,! ,WOODCUTS ( ,GO?IC ,BOOKS ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS ,TEXT 3 ,I %ALL PRES5TLY HAVE ! PLEASURE ( %[+ Y\ 9 SOME K9D ( SEQU5CE A NUMB] ( ILLU/RATIONS TAK5 FROM BOOKS ( ! FIFTE5? & FIR/ YE>S ( ! SIXTE5? C5TURIES4 ,BUT BE=E ,I DO SO ,I WI% TO READ TO Y\ A FEW REM>KS ON ! G5ESIS & ! QUALITY ( ! K9D ( >T REPRES5T$ BY !SE EXAMPLES1 & ! LESSONS :I* !Y TEA* US4 ,S9CE ! E>LIE/ ( ?OSE ,I HAVE TO %[ IS PROBABLY NOT E>LI] 9 DATE ?AN AB\T #a#d#b1 & ALMO/ ALL >E MORE ?AN FIFTY YE>S LAT] ?AN ?AT1 IT IS CLE> ?AT !Y BELONG TO ! LATE/ P]IOD ( ,M$IEVAL >T1 & ONE OR TWO MU/ =MALLY BE REF]R$ TO ! E>LIE/ DAYS ( ! ,R5AISSANCE1 ?\< 9 SPIRIT ?AT >E /ILL ,GO?IC4 ,9 FACT1 IT IS CURI\S TO NOTE ! SUDD5NESS ( ! SUPPLANT+ ( ! ,GO?IC BY ! NEO-CLASSICAL /YLE 9 SOME 9/ANCES1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,G]MANY3 E4G41 ! LAT] BOOKS PUBLI%$ BY ! GREAT ,NUREMB]G PR9T]1 ,KOB]G]1 9 ! F\RTE5-N9ETIES1 BOOKS LIKE ! ,NUREMB]G ,*RONICLE1 & ! ,S*ATZBEHALT]1 %[ NO SIGN ( ! COM+ *ANGE1 BUT T5 YE>S WORN1 & HEY1 PRE/O1 NOT A P>TICLE ( ,GO?IC ORNAM5T CAN BE F\ND 9 ANY ,G]MAN PR9T$ BOOK1 ?\<1 AS ,I ?9K1 ! FIGURE-WORKS ( ONE GREAT MAN1 ,ALB]T ,DUR]1 W]E ,GO?IC 9 ESS5CE4 ,! MO/ P>T ( !SE BOOKS1 9 FACT ALL ( !M 9 ! E>LI] DAYS 7! EXCEPTIONS BE+ MA9LY C]TA9 SPL5DIDLY ORNAM5T$ ,FR5* BOOKS1 9CLUD+ ! SUMPTU\S ,BOOKS ( ,H\RS71 W]E MEANT = POPUL> BOOKS3 ! GREAT !OLOGICAL FOLIOS1 ! LAW BOOKS1 ! DECRETALS1 & SU* LIKE ( ! E>LI] ,G]MAN PR9T]S1 ?\< MIRACLES ( TYPOGRAPHICAL BEAUTY1 IF ORNAM5T$ AT ALL1 W]E ORNAM5T$ BY ! ILLUM9ATOR1 ) ! S+LE EXCEPTION ( ,GUT5BURG'S SPL5DID ,PSALT]1 :I* GIVES US AT ONCE ! FIR/ & ! BE/ PIECE ( ORNAM5TAL COLOR-PR9T+ YET A*IEV$4 ,AGA91 ! DA9TY & P]FECT VOLUMES ( ! CLASSICS PRODUC$ BY ! E>LI] ,ROMAN & ,V5ETIAN PR9T]S DISDA9$ ! HELP ( WOOD BLOCKS1 ?\< !Y W]E (T5 BEAUTIFULLY ILLUM9AT$1 & IT WAS NOT TILL AFT] ! DAYS ( ,J5SON1 ! ,FR5*MAN :O BR\ES1 & W]E SOLD F> *EAP] ?AN ! UNADORN$ PAGES ( ! GREAT PR9T]S4 ,IT MU/ BE NOT$ 9 CONFIRMATION ( ! VIEW ?AT ! WOODCUT BOOKS W]E *EAP BOOKS1 ?AT 9 MO/ CASES !Y W]E V]NACUL> $ITIONS ( BOOKS ALREADY PR9T$ 9 ,LAT94 ,! WORK1 !N1 :I* ,I AM AB\T TO %[ Y\ HAS FIR/ ! DISADVANTAGE ( ! RUD5ESS LIKELY TO DISFIGURE *EAP =MS ( >T 9 A TIME ?AT LACK$ ! RES\RCE ( SLIPP]Y PLAUSIBILITY :I* HELPS \T *EAP >T AT ! PRES5T DAY1 & SECONDLY1 ! DISADVANTAGE ( BELONG+ TO ! OLD AGE RA!R ?AN Y\? OR VIGOR\S MANHOOD ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT IS >T1 & NOT A M]E TRADE ^*>TICLE'2 & ?\< IT WAS PRODUC$ BY ! DY+ ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 !Y W]E NOT YET DEAD :5 IT WAS CURR5T1 SO ?AT IT YET RETA9S MU* ( ! QUALITIES ( ! MORE HOPEFUL P]IOD2 & 9 ADDITION1 ! NECESSITY ( ADAPT+ ! CURR5T DESIGN TO A NEW MAT]IAL & ME?OD GAVE IT A SPECIAL LIFE1 :I* IS FULL ( 9T]E/ & 9/RUCTION = >TI/S ( ALL TIMES :O >E ABLE TO KEEP !IR EYES OP54 ,ALL ORGANIC >T1 ALL >T ?AT IS G5U9ELY GR[+1 OPPOS$ TO RHETORICAL1 RETROSPECTIVE1 OR ACADEMICAL >T1 >T :I* HAS NO REAL GR[? 9 IT1 HAS TWO QUALITIES 9 COMMON3 ! EPICAL & ! ORNAM5TAL2 ITS TWO FUNCTIONS >E ! TELL+ ( A /ORY & ! ADORNM5T ( A SPACE OR TANGIBLE OBJECT4 ,! LABOR & +5UITY NECESS>Y = ! PRODUCTION ( ANY?+ ?AT CLAIMS \R ATT5TION AS A WORK ( >T >E WA/$1 IF !Y >E EMPLOY$ ON ANY?+ ELSE ?AN !SE TWO AIMS4 ,M$IEVAL >T1 ! RESULT ( A LONG UNBROK5 S]IES ( TRADITION1 IS PREEM95T = ITS GRASP ( !SE TWO FUNCTIONS1 :I*1 9DE$1 9T]P5ETRATE !N MORE ?AN 9 ANY O!R P]IOD4 ,NOT ONLY IS ALL ITS SPECIAL >T OBVI\SLY & SIMPLY BEAUTIFUL AS ORNAM5T1 BUT ITS ORNAM5T ALSO IS VIVIFI$ ) =CIBLE MEAN+1 SO ?AT NEI!R 9 ONE OR ! O!R DOES ! LIFE EV] FLAG1 OR ! S5SU\S PLEASURE ( ! EYE EV] LACK4 ,Y\ HAVE NOT GOT TO SAY1 ,N[ Y\ HAVE Y\R /ORY1 H[ >E Y\ GO+ TO EMBELLI% IT8 ,NOR1 ,N[ Y\ HAVE MADE Y\R BEAUTY1 :AT >E Y\ GO+ TO DO ) IT8 ,= H]E >E ! TWO TOGE!R1 9SEP>ABLY A P>T ( EA* O!R4 ,NO D\BT ! =CE ( TRADITION1 :I* CULM9AT$ 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 HAD MU* TO DO ) ?IS UNITY ( EPICAL DESIGN & ORNAM5T4 ,IT SUPPLI$ DEFICI5CIES ( 9DIVIDUAL BY COLLECTIVE IMAG9ATION 7COMP>E ! CON/ANTLY RECURR+ PHRASES & L9ES 9 G5U9E EPICAL OR BALLAD POETRY72 IT 5SUR$ ! 