0,WILD ,JU/ICE0 
,CRIME AS AN ,AN>*I/ ,S\RCE ( ,SOCIAL ,ORD] 

#bab 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,BOB ,BLACK 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION 

,WE'VE ALL HE>D ! PHRASE 0LAW & ORD]0 -- AS IF !Y GO TOGE!R4 ,! SLOGAN ASSUMES ?AT LAW PROMOTES ORD]1 & ?AT CRIME SUBV]TS ORD]4 0,AN>*I/S BELIEVE ! PHRASE LAW & ORD] IS ONE ( ! GREAT DECEPTIONS ( \R AGE40.<#a.> ,I'M GO+ TO DISCUSS JU/ ONE ( ! REASONS :Y ?IS SLOGAN IS A LIE4 ,ONE REASON IS ?AT LAW ITSELF MAY CREATE OR P]PETUATE DISORD]4 ,?IS IS A FAMILI> AN>*I/ !ME.<#b.> :I* ,I WILL NOT GO 9TO H]E4 ,ANO!R REASON1 :I* IS NOT FAMILI>1 IS ?AT (T5 CRIME PROMOTES ORD]4  ,CRIME CAN BE A S\RCE ( ORD] -- ESPECIALLY :]E ! LAW ISN'T -- & ?IS IS SURPRIS+LY COMMON4 ,IF CRIME IS EV] A S\RCE ( SOCIAL ORD]1 IT CAN ONLY BE AN AN>*I/ S\RCE ( SOCIAL ORD]4 ,?IS WILL BE MY !SIS H]E4 

,UNTIL REC5TLY1 SOCIAL SCI5TI/S ONLY NOTIC$ ONE WAY ?AT CRIME PROMOTES ORD]4 ,AS ,EMILE ,DURKHEIM PUT IT1 0,CRIME BR+S TOGE!R UPRI<T CONSCI5CES & CONC5TRATES !M40.<#c.> ,! COMMUNITY COMES TOGE!R AGA9/ ! COMMON 5EMY3 ! CRIM9AL4 ,BUT REC5TLY ANO!R SOCIOLOGI/1 ,DONALD ,BLACK 7NO RELATION7 HAS >GU$ ?AT SOME CRIME IS REALLY SELF-HELP SOCIAL CONTROL4 ,Y\ CAN FI<T CRIME ) CRIME4 ,Y\ CAN ALSO USE CRIME TO DEAL ) H>MFUL ACTS :I* >5'T CRIMES4 ,?IS IS A LOT MORE COMMON ?AN Y\ MI<T ?9K4 

,! ,S\RCES ( ,SOCIAL ,ORD] 

,WE ALREADY LIVE 9 A MO/LY AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 9 ! S5SE ?AT ! /ATE PLAYS A RELATIVELY M9OR ROLE 9 CONTROLL+ ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR4 ,?IS IS A CLASSIC AN>*I/ >GUM5T1.<#d.> BUT ,I ?9K ?AT ! AN>*I/S HAV5'T MADE AS MU* ( IT AS !Y C\LD4 ,DONALD ,BLACK WRITES ?AT 0! MORE WE /UDY LAW1 9DE$1 ! MORE WE REALIZE H[ LITTLE PEOPLE ACTUALLY USE IT TO H&LE !IR CONFLICTS 4440.<#e.> 

,IT ISN'T BECAUSE ( ! FE> ( PUNI%M5T ?AT MO/ PEOPLE DON'T KILL1 OR /EAL1 OR USE H]O91 OR RUN R$ LI<TS4 ,IT'S USUALLY = O!R REASONS4 ,!Y MAY JU/ NOT GO 9 = ?OSE ?+S4 ,!Y MAY BE 9FLU5C$ OR 9HIBIT$ BY $UCATION1 OR BY MORAL VALUES1 OR BY =CE ( HABIT4 ,MO/ IMPORTANTLY1.<#f.> !Y MAY BE RESPONSIVE TO :AT O!R PEOPLE ?9K ( !M4 

,NO D\BT LAW IMPOSES SOME ORD]1 = BETT] OR = WORSE4 ,BUT 9 ADDITION TO SOCIAL ORD] 5=C$ BY LAW1 !RE'S A MU* L>G] AM\NT ( SOCIAL ORD] BR\<T AB\T AP>T FROM ! LAW4 ,& ?AT 9CLUDES ORD] BR\<T AB\T AGA9/ ! LAW4 

,9 ,MAX ,WEB]'S FAM\S DEF9ITION1 ! /ATE 0IS A HUMAN COMMUNITY ?AT 7SUCCESSFULLY7 CLAIMS ! MONOPOLY ( ! LEGITIMATE USE ( =CE )9 A GIV5 T]RITORY40.<#g.> ,HE DID WELL TO PLACE 0SUCCESSFULLY0 9 P>5!SES1 & TO SPEAK ( A M]E 0CLAIM40 ,NO /ATE HAS EV] SUCCE$$ 9 MONOPOLIZ+ ! USE ( =CE4 ,FEW IF ANY /ATES HAVE EV5 TRI$ TO4 ,!RE IS SOME DEGREE ( AN>*Y 9 EV]Y SOCIETY4.<#h.> 

,/ILL LESS HAS ! /ATE 7ANY /ATE7 EV] SUCCE$$ 9 MONOPOLIZ+ ! 0LEGITIMATE0 USE ( =CE EI!R1 IF ?IS MEANS ?AT ?OSE SUBJECT TO ! P[] ( ! /ATE1 CONSCI\SLY ACCEPT ITS P[] -- NOT ONLY ?AT !Y ACCEPT IT AS A BRUTE FACT1 BUT ?AT !Y ACCEPT IT AS RI<T4 ,USUALLY1 ALL ?AT WE HAVE EVID5CE ( IS ?AT MO/ PEOPLE1 MO/ ( ! TIME1 ACQUIESCE 91 !Y >E RESIGN$ TO1 ! P[] ( ! /ATE1 :I* IS NOT NECESS>ILY ! SAME AS 5DORS+ ! /ATE OR ITS LEGITIMACY OR ITS JU/ICE4 ,MU* CRIM9AL VIOL5CE IS SE5 BY ITS P]PETRATORS -- REASONABLY OR NOT -- AS LEGITIMATE SOCIAL CONTROL4.<#i.> ,!Y ?9K ?AT !IR VIOL5CE IS LEGITIMATE1 TOO4 

,LAW & ,AN>*Y 

,DONALD ,BLACK'S DEF9ITION ( LAW IS SIMPLY ?AT LAW IS GOV]NM5TAL SOCIAL CONTROL4.<#a.> 

,ALL O!R SOCIAL CONTROL IS NONGOV]NM5TAL SOCIAL CONTROL & IS !RE=E1 BY DEF9ITION1 AN>*I/4.<#a#a.> ,BLACK HAS ALSO =MULAT$ SOME PROPOSITIONS AB\T LAW1 9CLUD+ ?IS ONE3 ,! MORE LAW1 ! LESS NONLEGAL SOCIAL CONTROL1 & VISE V]SA4.<#a#b.> ,?US 0,CRIMES ( SELF-HELP >E MORE LIKELY :]E LAW IS LESS AVAILABLE40.<#a#c.> ,:5 !RE IS NO LAW1 & !RE IS ONLY NONLEGAL SOCIAL CONTROL1 ?AT'S AN>*Y4 ,& ,BLACK DOESN'T HESITATE TO CALL IT ?AT4 ,HE IS FAMILI> )1 & DRAWS UPON ! HI/ORICAL & E?NOGRAPHIC EVID5CE ( VIABLE PRIMITIVE AN>*I/ SOCIETIES4 ,& HE EV5 ANTICIPATES A GRADUAL EVOLUTION T[>D A POSSIBLE FUTURE AN>*Y -- ON ! O!R SIDE ( MOD]N /ATE SOCIETY4.<#a#d.> 

,Y\ MI<T NOT BE COM=TABLE ) ! T]M 0SOCIAL CONTROL40 ,BLACK'S DEF9ITION IS ?AT IT REF]S TO 0ANY PROCESS BY :I* PEOPLE DEF9E & RESPOND TO DEVIANT BEHAVIOR40.<#a#e.> ,Y\ MI<T NOT LIKE ! WORD 0DEVIANT0 EI!R1 S9CE Y\ MAY SUSPECT ?AT Y\ >E ONE4 ,Y\ MI<T SAY IT ANO!R WAY1 BUT ,BLACK IS ONLY SAY+ ?AT :5 SOME PEOPLE DO ?+S ?AT O!R PEOPLE DON'T LIKE1 ! O!R PEOPLE MAY DO SOME?+ AB\T IT1 OR AT LEA/ REACT 9 SOME WAY4 ,?AT'S 9EVITABLE4 ,Y\ CAN ABOLI% LAW1 BUT Y\ CAN'T ABOLI% CONSEQU5CES4 ,S9CE SOCIETY ITSELF IS 9T]P]SONAL 9T]ACTION :5 IT ASSUMES DEF9ITE =MS1.<#a#f.> IT IS IMPLICITLY LIMIT+1 AS AN EXTREME AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALI/ SU* AS ,R5ZO ,NOVATORE SEEMS TO HAVE SE51 & DEPLOR$4.<#a#g.> 

,SOME AN>*I/S1 SU* AS ,TOL/OY1 HAVE ADVOCAT$ NONRESI/ANCE2 BUT NONE1 TO MY KN[L$GE1 HAS ADVOCAT$ NONREACTION4 ,EV5 GO+ LIMP IS A REACTION4 ,EV5 TURN+ ! O!R *EEK IS A REACTION4 ,!Y >E ATTEMPTS TO %AME ! VICTIMIZ]S OR TO W9 OV] PUBLIC OP9ION3 !Y >E P[] PLOYS4 ,SOCIAL CONTROL IS NOT NECESS>ILY CO]CION4 ,IT MAY JU/ BE 9FLU5CE4.<#a#h.> ,C]TA9 PEOPLE MAY HAVE TO BE BEAT5 9TO POLITE BEHAVIOR1 BUT = O!RS1 P]SUAD+1 MOCK+1 %AM+ OR %UNN+ SUFFICES4 ,!RE'S NO REASON :Y AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY CAN'T R$UCE OV]ALL SOCIAL CONTROL AS IT ELIM9ATES LEGAL SOCIAL CONTROL 5TIRELY4.<#a#i.> ,:AT'S MORE1 NONGOV]NM5TAL SOCIAL CONTROL IS LESS PUNITIVE ?AN LAW4 ,IT T5DS 9/EAD TO BE CONCILIATORY1 COMP5SATORY OR !RAPEUTIC4.<#b.> 

,CRIME & ,PRIOR ,RELATION%IPS 

,! POLICE >5'T ALWAYS 9EFFECTUAL4 ,!Y (T5 CAT* CRIM9ALS 9 SU* CASES AS BANK ROBB]Y1 C\NT]FEIT+1 & ?REAT5+ ! ,PRESID5T4 ,BUT IT'S POSSIBLE TO ID5TIFY >EAS :]E !Y >E LEA/ EFFECTIVE4 ,ONE ( !M IS :]E ! VICTIM & ! CRIM9AL HAVE SOME SORT ( CURR5T OR PRIOR RELATION%IP4 

,MO/ SO-CALL$ /REET CRIME ISN'T COMMITT$ BY /RANG]S4 ,IT'S COMMITT$ BY FAMILY1 FRI5DS & NEI<BORS4 ,! TYPICAL RAPE ISN'T A WOMAN BE+ DRAGG$ BY ! HAIR 9TO AN ALLEY BY SOME LU/-CRAZ$ BRUTE ( A MAN4 ,! TYPICAL RAPE IS DATE RAPE4 ,BY N[ ?AT %\LDN'T SURPRISE ANYBODY4 ,BUT SOME O!R RESE>* F9D+S PROBABLY WILL SURPRISE Y\4 

,BUT BE=E ,I REPORT !M1 ,I WANT TO GIVE Y\ AN EXAMPLE TO ?9K AB\T4 ,A LOANS HIS BICYCLE TO HIS FRI5D ,B4 ,B ORIG9ALLY MEANT TO RETURN IT1 BUT HE NEV] DID4 ,A F9ALLY GOES OV] TO ,B'S AP>TM5T &1 F9D+ ! DOOR CLOS$ BUT NOT LOCK$1 WALKS 94 ,HE RETRIEVES HIS BIKE4 ,B TRIES TO /OP HIM BUT ,A PU%ES HIM AWAY4 ,SOME PEOPLE W\LD SAY ?AT ,A WAS JU/IFI$4 ,O!RS W\LD SAY ?AT ,A HAD A LEGITIMATE GRIEVANCE BUT W5T TOO F>4 ,FEW PEOPLE W\LD CONSID] ?IS TO BE A HI<LY S]I\S 9CID5T4 

,BUT TO ! LAW1 ,A APPE>S TO HAVE COMMITT$ TWO MAJOR FELONIES3 BURGL>Y 7BECAUSE ( :AT IS1 TE*NICALLY1 A BREAK-9 AT A DWELL+7 & ROBB]Y 7BECAUSE HE US$ =CE 9 RETAK+ ! BIKE74 ,IT'S LEGALLY IRRELEVANT ?AT IT WAS ,A :O [N$ ! BIKE4.<#b#a.> ,& A F9AL PO9T ( 9T]E/3 ,B COMMITT$ NO CRIME 9 FAIL+ TO RETURN ! BIKE4 ,A COMPLA9T TO ! POLICE BY ,A W\LD BE FUTILE4 ,FROM A TE*NICAL LEGAL VIEWPO9T1 ,B IS BLAMELESS1 AS F> AS ! CRIM9AL LAW IS CONC]N$1 BUT ,A C\LD 9 !ORY GET MANY YE>S 9 PRISON IF HIS CLAIM TO [N ! BIKE IS NOT BELIEV$4 ,HE WILL NOT1 ( C\RSE1 GET MANY YE>S 9 PRISON1 OR ANY YE>S 9 PRISON1 :E!R HE IS BELIEV$ OR NOT -- & ,DONALD ,BLACK WILL EXPLA9 :Y NOT4 

