,!Y ,:O ,M>RY ,DO ,ILL 

#aig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,VOLTAIR9E ,DE ,CLEYRE 

,TAGS 3 FREE DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ADVOCATES ( M>RIAGE1 RI<T & WRONG1 SOCIAL & SEXUAL1 M5 & WOM51 DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIVIDUALITY1 DESIRE = FOOD1 LIFE 9 COMMON1 CIVIL C]EMONY4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY JOEY ZANOTTI1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE 7,A LECTURE PRES5T+ ! NEGATIVE SIDE ( ! QUE/ION1 :OSE POSITIVE WAS >GU$ UND] ! HEAD+ 0,!Y :O M>RY DO WELL10 BY ,DR4 ,H5RIETTA ,P4 ,WE/BROOK2 BO? LECTURES DELIV]$ BE=E ! ,RADICAL ,LIB]AL ,LEAGUE1 ,PHILADELPHIA1 ,APRIL #b#h1 #a#i#g47 

,L,E,T ,M,E MAKE MYSELF UND]/OOD ON TWO PO9TS1 N[1 SO ?AT :5 DISCUSSION >ISES LAT]1 WORDS MAY NOT BE WA/$ 9 CONSID]+ ?+S NOT 9 QUE/ION3  

,FIR/ -,H[ %ALL WE MEASURE DO+ WELL OR DO+ ILL2 

 ,SECOND -,:AT ,I MEAN BY M>RIAGE4 

,SO MU* AS ,I HAVE BE5 ABLE TO PUT TOGE!R ! PIECES ( ! UNIV]SE 9 MY SMALL HEAD1 !RE IS NO ABSOLUTE RI<T OR WRONG2 !RE IS ONLY A RELATIVITY1 DEP5D+ ON ! CONSCI\SLY ?\< V]Y SL[LY ALT]+ CONDITION ( A SOCIAL RACE 9 RESPECT TO ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,RI<T & WRONG >E SOCIAL CONCEPTIONS3 M9D1 ,I DO NOT SAY HUMAN CONCEPTIONS4 ,! NAMES 0RI<T0 & 0WRONG10 TRULY1 >E ( HUMAN 9V5TION ONLY2 BUT ! CONCEPTION 0RI<T0 & 0WRONG10 DIMLY OR CLE>LY1 HAS BE5 WR\<T \T ) MORE OR LESS EFFECTIV5ESS BY ALL 9TELLIG5T SOCIAL BE+S4 ,& ! DEF9ITION ( ,RI<T1 AS SEAL$ & APPROV$ BY ! SUCCESSFUL CONDUCT ( SOCIAL BE+S1 IS3 ,?AT MODE ( BEHAVIOR :I* BE/ S]VES ! GR[+ NE$ ( ?AT SOCIETY4 

,AS TO :AT ?AT NE$ IS1 C]TA9LY IT HAS BE5 9 ! PA/1 & = ! MO/ P>T 9DICAT$ BY ! UNCONSCI\S RESPONSE ( ! /RUCTURE 7SOCIAL OR 9DIVIDUAL7 TO ! PRESSURE ( ITS 5VIRONM5T4 ,UP TILL A FEW YE>S S9CE ,I BELIEV$ ) ,HUXLEY1 ,VON ,H>TMAN1 & MY TEA*] ,LUM1 ?AT IT WAS :OLLY SO DET]M9$2 ?AT CONSCI\SNESS MI<T DISC]N1 & OBEY OR OPPOSE1 BUT HAD NO VOICE 9 DECID+ ! C\RSE ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T3 IF IT DECID$ TO OPPOSE1 IT DID SO TO ITS [N RU91 NOT TO ! MODIFICATION ( ! UNCONSCI\SLY DET]M9$ IDEAL4 

,( LATE YE>S ,I HAVE BE5 APPROA*+ ! CONCLUSION ?AT CONSCI\SNESS HAS A CONT9U\SLY 9CREAS+ P>T 9 ! DECISION ( SOCIAL PROBLEMS2 ?AT :ILE IT IS A M9OR VOICE1 & MU/ BE = A LONG TIME TO COME1 IT IS1 NEV]!LESS1 ! DAWN+ P[] :I* ?REAT5S TO OV]HURL OLD PROCESSES & OLD LAWS1 & SUPPLANT !M BY O!R P[]S & O!R IDEALS4 ,I KN[ NO MORE FASC9AT+ SPECULATION ?AN ?IS1 ( ! ROLE ( CONSCI\SNESS 9 PRES5T & FUTURE EVOLUTION4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS NOT \R PRES5T SPECULATION4 ,I SPEAK ( IT ONLY BECAUSE 9 DET]M9+ :AT CON/ITUTES WELL-BE+ AT PRES5T1 ,I %ALL MA9TA9 ?AT ! OLD IDEAL HAS BE5 CONSID]ABLY MODIFI$ BY UNCONSCI\S REACTION AGA9/ ! SUP]FLUITIES PRODUC$ BY UNCONSCI\S /RIV+ T[>DS A C]TA9 5D4 

,! QUE/ION N[ BECOMES3 ,:AT IS ! GR[+ IDEAL ( HUMAN SOCIETY1 UNCONSCI\SLY 9DICAT$ & UNCONSCI\SLY DISC]N$ & ILLUM9AT$8 

,BY ALL ! READ+S ( PROGRESS1 ?IS 9DICATION APPE>S TO BE ! FREE 9DIVIDUAL2 A SOCIETY :OSE ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 SOCIAL & SEXUAL ORGANIZATION %ALL SECURE & CON/ANTLY 9CREASE ! SCOPE ( BE+ TO ITS SEV]AL UNITS2 :OSE SOLID>ITY & CONT9UITY DEP5D UPON ! FREE ATTRACTION ( ITS COMPON5T P>TS1 & 9 NO WISE UPON COMPULSORY =MS4 ,UNLESS WE >E AGRE$ ?AT ?IS IS ! DISC]NIBLE GOAL ( \R PRES5T SOCIAL /RIV+1 !RE IS NO HOPE ?AT WE %ALL AGREE 9 ! RE/ ( ! >GUM5T4 ,= IT W\LD BE VA/LY EASY TO PROVE ?AT IF ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! OLD DIVISIONS ( SOCIETY 9TO CLASSES1 EA* ) SPECIALIZ$ S]VICES TO P]=M -! PRIE/HOOD1 ! MILIT>Y1 ! WAGE E>N]1 ! CAPITALI/1 ! DOME/IC S]VANT1 ! BRE$]1 ETC4 -IS 9 ACCORD ) ! GR[+ =CE ( SOCIETY1 !N M>RIAGE IS ! ?+1 & !Y :O M>RY DO WELL4 

