,TOPOS & ,UTOPIA 9 ,L&AU]'S & ,BUB]'S ,SOCIAL ,PHILOSOPHY 

#aihb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AVRAHAM ,YASS\R 

,TEXT 3 

0,!RE IS N[ A NE$ TO BR+ TO =E A DIFF]5T SORT ( M>TYR1 NOT H]OIC SACRIFICE1 BUT RA!R TRANQUILLY SIL5T M>TYRS :O >5'T SE5 9 ORD] TO S]VE AS A MODEL ( ! RI<TE\S LIFE40 

7,! ,CALL TO ,SOCIALISM1 !SE L9ES W]E 9SCRIB$ ON ,L&AU]'S TOMB/ONE 9 ,MUNI*7 

,GU/AV ,L&AU] SAW HIMSELF AS 0! BE>] ( AN AN>*I/IC WELTANS*AUNG40 ,HIS C5TRAL CONCEPT WAS ?AT AN>*ISM W\LD BE REALIZ$ BY ! =CE ( ! GOOD-WILL ( M51 ?R\< SMALL COOP]ATIVE SETTLEM5TS :I* W\LD *ANGE ! EXI/+ CONDITIONS ( SOCIETY4 .<#a.> ,HIS PLAN PO/ULAT$ GR\P-LIV+ BAS$ ON A 0CONF$]ATION >IS+ FROM FRE$OM & COMMUNAL SPIRIT40 ,SU* A SOCIETY W\LD REPRES5T AN ALLIANCE ( COMMUNAL SETTLEM5TS :I* HAD SELF-MANAG$ COOP]ATIVE ECONOMICS1 & :I* W\LD E/ABLI% FAIR TRADE AMONG !MSELVES4 ,! =M ( SOCIALISM :I* IS REALIZ$ 9 ?IS WAY IS AN 9DIVIDUALI/IC SOCIALISM4 

,! ACTUALIZATION ( ?IS TYPE ( SOCIALISM W\LD BE VOLUNT>Y4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO SEP>ATION BETWE5 MEANS & 5DS4 ,9DEP5D5T SELF-REALIZATION W\LD BE ! MA9 AIM1 ) ITS S\RCES 9 HUMANIT>IANISM1 SPIRIT & CULTURE1 & NOT ?R\< CLASS-/RUGGLE OR ANY SORT ( REVOLUTION>Y CO]CION4 ,! NEW COOP]ATIVE COMMUNITY W\LD BE BAS$ UPON ! 9DIVIDUAL1 & IT W\LD GRADUALLY TAKE ! PLACE ( ! /ATE1 RESULT+ 9 A 0WI!R+-AWAY0 ( ITS APP>ATUS ( CONTROL & SUPPRESSION4 

,AFT] ! 0,TOPIA0 COMES ! TRANSITION TO 0,UTOPIA0 7) RELIGI\S IMPLICATIONS ?AT >E P>TICUL>LY RELEVANT TO ! MY/ICAL ELEM5TS ( ! ,JEWI% FAI?74 ,?IS TRANSITION MAY BE REG>D$ AS ! RE-BIR? ( A NEW TYPE ( MAN1 ) A NEW /YLE ( LIV+ \T ( REP5TANCE4 

,! PIONE]S 9 SPIRIT W\LD BE ?OSE :O BEG9 ) ! 9DEP5D5T REALIZATION ( COLLECTIVE LIFE )9 COMMUNITY GR\PS 7,GEME9D57 :I* WILL JO9 ! F$]AT$ ALLIANCE & :I* WILL MA9TA9 ! NEW SOCIALI/ WAY ( LIFE )9 ! OLD WORLD4 ,! REVOLUTION OCCURS NOT ?R\< P>TIES OR LABOR UNIONS1 OR ?R\< POLITICS OR CO]CIVE P[]1 BUT RA!R ?R\< ! =CE ( P]SONAL EXAMPLE4 ,! REVOLUTION AWAK5S ALL ?AT IS SUP]IOR 9 MAN & GRANTS GOOD TO ALL2 IT IS NOT AN ISOLAT$ REBELLION1 NOT A DE$ ( SUCCESSFUL E/ABLI%M5T1 BUT RA!R A CONT9U+ R5EWAL1 A *ANG+ ( ! DAILY WAY ( LIFE AS AN 9F9ITELY P]PETUAL PROCESS4 .<#b.> 

,AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( HIS ESSAY ,DIE ,REVOLUTION 9 #a#i#f1 ! FOLL[+ YE> SAW ! APPE>ANCE ( ,?IRTY ,SOCIALI/ ,!SES4 .<#c.> ,9 ?IS PUBLICATION HE DEVELOP$ HIS AN>*I/IC IDEAS ) REG>D TO ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE4 ,?IS PROCESS W\LD TAKE PLACE AS COMMUNAL GR\PS & COMMUNITIES GREW UP ALONGSIDE ! /ATE & SUCCE$$ IT4 .<#d.> ,! 0,VOLK0 & ! 0,L&0 >E KEY T]MS 7) MY/IC CONNOTATIONS71 9 ,L&AU]'S !ORIES4 ,MOREOV]1 ! ORGANIZATION CALL$ UPON TO EFFECT SOCIALISM IS NOT A P>TY1 BUT RA!R AN 0ALLIANCE0 7,BUND71 :I* SURPASS$ ! P>TY 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT !  ,GEME9S*AFT 7COMMUNITY ALLIANCE7 SURPASSES ALL 0E/ABLI%M5T0 ORGANIZATIONS 9CLUD+ ! /ATE4 .<#e.> 

,! C5TRALITY ( HIS CONCEPT ( ! 0,SOCIALI/ ,ALLIANCE0 EPITOMIZES ,L&AU]'S SOCIAL \TLOOK1 :I* HE BRIEFLY DEF9$ 9 ,TWELVE ,>TICLES4 ,! IDEAS EXPRESS$ 9 ! ,>TICLES W]E EXP&$ 9 HIS LECTURES1 9 HIS PAMPHLET ,:AT ,DOES ! ,SOCIALI/ ,ALLIANCE ,WANT8 & 9 HIS BOOK ,! ,CALL = ,SOCIALISM4 

,! FOLL[+ TRANSLATION ( ! ,TWELVE ,>TICLES IS HELPFUL 9 AN UND]/&+ ( \R SUBSEQU5T DISCUSSION ( ! LETT]S F\ND 9 ! ,BUB] ,>*IVES 9 ,J]USALEM4 

,! ,TWELVE ,>TICLES ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,BUND 

  

7,JUNE #a#d1 #a#i#h7 

,! BASIC =M ( SOCIALI/ CULTURE IS ! ,BUND ( 9DEP5D5T ECONOMIC GR\PS1 EX*ANG+ GOODS ) ONE ANO!R 9 JU/ICE4 

,?IS ,SOCIALI/ ,BUND TREADS ! PA? ?AT HI/ORY ASSIGNS1 9 PLACE ( ! /ATE & ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 

,! ,SOCIALI/ ,BUND ACCEPTS ! WORD 0REPUBLIC0 9 ITS ORIG9AL S5SE AS ! GOAL ( ITS 5DEAVORS3 ! AFFAIRS ( ! COMMONWEAL4 

,! ,SOCIALI/ ,BUND DECL>ES AN>*Y 9 ITS ORIG9AL S5SE AS ! GOAL ( ITS 5DEAVORS3 ORD] ?R\< VOLUNT>Y UNION4 

,! ,SOCIALI/ ,BUND EMBRACES ALL WORK+ M5 :O WANT ! SOCIAL ORD] ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,BUND4 ,ITS TASK IS NEI!R PROLET>IAN POLITICS NOR CLASS /RUGGLE1 BO? ( :I* >E NECESS>Y ACCESSORIES ( CAPITALISM & ! AU?ORIT>IAN /ATE1 BUT ! /RUGGLE & ORGANIZATION = SOCIALISM4 

,! REAL ACTIVITIES ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,BUND CAN BEG9 ONCE ! ORGANIZATION HAS BE5 JO9$ BY L>GE SECTIONS ( ! MASSES4 ,UNTIL !N ITS TASK IS PROPAG&A & ORGANIZ+4 

,! MEMB]S ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,BUND WANT TO PLACE !IR WORK 9 ! S]VICE ( !IR CONSUMPTION4 

,!Y %ALL UNITE !IR CONSUMPTION 9 ORD] TO EX*ANGE ! PRODUCTS ( !IR LABOR ) ! AID ( !IR BANK ( EX*ANGE4 

,!Y %ALL S5D \T PIONE]S :O1 9 DOME/IC SETTLEM5TS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,BUND1 %ALL PRODUCE EV]Y?+ !Y NE$1 9CLUD+ ! PRODUCTS ( ! E>?4 

,CULTURE DOES NOT RE/ UPON SOME =M ( TE*NOLOGY OR UPON ! SATISFACTION ( NE$S BUT UPON ! SPIRIT ( JU/ICE4 

,! SETTLEM5TS %\LD BE MODELS ( JU/ICE & ( JOY\S LABOR2 NOT A MEANS TO REA* !SE GOALS4 ,! GOAL IS ONLY TO BE REA*$ IF ! GR\ND & E>? COME 9TO ! H&S ( SOCIALI/S BY MEANS O!R ?AN PUR*ASE4 

,! ,SOCIALI/ ,BUND /RIVES = JU/ICE &1 ) ?AT1 = ! P[] TO ABOLI% PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 L& & SOIL ?R\< GREAT FUNDAM5TAL MEASURES2 IT SEEKS TO GIVE ALL ,VOLK COMRADES ! POSSIBILITY ( LIV+ 9 CULTURE & JOY ?R\< A UNION ( 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE 9 9DEP5D5T ECONOMIC EX*ANGE COMMUNITIES ON ! BASIS ( JU/ICE4 

7,E4 ,LUNN'S TRANSLATION7 .<#f.> 

,! FOLL[+ EX*ANGE ( LETT]S BETWE5 ,L&AU] & ,NA*UM ,GOLDMAN REPRES5TS ! PEAK ( ,L&AU]'S 9T]E/ 9 ! REALIZATION ( COMMUNAL SETTLEM5TS 9 ,PALE/9E 7! ,ZIONI/ ,KIBBUTZIM74 ,! CORRESPOND5CE REFLECTS HIS AW>5ESS ( ! PROBLEMS 9VOLV$ 9 A SYN!SIS ( AGRICULTURE ) 9DU/RY 9 ! SETTLEM5TS4 .<#g.> ,AS HE WAS TO BE ASSASS9AT$ )9 A FEW MON?S ( ! EX*ANGE1 WE HAVE H]E A LA/ WITNESS ( ,L&AU]'S POSITION4 

,EX*ANGE ( ,LETT]S3 ,GOLDMAN-,L&AU]1 ,M>* #aiai 

,NA*UM ,GOLDMAN  

,B]L9  

#ad ,M>* #aiai .<#h.> 

,MR4 ,GU/AV ,L&AU]  

,MUNI*  

,WOLF ,HOTEL .<#i.> 

,! ,V]Y ,HONORABLE ,MR4 ,L&AU]3 

,Y\ HAVE NO D\BT RECEIV$ MY TWO TELEGRAMS ) REG>D TO ! CONV5TION ( ! REPRES5TATIVES FROM ,]ETZ-,ISRAEL & Y\ REALIZE ?AT ! CONV5TION WILL TAKE PLACE ONLY AT ! 5D ( ,APRIL4 .<#a.> ,WE S9C]ELY HOPE ?AT Y\ WILL HAVE ! *ANCE TO BE 9 ,B]L9 DUR+ ?AT P]IOD & ?AT Y\ WILL BE ABLE TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! CONV5TION4 