9H]ITANCE ( DEFT CRAFTSMAN%IP & 9/9CT = BEAUTY 9 ! SUCCESSION ( ! G5]ATIONS ( WORKM52 & IT CULTIVAT$ ! APPRECIATION ( GOOD WORK BY ! G5U9E PUBLIC4 ,N[-A-DAYS >TI/S WORK ESS5TIALLY = >TI/S1 & LOOK ON ! IGNORANT LAYMAN ) A CONTEMPT1 :I* EV5 ! NECESSITY ( E>N+ A LIVELIHOOD CANNOT =CE !M :OLLY TO DISGUISE4 ,9 ! TIMES ( >T1 !Y HAD NO ONE BUT >TI/S TO WORK =1 S9CE EV]YONE WAS A POT5TIAL >TI/4 ,N[1 9 SU* A P]IOD1 :5 WRITT5 LIT]ATURE WAS /ILL DIV9E1 & ALMO/ MIRACUL\S TO M51 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT BOOKS %\LD FAIL TO HAVE A DUE %>E 9 ! EPICAL-ORNAM5TAL >T ( ! TIME4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ! OPPORTUNITIES (F]$ BY ! PAGES :I* CONTA9$ ! WISDOM @& KN[L$GE ( P>T @& PRES5T TIMES W]E CULTIVAT$ TO ! UTMO/4 ,! E>LY ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 BEG9N+ ) ! WOND]FUL CALLIGRAPHY ( ! ,IRI% ,M,S,S41 W]E1 ABOVE ALL TIMES1 ! EPO* ( WRIT+4 ,! PAGES ( ALMO/ ALL BOOKS1 FROM ! EIE BEAUTIFUL1 EV5 )\T ! ADDITION ( ORNAM5T4 ,9 ?OSE ?AT >E ORNAM5T$ )\T PICTURES ILLU/RATIVE ( ! TEXT1 ! EYE IS SO PLEASUR$1 & ! FANCY SO TICKL$ BY ! BEAUTY & EXHAU/LESS *E]FUL 9V5TION ( ! ILLUM9ATOR1 ?AT ONE SC>CELY V5TURES TO ASK ?AT ! TALE EMBODI$ 9 ! WRITT5 *>ACT]S %\LD BE FUR!R ILLU/RAT$4 ,BUT :5 ?IS IS DONE1 & ! BOOK IS FULL ( PICTURES1 :I* TELL ! WRITT5 TALE AGA9 ) ! MO/ CONSCI5TI\S DIRECTNESS ( DESIGN1 & AS TO EXECUTION ) GREAT PURITY ( \TL9E & EXTREME DELICACY ( COLOR1 WE CAN SAY A LITTLE MORE ?AN ?AT ! ONLY WORK ( >T :I* SURPASSES A COMPLETE ,M$IEVAL BOOK IS A COMPLETE ,M$IEVAL BUILD+4 ,?IS MU/ BE SAID1 ) ! LEA/ QUALIFICATION1 ( ! BOOKS ( FROM AB\T #aaf TO #a#c4 ,AFT] ?IS DATE1 ! WORK LOSES1 9 PURITY & SIMPLICITY1 MORE ?AN IT GA9S 9 PICTORIAL QUALITIES1 &1 AT LA/1 AFT] ! MIDDLE ( ! FIFTE5? C5TURY1 ILLUM9AT$ BOOKS LOSE MU* ( !IR 9DIVIDUALITY ON ! ORNAM5TAL SIDES2 &1 ?\< !Y >E /ILL BEAUTIFUL1 >E MO/LY ONLY R$EEM$ FROM COMMONPLACE :5 ! M9IATURES 9 !M >E EXCELL5T4 ,BUT H]E COMES 9 ! NEW ELEM5T1 GIV5 BY ! 9V5TION ( PR9T+1 & ! GRADUAL %OV+ \T ( ! SCRIBE BY ! PUN*-CUTT]1 ! TYPEF\ND]1 & ! PR9T]4 ,! FIR/ PR9T$ *>ACT]S W]E AS EXACT REPRODUCTIONS ( ! WRITT5 ONES AS ! NEW CRAFTSM5 C\LD COMPASS1 EV5 TO ! EXT5T ( ! COPY+ ( ! 9F]NAL ABBREVIATIONS :I* HAD GRADUALLY CREPT 9TO MANUSCRIPT2 BUT1 AS ,I HAVE ALREADY M5TION$1 ! PRODUC]S ( S]I\S BOOKS DID NOT AT FIR/ SUPPLEM5T ! WORK ( ! ILLUM9ATOR BY ?AT ( ! WOOD-CUTT]1 EI!R 9 PICTURE WORK OR ORNAM5T4 ,9 FACT ! >T ( PR9T+ PICTURES FROM WOOD BLOCKS IS E>LI] ?AN ?AT ( PR9T+ BOOKS1 & IS UND\BT$LY ! P>5T ( BOOK ILLU/RATION4 ,! FIR/ WOODCUTS W]E SEP>ATE PICTURES ( RELIGI\S SUBJECTS1 CIRCULAT$ = ! $IFICATION ( ! FAI?FUL1 9 EXI/+ EXAMPLES G5]ALLY COLOR$ BY H&1 & C]TA9LY ALWAYS 9T5D$ TO BE COLOR$4 ,! E>LIE/ ( !SE MAY BE AS OLD AS #a#c#h1 & !RE >E MANY :I* HAVE BE5 DAT$ 9 ! FIR/ HALF ( ! FIFTE5? C5TURY2 ?\< ! DATES >E MO/LY RA!R A MATT] ( SPECULATION4 ,BUT ! DEVELOPM5T ( BOOK ILLU/RATION PROP] BY NO MEANS PUT AN 5D TO !IR PRODUCTION4 ,MANY W]E DONE BETWE5 #ade & #a#d#i1 & SOME 9 ! FIR/ YE>S ( ! SIXTE5? C5TURY2 BUT ! E>LI] ONES ONLY HAVE ANY SPECIAL *>ACT] 9 !M4 ,( !SE1 SOME >E CUT RUDELY & SOME TIMIDLY ALSO1 BUT SOME >E FAIRLY WELL CUT1 & FEW SO ILL ?AT ! EXPRESSION ( ! DESIGN IS NOT RETA9$4 ,! DESIGN ( MO/ ( !SE E>LY WORKS IS MO/LY ADMIRABLE1 & AS F> REMOV$ FROM ! COMMONPLACE AS POSSIBLE2 MANY1 NAY MO/ ( !SE CUTS1 >E F9E EXPRESSIONS ( ?AT PASSIONATE PIETISM ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES :I* HAS BE5 SOME:AT VEIL$ FROM US BY ! /RANG5ESS1 & EV5 GROTESQU5ESS :I* HAS M+L$ ) IT1 BUT ! REALITY ( :I* IS NOT D\BTFUL TO ?OSE :O HAVE /UDI$ ! P]IOD )\T PREJUDICE4 ,AMONG !SE MAY BE CIT$ A DESIGN ( ,*RI/ BE+ PRESS$ 9 ! W9E PRESS1 PROBABLY AS E>LY AS ! 5D ( ! F\RTE5? C5TURY1 :I* MAY /& )\T DISADVANTAGE BESIDE A F9E WORK ( ! ?IRTE5? C5TURY4 ,! NEXT /EP T[>DS BOOK ILLU/RATION BR+S US TO ! BLOCK-BOOKS1 9 :I* ! PICTURE-CUTS >E ACCOMPANI$ BY A TEXT1 ALSO CUT ON WOOD2 ! FOLIOS BE+ PR9T$ BY RUBB+ (F ON ONE SIDE ONLY4 ,! SUBJECT ( ! ORIG9 ( ! MO/ NOTEWOR?Y ( !SE BOOKS1 ! ,>S ,MORI5DI1 ! ,LORD'S ,PRAY]1 ! ,SONG ( ,SOLOMON1 ! ,BIBLIA ,PAUP]UM1 ! ,APOCALYPSE1 & ! ,SPECULUM ,HUMANAE ,SALVATIONIS1 HAS BE5 DEBAT$1 ALONG ) ! QUE/ION ( ! FIR/ PR9T] BY MEANS ( MOVABLE TYPES1 ) MORE ACRIMONY ?AN IT W\LD SEEM TO NE$4 ,I1 NOT BE+ A LE>N$ P]SON1 WILL NOT ADD ONE WORD TO ! CONTROV]SY2 IT IS 5\< TO SAY ?AT !SE WORKS