE-TO-FACE GR\P 9 ! WORLD TODAY1 & ASK \RSELVES :Y !Y >E P[]LESS WE ANSW]1 NOT M]ELY ?AT !Y >E WEAK BECAUSE ( ! VA/ C5TRAL AGGLOM]ATIONS ( P[] 7:I* IS OBVI\S71 BUT ?AT !Y >E WEAK BECAUSE !Y HAVE SURR5D]$ !IR P[] TO ! /ATE4 ,IT IS AS ?\< EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL POSSESS$ A C]TA9 QUANTITY ( P[]1 BUT ?AT BY DEFAULT1 NEGLIG5CE1 OR ?\<TLESS & UNIMAG9ATIVE HABIT1 HE HAD ALL[$ SOME-ONE ELSE TO PICK IT UP1 RA!R ?AN USE IT HIMSELF = HIS [N PURPOSES4 

,! ,G]MAN AN>*I/ ,GU/AV ,L&AU] MADE A PR(\ND & SIMPLE CONTRIBUTION TO ! ANALYSIS ( ! /ATE & SOCIETY 9 ONE S5T5CE3 0,! /ATE IS NOT SOME?+ :I* CAN BE DE/ROY$ BY A REVOLUTION1 BUT IS A CONDITION1 A C]TA9 RELATION%IP BETWE5 HUMAN BE+S1 A MODE ( HUMAN BEHAVIOR2 WE DE/ROY IT BY CONTRACT+ O!R RELATION%IPS1 BY BEHAV+ DIFF]5TLY40 7,?IS IS A REF9EM5T ( ! IDEA ,I HAVE JU/ SUGGE/$ ( P]SONAL QUOTAS LY+ >\ND WAIT+ TO BE US$ & S9CE WE HAV5'T ! 9ITIATIVE TO USE !M \RSELVES1 BE+ ADOPT$ BY ! /ATE SO ?AT A P[] VACUUM IS AVOID$74 ,IT IS WE & NOT AN AB/RACT \TSIDE 5TITY1 ,L&AU] IMPLIES1 :O BEHAVE 9 ONE WAY OR ! O!R1 /ATE-WISE OR SOCIETY-WISE1 POLITICALLY OR SOCIALLY4 

,L&AU]'S FRI5D & EXECUTOR1 ,M>T9 ,BUB]1 9 HIS ESSAY ,SOCIETY MID ! ,/ATE BEG9S ) AN OBS]VATION ( ! ,AM]ICAN SOCIOLOGI/ ,ROB]T ,MACLV] ?AT 0TO ID5TIFY ! SOCIAL ) ! POLITICAL IS TO BE GUILTY ( ! GROSSE/ ( ALL CONFUSIONS1 :I* COMPLETELY B>S ANY UND]/&+ ( EI!R SOCIETY OR ! /ATE40 ,& HE GOES ON TO TRACE ?R\< PHILOSOPH]S FROM ,PLATO TO ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL ! CONFUSION BETWE5 ! SOCIAL & ! POLITICAL4 ,! POLITICAL PR9CIPLE1 = ,BUB]1 IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY P[]1 AU?ORITY1 HI]>*Y1 DOM9ION4 ,! SOCIAL PR9CIPLE HE SEES :]EV] M5 L9K !MSELVES 9 AN ASSOCIATION BAS$ ON A COMMON NE$ OR A COMMON 9T]E/4 

,:AT IS IT1 HE ASKS1 ?AT GIVES ! POLITICAL PR9CIPLE ITS ASC5DANCY8 ,& HE ANSW]S1 0,! FACT ?AT EV]Y PEOPLE FEELS ITSELF ?REAT5$ BY ! O!RS GIVES ! ,/ATE ITS DEF9ITE UNIFY+ P[]2 IT DEP5DS UPON ! 9/9CT ( SELF PRES]VATION ( SOCIETY ITSELF2 ! LAT5T EXT]NAL CRISIS 5ABLES IT TO GET ! UPP] H& 9 9T]NAL CRISES4 ,A P]MAN5T /ATE OI TRUE1 POSITIVE & CREATIVE PEACE BETWE5 ! PEOPLES W\LD GREATLY DIM9I% ! SUPREMACY ( ! POLITICAL PR9CIPLE OV] ! SOCIAL40 