,FROM ,DR4 ,BUB] .<#a#a.> Y\ ALREADY KN[ ?AT HE PLANS TO >RANGE A SMALL PRELIM9>Y CONV5TION 9 ,MUNI* 9 MID-,APRIL TO /UDY ! QUE/ION ( BUILD+ 7NATIONAL7 SETTLEM5TS 9 ,]ETZ-,ISRAEL4 .<#a#b.> ,Y\ (F]$ TO CO-OP]ATE ) US 9 ,MUNI* & EXPRESS$ WILL+NESS TO ASSI/ US 9 DRAFT+ ! PROPOSALS & ! \TL9E :I* WE WILL WANT TO PRES5T TO ! CONV5TION4 ,I WI% TO PROPOSE TO Y\ TODAY ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9TS ON :I* WE NE$ Y\R ADVICE2 !SE >E ! RESULT ( ! C\NSEL+ AMONG1 FRI5DS H]E3 

,AS A FUNDAM5TAL QUE/ION ( BUILD+ ! SETTLEM5T1 WE SEE ! PROBLEM ( C5TRALIZ$ VS4 DEC5TRALIZ$ SOCIETY4 .<#a#c.> ,WE H]E >E ALL UNIT$ 9 ! DESIRE ?AT ! SETTLEM5T BE BAS$ ON A DEC5TRALIZ$ COMMUNITY SY/EM .<#a#d.> :ILE ! EMPHASIS IS ON ! COMMUNITY AS A UNIT 7BY ITSELF7 9 :I* ! PEOPLE HAVE A DIRECT RELATION%IP ) ONE ANO!R4 ,! DIFFICULTY 9 ?IS QUE/ION IS ONLY 9 DET]M9+ :I* >EAS ( ! SOCIAL LIFE DEM& A C5TRALIZ$ /RUCTURE1 = 9/ANCE1 TE*NICAL ADM9I/RATION & ECONOMIC LIFE4 

,WE REQUE/ ?AT Y\ 9=M US ( Y\R OP9ION &1 IF POSSIBLE1 DRAFT IT 9 \TL9E =M4 

,) REG>D TO ! NATIONALIZATION ( L&1 .<#a#e.> WE >E ALL UNIT$ 79 OP9ION7 & ) US AS WELL1 ,I BELIEVE1 >E MO/ ( ! ,ZIONI/S4 ,) ! NATIONALIZATION ( L&1 WE >E ALSO DEM&+ ! NATIONALIZATION ( ! RES\RCES 7WAT]1 COAL1 ETC474 

,V]Y DIFFICULT & UNCLE> TO US IS ! QUE/ION ( 9DU/RY4 ,ONLY A FEW AMONG US >E ,M>XI/S 9 ! S5SE ?AT WE DEM& SOCIALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 .<#a#f.> ,BE=E \R EYES IS ! IMAGE ( A FACTORY ORGANIZ$ ON ! BASIS ( ASSOCIATION .<#a#g.> 9 :I* ! WORK]S P>TICIPATE AS [N]S & HAVE EQUAL RI<TS CONC]N+ ALL PROBLEMS ( DI/RIBUTION ( PR(ITS1 ADM9I/RATION1 ETC4 ,! CONTROV]SY IS AS FOLL[S3 

,WILL ! 5TIRE UNIT$ COMMUNITY BE CR$IT$ ) PR(ITS1 OR ONLY ! COLLECTIVE ASSOCIATION ( ! GIV5 FACTORY1 SOME?+ :I* WE SUSPECT AS DANG]\S1 S9CE A NEW1 PETIT-B\RGEOIS1 CAPITALI/IC WORK+ CLASS WILL SPR+ UP2 FUR!RMORE1 7CIRCUM/ANCES WILL BE CREAT$ 9 :I*7 ! SITUATION ( ! WORK]S 9 A PR(ITABLE FACTORY W\LD BE BETT] ?AN ?AT ( WORK]S 9 LESS PR(ITABLE FACTORIES8 

,IS IT NOT POSSIBLE TO COMB9E ! TWO PR9CIPLES3 ON ! ONE H&1 A S+LE FACTORY UNIONIZ$ ON A COOP]ATIVE BASIS & ON ! O!R H&1 COLLECTIVIZ$ 9DU/RY2 ?IS UNIQUE SOCIETY WILL MAKE POSSIBLE SUP]VISION & F>-REA*+ RI<TS ( 9T]V5TION ON ! P>T ( ! PUBLIC :I* SEEM NECESS>Y1 & NOT ON ! P>T ( WORK]S 9 ! SUCCESSFUL FACTORIES1 :O DON'T KN[ TO DEF5D !N-SELVES AGA9/ P5ETRATION ( NEW ELEM5TS8 

,ALSO V]Y DIFFICULT & UNCLE> >E ! QUE/IONS ( TRADE >RANGEM5TS4 ,>E !Y TO BE NATIONALIZ$ OR >E !Y TO BE TURN$ OV] TO ! SETTLEM5TS !MSELVES1 & :O WILL DEAL ) ! 9T]NATIONAL EX*ANGE ( GOODS1 ETC48 

,!SE >E ! SAME PO9TS :I* WE HAVE DEBAT$ UNTIL N[ 9 \R [N CIRCLES & ON :I* WE >E N[ ASK+ Y\R ADVICE4 ,ON ALL !SE QUE/IONS WE WILL WANT1 P]HAPS1 TO PRES5T \TL9ES OR PROPOSALS TO ! CONV5TION ( DELEGATES & WE ASK Y\ = =MULATE Y\R POSITION 9 SU* AN \TL9E =M4 ,WE CAN DISCUSS ANY ( ! QUE/IONS AT L5G? AT \R MEET+ 9 ,MUNI*1 BUT IT IS MO/ DESIRABLE IF Y\ C\LD 9=M US BE=EH& 9 WRIT+1 SO ?AT WE MAY COME SOME:AT PREP>$1 

,ON O!R IMPORTANT QUE/IONS 7! ,>AB QUE/ION1 ! AGRICULTURAL SETTLEM5TS1 T]MS ( L& ACQUISITION1 ETC471 IT IS PREF]ABLE ?AT WE DISCUSS !M H]E BE=E APPROA*+ Y\ ) A REQUE/ = ADVICE ON !SE MATT]S ALSO4 

,I HOPE ?AT AMONG ALL ! PREOCCUPATIONS 9 :I* Y\ F9D Y\RSELF 9 !SE DAYS >ID WEEKS 9 ,MUNI*1 ?AT Y\ WILL F9D1 NONE!LESS1 TIME TO REPLY TO \R QUE/IONS4 ,I ?ANK Y\ 9 ! NAME ( ALL US 1 

,MY V]Y BE/ WI%ES & REG>DS1 

,Y\RS1 

,NA*UM ,GOLDMAN 

"9 "9 "9 

,KROMBA* 7,S*WAB57 .<#a#h.> 

#ai ,M>* #aiai 

,DE> ,MR4 ,GOLDMAN1 

,BUB] HAS NOT WRITT5 ME4 .<#a#i.> ,9 ANY EV5T1 ,I %ALL BE GLAD TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! SMALL CONV5TION 9 ,MUNI*4 ,IF POSSIBLE1 ,I W\LD LIKE ONLY !N TO DECIDE ON ! MATT] ( MY P>TICIPATION 9 ! L>G] CONV5TION ( DELEGATES 9 ,B]L94 ,! UNC]TA9TIES ON :I* ,I AM DEP5D5T >E TOO NUM]\S4 .<#b.> ,) REG>D TO ! QUE/IONS1 WE CAN TRY TO ANSW] !M TOGE!R AT ! CONV5TION & IT ANY EV5T1 ,I HAVE NO DESIRE TO GIVE ANSW]S1 RA!R1 TO PO9T \T ADDITIONAL QUE/IONS TO ! PROBLEMS :I* Y\ BR\<T UP4 

,DEC5TRALIZATION1 & ) IT1 FRE$OM & VOLUNTE]+ >E TO BE 9TRODUC$ TO A WIDE DEGREE 9 ANY PLACE :]E !RE IS NO NE$ TO 9SI/ UPON PR(ITABILITY & COMPETITIVE P[]1 ?AT IS1 :]E EV] IT'S POSSIBLE1 9 ! MATT]1 TO P]MIT NON-?RIFTY MANAGEM5T ( ! ECONOMY4 ,& H]E AS WELL BELONGS ! QUE/ION ( :E!R ! ECONOMY :I* IS ALSO CALL$ ! 0,/ATE ECONOMY0 7,/AATSWIRTS*AFT7 WILL BE BAS$ ON ! PRODUCTIVITY ( WORK ONLY OR :E!R PR(ITABILITY IS NE$$ AS WELL8 ,A FUR!R QUE/ION IS :E!R BY DISREG>D+ ! EXI/+ C5TRALIZ$ E/ABLI%M5TS 7! ,SY/EM71 CAN ! GR[? ( C5TRALIZATION :I* ! COMMUNITIES DEM& 7TO 9TRODUCE7 BE MADE POSSIBLE8 ,>E WE TO JUDGE ! POSSIBILITY ACCORD+ TO ! 9/ANCE8 ,& CLOSELY RELAT$ TO ! QUE/ION ( C5TRALIZATION >E ! QUE/IONS ( TAXATION1 ,/ATE ECONOMY1 POLICE1 JUDICIAL ADM9I/RATION1 (FICIALDOM1 REPRES5TATION SY/EM 7DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T74 ,& ) ALL ?IS1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 NONE!LESS1 POSSIBLE NOT TO DEM& BE=EH& ALL :I* WILL BE NECESS>Y ON ! P>T ( ! ,/ATE1 BUT RA!R TO LEAVE ?IS TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! COMMUNITIES & !IR DESIRES4 ,ONLY !N1 :5 NOT ! B5EFITS ( ! ORGANISM1 BUT RA!R ! WELF>E ( ! 9DIVIDUAL IS CONSID]$ -- ?IS IS ! MO/ IMPORTANT PR9CIPLE4 .<#b#a.> 

,NATIONALIZATION ( ! L& MU/ BE A FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE4 ,IT MU/ BECOME1 AN EXI/+ ACTUALITY 9 ! SPECIFIC CASE ( R>E L& RES\RCES :I* >E CLAIM$ = ! ALLI$ COMMUNITY 7ORE1 COAL1 CLAY DEPOSITS1 L>GE WAT]WAYS :I* S]VE AS A PASSAGE = ! GOODS ( ! COMMUNITY1 ETC474 ,BUT WE CAN USUALLY REALIZE ?IS FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE 9 V>I\S WAYS3 LEAS+ ( L& P>CELS BY MEANS ( ! COMMUNITY1 COMMUNITY [N]%IP & COLLECTIVE WORK+ ( ! L&1 ETC4 ,H]E TOO1 ! DIRECTION ( ,QUE/ION #a IS 9FLU5TIAL4 ,I ?9K ?AT EA* COMMUNITY %\LD HAVE ITS [N MEANS ( M>KET+1 :I* WILL BE UND] ITS CONTROL 9 AN 9DEP5D5T MANN]1 BUT EXCLUD+ ! ABUNDANT L& RES\RCES :I* >E [N$ BY ! UNIT$ COMMUNITY4 ,9 FACT H]E IS ! GOLD5 OPPORTUNITY = TAXATION ON ! P>T ( ! :OLE3 9 COMMUNAL ACQUISITION ( *EMICAL F]TILIZ]1 AGRICULTURAL MA*9]Y1 M>KET+ UNIONS1 ETC4 ,ALSO1 SUPPOSE1 9 SPITE ( ! DANG] ( WA/E1 IT IS BETT] TO ALL[ VOLUNTE]+ TO DEVELOP ?AN TO DECIDE BE=EH& ON COMPULSION4 

