,*APT] #a 
,! ,SITUATION ,TODAY 

#ahheahhe 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY PHILIPPE L]OY]1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT WE >E ADVANC+ RAPIDLY T[>DS REVOLUTION1 T[>DS AN UPHEAVAL ?AT WILL BEG9 9 ONE C\NTRY & SPREAD1 AS 9 #a#h#d#h1 9TO ALL ! NEI<BOR+ L&S1 &1 AS IT ROCKS EXI/+ SOCIETY TO ITS F\NDATIONS1 WILL ALSO REOP5 ! SPR+S ( LIFE4 

,TO CONFIRM \R VIEW1 WE DO NOT EV5 HAVE TO 9VOKE ! TE/IMONY ( A CELEBRAT$ ,G]MAN HI/ORIAN17#a7 OR A WELL-KN[N ,ITALIAN PHILOSOPH]17#b7 BO? ( :OM1 HAV+ DEEPLY /UDI$ ! HI/ORY ( \R TIMES1 HAVE REA*$ ! CONCLUSION ?AT A GREAT REVOLUTION WAS 9EVITABLE T[>DS ! 5D ( ?IS C5TURY4 ,WE NE$ ONLY WAT* ! PANORAMA ?AT HAS UNROLL$ BE=E US OV] ! PA/ TW5TY YE>S2 WE NE$ ONLY OBS]VE :AT GOES ON >\ND US4 

,:5 WE DO SO1 WE P]CEIVE TWO MAJOR FACTS EM]G+ FROM ! MURKY DEP?S ( ! CANVAS3 ! AWAK5+ ( ! PEOPLES1 9 CONTRA/ TO ! MORAL1 9TELLECTUAL & ECONOMIC FAILURE ( ! RUL+ CLASSES2 & ! AGITAT$ YET P[]LESS EF=TS ( PEOPLE ( WEAL? TO H9D] ?AT AWAK5+4 

,YES1 ! AWAK5+ ( ! PEOPLES6 

,9 ! SUFFOCAT+ ATMOSPH]E ( ! FACTORY AS MU* AS 9 ! D>KNESS ( ! COOK%OP KIT*51 UND] ! RO( ( ! GRAN>Y AS MU* AS 9 ! /REAM+ GALL]IES ( ! M9E1 A NEW WORLD IS TAK+ %APE !SE DAYS4 ,AMONG ?OSE %AD[Y MASSES1 :OM ! B\RGEOIS DESPISE AS MU* AS !Y FE> !M1 YET FROM :OSE MID/ HAS ALWAYS /IRR$ ! BREA? ?AT 9SPIR$ ! GREAT RE=M]S1 ! MO/ DIFFICULT PROBLEMS ( SOCIAL ECONOMY & POLITICAL ORGANIZATION >E POS$ ONE AFT] ANO!R1 DISCUSS$1 & GIV5 NEW SOLUTIONS DICTAT$ BY ! S5SE ( JU/ICE4 ,!SE DISCUSSIONS CUT TO ! HE>T ( SOCIETY'S SICKNESS4 ,NEW HOPES >E AWAK5$1 NEW IDEAS EM]GE4 

,OP9IONS M+LE & V>Y TO ! PO9T ( 9F9ITY1 BUT TWO /REAMS ( IDEAS ALREADY S\ND MORE & MORE DI/9CTLY 9 ?IS D9 ( VOICES3 ! ABOLITION ( 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY & COMMUNISM2 & ! ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE1 ITS REPLACEM5T BY ! FREE COMMUNE1 & ! 9T]NATIONAL UNION ( WORK+ M54 ,! TWO WAYS CONV]GE 9 A S+LE AIM3 ,EQUALITY4 ,NOT ?AT HYPOCRITICAL =MULA ( EQUALITY1 9SCRIB$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE ON ITS BANN]S & 9 ITS CODES = ! EASI] 5SLAVEM5T ( ! PRODUC]1 BUT TRUE EQUALITY3 L&1 CAPITAL & WORK %>$ BY ALL4 

