,! ,!ORY ,( ,! ,9DIVIDUAL ,9 ,*9ESE ,PHILOSOPHY3 ,YANG-,*\ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&RA ,DAVID-,NEEL 

,TEXT 3 

,WE HAVE NO IDEA1 9 ,EUROPE1 ( ! DIV]SITY ( PHILOSOPHICAL !ORIES :I* HAVE ALREADY BE5 =MULAT$ 9 ,*9A4 ,! IDEA ?AT ,CONFUCIUS 5CAPSULATES ALL ( ! ?\<T ( ! YELL[ WORLD HAS TAK5 HOLD AMONG US &1 READILY1 JUDG+ ! ,*9ESE ?R\< ! DISC\RSES ( ?IS ,MA/]1 WE BELIEVE !M IRREM$IABLY DEVOT$ TO ! 0HAPPY M$IUM0 & 9CAPABLE ( ANY EXTREME ATTITUDES4 ,?IS ISN'T ! CASE4 

,! ,CELE/IAL ,EMPIRE1 %AK+ (F ! ANCI5T TORPOR TO :I* IT HAD GIV5 9 & =C$ BY ,WE/]N NATIONS TO LEAVE BEH9D ITS ANTIQUE IDEALS ( PEACE & TRANQUILITY1 IS SEEK+ TO %ORE UP1 ON NEW F\NDATIONS1 ITS LIFE & ACTIVITIES4 ,A L>GE NUMB] ( ,*9ESE1 ONE CANNOT IGNORE1 9 !IR HA/E TO TRANS=M !MSELVES1 SEEM TO BE ?R[+ ALL ( ! PHILOSOPHICAL H]ITAGE !Y HAVE RECEIV$ FROM !IR =EBE>S OV]BO>D4 ,FROM A ONCE MANIFE/ DISDA9 = ! ,WE/]N 0B>B>IANS10 !Y >E PASS+ TOO EASILY1 9 ! 9TELLECTUAL CLASSES1 TO A P]HAPS EXAGG]AT$ RESPECT = !IR ME?ODS & !IR !ORIES4 ,H[EV]1 SU* A C5TURIES-OLD ATAVISM AS ?AT ( ,*9A DOES NOT GO BACK ON EV]Y?+ IT ONCE /OOD = 9 A FEW BRIEF YE>S4 ,TOO MANY G5]ATIONS W]E RAIS$ ) A V5]ATION = ! ANTIQUE WISDOM = A L>GE NUMB] ( MOD]N P>TISANS ( SOCIAL RE=MS TO NOT TURN !IR EYES TO ! MA/]S ( ! PA/4 ,!Y %\LD BE PRAIS$ = IT4 ,)\T WANT+ TO WEI< ! VALUE ( ! PHILOSOPH]S WE'VE ADOPT$1 ! ,*9ESE CAN F9D1 9 ! ?9K]S ( !IR RACE1 ALL ( ! SPECULATIVE & SOCIAL IDEAS PUT =? BY \RS4 ,!RE HAS BE5 NO LACK ( PEOPLE1 9 ,*9A1 :O'VE REALIZ$ IT4 

,:E!R IT WAS BORN BY ?IS OBS]VATION OR BY ! P]SI/5T LOVE ( TRADITION1 !RE EXI/S1 9 ,*9A1 AN 9T]E/+ & PROM95T MOVEM5T TO BR+ ATT5TION TO C]TA9 PHILOSOPH]S :OSE !ORIES SEEM TO BE APPROPRIATE = LEAD+ M9DS D[N ! PA? ( ! SOCIAL RE=MS & TRANS=MATIONS ?AT ALL 5LI<T5$ M5 KN[ TO BE 9DISP5SABLE & 9EVITABLE4 ,IF ONE IS TO MAKE - UNJU/LY1 P]HAPS1 9 A C]TA9 REG>D - ! (FICIAL PHILOSOPH] RESPONSIBLE = ! /AGNATION ,*9A IS SUFF]+ 9 ITS M5TALITY1 ITS CIVILIZATION & ITS SCI5CE1 !N ONE MAY TURN1 AT TIMES1 TO SOME ( ?OSE EXCOMMUNICAT$ FROM ! ,CONFUCIAN OR?ODOXY4 ,!SE DEFEAT$ ONES1 !SE CURS$ ONES >E BR\<T BACK TO LI<T &1 IF NOT GLORIFI$1 AT LEA/ COMM5TAT$ ON ) >DOR4 