,TO BE TRU?FUL1 ONE NE$N'T BE A ,M>XI/ 9 ORD] TO REFUSE ! ECONOMY :I* IS BAS$ ON PR(ITS4 ,Y\R POS+ ! QUE/ION HAS NO MEAN+ 9 MY EYES4 .<#b#b.> ,H]E BELONGS MORE APPROPRIATELY ! QUE/ION ( EQUAL EX*ANGE 9 TRADE1 ( F9ANCIAL OP]ATIONS )\T 9T]E/1 & ( MUTUAL CR$IT4 .<#b#c.> ,AFT]W>DS1 :5 WE >E ABLE TO SOLVE !SE QUE/IONS AS F> AS POSSIBLE1 COMES ! TURN ( ! FOLL[+ QUE/ION3 

,NATIONAL TRADE & TRADE ) ! RE/ ( ! WORLD1 :I* IS /ILL CAPITALI/IC4 ,BO? ( !SE QUE/IONS >E SECOND>Y4 ,IF WE CAN ONLY SOLVE ! PROBLEMS 9 ,QUE/ION #c1 !N !RE IS NO DIFFICULTY1 S9CE EA* PRODUCT HAS A M>KET VALUE ( ITS [N1 & ) REG>D TO ! ME?OD ( TRAD+1 SUPPLY & DEM& 9 ! M>KET CAN BE ADV]TIS$ = EXAMPLE 9 ! NEWSPAP]S4 ,! QUE/ION ( TRADE ) =EIGN NATIONS IS DEP5D5T ON ! FOLL[+ CIRCUM/ANCES3 7A7 IS !RE A SURPLUS ( PRODUCTS8 7B7 >E !SE SUP]IOR 9 QUALITY & 9EXP5SIVE SO ?AT !RE WILL BE BUY]S = !M 9 ! WORLD M>KET8 ,IF ! REPLY TO BO? !SE QUE/IONS IS POSITIVE !N ! COMMUNITY WILL BE ABLE TO IMPORT ! SPECIFIC PRODUCTS ?AT IT NE$S4 ,?IS IS UND\BT$LY ! 7PRES5T7 SITUATION4 ,IT IS NOT IMPORTANT TO :AT DEGREE IT IS VITAL1 ABOVE ALL ELSE1 TO NATIONALIZE =EIGN TRADE & ! 9DIVIDUAL ECONOMIES AS !SE >E SEP>ATE FROM ! COMMUNITY ECONOMY4 ,! SUPPLY ( GOODS FROM ABROAD & !IR DI/RIBUTION MU/ BE ! 9T]E/ ( ! COMMUNITY2 ! COMMUNITY WILL SEE TO IT ?AT !RE WILL BE APPROPRIATE PRODUCTS = EXPORT1 O!RWISE ! SITUATION WILL LEAD TO DEBT & DEP5D5CE ON =EIGN C\NTRIES4 

,I SUGGE/ ?AT Y\ & Y\R FRI5DS ?9K OV] MY HURRI$ COMM5TS & AFT]W>DS WE'LL ATTEMPT1 9 A JO9T EF=T1 TO REA* ! PHRAS+ ( AN \TL9E4 ,LOOK+ =W>D TO SEE+ Y\ & ) W>M REG>DS1 

  

,Y\RS1 

,GU/AV ,L&AU] 

,I,I 

0,:5 AN 9SPIR$ MAN1 -- SEEK+ A ROLE 9 *AOTIC TIMES -- CANNOT REALIZE HIS ROLE1 HE BECOMES A REBEL40 

,G4 ,L&AU]1 ,DIE ,REVOLUTION 

,= ,M>T9 ,BUB]1 AS = HIS FRI5D ,L&AU]1 ! REBIR? ( COMMUNITY WAS ! EPITOME ( ! 9T]HUMAN RELATION%IP4 .<#b#d.> ,?IS IDEA WAS EXPRESS$ 9 HIS OP5+ LECTURE AT ! ,HEBREW ,UNIV]SITY ON ,M\NT ,SCOPUS 9 #a#i#c#i3 0,! ONLY POLITICAL *ANCE = A SMALL NATION ?RU/ BETWE5 L>GE /ATES IS ! META-POLITICAL /ATUS ,ISAIAH IMPLIES 444 ,DEEP D[N 9 ! NATION IT LIVES 9 ! =M ( HUMAN YE>N+ TO SU/A9 ! TRU? 444 ,9 ORD] TO SU/A9 & REALIZE TRU? HE NE$S A TOPOS1 A C]TA9 PLACE4444 9 ORD] TO  BEG9 ! REALIZATION1 ?AT IS1 TO BE A REAL NATION1 A SOCIAL PEOPLE1 :I* BY ITS V]Y REALITY SEEMS TO CALL ! PEOPLES TO COME TOGE!R AS A PEOPLE ( PEOPLES1 A HUMANIT>IAN PEOPLE1 ! REAL HUMANITY40 .<#b#e.> 

,!SE WORDS >E NOT *OS5 R&OMLY2 !RE IS CONT9UITY 9 HIS ?9K+ ?R\<\T ! YE>S1 FOCUS+ ON MAN AS A SOCIAL BE+1 ?AT IS1 9 SOCIETY & /ATE4 ,I WILL ALL[ MYSELF TO NOTE AT ! \TSET ?AT ! 5D ( ,BUB]'S PRE-DIALOGUE P]IOD 9ITIATES A PHASE ( PR(\ND CONC]N ) ! PROBLEMS ( SOCIETY1 A PHASE M>K$ BY ! $IT+ ( A S]IES ( BOOKS ,DIE ,GESELLS*AFT 7,SOCIETY7 & BY ! GR[+ 9FLU5CE ( ,L&AU]4 ,9 HIS ,DIE ,REVOLUTION :I* APPE>$ 9 ,BUB]'S S]IES1 ,L&AU] /AT$1 9 ! SPIRIT ( COMMUNAL AN>*ISM ?AT 0A L>GE PROPORTION ( \R 9/ITUTIONS 444 >E TODAY DEAD1 COLD1 TURN$ 9TO PAP]1 & LACK+ ANY RELEVANCE TO MAN 444 ! SPIRIT CREATES LAWS4 ,BUT IF ! LAWS SURVIVE & ! SPIRIT DISAPPE>S1 ! LAWS CANNOT CREATE SPIRIT & CANNOT SUB/ITUTE = IT4 .<#b#f.> ,I F9D CLE> E*OES ( ?IS POSITION 9 :AT ,BUB] SAID 9 A PUBLIC SPEE* :5 HE CIT$ ,KANT ?AT IT IS 9 ! NATURE ( AU?ORITY TO NECESS>ILY DI/ORT ! FREE JUDGM5T ( REASON4 ,9 ?IS IDEA ( ,KANT1 ,BUB] F9DS ! R5UNCIATION & DISAPPO9TM5T ( ! PHILOSOPH]4 ,HE CAN NO LONG] BELIEVE 9 ! CAPACITY ( ! SPIRIT TO A*IEVE HEGEMONY )\T LOS+ ITS PURITY4 .<#b#g.> 

,BUB] LAUDS ! ,ESS5ES AS BE+ ! RI<TE\S 7,HASSIDIM7 :O DID NOT WI% TO BE P>TY TO GOV]NM5T 7! SUCCESSFUL GOV]NM5T ( ! ,HASMONEANS7 BUT *OSE TO BE P>T ( A P]FECT VITAL COMMUNITY4 ,ON ! O!R H& !RE WAS ,ROME1 ! RUL+ /ATE ! 0/ATE 9 />K NAK$NESS04 ,JESUS ( ,NAZ>E? IS REPRES5T$ AS CONT9U+ ON ! PA? ( ! ,ESS5ES 9 ! ATTEMPT TO BUILD A TRUE COMMUNITY1 9 CONTRA/ TO ! 0B>E /ATE0 :I* IS ONLY A 0CO]CIVE ASSOCIATION REPELL+ ANY NATURAL FELL[%IP40 ,JESUS F\ND$ 0A NEW SECT DE/9$ TO GR[ 9 ! BELLY ( ! MON/] & BUR/ IT40 .<#b#h.> ,! PROPHETS' L(TY RESI/ANCE LAY 9 !IR FI<T AGA9/ 0A /ATE ?AT NO LONG] HAS ,GOD 9 IT1 & NO SPIRIT )9 IT40 ,?IS IS FROM AN >TICLE D$ICAT$ TO ! MEMORY ( ,L&AU]1 9 :I* ,JESUS IS DESCRIB$ AS AN AN>*I/ 9 ! IMAGE ( ,L&AU]1 :O REALLY BELIEV$ ?AT ! R5EW$ GR[? ( FELL[%IP WILL BL[ UP ! MON/ROSITY ( ! /ATE 7! >TIFICIAL HOLL[ ,LEVIA?AN7 FROM 9SIDE4 

,9 A NUMB] ( ESSAYS ,BUB] 9CLUDES AN HI/ORICAL SURVEY ( ! 9T5SIFY+ OPPOSITION BETWE5 SOCIETY & /ATE4 ,?US 9 A LECTURE DAT$ #aia .<#b#i.> CONTA9+ ! FIR/ ( HIS 0SOCIOLOGICAL D\BTS01 ) E>LI] 9FLU5CES 7,NIETZS*E7 /ILL DISC]NIBLE1 HE NOTES ?AT ! OLD  ,GEME9S*AFT WAS M>K$ BY PURPOSEFULNESS & 9/RUM5TALITY1 :ILE ! NEW ONE COM+ 9TO BE+ WILL BE ! REPRES5TATION ( LIFE ITSELF1 EXPRESS+ CREATIVITY & VITAL RECIPROCAL RELATION%IP 7,WECKSELWIRKUNG7 BETWE5 P]FECT$ 9DIVIDUALS4 ,?IS IS ! TRUE SOCIETY2 IT IS AN AIM 9 ITSELF1 LIFE ITSELF IS ITS AIM4 ,BUB] REJECT$ !  ,GESELLS*AFT-,GEME9S*AFT DI*OTOMY ( ,F]D9& ,TONNIES :I* HAS S9CE BECOME WELL-KN[N 9 SOCIOLOGY2 NOR DID HE 9CL9E T[>D ! SOCIALI/ !ORIES !N CURR5T ON COOP]ATIVES1 & ON POLITICAL REVOLUTION AS A MEANS TO R5OVATE ! /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY4 ,HE EXPLICITLY DECL>ES3 0,SO  WILL UNS]E GEME9S*AFT NI*T ,REVOLUTION1 SIE I/ ,REVOLUTION 444 ,UNS]E ,REVOLUTION B$EUTET1 DASS WIR 9 ,KLE9EM ,KREISE1 9 RE9] GEME9S*AFT1 E9 NEUES LEB5 S*AFF50 444 7,\R COMMUNITY DOES NOT DESIRE REVOLUTION1 IT IS REVOLUTION 444 \R REVOLUTION MEANS ?AT WE WILL CREATE A NEW LIFE 9 A SMALL GR\P 9 A PURE COMMUNITY74 .<#c.> 

,:AT UNITES ?OSE :O BELONG TO ?IS NEW COMMUNITY IS ! COMMON  ,]LEBNIS3 ! MEMB]S ( ! SAME G5]ATION FEEL A K9%IP ( S\LS1 & JO9 TOGE!R 9 A RADICAL CRITICISM ( ! 5VIRONM5T !Y LIV$ 92 BUT !IR UNION IS NOT A PURPOSEFUL ASSOCIATION = *ANG+ ! HI/ORICAL REALITY ( SOCIETY4 