,!RE WAS A /UDY DONE ONCE 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY BY ! ,V]A ,9/ITUTE ( ,JU/ICE ?AT TRI$ TO F9D \T :Y SO FEW ( ! PEOPLE *>G$ ) FELONIES >E EV] TRI$4 ,IT'S NO SURPRISE ?AT MANY >RE/S = M9OR (F5SES -- MISDEMEANORS -- DO NOT RESULT 9 CONVICTION4 ,9 ONE /UDY ( L[] C\RTS 9 ,NEW ,HAV51 ,CONNECTICUT1 \T ( #a1#f CASES OV] A P]IOD ( SEV]AL MON?S1 NO MISDEMEANOR CASE  W5T TO TRIAL4.<#b#b.> ,FELONIES >E SUPPOS$ TO BE S]I\S CRIMES1 PUNI%ABLE BY IMPRISONM5T = MORE ?AN A YE>4 ,YET ( OV] #a1 FELONY >RE/S 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY DUR+ ! P]IOD ( ! ,V]A ,9/ITUTE /UDY1 ONLY #a#e.0 RESULT$ 9 CONVICTION = A FELONY1 & ONLY #e.0 ( ?OSE *>G$ W]E1 9 FACT1 ULTIMATELY PUNI%$ BY OV] A YE> 9 PRISON4.<#b#c.> 

,! MO/ 9T]E/+ F9D+ ( ! /UDY1 = PRES5T PURPOSES1 IS H[ MANY FELONY >RE/S 9VOLV$ PEOPLE 9 :AT W]E !RE CALL$ PRIOR RELATION%IPS4 ,SOME ( ! /ATI/ICS >E SURPRIS+1 EV5 />TL+3 

,HOMICIDE3 #e.0  

,RAPE3 #h#c.0  

,FELONI\S ,ASSAULT3 #f#i.0  

,ROBB]Y3 #c#f.0  

,BURGL>Y3 #c#i.0  

,GR& ,L>C5Y 7O!R ?AN ,AUTO73 #e#e.0 .<#b#d.> 

,?IS IS CRUCIAL BACKGR\ND = ?9K+ AB\T CRIME AS SELF-HELP4 

,CRIME AS ,SELF-,HELP 

,:]E ! CRIM9AL & ! VICTIM KN[ EA* O!R1 ! CRIM9AL USUALLY BELIEVES ?AT HE HAS A GRIEVANCE AGA9/ ! VICTIM4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,BLACK1 0,CRIME (T5 EXPRESSES A GRIEVANCE4 ,?IS IMPLIES ?AT MANY CRIMES BELONG TO ! SAME FAMILY AS GOSSIP1 RIDICULE1 V5GEANCE1 PUNI%M5T1 & LAW ITSELF40 .<#b#e.> ,!SE CRIMES >5'T MOTIVAT$ BY GRE$ OR BY ANTISOCIAL PSY*OLOGICAL IMPULSES4 ,!SE >E CRIMES ?AT >ISE \T ( SOCIAL RELATION%IPS3 0,DISPUTES >E SOCIAL PROCESSES EMB$D$ 9 SOCIAL RELATIONS40.<#b#f.> ,AS ,DONALD ,BLACK SAYS1 0MU* CRIME IS MORALI/IC & 9VOLVES ! PURSUIT ( JU/ICE40.<#b#g.> ,9 O!R WORDS1 MU* CRIME RESEMBLES LAW4 ,& ,I ?9K ?AT ?IS IMPLIES ?AT MANY CRIMES %\LD BE UND]/OOD TO 9VOLVE 9T]P]SONAL DISPUTES1 NOT JU/ AB/RACT TRANSGRESSIONS ( ! AU?ORITY 7OR TRANSGRESSIONS ( ! AB/RACT AU?ORITY7 ( ! /ATE4 ,IT WAS A GROSS UND]/ATEM5T = ONE EM95T SOCIOLOGI/ TO /ATE ?AT CRIME IS 0SOMETIMES0 A =M ( CONFLICT4.<#b#h.> 

,( C\RSE1 SOME CRIMES DON'T 9VOLVE DISPUTES4 ,A HIT-MAN DOESN'T HAVE A DISPUTE ) HIS T>GET4 ,BANK ROBB]S DON'T HAVE A DISPUTE ) ! BANK4 ,C\NT]FEIT]S DON'T HAVE A DISPUTE ) ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ! ,TREASURY4 ,CRIMES MOTIVAT$ ONLY BY HATR$1 LU/ OR GRE$ -- OR IDEOLOGY -- >5'T DISPUTES4.<#b#i.> ,?IS PROBABLY EXPLA9S :Y ! CRIM9AL JU/ICE SY/EM HAS SOME SUCCESS 9 DEAL+ ) SOME ( !SE CRIMES1 AL?\< EV5 !N ITS P]=MANCE IS LESS ?AN IMPRESSIVE4 ,BUT IT ALSO EXPLA9S :Y ! SY/EM IS MU* LESS EFFECTIVE 9 DEAL+ ) CRIMES :I* 9VOLVE DISPUTES BETWE5 PEOPLE :O KN[ EA* O!R4 ,9 ?OSE CASES1 AL?\< ! SUSPECTS >E EASY TO ID5TIFY1 V]Y (T5 !RE >E NO >RE/S1 OR ELSE NO *>GES >E FIL$1 OR ELSE ?AT'S AS F> AS IT GOES4 ,?US1 A /UDY ( ! RESID5TS ( A L[-9COME ,BO/ON H\S+ PROJECT F\ND ?AT 0DESPITE FREQU5T APPEALS TO ! CRIM9AL C\RTS 9 DISPUTES )9 ONGO+ RELATION%IPS1 ! =MAL LEGAL SY/EM FAILS TO RESOLVE MO/ DISPUTES 9 ! S5SE ( PROVID+ A MUTUALLY ACCEPTABLE SETTLEM5T ?AT T]M9ATES ! DISPUTE40.<#c.> 

,!RE >E GOOD REASONS :Y SOMEBODY ) A GRIEVANCE MI<T PREF] SELF-HELP TO CALL+ ! POLICE4 ,HE MI<T NOT LIKE ! POLICE4 ,! POLICE MI<T NOT LIKE HIM4 ,HE MI<T BE A SELF-RELIANT K9D ( P]SON4 ,:AT HE'S COMPLA9+ AB\T MI<T NOT BE A CRIME1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ,A'S DISPUTE ) ,B4 ,OR HE MI<T BE SOMEONE ! POLICE W\LDN'T TAKE S]I\SLY4 ,!RE >E TWO MAJOR SITUATIONS 9 :I* ?IS MI<T BE TRUE4 

,! FIR/ IS IF IT'S A PRIOR-RELATION%IP CRIME4 ,! T5D5CY IS = /ATE (FICIALS TO VIEW IT AS A PRIVATE MATT]1 UNLESS IT'S EXTREMELY S]I\S1 LIKE HOMICIDE4 ,& ! POLICE KN[ ?AT !SE CASES HAVE A WAY ( GO+ NO:]E4 ,!Y (T5 9VOLVE A HI< LEVEL ( VICTIM NONCOOP]ATION4 ,IT'S NOT UNCOMMON = ! P>TIES TO RECONCILE4 ,POLICE & PROSECUTORS VIEW SOME >RE/S AS T]M9AT+ A PROBLEM1 NOT 9ITIAT+ ! ADJUDICATION PROCESS4.<#c#a.> ,IRONICALLY1 !SE LAWM5 >E ?9K+ AB\T !SE CASES AS ,DONALD ,BLACK DOES3 SOCIOLOGICALLY1 NOT LEGALLY4 ,IF AN >RE/ IS MADE1 OR ! CASE MOVES ALONG A LITTLE FUR!R1 TO ! FIL+ ( *>GES1 ?AT MI<T BE 5\< TO SATISFY ! VICTIM1.<#c#b.> :I* W\LD BE UNLIKELY IF ! (F5D] WAS A /RANG]4 ,IF A DEF5DANT EV5TUALLY IS CONVICT$1 HE WILL BE TREAT$ MORE L5I5TLY ?AN IF HE W]E A /RANG] TO ! VICTIM4 

,! SECOND CIRCUM/ANCE HAS TO DO ) ! SOCIAL /ATUS ( ! PEOPLE 9VOLV$4 ,IF A CRIME IS COMMITT$ BY A L[ /ATUS P]SON AGA9/ A L[ /ATUS P]SON1 ,DONALD ,BLACK OBS]VES ?AT POLICE >E LESS LIKE TO MAKE >RE/S1 PROSECUTORS >E LESS LIKELY TO PROSECUTE1 & JUDGES >E LESS LIKELY TO IMPOSE A H>% S5T5CE4.<#c#c.> ,! UNSPOK5 ASSUMPTION IS1 0,Y\ KN[ H[ ?OSE PEOPLE >E40 ,POLICE & PROSECUTORS & JUDGES >E HI<] /ATUS PEOPLE1 OR ELSE ID5TIFY ) !M4 ,!Y TAKE C>E ( !IR [N4 

,& IF ! CRIME IS COMMITT$ BY A L[ /ATUS P]SON AGA9/ ANO!R L[ /ATUS P]SON1 & !Y HAVE A PRIOR RELATION%IP1 ! LIKELIHOOD ( GETT+ ACTION \T ( ! LEGAL SY/EM IS L[E/ ( ALL4 ,IF Y\ MULTIPLY A FRACTION BY ANO!R FRACTION1 ! RESULT IS AN EV5 L[] FRACTION4 ,& ?IS COMB9ATION IS A V]Y COMMON CONTEXT ( /REET CRIME4 ,SOMEBODY ) A GRIEVANCE W\LD NOT NECESS>ILY BE ACT+ IRRATIONALLY IF HE TOOK ! LAW 9TO HIS [N H&S4 ,= ALL ITS DRAWBACKS1 IT MI<T BE BETT] ?AN NO?+4 

,SOCIAL ,CONTROL FROM ,BEL[ 

,ONE ( ! REASONS :Y1 = SOME PEOPLE1 CRIME IS A BETT] WAY TO DEAL ) GRIEVANCES ?AN LAW1 IS ?AT LAW IS MU* MORE AVAILABLE TO SOME K9DS ( PEOPLE ?AN O!RS4 ,SELF-HELP IS MORE (T5 RESORT$ TO :]E LAW IS LESS AVAILABLE4.<#c#d.> ,L[] CLASS PEOPLE ( ALL SORTS 5JOY LESS LEGAL PROTECTION3 0,TO ! POLICE & O!R AU?ORITIES1 ! PROBLEMS ( !SE PEOPLE SEEM LESS SEV]E1 !IR 9JURIES LESS SEV]E1 !IR HONOR LESS IMPORTANT40.<#c#e.> ,HI< /ATUS PEOPLE USE ! LAW MORE ?AN L[ /ATUS PEOPLE1 & ESPECIALLY !Y USE IT AGA9/ L[ /ATUS PEOPLE4 ,ORGANIZATIONS USE ! LAW MORE ?AN 9DIVIDUALS -- & ESPECIALLY !Y USE IT AGA9/ 9DIVIDUALS1 & USUALLY SUCCESSFULLY4.<#c#f.> ,ORGANIZATIONS & HI< /ATUS 9DIVIDUALS BO? USE ! LAW MORE SUCCESSFULLY ?AN ANYONE4 ,A HI< /ATUS ORGANIZATION LIKE ! /ATE GETS ! V]Y BE/ RESULTS \T ( ! LAW1 .<#c#g.> :I* IS NOT TOO SURPRIS+ -- NOT ONLY IS ! /ATE HI< /ATUS & IT IS AN ORGANIZATION1 ! /ATE ALSO 9V5TS ! LAW1 & ! 9/ITUTIONS ?AT 5=CE ! LAW4 

,!RE >E V>I\S ME?ODS BY :I* SOCIAL 9F]IORS TRY TO 9FLU5CE -- TO CONTROL -- !IR SOCIAL SUP]IORS4 ,SOME ( !IR ME?ODS 9VOLVE COMMITT+ CRIMES4 ,REBELLIONS & REVOLTS >E SU* WELL-KN[N EXAMPLES ?AT ,I WON'T DISCUSS !M N[4 ,!RE >E TWO ME?ODS1 MORE 9DIVIDUALIZ$1 :I* MAY 9VOLVE CRIM9AL RETALIATION4 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT IS COV]T RETALIATION4 ,?IS (T5 9VOLVES ! !FT OR DE/RUCTION ( ! SUP]IOR'S PROP]TY4.<#c#h.> ,! 9T5T MI<T BE RETRIBUTIVE & RETALIATORY1 OR TO GET COMP5SATION1 OR BO?4 ,?IS IS V]Y COMMON 9 ! WORKPLACE4 ,TAKE !FT -- ?AT WAS MY LITTLE JOKE4 ,9 EMBEZZLEM5T CASES1 = 9/ANCE1 ! MOTIVATION ISN'T ALWAYS GRE$3 IT MAY BE A GRIEVANCE AGA9/ ! BOSS OR ! COMPANY4.<#c#i.> ,WORK]S ALSO EXPROPRIATE ! EXPROPRIATORS 9 O!R WAYS1 BY WORK SL[D[NS1 ABS5TEEISM1 MAK+ P]SONAL USE ( COMPANY COMPUT]S & PHONE L9ES1 PILF]+ SUPPLIES1 ETC4 ,EXCEPT = ACTUALLY /EAL+ COMPANY PROP]TY1 !SE ME?ODS MAY SOMETIMES BE ILLEGAL BUT !Y >E USUALLY NOT CRIM9AL4 ,AT WOR/1 USUALLY Y\ GET FIR$1 NOT >RE/$4 ,BUT !SE TIME-HONOR$ =MS ( CLASS /RUGGLE >E SELF-HELP -- DIRECT ACTION -- & !Y ONLY DIFF] FROM CRIM9AL SELF-HELP 9 ?AT !Y'RE NOT SUBJECT TO CRIM9AL PROSECUTION4 

,I HAD AN EMPLOY]1 ! ,MI*IGAN ,C\RT ( ,APPEALS1 :I* ,I FELT WAS OPPRESS+ & 9SULT+ ME4 ,ALL ! O!R RESE>* ATTORNEYS FELT ! SAME WAY4 ,SO ,I MADE A L>GE NUMB] ( CO/LY LONG DI/ANCE CALLS TO MY BE/ FRI5D1 :O WAS LIV+ 9 ,SW$5 AT ! TIME4 ,I WAS SUSPECT$ -- :5 SOME?+ DISSID5T HAPP5S1 ,I'M ALWAYS SUSPECT$4 ,BUT EV5 APPELLATE C\RT JUDGES :O >E P]=CE EXP]TS 9 CRIM9AL LAW C\LDN'T ?9K ( A CRIME TO ACCUSE ME (4 ,! CL]K = ONE ( ! JUDGES TOLD ME ?AT HE SAW ON ! JUDGE'S DESK AN APPLICATION = A W>RANT = MY >RE/4 ,BUT ONE SPACE WAS LEFT BLANK3 ! SPACE = ! (F5SE4 

