,TRADE ,UNIONISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ,CORRESPOND5CE1 ,VOL4,I,I1 ,NO4#b1 ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#f2 
,SIGN$3 ,J4 ,H>P]2 
,$IT$ V]SION3 ,ROOT @& ,BRAN*1 ,NO4#f1 #a#i#g#h2 
,WRITT53 #a#i#c#f2 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,H,T,M,L ,M>KUP3,GREG ,AD>GO2 
,S\RCE3 ,KURASJE ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNI/ ,>*IVES4 

,H[ MU/ ! WORK+ CLASS FI<T CAPITALISM 9 ORD] TO W98 ,?IS 
IS ! ALL IMPORTANT QUE/ION FAC+ ! WORK]S EV]Y DAY4 ,:AT EFFICI5T MEANS 
( ACTION1 :AT TACTICS CAN !Y USE TO CONQU] P[] & DEFEAT ! 5EMY8 ,NO 
SCI5CE1 NO !ORY1 C\LD TELL !M EXACTLY :AT TO DO4 ,BUT SPONTANE\SLY & 
9/9CTIVELY1 BY FEEL+ \T1 BY S5S+ ! POSSIBILITIES1 !Y F\ND !IR 
WAYS ( ACTION4 ,& AS CAPITALISM GREW & CONQU]$ ! E>? & 9CREAS$ ITS 
P[]1 ! P[] ( ! WORK]S ALSO 9CREAS$4 ,NEW MODES ( ACTION1 WID] & 
MORE EFFICI5T1 CAME UP BESIDE ! OLD ONES4 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT ) *ANG+ 
CONDITIONS1 ! =MS ( ACTION1 ! TACTICS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE HAVE TO 
*ANGE ALSO4 ,TRADE UNIONISM IS ! PRIM>Y =M ( LABOR MOVEM5T 9 FIX$ 
CAPITALISM4 ,! ISOLAT$ WORK] IS P[]LESS AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/IC EMPLOY]4 
,TO OV]COME ?IS H&ICAP1 ! WORK]S ORGANIZE 9TO UNIONS4 ,! UNION B9DS ! 
WORK]S TOGE!R 9TO COMMON ACTION1 ) ! /RIKE AS !IR WEAPON4 ,!N ! 
BALANCE ( P[] IS RELATIVELY EQUAL1 OR IS SOMETIMES EV5 HEAVIE/ ON ! SIDE 
( ! WORK]S1 SO ?AT ! ISOLAT$ SMALL EMPLOY] IS WEAK AGA9/ ! MI<TY 
UNION4 ,H5CE 9 DEVELOP$ CAPITALISM TRADE UNIONS & EMPLOY]S' UNIONS 
7,ASSOCIATIONS1 ,TRU/S1 ,CORPORATIONS1 ETC471 /& AS FI<T+ P[]S AGA9/ 
EA* O!R4 

,TRADE UNIONISM FIR/ >OSE 9 ,5GL&1 :]E 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM FIR/ 
DEVELOP$4 ,AFT]W>DS IT SPREAD TO O!R C\NTRIES1 AS A NATURAL COMPANION ( 
CAPITALI/ 9DU/RY4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES !RE W]E V]Y SPECIAL CONDITIONS4 ,9 
! BEG9N+1 ! ABUNDANCE ( FREE UNOCCUPI$ L&1 OP5 TO SETTL]S1 MADE = 
A %ORTAGE ( WORK]S 9 ! T[NS & RELATIVELY HI< WAGES & GOOD 
CONDITIONS4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR BECAME A P[] 9 ! C\NTRY1 & 
G5]ALLY WAS ABLE TO UPHOLD A RELATIVELY HI< /&>D ( LIV+ = ! 
WORK]S :O W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 ITS UNIONS4 

,IT IS CLE> ?AT UND] SU* CONDITIONS ! IDEA ( OV]?R[+ CAPITALISM 
C\LD NOT = A MOM5T >ISE 9 ! M9DS ( ! WORK]S4 ,CAPITALISM (F]$ 
!M A SUFFICI5T & FAIRLY SECURE LIV+4 ,!Y DID NOT FEEL !MSELVES A 
SEP>ATE CLASS :OSE 9T]E/S W]E HO/ILE TO ! EXI/+ ORD]2 !Y W]E 
P>T ( IT2 !Y W]E CONSCI\S ( P>TAK+ 9 ALL ! POSSIBILITIES ( AN 
ASC5D+ CAPITALISM 9 A NEW CONT95T4 ,!RE WAS ROOM = MILLIONS ( PEOPLE1 
COM+ MO/LY FROM ,EUROPE4 ,= !SE 9CREAS+ MILLIONS ( F>M]S1 A RAPIDLY 
9CREAS+ 9DU/RY WAS NECESS>Y1 :]E1 ) 5]GY & GOOD LUCK1 WORKM5 
C\LD RISE TO BECOME FREE >TISANS1 SMALL BUS9ESS M51 EV5 RI* CAPITALI/S4 
,IT IS NATURAL ?AT H]E A TRUE CAPITALI/ SPIRIT PREVAIL$ 9 ! WORK+ 
CLASS4 

,! SAME WAS ! CASE 9 ,5GL&4 ,H]E IT WAS DUE TO ,5GL&'S MONOPOLY ( 
WORLD COMM]CE & BIG 9DU/RY1 TO ! LACK ( COMPETITORS ON ! =EIGN 
M>KETS1 & TO ! POSSESSION ( RI* COLONIES1 :I* BR\<T 5ORM\S WEAL? 
TO ,5GL&4 ,! CAPITALI/ CLASS HAD NO NE$ TO FI<T = ITS PR(ITS & C\LD 
ALL[ ! WORK]S A REASONABLE LIV+4 ,( C\RSE1 AT FIR/1 FI<T+ WAS 
NECESS>Y TO URGE ?IS TRU? UPON !M2 BUT !N !Y C\LD ALL[ UNIONS & 
GRANT WAGES 9 EX*ANGE = 9DU/RIAL PEACE4 ,SO H]E ALSO ! WORK+ CLASS WAS 
IMBU$ ) ! CAPITALI/ SPIRIT4 