W]E DONE SOME:]E BETWE5 ! YE>S #adc & #a#d#f1 & ?AT !IR /YLE WAS ALMO/ 5TIRELY DOM9ANT ?R\<\T ! ,GO?IC P]IOD 9 ,FL&]S & ,HOLL&1 :ILE IT HAD LITTLE 9FLU5CE ON ! ,G]MAN WOOD-CUTT]S4 ,= ! RE/1 ALL !SE BOOKS HAVE GREAT M]IT AS WORKS ( >T2 IT W\LD BE DIFFICULT TO F9D MORE DIRECT OR MORE POETICAL R5D]+ ( ! EV5TS GIV5 ?AN ?OSE ( ! ,SPECULUM ,HUMANAE ,SALVATIONIS2 OR MORE ELEGANT & T\*+ DESIGNS ?AN ?OSE 9 ! ,SONG ( ,SOLOMON4 ,! CUTS ( ! ,BIBLIA ,PAUP]UM >E R\<]1 BUT FULL ( VIGOR & P[] ( EXPRESSION4 ,! ,>S ,MORI5DI IS V]Y WELL DRAWN & EXECUT$1 BUT ! SUBJECT IS NOT SO 9T]E/+4 ,! ,APOCALYPSE & ! ,LORD'S ,PRAY] >E BO? ( !M EXCELL5T1 ! =M] BE+ SC>CELY 9F]IOR 9 DESIGN TO ! BE/ ( ! ,APOCALYPSE PICTURE ,M,S,S4 ( ! 5D ( ! ?IRTE5? C5TURY4 ,WE HAVE N[ COME TO ! WOODCUTS :I* ORNAM5T ! REGUL> BOOKS ( ! ,GO?IC P]IOD1 :I* BEGAN SOME:AT TIMIDLY1 ! TWO EXAMPLES 9 ,G]MANY & ,ITALY1 NOT F> REMOV$ FROM EA* O!R 9 DATE1 BE+ ! ,HI/ORIE VON ,JOSEPH1 ,DANIEL1 ,JUDI?1 UND ,ES!R1 PR9T$ BY ,ALBRE*T ,PFI/]1 AT ,BAMB]G1 9 #a#d#f#b2 & ! ,M$ITATIONS ( ,TURRECREMATA 7OR ,TORQUEMADA71 PR9T$ AT ,ROME BY ,ULRIC ,HAHN1 9 ! YE> #a#d#f#g1 :I* LATT]1 ?\< TAK5 BY ! COMM& ( ! ,POPE FROM ! FRESCOES ( A ,ROMAN ,*UR* 7,/A ,M>IA ,SOPRA ,M9]VA7 >E AS ,G]MAN AS NE$ BE1 & V]Y RUDE 9 DRAW+ & EXECUTION1 ?\< NOT )\T SPIRIT4 ,BUT1 AFT] ?IS DATE1 ! S*OOL ( WOOD-C>V+ DEVELOP$ RAPIDLY2 &1 ON ! :OLE1 ,G]MANY1 :I* HAD BE5 V]Y BACKW>D 9 ! >T ( ILLUM9ATION1 N[ L$ ! NEW >T4 ,! MA9 S*OOLS W]E ?OSE ( ,ULM & ,AUGSBURG1 ( ,MA9Z1 ( ,/RASBURG1 ( ,BASEL1 & ( ,NUREMBURG1 ! LATT] BE+ ! LAT]4 ,! EXAMPLES :I* ,I %ALL PRES5TLY HAVE ! PLEASURE ( %[+ Y\ >E :OLLY ( ! FIR/ & ! LA/1 AS BE+ ! MO/ REPRES5TATIVE1 ,ULM & ,AUGSBURG ( ! E>LI] /YLE1 ,NUREMBURG ( ! LAT]4 ,BUT ,I MILI] ,BASEL BOOKS1 NOTABLY ,B]N>D ,RI*EL'S ,SPECULUM ,HUMANAE ,SALVATIONIS1 >E V]Y NOTEWOR?Y2 & ?AT1 9 ! F\RTE5-EIACT] TO ONE OR O!R ( !SE S*OOLS4 ,9 ,HOLL& & ,FL&]S !RE WAS A NOBLE S*OOL ( WOOD-CUTT+1 DELICATELY DECORATIVE 9 *>ACT]1 & V]Y DIRECT & EXPRESSIVE1 BE+1 AS ,I SAID1 ! DIRECT DESC5DANT ( ! BLOCK-BOOKS4 ,! NAME ( ! PR9T]S :O PRODUC$ MO/ BOOKS ( ?IS S*OOL WAS ,G]>D ,LEEU 7OR ,LION71 :O PR9T$ FIR/ AT ,G\DA1 & AFT]W>DS AT ,ANTW]P4 ,BUT ,COL>D ,MANSION1 ( ,BRUGES1 :O PR9T$ FEW BOOKS1 & WAS ! MA/] ( ,CAXTON 9 ! >T ( PR9T+1 TURN$ \T A FEW V]Y F9E SPECIM5S ( ILLU/RAT$ BOOKS4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ REM>KABLE ILLU/RAT$ WORKS PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,L[ ,C\NTRIES - :I* ,I M5TION = ITS PECULI>ITY - IS ! ,*EVALI] ,DELIB]E 7AN ALLEGORICAL POEM ON ! DEA? ( ,*>LES ! ,RA%71 & ,I REGRET NOT BE+ ABLE TO %[ Y\ A SLIDE ( IT1 AS IT C\LD NOT BE DONE SATISFACTORILY4 ,?IS BOOK1 PUBLI%$ AT ,S*I$AM 9 #a#e1 DECID$LY LEANS T[>DS ! ,FR5* 9 /YLE1 RA!R ?AN ! NATIVE MANN] D$UC$ FROM ! E>LI] BLOCK-BOOKS4 ,FRANCE BEGAN BO? PR9T+ & BOOK ILLU/RATION SOME:AT LATE1 MO/ ( ITS IMPORTANT ILLU/RAT$ WORKS BELONG+ TO A P]IOD BETWE5 ! YE>S ( #adhe & #a#e#b2 BUT %E GRASP$ ! >T ( BOOK DECORATION ) A FIRMNESS & COMPLET5ESS V]Y *>ACT]I/IC ( ,FR5* G5IUS2 &1 ALSO1 %E C>RI$ ON ! ,GO?IC MANN] LAT] ?AN ANY O!R NATION4 ,= DECORATIVE QUALITIES1 NO?+ CAN EXCEL ! ,FR5* BOOKS1 & MANY ( ! PICTURE-CUTS1 BESIDES !IR DECORATIVE M]ITS1 HAVE AN ADDITIONAL 9T]E/ 9 ! ROMANTIC QUALITY :I* !Y 9TRODUCE3 !Y ALL LOOK AS IF !Y MI?UR OR ,TRI/RAM4 ,9 ,ITALY1 FROM AB\T #adh ONW>D1 BOOK ILLU/RATIONS BECAME COMMON1 GO+ H&-9-H& ) ! DEGRADATION ( PR9T+1 AS ,I SAID BE=E4 ,! TWO GREAT S*OOLS 9 ,ITALY >E ?OSE ( ,FLOR5CE & ,V5ICE4 ,I ?9K IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT1 ON ! :OLE1 ! =M] CITY BORE AWAY ! BELL FROM ,V5ICE1 9 SPITE ( ! FAM\S ,ALD9E ,POLIPHILUS1 ! CUTS 9 :I*1 BY ! WAY1 >E V]Y UNEQUAL4 ,!RE >E A GOOD MANY BOOK ILLU/RATIONS PUBLI%$ 9 ,ITALY1 ,I %\LD M5TION1 LIKE ?OSE TO ,ULRIC ,HAHN'S ,M$ITATIONS ( ,TURRECREMATA1 :I* >E PURELY ,G]MAN 9 /YLE2 :I* IS ONLY TO BE EXPECT$ FROM ! FACT ( ! E>LY PR9T]S 9 ,ITALY BE+ MO/LY ,G]MANS4 ,I AM SORRY TO HAVE TO SAY IT1 BUT ,5GL& CANNOT BE SAID TO HAVE A S*OOL ( ,GO?IC BOOK ILLU/RATION2 ! CUTS 9 \R E>LY PR9T$ BOOKS >E1 AT ! BE/1 ,FR5* OR ,FLEMI% BLOCKS PRETTY WELL COPI$2 AT ! WOR/1 !Y >E V]Y BADLY COPI$4 ,?IS LAM5TABLE FACT IS CURI\S1 CONSID]$ ALONG ) :AT IS ALSO A FACT3 ?AT 9 ! ?IRTE5? & F\RTE5? C5TURIES ! ,5GLI% W]E1 ON ! :OLE1 ! BE/ BOOK DECORATORS4 ,I HAVE A FEW MORE WORDS TO SAY YET ON ! PRACTICAL LESSONS TO BE D]IV$ FROM ! /UDY ( !SE WORKS ( >T2 BUT BE=E ,I SAY !M1 ,I WILL %[ Y\1 BY Y\R LEAVE1 ! SLIDES TAK5 FROM EXAMPLES ( !SE WOODCUTS4 ,ONLY ,I MU/ TELL Y\ FIR/1 :AT D\BTLESS MANY ( Y\ KN[1 ?AT !SE OLD BLOCKS W]E NOT PRODUC$ BY ! GRAV] ON ! 