0,ALL =MS ( GOV]NM5T0 ,BUB] GOES ON1 0HAVE ?IS 9 COMMON3 EA* POSSESSES MORE P[] ?AN IS REQUIR$ BY ! GIV5 CONDITIONS2 9 FACT1 ?IS EXCESS 9 ! CAPACITY = MAK+ DISPOSITIONS IS ACTUALLY :AT WE UND]/& BY POLITICAL P[]4 ,! MEASURE ( ?IS EXCESS1 :I* CANNOT ( C\RSE BE COMPUT$ PRECISELY1 REPRES5TS ! EXACT DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ADM9I/RATION & GOV]NM5T40 ,HE CALLS ! EXCESS ! 0POLITICAL SURPLUS0 & OBS]VES ?AT 0,IT'S JU/IFICATION D]IVES FROM ! EXT]NAL & 9T]NAL 9/ABILITY1 FROM ! LAT5T /ATE ( CRISIS BEWE5 NATIONS & )9 EV]Y NATION4 ,! POLITICAL PR9CIPLE IS ALWAYS /RONG] 9 RELATION TO ! SOCIAL PR9CIPLE ?AN ! GIV5 CONDITIONS REQUIRE4 ,! RESULT IS A CONT9U\S DIM9UTION 9 SOCIAL SPONTANEITY40 ,! CONFLICT BETWE5 !SE TWO PR9CIPLES1 DOM9ION & FREE ASSOCIATION AS ,GI]KE CALL$ !M1 RAJNITI & LOKNITI AS ,JAYAPRAKA% ,N>AYAN CALLS !M1 IS A P]MAN5T ASPECT ( ! HUMAN CONDITION4 0,! MOVEM5T ( OPPOSITION BETWE5 ! ,/ATE & SOCIETY0 SAID ,LOR5Z VON ,/E91 0IS ! CONT5T ( ! :OLE HI/ORY ( ALL PEOPLES40 ,OR AS ,KROPOTK9 PUT IT 9 ,MOD]N ,SCI5CE & ,AN>*ISM 0,?R\<\T ! HI/ORY ( \R CIVILIZATION1 TWO TRADITIONS1 TWO OPPOS$ T5D5CIES1 HAVE BE5 9 CONFLICT3 ! ,ROMAN TRADITION & ! POPUL> TRADITION1 ! IMP]IAL TRADITION & ! F$]ALI/ TRADITION1 ! AU?ORIT>IAN TRADITION & ! LIB]T>IAN TRADITION40 

,!RE IS AN 9V]SE CORRELATION BETWE5 ! TWO3 ! /R5G? ( ONE IS ! WEAKNESS ( ! O!R4 ,IF WE WANT TO /R5G!N SOCIETY WE MU/ WEAK5 ! /ATE4 ,TOTALIT>IANS ( ALL K9DS REALIZE ?IS2 :I* IS :Y !Y 9V>IABLY SEEK TO DE/ROY ?OSE SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS :I* !Y CANNOT DOM9ATE4 

,%ORN ( ! METAPHYSICS ) :I* POLITICIANS & PHILOSOPH]S HAVE 5VELOP$ IT1 ! /ATE CAN BE DEF9$ AS A POLITICAL ME*ANISM US+ =CE1 & TO ! SOCIOLOGI/ IT IS ONE AMONG MANY =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,IT IS H[EV] 0DI/+UI%$ FROM ALL O!R ASSOCIATIONS BY ITS EXCLUSIVE 9VE/M5T ) ! F9AL P[] ( CO]CION0 7,MCLV] & ,PAGE3 ,SOCIETY74 ,& AGA9/ :OM IS ?IS F9AL P[] DIRECT$8 ,IT IS DIRECT$ AT ! 5EMY )\T1 BUT IT IS AIM$ AT ! SUBJECT SOCIETY )94 