,IT IS 9 VA9 ?AT ! RUL+ CLASSES SEEK TO /IFLE !SE ASPIRATIONS BY IMPRISON+ M5 & SUPPRESS+ !IR WRIT+S4 ,! NEW IDEAS P5ETRATE PEOPLE'S M9DS1 TAKE POSSESSION ( !IR HE>TS 9 ! SAME WAY AS 9 ! PA/ ! MY? ( ! RI* & FREE L&S ( ! ,EA/ POSSESS$ ! HE>TS ( ! S]FS :5 !Y RU%$ 9TO ! RANKS ( ! CRUSAD]S4 ,! IDEA MAY SLEEP = A :ILE2 IF ITS APPE>ANCE ON ! SURFACE IS PREV5T$1 IT MAY BURR[ B5EA? ! SOIL1 BUT ?AT WILL LEAD ONLY TO ITS RESURG+ /RONG] ?AN EV] BE=E4 ,Y\ HAVE ONLY TO LOOK AT ! PRES5T REAWAK5+ ( SOCIALISM 9 ,FRANCE1 ! SECOND REVIVAL 9 ! %ORT SPACE ( FIFTE5 YE>S4 ,:5 ! WAVE BREAKS IT RISES EV5 HI<] AN 9/ANT AFT]W>DS4 ,& AS SOON AS A FIR/ ATTEMPT IS MADE TO PUT ! NEW IDEAS 9TO PRACTICE1 !Y WILL /& UP BE=E EV]YONE 9 ALL !IR SIMPLICITY1 9 ALL !IR SPL5DOR4 ,LET ONE ATTEMPT BE SUCCESSFUL1 & ! AW>5ESS ( !IR [N /R5G? WILL GIVE ! PEOPLES A H]OIC IMPULSE4 

,?IS MOM5T CANNOT BE LONG DELAY$4 ,EV]Y?+ BR+S US NE> ! PO9T :5 POV]TY ITSELF1 :I* =CES ! UN=TUNATE TO TAKE ?\<T1 REA*ES ! PO9T ( =C$ UNEMPLOYM5T1 :5 ! MAN :O HAS ALREADY />T$ TO ?9K IS TORN FROM ! N>R[ SETT+ ( HIS WORK%OP & ?R[N 9TO ! /REETS1 :]E HE QUICKLY COMES TO KN[ BO? ! VICI\SNESS & ! P[]LESSNESS ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4 

,&1 9 ! MEANTIME1 :AT >E !SE RUL+ CLASSES A*IEV+8 

,:ILE NATURAL SCI5CES >E ASSUM+ A VIGOR ?AT REM9DS ONE ( ! LA/ C5TURY :5 ! GREAT ,FR5* REVOLUTION WAS APPROA*+ & :ILE BOLD 9V5TORS OP5 UP NEW HORIZONS EA* DAY TO ! /RUGGLE ( HUMANITY AGA9/ ! HO/ILE =CES ( NATURE1 SOCIAL SCI5CE -- A B\RGEOIS CREATION -- REMA9S SIL5T & IS CONT5T TO WORK OV] ITS \TDAT$ !ORIES4 

,BUT P]HAPS !SE RUL+ CLASSES >E MAK+ PROGRESS 9 PRACTICAL MATT]S8 ,F> FROM IT4 ,!Y REMA9 OB/9ATELY 9T5T ON WAV+ !IR RAGG$ BANN]S1 ON DEF5D+ EGOTI/IC 9DIVIDUALISM1 COMPETITION BETWE5 MAN & MAN & NATION & NATION1 & ! OMNIPOT5CE ( ! C5TRALIZ+ ,/ATE4 

,!Y *ANGE FROM PROTECTIONISM TO FREE TRADE1 & FROM FREE TRADE BACK TO PROTECTIONISM2 FROM REACTION TO LIB]ALISM & FROM LIB]ALISM BACK TO REACTION2 FROM A!ISM TO SUP]/ITION & FROM SUP]/ITION BACK TO A!ISM2 ALWAYS FE>FUL1 ALWAYS LOOK+ T[>DS ! PA/1 EV] LESS CAPABLE ( REALIZ+ ANY?+ ?AT LA/S4 ,EV]Y?+ !SE RUL+ CLASSES HAVE A*IEV$ HAS 9 FACT BE5 A CONTRADICTION ( :ATEV] !Y HAVE PROMIS$4 ,!Y PROMIS$ TO GU>ANTEE US FRE$OM TO WORK-& !Y HAVE MADE US SLAVES TO ! FACTORY1 TO ! [N]1 TO ! OV]SE]4 ,!Y TOOK ! RESPONSIBILITY = ORGANIZ+ 9DU/RY1 = GU>ANTEE+ \R WELL BE+1 & !Y HAVE GIV5 US 5DLESS CRISES & RESULTANT POV]TY2 !Y PROMIS$ US $UCATION-& WE >E R$UC$ TO ! IMPOSSIBLE TASK ( TEA*+ \RSELVES2 !Y PROMIS$ US POLITICAL FRE$OM1 & HAVE L$ US ON FROM ONE REACTION TO ! NEXT2 !Y PROMIS$ US PEACE1 & HAVE GIV5 US W>S )\T 5D4 ,!Y HAVE FAIL$ 9 ALL !IR PROMISES4 