,N[ ?IS IS 5TIRELY 9 H>MONY ) ! 9N]MO/ *>ACT] ( TRADE 
UNIONISM4 ,TRADE UNIONISM IS AN ACTION ( ! WORK]S1 :I* DOES NOT GO BEYOND 
! LIMIT ( CAPITALISM4 ,ITS AIM IS NOT TO REPLACE CAPITALISM BY ANO!R =M ( 
PRODUCTION1 BUT TO SECURE GOOD LIV+ CONDITIONS )9 CAPITALISM4 ,ITS 
*>ACT] IS NOT REVOLUTION>Y1 BUT CONS]VATIVE4 

,C]TA9LY1 TRADE UNION ACTION IS CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,!RE IS A CLASS ANTAGONISM 
9 CAPITALISM -- CAPITALI/S & WORK]S HAVE OPPOS+ 9T]E/S4 ,NOT ONLY ON 
! QUE/ION ( CONS]VATION ( CAPITALISM1 BUT ALSO )9 CAPITALISM ITSELF1 
) REG>D TO ! DIVISION ( ! TOTAL PRODUCT4 ,! CAPITALI/S ATTEMPT TO 
9CREASE !IR PR(ITS1 ! SURPLUS VALUE1 AS MU* AS POSSIBLE1 BY CUTT+ D[N 
WAGES & 9CREAS+ ! H\RS OR ! 9T5SITY ( LABOR4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 
! WORK]S ATTEMPT TO 9CREASE !IR WAGES & TO %ORT5 !IR H\RS ( 
WORK4 

,! PRICE ( LABOR P[] IS NOT A FIX$ QUANTITY1 ?\< IT MU/ EXCE$ A 
C]TA9 HUNG] M9IMUM2 & IT IS NOT PAID BY ! CAPITALI/S ( !IR [N FREE 
WILL4 ,?US ?IS ANTAGONISM BECOMES ! OBJECT ( A CONTE/1 ! REAL CLASS 
/RUGGLE4 ,IT IS ! TASK1 ! FUNCTION ( ! TRADE UNIONS TO C>RY ON ?IS 
FI<T4 

,TRADE UNIONISM WAS ! FIR/ TRA9+ S*OOL 9 PROLET>IAN VIRTUE1 9 
SOLID>ITY AS ! SPIRIT ( ORGANIZ$ FI<T+4 ,IT EMBODI$ ! FIR/ =M ( 
PROLET>IAN ORGANIZ$ P[]4 ,9 ! E>LY ,5GLI% & ,AM]ICAN TRADE UNIONS ?IS 
VIRTUE (T5 PETRIFI$ & DEG5]AT$ 9TO A N>R[ CRAFT-CORPORATION1 A TRUE 
CAPITALI/IC /ATE ( M9D4 ,IT WAS DIFF]5T1 H[EV]1 :]E ! WORK]S HAD TO 
FI<T = !IR V]Y EXI/5CE1 :]E ! UTMO/ EF=TS ( !IR UNIONS C\LD 
H>DLY UPHOLD !IR /&>D ( LIV+1 :]E ! FULL =CE ( AN 5]GETIC1 
FI<T+1 & EXP&+ CAPITALISM ATTACK$ !M4 ,!RE !Y HAD TO LE>N ! 
WISDOM ?AT ONLY ! REVOLUTION C\LD DEF9ITELY SAVE !M4 

,SO !RE COMES A DISP>ITY BETWE5 ! WORK+ CLASS & TRADE UNIONISM4 ,! 
WORK+ CLASS HAS TO LOOK BEYOND CAPITALISM4 ,TRADE UNIONISM LIVES 5TIRELY 
)9 CAPITALISM & CANNOT LOOK BEYOND IT4 ,TRADE UNIONISM CAN ONLY REPRES5T A 
P>T1 A NECESS>Y BUT N>R[ P>T1 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,& IT DEVELOPS 
ASPECTS :I* BR+ IT 9TO CONFLICT ) ! GREAT] AIMS ( ! WORK+ 
CLASS4 

,) ! GR[? ( CAPITALISM & BIG 9DU/RY ! UNIONS TOO MU/ GR[4 ,!Y 
BECOME BIG CORPORATIONS ) ?\S&S ( MEMB]S1 EXT5D+ OV] ! :OLE 
C\NTRY1 ) SECTIONS 9 EV]Y T[N & EV]Y FACTORY4 ,(FICIALS MU/ BE 
APPO9T$3 PRESID5TS1 SECRET>IES1 TREASUR]S1 TO CONDUCT ! AFFAIRS1 TO 
MANAGE ! F9ANCES1 LOCALLY & C5TRALLY4 ,!Y >E ! LEAD]S1 :O NEGOTIATE 
) ! CAPITALI/S & :O BY ?IS PRACTICE HAVE ACQUIR$ A SPECIAL SKILL4 ,! 
PRESID5T ( A UNION IS A BIG %OT1 AS BIG AS ! CAPITALI/ EMPLOY] HIMSELF1 
& HE DISCUSSES ) HIM1 ON EQUAL T]MS1 ! 9T]E/S ( HIS MEMB]S4 ,! 
(FICIALS >E SPECIALI/S 9 TRADE UNION WORK1 :I* ! MEMB]S1 5TIRELY 
OCCUPI$ BY !IR FACTORY WORK1 CANNOT JUDGE OR DIRECT !MSELVES4 

,SO L>GE A CORPORATION AS A UNION IS NOT SIMPLY AN ASSEMBLY ( S+LE 
WORK]S2 IT BECOMES AN ORGANIZ$ BODY1 LIKE A LIV+ ORGANISM1 ) ITS [N 
POLICY1 ITS [N *>ACT]1 ITS [N M5TALITY1 ITS [N TRADITIONS1 ITS [N 
FUNCTIONS4 ,IT IS A BODY ) ITS [N 9T]E/S1 :I* >E SEP>ATE FROM ! 
9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,IT HAS A WILL TO LIVE & TO FI<T = ITS 
EXI/5CE4 ,IF IT %\LD COME TO PASS ?AT UNIONS W]E NO LONG] NECESS>Y = 
! WORK]S1 !N !Y W\LD NOT SIMPLY DISAPPE>4 ,!IR FUNDS1 !IR MEMB]S1 
& !IR (FICIALS3 ALL ( !SE >E REALITIES ?AT WILL NOT DISAPPE> AT ONCE1 
BUT CONT9UE !IR EXI/5CE AS ELEM5TS ( ! ORGANIZATION4 

