,:AT ,REVOLUTION ,MEANS 

#ahhf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,$ITOR 3 ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON 

,TAGS 3 P[] ( ! K+1 P[] ( ! /ATE1 *ANGE ( GOV]NM5T1 ECONOMICAL & POLITICAL1 REORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION1 /REET W>F>E1 :ITE T]ROR1 POLITICAL P[]1 ABSOLUTE P[]1 MIDDLE CLASSES4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,M>T9O ,SABIA1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,WE SAID1 9 \R PREC$+ >TICLE1 ?AT A GREAT REVOLUTION IS GR[+ UP 9 ,EUROPE4 ,WE APPROA* A TIME :5 ! SL[ EVOLUTION :I* HAS BE5 GO+ ON DUR+ ! SECOND P>T ( \R C5TURY1 BUT IS /ILL PREV5T$ FROM F9D+ ITS WAY 9TO LIFE1 WILL BREAK ?R\< ! OB/ACLES LY+ 9 ITS PA? & WILL TRY TO REMODEL SOCIETY ACCORD+ TO ! NEW NE$S & T5D5CIES4 ,SU* HAS BE51 UNTIL N[1 ! LAW ( DEVELOPM5T 9 SOCIETIES2 & ! PRES5T UNWILL+NESS ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES TO RECOGNIZE ! JU/ICE ( ! CLAIMS ( ! UNPRIVILEG$1 SUFFICI5TLY %[S ?AT ! LESSONS ( ! PA/ HAVE NOT PR(IT$ !M4 ,EVOLUTION WILL ASSUME ITS FEV]I% %APE-,REVOLUTION4 

,BUT :AT IS A REVOLUTION8 

,IF WE ASK \R HI/ORIANS1 WE %ALL LE>N FROM !M ?AT IT MEANS MU* NOISE 9 ! /REETS2 WILD SPEAK]S P]=AT+ 9 CLUBS2 MOBS BREAK+ W9D[S & WRECK+ H\SES2 PILLAGE1 /REET W>F>E1 & MURD]S2 EXASP]AT$ /RUGGLE BETWE5 P>TIES2 VIOL5T OV]?R[ ( EXI/+ GOV]NM5TS1 & NOM9ATION ( NEW ONES AS UNABLE TO SOLVE ! GREAT IMP5D+ PROBLEMS AS ! =M] ONES2 & !N1 ! G5]AL DISCONT5T1 ! GR[? ( MIS]Y2 REACTION /EPP+ 9 UND] ! BLOOD-/A9$ FLAG ( ! ,:ITE ,T]ROR2 & F9ALLY1 ! RE9/ALLATION ( GOV]NM5T WORSE ?AN !  =M]4 ,SU* IS ! PICTURE DRAWN BY MO/ HI/ORIANS4 

,PUT ?IS IS NOT A REVOLUTION4 ,!RE >E 9 ! PICTURE SOME ( ! ACCID5TAL FEATURES ( REVOLUTIONS1 BUT !IR ESS5CE IS WANT+4 ,W9D[-BREAK+ & /REET W>F>E MAY BE AS WELL DI/9CTIVE ( A RIOT - & A VIOL5T *ANGE ( GOV]NM5T MAY BE ! RESULT ( A SIMPLE 9SURRECTION4 GO IT WAS1 = 9/ANCE1 ALL OV] ,EUROPE 9 #a#h#d#h4 