,! O!R ME?OD IS NONCOOP]ATION4 ,TACTICS LIKE WORK SL[D[NS & ABS5TEEISM >5'T USUALLY CRIMES4 ,NEI!R IS A R5T /RIKE4 ,WILLFUL REFUSAL TO PAY TAXES1 ?\<1 IS A CRIME4 ,DRAFT REFUSAL1 :5 !RE WAS A MILIT>Y DRAFT1 WAS A S]I\S CRIME4 ,REFUSAL TO REGI/] = ! DRAFT1 = M5 AG$ #a#h-#b#e1 IS /ILL A CRIME1 AL?\< DRAFT REGI/RATION AS A MEASURE ( MILIT>Y PREP>$NESS IS LAU<ABLE4 ,IT IS MORE A MATT] ( 9/ILL+ OB$I5CE = ITS [N SAKE4 ,I EXPECT !RE >E O!R EXAMPLES4 ,ANYBODY :O IS 9 A POSITION1 BY COV]T RETALIATION OR BY JU/ )HOLD+ COOP]ATION1 TO /RIKE BACK -- )\T COMMITT+ A CRIME -- NE$ NOT GO \T ( H] WAY TO RETALIATE BY COMMITT+ A CRIME4 ,UNLESS %E WANTS TO4 ,CRIME CAN BE A TRANSGRESSIVE ?RILL4 ,IT CAN MAKE Y\ FEEL BETT] AB\T Y\RSELF4 

,V5GEANCE 

,Y\ MI<T SAY1 >5'T Y\ TALK+ AB\T V5GEANCE8 ,I SAY1 YES1 ?AT'S P>T ( IT1 & :Y NOT8 ,V5GEANCE IS A UNIV]SAL SOCIAL PH5OM5ON4 ,ADAM ,SMI? WROTE ?AT 0RETALIATION SEEMS TO BE ! GREAT LAW ?AT IS DICTAT$ BY NATURE40 .<#d.> ,FRANCIS ,BACON WROTE ?AT 0REV5GE IS A K9D ( WILD JU/ICE40.<#d#a.> ,Y\ F9D IT EV5 9 AN>*I/ PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES4 ,LET'S TRY TO UND]/& :AT IT IS BE=E CONDEMN+ IT PREMATURELY4 

,V5GEANCE ISN'T JU/ AN EMOTIONAL \TBUR/4 ,( C\RSE EMOTION 5T]S 9TO IT1 BUT Y\ CAN SAY ?AT AB\T PRAY]1 OR LAU<T]1 OR GAMBL+1 OR ANY?+ ?AT PEOPLE DO4 ,9 FACT1 V5GEANCE IS MO/ EFFECTIVE :5 Y\ C>RY IT \T AFT] Y\R IMM$IATE ANG] DIES D[N4 ,AS !Y REPUT$LY SAY 9 ,SICILY1 0REV5GE IS A DI% BE/ EAT5 COLD40.<#d#b.> ,& IF ANYBODY UND]/&S REV5GE1 IT'S ! ,SICILIANS4 

,V5GEANCE ISN'T AN 9T]NALLY G5]AT$ IMPULSE4 ,V5GEANCE IS A RESPONSE4 ,IT'S A RESPONSE TO SOME?+ ?AT SOMEBODY DOES TO Y\ ?AT H>MS Y\ SOMEH[ & ?AT Y\ ?9K IS WRONG4 ,& :ILE EMOTION DOES 5T] 9TO IT1 (T51 SO DOES CALCULATION4 ,V5GEANCE IS REALLY JU/ CRIM9AL SELF-HELP :]E ! PURPOSE IS MA9LY GETT+ EV51 NOT GETT+ COMP5SAT$4 

,IS ?AT IRRATIONAL8 ,NOT NECESS>ILY4 ,IF HONOR IS A HI< VALUE = Y\1 AS IT IS = ME1 GETT+ EV5 MAY BE MORE IMPORTANT ?AN GETT+ COMP5SAT$4 ,UNAV5G$ WRONGS CAN RANKLE EV5 TO ! PO9T ( PHYSICAL DI/RESS4 ,BUT 9 MANY CASES1 :E!R Y\'RE T\*Y AB\T Y\R HONOR OR NOT1 GETT+ COMP5SAT$ ISN'T POSSIBLE ANYWAY -- = REASONS PREVI\SLY DISCUSS$4 ,?AT DOESN'T MEAN Y\ HAVE TO LET ! BA/>D GET (F SCOT FREE4 

,SOME ( MY 5EMIES HAVE GOTT5 AWAY ) PL5TY1 BUT MY RETALIATION HURT !M1 SOMETIMES P]MAN5TLY4 ,IT MAY NOT BE ALL !Y'VE GOT COM+1 BUT1 = ALL !Y KN[1 ,I'M NOT ?R\< ) !M4 ,!Y WORRY AB\T ?AT4 ,!Y REALLY DO4 ,& !Y %\LD4 ,& EV]Y TIME !Y WORRY AB\T ME1 ?AT PUNI%ES !M A LITTLE BIT MORE4 ,!RE >E SOME PEOPLE WORRY+ RI<T N[1 JU/ BECAUSE ,I'M 9 T[N4.<#d#c.> 

,EXTRALEGAL RETALIATION IS ONE =M ( AN HONOR$ AN>*I/ PRACTICE1 DIRECT ACTION4 ,ANYBODY :O ?9KS V5GEANCE CAN'T BE AN APPROPRIATE AN>*I/ RESPONSE1 %\LD ?9K AB\T ! ,WOBBLY SLOGAN3 0,WE NEV] =GET40 ,OR CONSID] ! AN>*I/ BOMB+S & ASSASS9ATIONS ( ! LATE #a#i? & E>LY #b? C5TURIES1 :I* W]E (T5 ANN\NC$ TO BE REPRISALS = SPECIFIC /ATE ACTIONS1 (T5 ACTIONS TAK5 AGA9/ AN>*I/S4 ,SOME AN>*I/S N[ QUE/ION ! MORALITY OR PRUD5CE ( !SE ATT5TATS1 BUT ! HI/ORY AT LEA/ %[S ?AT CRIM9AL SELF-HELP AS V5GEANCE IS P>T ( ! AN>*I/ TRADITION4 

,CRIM9AL SELF-HELP HAS ANO!R ADVANTAGE OV] RESORT TO ! LAW4 ,Y\ RETA9 Y\R AUTONOMY & POSSIBLY EV5 HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY = CREATIVITY4 ,IF Y\ GO TO ! POLICE1 ?AT'S ALL Y\ CAN DO4 ,:ATEV] HAPP5S AFT] ?AT1 IF ANY?+ DOES1 IS \T ( Y\R H&S4 ,Y\ MAY EV5 BE DISADVANTAG$ IF Y\ LAT] RESORT TO PRIVATE RETALIATION BECAUSE Y\ HAVE1 9 ADVANCE1 NOTIFI$ ! POLICE ?AT Y\ >E A SUSPECT IF SOME?+ HAPP5S TO Y\R 5EMY4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 Y\ GO 9 = DO-IT-Y\RSELF JU/ICE RI<T FROM ! GET-GO1 Y\ >E AT LEA/ SELF-SUFFICI5T4 

,I M5TION$ CREATIVITY4 ,LET ME PROVIDE A P]SONAL ANECDOTE4 ,I LIV$ 9 AN AP>TM5T BUILD+ 7?IS WAS 9 ,OAKL&7 :]E ,I HAD AN OBNOXI\S UP/AIRS NEI<BOR4 ,WE HAD SEV]AL HO/ILE 5C\NT]S4 ,ONCE1 ,I WAS WALK+ ALONG & CUTT+ ?R\< A CORN] P>K+ LOT1 & ?IS GUY DROVE BY1 HE TURN$ 9TO ! P>K+ LOT1 & TRI$ TO RUN ME D[N4 ,PROBABLY HE W\LDN'T REALLY HAVE DONE ?AT1 BUT1 Y\ RUN AWAY SC>$ ALL ! SAME4 ,SOME?+ ,I DID GET \T ( ?IS EXP]I5CE1 H[EV]1 WAS ?AT N[ ,I KNEW :I* C> WAS HIS4 ,NATURALLY HE P>K$ IT NE> ! AP>TM5T4 ,MY FEEL+ AB\T HIS C> WAS1 :5 A *ILD ABUSES HIS TOYS1 Y\ TAKE !M AWAY FROM HIM4 ,SO ,I SLA%$ HIS TIRES4 ,?IS IS :AT ,I CALL 0IRONIC JU/ICE40 ,I MU/ CONFESS1 SLA%+ TIRES HAS BE5 A S\RCE ( SATISFACTION TO ME ON MORE ?AN ONE OCCASION4 

,?IS 9DIVIDUAL SOON MOV$ AWAY4 0,AVOIDANCE10 MOV+ AWAY1 IS1 ACCORD+ TO ,SALLY ,5GLE ,M]RY1 ! ULTIMATE RESOLUTION ( MO/ ( ! DISPUTES 9 H] /UDY1 ! ONES ?AT POLICE & C\RTS NEV] RESOLV$4.<#d#d.> ,IT WAS ! RESOLUTION ( MY [N DISPUTE ) C]TA9 LEFTI/ G5TRY 9 ! ,BAY ,>EA4 

,V5DETTAS & ,FEUDS 

,AT ?IS PO9T ,I %\LD M5TION V5DETTAS & FEUDS1 :I* MI<T BE DEF9$1 R\<LY1 AS RECIPROCAL V5GEANCE BETWE5 GR\PS4 ,!Y />T \T AS CONFLICTS BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS :O BELONG TO DIFF]5T GR\PS & ESCALATE 9TO CONFLICTS BETWE5 ! GR\PS ?AT !Y BELONG TO4 ,! RETALIATION MAY NOT BE AGA9/ ! ORIG9AL (F5D]4 ,REV5GE MI<T BE TAK5 AGA9/ ANY ADULT MALE 9 HIS GR\P1 :I* IS USUALLY A K9%IP GR\P 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES4 ,BUT IT CAN ALSO TAKE PLACE 9 MOD]N SOCIETIES1 = EXAMPLE1 BETWE5 RIVAL Y\? GANGS1 OR FEUD+ ,MAFIA FAMILIES4 ,SOMETIMES FEUDS P]SI/ = MORE ?AN A G5]ATION1 BUT USUALLY NOT4 ,! FAM\S FEUD BETWE5 ! ,MC,COYS & ! ,HATFIELDS LA/$ #ab YE>S1 ) #ab FATALITIES4.<#d#e.> ,9 ONE CASE ON A ,PACIFIC ISL&1 IT WAS #bbe YE>S UNTIL ! F9AL ACT ( RETALIATION4 .<#d#f.> ,!RE !Y REALLY NEV] =GET4 

,ALL ,I WANT TO SAY AB\T ?AT IS ?AT !SE ACTIVITIES CAN'T USUALLY BE SAID TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS OR MA9TA9 SOCIAL ORD]1 EXCEPT :]E ONE SIDE EXT]M9ATES ! O!R1 OR BO? SIDES JU/ GET TIR$ ( IT1 AS HAPP5$ ) ! ,MC,COY-,HATFIELD FEUD4 ,FEUD+ HAS A C]TA9 ROMANTIC APPEAL = ME1 MAYBE BECAUSE ,I LONG = A GR\P :I* W\LD BACK ME UP4 ,I'VE NEV] HAD ONE4 ,V5DETTA & FEUD >5'T LIKELY EV5 TO >ISE 9 MOD]N SOCIETIES BECAUSE WE DON'T USUALLY HAVE K9%IP GR\PS1 JU/ SOME RELATIVES1 OR O!R SOLID>Y GR\PS TO CALL UPON4 

,RISKS & ,CO/S ( ,CRIM9AL ,SELF-,HELP 

,9 SAY+ ALL ( ?IS1 ,I'M NOT SAY+ ?AT CRIME1 CONSID]$ AS SELF-HELP CONFLICT RESOLUTION1 OR SOCIAL CONTROL1 IS ALWAYS1 OR EV5 (T51 A GOOD IDEA4 ,IT 9VOLVES RISKS & CO/S4 ,!RE'S ALWAYS ! RISK ?AT ! VICTIM1 IF HE KN[S OR SUSPECTS :O Y\ >E1 WILL RETALIATE1 IF HE CAN4 ,& !RE'S ! ADDITIONAL RISK ( GETT+ >RE/$1 AS ,FRANCIS ,BACON P]SPICU\SLY OBS]V$3 0,! MO/ TOL]ABLE SORT ( REV5GE IS = ?OSE WRONGS :I* !RE IS NO LAW TO REM$Y3 BUT !N LET A MAN TAKE HE$1 ! REV5GE BE SU* AS !RE IS NO LAW TO PUNI%1 ELSE A MAN'S 5EMY IS /ILL BE=EH&1 & IT IS TWO = ONE40.<#d#g.> 

,I'VE EXPLA9$ ?AT ! RISK IS L[] IF ! CRIME IS BETWE5 9TIMATES1 ESPECIALLY IF !Y >E ( L[ /ATUS4 ,! POLICE >E !N MU* LESS LIKELY TO MAKE AN >RE/4 ,BUT ! ,V]A ,9/ITUTE /UDY W\LD HAVE HAD NO?+ TO /UDY1 IF ,NEW ,YORK'S ,F9E/ HADN'T >RE/$1 9 ONE YE>1 T5S ( ?\S&S ( FELONY SUSPECTS :O HAD PRIOR RELATION%IPS ) ! VICTIM4 ,9 !SE CASES1 IF Y\'RE >RE/$ & PROSECUT$1 & CONVICT$1 Y\ MAY EXPECT A RELATIVELY L5I5T S5T5CE4 ,BUT NOBODY LIKES TO BE >RE/$1 PROSECUT$1 CONVICT$ & S5T5C$1 EV5 IF Y\ RECEIVE A L5I5T S5T5CE4 

,9 SAY+ ?IS ,I HOPE ,I'VE ANTICIPAT$ ! *>GE ?AT ,I'M ROMANTICIZ+ CRIME ! WAY SOME AN>*I/S1 SU* AS ,BAKUN91 HAVE BE5 ACCUS$ ( DO+4 ,I'M NOT BR++ 9 ,ROB9 ,HOOD OR ,ZORRO OR SO-CALL$ SOCIAL B&ITS4.<#d#h.> ,I'M NOT IMPLY+ ?AT !RE IS ANY?+ 9H]5TLY AN>*I/ AB\T CRIME4 ,:]E PR(ESSIONAL CRIM9ALS >E 9VOLV$1 CRIM9ALS & POLICE CAN GET SO 9T]M+L$ ?AT IT'S H>D TO TELL !M AP>T4 ,:]E POLICE 9FILTRATE RADICAL GR\PS1 SOMETIMES !IR AG5TS GET C>RI$ AWAY1 NOT ONLY 9CIT+ BUT COMMITT+ CRIMES4 