,BUT ?IS IS ! PO9T AT :I* ,I /&1 & FROM :I* ,I %ALL MEASURE WELL & ILL-DO+2 VIZ43 ?AT ! AIM ( SOCIAL /RIV+ N[ IS ! FREE 9DIVIDUAL1 IMPLY+ ALL ! CONDITIONS NECESS>Y TO ?AT FRE$OM4 

,N[ ! SECOND ?+3 ,:AT %ALL WE UND]/& AS M>RIAGE8 

,SOME FIFTE5 OR EI<TE5 YE>S AGO1 :5 ,I HAD NOT BE5 \T ( ! CONV5T LONG 5\< TO =GET ITS TEA*+S1 NOR LIV$ & EXP]I5C$ 5\< TO WORK \T MY [N DEF9ITIONS1 ,I CONSID]$ ?AT M>RIAGE WAS 0A SACRAM5T ( ! ,*UR*0 OR IT WAS 0CIVIL C]EMONY P]=M$ BY ! ,/ATE10 BY :I* A MAN & A WOMAN W]E UNIT$ = LIFE1 OR UNTIL ! DIVORCE C\RT SEP>AT$ !M4 ,) ALL ! 5]GY ( A NEOPHYTE FREE?9K]1 ,I ATTACK$ RELIGI\S M>RIAGE AS AN UNW>RANT$ 9T]F]5CE ON ! P>T ( ! PRIE/ ) ! AFFAIRS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 CONDEMN$ ! 0UNTIL DEA? DO US P>T0 PROMISE AS ONE ( ! IMMORALITIES :I* MADE A P]SON A SLAVE ?R\< ALL HIS FUTURE TO HIS PRES5T FEEL+S1 & URG$ ! MIS]ABLE VULG>ITY ( BO? ! RELIGI\S & CIVIL C]EMONY1 BY :I* ! 9TIMATE P]SONAL RELATIONS ( TWO 9DIVIDUALS >E MADE TOPIC ( COMM5T & JE/ BY ! PUBLIC4 

,BY ALL ?IS ,I /ILL HOLD4 ,NO?+ IS MORE DISGU/+LY VULG> TO ME ?AN ! SO-CALL$ SACRAM5T ( M>RIAGE2 \TRAG+ ( ALL DELICACY 9 ! TRUMPET+ ( PRIVATE MATT]S 9 ! G5]AL E>4 ,NE$ ,I RECALL1 = EXAMPLE1 ! UNPR9T$ & UNPR9TABLE FLOAT+ LIT]ATURE CONC]N+ ! M>RIAGE ( ,ALICE ,ROOSEVELT1 :5 ! SO-CALL$ 0,AM]ICAN PR9CESS0 WAS T>GET$ BY EV]Y LEWD JE/] 9 ! C\NTRY1 BECAUSE1 =SOO?1 ! :OLE WORLD HAD TO BE 9=M$ ( H] =?COM+ UNION ) ,MR4 ,LONGWOR?6 ,BUT IT IS NEI!R ! RELIGI\S NOR ! CIVIL C]EMONY ?AT ,I REF] TO N[1 :5 ,I SAY ?AT 0?OSE :O M>RY DO ILL40 ,! C]EMONY IS ONLY A =M1 A <O/1 A MEATLESS %ELL4 ,BY M>RIAGE ,I MEAN ! REAL ?+1 ! P]MAN5T RELATION ( A MAN & A WOMAN1 SEXUAL & ECONOMICAL1 :]EBY ! PRES5T HOME & FAMILY LIFE IS MA9TA9$4 ,IT IS ( NO IMPORTANCE TO ME :E!R ?IS IS A POLYGAM\S1 POLY&RIC OR MONOGAM\S M>RIAGE1 NOR :E!R IT IS BLESS$ BY A PRIE/1 P]MITT$ BY A MAGI/RATE1 CONTRACT$ PUBLICLY OR PRIVATELY1 OR NOT CONTRACT$ AT ALL4 ,IT IS ! P]MAN5T DEP5D5T RELATION%IP :I*1 ,I AFFIRM1 IS DETRIM5TAL TO ! GR[? ( 9DIVIDUAL *>ACT]1 & TO :I* ,I AM UNEQUIVOCALLY OPPOS$4 ,N[ MY OPPON5TS KN[ :]E TO F9D ME4 

,9 ! OLD DAYS TO :I* ,I HAVE ALLUD$1 ,I CONT5D$1 W>MLY & S9C]ELY1 = ! EXCLUSIVE UNION ( ONE MAN & ONE WOMAN AS LONG AS !Y W]E HELD TOGE!R BY LOVE1 & = ! DISSOLUTION ( ! >RANGEM5T UPON ! DESIRE ( EI!R4 ,WE TALK$ 9 ?OSE DAYS MO/ 5?USIA/ICALLY AB\T ! BOND ( LOVE1 & IT ONLY4 ,N[ADAYS ,I W\LD SAY ?AT ,I PREF] TO SEE A M>RIAGE BAS$ PURELY ON BUS9ESS CONSID]ATIONS1 ?AN A M>RIAGE BAS$ ON LOVE4 ,?AT IS NOT BECAUSE ,I AM 9 ! LEA/ CONC]N$ ) ! SUCCESS ( ! M>RIAGE1 BUT BECAUSE ,I AM CONC]N$ ) ! SUCCESS ( LOVE4 ,& ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! EASIE/1 SURE/ & MO/ APPLICABLE ME?OD ( KILL+ LOVE IS M>RIAGE --M>RIAGE AS ,I HAVE DEF9$ IT4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! ONLY WAY TO PRES]VE LOVE 9 ANY?+ LIKE ! EC/ATIC CONDITION :I* R5D]S IT WOR?Y ( A DI/9CTIVE NAME --O!RWISE IT IS EI!R LU/ OR SIMPLY FRI5D%IP --IS TO MA9TA9 ! DI/ANCES4 ,NEV] ALL[ LOVE TO BE VULG>IZ$ BY ! 9DEC5CIES ( CONT9U\S CLOSE COMMUNION4 ,BETT] TO BE 9 FAMILI> CONTEMPT ( Y\R 5EMY ?AN ! ONE Y\ LOVE4 