,! UNION (FICIALS1 ! LABOR LEAD]S1 >E ! BE>]S ( ! SPECIAL UNION 
9T]E/S4 ,ORIG9ALLY WORKM5 FROM ! %OP1 !Y ACQUIRE1 BY LONG PRACTICE AT 
! HEAD ( ! ORGANIZATION1 A NEW SOCIAL *>ACT]4 ,9 EA* SOCIAL GR\P1 ONCE 
IT IS BIG 5\< TO =M A SPECIAL GR\P1 ! NATURE ( ITS WORK MOLDS & 
DET]M9ES ITS SOCIAL *>ACT]1 ITS MODE ( ?9K+ & ACT+4 ,! (FICIALS' 
FUNCTION IS 5TIRELY DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ! WORK]S4 ,!Y DO NOT WORK 9 
FACTORIES1 !Y >E NOT EXPLOIT$ BY CAPITALI/S1 !IR EXI/5CE IS NOT 
?REAT5$ CONT9UALLY BY UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,!Y SIT 9 (FICES1 9 FAIRLY SECURE 
POSITIONS4 ,!Y HAVE TO MANAGE CORPORATION AFFAIRS & TO SPEAK AT WORK]S 
MEET+S & DISCUSS ) EMPLOY]S4 ,( C\RSE1 !Y HAVE TO /& = ! 
WORK]S1 & TO DEF5D !IR 9T]E/S & WI%ES AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/S4 ,?IS 
IS1 H[EV]1 NOT V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ! POSITION ( ! LAWY] :O1 APPO9T$ 
SECRET>Y ( AN ORGANIZATION1 WILL /& = ITS MEMB]S & DEF5D !IR 
9T]E/S TO ! FULL ( HIS CAPACITY4 

,H[EV]1 !RE IS A DIFF]5CE4 ,BECAUSE MANY ( ! LABOR LEAD]S CAME FROM 
! RANKS ( WORK]S1 !Y HAVE EXP]I5C$ = !MSELVES :AT WAGE SLAV]Y & 
EXPLOITATION MEANS4 ,!Y FEEL AS MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ! 
PROLET>IAN SPIRIT (T5 ACTS AS A /RONG TRADITION 9 !M4 ,BUT ! NEW REALITY 
( !IR LIFE CONT9UALLY T5DS TO WEAK5 ?IS TRADITION4 ,ECONOMICALLY !Y >E 
NOT PROLET>IANS ANY MORE4 ,!Y SIT 9 CONF]5CES ) ! CAPITALI/S1 
B>GA9+ OV] WAGES & H\RS1 PITT+ 9T]E/S AGA9/ 9T]E/S1 JU/ AS 
! OPPOS+ 9T]E/S ( ! CAPITALI/ CORPORATIONS >E WEI<$ ONE AGA9/ 
ANO!R4 ,!Y LE>N TO UND]/& ! CAPITALI/'S POSITION JU/ AS WELL AS ! 
WORK]'S POSITION2 !Y HAVE AN EYE = 0! NE$S ( 9DU/RY02 !Y TRY TO 
M$IATE4 ,P]SONAL EXCEPTIONS OCCUR1 ( C\RSE1 BUT AS A RULE !Y CANNOT HAVE 
?AT ELEM5T>Y CLASS FEEL+ ( ! WORK]S1 :O DO NOT UND]/& & WEI< 
CAPITALI/ 9T]E/S AGA9/ !IR [N1 BUT WILL FI<T = !IR PROP] 
9T]E/S4 ,?US !Y GET 9TO CONFLICT ) ! WORK]S4 

,! LABOR LEAD]S 9 ADVANC$ CAPITALISM >E NUM]\S 5\< TO =M A 
SPECIAL GR\P OR CLASS ) A SPECIAL CLASS *>ACT] & 9T]E/S4 ,AS 
REPRES5TATIVES & LEAD]S ( ! UNIONS !Y EMBODY ! *>ACT] & ! 
9T]E/S ( ! UNIONS4 ,! UNIONS >E NECESS>Y ELEM5TS ( CAPITALISM1 SO ! 
LEAD]S FEEL NECESS>Y TOO1 AS USEFUL CITIZ5S 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,! 
CAPITALI/ FUNCTION ( UNIONS IS TO REGULATE CLASS CONFLICTS & TO SECURE 
9DU/RIAL PEACE4 ,SO LABOR LEAD]S SEE IT AS !IR DUTY AS CITIZ5S TO WORK = 
9DU/RIAL PEACE & M$IATE 9 CONFLICTS4 ,! TE/ ( ! UNION LIES 5TIRELY 
)9 CAPITALISM2 SO LABOR LEAD]S DO NOT LOOK BEYOND IT4 ,! 9/9CT ( 
SELF-PRES]VATION1 ! WILL ( ! UNIONS TO LIVE & TO FI<T = EXI/5CE1 IS 
EMBODI$ 9 ! WILL ( ! LABOR LEAD]S TO FI<T = ! EXI/5CE ( ! 
UNIONS4 ,!IR [N EXI/5CE IS 9DISSOLUBLY CONNECT$ ) ! EXI/5CE ( ! 
UNIONS4 ,?IS IS NOT MEANT 9 A PETTY S5SE1 ?AT !Y ONLY ?9K ( !IR 
P]SONAL JOBS :5 FI<T+ = ! UNIONS4 ,IT MEANS ?AT PRIM>Y NECESSITIES ( 
LIFE & SOCIAL FUNCTIONS DET]M9E OP9IONS4 ,!IR :OLE LIFE IS CONC5TRAT$ 
9 ! UNIONS1 ONLY H]E HAVE !Y A TASK4 ,SO ! MO/ NECESS>Y ORGAN ( 
SOCIETY1 ! ONLY S\RCE ( SECURITY & P[] IS TO !M ! UNIONS2 H5CE !Y 
MU/ BE PRES]V$ & DEF5D$ BY ALL POSSIBLE MEANS1 EV5 :5 ! REALITIES ( 
CAPITALI/ SOCIETY UND]M9E ?IS POSITION4 ,?IS HAPP5S :5 CAPITALISM'S 
EXPANSION CLASS CONFLICTS BECOME %>P]4 

,! CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL 9 P[]FUL CONC]NS & !IR CONNECTION ) 
BIG F9ANCE R5D]S ! POSITION ( ! CAPITALI/ EMPLOY]S MU* /RONG] ?AN 
! WORK]S'4 ,P[]FUL 9DU/RIAL MAGNATES REIGN AS MON>*S OV] L>GE MASSES 
( WORK]S2 !Y KEEP !M 9 ABSOLUTE SUBJECTION & DO NOT ALL[ 0!IR0 M5 
TO GO 9TO UNIONS4 ,N[ & !N ! HEAVILY EXPLOIT$ WAGE SLAVES BREAK \T 9 
REVOLT1 9 A BIG /RIKE4 ,!Y HOPE TO 5=CE BETT] T]MS1 %ORT] H\RS1 MORE 
HUMANE CONDITIONS1 ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE4 ,UNION ORGANIZ]S COME TO AID !M4 ,BUT 
!N ! CAPITALI/ MA/]S USE !IR SOCIAL & POLITICAL P[]4 ,! /RIK]S 
>E DRIV5 FROM !IR HOMES2 !Y >E %OT BY MILITIA OR HIR$ ?UGS2 !IR 
SPOKESM5 >E RAILROAD$ 9TO JAIL2 !IR RELIEF ACTIONS >E PROHIBIT$ BY C\RT 
9JUNCTIONS4 ,! CAPITALI/ PRESS D5\NCES !IR CAUSE AS DISORD]1 MURD] & 
REVOLUTION2 PUBLIC OP9ION IS >\S$ AGA9/ !M4 ,!N1 AFT] MON?S ( 
/&+ FIRM & ( H]OIC SUFF]+1 EXHAU/$ BY MIS]Y & DISAPPO9TM5T1 
UNABLE TO MAKE A D5T ON ! IRONCLAD CAPITALI/ /RUCTURE1 !Y HAVE TO SUBMIT 
& TO PO/PONE !IR CLAIMS TO MORE OPPORTUNE TIMES4 

,9 ! TRADES :]E UNIONS EXI/ AS MI<TY ORGANIZATIONS1 !IR POSITION IS 
WEAK5$ BY ?IS SAME CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL4 ,! L>GE FUNDS !Y HAD 
COLLECT$ = /RIKE SUPPORT >E 9SIGNIFICANT 9 COMP>ISON TO ! MONEY P[] 
( !IR ADV]S>IES4 ,A C\PLE ( LOCK-\TS MAY COMPLETELY DRA9 !M4 ,NO MATT] 
H[ H>D ! CAPITALI/ EMPLOY] PRESSES UPON ! WORK] BY CUTT+ WAGES & 
9T5SIFY+ !IR H\RS ( LABOR1 ! UNION CANNOT WAGE A FI<T4 ,:5 
CONTRACTS HAVE TO BE R5EW$1 ! UNION FEELS ITSELF ! WEAK] P>TY4 ,IT HAS TO 
ACCEPT ! BAD T]MS ! CAPITALI/S (F]2 NO SKILL 9 B>GA9+ AVAILS4 ,BUT 
N[ ! TR\BLE ) ! RANK & FILE MEMB]S BEG9S4 ,! M5 WANT TO FI<T2 
!Y WILL NOT SUBMIT BE=E !Y HAVE F\<T2 & !Y HAVE NOT MU* TO LOSE BY 
FI<T+4 ,! LEAD]S1 H[EV]1 HAVE MU* TO LOSE -- ! F9ANCIAL P[] ( ! 
UNION1 P]HAPS ITS EXI/5CE4 ,!Y TRY TO AVOID ! FI<T1 :I* !Y CONSID] 
HOPELESS4 ,!Y HAVE TO CONV9CE ! M5 ?AT IT IS BETT] TO COME TO T]MS4 ,SO1 
9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 !Y MU/ ACT AS SPOKESM5 ( ! EMPLOY]S TO =CE ! 
CAPITALI/S' T]MS UPON ! WORK]S4 ,IT IS EV5 WORSE :5 ! WORK]S 9SI/ ON 
FI<T+ 9 OPPOSITION TO ! DECISION ( ! UNIONS4 ,!N ! UNION'S P[] 
MU/ BE US$ AS A WEAPON TO SUBDUE ! WORK]S4 

,SO ! LABOR LEAD] HAS BECOME ! SLAVE ( HIS CAPITALI/IC TASK ( 
SECUR+ 9DU/RIAL PEACE -- N[ AT ! CO/ ( ! WORK]S1 ?\< HE MEANT TO 
S]VE !M AS BE/ HE C\LD4 ,HE CANNOT LOOK BEYOND CAPITALISM1 & )9 ! 
HORIZON ( CAPITALISM ) A CAPITALI/ \TLOOK1 HE IS RI<T :5 HE ?9KS ?AT 
FI<T+ IS ( NO USE4 ,TO CRITICIZE HIM CAN ONLY MEAN ?AT TRADE UNIONISM /&S 
H]E AT ! LIMIT ( ITS P[]4 

,IS !RE ANO!R WAY \T !N8 ,C\LD ! WORK]S W9 ANY?+ BY FI<T+8 
,PROBABLY !Y WILL LOSE ! IMM$IATE ISSUE ( ! FI<T2 BUT !Y WILL GA9 
SOME?+ ELSE4 ,BY NOT SUBMITT+ )\T HAV+ F\<T1 !Y R\SE ! SPIRIT 
( REVOLT AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,!Y PROCLAIM A NEW ISSUE4 ,BUT H]E ! :OLE 
WORK+ CLASS MU/ JO9 94 ,TO ! :OLE CLASS1 TO ALL !IR FELL[ WORK]S1 
!Y MU/ %[ ?AT 9 CAPITALISM !RE IS NO FUTURE = !M1 & ?AT ONLY BY 
FI<T+1 NOT AS A TRADE UNION1 BUT AS A UNIT$ CLASS1 !Y CAN W94 ,?IS MEANS 
! BEG9N+ ( A REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,& :5 !IR FELL[ WORK]S 
UND]/& ?IS LESSON1 :5 SIMULTANE\S /RIKES BREAK \T 9 O!R TRADES1 
:5 A WAVE ( REBELLION GOES OV] ! C\NTRY1 !N 9 ! >ROGANT HE>TS ( 
! CAPITALI/S !RE MAY APPE> SOME D\BT AS TO !IR OMNIPOT5CE & SOME 
WILL+NESS TO MAKE CONCESSIONS4 