,I W\LD T5TATIVELY DEF9E ! Y\NG ,BUB]'S APPROA* AS SOCIO-PSY*OLOGICAL4 ,HE QUOTES ,L&AU]'S ,DIE ,REVOLUTION1 0,SOCIOLOGY IS NOT A SCI5CE2 & EV5 IF IT W]E1 ! REVOLUTION = SPECIAL REASONS C\LD NOT BE A SUBJECT = SCI5TIFIC TREATM5T 444 \R SUBJECT3444 TO EXAM9E ! PH5OM5ON ( REVOLUTION FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( SOCIAL PSY*OLOGY4 ,SOCIAL PSY*OLOGY ITSELF IS REVOLUTION 444 ! BEHEAD+ ( ,*>LES & ! /ORM+ ( ! ,BA/ILLE W]E APPLI$ SOCIAL PSY*OLOGY 444 ,R\SSEAU1 ,VOLTAIRE1 ,/IRN] W]E REVOLUTION>IES1 BE+ ! SAVANTS ( SOCIAL PSY*OLOGY40 .<#c#a.> ,! ?\<T ( ,BUB] WAS /ILL TO EVOLVE1 \TGR[ ?AT ( ! 0,NEW ,COMMUNITY0 CIRCLE4 ,HIS SUBSEQU5T OV]-SOCIOLOGIZATION & !N ONTOLOGIZATION AS MAN AS A SOCIAL BE+ W\LD LEAD ,BUB] TO CONV]T HIS E>LY CULTURAL RADICALISM 9TO 0VOLKI/0 CONS]VATISM F5D EV5 JU/IFICATION ( ,G]MAN POLICY 9 ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I4 ,AFT]W>DS1 9 HIS CONTACT ) SOCIAL REALITY 9 ,PALE/9E1 LAT] ,ISRAEL1 W\LD COME ! =MULATION ( HIS SOCIALI/-RELIGI\S ATTITUDE ) ! 0TOPEE-AN>*IC0 T+E4 

,IT WILL NOT BE DIGRESS+ TOO S]I\SLY FROM \R DISCUSSION IF WE T\* LI<TLY ON ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ,BUB]'S SOCIAL ?9K+4 ,AS NOT$1 BEG9N+ 9 #aif ,BUB] 9ITIAT$ & $IT$ A S]IES ( MONOGRAPHIES 5TITL$ ,SOCIETY :I* PUBLI%$ BOOKS BY ,SOMB>T1 ,SIMMEL1 ,B]N/E91 ,DAVID1 ,MAU?N]1 ,OPP5HEIM]1 ,TONNIES & ,L&AU] 7#d BOOKS 9 ALL BETWE5 #aif & #a#i#a#b74 ,IT IS H>D TO F9D A PROP]LY DEF9$ C5TRAL IDEA PASS+ ?R\< ?IS V>I$ S]IES LIKE A LIK5 ?READ2 BUT !RE WAS UND\BT$LY A UNIFY+ & CONNECT+ FRAME ( MOOD & M9D4 ,! TITLE ( ! S]IES C]TA9LY IMPLIES ?IS1 & ! DISCIPLES ( ,SIMMEL1 ,DIL!Y & 9SURG5T 9TELLECTUALS F\ND IT A PROP] VEHICLE = !IR APPROA* :I* WAS DETA*$ & CRITICAL ( ! 0CIVILIZATION0 AT ! TURN ( ! C5TURY4 .<#c#b.> 

,9 HIS PREFACE TO ! S]IES1 ! DIRECTION HE MEANT TO GIVE IT IS 9T]E/+4 .<#c#c.> ,IT DOES 9VOLVE A SOCIO-PSY*OLOGICAL APPROA* 9 :I* ,BUB] = ! FIR/ TIME DEALT ) HIS FAM\S CONCEPT (  ,ZWI%5M5S*LI*E 7BETWE5 MAN & MAN2 9T]-HUMAN7 AS A KEY PROBLEM4 ,YE>S LAT] HE WROTE3 0,:5 ALMO/ FIFTY YE>S AGO ,I BEGAN TO PUR*ASE MY [N FOO?OLD 9 SOCIAL SCI5CE1 ,I !N US$ ! CONCEPT '9T]HUMAN' :I* WAS NOT YET KN[N 444 WE HAVE BE=E US A SPECIAL CATEGORY 444 A SPECIAL DIM5SION ( \R EXP]I5CE 444 ,IT IS \R RI<T TO SPEAK ( SOCIAL VISIONS AT ANY TIME OR PLACE ?AT ! COMMON EXI/5CE ( MULTITUDES ( PEOPLE1 ! CONNECTION ) EA* O!R1 LEADS TO JO9T EXP]IM5TS & JO9T REACTIONS 444 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT !RE IS ANY P]SONAL RELATION :ATSOEV] BETWE5 ONE P]SON & ANO!R 9 ?AT GR\P 444 ,I DIFF]5TIATE BETWE5 ! SOCIAL & 9T]-HUMAN40 .<#c#d.> 

,! 09T]HUMAN0 IS PRIM>ILY A CATEGORY ( SOCIAL PSY*OLOGY4 ,! 0BETWE50 IS A /ATE 9 :I* !RE IS A RECIPROCAL CONNECTION BETWE5 ,I & ?\4 ,IT MAY BE CALL$ SOCIETAL4 ,! 09T]HUMAN0 ASSUMES ! EXI/5CE ( DIFF]5CES BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS1 ) PURPOSES ( !IR [N1 AS A BASIS = ! CREATION ( =M$ PATT]NS2 & !SE >E ! OBJECTIVIZATION ( ! EXPRESSIONS ( ! HUMAN SOCIETY3 VALUES1 SPIRITUAL & ECONOMIC 9T]M$IATORS1 ! SOCIAL ASPECTS ( CULTURE1 ETC4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ACTIONS >E ! DYNAMIC ASPECT ( ! 09T]HUMAN04 7,REVOLUTIONS >E ONE EXAMPLE74 0,SOCIOLOGY IS ! SCI5CE ( ! =MS ( ! 09T]HUMAN04 ,ACTIVITY 9 ! 09T]HUMAN0 IS A MATT] = ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL & CULTURAL HI/ORY4 ,IF !RE IS A DESIRE NOT TO REMA9 DETA*$ FROM REAL LIFE 7]LEBTE LEB57 ALL !SE MU/ NOT BE SEP>AT$ FROM PSY*OLOGY4 ,SOCIETY CANNOT BE CONCEIV$ )\T EXAM9ATION ( 0! LIFE EXP]I5CE ( S\LS0 7DAS ,]LEBNIS VON ,SEEL574 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT HAPP5S BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS IS ONLY :AT OBTA9S BETWE5 COMPLEXES ( PSY*IC ELEM5TS -- & ONLY ?US CAN IT BE UND]/OOD4 ,SOCIAL =MS HAVE A UNIQUE SIGNIFICANCE 9 HUMAN PSY*ES4 0,! PROBLEM ( ! '9T]HUMAN' IS BASICALLY A PROBLEM ( SOCIAL PSY*OLOGY3 ,ITS OBJECT IS SOCIAL LIFE :I* %\LD BE VIEW$ AS A PSY*IC PROCESS40 .<#c#e.> 

,!RE IS NO 0SOCIAL S\L0 ABOVE ! S\L ( ! 9DIVIDUAL2 ALL ! PROCESSES TAKE PLACE 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL S\L1 BUT !Y >E DISC]NIBLE :5 ! 9DIVIDUAL IS 9 A SOCIALIZ$ SITUATION 7,V]GESELLS*AFTUNG7 & 9 ?AT SITUATION MUTUAL RELATIONS & SOCIALIZATION >E ! 09T]HUMAN03 ,= ,BUB] AT ?AT TIME DIV9E PRES5CE AS A S9E QUA NON BELITTLES ! /ATUS ( MAN4 ,9 FACT1 9 HIS AN?ROPOLOGY1 MAN WAS ONLY A M9OR P>TN] 9 CREATION4 ,H]E TOO !RE WAS TO COME A *ANGE4 ,IT IS UP TO MAN TO RE=M ! WORLD ( CREATION -- ! ,MESSIAH WILL NOT R$EEM ?IS WORLD BR++ AB\T ! K+DOM ( HEAV5 :I* CANCELS \T ?IS 0VALE ( TE>S04 0,LIFE-LONG P>TN]%IP & A FULL HE>T BETWE5 HUMAN BE+S1 ?AT IS REAL COMMUNITY H]E & N[1 ?AT IS ! K+DOM ( ,GOD DIRECTLY1 ,HIS K+DOM 9 ?IS WORLD4 ,! K+DOM ( ,GOD IS ! COMMUNITY ?AT WILL EM]GE 9 ! FUTURE 444 ,& LIKE ! ,ESS5ES1 MAN DOES NOT FLEE FROM ?IS SECUL> SOCIETY1 BUT SEEKS TO REALLY E/ABLI% IT AS A TRUE RELIGI\S COMMUNITY 444 ,= ! ,DIV9E ,PRES5CE RE/S ONLY :]E ! DESIRE TO MAKE A COV5ANT ) ! ,LORD IS /RONG1 & MAN'S ASPIRATION TO KEEP IT IS MI<TY1 :]E MAN IS BOLD 5\< TO LIVE HIS LIFE FACE TO FACE ) ! ,ABSOLUTE 444 ,! TRUE COMMUNITY IS ! ,S9AI ( ! FUTURE40 7,?IS IS FROM 0,! ,HOLY ,W>01 D$ICAT$ TO ,L&AU]74 

,9  0,HEBREW-,HUMANISM0 .<#c#f.> !RE IS NO LONG] ANY H9T ( ! 0COMMUNITY ( BLOOD04 ,BUB] H]E SPEAKS ( ! 0REALIZATION ( ! SPIRIT01 ( ! P>TN]%IP 9 :I* ,GOD IS REVEAL$ 0AMONG M501 ( 0\R REVOLUTION1 ! REVOLUTION ( COMMUNAL SETTLEM5T01 & ( 0! COMMUNITY -- A COMMUNAL SOCIETY -- 9 :I* ! DIRECT RELATIONS BETWE5 M5 EM]GE & DEVELOP1 RELATIONS :I* C>RY ) !M ! DIV9E COMPON5T :I* IMP>TS TO ! GR\P A P]MAN5T IMAGE40 .<#c#g.> ,L&AU]'S 9FLU5CE IS CLE>LY DISC]NIBLE4 ,AS %[N 9 ! =EGO+ CORRESPOND5CE1 ,BUB] EV5 TRI$ TO 9VOLVE ,L&AU] 9 ! DISCUSSION ( ! PROBLEM ( COMMUNAL SETTLEM5T 9 ,]ETZ-,ISRAEL4 .<#c#h.> 

,! ONTIC-RELIGI\S DIM5SION ,BUB] GAVE TO 0TRUE0 SOCIAL RELATIONS IS 9 CONTRACT TO ! POLITICAL-AN>*I/ CONCLUSIONS ( HIS FRI5D2 AT ! SAME TIME HE ADOPT$ P>T ( HIS SOCIAL-AN>*I/IC \TLOOK4 ,?IS ASPECT ( ,BUB]'S SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY WAS TO BE RE9=C$ DUR+ HIS LIFE 9 ,PALE/9E1 AFT]W>DS ,ISRAEL1 & TO LEAD TO A DEEP5+ 9T]E/ 9 ?AT =M ( SOCIALISM KN[N AS ,UTOPIAN1 & 9 ! A*IEVEM5TS ( ! COMMUNAL MOVEM5TS4 ,HIS ?9K+ AT ?IS /AGE1 WE WILL T]M  SOCIALI/-RELIGI\S-COMMUNIT>IAN1 ) A T+E ( AN>*Y4 .<#c#i.> 