5D SECTION ( A PIECE ( F9E-GRA9$ WOOD 7BOX N[ 9V>IABLY71 BUT BY ! KNIFE ON ! PLANK SECTION ( PE>-TREE OR SIMIL> WOOD3 A MU* MORE DIFFICULT FEAT :5 ! CUTS W]E F9E1 AS1 E4G41 9 ,LUTZELB]G]'S M>VEL\S CUTS ( ! ,DANCE ( ,DEA?4 ,MR4 ,MORRIS !N %[$ A S]IES ( LANT]N SLIDES1 :I* HE DESCRIB$ AS FOLL[S3 #a4 ,?IS IS TAK5 FROM ! ,>S ,MORI5DI1 DATE AB\T #a#d#b4 ,Y\ MAY CALL IT ,FLEMI% OR ,DUT*1 SUBJECT TO RAIS+ ! CONTROV]SY ,I M5TION$ JU/ N[4 #b4 ,! ,SONG ( ,SOLOMON1 AB\T ! SAME DATE4 #c4 ,FROM ! FIR/ ILLU/RAT$ BOOK ( ! ,ULM S*OOL4 ,! ,R5[N$ & ,NOBLE ,LADIES ( ,BOCCACCIO4 ,IT BEG9S ) ,ADAM & ,EVE4 ,! 9ITIAL LETT] IS V]Y *>ACT]I/IC ( ! ,ULM S*OOL ( ORNAM5T4 ,! TRAIL ( ! S]P5T =MS ! ,S1 & 9 ! KNOTS ( ! TAIL >E LITTLE FIGURES REPRES5T+ ! SEV5 DEADLY S9S4 #d4 ,ANO!R PAGE FROM ! SAME BOOK4 ,C]ES & ! ,>T ( ,AGRICULTURE4 ,ONE ( ! GREAT DRAWBACKS TO WOOD BLOCK PR9T+ 9 ?OSE TIMES WAS ! WEAKNESS ( ! PRESSES4 ,!IR ONLY RES\RCE WAS TO PR9T ) ! PAP] V]Y WET1 & ) V]Y S(T PACK+1 SO ?AT ! BLOCK W5T WELL 9TO ! PAP]2 BUT MANY BOOKS1 & ?IS AMONG O!RS1 HAVE SUFF]$ MU* FROM ?IS CAUSE4 #e4 ,ANO!R PAGE ( ! SAME BOOK4 ,! DATE IS #a#d#g#c4 #f4 ,?IS IF FROM AN ,AUGSBURG BOOK1 ,SPECULUM ,HUMANAE ,VIAE1 WRITT5 BY A ,SPANI% BI%OP1 :I* WAS A GREAT FAVORITE 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,IT GIVES ! ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ( ALL CONDITIONS ( LIFE4 ,?IS BLOCK CONTA9S A G5EALOGICAL TREE ( ! ,HAPSBURG FAMILY1 & IS AN EXCE$+LY BEAUTIFUL PIECE ( ORNAM5TAL DESIGN V]Y WELL CUT4 #g4 ,FROM ! SAME BOOK2 REPRES5T+ NOT ! ,FIVE ,ALLS1 ) :I* Y\ >E FAMILI>1 BUT ! ,F\R ,ALLS2 ! G5TLEMAN1 ! M]*ANT1 ! NOBLEMAN1 & ! POOR MAN1 :O IS ! SUPPORT ( ! :OLE LOT1 ) HIS TOES COM+ ?R\< HIS %OES4 ,?IS IS A F9E SPECIM5 ( ! PR9T+ ( ,GUN!R ,ZA9]4 ,! 9ITIAL LETT]S >E V]Y H&SOME 9 ALL !SE ,AUGSBURG BOOKS4 #h4 ,!RE IS A PICTURE ( ! ,UNJU/ ,LAWY]1 FROM ! SAME BOOK1 TAK+ MONEY FROM BO? SIDES4 ,! DATE ( ?IS BOOK IS AB\T #a#d#g#e4 #i4 ,FROM ,ESOP'S ,FABLES1 A REPRODUCTION ( ! ,ULM ,ESOP1 BY ,ANTONY ,SORG1 ( ,AUGSBURG 7BUT ! PICTURES >E PR9T$ FROM ! SAME BLOCKS71 ! ,FLY ON ! ,:EEL1 & ! ,JACKDAW & ,PEACOCK4 ,!SE DESIGNS = ! ,ESOP PICTURES W5T ALL ?R\< ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 ) V]Y LITTLE ALT]ATION4 #a4 ,K+ ,/ORK & ,K+ ,LOG1 FROM ! SAME BOOK4 #a#a4 ,?IS IS FROM ! ,FABLE-BOOK ( ,BIDPAI1 BY ,CONRAD ,D9CKMUT1 :O C>RI$ ON ! E>LY GLORIES ( ! ,ULM S*OOL 9 A LAT] G5]ATION2 AB\T #a#d#h#f4 #a#b4 ,! ,P>ROT 9 A ,CAGE1 ) ! LADIES MAK+ A %AM /ORM TO CAUSE ! POOR BIRD TO BE PUT TO DEA?4 ,D9CKMUT DID SOME V]Y REM>KABLE WORK3 ONE ( ! BE/ ( :I* WAS A ,G]MAN TRANSLATION ( ! ,EUNU*US ( ,T]5CE2 ANO!R ! ,*RONICLE ( ! ,SWABIANS4 #a#c4 ,! ,S*ATZBEHALT]1 PUBLI%$ BY ,KOBURG]1 ( ,NUREMB]G2 #a#d#i#a4 ,AL?\< SO LATE1 !RE IS NO TRACE ( ANY CLASSICAL 9FLU5CE 9 ! DESIGN4 ,! >*ITECTURE1 = 9/ANCE1 IS PURE LATE ,G]MAN >*ITECTURE4 #a#d4 ,FROM ! SAME BOOK1 ,JO%UA ,MEET+ ! ,ANGEL1 & ,MOSES AT ! ,BURN+ ,BU%4 #a#e4 ,A PAGE1 OR P>T ( A PAGE1 FROM ! CELEBRAT$ ,NUREMB]G ,*RONICLE1 PR9T$ BY ,KOBURG] 9 #a#d#i#c4 ,?IS IS 9 A WAY AN EXCEPTION TO ! RULE ( ILLU/RAT$ BOOKS BE+ 9 ! V]NACUL>1 AS IT IS 9 ,LAT92 BUT !RE IS ALSO A ,G]MAN $ITION4 #a#f4 ,ANO!R SPECIM5 ( ! SAME BOOK4 #a#g4 ,FROM A CURI\S DEVOTIONAL BOOK1 ,D] ,SEUSSE1 PR9T$ BY ,ANTONY ,SORG1 AT ,AUGSBURG2 #a#d#h#b4 #a#h4 ,ANO!R PAGE1 :I* %[S ! DECORATIVE SKILL ) :I* !Y MANAG$ !IR DIAGRAM PICTURES4 #a#i4 ,AN EXAMPLE ( ! ,FLEMI% S*OOL1 & *>ACT]I/IC ( ! DESIGN ( :ITE ON BLACK1 :I* IS SO (T5 US$ BO? BY ! ,FLOR5T9E & ! ,FLEMI% WOOD-CUTT]S4 ,IT IS FROM A LIFE ( ,*RI/1 PUBLI%$ BY ,G]>D ,LEEU 9 #a#d#h#g4 #b4 ,ANO!R PAGE FROM ! SAME BOOK4 ,!RE >E C]TA9LY TWO >TI/S 9 ?IS BOOK1 & ! ONE ON ! LEFT APPE>S TO BE ! MORE PICTORIAL ( ! TWO2 ?