,! TRADE UNION LEAD] DOES NOT UND]/& ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 BECAUSE TRADE 
UNIONISM CANNOT REA* BEYOND CAPITALISM4 ,HE OPPOSES ?IS K9D ( FI<T4 ,FI<T+ 
CAPITALISM 9 ?IS WAY MEANS AT ! SAME TIME REBELLION AGA9/ ! TRADE 
UNIONS4 ,! LABOR LEAD] /&S BESIDE ! CAPITALI/ 9 !IR COMMON FE> ( 
! WORK]S' REBELLION4 

,:5 ! TRADE UNIONS F\<T AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS = BETT] WORK+ 
CONDITIONS1 ! CAPITALI/ CLASS HAT$ !M1 BUT IT HAD NOT ! P[] TO DE/ROY 
!M COMPLETELY4 ,IF ! TRADE UNIONS W\LD TRY TO RAISE ALL ! =CES ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS 9 !IR FI<T1 ! CAPITALI/ CLASS W\LD P]SECUTE !M ) ALL 
ITS MEANS4 ,!Y MAY SEE !IR ACTIONS REPRESS$ AS REBELLION1 !IR (FICES 
DE/ROY$ BY MILITIA1 !IR LEAD]S ?R[N 9 JAIL & F9$1 !IR FUNDS 
CONFISCAT$4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF !Y KEEP !IR MEMB]S FROM FI<T+1 ! 
CAPITALI/ CLASS MAY CONSID] !M AS VALUABLE 9/ITUTIONS1 TO BE PRES]V$ & 
PROTECT$1 & !IR LEAD]S AS DES]V+ CITIZ5S4 ,SO ! TRADE UNIONS F9D 
!MSELVES BETWE5 ! DEVIL & ! DEEP BLUE SEA2 ON ! ONE SIDE P]SECUTION1 
:I* IS A T\< ?+ TO BE> = PEOPLE :O MEANT TO BE PEACEFUL CITIZ5S2 ON 
! O!R SIDE1 ! REBELLION ( ! MEMB]S1 :I* MAY UND]M9E ! UNIONS4 
,! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 IF IT IS WISE1 WILL RECOGNIZE ?AT A BIT ( %AM FI<T+ 
MU/ BE ALL[$ TO UPHOLD ! 9FLU5CE ( ! LABOR LEAD]S OV] ! 
MEMB]S4 

,! CONFLICTS >IS+ H]E >E NOT ANYONE'S FAULT2 !Y >E AN 9EVITABLE 
CONSEQU5CE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,CAPITALISM EXI/S1 BUT IT IS AT ! SAME 
TIME ON ! WAY TO RU94 ,IT MU/ BE F\<T AS A LIV+ ?+1 & AT ! SAME 
TIME1 AS A TRANSITORY ?+4 ,! WORK]S MU/ WAGE A /EADY FI<T = WAGES & 
WORK+ CONDITIONS1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME COMMUNI/IC IDEAS1 MORE OR LESS CLE> 
& CONSCI\S1 AWAK5 9 !IR M9DS4 ,!Y CL+ TO ! UNIONS1 FEEL+ ?AT 
!SE >E /ILL NECESS>Y1 TRY+ N[ & !N TO TRANS=M !M 9TO BETT] 
FI<T+ 9/ITUTIONS4 ,BUT ! SPIRIT ( TRADE UNIONISM1 :I* IS 9 ITS PURE 
=M A CAPITALI/ SPIRIT1 IS NOT 9 ! WORK]S4 ,! DIV]G5CE BETWE5 !SE 
TWO T5D5CIES 9 CAPITALISM & 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE APPE>S N[ AS A RIFT 
BETWE5 ! TRADE UNION SPIRIT1 MA9LY EMBODI$ 9 !IR LEAD]S1 & ! 
GR[+ REVOLUTION>Y FEEL+ ( ! MEMB]S4 ,?IS RIFT BECOMES APP>5T 9 ! 
OPPOSITE POSITIONS !Y TAKE ON V>I\S IMPORTANT SOCIAL & POLITICAL 
QUE/IONS4 

,TRADE UNIONISM IS B\ND TO CAPITALISM2 IT HAS ITS BE/ *ANCES TO OBTA9 GOOD 
WAGES :5 CAPITALISM FL\RI%ES4 ,SO 9 TIMES ( DEPRESSION IT MU/ HOPE ?AT 
PROSP]ITY WILL BE RE/OR$1 & IT MU/ TRY TO FUR!R IT4 ,TO ! WORK]S AS A 
CLASS1 ! PROSP]ITY ( CAPITALISM IS NOT AT ALL IMPORTANT4 ,:5 IT IS WEAK5$ 
BY CRISIS OR DEPRESSION1 !Y HAVE ! BE/ *ANCE TO ATTACK IT1 TO /R5G!N 
! =CES ( ! REVOLUTION1 & TO TAKE ! FIR/ /EPS T[>DS FRE$OM4 

,CAPITALISM EXT5DS ITS DOM9ION OV] =EIGN CONT95TS1 SEIZ+ !IR 
NATURAL TREASURES 9 ORD] TO MAKE BIG PR(ITS4 ,IT CONQU]S COLONIES1 SUBJUGATES 
! PRIMITIVE POPULATION & EXPLOITS !M1 (T5 ) HORRIBLE CRUELTIES4 ,! 
WORK+ CLASS D5\NCES COLONIAL EXPLOITATION & OPPOSES IT1 BUT TRADE UNIONISM 
(T5 SUPPORTS COLONIAL POLITICS AS A WAY TO CAPITALI/ PROSP]ITY4 

,) ! 5ORM\S 9CREASES ( CAPITAL 9 MOD]N TIMES1 COLONIES & =EIGN 
C\NTRIES >E BE+ US$ AS PLACES 9 :I* TO 9VE/ L>GE SUMS ( CAPITAL4 
,!Y BECOME VALUABLE POSSESSIONS AS M>KETS = BIG 9DU/RY & AS PRODUC]S ( 
RAW MAT]IALS4 ,A RACE = GETT+ COLONIES1 A FI]CE CONFLICT ( 9T]E/S OV] 
! DIVID+ UP ( ! WORLD >ISES BETWE5 ! GREAT CAPITALI/ /ATES4 ,9 
!SE POLITICS ( IMP]IALISM ! MIDDLE CLASSES >E :IRL$ ALONG 9 A COMMON 
EXALTATION ( NATIONAL GREATNESS4 ,!N ! TRADE UNIONS SIDE ) ! MA/] 
CLASS1 BECAUSE !Y CONSID] ! PROSP]ITY ( !IR [N NATIONAL CAPITALISM TO 
BE DEP5D5T ON ITS SUCCESS 9 ! IMP]IALI/ /RUGGLE4 ,= ! WORK+ CLASS1 
IMP]IALISM MEANS 9CREAS+ P[] & BRUTALITY ( !IR EXPLOIT]S4 