,BUT ! PEOPLE >E WE>Y ( IT ALL2 !Y >E BEG9N+ TO ASK EA* O!R :]E !Y HAVE 5D$ UP1 AFT] LETT+ !MSELVES BE GULF$ & GOV]N$ = SO LONG BY ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,! ANSW] TO ?AT QUE/ION CAN BE SE5 9 ! ECONOMIC SITUATION ?AT N[ AFFLICTS ,EUROPE4 ,! CRISES ?AT HI!RTO W]E PASS+ CALAMITIES HAVE BECOME *RONIC4 ,! CRISIS 9 COTTON1 ! CRISIS 9 ! METAL 9DU/RY1 ! CRISIS 9 WAT*MAK+1 ALL ( !SE CRISES N[ OCCUR SIMULTANE\SLY & TAKE ON P]MAN5CE4 

,AT ! PRES5T MOM5T ONE CAN C\NT SEV]AL MILLIONS ( PEOPLE \T ( WORK 9 ,EUROPE2 T5S ( ?\S&S PR[L FROM T[N TO T[N1 BEGG+ = !IR LIV+ OR RIOT+ & ) ?REATS DEM&+ WORK OR BREAD6 ,AS ! PEASANTS ( #a<g W&]$ BY ?\S&S OV] ! ROADS )\T F9D+ 9 ! RI* SOIL ( !IR C\NTRY1 APPROPRIAT$ BY ! >I/OCRATS1 A PLOT ( L& TO CULTIVATE OR A HOE TO TILL IT1 SO TODAY ! WORK]S WAIT ) IDLE H&S = LACK ( ACCESS TO ! MAT]IALS & ME TOOLS NE$$ = PRODUCTION BECAUSE !Y >E 9 ! H&S ( A FEW IDL]S4 

,GREAT 9DU/RIES >E ALL[$ TO DIE1 GREAT CITIES LIKE ,%EFFIELD >E TURN$ 9TO DES]TS4 ,!RE IS POV]TY 9 ,5GL&1 ABOVE ALL 9 ,5GL&1 = IT IS !RE ?AT ! 0ECONOMI/S0 HAVE MO/ ?OR\<LY APPLI$ !IR PR9CIPLES1 BUT !RE IS POV]TY ALSO 9 ,ALSACE & HUNG] 9 ,SPA9 & ,ITALY4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T EXI/S EV]Y:]E1 & ) UNEMPLOYM5T1 M]E LACK BECOMES REAL POV]TY2 ANEMIC *ILDR5 & WOM5 AG+ FIVE YE>S 9 A S+LE W9T]2 SICKNESS MOV+ ) GREAT SWEEPS ?R\< ! RANKS ( ! WORK]S6 ,?IS IS :AT WE HAVE ATTA9$ UND] ! RULE ( ! CAPITALI/S4 

,& !Y TALK TO US ( OV]-PRODUCTION6 ,OV]-PRODUCTION8 ,:5 ! M9] :O PILES UP M\NTA9S ( COAL HAS NO MONEY TO PAY = A FIRE 9 ! DEP? ( W9T]8 ,:5 ! WEAV] :O PRODUCES MILES ( CLO? CANNOT AF=D %IRTS = HIS RAGG$ *ILDR58 ,:5 ! MASON :O BUILDS A PALACE LIVES 9 A HOVEL1 & ! SEAM/RESS :O CREATES MA/]PIECES = ! FA%IONABLE DRESS %OPS HAS ONLY ONE RAGG$ %AWL TO PROTECT H] 9 ALL WEA!RS8 

,IS ?IS :AT !Y CALL ! ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY8 ,ONE MI<T RA!R CALL IT A SECRET ALLIANCE ( ! CAPITALI/S TO TAME ! WORK]S BY HUNG]4 

,WE >E TOLD ?AT CAPITAL1 ?AT PRODUCT ( WORK ( ALL HUMANK9D :I* HAS BE5 ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! H&S ( ! FEW1 IS FLEE+ FROM AGRICULTURE & 9DU/RY = LACK ( CONFID5CE4 ,BUT :]E WILL IT F9D ITS P]*1 ONCE IT HAS LEFT ! /RONG-BOXES8 