,SO MY >GUM5T DOESN'T DEP5D ON REG>D+ CRIM9ALS AS UNCONSCI\S REVOLUTION>IES4 ,I ?9K ?AT'S RIDICUL\S4 ,ONLY LEFTI/ 9TELLECTUALS1 :O C\LDN'T GET !MSELVES >RE/$ IF !Y TRI$1 BELIEVE ?AT4 ,CRIM9ALS >E MO/LY ORD9>Y PEOPLE1 & ORD9>Y PEOPLE >5'T UNCONSCI\S REVOLUTION>IES EI!R1 DESPITE :AT Y\ MAY HAVE HE>D FROM Y\R FRI5DLY NEI<BORHOOD CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/4 ,!Y >E ORD9>Y PEOPLE :O VICTIMIZE O!R ORD9>Y PEOPLE4 ,V]Y FEW >E PSY*OPA?S1 & EV5 FEW] >E REVOLUTION>IES4 ,!Y DON'T ROB FROM ! RI* & GIVE TO ! POOR4 ,!Y R>ELY GET TO ROB FROM ! RI*4 ,! RI* >E H>D5$ T>GETS4 ,& :5 ! POOR DO ROB FROM ! RI*1 OR FROM ! POOR1 !Y DON'T GIVE TO ! POOR4 ,!Y KEEP OR F5CE ! SWAG4 ,AB\T ! ONLY ?+ ?AT MAY DI/+UI% CRIM9ALS FROM O!R PEOPLE IS !IR1 ON AV]AGE1 SOME:AT LESS] SELF-CONTROL1 !IR GREAT] IMPULSIVITY4.<#d#i.> ,:I* MAY MEAN NO?+ MORE ?AN ?AT !Y >E MORE LIKELY TO GET CAU<T4 ,\RS IS A 0WORLD 9 :I* ! =TUNATE >E SO V]Y (T5 ! M]ELY NOT F\ND \T40 .<#e.> ,AFT] ALL1 WE >E ALL CRIM9ALS4 

,IS ,CRIM9AL ,SELF-,HELP ,JU/8 

,CRIM9AL SELF-HELP MEANS ?AT PEOPLE :O ?9K ?AT !Y'VE BE5 WRONG$1 TAKE ! LAW 9TO !IR [N H&S4 ,IT'S NOT A PRACTICE :I* IS NECESS>ILY MORE FAIR ?AN PUTT+ A CASE 9TO ! CRIM9AL JU/ICE SY/EM4 ,!RE'S A LEGAL ADAGE ?AT NO ONE %\LD BE ! JUDGE 9 HIS [N CASE4 ,BUT 9 CASES ( SELF-HELP ?R\< CRIME1 ?AT'S EXACTLY :AT HAPP5S4 ,IT'S LIKE ! TITLE ( ! FIR/ ,MIKE ,HAMM] ?RILL]3 ,I1 ! ,JURY4 ,!RE ISN'T ANY DUE PROCESS ( LAW 9 SELF-HELP CASES4 ,AS ,DONALD ,BLACK SAYS1 CRIM9AL SELF-HELP IS 0! EXPRESSION ( A GRIEVANCE BY UNILAT]AL AGGRESSION40.<#e#a.> ,Y\ DON'T HAVE ANY RI<TS :5 Y\R 5EMY IS Y\R SELF-APPO9T$ JUDGE4 

,H[EV]1 ,I W\LD MAKE ?REE PO9TS 9 DEF5SE ( SELF-HELP JU/ICE1 CONSID]$ AS JU/ICE3 

,! FIR/ PO9T1 :I* IS P]HAPS LESS ?AN COMPELL+1 IS ?AT ! CRIM9AL1 9 A CASE BETWE5 9TIMATES1 AT LEA/ KN[S ALL AB\T HIS PRIOR RELATION%IP ) ! VICTIM :I* IS ! REAL BASIS ( ! DISPUTE4 ,IT IS O!RWISE 9 CRIM9AL C\RT1 :]E 0FACTS ?AT >E RELEVANT TO RE/OR+ A BALANCE1 SU* AS ! PA/ HI/ORY ( ! DISPUTE & ! COMMUNITY REPUTATION ( ! DISPUTANTS1 MAY BE EXCLUD$ AS IRRELEVANT TO ! P>TICUL> CASE40.<#e#b.> ,! AV5G] IS BIAS$1 BUT AT LEA/ HE'S FULLY 9=M$ AB\T ! 9T]P]SONAL CONTEXT ( ! CRIME1 :]EAS ! JUDGE IS NOT1 BECAUSE MO/ ( ?AT CONTEXT IS LEGALLY IRRELEVANT4 

,! SECOND PO9T IS ?AT1 9 A LEGAL SY/EM :]E MO/ FELONIES & ALMO/ NO MISDEMEANORS COME TO TRIAL1 ! VICTIM OR COMPLA9ANT USUALLY GETS LITTLE OR NO DUE PROCESS FROM ! LAW EI!R4 ,! BODY ( LAW IS SO MASSIVE ?AT1 0IF ALL ! LAWS W]E TO BE 5=C$1 PEOPLE W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO MOVE4 ,!Y CAN DO SO ONLY BECAUSE ! POLICE & ! C\RTS USE DISCRETION40.<#e#c.> ,! SY/EM IS %OT ?R\< ) DISCRETION FROM />T TO F9I%4 ,POLICE DON'T HAVE TO >RE/ ANYBODY1 & PROSECUTORS DON'T HAVE TO *>GE ANYBODY4 ,?OSE DECISIONS >E UNILAT]AL ON !IR P>T1 & HAV+ MADE !M1 !Y >E ANSW]ABLE TO NOBODY4 ,! COMPLA9ANT OR VICTIM HAS NO MEAN+FUL OPPORTUNITY1 AFT] COMPLA9+1 TO BE 9VOLV$ 9 !SE DECISIONS4 

,! M9IMUM DEF9ITION ( PROC$URAL DUE PROCESS1 ACCORD+ TO ,AM]ICAN CON/ITUTIONAL LAW1 IS NOTICE ( A CONTEMPLAT$ ACTION & ! OPPORTUNITY TO BE HE>D4.<#e#d.> ,IF AN >RE/ IS MADE & IF *>GES >E FIL$1 ! COMPLA9ANT OR VICTIM HAS NO NOTICE (1 OR OPPORTUNITY TO BE HE>D AT1 ! DECISION TO PROSECUTE OR NOT1 :I* WILL BE ! PRIVATE1 UNILAT]AL DECISION ( A PROSECUTOR4 ,AT A CRIM9AL TRIAL1 DUE PROCESS %9ES =? 9 ALL ITS GLORY -- SOMETIMES4 ,BUT CRIM9AL TRIALS >E R>E4 ,& ! COMPLA9ANT_/VICTIM GETS NO SPECIAL CONSID]ATION !RE4 ,HE OR %E IS ONLY A WITNESS1 NOT A P>TICIPANT4.<#e#e.> 

,! ?IRD1 & MAYBE ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9T1 IS ?AT ! CRIM9AL JU/ICE SY/EM IS BIAS$1 NOT 9 A P]SONAL WAY1 BUT 9 AN 9/ITUTIONAL WAY4 ,I DISCUSS$ ?AT E>LI]1 DRAW+ UPON ,DONALD ,BLACK'S WRIT+S & O!R /UDIES4 ,! SY/EM IS SY/EMATICALLY DISCRIM9ATORY4 ,IT ADVANTAGES 0,REPEAT ,PLAY]S10 REGUL> US]S ( ! C\RTS -- SU* AS PROSECUTORS1 L&LORDS1 & CR$ITORS -- AS AGA9/ 0,ONE ,%OTT]S10 PEOPLE ) LITTLE OR NO PRIOR EXP]I5CE ) ! LEGAL SY/EM4 ,:5 ! ,ONE-,%OTT]S 5C\NT] IT1 !Y >E USUALLY ON ! RECEIV+ 5D1 AS DEF5DANTS -- !SE 9CLUDE ACCUS$ CRIM9ALS1 T5ANTS1 & DEBTORS4.<#e#f.> 

,! SY/EM IS BIAS$ 9 FAVOR ( ! HI<] /ATUS P]SON1 :E!R CRIM9AL OR VICTIM1 AS AGA9/ ! L[] /ATUS P]SON1 :E!R CRIM9AL OR VICTIM4 ,IT'S BIAS$ AGA9/ L[] /ATUS PEOPLE G5]ALLY1 :5 !Y HAVE DISPUTES1 :I* >5'T TAK5 S]I\SLY1 ESPECIALLY IF !SE PEOPLE >5'T :ITE4 

,EV5 ! /ATE'S LAW RECOGNIZES :AT IS CALL$ ! ,RULE ( ,NECESSITY3 EV5 IF A JUDGE IS BIAS$1 HE MU/ DECIDE ! CASE BE=E HIM IF NO O!R JUDGE HAS JURISDICTION4.<#e#g.> ,9 O!R WORDS3 BETT] LAW )\T DUE PROCESS ?AN NO LAW AT ALL4 ,( C\RSE1 ! ,NECESSITY DOESN'T ALLEVIATE ! UNFAIRNESS4 ,9 ! LEAD+ ,AM]ICAN CASE ANN\NC+ ! ,RULE ( ,NECESSITY1 ,*ANCELLOR ,JAMES ,K5T ( ,NEW ,YORK HAD TO DECIDE A CASE -- BECAUSE NOBODY ELSE WAS AU?ORIZ$ TO -- TO :I* HIS BRO!R-9-LAW WAS A P>TY4.<#e#h.> ,GUESS :O WON8 ,IF MY >GUM5TS HAVE ANY M]IT1 !RE >E MANY PEOPLE :O FACE A SIMIL> *OICE4 ,( C\RSE !Y'RE BIAS$1 !Y >E VICTIMS ( CRIME1 OR ( ABUSES IGNOR$ BY ! LAW1 BUT NOBODY ELSE IS GO+ TO DEAL ) !IR GRIEVANCES4 ,?AT'S :Y !RE'S SO MU* CRIM9AL SELF-HELP4 ,IT IS1 = SOME1 A FELT ,NECESSITY4 

,:I* ,IS ,BETT]8 

,9 A LAW-RIDD5 /ATE SOCIETY SU* AS \RS1 NEI!R LAW NOR CRIME IS ALWAYS ! BE/ WAY TO DEAL ) DISPUTES4 ,D]IV+ AS !Y BO? DO FROM ! /ATE1 LAW & CRIME COMPETE TO BE ! LESS] EVIL4 ,!RE ISN'T ANY G5]AL ANSW]4 ,IT ALL DEP5DS ON ! NATURE ( ! DISPUTE1 ! SOCIAL /ATUS ( ! DISPUTANTS1 :AT ! LAW ACTUALLY IS1 ! AVAILABILITY OR UNAVAILABILITY ( ?IRD P>TIES SU* AS M$IATORS OR >BITRATORS OR JUDGES1 & ! FACTS ( ! CASE4.<#e#i.> ,NOBODY HAS EV5 TRI$ TO MEASURE TO :AT EXT5T SOCIAL ORD] 9 ?IS SOCIETY DEP5DS ON LAW 5=CEM5T1 OR ON CRIME1 OR ON ACTIVITY :I* IS NEI!R LAW 5=CEM5T NOR CRIME1 OR ON O!R 9FLU5CES4 ,?AT'S IMPOSSIBLE4 ,NOBODY C\LD QUANTIFY !SE FACTORS4 ,BUT NOBODY :O IS WELL-9=M$ CAN M9IMIZE ! IMPORTANCE ( ANY ( !M1 ) ! POSSIBLE EXCEPTION ( ! 5=CEM5T ( ! CRIM9AL LAW4 

,CONCLUSION 

,MY >GUM5T IS JU/ ?IS3 ?AT1 9 A /ATI/1 LAW-RIDD5 SOCIETY LIKE \RS1 SOCIAL ORD] ISN'T ONLY1 OR EV5 MA9LY1 IMPOS$ BY LAW4 ,IT HAS O!R SUPPORTS4 ,! ONE ,I'VE S+L$ \T IS CRIME1 = TWO REASONS3 7#a7 BECAUSE IT'S BE5 L>GELY OV]LOOK$1 & 7#b7 BECAUSE IT'S A G5U9ELY AN>*I/ S\RCE ( ORD] :I* IS ( SOME IMPORTANCE4 

,I ?9K ?AT ?IS >GUM5T %\LD BE ADD$ TO ! EXI/+ >GUM5TS :Y AN>*Y DOESN'T MEAN *AOS4 ,IT'S CONSI/5T ) ! O!R >GUM5TS4 ,IT IS ANTICIPAT$ BY ,KROPOTK9'S CLASSIC >GUM5T ?AT COLLECTIVE SELF-HELP1 0MUTUAL AID10 IS A MAJOR S\RCE ( SOCIAL ORD] EV5 9 /ATE SOCIETIES1.<#f.> AL?\< ,KROPOTK9 MADE LITTLE IF ANY REF]5CE TO MUTUAL AID AS A MEANS ( DISPUTE RESOLUTION4 ,AN>*I/S ALSO >GUE ?AT 9 A COOP]ATIVE1 EGALIT>IAN SOCIETY1 !RE W\LD BE MU* LESS CRIME 7& VIRTUALLY NO PROP]TY CRIME74 ,:AT'S LEFT W\LD BE H&L$1 :5EV] POSSIBLE1 9 A LESS PUNITIVE & MORE CONCILIATORY MANN]4 

,9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 A CONFLICT ISN'T WR5*$ \T ( ITS 9T]P]SONAL CONTEXT -- IF IT HAS ONE -- AS1 WE SUPPOSE1 9 A DEC5TRALIZ$ AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 IT USUALLY WILL4 ,!RE DOESN'T HAVE TO BE A JUDGM5T ( GUILT OR 9NOC5CE4 ,AN>*I/ ME?ODS WORK BE/ :]E ! LAW IS AT ITS WOR/1 :]E ! CONFLICT OR GRIEVANCE 9VOLVES A DISPUTE1 NOT IMP]SONAL UNILAT]AL AGGRESSION1 & >ISES \T ( A PRIOR RELATION%IP4 ,! EVID5CE ( AN?ROPOLOGY SUPPORTS ?OSE >GUM5TS4 ,IT SUPPORTS MY >GUM5T4 