,! MODEL ( ! COV5ANT .<,BRI?.> F\ND 9 BIBLICAL LIT]ATURE P]SI/$ 9 ,BUB]'S ?9K+4 ,! ACCEPTANCE ( ! ,BIBLE WAS ! BEG9N+ ( ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,JEWS AS A PEOPLE4 ,! PEOPLE AS A POLITICAL ORGANISM ORIG9AT$ 9 FAI? 9 ! ,GOD ( ,ISRAEL4 ,! RELIGI\S-POLITICAL UNITY  ,MOSES =G$ IS A SOCIAL IDEAL ,BUB] CONTRA/S ) ! SPLIT *>ACT]I/IC ( ANY?+ MUNDANE & HI/ORICAL4 .<#d.> ,?AT SPLIT D]IVES FROM ! IMP]FECTION ( ! CREAT$ WORLD4 ,! ACTIVE P]SON1 9S(> AS HE IS FREE & DECISIVE1 WILL R$EEM HIMSELF FROM ?IS SPLIT ?R\< HIS P>TICIPATION 9 ! REALIZATION ( ! K+DOM ( ,GOD4 ,! R5EWAL ( ! ,COV5ANT IS ?US ! ORIG9AL HUMAN IDEAL 9 ! FACE ( ! VULG>ITY & MAT]IALISM DOM9AT+ ! /ATE & ! POLITICS4 ,BUB] ALWAYS FE>$ ! 5CROA*M5T UPON ,GOD ( ! NATIONAL-/ATE1 & HE APPEALS TO ANTI-/ATI/ ELEM5TS ?AT >E MA9LY SOCIO-AN>*IC4 

,BUB]'S BOOK1 ,PA?S 9 ,UTOPIA1 .<#d#a.> IS A CLE> EXPRESSION ( ! 9NOVATIONS 9 HIS SOCIAL ?9K+4 ,IT WAS WRITT5 9 ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 DUR+ ! HOLOCAU/ 9 ,EUROPE1 & WAS COMPLEM5T$ BY TWO >TICLES3 0,ON ! ,ESS5CE ( ,CULTURE0 & 0,BETWE5 ,SOCIETY & ,/ATE04 .<#d#b.> 7SEE ,I,I,I BEL[74 

,I,I,I 

0,BETWE5 ,SOCIETY & ,/ATE0 PROVIDES AN HI/ORICAL PANORAMA ( ! DEVELOP+ CONCEPT ( ! 0TRUE CATEGORICAL SEP>ATION BETWE5 ! SOCIAL ELEM5TS & ! POLITICAL ELEM5T40 .<#d#c.> ,BUB] REJECT$ ,>I/OTLE'S CONCEPT ( ! /ATE AS CONGRU5T ) SOCIETY1 & ALSO ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS IDEA 9 ,/OICISM4 ,! ,HOBBES MODEL WAS ALSO REJECT$1 AS 9 IT PEOPLE RALLY R\ND ! /ATE BECAUSE ( MUTUAL FE> ( ANNIHILATION1 AS WAS ,R\SSEAU'S CONCEPT1 9 :I* ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL ELEM5T 0>E BL5D$ 9 A MO/ QUE/IONABLE MANN]04 .<#d#d.> ,) ,LOCKE1 ,SMI?1 ,F]GUSON & ,HEGEL ANO!R L9E EM]GES :I* TAKES ROOT 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,LOR5ZE VON ,/E9 & ,K>L ,M>X4 

,IT WAS ,BUB]'S FE> ?AT ! APPURT5ANCES ( ! /ATE DE/ROY$ CREATIVE SOCIAL SPONTANEITY4 ,& FUR!R3 0,ONLY AFT] ! BIR? ( ! F9I%$ B\RGEOIS SOCIETY FROM ! WOMB ( ! REVOLUTION0 C\LD ,SA9T ,SIMON 70A DILETTANTE ( G5IUS0 AS ,BUB] CALL$ HIM7 PROPOSE ! SEP>ATION ( SOCIAL LEAD]%IP 7:I* IS ADM9I/RATION7 FROM POLITICAL LEAD]%IP 7:I* IS GOV]NM5T74 ,BUB] IS 5*ANT$ BY ,PR\DHON'S /ATEM5T ?AT 0,! LIMITATION ( ! FUNCTION ( ! /ATE IS A QUE/ION ( LIFE & DEA? = LIB]TY1 COLLECTIVE & 9DIVIDUAL40 .<#d#e.> ,NOR WAS HE UNAW>E ?AT ,SA9T ,SIMON V]Y CLOSELY APPROA*$ 0! IDEA ( 9NOVAT+ ! /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY04 ,:AT HE LACK$ WAS ! CONCEPT ( REAL1 ORGANIC SOCIAL UNITS FROM :I* ?IS NEW /RUCTURE C\LD EM]GE1 0444 & IT IS PRECISELY ! SOCIAL UNIT ?AT WAS C5TRAL = ,F\RI] 444 & 9 HIS S*OOL 7WE F9D ! CONCEPT ?AT7 ! ASSOCIATION ( 9DIVIDUALS IS FREE 444 9 :I* 9DIVIDUALISM IS JO9$ SPONTANE\SLY ) COLLECTIVISM40 .<#d#f.> ,H>MONI\S SPONTANEITY BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! COMMUNITY IS ( ! ESS5CE1 & AN ORGANIC SOCIETY IS ONE :OSE /RUCTURE P]MITS IT4 ,! MORE V>I$ & RI* ! /RUCTURE1 ! MORE P]FECT IS ! SOCIETY & ! MORE RESI/ANT TO ! O!R1 ! POLITICAL ELEM5T4 ,) ! HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION ( C5TRALIZATION & 9DU/RIALIZATION 9VOLV+ VULG>ISM & ! O!R CURSES ( CAPITALISM1 !RE IS NO/ALGIA = A SOLUTION ( ?AT K9D6 ,BUB]'S IDEAL FROM N[ ON W\LD BE ! RE/RUCTUR+ ( HUMAN SOCIETY & ITS UPBUILD+ AS A COMMUNITY ( COMMUNITIES4 ,?IS IS ! REASON = ,BUB]'S SUPPORT & 9T]E/ 9 ! FATE ( ! KIBBUTZ & KVUTZA 9 ,]ETZ-,ISRAEL1 :]E ! ,JEWI% PEOPLE WAS R5EW+ ITS LIFE4 

,JU/ AS ! EXPRESSION ( ! 0SOCIAL ELEM5TS IS 9 DIV]SIFI$ SOCIAL =MS1 SO ! 0POLITICAL ELEM5T0 IS EXPRESS$ 9 POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! 0POLITICAL ELEM5T0 ) ITS MAT]IALISM & UTILIT>IANISM CONSI/S ( ! /ATE AS AGA9/ GR\PS & ASSOCIATIONS4 ,GR\PS1 CIRCLES1 CONGREGATIONS1 SOCIETIES1 UNIONS1 ASSOCIATIONS ( ALL K9DS1 & NOT 9DIVIDUALS >E ! BASIC COMPON5TS ( A SOCIETY4 ,SOCIETY DEVELOPS :AT !SE GR\PS HAVE 9 COMMON BUT IS 9CAPABLE ( =C+ IT UPON !M1 & LACKS ! P[] TO COPE ) ! CONFLICTS BETWE5 !M4 ,SOCIETY ALSO DOES NOT HAVE ! P[] TO DEF5D ITSELF AGA9/ EXT]NAL FOES4 ,! FACT ( 0G5]AL 9/ABILITY0 5D[S ! /ATE & ITS ORGANS ) 0DECISIVE1 UNIFY+0 /R5G?4 0,! /ATE RE/S ON ! 9/9CT = SURVIVAL ( SOCIETY ITSELF2 ! EXT]NAL CRISES 5ABLE IT ONCE 9 A :ILE TO OV]COME ! 9T]NAL CRISES40 .<#d#g.> 

,UND] ?OSE CIRCUM/ANCES1 ,BUB] F9DS ! CON/ANT MA9T5ANCE ( ! 0POLITICAL ELEM5T0 NECESS>Y1 & 9 ?IS HE DELIB]ATELY DEP>TS FROM ANY CONSI/5T AN>*I/IC IDEOLOGY 9CLUD+ ?AT ( ,L&AU]4 ,HE ALSO DISAGREES ) ,M>X1 AB\T :OM HE WRITES3 0,) HIM BEG9S ! MOVEM5T ( SOCIALISM 9 :I* ! SOCIAL ELEM5T NO LONG] EXI/S EXCEPT AS A F9AL GOAL & IS MISS+ FROM ! PRACTICAL PROGRAM40 .<#d#h.> ,HIS DISCUSSION ?US FOCUSES ON ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! SOCIAL & ! POLITICAL1 & ON A SE>* = A NORM ?AT RE/RICTS ! T5D5CY ( ! 0POLITICAL ELEM5T0 TO SPLIT ! V>I\S SOCIAL =MS4 

,9 ,BETWE5 ,SOCIETY & ,/ATE1 ,BUB] CONSID]S ,LOR5Z VON ,/E9 TO BE ! F\ND] ( ! 0SCI5CE ( SOCIAL REALITY04 .<#d#i.> ,NOT ACCID5TALLY1 ! ESSAY OP5S ) A QUOTATION FROM ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL'S  ,P[]4 .<#e.> ,RUSSELL IS A BRAVE FI<T] = FRE$OM :I* HE CONSID]S TO BE ! =EMO/ 0POLITICAL GOOD0 & HE CONSEQU5TLY F9DS IT AN URG5T NECESSITY TO LIMIT ! P[] ( ! /ATE & ITS GOV]N+ E/ABLI%M5T4 ,AT ! SAME TIME HE IS CRITICAL ( AN>*ISM :I* SEEKS AN ABSOLUTE REVOLUTION>Y ANNIHILATION ( ! /ATE 7AS PREA*$ BY ,BAKUN9 & O!RS7 & HIS *IEF PROPOSALS >E 9 ! SPIRIT ( GUILD-SOCIALISM4 ,BUB] DOES NOT ACCEPT ,RUSSELL'S SOCIAL CRE$4 ,HE CONSID]S IT TO BE VAGUE & TOO G5]AL4 0,SOCIAL BE+S ALL CONTA9 A GRA9 ( P[]1 AU?ORITY1 COMM&1 :I* !Y NE$ TO SURVIVE2 BUT ?AT ELEM5T IS NOT ! *IEF ONE 9 ANY BE+ ?AT1 IS NOT POLITICAL40 .<#e#a.> ,H[EV]1 ,BUB] & ,RUSSELL >E CLOS] ?AN APPE>S AT FIR/ GLANCE4 

,! 0POLITICAL ELEM5T0 IS ?US COMPULSION1 ! APPLICATION ( P[] :I* IS ALWAYS A CLE> 9FRACTION AGA9/ ! SOCIAL APPROA* BAS$ ON 0SPONTANEITY1 %AP+ FROM )91 :I* IS ALSO ! F\NDATION ( V>IETY ( =MS04 .<#e#b.> ,BUB]'S 9CL9ATION = ! 0,UTOPIAN0 SOCIALI/ CRE$ IS CLE>LY 9DICAT$ 9 ! FOLL[+ /ATEM5T3 0,HUMAN RELATIONS1 ?AT IS1 REAL LIFE1 >E 9 FACT DI/ORT$ & P]V]T$ 444 9 ! TIME ( ! CAPITALI/ REGIME4 ,! *ANGE 9 ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ORD] 7AWAY FROM ! EXI/+ CAPITALI/ ORD]7 IS NOT = ! PURPOSE ( REALIZ+ SOCIALISM BUT 9 FACT = ! IMP]ATIVE REMOVAL ( 9HIBITIONS4 ,H[EV]1 ! *ANGE ( ORD] %\LD BY NO MEANS BE CONSID]$ AS FIR/ 9 TIME ) ! R5OVATION ( /RUCTURE FOLL[+ 444 0,UTOPIAN0 SOCIALISM CONSID]S COOP]ATIVES AS A MEANS = ! R5OVATION ( /RUCTURE 444 ! MA9 TASK BELONGS TO COMPREH5SIVE1 COMPLETE ASSOCIATION1 :I* 9CLUDES PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION 444 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT ?+ IS TO E/ABLI% ! P[] ?AT 444 WILL CONV]GE 9TO A MANY-FACET$ UNITY4 0,UTOPIAN0 SOCIALISM CAN 9 A SPECIAL S5SE BE CALL$ 0TOPIAN0 SOCIALISM3 IT IS NOT \TSIDE ( PLACE BUT ASPIRES TO REALIZATION AT ALL TIMES 9 A P>TICUL> PLACE & UND] P>TICUL> CIRCUM/ANCES40 .<#e#c.> 