,IT IS 9 ?IS WAY ?AT MANY ,*9ESE WORKS HAVE BE51 9 REC5T TIMES1 DEVOT$ TO ,MEH-TI4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 BIZ>RE1 9 EFFECT1 ?AT1 FREQU5TLY 9 ,EUROPE :]E ! WORD 0SOLID>ITY0 IS1 = ! MOM5T1 9 GREAT FA%ION1 ! LETT]$ ,*9ESE HAVE NOT REALIZ$ ?AT !Y HAVE1 AMONG !IR ILLU/RI\S ?9K]S1 ! GREAT ANCE/OR ( ALL SOLID>ITY ?9K]S4 .<#a.> 

,BUT ! APOLOGY ( SOLID>ITY ASIDE1 ASIDE FROM DEMON/RAT+ ITS NECESSITY = ASSUR+ ! LIFE & P]PETUATION ( ALL SOCIAL GR\P+1 ! ,*9ESE 9TELLECTUALS MAY HAVE 5C\NT]$1 FROM US1 A T5D5CY T[>D 9DIVIDUALISM1 T[>D ! AFFIRMATION ( ! P]SONALITY ) ITS [N LIFE MORE & MORE FRE$ FROM EXT]NAL H9DRANCES1 A T5D5CY ?AT M>KS RA!R1 ! EVOLUTION ( SUP]IOR BE+S4 ,9 READ+ ,MAX ,/IRN] OR O!R APOLOGI/S ( ! 9T5SE & COMPLETE LIFE1 !Y WILL BE REM9D$ ?AT1 MANY C5TURIES BE=E WE HE>D !M1 ! BOLD LESSONS ?AT TODAY T]RIFY MANY AMONG US W]E GIV5 TO !M & ! NAME ,YANG-,T*\ WILL COME ALIVE AGA9 AS DOES HIS CONTEMPOR>Y1 ,MEH-TI4 

,= US1 SPECTATORS SURPRIS$ BY ?IS REAWAK5+ ( ! ,EXTREME-,ORI5T ?AT WE ?\<T1 /ILL BUT A FEW YE>S AGO1 A SLUGGI% PREY READY TO BE C>V$ UP BY WE/]N GRE$1 ! HI/ORY ( ?\<T ( ! SURPRIS+ YELL[ RACE IS ( EXCEPTIONAL 9T]E/4 ,BETT] YET1 & MORE SURE ?AN :AT CAN BE DRAWN FROM SUP]FICIAL FACTS1 IT IS CAPABLE ( LETT+ US GLIMPSE 9TO ! DE/9Y ( A PEOPLE :OSE SPIRIT HIDES1 FULL ( SURPRISES1 BEH9D A 0GREAT WALL0 A ?\S& TIMES MORE IMP5ETRABLE ?AN ! ONE 5CLOS+ !IR T]RITORY4 

,\R BIOGRAPHICAL 9=MATION ON ,YANG-T*\ REVEALS LITTLE4 ,IT APPE>S ?AT HE LIV$ 9 ,DALIANG1 CAPITAL ( ! ,/ATE ( ,WEI1 CIRCA ! FIF? C5TURY ,B,C4 ,WE HAVE REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT HE WAS A L&[N] ( A SMALL RURAL >EA4 ,IT DOES NOT APPE> ?AT HE EV] HELD PUBLIC (FICE1 CONTR>Y TO MANY O!R PHILOSOPH]S :O W]E FUNCTION>IES ( A MORE OR LESS HI< RANK+4 ,?IS P>TICUL>ITY IS1 = ?AT MATT]1 9 P]FECT ACCORD ) ! G5]AL T5D5CY ( HIS DOCTR9E4 

,WE POSSESS NO WORK1 OR FRAGM5T ( A WORK1 ?AT WE CAN ATTRIBUTE DIRECTLY1 EI!R TO ,YANG-T*\ OR HIS IMM$IATE DISCIPLES4 ,ONE *APT] ( A BOOK BY ,LIEH-TSE IS ! UNIQUE S\RCE ( \R DOCUM5TS4 