,I PRESUME ?AT SOME :O >E UNACQUA9T$ ) MY OPPOSITION TO LEGAL & SOCIAL =MS1 >E READY TO EXCLAIM3 0,DO Y\ WANT TO DO AWAY ) ! RELATION ( ! SEXES ALTOGE!R1 & COV] ! E>? ) MONKS & NUNS80 ,BY NO MEANS4 ,:ILE ,I AM NOT OV] & ABOVE ANXI\S AB\T ! REPOPULATION ( ! E>?1 & %\LD NOT %$ ANY TE>S IF ,I KNEW ?AT ! LA/ MAN HAD ALREADY BE5 BORN1 ,I AM NOT ADVOCAT+ SEXUAL TOTAL AB/95CE4 ,IF ! ADVOCATES ( M>RIAGE HAD M]ELY TO PROVE ! CASE AGA9/ COMPLETE SEXUAL AB/95CE1 !IR TASK W\LD BE EASY4 ,! /ATI/ICS ( 9SANITY1 & 9 G5]AL ALL MANN] ( AB]RATIONS1 W\LD ALONE CON/ITUTE A BIG ITEM 9 ! *>GE4 ,NO3 ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ! HI<E/ HUMAN BE+ IS ! UNSEX$ ONE1 OR ! ONE :O EXTIRPATES HIS PASSIONS BY VIOL5CE1 :E!R RELIGI\S OR SCI5TIFIC VIOL5CE4 ,I W\LD HAVE PEOPLE REG>D ALL !IR NORMAL 9/9CTS 9 A NORMAL WAY1 NEI!R GLUTTONIZ+ NOR />V+ !M1 NEI!R EXALT+ !M BEYOND !IR TRUE S]VICE NOR D5\NC+ !M AS ! S]VITORS ( EVIL1 BO? ( :I* MANK9D >E WONT TO DO 9 CONSID]+ ! SEXUAL PASSION4 ,9 %ORT1 ,I W\LD HAVE M5 & WOM5 SO >RANGE !IR LIVES ?AT !Y %ALL ALWAYS1 AT ALL TIMES1 BE FREE BE+S 9 ?IS REG>D AS 9 ALL O!RS4 ,! LIMIT ( AB/95CE OR 9DULG5CE CAN BE FIX$ BY ! 9DIVIDUAL ALONE1 :AT IS NORMAL = ONE BE+ EXCESS = ANO!R1 & :AT IS EXCESS AT ONE P]IOD ( LIFE BE+ NORMAL AT ANO!R4 ,& AS TO ! EFFECTS ( SU* NORMAL GRATIFICATION ( SU* NORMAL APPETITE UPON POPULATION1 ,I W\LD HAVE !M CONSCI5TI\SLY CONTROLL$1 AS !Y CAN BE1 >E TO SOME EXT5T N[1 & WILL BE MORE & MORE ?R\< ! PROGRESS ( KN[L$GE4 ,! BIR? RATE ( ,FRANCE & ( NATIVE-BORN ,AM]ICANS GIVES EVID5CE ( SU* CONSCI\S CONTROL4 

0,BUT10 SAY ! ADVOCATES ( M>RIAGE1 0:AT IS !RE 9 M>RIAGE TO 9T]F]E ) ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL8 ,:AT DOES ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL MEAN1 IF NOT ! EXPRESSION ( MANHOOD & WOMANHOOD8 ,& :AT IS MORE ESS5TIAL TO EI!R ?AN P>5TAGE & ! RE>+ ( Y\NG8 ,& IS NOT ! FACT ?AT ! LATT] REQUIRES A P]IOD ( FROM FIFTE5 TO TW5TY YE>S1 ! ESS5TIAL NE$ :I* DET]M9ES ! P]MAN5T HOME80 ,IT IS ! SCI5TIFIC ADVOCATE ( M>RIAGE ?AT TALKS ?IS WAY4 ,! RELIGI\S MAN BASES HIS TALK ON ! WILL ( ,GOD1 OR SOME O!R SU* METAPHYSICAL MATT]4 ,I DO NOT CONC]N MYSELF ) HIM2 ,I CONC]N MYSELF ONLY ?OSE :O CONT5D ?AT AS ,MAN IS ! LATE/ L9K 9 EVOLUTION1 ! SAME RACIAL NECESSITIES :I* DET]M9E ! SOCIAL & SEXUAL RELATIONS ( ALLI$ RACES WILL BE F\ND %AP+ & DET]M9+ !SE RELATIONS 9 ,MAN2 & ?AT1 AS WE F9D AMONG ! HI<] ANIMALS ?AT ! P]IOD ( RE>+ ! Y\NG TO ! PO9T ( C>+ = !MSELVES USUALLY DET]M9ES ! P]IOD ( CONJUGALITY1 IT MU/ BE CONCLUD$ ?AT ! GREAT] ATTA9M5TS ( ,MAN1 :I* HAVE SO GREATLY L5G!N$ ! $UCATIONAL P]IOD ( Y\?1 MU/ LIKEWISE HAVE FIX$ ! P]MAN5T FAMILY RELATION AS ! IDEAL CONDITION = HUMANITY4 ,?IS IS BUT ! CONSCI\S EXT5SION ( :AT UNCONSCI\SNESS1 OR P]HAPS SEMI-CONSCI\S ADAPTATION1 HAD ALREADY DET]M9$ = ! HI<] ANIMALS1 & 9 SAVAGE RACES TO AN EXT5T4 ,IF PEOPLE >E REASONABLE1 S5SIBLE1 SELF-CONTROLL$ 7AS TO O!R PEOPLE !Y WILL KEEP !MSELVES ANYWAY1 NO MATT] H[ ?+S >E >RANG$71 DOES NOT ! M>RIAGE /ATE SECURE ?IS GREAT FUNDAM5TAL PURPOSE ( ! PRIMAL SOCIAL FUNCTION1 :I* IS AT ! SAME TIME AN IMP]ATIVE DEM& ( 9DIVIDUAL DEVELOPM5T1 BETT] ?AN ANY O!R >RANGEM5T8 ,) ALL ITS FAILURES1 IS IT NOT ! BE/ ?AT HAS BE5 TRI$1 OR ) \R PRES5T LI<T HAS BE5 CONCEIV$8 