,! POPUL> FE> ( AN>*ISM ABOVE ALL CONSI/S ( ! FE> ?AT1 )\T MILIT>Y & POLICE PROTECTION1 PEOPLE W\LD BE HELPLESS AGA9/ VIOL5T PR$ATION4 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A SAW ?IS1 AS HE SAW MANY ?+S1 CLE>LY3 EV]Y AN>*I/ 0IS FAMILI> ) ! KEY OBJECTIONS3 :O WILL KEEP CRIM9ALS 9 *ECK80 

,HE BELIEV$ !IR DANG] TO BE1 AS ,I DO1 GREATLY EXAGG]AT$4 ,BUT 7HE GOES ON TO SAY7 0DEL9QU5CY0 WILL 0C]TA9LY NOT DISAPPE> FOLL[+ A REVOLUTION1 H[EV] RADICAL & ?OR\<GO+ IT MAY TURN \T TO BE40 ,!RE=E3 0,IT IS WOR?:ILE & 9DE$ NECESS>Y ?AT AN>*I/S %\LD CONSID] ! PROBLEM 9 GREAT] DETAIL ?AN !Y NORMALLY DO1 NOT ONLY ! BETT] TO DEAL ) A POPUL> 'OBJECTION' BUT 9 ORD] NOT TO EXPOSE !MSELVES TO UNPLEASANT SURPRISES & DANG]\S CONTRADICTIONS40.<#f#a.> ,SAGE ADVICE3 BUT AN>*I/S HAVE USUALLY SLI<T$ ! MATT]4.<#f#b.> 

,WE NE$ TO CONFRONT ! POPUL> FE> ( AN>*ISM HEAD-ON1 & USE EV]Y HONE/ >GUM5T TO DISPEL IT4 ,MO/ ( ! TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ ANSW]S /ILL HAVE SOME VALIDITY -- AL?\< !Y NE$ TO BE CRITICALLY REVIS$ & MOD]NIZ$4 ,BUT !SE ANSW]S HAVE OBVI\SLY FAIL$ TO CONV9CE MORE ?AN A FEW PEOPLE -- AS1 9DE$1 ALL \R >GUM5TS HAVE FAIL$ TO CONV9CE MORE ?AN A FEW PEOPLE4 

,! SUPPOS$ PROTECTIONS ( ! LAW >E OV]RAT$1 & AN>*I/S HAVE OV]LOOK$ SOME ( ! EVID5CE ( ?IS4.<#f#c.> ,! PR$ATORY PR$ILECTIONS ( SOME PEOPLE >E EXAGG]AT$ BY ! LAW-&-ORD] E/ABLI%M5T & !IR ACADEMIC CAMP FOLL[]S1 AL?\<1 WE %\LDN'T PRET5D ?AT !RE >5'T SOME BAD GUYS1 OR ?AT !Y WILL ALL RESPOND WELL TO LOVE & !RAPY4.<#f#d.> ,! CAPACITIES ( PEOPLE SELF-ACT+1 9DIVIDUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY1 = SELF-PROTECTION HAVE BE5 UND]RAT$4 ,PEOPLE >E ALREADY OP]AT+1 USUALLY AP>T FROM ! LAW1 & (T5 AGA9/ ! LAW1 9 V>I\S WAYS TO RESOLVE !IR CONFLICTS4 ,?IS IS :AT WE %\LD TRY TO CONV9CE PEOPLE (4 ,!Y %\LD BE 9=M$ ?AT 0AN>*Y IS F\ND 9 ALL SOCIETIES TO SOME DEGREE40.<#f#e.> ,& ?AT !RE W\LD BE EFFECTIVE WAYS 9 AN>*I/ SOCIETY TO DEAL ) ! DISPUTES1 :I* MAY ALWAYS BE ) US1 :I* >ISE 9 EV]YDAY LIFE1 & ALSO -- MORE SEV]ELY -- WAYS TO DEAL ) *RONIC PR$ATORS OR PEOPLE :O JU/ HAVE NO SELF-CONTROL4 

,I AM NOT CONV9C$ ?AT !RE SO MANY *RONIC TR\BLEMAK]S1 EV5 N[1 ?AT 5\< ( !M C\LDN'T BE CONV9C$1 CUR$1 OR CONTA9$2 OR %AM$ & %UNN$2 OR RUN \T ( T[N2 OR AS A LA/ RESORT -- & ,I ACCEPT ?IS1 AS ALL PRIMITIVE /ATELESS SOCIETIES HAVE APP>5TLY ACCEPT$ IT -- EV5 KILL$1 RA!R ?AN COMPROMISE ! AN>*ISM ?AT EV]YBODY ELSE WANTS TO LIVE1 OR TRY TO LIVE1 IF EV]YBODY ELSE EV] WANTS TO LIVE ?IS WAY1 OR AT LEA/ TO GO ALONG ) ?OSE ( US :O DO4 ,9DISCRIM9ATE TOL]ANCE DID 9 ! ,FL[] ,*ILDR54 ,IF ! *OICE IS BETWE5 ,HANNIBAL ,LE*T] & AN>*Y1 ,I PREF] AN>*Y M9US ,HANNIBAL ,LE*T]4 

,BUT1 ?IS ISSUE IS MORE SILLY ?AN S]I\S4 ,ONE ( ! GREATE/ IRONIES ( /ATE SOCIETY IS ?AT ! /ATE IS MU* WORSE AT PROTECT+ US ?AN IT IS AT PREV5T+ US FROM PROTECT+ \RSELVES4.<#f#f.> ,AS ,FRANCIS ,BACON PUT IT1 :]E Y\ HAD ONE 5EMY1 N[ Y\ HAVE TWO4 ,& ! /ATE IS BE/ ( ALL AT PROTECT+ ! /ATE4 ,UND] AN>*Y1 !RE WILL BE ONLY ONE 5EMY1 & Y\1 & Y\R FRI5DS1 & ! FRI5DS ( AN>*Y WILL DEAL ) ! COMMON 5EMY1 FEEL+ A S5SE ( SOLID>ITY1 JU/ LIKE ,DURKHEIM SAID6 

,:AT ,BACON CALL$ WILD JU/ICE IS BETT] ?AN NO JU/ICE AT ALL4 ,I LIKE MY JU/ICE TO BE A LITTLE WILD4 ,= ALL ITS DRAWBACKS1 TAK+ ! LAW 9TO Y\R [N H&S CAN BE A S\RCE ( SATISFACTION1 EV5 EXHIL>ATION1 ?AT Y\ JU/ CAN'T GET BY WORK+ ?R\< ! SY/EM4 ,I E>LI] 9SI/$1 & ,I /ILL DO1 ?AT V5GEANCE ISN'T JU/ A REFLEXIVE1 EMOTIONAL LA%+-\T4 ,BUT NEI!R IS V5GEANCE JU/ ! RESULT ( A COLD CO/-B5EFIT ANALYSIS4 ,IT HAS AN EMOTIONAL DIM5SION1 & :Y NOT8 ,IT'S EXPRESSIVE AS WELL AS 9/RUM5TAL4 ,V5GEANCE CAN BE EMP[]+4 ,ALONG ) ! JU/ICE ( V5GEANCE1 !RE'S ! JOY ( V5GEANCE4 ,& ISN'T AN>*ISM ! ONLY POLITICS ( JOY8 

  

.<#a.> 0,9TRODUCTION BY ,H[>D ,Z9N3 ,! ,>T ( ,REVOLUTION10 9 ,H]B]T ,READ1 ,AN>*Y @& ,ORD]3 ,ESSAYS 9 ,POLITICS 7,BO/ON3 ,BEACON ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#a71 XV4 0,LAW & ORD] IS ! HI/ORICAL ILLUSION2 LAW V]SUS ORD] IS ! HI/ORICAL REALITY40 ,/ANLEY ,DIAMOND1 0,! ,RULE ( ,LAW V]SUS ! ,ORD] ( ,CU/OM10 ,! ,RULE ( ,LAW1 $4 ,ROB]T ,PAUL ,WOLFF 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,T\*/ONE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#a71 #a#d2 SEE ALSO ,$G> ,Z4 ,FRI$5B]G1 0,! ,SIDE ,EFFECTS ( ! ,LEGAL ,PROCESS10 IBID41 #d#e4 

.<#b.> ,SEE1 E4G41 0,LAW & ,AU?ORITY10 ,KROPOTK9'S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,PAMPHLETS1 $4 ,ROG] ,N4 ,BALDW9 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DOV] ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g71 #b#a#f-#a#g @& PASSIM4 ,9 ! TIMELESS WORDS ( ,*ICAGO ,MAYOR ,RI*>D ,DALEY3 0,! POLICE >E NOT H]E TO CREATE DISORD]2 !Y'RE H]E TO MA9TA9 DISORD]40 ,QUOT$ 9 ,G]TRUDE ,BLOCK1 0,LANGUAGE ,TIPS10 ,NEW ,YORK ,/ATE ,B> ,ASS'N ,J\RNAL #h#c7#e7 7,JUNE #b#a#a71 #e#g4 

.<#c.> ,EMILE ,DURKHEIM1 ,! ,DIVISION ( ,LABOR 9 ,SOCIETY1 TR4 ,GEORGE ,SIMPSON 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#c#c71 #a#b4 0,CRIME HAS ! USEFUL FUNCTION ( MA9TA9+ !SE .<COLLECTIVE.> S5TIM5TS AT ! SAME DEGREE ( 9T5SITY1 = !Y W\LD SOON DIM9I% IF (F5SES AGA9/ !M W]E NOT PUNI%$40 ,EMILE ,DURKHEIM1 ,! ,RULES ( ,SOCIOLOGICAL ,ME?OD1 $4 ,GEORGE ,E4,G4 ,CATL91 TR4 ,S>AH ,A4 ,SOLOVAY @& ,JOHN ,MUELL] 7#h? $42 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,FREE ,PRESS ( ,GL5COE1 #a#i#f#d71 #i#f4 ,A SIMIL> VIEW HAS BE5 ATTRIBUT$ TO ,GEORG ,SIMMEL BY ,LEWIS ,COS]1 ,! ,FUNCTIONS ( ,SOCIAL ,CONFLICT 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,FREE ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#f71 #a#b#g2 SEE ,GEORG ,SIMMEL1 ,SOCIOLOGY3 ,9QUIRIES 9TO ! ,CON/RUCTION ( ,SOCIAL ,=MS1 TR4 @& $4 ,AN?ONY ,J4 ,BLASI1 ,ANTON ,K4 ,JACOBS @& ,MA!W ,KANJIRA?9KAL 7,LEID51 ,NE!RL&S @& ,BO/ON1 ,M,A3 ,BRILL1 #b#i71 #a3 #bi 7REF]R+ TO 0! IMPORTANCE ( A COMMON OPPON5T = ! 9N] COHESION ( A GR\P07 @& #a3 #bgi FF4 

.<#d.> ,SEE1 E4G41 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 ,:AT ,IS ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM8 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DOV] ,PUBLICATIONS1 #a#i#g#b71 #a#h#f2 ,RUDOLF ,ROCK]1 ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM 7,LONDON3 ,PLUTO ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i71 #a#i4 

.<#e.> 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL AS A ,DEP5D5T ,V>IABLE10 9 ,T[>DS A ,G5]AL ,!ORY ( ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL1 $4 ,DONALD ,BLACK 7#b VOLS42 ,ORL&O1 ,F,L3 ,ACADEMIC ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d71 #a3 #c4 ,MY >GUM5T [ES A GREAT DEAL TO ,DONALD ,BLACK1 0,CRIME AS ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL10 9 ,T[>DS A ,G5]AL ,!ORY ( ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL1 #b3 #a-#b#g4  
 ,HALF ( ALL CRIMES >E NOT EV5 REPORT$ TO ! POLICE4 ,JAMES ,F4 ,&]SON @& ,L>ONI/9E ,DYSON1 ,CRIM9OLOGICAL ,!ORIES3 ,UND]/&+ ,CRIME 9 ,AM]ICA 7,LANHAM1 ,M,D3 ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS ( ,AM]ICA1 #b#b71 #c#g4 ,?IS /ATI/IC REF]S TO ! SEV5 09DEX0 CRIMES -- ALL FELONY 0/REET0 CRIMES -- 9 ! ,UNI=M ,CRIME ,REPORTS COMPIL$ BY ! ,F,B,I4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,NATIONAL ,CRIME ,SURVEY 7BAS$ ON SELF-REPORTS71 9 #aihb 7! ANNUAL V>IATION IS SLI<T71 #c#i.0 ( AGGRAVAT$ ASSAULTS1 #d#b.0 ( ROBB]IES1 #d#e.0 ( RAPES1 & #d#i.0 ( BURGL>IES W]E NOT REPORT$ TO ! POLICE4 ,MI*AEL ,R4 ,GOTTFR$SON @& ,TRAVIS ,HIRS*I1 ,A ,G5]AL ,!ORY ( ,CRIME 7,/AN=D1 ,C,A3 ,/AN=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i71 #a#i4 ,NO GOV]NM5T AG5CY REGUL>LY COMPILES DATA ON CORPORATE OR :ITE-COLL> CRIMES1 :I* >E ALMO/ NEV] REPORT$ TO LAW 5=CEM5T AG5CIES4 ,NO ONE COMPILES /ATI/ICS ON MISDEMEANORS EV5 IF !Y >E REPORT$4 

.<#f.> 0,NOT ! FE> ( LEGAL P5ALTIES1 BUT ! FE> ( LOSS ( /ATUS 9 ! GR\P IS ! EFFECTIVE DET]R5T444 ,REG>DLESS ( ! (FICIAL ME?ODS ( DEAL+ ) CRIM9ALS WE %ALL RETA9 ?IS ME?OD ( CONTROL BY GR\P PRESSURE40 ,$W9 ,H4 ,SU!RL&1 ,PR9CIPLES ( ,CRIM9OLOGY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,LIPP9COTT1 #a#i#d#g71 #c#g#d4 

.<#g.> 0,POLITICS AS A ,VOCATION10 ,FROM ,MAX ,WEB]3 ,ESSAYS 9 ,SOCIOLOGY1 $4 @& TR4 ,HANS ,G]? @& ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#h71 #< 7EMPHASIS 9 ! ORIG9AL74 

.<#h.> ,DONALD ,BLACK1 ,! ,BEHAVIOR ( ,LAW 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,ACADEMIC ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#f71 #a#b#d4 