\< HIS DESIGNS >E GRACEFUL1 HE IS H>DLY AS GOOD AS ! R\<] BOOK ILLU/RATOR4 ,G]>D ,LEEU HAD A V]Y H&SOME SET ( 9ITIAL LETT]S1 A K9D ( ORNAM5T :I* DID NOT BECOME COMMON UNTIL AFT] #a#d#h4 #b#a4 ,ANO!R ONE FROM ! SAME BOOK4 #b#b4 ,FROM ANO!R ,FLEMI% BOOK1 %[+ H[ ! /YLE RUNS ?R\< !M ALL4 ,/ ,GEORGE & ! ,DRAGON2 FROM ,! ,GOLD5 ,LEG5D1 #a#e#c4 #b#c4 ,! FIR/ ( \R ,FR5* S]IES1 FROM A V]Y CELEBRAT$ BOOK CALL$ ,LA ,M] DES ,HY/OIRES4 ,IT BEG9S ! HI/ORY ( ,FRANCE A LITTLE BE=E ! DELUGE4 ,IT IS A MO/ BEAUTIFUL BOOK1 & V]Y L>GE4 ,ONE W\LD ?9K !SE BORD]S W]E MEANT TO BE PA9T$1 AS SO MANY ,BOOKS ( ,H\RS W]E1 BUT ,I HAVE NEV] SE5 A COPY :I* HAS HAD ! BORD]S PA9T$1 ?\<1 AS A RULE1 :5 ! BORD]S >E MEANT TO BE PA9T$1 IT IS NOT COMMON TO F9D ONE PLA94 #b#d4 ,ANO!R PAGE FROM ! SAME BOOK2 BUT ! SLIDE DOES NOT DO JU/ICE TO IT4 ,I WILL H]E M5TION ?AT ONE FAIL+ ( ! ,FR5* PUBLI%]S WAS TO MAKE ONE PICTURE S]VE = SEV]AL PURPOSES4 ,! FACT IS1 !Y W]E MORE C>EFUL ( DECORATION ?AN ILLU/RATION4 #b#e4 ,ANO!R ,FR5* BOOK BY A ,FR5* PR9T]1 ! ,>BRE DES ,BATAILLES1 :I* ILLU/RATES ?AT CURI\S QUALITY ( ROMANCE :I* Y\ F9D 9 ! ,FR5* PICTURES4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT MANY ( !SE CUTS W]E NOT MADE = ?IS BOOK2 9 FACT1 !Y W]E DONE = ANO!R $ITION ( ! ,*EVALI] ,DELIB]E1 ! ,FLEMI% $ITION ( :I* ,I HAVE M5TION$ BE=E1 = SOME HAVE ?AT NAME ON !M4 #b#f4 ,ANO!R FROM ! SAME BOOK4 #b#g4 ,ANO!R GOOD EXAMPLE ( ! ,FR5* DECORATIVE /YLE4 ,IT IS FROM ,PETR>*'S ,REM$Y ( EI!R ,=TUNE4 ,?IS IS ! AU?OR PRES5T+ HIS BOOK TO ! K+1 & IS (T5 US$ 9 !SE ,FR5* BOOKS4 #b#h4 ,FROM ANO!R ,FR5* BOOK ( AB\T ! SAME DATE 7! BEG9N+ ( ! SIXTE5? C5TURY71 ,! ,%EPH]D'S ,CAL5D>1 ( :I* !RE W]E A GREAT NUMB] ( ,5GLI% $ITIONS1 EV5 AS LATE AS #a#f#e#f1 ! CUTS BE+ IMITAT$ FROM !SE BLOCKS4 #b#i4 ,A PAGE FROM ONE ( ! BEAUTIFUL ,BOOKS ( ,H\RS1 :I* W]E MO/LY PR9T$ ON VELLUM1 EV]Y PAGE ( :I* IS DECORAT$ MORE OR LESS ) ?IS SORT ( PICTURE4 ,H]E IS ! CAL5D>1 ) ! SIGNS ( ! ,ZODIAC1 ! WORK ( ! MON?S1 ! SA9TS ?AT OCCUR 9 IT1 & GAMES & SPORTS2 ON ! O!R SIDE IS ! ,SANGRAAL4 ,?IS BOOK IS ?R\<\T 9 ! SAME /YLE1 :OLLY ,GO?IC4 ,IT WAS PR9T$ 9 #a#d#i#h1 & AB\T TW5TY YE>S AFT] !SE S]VICE-BOOKS BECAME V]Y MU* DAMAG$ BY HAV+ ,R5AISSANCE FEATURES 9TRODUC$ FROM ,G]MAN >TI/S ( ! TIME4 #c4 ,ANO!R PAGE FROM ! SAME BOOK4 ,! ,RESURRECTION1 & ! ,RAIS+ ( ,LAZ>US >E ! PR9CIPAL SUBJECTS4 #c#a4 ,NOM9ALLY AN ,ITALIAN WOODCUT2 ! BOOK WAS PR9T$ AT ,MILAN1 BUT ?IS CUT IS PROBABLY ( ,G]MAN DESIGN1 IF NOT EXECUTION4 #c#b4 ,FROM A V]Y BEAUTIFUL BOOK 9 ! ,FLOR5T9E /YLE4 ,ONE ( ! PECULI>ITIES IS ! COPI\S USE ( :ITE \T ( BLACK4 #c#c4 ,ANO!R FROM ! SAME1 ! ,QUATRE REGGIO4 #a#e#h4 #c#d4 ,ANO!R1 V]Y *>ACT]I/IC ( ! ,FLOR5T9E /YLE1 ) ITS BEAUTIFUL L&SCAPE BACKGR\ND4 #c#e4 ,?IS IS ONE 9 :I* ! ORNAM5T HAS REALLY GOT 9TO ! ,R5AISSANCE /YLE4 ,IT IS A SORT ( ,LUCKY ,BOOK1 ) ALL SORTS ( WAYS ( F9D+ Y\R =TUNE1 DISCOV]+ :]E Y\R MONEY HAS GONE1 :O IS Y\R 5EMY1 & SO ON4 ,ONE ( ! ,PES*IA BOOKS1 ACTUALLY PR9T$ AT ,MILAN1 BUT ( ! ,V5ETIAN S*OOL4 #c#f4 ,FROM A BOOK ( ! ,V5ETIAN /YLE1 AB\T ! SAME DATE4 ,I %[ IT AS AN EXAMPLE ( ! C>EFULNESS & BEAUTY ) :I* ! >TI/S ( ! TIME COMB9$ ! BORD] WORK ) ! PICTURES4 ,!RE IS SOME?+ V]Y SATISFACTORY 9 ! PROPORTION ( BLACK & :ITE 9 ! :OLE PAGE4 ,N[ Y\ HAVE SE5 MY EXAMPLES1 ,I WANT ONCE MORE TO IMPRESS UPON Y\ ! FACT ?AT !SE DESIGNS1 ONE & ALL1 :ILE !Y P]=M !IR ESPECIAL FUNCTION - ! (FICE ( TELL+ A TALE - NEV] =GET !IR O!R FUNCTION ( DECORAT+ ! BOOK ( :I* !Y =M A P>T2 ?IS IS ! ESS5TIAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !M & MOD]N BOOK ILLU/RATIONS1 :I* ,I SUPPOSE MAKE NO PRET5SE AT DECORAT+ ! PAGES ( ! BOOK1 BUT MU/ BE LOOK$ UPON AS BLACK & :ITE PICTURES :I* IT IS CONV5I5T TO PR9T & B9D UP ALONG ) ! PR9T$ MATT]4 ,! QUE/ION1 9 FACT1 :I* ,I WANT TO PUT TO Y\ IS ?IS1 ,:E!R WE >E TO HAVE BOOKS :I* >E BEAUTIFUL AS BOOKS2 BOOKS 9 :I* TYPE1 PAP]1 WOODCUTS1 & ! DUE >RANGEM5T ( ALL !SE >E TO BE CONSID]$1 & :I* >E SO TREAT$ AS TO PRODUCE A H>MONI\S :OLE1 SOME?