,9 5DEAVOR+ TO PROVE ! OPPOSITE ( ?IS CONT5TION1 ,I %ALL NOT GO TO ! FAILURES TO PROVE MY PO9T4 ,IT IS NOT MY PURPOSE TO %[ ?AT A VA/ NUMB] ( M>RIAGES DO NOT SUCCE$2 ! DIVORCE C\RT RECORDS DO ?AT4 ,BUT AS ONE SWALL[ DOESN'T MAKE A SUMM]1 NOR A FLOCK ( SWALL[S EI!R1 SO DIVORCES DO NOT 9 !MSELVES PROVE ?AT M>RIAGE 9 ITSELF IS A BAD ?+1 ONLY ?AT A GOODLY NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS MAKE MI/AKES4 ,?IS IS1 9DE$1 AN UNANSW]ABLE >GUM5T AGA9/ ! 9DISSOLUBILITY ( M>RIAGE1 BUT NOT AGA9/ M>RIAGE ITSELF4 ,I WILL GO TO ! SUCCESSFUL M>RIAGES --! M>RIAGES 9 :I* :ATEV] ! FRICTION1 MAN & WIFE HAVE SP5T A GREAT DEAL ( AGREEABLE TIME TOGE!R2 9 :I* ! FAMILY HAS BE5 PROVID$ = BY HONE/ WORK DEC5TLY PAID 7AS ! WAGE-SY/EM GOES71 ( ! FA!R1 & PRES]V$ )9 ! HOME BY ! SAV+ LABOR & ATT5TION ( ! MO!R2 ! *ILDR5 GIV5 A REASONABLE $UCATION & />T$ 9 LIFE ON !IR [N ACC\NT1 & ! OLD FOLKS LEFT TO F9I% UP LIFE TOGE!R1 EA* RE/+ SECURE 9 ! KN[L$GE ?AT HE HAS A TRI$ FRI5D UNTIL DEA? SEV]S ! BOND4 ,?IS1 ,I CONCEIVE1 IS ! BE/ =M ?AT M>RIAGE CAN PRES5T1 & ,I OP9E IT IS (T5] DREAM$ ( ?AN REALIZ$4 ,BUT SOMETIMES IT IS REALIZ$4 ,YET FROM ! VIEWPO9T ?AT ! OBJECT ( LIFE %\LD BE ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIVIDUALITY1 SU* HAVE LIV$ LESS SUCCESSFULLY ?AN MANY :O HAVE NOT LIV$ SO HAPPILY4 

,& TO ! FIR/ GREAT PO9T -! PO9T ?AT PHYSICAL P>5TAGE IS ONE ( ! FUNDAM5TAL NECESSITIES ( SELF-EXPRESSION3 H]E1 ,I ?9K1 IS :]E ! FACTOR ( CONSCI\SNESS IS 9 PROCESS ( OV]TURN+ ! ME?ODS ( LIFE4 ,LIFE1 WORK+ UNCONSCI\SLY1 BL9DLY S\<T TO PRES]VE ITSELF BY G5]ATION1 BY MANIFOLD G5]ATION4 ,! M9D IS SIMPLY /AGG]$ BY ! PRODUCTIVITY ( A S+LE /ALK ( :EAT1 OR ( A FI%1 OR ( A QUE5 BEE1 OR ( A MAN4 ,ONE IS SMITT5 ! APPALL+ WA/E ( G5]ATIVE EF=T2 NUMB$ ) HELPLESS PITY = ! LITTLE ?+S1 ! 9F9ITUDE ( LITTLE LIVES1 ?AT MU/ COME =? & SUFF] & DIE ( />VATION1 ( EXPOSURE1 AS A PREY TO O!R CREATURES1 & ALL TO NO 5D BUT ?AT \T ( ! MULTITUDE A FEW MAY SURVIVE & CONT9UE ! TYPE6 ,MAN1 AT W> ) NATURE & NOT YET MA/] ( ! SITUATION1 OBEY$ ! SAME 9/9CT1 & BY PROLIFIC P>5TAGE MA9TA9$ HIS W>4 ,TO ! ,HEBREW PATRI>* AS TO ! ,AM]ICAN PIONE]1 A L>GE FAMILY MEANT /R5G?1 ! WEAL? ( BRAWN & S9EW TO CONT9UE ! CONQUE/ ( =E/ & FIELD4 ,IT WAS ! ONLY RES\RCE AGA9/ ANNIHILATION4 ,!RE=1 ! 9/9CT T[>DS PHYSICAL CREATION WAS ONE ( ! MO/ IMP]ATIVE DET]M9ANTS ( ACTION4 