,?IS IS :Y ,BUB] DECL>ES ?AT IT IS ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! LAT5T EXT]NAL CRISIS ?AT 5ABLES ! /ATE TO GET ! UPP] H& 9 9T]NAL CRISES4 ,IS ?IS A CONSCI\S PROC$URE8 ,IS IT SIMPLY ?AT WICK$ M5 CONTROL ! /ATE8 ,OR IS IT A FUNDAM5TAL *>ACT]I/IC ( ! /ATE AS AN 9/ITUTION8 ,IT WAS BECAUSE1 :5 %E WROTE H] ,REFLECTIONS ON ,W>1 ,SIMONE ,WEIL DREW ?IS F9AL CONCLUSION1 ?AT %E DECL>$ 0,! GREAT ]ROR ( NE>LY ALL /UDIES ( W>1 AN ]ROR 9TO :I* ALL SOCIALI/S HAVE FALL51 HAS BE5 TO CONSID] W> AS AN EPISODE 9 =EIGN POLITICS1 :5 IT IS ESPECIALLY AN ACT ( 9T]IOR POLITICS1 & ! MO/ ATROCI\S ACT ( ALL40 ,= JU/ AS ,M>X F\ND ?AT 9 ! ]A ( UNRE/RA9$ CAPITALISM1 COMPETITION BETWE5 EMPLOY]S1 KN[+ NO O!R WEAPON ?AN ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK]S1 WAS TRANS=M$ 9TO A /RUGGLE ( EA* EMPLOY] AGA9/ HIS [N WORKM51 & ULTIMATELY ( ! 5TIRE EMPLOY+ CLASS AGA9/ !IR EMPLOYES1 SO ! ,/ATE USES W> & ! ?REAT ( W> AS A WEAPON AGA9/ ITS [N POPULATION4 0,S9CE ! DIRECT+ APP>ATUS HAS NO O!R WAY ( FI<T+ ! 5EMY ?AN BY S5D+ ITS [N SOLDI]S1 UND] COMPULSION1 TO !IR DEA? -- ! W> ( ONE ,/ATE AGA9/ ANO!R ,/ATE RESOLVES ITSELF 9TO A W> ( ! ,/ATE & ! MILIT>Y APP>ATUS AGA9/ ITS [N PEOPLE40 

,IT DOESN'T LOOK LIKE ?IS ( C\RSE1 IF Y\ >E P>T ( ! DIRECT+ APP>ATUS1 CALCULAT+ :AT PROPORTION ( ! POPULATION Y\ CAN AF=D TO LOSE 9 A NUCLE> W> JU/ AS ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T & 9DE$ ALL ! GOV]NM5TS ( ! ,GREAT ,P[]S >E CALCULAT+4 ,BUT IT DOES LOOK LIKE ?IS IF Y\ >E A P>T ( ! EXP5DABLE POPULATION -- UNLESS Y\ ID5TITY Y\R [N UNIMPORTANT C>CASS ) ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS -- AS MILLIONS DO44 

,9 ! #a#i? C5TURY ,T4 ,H4 ,GRE5 AV[$ ?AT W> IS ! EXPRESSION ( ! 0IMP]FECT0 /ATE1 BUT HE WAS WRONG4 ,W> IS ! HEAL? ( ! /ATE1 IT IS ITS 0F9E/ H\R01 IT EXPRESSES ITS MO/ P]FECT =M4 ,?IS IS :Y ! WEAK5+ ( ! /ATE1 ! PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T ( ITS IMP]FECTIONS IS A SOCIAL NECESSITY4 ,! /R5G!N+ ( O!R LOYALTIES1 ( ALT]NATIVE FOCI ( P[]1 ( DIFF]5T MODES ( HUMAN BEHAVIOR1 IS AN ESS5TIAL = SURVIVAL4 ,9 ! #b? C5TURY1 UNRELIABILITY1 DISOB$I5CE & SUBV]SION >E ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( RESPONSIBLE CITIZ5%IP 9 SOCIETY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bba 3 ,! ,/ATE & ,SOCIETY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,! ,/ATE & ,SOCIETY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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