,BUB] F9DS ,UTOPIAN ELEM5TS 9 EV]Y SOCIALI/ DOCTR9E3 0,! ,UTOPIAN PICTURE IS A PICTURE ( :AT '\<T TO BE' 444 ,! ,UTOPIAN WI% IS 444 A DESIRE = ! RI<T ?+ 444 :I* BY ITS NATURE CANNOT BE REALIZ$ 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL BUT ONLY 9 A HUMAN GR\P 444 ,! VISION ( ! RI<T ?+ AS AN IDEA IS CONTA9$ )9 ! PICTURE ( A PLACE ?AT IS 5TIRELY GOOD1 A SORT ( ,UTOPIA40 .<#e#d.> ,! 0,UTOPIAN0 9 SOCIALISM IS REVEAL$ AS 0TOPIAN0 -- IT IS NOT AIM$ AT ! P]FECT+ ( ! CREAT$ WORLD 7ES*ATOLOGICALLY SPEAK+7 BUT AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( POSSIBILITIES 9H]5T 9 ! LIFE ( HUMAN BE+S TOGE!R4 ,MAN'S IMPROVEM5T DEP5DS ON HIS WILL & ON HIS BE+ AW>E ( HIS ABILITIES4 

,9 ,PA?S 9 ,UTOPIA ,BUB] TELLS US ?AT IT IS IMPORTANT N[ :5 AN 0ANTI-DIALOGIC TRAIT HAS GA9$ CONTROL01 TO ATTEMPT TO IMPLEM5T ! IDEA4 ,?IS ATTEMPT MU/ BE BOLD1 AL?\< IT IS PROBLEM-RIDD54 ,& HE IS SEEK+ ! 9N] CONNECTION BETWE5 SETTLEM5TS ( COMMUNAL LABOR & ,UTOPIAN-TOPIAN SOCIALISM4 ,FROM HIS EXAM9ATION ( ?IS 9N] CONNECTION1 HE IS CONV9C$ ?AT ! KVUTZA-KIBBUTZ 9 ,ISRAEL IS ! ONE 0EXP]IM5T ?AT DID NOT FAIL01 & = ?AT REASON IT HAS A SPECIAL NATIONAL AS WELL AS AN UNIV]SAL SIGNIFICANCE4 .<#e#e.> 

"9 "9 "9 

,P]SONAL ,ADDRESS3 
,KIBBUTZ ,M]HAVIA 
,ISRAEL #a#i#a4 

  

.<#a.> ,SEE ! LETT] ( ,L&AU] TO ,PAUL ,ELTZBA*]1 ,GU/AV ,L&AU]3 ,SE9 ,LEB5SGANG 9 ,BRIEF51 $1 BY ,M4 ,BUB]1 #b VOL41 #aibi #a1 #e#a4 ,HIS ID5TIFICATION ) & HIS DISAGREEM5T )1 AN>*ISM AS AN ORD]$ SY/EM >E F\ND 9 ! FOLL[+ >TICLES3 0,D] ,AN>*ISMUS 9 ,DEUTS*L&10 ,ZUKUNFT1 ,JANU>Y #e1 #a#h#i#e2 0,AN>*I/IS*E ,G$ANK5 UB] ,AN>*ISMUS10 ,IBID1 ,OCTOB] #b#f1 #a#i#g4 ,9 HIS ?\<T ! 9FLU5CE ( ,PR\DHON1 ,KROPOTK9 & ,TOL/OY >E NOTABLE4 ,= ! SIMIL>ITIES & ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 HIS ?\<T & !SE ?9K]S1 SEE ,M4 ,BUB]1 ,PA?S 9 ,UTOPIA1 #a#i#d#g1 PP4 #c-#e#i 7,HEBREW7 & ,W4 ,KALZ1 ,GU/AV ,L&AU] ,KULTUR ,SOZIALI/ UND ,AN>*I/1 ,M]S5HEIMAM ,ILAN1 #a#i#f#g1 #a#a#c-#a#i4 

.<#b.> ,! FOLL[+ ( ,L&AU]'S ESSAYS1 ,CALL TO ,SOCIALISM1 ,! ,REVOLUTION1 ,TWELVE ,PR9CIPLES1 W]E TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,HEBREW BY  ,ISRAEL ,COH51 ,TEL ,AVIV1 #aiee 7,AM ,OV$74 ,SEE !RE ! TRANSLATOR'S 9TRODUCTION4 ,L&AU]'S 9FLU5CE ON ,HAPOEL ,HATZAIR1 7,! ,Y\NG ,WORK]71 ,ZEIREI-,ZION 7,YONG ,M5 ( ,ZION71 & ,ZIONI/ Y\? MOVEM5TS >E /UDI$ 9 COLLECTIONS :I* APPE>$ 9 HIS HONOR 9 #aibi & #a#i#c#i4 ,SEE MY BOOKS3 ,BUB]'S ,SOCIAL ,PHILOSOPHY1 #a#i#h#a2 ,G4 ,L&AU]3 ,WRIT+S & ,LETT]S1 #aihb 79 ,HEBREW74 

.<#c.> ,9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#g1 ,ZUKUNFT1 0,VOLK UND ,L&3 ,DREISSIG ,SOZIALI/IS*E ,!S540 7,SEE ALSO 9 ,BEG9N51 #c-#b74 

.<#d.> ,HIS OP9ION ( ! COMMUNAL SETTLEM5T 7,SI$LUNG7 & ! ALLI$ COMMUNITY 7,GEME9S*AFT7 >E MY/IC 9 S\RCE ) ROMANTIC-SOCIALI/IC CONNOTATIONS4 ,ON ?IS MATT]1 SEE HIS >TICLE 9 ! COLLECTION ,BEG9N5 & ALSO ! 9TRODUCTION ( ,H4,J4 ,HEYDORN TO ! NEW $ITION ( ,CALL TO ,SOCIALISM1 ,FRANKFURT1 #a#i#f#g4 

.<#e.> ,%MUEL ,HUGO ,B]GMAN TELLS ( ,A4,D4 ,GORDON'S EXCITEM5T :5 0HE F\ND HIS IDEAS0 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,L&AU] :I* HE BR\<T ) HIM UPON HIS RETURN FROM ! CONV5TION ( ! ,HAPOEL-,HATZAIR 7,PRAGUE1 #a#i#b1 :]E ,M>T9 ,BUB] HAD EULOGIZ$ ,L&AU]74 ,SEE ,B]GMAN'S >TICLE 0,L&AU] & ,GORDON0 9 ! COLLECTION ,GU/AV ,L&AU]1 $IT$ BY ,Y4 ,Z&BANK 7,TEL ,AVIV1 #a#i#c#i71 P4 #e#h4   
  ,A4,D4 7,AH>ON ,DAVID7 ,GORDON WAS BORN 9 ,TROJNOV1 ,UKRA9E 9 #ahef & DI$ 9 #a#i#b#b1 9 ,DEGANIA1 ! FIR/ ,KVUTZA 9 ,PALE/9E4 ,HE WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! KIBBUTZ MOVEM5T & AN IDEOLOGI/ ( 0BACK TO WORK & NATURE04 ,SEE NOTE #a#b4 

.<#f.> ,GU/AV ,L&AU]1 0,! ,TWELVE ,>TICLES ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,BUND01 0,APP5DIX01 9 ,EUG5E ,LUNN'S ,! ,PROPHET ( ,COMMUNITY2 ,! ,ROMANTIC ,SOCIALISM ( ,GU/AV ,L&AU] 7,B]KELEY1 ,CALI=NIA3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#c#g71 PP4 #c#d#i-#e4   
  ,! TRANSLATION IS FROM ! V]SION ( ,TWELVE ,PR9CIPLES ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,ALLIANCE 9 ,G]MAN 9 ,W4,KALZ1 PP4 #a#d#b-#c2 ,D] ,SOZIALI/1 #bJG1 #a#d4   
  ,A BROAD] V]SION ( ! ,PR9CIPLES IS EXTANT1 DAT$ #aiab 7OP4 CIT4 P4 #a#d#c74 

.<#g.> ,9 ,L&AU]'S AN>*O-SOCIALISM1 V>I\S 9FLU5CES >E NOTABLE1 ESPECIALLY ! 9FLU5CE ( ,P4,J4 ,PR\DHON4 ,! 0,PEOPLE'S ,BANK01 SPOK5 ( 9 P>4 #h1 IS ONE ( ! F\NDATIONS ( ! JU/ SOCIETY ACCORD+ TO ,PR\DHON'S !ORY4 ,PRODUCTS MU/ BE TRAD$ = O!R PRODUCTS ( ! SAME VALUE2 BECAUSE ( ! DIFFICULTY ( ORGANIZ+ DIRECT TRADE1 A POPUL> CR$IT SY/EM IS NE$$ :I* WILL 9SURE G5]AL TRADE )\T ! BANKS & ! V>I\S F9ANCIAL 9/ITUTIONS BE+ ABLE TO APPROPRIATE EXESSIVE PR(ITS 9 A P>ASITIC MANN]4 ,SEE ,PR\DHON'S ,SOLUTION DU ,PROBLEME ,SOCIALE 7#a#h#d#h-#i71 & ALSO HIS PLAN = A 0,POPUL> ,BANK40   
  ,SILVIO ,GESELL1 AN ECONOMI/ & FRI5D ( ,L&AU]1 & A MEMB] ( ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T ( ,E4 ,TOLL]1 DEVELOP$ IDEAS ACCORD+ TO ,PR\DHON'S !ORY 9 ! FIELDS ( BANK+ & ECONOMY4 

.<#h.> ,HEAD+ ! LETT] ( ,NA*UM ,GOLDMAN1 9 H&WRIT+1 IS ! PR9T$ ADDRESS1 ,B]L9 W#a#e1 ,SA*SIS*E/T #h4 ,! TWO LETT]S PUBLI%$ H]E >E TO BE F\ND 9 ! ,BUB]-,>*IVES 7,! ,NATIONAL & ,UNIV]SITY ,LIBR>Y 9 ,J]USALEM7 7NUMB]S3 #a#f#g_/#a#f#h1 #d#c#b4 ,MS4 ,V>47 

.<#i.> ,L&AU]'S ADDRESS 9 ,MUNI* WAS AT ?AT TIME3 ,HOTEL ,WOLF1 ,ANULF/R4 ,FROM ! TIME ?AT ,KURT ,EISN] 9VIT$ HIM TO ,MUNI*1 HE DIVID$ HIS TIME BETWE5 POLITICAL ACTIVITIES 9 ?AT CITY & ,KROMBA*1 :]E HIS FAMILY LIV$ 7& AFT]W>DS1 ALSO ,EISN]'S DAU<T]S74 