,N[ ! LAW ( ALL 9/9CT IS1 ?AT IT SURVIVES LONG AFT] ! NECESSITY :I* CREAT$ IT HAS CEAS$ TO EXI/1 & ACTS MIS*IEV\SLY4 ,! USUAL ME?OD ( RECKON+ ) SU* A SURVIVAL S9CE SU* & SU* A ?+ EXI/S1 IT IS AN ESS5TIAL P>T ( ! /RUCTURE1 NOT OBLIG$ TO ACC\NT = ITSELF & B\ND TO BE GRATIFI$4 ,I AM P]FECTLY C]TA91 H[EV]1 ?AT ! MORE CONSCI\S CONSCI\SNESS BECOMES1 OR 9 O!R WORDS1 ! MORE WE BECOME AW>E ( ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE & \R RELATIONS !RE91 !IR NEW DEM&S & ! BE/ WAY ( FULFILL+ !M1 ! MORE SPE$ILY WILL 9/9CTS NO LONG] DEM&$ BE DISSOLV$ FROM ! /RUCTURE4 

,H[ /&S ! W> UPON NATURE N[8 ,:Y1 SO -?AT %ORT ( A PLANET>Y CATA/ROPHE1 WE >E C]TA9 ( ! CONQUE/8 ,CONSCI\SNESS6 ,! AL]T BRA96 ,! DOM9ANT WILL6 ,9V5TION1 DISCOV]Y1 MA/]Y ( HIDD5 =CES4 ,WE >E NO LONG] COMPELL$ TO USE ! BL9D ME?OD ( LIMITLES PROPAGATION TO EQUIP ! RACE ) HUNT]S & TRAPP]S & FI%]S & %EEP-KEEP]S & SOIL-TILL]S & BRE$]S4 ,!RE=1 ! ORIG9AL NECESSITY :I* GAVE RISE TO ! 9/9CT ( PROLIFIC P>5TAGE IS GONE2 ! 9/9CT ITSELF IS B\ND TO DIE1 & IS DY+1 BUT WILL DIE FA/] AS M5 GRASP MORE & MORE ( ! :OLE SITUATION4 ,9 PROPORTION AS ! P>5?OOD ( ! BRA9 BECOMES MORE & MORE PROLIFIC1 AS IDEAS SPREAD1 MULTIPLY1 & CONQU]1 ! NECESSITY = GREAT PHYSICAL PRODUCTION DECL9ES4 ,?IS IS MY FIR/ CONT5TION4 ,H5CE ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIVIDUALITY DOES NO LONG] NECESS>ILY IMPLY NUM]\S *ILDR51 NOR 9DE$1 NECESS>ILY ANY *ILDR5 AT ALL4 ,?AT IS NOT TO SAY ?AT NO ONE WILL WANT *ILDR51 NOR TO PROPHECY RACE SUICIDE4 ,IT IS SIMPLY TO SAY ?AT !RE WILL BE FEW] BORN1 ) BETT] *ANCES ( SURVIV+1 DEVELOP+1 & A*IEV+4 ,9DE$1 ) ALL ITS CLA% ( T5D5CIES1 ! CONSCI\SNESS ( \R PRES5T SOCIETY IS HAV+ HIS DRIV5 HOME TO IT4 

,SUPPOS+ ?AT ! MAJORITY WILL /ILL DESIRE1 OR LET ME GO FUR!R & SAY DO /ILL DESIRE1 ?IS LIMIT$ P>5TAGE1 ! QUE/ION N[ BECOMES3 ,IS ?IS ! OV]%AD[+ NE$ 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 OR >E !RE O!R NE$S EQUALLY IMP]ATIVE8 ,IF !RE >E O!R NE$S EQUALLY IMP]ATIVE1 MU/ NOT !SE BE TAK5 EQUALLY 9TO ACC\NT 9 DECID+ ! BE/ MANN] ( CONDUCT+ ONE'S LIFE8 ,IF !RE >E NOT O!R NE$S EQUALLY IMP]ATIVE1 IS IT NOT /ILL AN OP5 QUE/ION :E!R ! M>RI$ /ATE IS ! BE/ MEANS ( SECUR+ IT8 ,9 ANSW]+ !SE QUE/IONS1 ,I ?9K IT WILL AGA9 BE SAFE TO SEP>ATE 9TO A MAJORITY & A M9ORITY4 ,!RE WILL BE A M9ORITY TO :OM ! RE>+ ( *ILDR5 WILL BE ! GREAT DOM9ANT NECESSITY ( !IR BE+1 & A MAJORITY TO :OM ?IS WILL BE ONE ( !IR NECESSITIES4 ,N[ :AT >E ! O!R NECESSITIES8 ,! O!R PHYSICAL & M5TAL APPETITES6 ,! DESIRE = FOOD & RAIM5T & H\S+ AFT] ! 9DIVIDUAL'S [N TA/E2 ! DESIRE = SEXUAL ASSOCIATION1 NOT = REPRODUCTION2 ! >TI/IC DESIRES2 ! DESIRE TO KN[1 ) ITS ?\S& RAMIFICATIONS1 :I* MAY C>RY ! S\L FROM ! DEP?S ( ! CONCRETE TO ! HEI<TS ( ! AB/RACT2 ! DESIRE TO DO1 ?AT IS1 TO IMPR9T ONE'S WILL UPON ! SOCIAL /RUCTURE1 :E!R AS A ME*ANICAL CONTRIV]1 A =CE H>NESS]1 A COMB9]1 A DREAM TRANSLATOR1 -:ATEV] MAY BE ! P>TICUL> MODE ( ! P]SONAL ORGANIZATION4 