.<#i.> ,BLACK1 0,CRIME AS ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL10 #b3 #a#c4 ,MY >GUM5T DOES NOT DEP5D UPON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ?OSE :O 9FLICT UNILAT]AL VIOL5CE ON O!RS1 ?9K+ ?AT !Y >E JU/IFI$1 >E JU/IFI$ BY MORAL /&>DS PREVAIL+ 9 O!R SECTORS ( SOCIETY1 OR EV5 9 !IR [N4 ,= MO/ ( MY READ]S IT MAY BE ALMO/ UN?9KABLE1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT WIFE-BEAT]S CAN ?9K ?AT !Y'RE JU/IFI$1 BUT USUALLY !Y DO ?9K SO4 ,LOOK+ BACK ON ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY1 !RE WAS VIGILANTE JU/ICE1 :I* WAS 5=C$ BY SELF-APPO9T$ GR\PS 7USUALLY1 ( ! BETT] SORT ( PEOPLE7 :]E LAW 5=CEM5T WAS CONSID]$ TO BE CORRUPT OR 9EFFECTUAL4 ,IT'S DIFFICULT TO JUDGE1 TODAY1 H[ FAIR ?AT JU/ICE WAS1 IF BY FAIRNESS IS MEANT1 CONVICT+ & PUNI%+ ! GUILTY4 ,!N !RE WAS LYN* LAW 9 ! ,S\?1 :I*1 SO F> AS WE KN[1 WAS1 9 ?AT S5SE1 ALMO/ NEV] FAIR -- BUT !N IT WAS ALWAYS C>RI$ \T ) ! CONNIVANCE ( LOCAL LAW 5=CEM5T4 ,I W\LD BE ! LA/ P]SON TO SAY ?AT SOCIAL CONTROL IS ALWAYS A GOOD ?+4 ,I AM ONLY SAY+ ?AT IT HAPP5S1 & NOT ONLY FROM /ATE ACTION4 ,WE NO LONG] HAVE VIGILANTES OR LYN* MOBS4 ,SELF-HELP CRIM9AL SOCIAL CONTROL IS N[ ALMO/ ALWAYS 9DIVIDUAL4 ,9 AN>*I/ J>GON1 IT IS /ILL 0DIRECT ACTION10 BUT IT'S USUALLY NOT 0MUTUAL AID40 

.<#a.> ,BLACK1 ,BEHAVIOR ( ,LAW1 #b 

.<#a#a.> ,BLACK1 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL AS A ,DEP5D5T ,V>IABLE10 #a3 #b 

.<#a#b.> 0,LAW V>IES 9V]SELY ) O!R SOCIAL CONTROL40 ,BLACK1 ,BEHAVIOR ( ,LAW1 #a#g4 

.<#a#c.> ,BLACK1 0,CRIME AS ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL10 #b3 #a#g4 

.<#a#d.> ,BLACK1 ,BEHAVIOR ( ,LAW1 #a#b#c-#a#c#g4 

.<#a#e.> ,BLACK1 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL AS A ,DEP5D5T ,V>IABLE10 #a3 N4 #a1 #e4 ,BUT 0,DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IS CONDUCT ?AT IS SUBJECT TO SOCIAL CONTROL44406 ,BLACK1 ,BEHAVIOR ( ,LAW1 #i4 ,?IS APP>5T CIRCUL>ITY NE$ NOT DI/RACT US FROM ! MA9 PO9T ?AT EXTRALEGAL CONDUCT1 9CLUD+ CRIME1 HAS SOME ( ! SOCIAL EFFECTS CLAIM$ = LAW4 ,CRIM9OLOGI/S ASK3 ,:Y DO PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES8 ,BLACK ASKS3 0,:Y DO PEOPLE COMMIT SOCIAL CONTROL80 ,BLACK1 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL AS AN ,9DEP5D5T ,V>IABLE10 #a3 #a#d4 

.<#a#f.> ,SIMMEL1 ,SOCIOLOGY1 #a3 #b#c4 

.<#a#g.> ,R5ZO ,NOVATORE1 ,T[>D ! ,CREATIVE ,NO?+ 7N4P43 ,V5OM\S ,BUTT]FLY1 #b7 7NOT PAG9AT$74 

.<#a#h.> ,BLACK1 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL AS A ,DEP5D5T ,V>IABLE10 #a3 #e 

.<#a#i.> ,BLACK D5IES ! >GUM5T ( SOME ( HIS CRITICS 7A CRITICISM :I* ALSO OCCURR$ TO ME7 ?AT HIS !ORY IMPLIES ?AT !RE IS A FIX$ LEVEL OR QUANTITY ( SOCIAL CONTROL 9 ALL SOCIETIES4 ,BLACK1 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL AS A ,DEP5D5T ,V>IABLE10 #a3 #ae N4 #b4 ,SURELY !RE >E1 OR HAVE BE51 SOCIETIES ) LESS SOCIAL CONTROL ?AN1 SAY1 ,NOR? ,KOREA4 

.<#b.> ,BLACK1 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL AS A ,DEP5D5T ,V>IABLE10 #a3 #h-#a#b4 

.<#b#a.> ,TO MAKE ?IS /ATEM5T MORE ACCURATE1 ,I %\LD ADD1 AS A FACT1 ?AT ,B1 IF HE HAS TO1 9T5DS TO D5Y ?AT ! BICYCLE BELONG$ TO ,A4 ,IF ,A BELIEVES 7AS HE DOES7 ?AT HE HAS A RI<T TO POSSESSION ( ! BICYCLE1 HE LACKS ! M5TAL ELEM5T = L>C5Y1 ! 9T5T TO /EAL1 :I* W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO BO? ! ROBB]Y & L>C5Y *>GES4 7,?IS IS ALSO :Y ,B COMMITT$ NO CRIME 9 M]ELY FAIL+ TO RETURN ! BICYCLE1 IF HE 9T5D$ TO RETURN IT AT ! TIME :5 HE BORR[$ IT47 ,! POLICE1 :O DON'T KN[ :O IS LY+1 WILL PROBABLY NOT >RE/ ANYBODY4 

.<#b#b.> ,MALCOLM ,M4 ,FEELEY1 ,! ,PROCESS ,IS ! ,PUNI%M5T3 ,H&L+ ,CASES 9 A ,L[] ,CRIM9AL ,C\RT 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,RUSSELL ,SAGE ,F\NDATION1 #a#i#g#i71 #i1 #b#f#a4 

.<#b#c.> ,V]A ,9/ITUTE ( ,JU/ICE1 ,FELONY ,>RE/S3 ,!IR ,PROSECUTION & ,DISPOSITION 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY'S ,C\RTS 7REV4 $42 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,V]A ,9/ITUTE ( ,JU/ICE & ,NEW ,YORK @& ,LONDON3 ,LONGMANS1 #a#i#h#a71 #a-#b4 

.<#b#d.> ,IBID41 #a#i4 

.<#b#e.> ,BLACK1 0,CRIME AS ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL10 #b3 #b4 

.<#b#f.> ,LAURA ,NAD] @& ,H>RY ,F4 ,TODD1 ,JR41 0,9TRODUCTION10 ,! ,DISPUT+ ,PROCESS -- ,LAW 9 ,T5 ,SOCIETIES1 $4 ,LAURA ,NAD] @& ,H>RY ,F4 ,TODD1 ,JR4 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#h71 #a#f4 

.<#b#g.> ,BLACK1 0,CRIME AS ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL10 #b3 #a4 

.<#b#h.> ,COS]1 ,! ,FUNCTIONS ( ,SOCIAL ,CONFLICT1 #a#b#g4 

.<#b#i.> ,SALLY ,5GLE ,M]RY1 0,GO+ TO ,C\RT3 ,/RATEGIES ( ,DISPUTE ,MANAGEM5T 9 AN ,AM]ICAN ,URBAN ,NEI<BORHOOD10 9 ,! ,LAW @& ,SOCIETY ,READ]1 $4 ,RI*>D ,ABEL 7,NEW ,YORK @& ,LONDON3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e71 #d#c4 0,ADMITT$LY1 !RE >E CONFLICTS ?AT SEEM TO EXCLUDE ANY O!R DYNAMIC3 E4G4 ?AT BETWE5 ! ROBB] OR R[DY & HIS VICTIM40 ,SIMMEL1 ,SOCIOLOGY1 #a3 #b#c#f4 ,! TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ >GUM5T IS ?AT CRIMES ( GRE$ -- PROP]TY CRIMES -- WILL VIRTUALLY DISAPPE> UND] AN>*Y1 9 CONDITIONS ( ABUNDANCE & EQUALITY4 ,I ?9K ?IS IS A GOOD >GUM5T1 AL?\< ! ISSUE IS /UDI\SLY AVOID$ BY CRIM9OLOGI/S & SOCIOLOGI/S ( LAW1 :O >E1 ALMO/ TO A MAN 7& ! WOM5 >E NO BETT]71 POLICY PIMPS4 ,BUT ! AN>*I/S >E NOT SO CONV9C+ :5 !Y DISCUSS HATE CRIMES1 SEX CRIMES1 &1 9 G5]AL1 IMPULSIVE OR O!R EMOTIONALLY MOTIVAT$ CRIMES4 ,IT IS ALL V]Y WELL TO SAY ?AT1 AFT] A G5]ATION OR TWO GR[S UP 9 AN 5LI<T5$ AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 CRIMES ( PASSION OR RES5TM5T WILL ALSO DISAPPE>4 ,?IS IS BELI$ BY ! PREVAL5CE ( SU* OCCURR5CES 9 /ATELESS PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES4 ,SEE1 E4G41 ,NAD] @& ,TODD1 $S41 ,! ,DISPUT+ ,PROCESS2 ,E4 ,ADAMSON ,HOEBEL1 ,! ,LAW ( ,PRIMITIVE ,MAN3 ,A ,/UDY 9 ,COMP>ATIVE ,LEGAL ,DYNAMICS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,A!NEUM1 #a#i#f#h74 ,!SE AN>*I/ SOCIETIES M]IT \R CONSID]ATION1 NOT BECAUSE !Y HAVE NO DISPUTES1 BUT BECAUSE MANY ( !M RESOLVE DISPUTES BETT] ?AN MOD]N /ATE SOCIETIES DO4 

.<#c.> ,M]RY1 0,GO+ TO ,C\RT10 #c#f4 

.<#c#a.> ,FEELEY1 ,! ,PROCESS ,IS ! ,PUNI%M5T1 #d#f4 

.<#c#b.> ,M]RY F\ND ?AT 0! C\RT S]VES AS A SANCTION1 A WAY ( H>ASS+ AN 5EMY1 RA!R ?AN AS A MODE ( AIR+ & RESOLV+ DISPUTES4 ,IT S]VES AS AN ALT]NATIVE TO VIOL5CE = ?OSE UNABLE OR UNWILL+ TO FI<T40 0,GO+ TO ,C\RT10 #e#d4 ,Y\NG M5 USUALLY DEALT ) !IR DISPUTES BY FI<T+4 ,MO/ WOM5 W5T TO C\RT4 ,IBID41 #d#i4 

.<#c#c.> ,BLACK1 ,BEHAVIOR ( ,LAW1 #a#a#b-#a#c4 

.<#c#d.> ,BLACK1 0,CRIME AS ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL40 #b3 #a#g2 ,M4,P4 ,BAUMG>TN]1 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL FROM ,BEL[10 9 ,T[>D A ,G5]AL ,!ORY ( ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL1 #a3 #c#c-#d4 

.<#c#e.> ,BLACK1 0,CRIME AS ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL40 #b3 #a#h4 ,9 ! <ETTO !RE IS 0NO ACCESS .<TO LAW.> & LOTS ( SELF-HELP40 ,NAD] @& ,TODD1 0,9TRODUCTION10 #d4 ,H[EV]1 IT'S NOT ?AT !RE'S NO ACCESS TO LAW -- AS ! >TICLE BY ,M]RY 70,GO+ TO ,C\RT07 %[$1 L[-9COME PEOPLE 9 SOME SETT+S MAY FILE MANY CRIM9AL COMPLA9TS -- BUT RA!R ?AT ! LAW R>ELY RESOLVES !IR DISPUTES4 

.<#c#f.> ,BLACK1 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL AS AN ,9DEP5D5T ,V>IABLE10 #a3 #a#e2 ,BLACK1 ,BEHAVIOR ( ,LAW1 #i#b-#i#c4 

.<#c#g.> ,BLACK1 ,BEHAVIOR ( ,LAW1 #i#f4 

.<#c#h.> ,BLACK1 0,CRIME AS ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL40 #b3 #d-#e1 #a-#a#a2 ,BAUMG>TN]1 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL FROM ,BEL[10 #a3 #c#i-#a#a4 

.<#c#i.> ,BAUMG>TN]1 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL FROM ,BEL[10 #a3 #c#a2 ,DONALD ,R4 ,CRESSEY1 ,O!R ,PEOPLE'S ,MONEY3 ,A ,/UDY 9 ! ,SOCIAL ,PSY*OLOGY ( ,EMBEZZLEM5T 7,GL5COE1 ,I,L3 ,! ,FREE ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#c71 #e#g-#f#b4 

.<#d.> ,ADAM ,SMI?1 ,! ,!ORY ( ,MORAL ,S5TIM5TS 7,NEW ,RO*ELLE1 ,N,Y3 ,>L+TON ,H\SE1 #a#i#f#i71 #a#a#g4 

.<#d#a.> ,FRANCIS ,BACON1 0,( ,REV5GE10 ,! ,ESSAYES1 $4 ,JOHN ,PIT*] 7,H>MONDSWOR?1 ,MIDDLESEX1 ,5GL&3 ,P5GU9 ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#c71 #g#c4 ,BY WAY ( FULL DISCLOSURE ,I MU/ ADD ?AT ,SIR ,FRANCIS 7LAT] ,LORD ,V]ULAM71 A GOV]NM5T PROSECUTOR & LAT] ! HI<E/ JUDGE 7,LORD ,*ANCELLOR7 ( ,5GL&1 IMM$IATELY ADD$1 0:I* ! MORE M5'S NATURE RUNS TO1 ! MORE \<T ! LAW TO WE$ IT \T40 ,SIR ,FRANCIS IMPLICITLY ADMITS ?AT1 AS ,ADAM ,SMI? SAID1 ! WILL TO V5GEANCE COMES NATURALLY4 ,LORD ,V]ULAM HIMSELF DID SOME TIME = CORRUPTION 9 ! ,T[] ( ,LONDON1 ! WORLD'S FIR/ C\NTRY CLUB PRISON4 