,A REVOLUTION HAS A MU* DEEP] MEAN+4 ,!RE MAY BE /REET W>F>E1 OR !RE MAY NOT2 !RE MAY BE H\SE-WRECK+1 OR !RE MAY NOT4 ,BUT1 9 A REVOLUTION1 !RE MU/ BE A RAPID MODIFICATION ( \TGR[N ECONOMICAL & POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 AN OV]?R[ (  ! 9JU/ICES ACCUMULAT$ BY C5TURIES PA/1 A DISPLACEM5T ( WEAL? & POLITICAL P[]4 ,:5 WE SEE1 = 9/ANCE1 ?AT DUR+4 ! YE>S #a<i TO #agic ! LA/ REMNANTS ( FEUDAL 9/ITUTIONS W]E ABOLI%$ 9 ,FRANCE2 ?AT ! PEASANT :O =M]LY WAS-ECONOMICALLY1 IF NO LONG] LEGALLY-A S]F ( ! L&LORD1 BECAME A FREE MAN2 ?AT ! COMMONS RESUM$ POSSESSION ( ! SOIL 5CLOS$ BY ! L&[N]S2 ?AT ! ABSOLUTE P[] ( ! K+1 OR RA!R ( HIS C\RTI]S1 WAS BROK5 = EV] 9 ! C\RSE ( A FEW YE>S2 & ?AT ! POLITICAL P[] WAS TRANSF]R$ FROM ! H&S ( A FEW C\RTI]S 9TO ?OSE ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES1-!N WE SAY1 ,IT WAS A ,REVOLUTION4 ,& WE KN[ ?AT NEI!R ,RE/ORATION NOR ,:ITE ,T]ROR C\LD RECON/ITUTE ! FEUDAL RI<TS ( ! NOBLESSE1 NOR ?OSE ( ! L&$ >I/OCRACY1 NOR ! ABSOLUTE P[] ( ! K+4 ,IT WAS SO MU* A REVOLUTION ?AT1 AL?\< SEEM+LY DEFEAT$1 IT HAS COMPELL$ ,EUROPE AT L5G? TO FOLL[ \T ITS PROGRAM-?AT IS1 TO ABOLI% S]FDOM & TO 9TRODUCE REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T1 

,& TO F9D ITS LIKE WE MU/ NOT LOOK TO ! SMALL] \TBREAKS ( \R TIMES2 WE MU/ REV]T TO ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY-TO ! ,REVOLUTION :I* TOOK PLACE 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 ) NE>LY ! SAME PROGRAM1 ! SAME T5D5CIES & CONSEQU5CES4 

,AS TO /REET W>F>E & EXECUTIONS1 :I* SO MU* PREOCCUPY HI/ORIANS1 !Y >E 9CID5TAL TO ! GREAT /RUGGLE4 ,!Y DO NOT CON/ITUTE1 ITS ESS5CE & PROBABLY !Y W\LD NOT HAVE OCCURR$ AT ALL IF ! RUL+ CLASSES HAD UND]/OOD AT ONCE ! NEW =CE ?AT HAD GR[N UP AMONG !M1 & 9/EAD ( PLOTT+ AGA9/ IT1 BAD FRANKLY SET TO WORK TO HELP ! NEW ORD] ( ?+S TO MAKE ITS WAY 9TO LIFE4 

,A REVOLUTION IS NOT A M]E *ANGE ( GOV]NM5T1 BECAUSE A GOV]NM5T1 H[EV] P[]FUL1 CANNOT OV]?R[ 9/ITUTIONS BY M]E DECREES4 ,ITS DECREES W\LD REMA9 DEAD LETT]S IF 9 EA* P>T ( ! T]RITORY A DEMOLITION ( DECAY+ 9/ITUTIONS1 ECONOMICAL & POLITICAL1 W]E NOT GO+ ON SPONTANE\SLY4 

,AGA91 IT IS NOT ! WORK ( ONE DAY4 ,IT MEANS A :OLE P]IOD1 MO/LY LA/+ = SEV]AL YE>S1 DUR+ :I* ! C\NTRY IS 9 A /ATE ( EFF]VESC5CE2 :5 ?\S&S ( =M]LY 9DIFF]5T SPECTATORS TAKE A LIVELY P>T 9 PUBLIC AFFAIRS2 :5 ! PUBLIC M9D1 ?R[+ (F ! BONDS ?AT RE/RA9$ IT1 FREELY DISCUSSES1 CRITICIZES & REPUDIATES ! 9/ITUTIONS :I* >E A H9DRANCE TO FREE DEVELOPM5T2 :5 IT BOLDLY 5T]S UPON PROBLEMS :I* =M]LY SEEM$ 9SOLUBLE4 

,! *IEF PROBLEM :I* \R C5TURY IMPOSES UPON US IS AIL ECONOMIC PROBLEM2 & ECONOMIC PROBLEMS IMPLY SO DEEP A *ANGE 9 ALL B1 RAN*ES ( PUBLIC LIFE ?AT !Y CANNOT BE SOLV$ BY LAWS4 ,! LAWS MADE EV5 BY REVOLUTION>Y BODIES HAVE MO/LY SANCTION$ ACCOMPLI%$ FACTS4 