+ :I* WILL GIVE A P]SON ) A S5SE ( BEAUTY REAL PLEASURE :5EV] & :]EV] ! BOOK IS OP5$1 EV5 BE=E HE BEG9S TO LOOK CLOSELY 9TO ! ILLU/RATIONS2 OR :E!R ! BEAUTIFUL & 9V5TIVE ILLU/RATIONS >E TO BE LOOK$ ON AS SEP>ATE PICTURES EMB$D$ 9TO A PIECE ( UTILIT>IANISM1 :I* !Y CANNOT DECORATE BECAUSE IT CANNOT HELP !M TO DO SO4 ,TAKE AS AN EXAMPLE ( ! LATT]1 ,MR ,F]D ,WALK]'S ILLU/RATIONS TO ,PHILIP 9 ! ,CORNHILL ,MAGAZ9E1 ( ! DAYS :5 SOME ( US W]E Y\NG1 S9CE ,I AM 9CL9$ TO ?9K ?AT !Y >E AB\T ! BE/ ( SU* ILLU/RATIONS4 ,N[ !Y >E P>T ( ,?ACK]AY'S /ORY1 & ,I DON'T WANT !M TO BE 9 ANY WAY LESS A P>T ( IT1 BUT !Y >E 9 NO RESPECT A P>T ( ! TANGIBLE PR9T$ BOOK1 & ,I DO WANT !M TO BE ?AT4 ,AS IT IS1 ! MASS ( UTILIT>IAN MATT] 9 :I* !Y >E EMB$D$ IS ABSOLUTELY HELPLESS & DEAD4 ,:Y IT IS NOT EV5 UGLY1 AT LEA/ NOT VITALLY UGLY4 ,N[ ! REV]SE IS ! CASE ) ! BOOKS FROM :I* ,I HAVE TAK5 ! EXAMPLES :I* Y\ HAVE BE5 SEE+4 ,AS ?+S TO BE LOOK$ AT !Y >E BEAUTIFUL TAK5 AS A :OLE2 !Y >E ALIVE ALL OV]1 & NOT M]ELY 9 A CORN] H]E & !RE4 ,! ILLU/RATOR HAS TO %>E ! SUCCESS & ! FAILURE NOT ONLY ( ! WOOD CUTT]1 :O HAS TRANSLAT$ HIS DRAW+1 BUT ALSO ( ! PR9T] & ! M]E ORNAM5TALI/1 & ! RESULT IS ?AT Y\ HAVE A BOOK :I* IS A VISIBLE WORK ( >T4 ,Y\ MAY SAY ?AT Y\ DON'T C>E = ?IS RESULT1 ?AT Y\ WI% TO READ LIT]ATURE & TO LOOK AT PICTURES2 & ?AT SO LONG AS ! MOD]N BOOK GIVES Y\ !SE PLEASURES Y\ ASK NO MORE ( IT2 WELL1 ,I CAN UND]/& ?AT1 BUT Y\ MU/ P>DON ME IF ,I SAY ?AT Y\R 9T]E/ 9 BOOKS 9 ?AT CASE IS LIT]>Y ONLY1 & NOT >TI/IC1 & ?AT IMPLIES1 ,I ?9K1 A P>TIAL CRIPPL+ ( ! FACULTIES2 A MIS=TUNE :I* NO ONE %\LD BE PR\D (4 ,H[EV]1 IT SEEMS C]TA9 ?AT !RE IS GR[+ UP A TA/E = BOOKS :I* >E VISIBLE WORKS ( >T1 & ?AT ESPECIALLY 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 :]E ! PR9T]S1 AT !IR BE/1 DO N[ USE LETT]S MU* SUP]IOR 9 =M TO ?OSE 9 USE ELSE:]E1 & :]E A GREAT DEAL ( WORK 9T5D+ TO ORNAM5T BOOKS REASONABLY IS TURN$ \T2 MO/ ( :I*1 H[EV]1 IS DEFICI5T 9 SOME RESPECT2 :I*1 9 FACT1 IS SELDOM SATISFACTORY UNLESS ! :OLE PAGE1 PICTURE1 ORNAM5T1 & TYPE IS REPRODUC$ LIT]ALLY FROM ! H&IWORK ( ! >TI/1 AS 9 SOME ( ! BEAUTIFUL WORKS ( ,MR ,WALT] ,CRANE4 ,BUT ?IS IS A ?+ ?AT CAN R>ELY BE DONE1 & :AT WE WANT1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 IS1 NOT ?AT BOOKS %\LD SOMETIMES BE BEAUTIFUL1 BUT ?AT !Y %\LD G5]ALLY BE BEAUTIFUL2 9DE$1 IF !Y >E NOT1 IT 9CREASES ! DIFFICULTIES ( ?OSE :O W\LD MAKE !M SOMETIMES BEAUTIFUL IMM5SELY4 ,AT ANY RATE1 ,I CLAIM ?AT ILLU/RAT$ BOOKS %\LD ALWAYS BE BEAUTIFUL1 UNLESS1 P]HAPS1 :]E ! ILLU/RATIONS >E PRES5T RA!R = ! PURPOSE ( GIV+ 9=MATION ?AN = ?AT ( GIV+ PLEASURE TO ! 9TELLECT ?R\< ! EYE2 BUT SURELY1 EV5 9 ?IS LATT] CASE1 !Y %\LD BE REASONABLY & DEC5TLY GOOD-LOOK+4 ,WELL1 H[ IS ?IS BEAUTY TO BE OBTA9$8 ,IT MU/ BE BY ! H>MONI\S COOP]ATION ( ! CRAFTSM5 & >TI/S :O PRODUCE ! BOOK4 ,FIR/1 ! PAP] %\LD BE GOOD1 :I* IS A MORE IMPORTANT PO9T ?AN MI BETT] ?AN :AT IS N[ CONSID]$ GOOD4 ,NEXT1 ! TYPE MU/ BE GOOD1 A MATT] 9 :I* !RE IS MORE ROOM = EXCELL5CE ?AN ?OSE MAY ?9K :O HAVE NOT /UDI$ ! =MS ( LETT]S CLOSELY4 ,!RE >E O!R MATT]S1 H[EV]1 BESIDES ! M]E =M ( ! TYPE :I* >E ( MU* IMPORTANCE 9 ! PRODUC+ ( A BEAUTIFUL BOOK1 :I*1 H[EV]1 ,I CANNOT GO 9TO TO-NI MORE ORNAM5TAL4 ,!N WE COME TO ! PICTURE WOODCUTS4 ,& H]E ,I FEEL ,I %ALL F9D MANY ( Y\ DIFF]+ FROM ME /RONGLY2 = ,I AM SURE ?AT SU* ILLU/RATIONS AS ?OSE EXCELL5T BLACK & :ITE PICTURES ( ,F]D ,WALK] C\LD NEV] MAKE BOOK ORNAM5TS4 ,! >TI/1 TO PRODUCE !SE SATISFACTORILY1 MU/ EX]CISE SEV]E SELF RE/RA9T1 & MU/ NEV] LOSE SITI/ WILL EV] MAKE A GOOD BOOK ILLU/RATOR1 UNLESS HE IS KE5LY ALIVE TO ! VALUE ( A WELL-DRAWN L9E1 CRISP & CLEAN1 SUGGE/+ A SIMPLE & BEAUTIFUL SILH\ETTE4 ,ANY?+ :I* OBSCURES ?IS1 & JU/ TO ! EXT5T TO :I* IT DOES OBSCURE IT1 TAKES AWAY FROM ! FITNESS ( A DESIGN AS A BOOK ORNAM5T4 ,9 ?IS >T VAGU5ESS IS QUITE 9ADMISSIBLE4 IT IS BETT] TO BE WRONG ?AN VAGUE 9 MAK+ DESIGNS :I* >E MEANT TO BE BOOK ORNAM5TS4 ,AGA91 AS ! >TI/'S DESIGNS MU/ NECESS>ILY BE REPRODUC$ = ?IS PURPOSE1 HE %\LD NEV] LOSE SIT PRODUC$ BY ! PO9T ( ! GRAV] ON A MAT]IAL :I* (F]S JU/ ! AM\NT ( RESI/ANCE :I* HELPS PRECISION4 ,& H]E ,I COME TO A V]Y IMPORTANT P>T ( MY SUBJECT1 TO WIT1 ! RELATION BETWE5 ! DESIGN] & ! WOOD-5GRAV]2 & IT IS CLE> ?AT IF !SE TWO >TI/S DO NOT UND]/& ONE ANO!R1 ! RESULT MU/ BE FAILURE2 & ?IS UND]/&+ CAN NEV] EXI/ IF ! WOOD-5GRAV] HAS BUT TO CUT S]VILELY :AT ! >TI/ DRAWS C>ELESSLY4 ,IF ANY REAL S*OOL ( WOOD-5GRAV+ IS TO EXI/ AGA91 ! WOOD-CUTT] MU/ BE AN >TI/ TRANSLAT+ ! DESIGN]'S DRAW+4 ,IT IS QUITE PITIABLE TO SEE ! PATI5CE & +5UITY ( SU* CLEV] WORKM51 AS SOME MOD]N WOOD-CUTT]S >E1 ?R[N AWAY ON ! LIT]AL REPRODUCTION ( M]E MEAN+LESS SCRAWL4 ,! WANT ( LOGIC 9 >TI/S :O WILL 9SI/ ON SU* WORK IS REALLY APPALL+4 ,IT IS ! ACTUAL T\*ES ( ! H& ?AT GIVE ! SPECIALTY1 ! F9AL F9I% TO A WORK ( >T1 :I* C>RIES \T 9 ONE MAT]IAL :AT IS DESIGN$ 9 ANO!R2 & = ! DESIGN] TO IGNORE ! 