,9 FACT1 IT HAS MANY ADVANTAGE\S DE/9ATIONS4 ,IT CAN GO TO FURNI% ! H>EMS ( ! ,SULTAN2 IT CAN SUPPLY ! W>S1 SU/A9+ ! ,RUSSIAN AGA9/ ! ,TURK &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ,TURK AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN4 ,OR1 ALT]NATIVELY1 IT CAN BE US$ TO F\ND A JO9T /OCK COMPANY1 NOT TO PRODUCE ANY?+1 BUT SIMPLY TO LEAD 9 A C\PLE ( YE>S TO A SC&AL\S FAILURE AS SOON AS ! F9ANCIAL BIG%OTS HAVE )DRAWN1 TAK+ MILLIONS ) !M AS ! REW>D = !IR 0IDEA40 ,OR1 AGA91 CAPITAL CAN BE US$ TO CON/RUCT USELESS RAILWAYS1 OV] ! ,GO?>D1 9 ,JAPAN1 ACROSS ! ,SAH>A IF NE$ BE-PROVID$ ?AT ! ,RO?S*ILDS :O UND]WRITE !M1 ! 5G9E]S 9 *>GE & ! CONTRACTORS CAN MAKE A FEW MILLION EA*4 

,BUT ABOVE ALL1 CAPITAL CAN PLUNGE 9TO SPECULATION1 ! GREAT GAME ( ! /OCK EX*ANGE4 ,! CAPITALI/ GAMBLES ON >TIFICIALLY 9DUC$ 9CREASES 9 ! PRICE ( :EAT OR COTTON2 HE GAMBLES ON POLITICS1 ON ! RIS+ PRICES 9DUC$ BY SOME RUMOR ( RE=M OR SOME LEAK$ DIPLOMATIC NOTE2 & V]Y (T5-WE SEE IT EV]Y DAY-! GOV]NM5T (FICIALS !MSELVES DABBLE 9 !SE SPECULATIONS4 

,SPECULATION KILL+ 9DU/RY-?AT IS :AT !Y CALL ! 9TELLIG5T MANAGEM5T ( BUS9ESS6 ,IT IS = ?AT ! CAPITALI/S TELL US ?AT WE %\LD SUPPORT !M6 

,9 BRIEF1 ECONOMIC *AOS IS AT ITS HEI<T4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS *AOS CANNOT LA/ = LONG4 ,! PEOPLE >E TIR$ ( CRISES PROVOK$ BY ! GRE$ ( ! RUL+ CLASSES2 !Y WANT TO LIVE BY WORK+ & NOT TO SUFF] YE>S ( POV]TY1 SEASON$ BY HUMILIAT+ *>ITY1 = ! SAKE ( P]HAPS TWO OR ?REE YE>S ( EXHAU/+ WORK1 SOMETIMES MORE OR LESS ASSUR$1 BUT ALWAYS BADLY REMUN]AT$4 

,! WORK] IS BECOM+ AW>E ( ! 9CAPACITY ( ! GOV]N+ CLASSES2 !IR 9CAPACITY TO UND]/& HIS [N NEW ASPIRATIONS2 !IR 9CAPACITY TO MANAGE 9DU/RY2 !IR 9CAPACITY TO ORGANIZE PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE4 

,! PEOPLE WILL SOON DECL>E ! DEPOSITION ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,!Y WILL TAKE MATT]S 9TO !IR [N H&S AS SOON AS ! PROPITI\S MOM5T (F]S ITSELF4 

,?AT MOM5T CANNOT BE F> (F1 S9CE ! V]Y DIFFICULTIES ?AT >E GNAW+ AWAY AT 9DU/RY WILL PRECIPITATE IT1 & ITS ADV5T WILL BE HA/5$ BY ! BREAKD[N ( ! ,/ATE1 A BREAKD[N ?AT 9 \R DAY HAS 5T]$ ITS F9AL PRECIPITATE PHASE4 

7,S\RCE3 ,FIR/ PUBLI%$ DUR+ ,KROPOTK9'S IMPRISONM5T1 ?IS COLLECTION CONTA9S >TICLES WRITT5 BETWE5 #ahgi & #a#h#h#b4 ,ACTUALLY PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#h#e47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhd 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#b1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

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