,! WORK+ CLASSES ALL OV] ,EUROPE L\DLY AFFIRM ?AT ! RI*ES PRODUC$ BY ! COMB9$ EF=TS ( G5]ATIONS PA/ & PRES5T MU/ NOT BE APPROPRIAT$ BY A FEW4 ,!Y LOOK ON IT AS UNJU/ ?AT ! MILLIONS READY TO WORK MU/ DEP5D = GETT+ WORK ON ! GOOD WILL1 OR RA!R ON ! GRE$9ESS1 ( A FEW4 ,!Y ASK = A COMPLETE REORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION2 !Y D5Y ! CAPITALI/ ! RI<T ( POCKET+ ! B5EFITS ( PRODUCTION BECAUSE ! ,/ATE RECOGNIZES HIM AS PROPRIETOR ( ! SOIL1 ! FIELD1 ! H\SE1 ! COLLI]Y1 OR ! MA*9]Y1 )\T ! USE ( :I* ! MILLIONS CAN DO NO USEFUL WORK AT ALL4 ,!Y L\DLY REQUIRE A MORE EQUITABLE ORGANIZATION ( DI/RIBUTION4 

,BUT ?IS IMM5SE PROBLEM-! REORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION1 R$I/RIBUTION ( WEAL? & EX*ANGE1 ACCORD+ TO ! NEW PR9CIPLES1 CANNOT BE SOLV$ BY P>LIAM5T>Y COMMISSIONS NOR BY ANY K9D ( GOV]NM5T4 ,IT MU/ BE A NATURAL GR[? RESULT+ FROM ! COMB9$ EF=TS ( ALL 9T]E/$ 9 IT1 FRE$ FROM ! BONDS ( ! PRES5T 9/ITUTIONS4 ,IT MU/ GR[ NATURALLY1 PROCE$+ FROM ! SIMPLE/ UP TO COMPLEX F$]ATIONS2 & IT CANNOT BE SOME?+ S*EM$ BY A FEW M5 & ORD]$ FROM ABOVE4 ,9 ?IS LA/ %APE IT SURELY W\LD HAVE NO *ANCE ( LIV+ AT ALL4 

,BUT ?IS ECONOMICAL REORGANIZATION MEANS ALSO ! RECA/+ ( ALL ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS :I* WE >E N[ ACCU/OM$ TO CALL ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( A C\NTRY4 ,A NEW ECONOMICAL ORGANIZATION NECESS>ILY CALLS = A NEW POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,FEUDAL RI<TS ACCOMMODAT$ !MSELVES P]FECTLY TO ABSOLUTE MON>*Y2 FREE EXPLOITATION BY ! MIDDLE CLASSES HAS PROSP]$ UND] REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT NEW =MS ( ECONOMICAL LIFE WILL REQUIRE ALSO NEW =MS ( POLITICAL LIFE2 & !SE NEW =MS CANNOT BE A RE9=CEM5T ( ! P[] ( ! ,/ATE BY GIV+ UP 9 ITS H&S ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL?1 & ITS EX*ANGE4 

,HUMAN PROGRESS IS ADVANC+ 9 AN OPPOSITE DIRECTION2 IT AIMS AT ! LIMITATION ( ! P[] ( ! ,/ATE OV] ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,& ! REVOLUTION CANNOT BUT FOLL[ ! SAME L9E4  ,IF ! TIMES >E RIPE = SOME SUB/ANTIAL REMODEL+ ( LIFE1 SU* REMODEL+ WILL BE ! RESULT ( ! NUMB]LESS SPONTANE\S ACTIONS ( MILLIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS2 IT WILL GO 9 AN AN>*I/ DIRECTION1 NOT 9 A GOV]NM5TAL ONE & IT WILL RESULT 9 A SOCIETY GIV+ FREE PLAY TO ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! FREE GR\P+ ( 9DIVIDUALS1 9/EAD ( RE9=C+ SUBMISSION TO ! ,/ATE4 

,IF ! COM+ ,REVOLUTION IS NOT DOOM$ TO DIE \T BE=E ANY?+ HAS BE5 REALIZ$ BY IT1 IT WILL BE AN>*I/ NOT AU?ORITATIVE4 

,FRE$OM3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,AN>*I/ ,SOCIALISM 

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