,! DESIRE = FOOD1 %ELT]1 & RAIM5T1 IT %\LD AT ALL TIMES LIE )9 ! 9DIVIDUAL'S P[] TO FURNI% = HIMSELF4 ,BUT ! ME?OD ( HOME-KEEP+ IS SU* ?AT AFT] ! RELATION HAS BE5 MA9TA9$ = A FEW YE>S1 ! 9T]DEP5D5CE ( ONE ON ! O!R HAS BECOME SO GREAT ?AT EA* IS SOME:AT HELPLESS :5 CIRCUM/ANCE DE/ROYS ! COMB9ATION1 ! MAN LESS SO1 ! WOMAN WRET*$LY SO4 ,%E HAS DONE ONE ?+ 9 A SECLUD$ SPH]E1 & :ILE %E MAY HAVE LE>N$ TO DO ?AT ?+ WELL 7:I* IS NOT C]TA91 ! ME?OD ( TRA9+ IS NOT AT ALL SATISFACTORY71 IT IS NOT A ?+ :I* HAS EQUIPP$ H] ) ! CONFID5CE NECESS>Y TO GO AB\T MAK+ AN 9DEP5D5T LIV+4 ,%E IS TIMID ABOVE ALL1 9COMPET5T TO DEAL ) ! CONDITIONS ( /RUGGLE4 ,! WORLD ( PRODUCTION HAS SWEPT PA/ H]2 %E KN[S NO?+ ( IT4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 :AT SORT ( AN OCCUPATION IS IT = H] TO TAKE DOME/IC S]VICE UND] SOME O!R WOMAN'S RULE8 ,! CONDITIONS & PAY ( DOME/IC S]VICE >E SU* ?AT EV]Y 9DEP5D5T SPIRIT W\LD PREF] TO SLAVE 9 A FACTORY1 :]E AT LEA/ ! SLAV]Y 5DS ) ! WORK+ H\RS4 ,AS = M51 ONLY A FEW DAYS S9CE A /AUN* FREE UNIONI/ TOLD ME1 APP>5TLY )\T %AME1 ?AT W]E IT NOT = HIS WIFE HE W\LD BE A TRAMP & A DRUNK>D1 SIMPLY BECAUSE HE IS UNABLE TO KEEP A HOME2 & 9 HIS EYES ! *IEF M]IT ( ! >RANGEM5T IS ?AT HIS /OMA* IS PROP]LY C>$ =4 ,?IS IS A DEGREE ( HELPLESSNESS :I* ,I %\LD HAVE ?\<T HE W\LD HAVE %RUNK FROM ADMITT+1 BUT IS NEV]!LESS PROBABLY TRUE4 ,N[ ?IS IS ONE ( ! GREATE/ OBJECTIONS TO ! M>RI$ CONDITION1 AS IT IS TO ANY O!R CONDITION :I* PRODUCES LIKE RESULTS4 ,9 *OOS+ ONE'S ECONOMIC POSITION 9 SOCIETY1 ONE %\LD ALWAYS BE> 9 M9D ?AT IT %\LD BE SU* AS %\LD LEAVE ! 9DIVIDUAL UNCRIPPL$ -AN ALL-R\ND P]SON1 ) BO? PRODUCTIVE & PRES]VATIVE CAPACITIES1 A BE+ PIVOT$ )94 

,CONC]N+ ! SEXUAL APPETITE1 IRRESPECTIVE ( REPRODUCTION1 ! ADVOCATES ( M>RIAGE CLAIM1 & ) SOME REASON1 ?AT IT T5DS TO PRES]VE NORMAL APPETITE & SATISFACTION1 & IS BO? A PHYSICAL & MORAL SAFEQU>D AGA9/ EXCESSES1 ) !IR ATT5DANT RESULTS1 DISEASE4 ,?AT IT DOES NOT DO SO 5TIRELY1 WE HAVE AMPLE & PA9FUL PRO( CONT9U\SLY BE=E \R EYES4 ,AS TO :AT IT MAY ACCOMPLI%1 IT IS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO F9D \T ! TRU?2 = RELIGI\S ASCETICISM HAS SO BUILT ! FEEL+ ( %AME 9TO ! HUMAN M9D1 ON ! SUBJECT ( SEX1 ?AT ! FIR/ 9/9CT1 :5 IT IS BR\<T UND] DISCUSSION1 SEEMS TO BE TO LIE AB\T IT4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY ! CASE ) WOM54 ,! MAJORITY ( WOM5 USUALLY WI% TO CREATE ! IMPRESSION ?AT !Y >E DEVOID ( SEXUAL DESIRES1 & ?9K !Y HAVE PAID ! HI<E/ COMPLIM5T TO !MSELVES :5 !Y SAY1 0,P]SONALLY1 ,I AM V]Y COLD2 ,I HAVE NEV] EXP]I5C$ SU* AN ATTRACTION40 ,SOMETIMES ?IS IS TRUE1 BUT (T5] IT IS A LIE -A LIE BORN ( C5TURIES ( ! P]NICI\S TEA*+S ( ! ,*UR*4 ,A R\NDLY DEVELOP$ P]SON WILL UND]/& ?AT %E PAYS NO HONOR TO H]SELF BY D5Y+ H]SELF FULLNESS ( BE+1 :E!R TO H]SELF OR ( H]SELF2 ?\<1 )\T D\BT1 :]E SU* A DEFICI5CY REALLY EXI/S1 IT MAY GIVE ROOM = AN EXTRA GR[? ( SOME O!R QUALITIES1 P]HAPS ( HI<] VALUE4 ,9 G5]AL1 H[EV]1 NOT)/&+ WOM5'S LIES1 !RE IS NO SU* DEFICI5CY4 ,9 G5]AL1 Y\NG1 HEAL?Y BE+S ( BO? SEXES DESIRE SU* RELATIONS4 ,:AT !N8 ,IS M>RIAGE ! BE/ ANSW] TO ! NE$8 ,SUPPOSE !Y M>RY1 SAY AT TW5TY YE>S1 OR !REAB\TS1 :I* WILL BE ADMITT$ AS ! TIME :5 SEXUAL APPETITE IS MO/ ACTIVE2 ! CONSEQU5CE IS 7,I AM JU/ N[ LEAV+ *ILDR5 \T ( ACC\NT7 ?AT ! TWO >E ?R[N TOO MU* & TOO CON/ANTLY 9 CONTACT1 & SPE$ILY EXHAU/ ! DELI<T ( EA* O!R'S PRES5CE4 ,!N IRRITATIONS BEG94 ,! FAMILI>ITIES ( LIFE 9 COMMON BRE$ CONTEMPT4 ,:AT WAS ONCE A R>E JOY BECOMES A MATT] ( C\RSE1 & LOSES ALL ITS DELICACY4 ,V]Y (T5 IT BECOMES A PHYSICAL TORTURE TO ONE 7USUALLY ! WOMAN71 :ILE IT /ILL RETA9S SOME PLEASURE TO ! O!R1 = ! REASON ?AT BODIES1 LIKE S\LS1 DO MO/ SELDOM1 ALMO/ NEV]1 P>ALLEL EA* O!R'S DEVELOPM5T4 ,& ?IS LACK ( P>ALLELISM IS ! GREATE/ >GUM5T TO BE PRODUC$ AGA9/ M>RIAGE4 ,NO MATT] H[ P]FECTLY ADAPT$ TO EA* O!R TWO PEOPLE MAY BE AT ANY GIV5 TIME1 IT IS NOT ! SLI<TE/ EVID5CE ?AT !Y WILL CONT9UE TO BE SO4 ,& NO P]IOD ( LIFE IS MORE DECEPTIVE AS TO :AT FUTURE DEVELOPM5T MAY BE ?AN ! AGE ,I HAVE JU/ BE5 SPEAK+ (1 ! AGE :5 PHYSICAL DESIRES & ATTRACTIONS BE+ /RONGE/1 !Y OBSCURE OR HOLD 9 ABEYANCE ! O!R ELEM5TS ( BE+4 