,!SE CONFLICTS ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 ! NATIONAL CAPITALISMS EXPLODE 9TO 
W>S4 ,WORLD W> IS ! CR[N+ ( ! POLICY ( IMP]IALISM4 ,= ! WORK]S1 
W> IS NOT ONLY ! DE/RUCTION ( ALL !IR FEEL+S ( 9T]NATIONAL 
BRO!RHOOD1 IT ALSO MEANS ! MO/ VIOL5T EXPLOITATION ( !IR CLASS = 
CAPITALI/ PR(IT4 ,! WORK+ CLASS1 AS ! MO/ NUM]\S & ! MO/ 
OPPRESS$ CLASS ( SOCIETY1 HAS TO BE> ALL ! HORRORS ( W>4 ,! WORK]S HAVE 
TO GIVE NOT ONLY !IR LABOR P[]1 BUT ALSO !IR HEAL? & !IR LIVES4 

,TRADE UNIONS1 H[EV]1 9 W> MU/ /& UPON ! SIDE ( ! CAPITALI/4 ,ITS 
9T]E/S >E B\ND UP ) NATIONAL CAPITALISM1 ! VICTORY ( :I* IT MU/ 
WI% ) ALL ITS HE>T4 ,H5CE IT ASSI/S 9 >\S+ /RONG NATIONAL FEEL+S 
& NATIONAL HATR$4 ,IT HELPS ! CAPITALI/ CLASS TO DRIVE ! WORK]S 9TO W> 
& TO BEAT D[N ALL OPPOSITION4 

,TRADE UNIONISM ABHORS COMMUNISM4 ,COMMUNISM TAKES AWAY ! V]Y BASIS ( ITS 
EXI/5CE4 ,9 COMMUNISM1 9 ! ABS5CE ( CAPITALI/ EMPLOY]S1 !RE IS NO 
ROOM = ! TRADE UNION & LABOR LEAD]S4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT 9 C\NTRIES ) A 
/RONG SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 :]E ! BULK ( ! WORK]S >E SOCIALI/S1 ! 
LABOR LEAD]S MU/ BE SOCIALI/S TOO1 BY ORIG9 AS WELL AS BY 5VIRONM5T4 ,BUT 
!N !Y >E RI<T-W+ SOCIALI/S2 & !IR SOCIALISM IS RE/RICT$ TO ! 
IDEA ( A COMMONWEAL? :]E 9/EAD ( GRE$Y CAPITALI/S HONE/ LABOR LEAD]S 
WILL MANAGE 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION4 

,TRADE UNIONISM HATES REVOLUTION4 ,REVOLUTION UPSETS ALL ! ORD9>Y RELATIONS 
BETWE5 CAPITALI/S & WORK]S4 ,9 ITS VIOL5T CLA%+S1 ALL ?OSE C>EFUL 
T>IFF REGULATIONS >E SWEPT AWAY2 9 ! /RIFE ( ITS GIGANTIC =CES ! 
MODE/ SKILL ( ! B>GA9+ LABOR LEAD]S LOSES ITS VALUE4 ,) ALL ITS 
P[]1 TRADE UNIONISM OPPOSES ! IDEAS ( REVOLUTION & COMMUNISM4 

,?IS OPPOSITION IS NOT )\T SIGNIFICANCE4 ,TRADE UNIONISM IS A P[] 9 
ITSELF4 ,IT HAS CONSID]ABLE FUNDS AT ITS DISPOSAL1 AS MAT]IAL ELEM5T ( P[]4 
,IT HAS ITS SPIRITUAL 9FLU5CE1 UPHELD & PROPAGAT$ BY ITS P]IODICAL PAP]S 
AS M5TAL ELEM5T ( P[]4 ,IT IS A P[] 9 ! H&S ( LEAD]S1 :O MAKE USE 
( IT :]EV] ! SPECIAL 9T]E/S ( TRADE UNIONS COME 9TO CONFLICT ) ! 
REVOLUTION>Y 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,TRADE UNIONISM1 ?\< BUILT UP BY 
! WORK]S & CONSI/+ ( WORK]S1 HAS TURN$ 9TO A P[] OV] & ABOVE 
! WORK]S1 JU/ AS GOV]NM5T IS A P[] OV] & ABOVE ! PEOPLE4 

,! =MS ( TRADE UNIONISM >E DIFF]5T = DIFF]5T C\NTRIES1 [+ TO 
! DIFF]5T =MS ( DEVELOPM5T 9 CAPITALISM4 ,NOR DO !Y ALWAYS REMA9 ! 
SAME 9 EV]Y C\NTRY4 ,:5 !Y SEEM TO BE SL[LY DY+ AWAY1 ! FI<T+ 
SPIRIT ( ! WORK]S IS SOMETIMES ABLE TO TRANS=M !M1 OR TO BUILD UP NEW 
TYPES ( UNIONISM4 ,?US 9 ,5GL&1 9 ! YE>S #a#h#h-#i1 ! 0NEW UNIONISM0 
SPRANG UP FROM ! MASSES ( POOR DOCK]S & ! O!R BADLY PAID1 UNSKILL$ 
WORK]S1 BR++ A NEW SPIRIT 9TO ! OLD CRAFT UNIONS4 ,IT IS A CONSEQU5CE ( 
CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 ?AT 9 F\ND+ NEW 9DU/RIES & 9 REPLAC+ SKILL$ 
LABOR BY MA*9E P[]1 IT ACCUMULATES L>GE BODIES ( UNSKILL$ WORK]S1 
LIV+ 9 ! WOR/ ( CONDITIONS4 ,=C$ AT LA/ 9TO A WAVE ( REBELLION1 9TO 
BIG /RIKES1 !Y F9D ! WAY TO UNITY & CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,!Y MOLD 
UNIONISM 9TO A NEW =M1 ADAPT$ TO A MORE HI<LY DEVELOP$ CAPITALISM4 ,( 
C\RSE1 :5 AFT]W>DS CAPITALISM GR[S TO /ILL MI<TI] =MS1 ! NEW 
UNIONISM CANNOT ESCAPE ! FATE ( ALL UNIONISM1 & !N IT PRODUCES ! SAME 
9N] CONTRADICTIONS4 