9/RUM5T & MAT]IAL BY :I* ! T\*ES >E TO BE DONE1 %[S COMPLETE WANT ( UND]/&+ ( ! SCOPE ( REPRODUCIBLE DESIGN4 ,I CANNOT HELP FEEL+ ?AT IT W\LD BE A GOOD ?+ = >TI/S :O CONSID] DESIGN+ P>T ( !IR PROV9CE 7,I ADMIT !RE >E V]Y FEW SU* >TI/S7 TO LE>N ! >T ( WOOD-5GRAV+1 :I*1 UP TO A C]TA9 PO9T1 IS A F> FROM DIFFICULT >T2 AT ANY RATE = ?OSE :O HAVE ! K9D ( EYES SUITABLE = ! WORK4 ,I DO NOT MEAN ?AT !Y %\LD NECESS>ILY ALWAYS CUT !IR [N DESIGNS1 BUT ?AT !Y %\LD BE ABLE TO CUT !M4 ,!Y W\LD ?US LE>N :AT ! REAL CAPACITIES ( ! >T >E1 & W\LD1 ,I %\LD HOPE1 GIVE ! EXECUTANT >TI/S G5U9E DESIGNS TO EXECUTE1 RA!R ?AN PROBLEMS TO SOLVE4 ,I DO NOT KN[ IF IT IS NECESS>Y TO REM9D Y\ ?AT ! DIFFICULTIES 9 CUTT+ A SIMPLE DESIGN ON WOOD 7& ,I REPEAT ?AT ALL DESIGNS = BOOK ILLU/RATIONS %\LD BE SIMPLE7 >E V]Y MU* DECREAS$ S9CE ! FIFTE5? C5TURY1 :]EAS 9/EAD ( US+ ! KNIFE ON ! PLANK SECTION ( ! WOOD1 WE N[ USE ! GRAV] ON ! 5D SECTION4 ,P]HAPS1 9DE$1 SOME ( Y\ MAY ?9K ?IS SIMPLE WOOD CUTT+ CONTEMPTIBLE1 BECAUSE ( ITS EASE2 BUT DELICACY & REF9EM5T ( EXECUTION >E ALWAYS NECESS>Y 9 PRODUC+ A L9E1 & ?IS IS NOT EASY1 NAY IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO ?OSE :O HAVE NOT GOT ! DUE 9/9CT = IT2 M]E ME*ANICAL DEFTNESS IS NO SUB/ITUTE = ?IS 9/9CT4 ,AGA91 AS IT IS NECESS>Y = ! DESIGN]S TO HAVE A FEEL+ = ! QUALITY ( ! F9AL EXECUTION1 TO SYMPA?IZE ) ! 5GRAV]'S DIFFICULTIES1 & KN[ :Y ONE BLOCK LOOKS >TI/IC & ANO!R ME*ANICAL2 SO IT IS NECESS>Y = ! 5GRAV] TO HAVE SOME CAPACITY = DESIGN1 SO ?AT HE MAY KN[ :AT ! DESIGN] WANTS ( HIM1 & ?AT HE MAY BE ABLE TO TRANSLATE ! DESIGN]1 & GIVE HIM A G5U9E & OBVI\S CUT L9E 9 PLACE ( HIS P5CIL$ OR P5N$ L9E )\T 9JUR+ 9 ANY WAY ! DUE EXPRESSION ( ! ORIG9AL DESIGN4 ,LA/LY1 :AT ,I WANT ! >TI/ - ! GREAT MAN :O DESIGNS = ! HUMBLE EXECUTANT - TO ?9K ( IS1 NOT HIS DRAWN DESIGN1 :I* HE %\LD LOOK UPON AS A ?+ TO BE ?R[N AWAY :5 IT HAS S]V$ ITS PURPOSE1 BY ! F9I%$ & DULY PR9T$ ORNAM5T :I* IS (F]$ TO ! PUBLIC4 ,I F9D ?AT ! EXECUTANTS ( MY HUMBLE DESIGNS ALWAYS SPEAK ( !M AS ^*SKET*ES1' H[EV] PA9/AK+ !Y MAY BE 9 EXECUTION4 ,?IS IS ! RECOGNIZ$ TRADE T]M1 & ,I QUITE APPROVE ( IT AS KEEP+ ! ^*GREAT MAN' 9 HIS PLACE1 & %[+ HIM :AT HIS DUTY IS1 TO WIT1 TO TAKE 9F9ITE TR\BLE 9 GETT+ ! F9I%$ WORK TURN$ \T ( H&4 ,I LAY IT D[N AS A G5]AL PR9CIPLE 9 ALL ! >TS1 :]E ONE >TI/'S DESIGN IS C>RI$ \T BY ANO!R 9 A DIFF]5T MAT]IAL1 ?AT DO+ ! WORK TWICE OV] IS BY ALL MEANS TO BE AVOID$ AS ! S\RCE ( DEAD ME*ANICAL WORK4 ,! ^*SKET*' %\LD BE AS SLIE MORE ?AN M]E ILLU/RATIONS ( ! PR9T$ TEXT1 %\LD BE A H>MONI\S WORK ( >T4 ,! TYPE1 ! SPAC+ ( ! TYPE1 ! POSITION ( ! PAGES ( PR9T ON ! PAP]1 %\LD BE CONSID]$ FROM ! >TI/IC PO9T ( VIEW4 ,! ILLU/RATIONS %\LD NOT HAVE A M]E ACCID5TAL CONNECTION ) ! O!R ORNAM5T & ! TYPE1 BUT AN ESS5TIAL & >TI/IC CONNECTION4 ,!Y %\LD BE DESIGN$ AS A P>T ( ! :OLE1 SO ?AT !Y W\LD SEEM OBVI\SLY IMP]FECT )\T !IR SURR\ND+S4 ,! DESIGNS MU/ BE SUITABLE TO ! MAT]IAL & ME?OD ( REPRODUCTION1 & NOT (F] TO ! EXECUTANT >TI/ A M]E ?ICKET ( UNNATURAL DIFFICULTIES1 PRODUC+ NO RESULT :5 F9I%$1 SAVE ! EXHIBITION ( A T\R DE =CE4 ,! EXECUTANT1 ON HIS SIDE1 :E!R HE BE ! ORIG9AL DESIGN] OR SOMEONE ELSE1 MU/ UND]/& ?AT HIS BUS9ESS IS SYMPA!TIC TRANSLATION1 & NOT ME*ANICAL REPRODUCTION ( ! ORIG9AL DRAW+4 ,?IS MEANS1 9 O!R WORDS1 ! DESIGN] ( ! PICTURE-BLOCKS1 ! DESIGN] ( ! ORNAM5TAL BLOCKS1 ! WOOD-5GRAV]1 & ! PR9T]1 ALL ( !M ?\TI/S1 & ALL WORK+ 9 H>MONI\S COOP]ATION = ! PRODUCTION ( A WORK ( >T4 ,?IS IS ! ONLY POSSIBLE WAY 9 :I* Y\ CAN GET BEAUTIFUL BOOKS4 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,AFT] A DISCUSSION ON ! SUBJECT ,MR ,MORRIS1 9 REPLY1 SAID IT WAS A PITY ?AT ! CONTR>Y PO9T ( VIEW TO HIS [N HAD NOT BE5 PUT =W>D BY SOME ONE1 AS !RE WAS A GOOD DEAL TO BE SAID PRO & CON4 ,:AT ,MR ,SA*S HAD SAID AB\T TEXTURE WAS V]Y TRUE1 BUT IT APPLI$ AFT] ALL TO A P>TICUL> K9D ( WOOD-CUTT+1 NOT TO ?AT :I* HE WAS ?9K+ ( AS BE+ SUITABLE TO ! ORNAM5TATION ( A PAGE4 ,HE REMEMB]$ A LECTUR] %[+ A V]Y BEAUTIFUL SLIDE ( ,B]WICK'S />L+1 :I* LOOK$ EXCE$+LY H&SOME1 BUT IT