.<#d#b.> ,I'VE BE5 UNABLE TO F9D A S\RCE = ?IS SAY+1 UNLESS IT'S ,M>IO ,PUZO1 AU?OR ( ,! ,GODFA!R1 A WORK ( FICTION1 OR ,FRANCIS ,=D ,COPPOLA1 :O DIRECT$ ! FILMS4 

.<#d#c.> ,?IS ESSAY IS BAS$ ON A PRES5TATION ,I MADE AT ! #a#a? ANNUAL ,B4,A4,S4,T4,A4,R4,D CONF]5CE ON ,APRIL #a1 #b#a#a1 9 ,B]KELEY1 ,CALI=NIA4 ,= ! BACKGR\ND TO !SE REM>KS AB\T MY ,BAY ,>EA 5EMIES1 SEE ,BOB ,BLACK1 ,! ,BABY & ! ,BA?WAT]3 ,! ,UNSPEAKABLE ,TRU? AB\T ,PROCESS$ ,WORLD 7#a #a_/#b  $42 ,B]KELEY1 ,C,A3 ,SLOBBOVIAT$ ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#e71 :I* WILL SOON BE AVAILABLE ONL9E AT ,! ,AN>*I/ ,LIBR>Y4 

.<#d#d.> ,M]RY1 0,GO+ TO ,C\RT10 #c#f1 #e#e4 

.<#d#e.> ,ALT9A ,L4 ,WALL]1 ,FEUD3 ,HATFIELDS1 ,MC,COYS1 & ,SOCIAL ,*ANGE 9 ,APPALA*IA1 #a#h#f-#a#i 7,*APEL ,HILL1 ,N,C @& ,LONDON3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,NOR? ,C>OL9A ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#h71 #f4 ,! REAL HI/ORY ( ?IS FEUD IS NO?+ LIKE :AT PEOPLE IMAG9E4 ,IT COMM5C$ ) LITIGATION OV] POSSESSION ( A PIG4 ,IBID41 #b-#c4 ,AN 9T]FAMILY EXTRAM>ITAL ROMANCE WAS ALSO 9VOLV$4 ,IBID41 #c4 ,! FAMILIES DID AS MU* LITIGAT+ & PROSECUT+ AS %OOT+2 ONE CASE W5T AS F> AS ! ,U4,S4 ,SUPREME ,C\RT4 ,/ATE POLITICS WAS ALSO 9VOLV$ 7! ,MC,COYS HAD A P[] BASE 9 ,K5TUCKY1 ! ,HATFIELDS 9 ,WE/ ,VIRG9IA74 

.<#d#f.> ,ROLF ,KUS*EL1 ,V5GEANCE IS ,!IR ,REPLY3 ,BLOOD ,FEUDS & ,HOMICIDE ON ,BELLONA ,ISL&4 ,P>T ,I3 ,CONDITIONS ,UND]LY+ ,G5]ATION S ( ,BLOOD%$ 7,COP5HAG53 ,D5M>K3 ,DANSK PSY*OLOGISK ,=LAG1 #a#i#h#h71 #a#h-#a#i4 

.<#d#g.> ,BACON1 0,( ,REV5GE10 #g#c4 

.<#d#h.> ,! ORIG9ATOR ( ! CONCEPT ( SOCIAL B&ITRY1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HI/ORIAN ,E4,J4 ,HOBSBAWM1 WAS C>EFULLY MODE/ AB\T ITS SCOPE & FREQU5CY1 & AW>E ( ITS AMBIGUITY4 ,E4,J4 ,HOBSBAWM1 ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS3 ,/UDIES 9 ,>*AIC ,=MS ( ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5T 9 ! #a#i? & #b? ,C5TURIES 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON & ,COMPANY1 #a#i#f#e71 *4 #b4 ,AL?\< IT WAS NOT !N ! PRESS+ CONC]N = ,M>XI/S ?AT IT BECAME LAT] -- & ESPECIALLY AFT] #aihi -- ,HOBSBAWM EV5 9 ! #a#i#e'S ADVANC$ ! TRADITIONAL ANTI-AN>*I/ ,M>XI/ AG5DA1 M9IMIZ+ ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! AN>*I/ ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5CY 9 ,UKRA9E1 EV5 ?\< ! SCALE ( ITS MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS & SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION WAS F> BEYOND B&ITRY1 SOCIAL OR O!RWISE4 ,IBID41 #bh @& N4 #b4 ,= HI/ORIES ( ! 9SURG5CY1 SEE ,PET] ,>%9OV1 ,HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,MOVEM5T1 #a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a1 TR4 ,LORRA9E @& ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN 7,DETROIT1 ,M,I3 ,BLACK @& ,R$ & ,SOLID>ITY & ,*ICAGO1 ,I,L3 ,SOLID>ITY1 #a#i#g#d72 ,VOL9E1 ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION1 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#a 7,DETROIT1 ,M,I3 ,BLACK @& ,R$ & ,*ICAGO1 ,I,L3 ,SOLID>ITY1 #a#i#g#d71 #e#d#a-#g#a#a4  
 ,9 #aii -- A BAD YE> = ,COMMIES6 -- ,HOBSBAWM PUBLI%$ ! F9AL REVIS$ $ITION ( HIS BOOK ON SOCIAL B&ITRY3 ,B&ITS  7REV4 $42 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,NEW ,PRESS1 #a#i#i74 ,?IS F9AL TIME >\ND1 HE IGNOR$ ,MAKHNO 5TIRELY1 BUT ADD$ A *APT]1 ALMO/ UNREF]5C$1 VILIFY+ AN>*I/S FROM ,BAKUN9 TO ,FRANCISCO ,SABATE4 ,IBID41 #a#b-#a#c#h4 ,BY !N1 HIS CONCEPT ( SOCIAL B&ITRY HAD COME UND] DEVA/AT+ CRITICISM ( :I* ! MO/ =MIDABLE1 AS HE ACKN[L$G$1 WAS ,ANTON ,BLOK1 ,! ,MAFIA ( A ,SICILIAN ,VILLAGE1 #a#h#f-#a#i#f3 ,A ,/UDY ( ,VIOL5T ,PEASANT ,5TREPR5EURS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,H>P] ,TOR*BOOKS1 #a#i#g#b71 #i#g-#a#b4 ,I READ ! BOOK 9 MANUSCRIPT1 :5 ,I WAS DO+ 9DEP5D5T /UDY UND] ,BLOK AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MI*IGAN4 

.<#d#i.> ,GOTTFR$SON @& ,HIRS*I1 ,A ,G5]AL ,!ORY ( ,CRIME1 #i#c-#i#f4 ,EV5 ?AT G5]ALIZATION ISN'T FIRMLY E/ABLI%$3 0,NO CONSI/5T1 /ATI/ICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFF]5CES BETWE5 P]SONALITY TRAITS ( DEL9QU5TS & P]SONALITY TRAITS ( NONDEL9QU5TS HAVE BE5 F\ND40 ,$W9 ,H4 ,SU!RL& @& ,DONALD ,R4 ,CRESSEY1 ,CRIM9OLOGY 7#i? $42 ,PHILADELPHIA1 ,P,A3 ,J4,B4 ,LIPP9COTT @& ,CO41 #a#i#g#d71 #a#g4 0,ALMO/ ALL CRIMES 9VOLVE ! EXPRESSION ( QUALITIES ?AT A MAN %\LD NOT LACK40 ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E1 ,WRIT+S FROM ! ,LATE ,NOTEBOOKS1 $4 ,RUDIG] ,BITTN]1 TR4 ,KATE ,/URGE 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#c71 #a#h#d4 

.<#e.> ,=D ,MADOX ,=D1 9 ,JOSEPH ,CONRAD @& ,=D ,MADOX ,=D1 ,! ,NATURE ( A ,CRIME 7,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,CO41 #a#i#b#d71 #i#g4 

.<#e#a.> ,BLACK1 0,CRIME AS ,SOCIAL ,CONTROL40 #b3 #b4 

.<#e#b.> ,M]RY1 0,GO+ TO ,C\RT10 #e#b4 ,SOME ( !SE FACTS MAY BE ELICIT$1 FOLL[+ CONVICTION1 9 A PRE-S5T5C+ REPORT4 ,EV5 ASIDE FROM ! L[ QUALITY ( !SE REPORTS1 !Y >E ONLY PREP>$ 9 ! SMALL FRACTION ( CASES :I* HAVE RESULT$ 9 CONVICTIONS = CRIME4 ,& !Y >E ONLY CONSID]$ ) RESPECT TO PUNI%M5T1 NOT GUILT4 

.<#e#c.> ,WILLIAM ,CLIF=D1 0,ALT]NATIVES TO ! ,CRIM9AL ,C\RT ,SY/EM10 9 ,NEI<BORHOOD ,JU/ICE3 ,ASSESSM5T ( AN ,EM]G+ ,IDEA1 $4 ,ROMAN ,TOMASIC @& ,MALCOLM ,M4 ,FEELEY 7,NEW ,YORK @& ,LONDON3 ,LONGMAN1 #a#i#h#b71 #b#f4 

.<#e#d.> ,MULLANE V4 ,C5TRAL ,HANOV] ,BANK @& ,TRU/ ,CO41 #cci ,U4,S4 #c#f1 #cac 7#a#i#e74 

.<#e#e.> ,BEG9N+ 9 ! #a#i#g'S1 !RE'S BE5 A FADDI% CONC]N = ! VICTIM1 (T5 REF]R$ TO AS 0! =GOTT5 MAN10 :I* HAS BE5 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ 9 SEV]AL WAYS1 9CLUD+ ! OPPORTUNITY = VICTIMS TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! S5T5C+ DECISION4 ,CONS]VATIVES LIKE ?AT BECAUSE IT W\LD 9TRODUCE YET ANO!R 9FLU5CE 9 ! DIRECTION ( H>%] PUNI%M5T1 AS IF !RE W]5'T 5\< SU* 9FLU5CES ALREADY4 ,LIB]ALS LIKE IT BECAUSE LIB]ALS LIKE VICTIMS4 ,VICTIMS !MSELVES USUALLY CAN'T BE BO!R$1 & 9DE$ !IR P>TICIPATION IS PO9TLESS 9 A SY/EM ( UNLIMIT$ DISCRETION 9 ! PROSECUTOR1 & PLEA B>GA9+ AS ! IMM$IATE DET]M9ANT ( NE>LY ALL S5T5CES4 ,= MY CRITIQUE1 SEE ,ROB]T ,C4 ,BLACK1 0,=GOTT5 ,P5OLOGICAL ,PURPOSES3 ,A ,CRITIQUE ( ,VICTIM ,P>TICIPATION 9 ,S5T5C+10 ,AM4 ,J4 ( ,JURISPRUD5CE #ci 7#a#i#i#d73 #b#b#e-#b#d4 

.<#e#f.> ,M>C ,GALANT]1 0,H[ ! ',HAVES' ,COME ,\T ,AHEAD3 ,SPECULATIONS ON ! ,LIMITS ( ,LEGAL ,*ANGE10 #i ,LAW @& ,SOC'Y ,REV4 7#a#i#g#d73 #i#e-#a#e#a1 ABRIDG$ REPR9T 9 ,ABEL1 $41 ,LAW @& ,SOCIETY ,READ]4  ,I MI<T HAVE BAS$ MY >GUM5T1 TO A CONSID]ABLE DEGREE1 ON ,GALANT] RA!R ?AN ,BLACK1 BUT !RE WASN'T TIME & SPACE TO DO JU/ICE TO BO?4 ,!IR APPROA*ES >E V]Y DIFF]5T1 BUT !IR CONCLUSIONS >E SIMIL>4 ,BO?1 = 9/ANCE1 EMPHASIZE ! ADVANTAGE ORGANIZATIONS HAVE OV] 9DIVIDUALS4 ,GALANT]1 UNLIKE ,BLACK1 TAKES 9/ITUTIONAL LEGAL PROCESSES S]I\SLY1 & 9 ?AT RESPECT ,I ?9K HE HAS A /RONG] >GUM5T4 ,BUT !N ,GALANT] & ,I >E LAWY]S & ,BLACK IS NOT4 

.<#e#g.> ,UNIT$ ,/ATES V4 ,WILL1 #ddi ,U4,S4 #b1 #b#a#c-#a#e 7#a#i#h74 ,! ,RULE GOES BACK TO A CASE 9 M$IEVAL ,5GL& :]E ! JUDGE HIMSELF WAS ! PLA9TIFF4 ,Y4,B4 ,HIL41 #h ,H54 ,V,I1 F4 #a#i1 PL4 #f 7#a#d#c74 

.<#e#h.> ,MO]S V4 ,:ITE1 #f ,JOHNS4 ,CAS4 #cf 7,N4,Y4 ,*4 #a#h#b#b74 ,! ULTRA-CONS]VATIVE ,K5T WAS NATIONALLY R5[N$ NOT ONLY = HIS EQUITY JURISPRUD5CE BUT = HIS 9FLU5TIAL TREATISES ON CON/ITUTIONAL LAW & O!R SUBJECTS4 ,AT ! ,NEW ,YORK ,/ATE ,LIBR>Y 9 ,ALBANY1 ,I CAME ACROSS A SMALL COLLECTION ( ,K5T'S LETT]S4 ,9 #a#h#d#e1 AT AGE #h#b1 ,K5T VOT$ 9 A ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY ELECTION4 ,HE F\ND ! EXP]I5CE SO REPUGNANT ?AT HE V[$ NEV] TO VOTE AGA94 ,ELECTIONS1 HE WROTE1 0>E ALL A F>CE @& WE >E *EAT$ \T ( \R RI<TS BY KNAV]Y @& VIOL5CE4 ,I FEEL DEGRAD$ TO GO TO ! ,POLL & PUT 9 A ,BALLOT AMID ,VAGABONDS .<MO/LY ,IRI%.> ANY ONE ( :OM DE/ROYS MY VOTE4 ,I CONSID] ,DEMOCRACY A HUMBUG @& AT ! LATE ,CITY ,ELECTION = ,MAYOR ,I DID NOT GO TO ! ,POLL40 ,LETT] TO ,AMBROSE ,SP5C]1 ,A4,L4,S41 ,APRIL #a#d1 #a#h#d#e1 ,JAMES ,K5T ,COLLECTION1 #a#g#h#e-#a#h#d#e1 ,NEW ,YORK ,/ATE ,LIBR>Y4 ,K5T WAS ( C\RSE CORRECT AB\T DEMOCRACY4 ,BOB ,BLACK1 ,DEBUNK+ ,DEMOCRACY 7,B]KELEY1 ,C,A3 ,C,A,L ,PRESS1 #b#a#a74 