,! MO/ NOTABLE =M SPRANG UP 9 ,AM]ICA1 9 ! 0,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! 
,WORLD40 ,! ,I4,W4,W4 ORIG9AT$ FROM TWO =MS ( CAPITALI/ EXPANSION4 ,9 ! 
5ORM\S =E/S & PLA9S ( ! ,WE/1 CAPITALISM REAP$ ! NATURAL RI*ES BY 
,WILD ,WE/ ME?ODS ( FI]CE & BRUTAL EXPLOITATION2 & ! WORK]-ADV5TUR]S 
RESPOND$ ) AS WILD & JEAL\S A DEF5SE4 ,& 9 ! EA/]N /ATES NEW 
9DU/RIES W]E F\ND$ UPON ! EXPLOITATION ( MILLIONS ( POOR IMMIGRANTS1 
COM+ FROM C\NTRIES ) A L[ /&>D ( LIV+ & N[ SUBJECT$ TO 
SWEAT%OP LABOR OR O!R MO/ MIS]ABLE WORK+ CONDITIONS 4 

,AGA9/ ! N>R[ CRAFT SPIRIT ( ! OLD UNIONISM1 ( ! ,A4,F4 ( ,L41 :I* 
DIVID$ ! WORK]S ( ONE 9DU/RIAL PLANT 9TO A NUMB] ( SEP>ATE UNIONS1 
! ,I4,W4,W4 PUT ! PR9CIPLE3 ALL WORK]S ( ONE FACTORY1 AS COMRADES AGA9/ 
ONE MA/]1 MU/ =M ONE UNION1 TO ACT AS A /RONG UNITY AGA9/ ! EMPLOY]4 
,AGA9/ ! MULTITUDE ( (T5 JEAL\S & BICK]+ TRADE UNIONS1 ! ,I4,W4,W4 
RAIS$ ! SLOGAN3 ONE BIG UNION = ALL ! WORK]S4 ,! FI<T ( ONE GR\P IS 
! CAUSE ( ALL4 ,SOLID>ITY EXT5DS OV] ! 5TIRE CLASS4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! 
HAU<TY DISDA9 ( ! WELL-PAID OLD ,AM]ICAN SKILL$ LABOR T[>DS ! 
UNORGANIZ$ IMMIGRANTS1 IT WAS !SE WOR/-PAID PROLET>IANS ?AT ! ,I4,W4,W4 L$ 
9TO ! FI<T4 ,!Y W]E TOO POOR TO PAY HI< FEES & BUILD UP ORD9>Y TRADE 
UNIONS4 ,BUT :5 !Y BROKE \T & REVOLT$ 9 BIG /RIKES1 IT WAS ! ,I4,W4,W4 
:O TAU<T !M H[ TO FI<T1 :O RAIS$ RELIEF FUNDS ALL OV] ! C\NTRY1 & 
:O DEF5D$ !IR CAUSE 9 ITS PAP]S & BE=E ! C\RTS4 ,BY A GLORI\S 
S]IES ( BIG BATTLES IT 9FUS$ ! SPIRIT ( ORGANIZATION & SELF-RELIANCE 
9TO ! HE>TS ( !SE MASSES4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! TRU/ 9 ! BIG FUNDS ( ! 
OLD UNIONS1 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S PUT !IR CONFID5CE 9 ! LIV+ SOLID>ITY 
& ! =CE ( 5DURANCE1 UPHELD BY A BURN+ 5?USIASM4 ,9/EAD ( ! HEAVY 
/ONE-MASON$ BUILD+S ( ! OLD UNIONS1 !Y REPRES5T$ ! PR9CIPLE ( 
FLEXIBLE CON/RUCTION1 ) A FLUCTUAT+ MEMB]%IP1 CONTRACT+ 9 TIME ( 
PEACE1 SWELL+ & GR[+ 9 ! FI<T ITSELF4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! CONS]VATIVE 
CAPITALI/ SPIRIT ( TRADE UNIONISM1 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S W]E ANTI-CAPITALI/ 
& /OOD = ,REVOLUTION4 ,!RE=E !Y W]E P]SECUT$ ) 9T5SE HATR$ BY 
! :OLE CAPITALI/ WORLD4 ,!Y W]E ?R[N 9TO JAIL & TORTUR$ ON FALSE 
ACCUSATIONS2 A NEW CRIME WAS EV5 9V5T$ ON !IR BEHALF3 ?AT ( 0CRIM9AL 
SYNDICALISM40 

,9DU/RIAL UNIONISM ALONE AS A ME?OD ( FI<T+ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS IS NOT 
SUFFICI5T TO OV]?R[ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY & TO CONQU] ! WORLD = ! 
WORK+ CLASS4 ,IT FI<TS ! CAPITALI/S AS EMPLOY]S ON ! ECONOMIC FIELD ( 
PRODUCTION1 BUT IT HAS NOT ! MEANS TO OV]?R[ !IR POLITICAL /RON<OLD1 
! /ATE P[]4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! ,I4,W4,W4 SO F> HAS BE5 ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y 
ORGANIZATION 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,MORE ?AN ANY O!R IT CONTRIBUT$ TO R\SE CLASS 
CONSCI\SNESS & 9SI<T1 SOLID>ITY & UNITY 9 ! WORK+ CLASS1 TO TURN 
ITS EYES T[>D COMMUNISM1 & TO PREP>E ITS FI<T+ P[]4 

,! LESSON ( ALL !SE FI<TS IS ?AT AGA9/ BIG CAPITALISM1 TRADE UNIONISM 
CANNOT W94 ,& IF AT TIMES IT W9S1 SU* VICTORIES GIVE ONLY TEMPOR>Y RELIEF4 
,& YET1 !SE FI<TS >E NECESS>Y & MU/ BE F\<T4 ,TO ! BITT] 5D8 -- 
NO1 TO ! BETT] 5D4 