,LIEH-TSE WAS A P>T ( ! ,TAOI/ S*OOL4 ,IT IS QUITE /RANGE TO F9D 9 HIS WORK ?IS SORT ( 5CLAVE COMPRIS+ *APT] OR BOOK ,V,I,I1 :I* IS DEVOT$ TO V]Y DIFF]5T !ORIES FROM ?OSE HE HIMSELF PR(ESS$4 ,WE HAVE NO PRECISE OP9ION ON ! WAY ?IS HET]OG5E\S ADDITION TOOK PLACE4 

,I SIMPLY DO NOT WANT TO BE WEI<T$ D[N BY QUE/IONS ( DETAILS ?AT CAN ONLY 9T]E/ ORI5TALI/S4 ,I D>ESAY ?AT IF ! P]SONALITY ( ,YANG-T*\ HAD ABSOLUTELY NO REAL EXI/5CE1 IT MEANS LITTLE TO US4 ,WE >5'T WORRI$ AB\T A MAN1 BUT A !ORY1 A SPECIAL MANIFE/ATION ( ,*9ESE ?\<T4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ,YANG-T*\ IS TRULY A REAL FIGURE4 ,HIS NAME & HIS OEUVRE >E CIT$ QUITE CLE>LY BY SU* AU?ORS AS ,M5G-TSE 7,M5CIUS7 & ,*UANG-TSE4 ,IF WE MU/ BE IGNORANT AS TO ! P]IPETEIAS ( HIS LIFE1 WE CANNOT PLACE1 9 ANY WAY1 AS !Y HAVE TO ,LIEH-TSE1 HIS REAL EXI/5CE 9TO D\BT4 

"9 "9 "9 

,YANG-T*\ IS NOT WELL KN[N 9 ,EUROPE1 \TSIDE ( A LIMIT$ CIRCLE ( ]UDITE ORI5TALI/S4 

,NOT A S+LE /UDY HAS YET BE5 PUBLI%$ ON HIM 9 ! ,FR5* LANGUAGE4 ,ABROAD1 ! ,G]MAN S9OLOGI/ ,]N/ ,FAB]1 GAVE US A TRANSLATION ( ,YANG-T*\ EMB$D$1 AS 9 ! ORIG9AL ,*9ESE1 9 ! WORK ( ,LIEH-TSE4 ,! ,5GLI% S9OLOGUE1 ,JAMES ,LEGGE1 HAS PUBLI%$ A FEW FRAGM5TS 9 ! PROLEGOM5A ( HIS TRANSLATION ( ,M5G-TSE4 ,I CAN M5TION1 IF ONLY = ! RECORD1 A FEW L9ES ( ANALYSIS D$ICAT$ TO ,YANG-T*\ BY DE ,H>LEZ4 ,!Y >E TOO SIMPLY BRIEF TO GIVE AN IDEA ( ?IS PHILOSOPH]4 ,LA/LY1 MO/ REC5TLY1 ,DR4 ,=KE PUBLI%$ A V]Y REM>KABLE BIOGRAPHY ON ?IS SUBJECT 9 ,5GLI%4 ,HIS /UDY IS1 BY F> ! MO/ 9T]E/+ & ! MO/ COMPLETE2 ,I W\LD ADD ?AT IT SEEM$ TO ME IMBU$ BY A PHILOSOPHICAL SPIRIT & A COMPREH5SION ( ! AU?OR IT'S TRANSLAT+ :I* >E1 TOO (T51 LACK+ 9 MANY WORKS 9 ?IS G5RE4 

,I W\LD BE TEMPT$ TO APPLY TO ,YANG-T*\ ! D5OM9ATION ( AN>*I/4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ! T]M IS SO D5ATUR$1 SO DI/ORT$1 ?AT ONE CAN B>ELY HE> ! SIMPLE ETYMOLOGICAL SIGNIFICATION4 ,IT IS TO ?IS ?AT WE MU/ RETURN IF WE WANT TO ATTRIBUTE ?IS PR\D EPI!T1 WA/$ ON ! IGNORANCE ( ! MASSES1 TO \R PHILOSOPH]4 ,FROM ! PRIVATIVE A1 & >*Y1 COMM&M5T1 WE HAVE NO COMM&M5T1 & ?IS ABSOLUTE NEGATOR ( >BITR>Y COMM&M5T1 ( EXT]IOR LAW1 ( ALL PRECEPTS :OSE PR9CIPLE DOES NOT EMANATE FROM US & DOES NOT HAVE US = OBJECT & 5D1 IS1 P> EXCELL5CE1 P]SONIFI$ BY ,YANG-T*\4 