.<#e#i.> ,BLACK1 0,SOCIAL ,CONTROL AS A ,DEP5D5T ,V>IABLE10 #b3 #g-#h4 ,I HAVE NOT DISCUSS$ H]E ! ?IRD FACTOR -- ! =MS ( DISPUTE PROCESS+ AS SU* 7CONCILIATION1 NEGOTIATION1 M$IATION1 >BITRATION1 ADJUDICATION1 ETC47 AS !Y HAVE BE5 CLASSIFI$ BY1 E4G41 ,NAD] @& ,TODD1 0,9TRODUCTION10 #i-#a#a2 ,FRANK ,E4,A4 ,S&]1 0,V>IETIES ( ,DISPUTE ,PROCESS+10 9 ,TOMASIC @& ,FEELEY1 $S41 ,NEI<BORHOOD ,JU/ICE1 #b#f-#b#i4 ,AMUS+LY1 ,S&] DISMISSES SEV]AL EVID5TLY LESS RESPECTABLE ME*ANISMS1 9CLUD+ SELF-HELP1 AS 0NOT ( C5TRAL CONC]N H]E BECAUSE ( !IR LIMIT$ UTILITY OR ACCEPTABILITY10 IBID41 #bi -- AL?\< A COMMUNITY /UDY 9 ! SAME VOLUME F\ND A PRIM>Y RELIANCE ON SELF-HELP1 ,SUZANN ,R4 ,?OMAS-,BUCKLE @& ,LEON>D ,G4 ,BUCKLE1 0,DO+ ONTO ,O!RS3 ,DISPUTES & ,DISPUTE ,PROCESS+ 9 AN ,URBAN ,AM]ICAN ,NEI<BORHOOD10 IBID41 #g#i-#h4 ,) RESPECT TO ,AM]ICAN CRIM9AL PROSECUTIONS1 ONLY ADJUDICATION MATT]S -- ! ATTEMPTS TO 9S]T ! O!R DISPUT+ PROC$URES 9TO ! LEGAL SY/EM HAVE BE5 FEW & F> BETWE5 & USUALLY 0C\RT-ANNEX$10 I4E41 !Y >E JU/ WAYS = PROSECUTORS 7:O MU/ APPROVE !SE REF]RALS7 TO UNLOAD SOME ( :AT !Y CALL G>BAGE CASES4 ,ON ! RISE & RAPID FALL ( !SE FAIL$ RE=MS1 SEE ,ROMAN ,TOMASIC1 0,M$IATION AS AN ,ALT]NATIVE TO ,ADJUDICATION3 ,RHETORIC & ,REALITY 9 ! ,NEI<BORHOOD ,JU/ICE ,MOVEM5T10 9 ,NEI<BORHOOD ,JU/ICE1 #b#a#e-#d#h4 ,BAIL RE=M1 PRETRIAL DIV]SION1 S5T5C+ RE=M1 & SPE$Y TRIAL RULES >E AMONG O!R FAIL$ RE=MS4 ,MALCOLM ,M4 ,FEELEY1 ,C\RT ,RE=M ON ,TRIAL3 ,:5 ,SIMPLE ,SOLUTIONS ,FAIL 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,BASIC ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#c71 *S4 #b-#e4 

.<#f.> ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 ,MUTUAL ,AID3 ,A ,FACTOR ( ,EVOLUTION1 $4 ,PAUL ,AVRI* 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#b71 ESP4 *S4 #g-#h4 

.<#f#a.> 0,CRIME & ,PUNI%M5T10 ,MALATE/A3 ,HIS ,LIFE @& ,IDEAS1 COMP4 @& $4 ,V]NON ,RI*>DS 7,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#g71 #a#e4 ,= AN EXAMPLE1 AN AN>*I/1 0,SCOTT ,W410 :O REC5TLY1 9 0,! .<SIC.> ,AN>*I/ ,RESPONSE TO ,CRIME10 LAID \T A PO/-REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ CRIME-CONTROL SC5>IO -- COMPLETE ) POLICE 7R5AM$ 0MILITIAS10 ASSI/$ BY 0=5SIC COLLECTIVES0 & 0DETECTIVE COLLECTIVES07 & PRISONS1 & HE EXPLA9$ ?AT WE WILL NE$ A FEW G5]ATIONS TO ]ADICATE CRIME4 ,!N IT WILL WI!R AWAY1 P]HAPS4 ,! T]M 0COLLECTIVE0 IS APP>5TLY UNLIMIT$LY ELA/IC1 9CLUSIVE1 & APPROV+1 IF EV5 DETECTIVES & CRIME LAB TE*NICIANS >E OKAY1 SO LONG AS !Y >E ORGANIZ$ 9TO COLLECTIVES4 ,SCOTT'S ESSAY1 & MY REJO9D]1 0,AN ,AN>*I/ ,RESPONSE TO ',! ,AN>*I/ ,RESPONSE TO ,CRIME1'0 >E AVAILABLE ONL9E AT ,! ,AN>*I/ ,LIBR>Y4 

.<#f#b.> ,! PROBLEM ( 0DEL9QU5CY 444 HAS NOT OCCUPI$ A GREAT SPACE 9 AN>*I/ !ORY1 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 BRU%+ IT ASIDE CONTEMPTU\SLY4 ,9 A FREE SOCIETY !RE WILL BE NO CRIME40 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE1 0,PUBLI%]'S ,=EW>D0 TO ,L>RY ,TIFFT @& ,D5NIS ,SULLIVAN1 ,! ,/RUGGLE TO ,BE ,HUMAN3 ,CRIME1 ,CRIM9OLOGY1 & ,AN>*ISM 7,S&AY1 ,ORKNEY1 ,SCOTL&3 ,CI5FUEGOS ,PRESS1 #a#i#h71 XIII4 ,*RI/IE WAS RI<T1 BUT UN=TUNATELY1 ! ,TIFFT & ,SULLIVAN BOOK ADDS NO?+ TO AN AN>*I/ !ORY ( CRIME4 ,IT IS MO/LY JU/ LIB]AL HUMANI/ MORALI/IC :9+ & :IMP]+ TO ! EFFECT ?AT ! /ATE IS ! REAL CRIM9AL4 ,?AT1 BESIDES BE+ SELF-CONTRADICTORY NONS5SE 7CRIME IS DEF9$ BY LAW1 :I* IS PRODUC$ & SELECTIVELY 5=C$ BY ! /ATE71 LEGITIMIZES ! CONCEPT ( CRIME1 :I* PRESUPPOSES LAW1 :I* PRESUPPOSES ! /ATE4 ,A BETT]1 & BETT] WRITT51 & BRIEF] V]SION ( A RELAT$ >GUM5T IS 9 ,ALEX ,COM=T1 ,AU?ORITY & ,DEL9QU5CY 9 ! ,MOD]N ,/ATE3 ,A ,CRIM9OLOGICAL ,APPROA* TO ! ,PROBLEM ( ,P[] 7,LONDON2 ,R\TL$GE & ,KEGAN ,PAUL ,LTD41 #a#i#e74 ,DR4 ,COM=T 7YES1 HE'S ! AU?OR ( ,! ,JOY ( ,SEX7 >GUES ?AT :]E !RE EXI/S A /ATE1 PR$ATORS & PSY*OPA?S >E LIKELY TO /AFF IT 9 DISPROPORTIONATE NUMB]S4 ,NOT ONLY DOES P[] CORRUPT1 P[] ATTRACTS ! ALREADY CORRUPT4 ,?AT'S F9E -- AS F> AS IT GOES4 ,IF ,A,K ,PRESS OR ,P,M ,PRESS HAD EV5 A SLI<T 9T]E/ 9 REPR9T+ G5U9E AN>*I/ CLASSICS1 !Y %\LD REPR9T ?IS ONE4 ,BUT1 S9CE !Y DON'T1 !Y WON'T4  
 ,BUT1 :O >E ! REAL CRIM9ALS8 ,CRIM9ALS >E ! REAL CRIM9ALS4 ,AM ,I BE+ SIMPLE8 ,SURE4 ,BETT] TO BE SIMPLY RI<T ?AN SIMPLY WRONG4 

.<#f#c.> ,= EXAMPLE1 ONE ( ! R>E EXAMPLES ( EXP]IM5TAL RESE>* 9 CRIM9OLOGY IS REPORT$ 9 ,GEORGE ,L4 ,KELL+1 ,TONY ,PATE1 ,DUANE ,DIECKMAN1 @& ,*>LES ,E4 ,BR[N1 ,! ,KANSAS ,CITY ,PREV5TIVE ,PATROL ,EXP]IM5T3 ,A ,SUMM>Y ,REPORT 7,WA%+TON1 ,D,C3 ,! ,POLICE ,F\NDATION1 #a#i#g#d71 AVAILABLE AT WWW4POLICEF\NDATION4ORG4 ,PREV5TIVE POLICE PATROL -- ?AT IS1 POLICE DRIV+ >\ND LOOK+ = TR\BLE1 OR PRET5D+ TO -- WAS SY/EMATICALLY DISCONT9U$1 )\T NOTICE TO ! PUBLIC1 9 ONE NEI<BORHOOD AFT] ANO!R4 7,! POLICE /ILL ANSW]$ S]VICE CALLS1 AS ! FIRE DEP>TM5T DOES47 ,! )DRAWAL ( PREV5TIVE POLICE PATROL PROTECTION HAD NO EFFECT ON REPORT$ CRIME RATES4 ,IT HAD NO EFFECT ON CITIZ5 P]CEPTIONS ( !IR SAFETY4 ,POLICE PATROL IS ?US USELESS = CRIME CONTROL4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 NO POLICE DEP>TM5T HAS1 ON ! BASIS ( ?IS DISCOV]Y1 DISCONT9U$ DRIV+->\ND PATROL 7) /OPS = D\<NUTS74 ,SEE ALSO ,H]B]T ,JACOB1 ,! ,FRU/RATION ( ,POLICY3 ,POLICE ,RESPONSES TO ,CRIME BY ,AM]ICAN ,CITIES 7,BO/ON1 ,M,A3 ,LITTLE1 ,BR[N @& ,CO41 #a#i#h#d74 

.<#f#d.> ,I RECALL ! EXP]I5CE ( A FRI5D ( M9E1 0,ZACK ,REPLICA0 7A PSEUDONYM71 MY COLLABORATOR 9 ,DIAL-A-,RUMOR 7SEE ,BOB ,BLACK1 0,TALES FROM ,DIAL-A-,RUMOR10 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE .<,BROOKLYN1 ,N,Y3 ,AUTONOM$IA1 #a#i#i#b.>1 #g#a-#h#i74 ,ZACK1 :O IS H&ICAPP$1 LIV$ 9 ,B]KELEY1 ,CALI=NIA AT ! SAME TIME ,I DID4 ,ZACK HAD BE5 RA!R SYMPA!TIC TO ! >GUM5TS ( LIB]T>IAN PSY*IATRI/ ,?OMAS ,S4 ,SZASZ 9 ,! ,MY? ( ,M5TAL ,ILLNESS3 ,F\NDATIONS ( A ,!ORY ( ,P]SONAL ,CONDUCT  7,NEW ,YORK3 ,H>P] @& ,R[1 #a#i#f#a74 ,BUT ONE HAS TO HAVE D\BTS AB\T A PSY*IATRI/ :OSE WIFE COMMITT$ SUICIDE4 ,ZACK HAD A BELLIG]5T UP/AIRS NEI<BOR 7,I =GET HIS NAME71 A P>ANOID S*IZOPHR5IC :O WAS ?REAT5+ ,ZACK ) VIOL5CE = NO REASON4 ,IT TAKES A BIG BAD BRAVE MAN TO ?REAT5 SOMEBODY 9 A :EEL*AIR4 ,ZACK CONCLUD$1 IF ,?OMAS ,SZASZ ?9KS M5TAL ILLNESS IS A MY?1 HE %\LD MEET MY UP/AIRS NEI<BOR6  
 ,ALONG ) A MUTUAL FRI5D1 0,CAL ,CRU%]10 ,I H>ASS$ ! NEI<BOR ) ?REAT5+ LETT]S FROM AN IMAG9>Y LAWY]4 ,?IS WAS1 9 PRACTICE1 :AT AN>*O-LEFTI/S1 9 !ORY1 CALL SOLID>ITY1 DIRECT ACTION1 & MUTUAL AID -- BUT :I*1 9 PRACTICE1 !Y DON'T PRACTICE4 ,WE PRACTIC$ DIRECT ACTION & MUTUAL AID4 ,H[ MANY ( MY AN>*I/ 5EMIES CAN SAY ! SAME8 ,IF ,I RECALL1 ! P]SECUTOR COMMITT$ SUICIDE4 

.<#f#e.> ,BLACK1 ,BEHAVIOR ( ,LAW1 #a#b#d4 

.<#f#f.> 0,IT HAS (T5 BE5 SAID ?AT ! ,/ATE IS AS 9TRUSIVE AS IT IS IMPOT5T4 ,IT MAKES A SICKLY ATTEMPT TO EXT5D ITSELF OV] ALL SORTS ( ?+S :I* DO NOT BELONG TO IT1 OR :I* IT GRASPS ONLY BY DO+ !M VIOL5CE4 ,!NCE ! EXP5DITURE ( 5]GY ) :I* ! ,/ATE IS REPROA*$ & :I* IS TRULY \T ( PROPORTION TO ! RESULTS OBTA9$4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 9DIVIDUALS >E NO LONG] SUBJECT TO ANY O!R COLLECTIVE CONTROL BUT ! ,/ATE'S1 S9CE IT IS ! SOLE ORGANIZ$ COLLECTIVITY444 ,:ILE ! ,/ATE BECOMES 9FLAT$ & HYP]TROPHI$ 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 A FIRM 5\< GRIP UPON 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT )\T SUCCE$+1 ! LATT]1 )\T MUTUAL RELATION%IPS1 TUMBLE OV] ONE ANO!R LIKE SO MANY LIQUID MOLECULES1 5C\NT]+ NO C5TRAL 5]GY TO RETA91 FIX & ORGANIZE !M40 ,EMILE ,DURKHEIM1 ,SUICIDE3 ,A ,/UDY 9 ,SOCIOLOGY1 $4 ,GEORGE ,SIMPSON1 TR4 ,JOHN ,A4 ,SPAULD+ @& ,GEORGE ,SIMPSON 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,FREE ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#a71 #c#h#i4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #baa 3 0,WILD ,JU/ICE0 -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #a#h1 #bb 3 0,WILD ,JU/ICE0 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 0,WILD ,JU/ICE0 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/