,! REASON IS OBVI\S4 ,AN ISOLAT$ GR\P ( WORK]S MI<T BE EQUAL TO A FI<T 
AGA9/ AN ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/ EMPLOY]4 ,BUT AN ISOLAT$ GR\P ( WORK]S 
AGA9/ AN EMPLOY] BACK$ BY ! :OLE CAPITALI/ CLASS IS P[]LESS4 ,& SU* 
IS ! CASE H]E3 ! /ATE P[]1 ! MONEY P[] ( CAPITALISM1 PUBLIC OP9ION 
( ! MIDDLE CLASS1 EXCIT$ BY ! CAPITALI/ PRESS1 ALL ATTACK ! GR\P ( 
FI<T+ WORK]S4 

,BUT DOES ! WORK+ CLASS BACK ! /RIK]S8 ,! MILLIONS ( O!R WORK]S 
DO NOT CONSID] ?IS FI<T AS !IR [N CAUSE4 ,C]TA9LY !Y SYMPA?IZE1 & 
MAY (T5 COLLECT MONEY = ! /RIK]S1 & ?IS MAY GIVE SOME RELIEF1 
PROVID$ ITS DI/RIBUTION IS NOT =BIDD5 BY A JUDGE'S 9JUNCTION4 ,BUT ?IS 
EASYGO+ SYMPA?Y LEAVES ! REAL FI<T TO ! /RIK+ GR\P ALONE4 ,! 
MILLIONS /& ALO(1 PASSIVE4 ,SO ! FI<T CANNOT BE WON 7EXCEPT 9 SOME 
SPECIAL CASES1 :5 ! CAPITALI/S1 = BUS9ESS REASONS1 PREF] TO GRANT 
CONCESSIONS71 BECAUSE ! WORK+ CLASS DOES NOT FI<T AS ONE UNDIVID$ 
UNIT4 

,! MATT] WILL BE DIFF]5T1 ( C\RSE1 :5 ! MASS ( ! WORK]S REALLY 
CONSID] SU* A CONTE/ AS DIRECTLY CONC]N+ !M2 :5 !Y F9D ?AT !IR 
[N FUTURE IS AT /AKE4 ,IF !Y GO 9TO ! FI<T !MSELVES & EXT5D ! 
/RIKE TO O!R FACTORIES1 TO EV] MORE BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY1 !N ! /ATE 
P[]1 ! CAPITALI/ P[]1 HAS TO BE DIVID$ & CANNOT BE US$ 5TIRELY 
AGA9/ ! SEP>ATE GR\P ( WORK]S4 ,IT HAS TO FACE ! COLLECTIVE P[] ( 
! WORK+ CLASS4 

,EXT5SION ( ! /RIKE1 EV] MORE WIDELY1 9TO1 F9ALLY1 A G5]AL /RIKE1 
HAS (T5 BE5 ADVIS$ AS A MEANS TO AV]T DEFEAT4 ,BUT TO BE SURE1 ?IS IS NOT 
TO BE TAK5 AS A TRULY EXP$I5T PATT]N1 ACCID5TALLY HIT UPON1 & 5SUR+ 
VICTORY4 ,IF SU* W]E ! CASE1 TRADE UNIONS C]TA9LY W\LD HAVE MADE USE ( IT 
REPEAT$LY AS REGUL> TACTICS4 ,IT CANNOT BE PROCLAIM$ AT WILL BY UNION LEAD]S1 
AS A SIMPLE TACTICAL MEASURE4 ,IT MU/ COME =? FROM ! DEEPE/ FEEL+S ( 
! MASSES1 AS ! EXPRESSION ( !IR SPONTANE\S 9ITIATIVE1 & ?IS IS 
>\S$ ONLY :5 ! ISSUE ( ! FI<T IS OR GR[S L>G] ?AN A SIMPLE WAGE 
CONTE/ ( ONE GR\P4 ,ONLY !N WILL ! WORK]S PUT ALL !IR =CE1 !IR 
5?USIASM1 !IR SOLID>ITY1 !IR P[] ( 5DURANCE 9TO IT4 

,& ALL !SE =CES !Y WILL NE$4 ,= CAPITALISM ALSO WILL BR+ 9TO ! 
FIELD /RONG] =CES ?AN BE=E4 ,IT MAY HAVE BE5 DEFEAT$ & TAK5 BY 
SURPRISE BY ! UNEXPECT$ EXHIBITION ( PROLET>IAN =CE & ?US HAVE MADE 
CONCESSIONS4 ,BUT !N1 AFT]W>DS1 IT WILL GA!R NEW =CES \T ( ! DEEPE/ 
ROOTS ( ITS P[] & PROCE$ TO W9 BACK ITS POSITION4 ,SO ! VICTORY ( ! 
WORK]S IS NEI!R LA/+ NOR C]TA94 ,!RE IS NO CLE> & OP5 ROAD TO 
VICTORY2 ! ROAD ITSELF MU/ BE HEWN & BUILT ?R\< ! CAPITALI/ JUNGLE AT 
! CO/ ( IMM5SE EF=TS4 

,BUT EV5 SO1 IT WILL MEAN GREAT PROGRESS4 ,A WAVE ( SOLID>ITY HAS GONE 
?R\< ! MASSES1 !Y HAVE FELT ! IMM5SE P[] ( CLASS UNITY1 !IR 
SELF-CONFID5CE IS RAIS$1 !Y HAVE %AK5 (F ! N>R[ GR\P EGOTISM4 
,?R\< !IR [N DE$S !Y HAVE ACQUIR$ NEW WISDOM3 :AT CAPITALISM MEANS & 
H[ !Y /& AS A CLASS AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,!Y HAVE SE5 A GLIMPSE 
( !IR WAY TO FRE$OM4 

,?US ! N>R[ FIELD ( TRADE UNION /RUGGLE WID5S 9TO ! BROAD FIELD ( 
CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,BUT N[ ! WORK]S !MSELVES MU/ *ANGE4 ,!Y HAVE TO TAKE A 
WID] VIEW ( ! WORLD4 ,FROM !IR TRADE1 FROM !IR WORK )9 ! FACTORY 
WALLS1 !IR M9D MU/ WID5 TO 5COMPASS SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,!IR SPIRIT MU/ 
RISE ABOVE ! PETTY ?+S >\ND !M4 ,!Y HAVE TO FACE ! /ATE2 !Y 5T] 
! REALM ( POLITICS4 ,! PROBLEMS ( REVOLUTION MU/ BE DEALT )4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,TRADE ,UNIONISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,TRADE ,UNIONISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/