.<#a.> ,REF]5CE IS TO A SPECIAL GA!R+ ,PALE/9A-,DELEGI]T5TAG1 :I* WAS PLANN$ = ! 5D ( ,APRIL 9 ,MUNI*1 ON ! 9ITIATIVE ( ,BUB]1 ,GOLDMAN1 & O!RS4 ,9 ,VOLUME ,I,I ( ,L&AU]'S LETT]S1 ?IS GA!R+ IS M5TION$ AS A 0,JEWI% ,SOCIALI/S ,CONV5TION0 7,KONF]5Z ,JUDIS*] ,SOCIALI/57 & IT IS M5TION$1 ) ,GOLDMAN'S APPEAL1 ONLY ONCE 9 ,G4,L4'S LETT] TO ,BUB] ON ,M>* #b 7,BRIEFE1 #a1 #d#b74   
  ,MORE 9=MATION IS F\ND 9 ! SECOND VOLUME ( ,M4 ,BUB]'S LETT]S3 ,BRIEFWE*SEL AUS ,SIEB5 ,JAHREZ5T51 ,VOL4 ,I,I1 #a#i#a#h-#a#i#c#h1 ,HEIDELB]G1 #a#i#g#c4 ,9 LETT]S #a#h-#b1 FROM E>LY #a#i#a#i1 ! CONV5TION1 ITS IMPORTANCE & ITS POT5TIAL P>TICIPANTS >E M5TION$4 ,BUB] LEFT ,MUNI* ON ! V]Y DAY ( ! MURD] ( ,KURT ,EISN] 7,FEBRU>Y #b#a72 PREVI\SLY1 HE MET ) ,L&AU] & AMONG O!R SUBJECTS ! CONV5TION WAS SPOK5 (3 ,L&AU] PROMIS$ TO P>TICIPATE & TO HELP 9 ITS PREP>ATION4 ,9 A LETT] FROM ,>NOLD ,ZWEIG TO ,BUB] ON ,M>* #f1 HE WRITES ?AT IT W\LD BE JU/IFI$ IF IT W\LD BE POSSIBLE TO 0TRANSF]0 ,L&AU] FROM ,G]MAN TO ,JEWI% POLITICS1 & ?IS WAS APP>5TLY ! ?9K+ ( ,BUB]1 :O KNEW ?AT 9  ,PESA* #aiai SEV]AL ,ZIONI/ CONV5TIONS W]E PLANN$ 9 ,EUROPE & REPRES5TATIVES FROM ,]ETZ-,ISRAEL W]E LIKELY TO P>TICIPATE4 

.<#a#a.> ,N4 ,GOLDMAN M5TIONS ! ,BUB]-,L&AU] CONV]SATION 9 ,MUNI*4 ,AMONG ! LETT]S PUBLI%$ 9 ,VOLUME ,I,I ( ,BUB]'S LETT]S1 IS F\ND A LETT] FROM ,GOLDMAN TO ,BUB]1 ,NO4 #ba FROM ,M>* #a#d1 #a#i#a#i1 9 :I* ! PROGRAM ( ! CONV5TION IS DESCRIB$4 ,GOLDMAN SUGGE/S ?AT ,L&AU] OP5 ) PROBLEMS ( COMMUNAL SETTLEM5T4 ,! SUGGE/$ DATE IS ,PESA*1 GO ?AT REPRES5TATIVES FROM ,ISRAEL TRAVEL+ TO ! CONV5TION 9 ,B]L9 C\LD ALSO P>TICIPATE4 ,! PLACE -- ,MUNI*1 = ! CONV5I5CE ( ,BUB] & ,L&AU]4 ,HE PROMISES TO TELEGRAPH ,L&AU]4   
  ,9 A SECOND LETT] ON ! MATT]1 ,NO4 #b#b1 DAT$ ,M>* #b 7,NO4 #egc 9 ! LETT]S ( ,L&AU]71 HE WRITES TO ,BUB] ?AT HE HAS ALREADY REPLI$ TO ,GOLDMAN1 WILL BE PLEAS$ TO MEET !M 9 ,MUNI* & HOPES IT WILL BE A FRUITFUL SESSION4 ,HE EV5 AGRE$ TO ,GOLDMAN'S SUGGE/ION ?AT ! 9VITATION TO ?IS SPECIAL CONV5TION BE SIGN$ BY BO? ( !M4 

.<#a#b.> ,SETTLEM5T & BUILD+ ( ,]ETZ-,ISRAEL SEEM$ UNLIKE AN ORD9>Y PROCESS ( SETTLEM5T ( B>R5 L&1 9 ! EYES ( ! ,SOCIALI/-,ZIONI/S4 ,9 A SPEE* FROM #a#i#a#h1 ,BUB] DESCRIBES ?IS SETTLEM5T AS 0REVOLUTION>Y SETTLEM5T10 S9CE IT WAS NOT TO REPAIR AN EXI/+ SOCIAL /RUCTURE1 BUT RA!R TO BASE A NEW EXI/5CE 9 ! ACT ( SETTLEM5T & 09 ?IS WE >E CALL$ UPON TO BR+ AB\T ! R5EWAL ( \R IMAGE0 ,PA?S 9 ,UTOPIA1 P4 #a#d#e74 ,ACCORD+ TO ! PROGRAM ( ! CONV5TION1 ,L&AU] WAS 9VIT$ TO LECTURE ON ! SOCIAL ASPECTS ( ! SETTLEM5T 9 CONSID]ATION ( ?IS ORIG9AL CONCEPT ( COMMUNAL SETTLEM5T AS ! FIR/ MEANS TO ! SOCIALI/ *ANGE ( SOCIETY4 ,HIS 9FLU5CE ON ,ZIONI/ Y\? GR\PS & ON ,HAPOEL ,HATZAIR WAS OBVI\S4 ,B]GMAN 7OP4 CIT47 TELLS ( ,A4,D4 ,GORDON'S EXCITEM5T UPON HIS DIS-COV]Y ( ! IDEAS ( ,L&AU] 7SEE ,NOTE #e1 ABOVE74 ,L&AU]'S BELIEF 9 SETTLEM5T1 COOP]ATION1 & CLOS5ESS TO !  E>? >E ELEM5TS ?AT CAN BE F\ND 9 ,A4,D4 ,GORDON'S [N WRIT+S4 

.<#a#c.> ,C5TRALIZATION WAS SE5 9 ,G4,L4'S EYES AS A FEATURE ( CO]CIVE CAPITALI/ SY/EMS4 ,ONLY ) DEC5TRALIZATION IS FACE-TO-FACE DEMOCRACY POSSIBLE4 ,M4 ,BUB] SPECIFICALLY M5TIONS ,L&AU] :5 HE DESCRIBES SOCIALISM AS REAL COOP]ATION BETWE5 PEOPLE1 A DIRECT LIV+-RELATION%IP BETWE5 0,I0 & 0,?\0 -- 9 HIS >TICLE 0,:Y ,%\LD ! ,BUILD+ ( ,]ETZ-,ISRAEL BE ,SOCIALI/IC80 7,SEE ,PA?S 9 ,UTOPIA1 P4 #a#d#i74 

.<#a#d.> ,9 ! HI/ORICAL DEBATE BETWE5 ,HAPOEL-,HATZAIR & ! ,AKHDUT-,HA'AVODA 7,LABOR ,UNION71 ! =M] W]E ! PROPON5TS ( DEC5TRALIZATION I4E41 !Y EMPHASIZ$ ! AUTONOMY ( ! SOCIO-ECONOMIC UNIT 7! GR\P74 ,GOLDMAN USES ! T]M 0DEZ5TRALISI]T5 ,GEME9S*AFTS ORDNUNG40 

.<#a#e.> ,NATIONALIZATION ( L&1 A RETURN TO SOIL & NATURE1 SPECIAL ATT5TION TO 0NATURE & L&0 7,GORDON71 !SE TYPIFY ! ,SOCIALI/-,ZIONI/ & 0,AGR>IAN ,SOCIALISM0 9 G5]AL & ! AN>*I/ SOCIALISM ( ,L&AU] 9 P>TICUL>2 BUT ALSO ! OP9IONS ( ,PR\DHON1 ,KROPOTK91 ,TOL/OY1 ,GORDON & O!RS4 ,SEE ,L&AU]'S REPLY TO ,GOLDMAN1 ABOVE4 

.<#a#f.> ,GOLDMAN WROTE ON 0,V]GESELLS*AFTUNG D] ,PRODUCTIONSMITTEL0 & ?IS /&>D CLAIM ( ,M>XI/ ,G]MAN SOCIALISM 7& SOMETIMES ,M>XI/ !ORY7 IS *ALL5G$ 9 ! >GUM5TS ( ,L&AU]'S LETT]74 

.<#a#g.> ,WRITT5 0,G5OSS5S*EFTLI* ORGANISI]TE ,FABRIC04 7,AN E>LY H9T ( ! PROBLEM ( KIBBUTZ 9DU/RY ( \R TIMES74 

.<#a#h.> ,MO/ ( ,L&AU]'S LETT]S ( MID-#a#i#a#b1 W]E ADDRESS$ FROM ,KROMBA* 7,SWAB574 ,?IS IS ! BIR?PLACE ( ,H$VIG ,LA*MAN1 HIS WIFE1 & ! ,L&AU] FAMILY LIV$ !RE UNTIL HIS MURD]4 

.<#a#i.> ,9 HIS LETT] TO ,BUB] ON ,M>* #b1 !RE IS M5TION ( A LETT] ( ,M>* #a#h1 :I* HAS NOT BE5 F\ND4 ,PROBABLY 9 ?IS LETT] ,BUB] M5TION$ ! CONV5TION1 BUT ! LETT] WAS NOT YET 9 ,L&AU]'S H&S4 7,SEE NOTES #a-#a#a ABOVE74 

.<#b.> ,ON ! EV5TS & ON ,L&AU]'S MOOD 9 ! LA/ MON? ( HIS LIFE !RE IS RELIABLE EVID5CE4 ,& ! FACTS >E SUPPORT$ BY HIS LETT]S FROM ! SAME DAYS4 ,HIS WORDS PROV$ TO BE PROPHETIC4 

.<#b#a.> ,L&AU] BELONG$ TO ! S*OOL ( AN>*ISM ?AT SEES ! F\NDATIONS ( AN>*ISM 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,HE F\ND AN ORIG9AL !ORETICAL SOLUTION TO ! 9TEGRATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL )9 ! :OLE1 ! P>T 9 ! ORGANISM 7!SE PROBLEMS W]E NOT =EIGN TO ! PIONE]S ( COMMUNAL LIFE 9 ,]ETZ-,ISRAEL74 ,?IS EMPHASIS IS IMPORTANT 9 ORD] NOT TO CLASSIFY ,L&AU] AS A 0FOLK0-IDEOLOGI/ 7,VOLK71 ( :I* TOTALIT>IAN COLLECTIVISM IS ONE EXAMPLE4 

.<#b#b.> ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT NOT ONLY ,M>XI/ SOCIALI/S REJECT AN ECONOMY BAS$ ON ! RACE = PR(ITS4 ,! SOCIETY 5VISAG$ BY ,L&AU] IS BAS$ ON AUTONOM\S COOP]ATIVE-COMMUNITIES PRODUC+ GOODS & COMMODITIES ?R\< LOVE ( WORK AS DESCRIB$ 9 ,TWELVE ,PR9CIPLES4   
  ,9 ADDITION ,L&AU] SAW WOR? & URG5CY 9 ! IMM$IATE REALIZATION ( !SE NEW =MS ( SOCIETY1 9DEP5D5T ( A *ANGE 9 ! /RUCTURE ( ! /ATE4 ,9 #aic HE P>TICIPAT$ 9 MEET+S ( ! UNION ( 0,DEUTS*E ,G>T5/ADT ,GESELLS*AFT0 :I* WAS BAS$ ON A ROMANTIC 0ANTI-URBAN0 SPIRIT 9VOLV+ A %IFT FROM ! CITY TO ! C\NTRY4 ,AMONG ! MEMB]S ( ! ORGANIZATION WAS ,FRANZ ,OPP5HEIM]1 ! AU?OR ( ,! ,/ATE4 ,HIS 9T]E/ 9 ! ORGANIZATION1 LIKE ,L&AU]'S1 WAS DIRECT$ T[>D COOP]ATIVE SETTLEM5T4 7,ON ?IS SUBJECT1 SEE ! MEMOIRS ( ,MAX ,NETTLAU74 ,OPP5HEIM] WAS ! 9ITIATOR ( COOP]ATIVE SETTLEM5TS 9 ,PALE/9E3 ,M]HAVIA 7N[ A KIBBUTZ74 