,NONE HAS FELT ) MORE 9T5SITY ?AN HE ! HORROR ( CON/RA9T1 ( >TIFICIAL MORALS1 ( CODES IMPOS+ ON 9DIVIDUALS A BEHAVIOR 9 FLAGRANT CONTRADICTION ) ! IMP]ATIVE 9JUNCTIONS ( ! NATURE 9 !M4 

,NO COMM&M5TS6 ,LIVE Y\R LIFE6 ,LIVE Y\R 9/9CT6 ,LET Y\R ORGANISM BLOSSOM & EVOLVE ACCORD+ TO ITS DEEP CON/ITUTIVE ELEM5TS4 ,BE Y\RSELF6 444 ,SU* IS ! LANGUAGE ( ,YANG-T*\4 ,HE /ATES IT )\T ANG]1 QUIETLY & ) ! PLACIDITY :I* =MS ! BASIS ( ! ,*9ESE *>ACT]4 ,MORE ?AN ! AFFIRMATIONS ( ?IS PR9CE ( 0AMORALI/S0 !MSELVES1 ! PEACEFUL ASSURANCE ) :I* HE BRU%ES ! MO/ +RA9$ PR9CIPLES ASIDE1 DISPOSES ( ! MO/ UNQUE/IONABLE DUTIES1 TR\BL$ HIS ,*RI/IAN TRANSLATORS4 ,! S+UL> SIMPLICITY ( EXPRESSION ( ?IS 0NEGATOR ( ! SACR$01 AS ,/IRN] W\LD HAVE SAID1 APPE>$ TO !M MORE APPALL+ ?AN ! MO/ ?UND]+ BLASPHEMES4 ,A BREA? ( T]ROR PASS$ ?R\< !IR S\LS & !Y SAW /&+ BE=E !M ! IRONIC & T]RIFY+ FACE ( ! 0,DEVIL04 ,MAYBE ! OLD PHILOSOPH] CAN /ILL %ATT] MORE ?AN ONE CONSCI5CE AMONG HIS NEW READ]S4 ,I WILL NOT D>E TO GU>ANTEE ! CONTR>Y4 

,! AMORALITY ( ,YANG-T*\1 ! 9VITATIONS HE ADDRESSES TO US TO LIVE \R LIFE COMPLETELY1 TO WALK 0AS \R HE>T GUIDES US10 >E BAS$ ON1 9 P>T1 ! BREVITY ( \R DAYS & ON ! ABS5CE1 9 HIS WORKS1 ( SPECULATIVE !ORIES REG>D+ PO/ MORTEM EXI/5CE4 ,YANG-T*\ REFUS$ TO GO BEYOND TANGIBLE TRU?S4 -- ,:AT IS !RE ABOVE ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ELEM5TS =M+ \R 9DIVIDUAL S5SIBILITY8 444 ,! PHILOSOPH] CAN SAY NO?+ TO US AB\T IT4 ,ONE CAN OBS]VE ?AT ,*9ESE ?9K]S HAVE1 9 G5]AL1 KEPT PRUD5TLY SIL5T ON \R DE/9IES ACROSS ! TOMB4 ,IT IS ONLY AMONG 9F]IOR CLASSES ( ! POPULATION :]E FANTA/ICAL DESCRIPTIONS ( HEAV5 & HELL ?RIVE4 ,! CULTUR$ ,*9ESE IS RATIONALI/ BY TEMP]AM5T4 ,YET1 :ILE ?IS QUE/ION1 BY A SORT ( TACIT AGREEM5T1 WAS SET ASIDE FROM ! PHILOSOPHICAL DISC\RSES & PLAY$ NO ROLE 9 ! DET]M9ATION ( NORMAL & REASONABLE CONDUCT ONE %\LD (F] MAN1 ,YANG-T*\ MADE IT1 AS IT W]E1 ! L9*P9 ( HIS TEA*+4 ,ALL ( ! ADVICE HE GIVES US LOOKS T[>D AN 9DIVIDUALITY ?AT IS EM95TLY TRANSITORY1 ?AT TOMORR[ WILL BE 0DU/ & DECAY0 ) NO?+ REMA9+1 IF NOT A GOOD OR A BAD MEMORY1 A FEW WORDS ( PRAISE OR BLAME ?AT IT WILL NEV] HE>4 