,! T]RIBLE TRAG$IES ( SEXUAL ANTIPA?Y1 MO/LY = %AME'S SAKE1 WILL NEV] BE REVEAL$4 ,BUT !Y HAVE FILL$ ! ,E>? ) MURD]4 ,& EV5 9 ?OSE HOMES :]E H>MONY HAS BE5 MA9TA9$1 & ALL IS APP>5TLY PEACEFUL1 IT IS MA9LY SO ?R\< ! RESIGNATION & SELF-SUPPRESSION ( EI!R ! MAN OR ! WOMAN4 ,ONE HAS CONS5T$ TO BE L>GELY EFFAC$1 = ! PRES]VATION ( ! FAMILY & SOCIAL RESPECT4 

,BUT AWFUL AS !SE ?+S >E1 !SE PHYSICAL DEGRADATIONS1 !Y >E NOT SO T]RIBLE AS ! RU9$ S\LS4 ,:5 ! P]IOD ( PHYSICAL PR$OM9ANCE IS PA/1 & S\L-T5D5CIES BEG9 MORE & MORE /RONGLY TO ASS]T !MSELVES1 H[ DREADFUL IS ! RECOGNITION ?AT ONE IS B\ND BY COMMON P>5TAGE TO ONE TO REMA9 9 ! CON/ANT COMPANY ( ONE FROM :OM ONE F9DS ONESELF GO+ F>!R & F>!R AWAY 9 ?\<T EV]Y DAY4 -0,NOT A DAY10 EXCLAIM ! ADVOCATES ( 0FREE UNIONS40 ,I F9D SU* EXCLAMATION WORSE FOLLY ?AN ! TALK ( 0HOLY MATRIMONY0 BELIEV]S4 ,! BONDS >E !RE1 ! BONDS ( LIFE 9 COMMON1 ! LOVE ( ! HOME BUILT BY JO9T LABOR1 ! HABIT ( ASSOCIATION & DEP5D5CE2 !Y >E V]Y REAL *A9S1 B9D+ BO?1 & NOT TO BE ?R[N (F LI<TLY4 ,NOT 9 A DAY OR A MON?1 BUT ONLY AFT] LONG HESITATION1 /RUGGLE1 & GRIEV\S1 GRIEV\S PA91 CAN ! WR5* ( SEP>ATION COME4 ,(T5] IT DOES NOT COME AT ALL4 

,A *APT] FROM ! LIVES ( TWO M5 REC5TLY DECEAS$ WILL ILLU/RATE MY MEAN+4 ,]NE/ ,CROSBY1 W$D$1 & ,I ASSUME HAPPILY1 TO A LADY ( CONS]VATIVE ?\<T & FEEL+1 HIMSELF ! CONS]VATIVE1 CAME 9TO HIS S\L'S [N AT ! AGE ( ?IRTY-EI<T1 :ILE OCCUPY+ ! POSITION ( ,JUDGE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,C\RT AT ,CAIRO4 ,FROM !N ON1 ! :OLE RADICAL WORLD KN[S ,]NE/ ,CROSBY'S WORK4 ,YET :AT A POSITION WAS HIS COMPELL$ BY HONOR TO CONT9UE ! FUNCTIONS ( A SOCIAL LIFE :I* HE DISLIK$6 ,TO QUOTE ! WORDS ( HIS FRI5D1 ,LEON>D ,ABBOT10A PRISON] 9 HIS PALATIAL HOME1 WAIT$ ON BY S]VANTS & LACKEYS4 ,YET TO ! 5D HE REMA9$ 5SLAV$ BY HIS POSSESSIONS40 ,HAD ,CROSBY NOT BE5 B\ND1 HAD NOT UNION & FAMILY RELATIONS ) ONE :O HOLDS V]Y DIFF]5T VIEWS ( LIFE 9 FAI? & HONOR HELD HIM1 %\LD WE NOT HAVE HAD A DIFF]5T LIFE-SUM8 ,LIKE HIS GREAT TEA*]1 ,TOL/OY1 LIKEWISE MADE ABSURD1 HIS LIFE CONTRADICT$ BY HIS WORKS1 BECAUSE ( HIS UNION ) A WOMAN :O HAS NOT DEVELOP$ ALONG P>ALLEL L9ES4 