.<#b#c.> ,EQUAL WOR? 9 EX*ANGE1 AN EX*ANGE BANK1 CR$IT )\T 9T]E/1 >E IDEAS ( ,PR\DHON ?AT F\ND EXPRESSION 9 ,L&AU]'S DESCRIPTION ( ! JU/ FUTURE SOCIETY4 7,SEE ALSO HIS COLLECTION ,BEG9N574 

.<#b#d.> 0,ME9 ,WEG ZUM ,*ASIDISMUS01 7#a#i#a#h71 ,H9WEISE1 ,ZURI* #a#i#e#c1 ,S4 #a#h#g4 

.<#b#e.> 0,! ,DEM& ( ! ,SPIRIT & ,HI/ORICAL ,REALITY01 7#a#i#c#h71 ,AM ,VE ,OLAM1 PP4 #e#i-#f 

.<#b#f.> ,G4 ,L&AU]1 ,! ,REVOLUTION1 7,HEBREW71 ,TEL ,AVIV1 #a#i#e#a1 P4 #a#g#g2 & HIS ,CALL TO ,SOCIALISM3 0,:]E !RE IS NO SPIRIT & NO 9N] NECESSITY !RE IS EXT]NAL AU?ORITY1 & CON/ITUTIONAL & /ATE >RANGEM5TS4 ,:5 !RE IS ,SPIRIT1 !RE IS SOCIETY4 ,:]E !RE IS A LACK ( ,SPIRIT1 !RE IS A /ATE4 ,! /ATE IS A SUB/ITUTE = ,SPIRIT 444 ,A NATION AS ! NATURAL NECESSITY ( A BORN COMMUNITY IS BEAUTIFUL 9DE/RUCTIBLE PRIMORDIAL ,SPIRIT4 ,BUT A NATION JO9$ TO A /ATE 9 VIOL5CE CONSI/S ( CONTRIV$ CRUELTY & DELIB]ATE /UPIDITY10 IBID41 P4 #d#h4 ,= ,L&AU]'S MEAN+ ( 0,SPIRIT01 :I* V]Y MU* LIKE ,BUB]'S1 SEE ,MAUR]'S ,CALL TO ,REVOLUTION1 ,DETROIT1 #a#i#g#a1 & ,KOHN'S ,BUB] 1 P4 #a#i#e4 ,L&AU]'S 9FLU5CE ON ,BUB]'S SOCIAL ?9K+1 IS DISCUSS$ 9 MY ,BUB]'S ,SOCIAL ,PHILOSOPHY1 ,TEL ,AVIV1 #aiha 7,HEBREW74 

.<#b#g.> ,AM ,VE,OLAM1 P4 #e#d4 

.<#b#h.> 0,! ,HOLY ,WAY01 ,TEUDA ,VE,YEUD1 ,J]USALEM #a#i#e#i1 PP4 #i#f-#a 70,9 MEMORY ( MY FRI5D ,GU/AV ,L&AU]07 7,5GLI% 9 ,ON ,JUDAISM1 $4 BY ,N4,N4 ,GLATZ]1 #a#i#f#g74 

.<#b#i.> ,ALTE UND ,NEUE ,GEME9S*AFT -- 7,BUB] >*IVES ,M,S#d#g_/,C1 PUBLI%$ 9 #aigf 9 ,VOL4 ,I ( ,ASSOCIATION = ,JEWI% ,/UDIES ,REVIEW1 ,CAMBRIDGE1 7,MASS4747 ,?IS WAS ,BUB]'S LECTURE AT ! ,>*ITECTS' ,H\SE 9 ,B]L91 #a#i#a1 BE=E ! CIRCLE ( ! ,H>T BRO!RS2 ,I F9D SOME SIGNIFICANCE 9 ,L&AU]'S E>LY RETIREM5T FROM ?IS 0NEW COMMUNITY0 AS ITS MEMB]S1 HE FELT1 DID NOT DISPLAY ! MODICUM ( SOCIAL S5SITIVITY4 ,SEE MY 9TRODUCTION TO ,BUB]'S TEXTS ON COMMUNITY1 ,KIBBUTZ ,RESE>* ,C5T]1 ,HAIFA #aih 7,HEBREW74 

.<#c.> ,ASSOCIATION = ,JEWI% ,/UDIES ,REVIEW 7OP4 CIT47 PP4 #e#d-#e#e4 ,F4 ,TONNIES ,GEME9S*AFT UND ,GESELLS*AFT APPE>$ 9 #a#h#h#g2 ,BUB] WAS NOT PLEAS$ ) ! DIAGNOSIS ?AT ,GESELLS*AFT TOTALLY DISLODG$  ,GEME9S*AFT1 & HELD ?AT ELEM5TS ( ,GEME9S*AFT RELATIONS P]SI/ BEYOND ! 9/ITUTIONAL =MALIZATION *>ACT]I/IC ( ! GESELLS*AFT-/AGE2 NOR DID HE APPROVE ! REM$IES NECESS>Y TO P]MIT A RETURN TO AN ORGANIC RURAL COMMUNITY4 ,HE EXPRESS$ HIS EXPLICIT CRITICISM 9 A PUBLIC DEBATE 9 #a#i#a#i4 7,SEE ,WORTE AN DIE ,ZEIT1 ,MUN*5 #a#i#a#i1 ,BD4 #b1 ,S4 #a#a74 

.<#c#a.> ,G4 ,L&AU]1 ,! ,REVOLUTION1 PP4 #a#e#a-#a#e#c 7,HEBREW74 

.<#c#b.> ,?IS WAS ! 0>I/OCRACY ( ! SPIRIT0 7,GEI/ES>I/OKRATIE71 :I* F\ND PROV9CIAL & *ALL5G$ ,PRUSSIA'S >I/OCRACY & ROYAL C\RT4 

.<#c#c.> ,! 9TRODUCTION APPE>S 9 ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ! S]IES3 ,W4 ,SOMB>T1 ,DAS ,PROLET>IAT1 #a#i#f4 ,BUB] QUE/IONS ! POSSIBILITY ( COMMUNITY AS IT APPE>S 9 ! FIR/ *APT] ( ,SIMMEL'S ,DIE ,SOZIOLOGIE & ALSO QUE/IONS 0SOCIAL PSY*OLOGY0 ( ! ,DIL!Y TYPE4 

.<#c#d.> ,BUB]'S 9TRODUCTION TAKES UP PAGES ,I,V TO ,X,I,V 9 ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ! S]IES4 ,! T]M DAS ,ZWIS*5M5S*LI*E APPE>S ON P4 ,I,X4 ,BUB] LAT] TRANSLAT$ IT AS 09T]HUMAN0 9 HIS ESSAY 0,! ,ELEM5TS ( ! ,9T]HUMAN0 7#a#i#e#c7 9CLUD$ 9 ! COLLECTION ,SOD ,SIAH1 ,J]USALEM1 #a#i#e#i1 PP4 #b#a#a-#b#c#c4 ,! QUOTATIONS >E ON PP4 #b#a#c1 #b#a#f4 ,9 ! OP9ION ( ,M4 ,FRI$MAN1 AU?ORITY ON ,BUB]1 HE WAS ! FIR/ TO USE ! T]M4 ,AT TIMES ,BUB] USES ! T]M DAS ,ZWIS*5 79T]-M$IUM7 9 ! SAME S5SE4 ,?IS IS ! >EA ( T5SION -- ( ATTRACTION & REPULSION -- BETWE5 TWO :5 BO? >E COMPLETE SUBJECTS3 0,! SPH]E ( ! 9T]HUMAN IS ! SPH]E ( ! 9DIVIDUAL FAC+ HIS FELL[1 & ITS MANIFE/ATION BE=E US4 ,I CALL ! DIALOGUE 444 7,:AT HAPP5S !N7 IS ONLY A HIDD5 ACCOMPLI%-M5T TO ! TALK ITSELF1 AN ACCOMPANIM5T TO A HI<LY SOCIAL HAPP5+ ( MANY MEAN+S1 & ITS SIGNIFICANCE LIES NOT 9 EI!R ( ! P>TICIPANTS1 OR 9 ! TWO TOGE!R BUT 9 ?IS COORD9ATION ( ! ACT 9 !IR BODIES1 !IR '9T]M$IATION'40 

.<#c#e.> 0,! ,HOLY ,WAY01 ,TEUDA ,VE,YEUD1 PP4 #i#i1 #a#c4 

.<#c#f.> ,IBID41 P4 #aa 

.<#c#g.> ,IBID41 PP4 #a#a#a1 #a#a#c1 #a#a#e4 

.<#c#h.> ,SEE3 0,GU/AV ,L&AU] -- ,ON ,COMMUNAL ,SETTLEM5T & ,ITS ,9DU/RIALIZATION01 ,HAKIBBUTZ1 #b7#a#i#g#e71 PP4 #a#f#e-#a#g#e 7! FIR/ PUBLICATION ( ,L&AU]'S LETT] ) MY NOTES74 

.<#c#i.> ,BUB] CONSID]$ HIMSELF A RELIGI\S SOCIALI/1 SEE3 ,PA?S 9 ,UTOPIA1 ,TEL ,AVIV #a#i#d#g1 PP4 #a#c-#a#d1 & ALSO 0,DREI ,SATZE E9ES RELIGIOS5 ,SOZIALISMUS1 ,H9WEISE1 ,S4#b#e#i4 

.<#d.> 0,:AT 9 ,MOSES WAS P]SONALLY UNIT$ WAS R5T 9 TWO & ! SPLIT GOES ?R\< ! V]Y ORD] ( ! NATION SET UP BY HIM 444 AMONG ! /RONGE/ ELEM5TS ( HIS1 ,MOSES'1 WORK WAS ?AT 'RELIGION' & 'POLITICS' >E NOT TO BE SEP>AT$ 444 ,MOSES WANT$ UNDIVID$ HUMAN LIFE AS ! PROP] ANSW] TO DIV9E REVELATION2 BUT ! DIVISION1 IS ! HI/ORICAL PA? ( MAN10  ,MOSES1 P4 #a#h4 

.<#d#a.> ,PA?S 9 ,UTOPIA WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #aidg BY ,AM V$ ,PUBLI%+ ,H\SE ( ! ,WORK]'S ,TRADE ,UNION2 *APT]S ( IT APPE>$ 9 ,HEBREW P]IODICALS DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I4 ,BUB] ALSO LECTUR$ ON SUBJECTS DEALT ) 9 ! BOOK4 

.<#d#b.> 0,ON ! ,ESS5CE ( ,CULTURE0 FIR/ APPE>$ 9 ,MAHB>OT ,LE,SIFRUT1 #d7#a#i#d#c7 & WAS 9CLUD$ 9 ,PNEI ,ADAM1 ,J]USALEM #a#i#f#b1 PP4 #c#g#g-#c#i#c4 0,BETWE5 ,SOCIETY & ,/ATE0 FIR/ APPE>$ 9 ,MOLAD #b#g7#a#i#e7 ON ! #b#e? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! F\ND+ ( ! ,HEBREW ,UNIV]SITY4 ,! ESSAY WAS ISSU$ 9 ,5GLI% 93 ,WORLD ,REVIEW1 ,N4,S4#b#g1 #aiea ,I,V4 

.<#d#c.> ,PNEI ,ADAM1 P4 #d 70,SOCIETY & ,/ATE074 

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