,! O!R GUID+ PR9CIPLE ( ,YANG-T*\'S TEA*+S1 LESS OP5LY EXPRESS$1 P]HAPS1 BUT EASY TO DRAW FROM NUM]\S DISC\RSES1 IS AN ABSOLUTE FAI? TO ! LAW ( ,CAUSALITY4 ,\R PHILOSOPH] IS A CONVICT$ DET]M9I/4 ,NOT 9 ! TEPID & ILLOGICAL WAY ?AT MO/ ,WE/]N]S :O ADORN !MSELVES ) ?IS TITLE - ALL ! :ILE CONS]V+ 9 !M ! REMA9D] ( ATAVI/IC IDEAS1 DELI<T+ 9 ! BELIEF ( ! DIV9E1 ! FREE >BITRATOR1 ! >BITR>Y1 GO+ BY A DISGUIS$ NAME - BUT ) ! RIGOR\S RECTITUDE ( REASON+ & D$UCTION4 ,& ?AT'S ! EXPLANATION ( HIS GLORIFICATION ( LIFE3 9T5SE1 COMPLETE1 & ABS5T ( ALL >TIFICIAL B>RI]S4 ,\R 9/9CTS >E ! VOICE ) :I* ! LAW PROP] TO ! ELEM5TS :OSE AGGLOM]ATION CON/ITUTES \R P]SON EXPRESSES ITSELF4 ,!Y COME FROM ! V]Y ESS5CE ( ! MOLECULES ?AT PRODUCE !M4 ,?AT :I* IS1 IS ?AT :I* CANNOT NOT BE4 ,IT EV5 SEEMS ?AT ,YANG-?\1 ATTA*+ EA* & EV]Y ONE ( !SE ISOLAT$ MANIFE/ATIONS TO ! ONE & ONLY LAW1 ADOPTS ALL ( !M1 EV5 ! MO/ DIV]G5T1 9TO ONE GR& ACT ( FAI? 9 ! H>MONY1 9 ! BEAUTY ( ! UNIV]SAL ORD]4 ,! ,WORLD1 HE SAYS TO PRESUMPTU\S MORALI/S1 IS NOT CONC]N$ ) Y\R SOLICITUDES1 Y\R VIRTUES1 ! RE=MS :I* Y\ CLAIM TO MAKE UPON IT1 ! B>RI]S :I* Y\1 UND] ! PRETEXT ( MAK+ IT BETT]1 OPPOSE ITS SPONTANE\S MANIFE/ATIONS4 ,! ,WORLD IS ,P]FECT4 ,Y\R [N ORD]1 DW>F$ BY N>R[ VISION1 IS BUT DISORD]4 ,LET NATURE DO :AT IT WILL & ALL WILL BE F9E4 

,! SAME CONSID]ATIONS S]VE TO PROP UP ! FAM\S DISC\RSE ON 0! HAIR04 ,?IS DISC\RSE IS HI/ORIC2 IT MU/ HAVE HAD1 9 ITS TIME1 A HUGE IMPACT1 & ,M5G-TSE M5TIONS IT ) 9DIGNATION3 0,IF 9 SACRIFIC+ ONE ( Y\R HAIRS Y\ C\LD B5EFIT TO ! :OLE UNIV]SE1 Y\ MU/ NOT SACRIFICE IT40 ,SOME UNEXPECT$ & /RIK+ DEVELOPM5TS CAME AB\T >\ND ?IS P>ADOXICAL !ME4 ,IT IS V]Y REGRETTABLE ?AT ! CONTROV]SIES1 ! APOLOGIES1 ! COMM5T>IES1 :I* W]E C]TA9LY NUM]\S1 TO :I* ?IS S5SATIONAL DOCTR9E MU/ HAVE GIV5 BIR?1 >E UNKN[N TO US4 