HAD NO RELATION%IP :ATEV] TO ! TYPE ON ! PAGE ON :I* IT APPE>$1 OR RA!R ! TYPE HAD NO RELATION%IP TO IT1 & ! RESULT WAS ?AT ! />L+ DID NOT MAKE AN ORNAM5T TO ! PAGE1 & ONE W\LD PREF] TO HAVE A SEP>ATE PRO( ( ! />L+4 ,?AT WAS A /RONG CASE1 BECAUSE HE YIELD$ TO NO ONE 9 HIS ADMIRATION = ,B]WICK'S WORK1 ESPECIALLY :5 IT WAS EMPLOY$ ON FUR & FEA!RS4 ,BUT ?IS VIEW ( TEXTURE MAY BE C>RI$ SO F> AS TO APPLY IT TO ! M]E PRES5TATION ( \TL9E2 S9CE IT MADE ALL ! DIFF]5CE 9 ! WORLD :E!R ?OSE L9ES W]E CUT NICE & R\ND & SWEET1 OR :E!R !Y W]E R$UC$ TO A /RAIY TO HAVE SU* WOODCUTS AT ,MR ,F]D ,WALK]'S ILLU/RATIONS TO ,PHILIP1 ! TYPE \ACT] ( A BOOK WAS ?AT IT WAS /AMP$2 PR9T]S CALL$ ! TYPES /AMPS1 & ! WOODCUTS W]E /AMPS4 ,!RE \NESS & DI/9CTNESS3 ?AT ABS5CE ( VAGU5ESS :I* Y\ GOT 9 ! /AMP+ ( A CO94 ,MR ,WEBB SAID !RE MIT WOR? FOLL[+4 ,IF !RE W]E NO DIFFICULTY 9 C>RY+ \T A WORK ( >T 9 ANY SPECIAL MAT]IAL1 9/EAD ( LE>N+ TO BE AN >TI/ 9 POTT]Y1 OR GLASS1 OR WOOD-CUTT+1 :Y NOT FOLL[ ! MO/ SIMPLE & DIRECT =M ( >T1 :I* GAVE ! ADVANTAGES ( ALL O!RS1 NOT P]HAPS 9 ! EASIE/1 BUT 9 ! FULLE/1 WAY - ?AT ( OIL PA9T+8 ,BUT ?AT WAS NOT :AT WAS WANT$4 ,OIL PA9T+ MITS1 ?\< HE WAS NOT QUITE SURE AB\T ?AT2 BUT NEV]!LESS Y\ WANT$ O!R >TS AS WELL4 ,! WOOD-CUTT] OR ! >TI/ HAD NO MORE RIGELY ORNAM5T$ 9 ?IS WAY1 SOME MODUS VIV5DI W\LD BE F\ND BETWE5 ! ORNAM5TAL & ! /ORY-TELL+ CAPACITY ( ! >T2 A S*OOL W\LD GR[ UP :I* W\LD HAVE ITS [N DUE & PROP] CONV5TIONS1 UND] :I* IT W\LD WORK ) P]FECT EASE4 ,! QUE/ION RAIS$ BY ,MR ,DAY AS TO :AT HOPE !RE WAS = AN IMPROVEM5T 9 BOOK ILLU/RATION & ORNAM5TATION1 WAS REALLY :E!R IT C\LD BE HOP$ = AS AN ORD9>Y & G5]AL ?+4 ,HE DID SEE C]TA9 DIFFICULTIES1 :I* MO/LY R$UC$ !MSELVES 9 ! LONG-RUN 9TO COMM]CIAL ONES1 ) :I* HE WAS NOT B\ND TO DEAL ON ! PRES5T OCCASION4 ,IF PEOPLE *OSE1 !Y C\LD HAVE SU* BOOKS 9 V]Y L>GE MEASURE1 BUT NO D\BT ! COMM]CIAL DIFFICULTY W\LD PUT A /OPP] ON MANY ATTEMPTS TO DECORATE BOOKS PROP]LY4 ,HE ?OR\TI/4 ,! PUBLI%] \TI/1 TELL HIM :AT ! BOOK WAS1 & ! SUBJECT REQUIR$1 & LET HIM DO HIS BE/4 ,BUT !RE WAS ONE ?+ 9 FAVOR ( ! POSSIBILITY ( HAV+ BEAUTIFUL BOOKS2 !Y W]E SELF-CONTA9$4 ,IF HE W]E ASK$ :E!R IT WAS POSSIBLE TO HAVE BUILD+S G5]ALLY GOOD 9 ! PRES5T DAY1 HE %\LD SAY1 NO2 BUT1 9 ! CASE ( BOOKS1 :I* W]E SELF-CONTA9$ ?+S1 HE W\LD SAY1 YES4 ,!RE W]E NOT ! SAME DIFFICULTIES ) A BOOK AS ) MANY O!R >TICLES ( COMM]CE4 ,! FIR/ ?+ NECESS>Y WAS TO HAVE A C]TA9 NUMB] ( >TI/S :O HAD AN 9T5SE DESIRE TO PRODUCE WORK SUITABLE = BOOK ORNAM5T2 & ?OSE >TI/S W\LD1 9 SOME WAY1 =CE ! PUBLIC TO GIVE !M AN OPPORTUNITY = PRODUC+ ?OSE BOOKS4 ,HE ?REW ! :OLE BURD5 REALLY ON ! GR\P ( :I* HE WAS A HUMBLE MEMB]1 ! >TI/S !MSELVES2 ! PUBLIC C\LD ONLY TAKE SU* BOOKS AS W]E (F]$ !M4 ,! PUBLI%]S' P>T WAS TO OP5 !IR PURSE AS WIDELY AS POSSIBLE1 NOT BE AFRAID TO SP5D A GOOD DEAL ( MONEY ON A GOOD BOOK1 ?\< !Y ONLY SOLD A FEW COPIES4 ,F9ALLY1 EV5 IF BOOKS W]E NOT BEAUTIFUL1 !Y MIACT]1 & LOOK AS IF Y\ C\LD RUB IT ALL TO PIECES1 :I*1 9 FACT1 Y\ C\LD4 ,SOME BOOKS Y\ C\LD NOT EV5 C>RY COM=TABLY FROM ONE 5D ( A ROOM TO ! O!R1 ON ACC\NT ( ! EXTRA WEIY = ?AT K9D ( PAP]4 ,HE HAD HAD 9 HIS H& A MOD]ATE-SIZ$ BOOK1 A ROYAL #hVO1 :I* WEI<$ AS HEAVY AS ! BIGGE/ FOLIO ( ! FIFTE5? C5TURY4 ,ALL ?AT EXTRA WEITI/S W\LD ONLY BE TRUE TO !MSELVES4 ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,NOTE ,TITLE ,ON ! ,WOODCUTS ( ,GO?IC ,BOOKS ,DELIV]Y #b#f? ,JANU>Y #ahib AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ! ,APPLI$ ,>T ,SECTION ( ! ,SOCIETY ( ,>TS AT ! ,SOCIETY'S ,ROOMS AT ,JOHN ,/REET1 ,ADELPHI1 ,LONDON #b#a/ ,FEBRU>Y #ahid AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ! ,BIRM+HAM ,MUNICIPAL ,S*OOL ( ,>T AT ! ,BIRM+HAM & ,MIDL&S ,9/ITUTE #a#d? ,DECEMB] #ahie AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ! ,TE*NICAL ,$UCATION ,DEP>TM5T ( ! ,LONDON ,C\NTY ,C\NCIL AT ! ,BOLT ,C\RT ,TE*NICAL ,S*OOL1 ,FLEET ,/REET1 ,LONDON ,PUBLICATION ,! ,TIMES1 ON #b#e? & #b#h? ,JANU>Y #ahib ,J\RNAL ( ! ,SOCIETY ( ,>TS1 #d1 #a#b? ,FEBRU>Y #ahib ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #b#f1 #bba 3 ,! ,WOODCUTS ( ,GO?IC ,BOOKS -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,WOODCUTS ( ,GO?IC ,BOOKS -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/