,! SECOND CASE1 ,HU< ,O4 ,P5TECO/4 ,FROM ! YE> #ahhg ON1 :ATEV] W]E HIS SPECIAL T5D5CIES1 ,P5TECO/ WAS 9 ! MA9 A SYMPA?IZ] ) ! /RUGGLE ( LABOR1 AN OPPOS] ( OPPRESSION1 P]SECUTION & PROSECUTION 9 ALL =MS4 ,YET ?R\< ! 9FLU5CE ( HIS FAMILY RELATIONS1 BECAUSE HE FELT 9 HONOR B\ND TO PROVIDE GREAT] MAT]IAL COM=T & A BETT] /&+ 9 SOCIETY ?AN ! POSITION ( A RADICAL SPEAK] C\LD GIVE1 HE CONS5T$ AT ONE TIME TO BE ! PUPPET ( ?OSE HE HAD MO/ /R5U\SLY CONDEMN$1 TO BECOME A DI/RICT ATTORNEY1 A PROSECUTOR4 ,& WORSE ?AN ?AT1 TO PA9T HIMSELF AS A MISL$ BABY = HAV+ DONE ! BE/ ACT ( HIS LIFE1 TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! EXECUTION ( ! ,*ICAGO ,AN>*I/S4 ,?AT ?IS 9FLU5CE WAS BR\<T TO BE> UPON HIM1 ,I KN[ FROM HIS [N LIPS2 A REPETITION1 9 A SMALL WAY1 ( ! TREASON ( ,B5$ICT ,>NOLD1 :O = HIS ,TORY WIFE'S SAKE LAID EV]LA/+ 9FAMY UPON HIMSELF4 ,I DO NOT SAY !RE WAS NO SELF-EXCUS+ 9 ?IS1 NO ,EVE-DID-TEMPT-ME TA9T1 BUT SURELY IT HAD ITS 9FLU5CE4 ,I SPEAK ( !SE TWO M5 BECAUSE !SE 9/ANCES >E WELL KN[N2 BUT EV]YONE KN[S ( SU* 9/ANCES AMONG MORE OBSCURE P]SONS1 & (T5 :]E ! WOMAN IS ! ONE :OSE HI<] NATURE IS DEGRAD$ BY ! BOND BETWE5 H]SELF & H] HUSB&4 

,& ?IS IS ONE SIDE ( ! /ORY4 ,:AT ( ! O!R SIDE8 ,:AT ( ! CONS]VATIVE ONE :O F9DS HIMSELF B\ND TO ONE :O \TRAGES EV]Y PR9CIPLE 9 HIS OR H]S8 ,PEOPLE WILL NOT1 & CANNOT1 ?9K & FEEL ! SAME AT ! SAME MOM5TS1 ?R\<\T ANY CONSID]ABLE P]IOD ( LIFE2 & !RE=1 !IR MOM5TS ( UNION %\LD BE R>E & ( NO B9D+ NATURE4 

,I RETURN TO ! SUBJECT ( *ILDR54 ,S9CE ?IS ALSO IS A NORMAL DESIRE1 CAN IT NOT BE GRATIFI$ )\T ! SACRIFICE ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM REQUIR$ BY M>RIAGE8 ,I SEE NO REASON :Y IT CANNOT4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT *ILDR5 MAY BE AS WELL BR\<T UP 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL HOME1 OR 9 A COMMUNAL HOME1 AS 9 A DUAL HOME2 & ?AT IMPRESSIONS ( LIFE WILL BE F> PLEASANT] IF RECEIV$ 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5T /R5G? ?AN 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( SECRET REPRESSION & DISCONT5T4 ,I HAVE NO V]Y SATISFACTORY SOLUTIONS TO (F] TO ! V>I\S QUE/IONS PRES5T$ BY ! *ILD-PROBLEM2 BUT NEI!R DO ! ADVOCATES ( M>RIAGE4 ,C]TA9 TO ME IT IS1 ?AT NO ONE ( ! DEM&S ( LIFE %\LD EV] BE ANSW]$ 9 A MANN] TO PRECLUDE FUTURE FREE DEVELOPM5T4 ,I HAVE SE5 NO GREAT SUCCESS FROM ! OLD ME?OD ( RAIS+ *ILDR5 UND] ! 9DISSOLUBLE M>RIAGE YOKE ( ! P>5TS4 7,\R CONS]VATIVE P>5TS PROBABLY CONSID] !IR RADICAL *ILDR5 GREAT FAILURES1 ?\< IT PROBABLY DOES NOT OCCUR TO !M ?AT !IR SY/EM IS 9 ANY WAY AT FAULT47 ,NEI!R HAVE ,I OBS]V$ A GA9 9 ! *ILD ( ! FREE UNION4 ,NEI!R HAVE ,I OBS]V$ ?AT ! 9DIVIDUALLY RAIS$ *ILD IS ANY MORE LIKELY TO BE A SUCCESS OR A FAILURE4 ,UP TO ! PRES5T1 NO ONE HAS GIV5 A SCI5TIFIC ANSW] TO ! *ILD PROBLEM4 ,?OSE PAP]S :I* MAKE A SPECIALTY ( IT1 SU* AS ,LUCIF]1 >E FULL ( GUESSES & !ORIES & SUGGE/$ EXP]IM5TS2 BUT NO 9FALLIBLE PR9CIPALS = ! GUIDANCE ( 9T5TIONAL OR ACTUAL P>5TS HAVE AS YET BE5 WORK$ \T4 ,!RE=1 ,I SEE NO REASON :Y ! RE/ ( LIFE %\LD BE SACRIFIC$ TO AN UNC]TA9TY4 

,?AT LOVE & RESPECT MAY LA/1 ,I W\LD HAVE UNIONS R>E & IMP]MAN5T4 ,?AT LIFE MAY GR[1 ,I W\LD HAVE M5 & WOM5 REMA9 SEP>ATE P]SONALITIES4 ,HAVE NO COMMON POSSESSIONS ) Y\R LOV] MORE ?AN Y\ MI<T FREELY HAVE ) ONE NOT Y\R LOV]4 ,BECAUSE ,I BELIEVE ?AT M>RIAGE /ALES LOVE1 BR+S RESPECT 9TO CONTEMPT1 \TRAGES ALL ! PRIVACIES & LIMITS ! GR[? ( BO? P>TIES1 ,I BELIEVE ?AT 0!Y :O M>RY DO ILL40 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aif 3 ,!Y ,:O ,M>RY ,DO ,ILL -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #d1 #bag 3 ,!Y ,:O ,M>RY ,DO ,ILL -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a1 #bbb 3 ,!Y ,:O ,M>RY ,DO ,ILL -- ,UPDAT$4 

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