,IT HAS NO?+ TO DO ) H]E1 AS ONE MI<T ?9K1 A CO>SE & BANAL EGOISM1 BUT ) LOGICALLY RATIONALIZ$ !ORIES4 ,:ATEV] ONE MI<T SAY1 IT IS NOT A CALL TO FR5ETIC 5JOYM5T ?AT COMES \T ( ! !ORIES ( ,YANG-T*\1 BUT ! 9DICATION ( A RULE ( ?\<T & ACTION ?AT ! PHILOSOPH] HOLDS TO BE RATIONAL4 

,YANG-T*\ DOES NOT GET LO/ 9 ! PRIDE ( METAPHYSICAL DISS]TATIONS4 ,C]TA9LY1 HE IS 9CL9$ TO BELIEVE ?AT ! DIV]SE MOVEM5TS ?R\< :I* \R 9/9CT GUIDES US >E COORD9AT$ BY ! UNIV]SAL ORD]4 ,! HYPO!SIS IS PLAUSIBLE1 PROBABLE2 HE ADH]ES TO IT1 READILY1 BUT1 9 SUM1 PROBLEMS ( ?IS G5RE EXCE$ \R SCOPE & CANNOT BUT TICKLE \R FANCIES4 ,! REASONABLE MAN KN[S IT4 ,HE ALSO KN[S ?AT1 :ATEV] ?IS 9F9ITE UNIV]SE >\ND HIM MI<T BE1 PRACTICALLY1 HE IS HIMSELF ! C5T] & HIS ONLY 5D4 ,HE IS AW>E ( ! \TSIDE WORLD ONLY ?R\< HIMSELF &1 :5 HIS CONSCI\SNESS FADES1 HIS UNIV]SE WILL S9K ) IT4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT ,I BELIEV$ ,I C\LD RECALL ! DECL>ATION ( ,MAX ,/IRN] 9 REG>DS TO ,YANG-T*\3 0,NO?+ IS1 = ME1 ABOVE ME40 ,IT SEEM$ TO ME TO CAPABLE ( SUMM+ UP AN 5TIRE ASPECT ( HIS DOCTR9E4 ,I HAVE1 MOREOV]1 :ILE ACC\NT+ = ! DIFF]5CE 9 EXPRESSION1 F\ND A PR(\ND RESEMBLANCE BETWE5 ! OLD ,*9ESE ?9K] & ! MOD]N ,G]MAN PHILOSOPH]4 

,ANO!R CONNECTION SEEMS TO BECOME APP>5T3 ?AT BETWE5 ,YANG-T*\ & ,EPICURUS4 ,TRANSLATORS ( ,YANG-T*\1 CIT$ ABOVE1 /OPP$ !MSELVES H]E1 )\T 5T]+1 = ?AT MATT]1 9TO ANY DEVELOPM5T ON ?IS SUBJECT4 ,DOES ! POSSIBLE COMP>ISON BETWE5 ! TWO PHILOSOPH]S GO BEL[ ! SURFACE & CAN IT BE TAK5 ALL ! WAY TO ! BASIC CONCEPTIONS ?AT =M ! BASES ( !IR !ORIES8 444 ,I BELIEVE1 = MY P>T1 ?AT !RE >E C]TA9 NOTABLE DIV]G5CES1 BUT ,I WON'T D>E TO V5TURE TO SKET* !M \T 9 A FEW L9ES4 

,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 9T]E/+ TO SEE H[ ,YANG-T*\ UND]/OOD ! APPLICATION ( HIS !ORIES 9 SOCIAL LIFE4 ,BUT \R CURIOSITY WILL NEV] BE SATISFI$4 ,:ILE ,MEH-DI WROTE AT L5G? ON H[ HIS LAW ( SOLID>ITY %\LD BE UND]/OOD & APPLI$1 ,YANG-T*\ DID NOT 5VISAGE1 9 ANY ( HIS WORKS1 ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( ! C\NTRY4 ,IS ?IS GAP DUE TO ! FACT ?AT ! TEXTS :I* ADDRESS ?IS QUE/ION HAVE NOT REA*$ US1 OR DID ! PHILOSOPH] TRULY LEAVE IT ASIDE8 ,WE CANNOT PR(ESS TO KN[4 ,D\BTLESS1 IF ,YANG-T*\ HAD 5T]$ ?IS T]RITORY1 WE W\LD NOT HAVE SE5 HIM DEMON/RATE ?AT HIS LAW ( EGOISM & FREE EXPANSION ( 9DIVIDUAL 9/9CTS FITS ) A SOCIETY :]E1 )\T HYPOCRITICAL DEMON/RATIONS1 BUT PRACTICALLY1 M5 W\LD SUPPORT ONE ANO!R MUTUALLY ) MORE USEFULNESS & B5EVOL5CE4 ,DID ,MEH-TI NOT E/ABLI%1 9 ?IS WAY1 ?AT 9T5SIVE 0,UNIV]SAL ,LOVE01 SOLID>ITY & ALTRUISM W\LD S]VE1 MORE ?AN ANY O!R PROC$URE1 ! 9T]E/S ( \R EGOISM8 

"9 "9 "9 

,A S+LE EXCEPTION1 P]HAPS1 AMONG ! ?9K]S ( HIS TIME & PLACE1 ,YANG-T*\ /&S \T ALMO/ AS BOLDLY1 TODAY1 AMONG \R MOD]N PHILOSOPH]S4 ,:ILE \R CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETIES1 REJECT+ OLD DOGMAS ON ! ONE H&1 &1 CL++ /UBBORNLY TO ! $UCATIONAL SY/EMS & ! MORAL =MULAS !Y ISSUE ON ! O!R1 DEBATE ONE ANO!R 9 AN 9COH]5T CONFUSION1 WE MAY F9D SOME 9T]E/ - & MAYBE 5JOYM5T - 9 LI/5+ TO ! LESSONS ( ?IS 9DEP5D5T SPIRIT4 

,:51 CONSID]+1 9 ITS WAKE1 ! CR[D ( PEOPLE HEAD+ = ! TOMB1 B\ND BY PREJUDICES & S9K+ 9TO ! FATAL *ASM )\T EV] HAV+ SUSPECT$ :AT IT MEANS TO LIVE1 WE CRY \T ) HIM3 ,H[ DO !Y DIFF] FROM CRIM9ALS 9 *A9S8 ,P]HAPS WE W\LD BE CLOS] TO A REAL COMPREH5SION ( EXI/5CE1 CLOS]1 AT ! V]Y LEA/1 TO F9D+ :E!R !RE IS1 \TSIDE ( ! BURLESQUE & TRAGIC MANN] ) :I* WE CONCEIVE 9DIVIDUAL LIFE & SOCIAL RELATIONS1 ANO!R1 MORE NORMAL1 WAY ( BE+ &1 LEAV+1 MORE F]TILE ) JOY4 

,IF ,YANG-T*\ CAN 9CITE US TO PURSUE ?IS RESE>*1 9SPIRE 9 US ?IS AUDACI\S - & MORE >DU\S TO REALIZE ?AN ONE ?9KS - RESOLUTION TO LIVE ! FULLE/ LIFE WE MI<T HOLD 9 \R EMBRACE BY US & = US1 TO HOLD SU* A LESSON ( VIRILE & 9TELLIG5T 5]GY 9 \R HE>T & 9 \R SPIRIT WILL BE1 MORE ?AN EV]1 USEFUL & B5EFICIAL4 

.<#a.> ,ON ,MEH-TI1 SEE3 0,LE ,PHILOSOPHE ,MEH-TI ET L'IDEE DE SOLID>ITE01 BY ,ALEX&RA ,DAVID-,NEEL 7,LUZAC1 ,LONDON2 ,VICTORION1 ,P>IS71 REPR9T$ BY ,PLON PUBLI%]S 9 0,DEUX ,MAITRES ,*9OIS04 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #b#h1 #bb 3 ,! ,!ORY ,( ,! ,9DIVIDUAL ,9 ,*9ESE ,PHILOSOPHY3 ,YANG-,*\ -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,!ORY ,( ,! ,9DIVIDUAL ,9 ,*9ESE ,PHILOSOPHY3 ,YANG-,*\ -- ,UPDAT$4 

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