,B5$ICT ,RI*>D ,O',GORMAN ,&]SON 
,IRI%1 ,ANTI-,NATIONALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y & ,HI/ORIAN ( ,9DONESIA 

,SEPTEMB] #b#f1 #aicf -- ,DECEMB] #a#c1 #bae 

,BIOGRAPHY 3 

  

,IMAGE FROM ,N,Y,T4COM ,&]SON IS BE/ KN[N = HIS #aihc BOOK1 ,IMAG9$ ,COMMUNITIES3 ,REFLECTIONS ON ! ,ORIG9 & ,SPREAD ( ,NATIONALISM1 9 :I* HE EXAM9$ H[ NATIONALISM L$ TO ! CREATION ( NATIONS1 OR AS ! TITLE PUTS IT1 IMAG9$ COMMUNITIES4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 AN 0IMAG9$ COMMUNITY0 DOES NOT MEAN ?AT A NATIONAL COMMUNITY IS FAKE1 BUT RA!R REF]S TO ,&]SON'S POSITION ?AT ANY COMMUNITY SO L>GE ?AT ITS MEMB]S DO NOT KN[ EA* ANO!R ON A FACE-TO-FACE BASIS MU/ BE IMAG9$ TO SOME DEGREE4 

,ACCORD+ TO ,&]SON1 PREVI\S ,M>XI/ & LIB]AL ?9K]S DID NOT FULLY APPRECIATE NATIONALISM'S P[]1 WRIT+ 9 HIS BOOK ?AT 0,UNLIKE MO/ O!R ISMS1 NATIONALISM HAS NEV] PRODUC$ ITS [N GR& ?9K]S3 NO ,HOBBESES1 ,TOCQUEVILLES1 ,M>XES OR ,WEB]S40 ,&]SON BEG9S HIS WORK BY BR++ UP ?REE P>ADOXES ( NATIONALISM ?AT HE W\LD ADDRESS 9 ! WORK3 

,NATIONALISM IS A REC5T & MOD]N CREATION DESPITE NATIONS BE+ ?\<T ( BY MO/ PEOPLE AS OLD & TIMELESS2 
,NATIONALISM IS UNIV]SAL 9 ?AT EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL BELONGS TO A NATION1 YET EA* NATION IS SUPPOS$LY COMPLETELY DI/9CT FROM EV]Y O!R NATION2 
,NATIONALISM IS AN IDEA SO 9FLU5TIAL ?AT PEOPLE WILL DIE = !IR NATIONS1 YET AT ! SAME TIME AN IDEA DIFFICULT TO DEF9E4 

,9 ,&]SON'S !ORY ( NATIONALISM1 ! PH5OM5ON ONLY CAME AB\T AS PEOPLE BEGAN REJECT+ ?REE KEY BELIEFS AB\T !IR SOCIETY3 

,?AT C]TA9 LANGUAGES SU* AS ,LAT9 W]E SUP]IOR TO O!RS 9 RESPECT TO ACCESS TO UNIV]SAL TRU?S2 
,?AT DIV9E RI<T TO RULE WAS GRANT$ TO ! RUL]S ( SOCIETY1 USUALLY MON>*S1 & WAS A NATURAL BASIS = ORGANIZ+ SOCIETY2 
,?AT ! ORIG9S ( ! WORLD & ! ORIG9S ( HUMANK9D W]E ! SAME4 
,&]SON >GU$ ?AT ! PR]EQUISITES = ! REJECTION ( !SE BELIEFS BEGAN 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE ?R\< ! NUM]\S FACTORS ?AT L$ TO ! ,AGE ( ,5LI<T5M5T1 SU* AS ! P[] ( ECONOMICS1 ! SCI5TIFIC REVOLUTION1 & ! ADV5T ( IMPROVEM5TS 9 COMMUNICATION BR\<T AB\T BY ! 9V5TION ( ! PR9T+ PRESS UND] A SY/EM ( CAPITALISM 7OR AS ,&]SON CALLS IT1 PR9T CAPITALISM74 ,&]SON'S VIEW ( NATIONALISM PLACES ! ROOTS ( ! NOTION ( 0NATION0 AT ! 5D ( ! #a#h? C5TURY :5 A REPLACEM5T SY/EM BEGAN1 NOT 9 ,EUROPE1 BUT 9 ! ,WE/]N ,HEMISPH]E1 :5 C\NTRIES SU* AS ,BRAZIL1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & ! NEWLY FRE$ ,SPANI% COLONIES BECAME ! FIR/ TO DEVELOP A NATIONAL CONSCI\SNESS4 

  

,ORIG9AL ,PHOTO BY ,REVOLT,LIB4COM ,!RE=E1 9 CONTRA/ TO O!R ?9K]S SU* AS ,]NE/ ,GELLN]1 :O CONSID]$ ! SPREAD ( NATIONALISM 9 CONNECTION ) 9DU/RIALISM 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 & ,ELIE ,K$\RIE1 :O CON/RU$ NATIONALISM AS A ,EUROPEAN PH5OM5ON C>RI$ >\ND ! WORLD BY COLONIZATION1 ,&]SON SEES ! ,EUROPEAN NATION /ATE AS A RESPONSE TO ! RISE ( NATIONALISM 9 ! ,EUROPEAN DIASPORA BEYOND ! OCEANS1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,WE/]N ,HEMISPH]E1 :I* WAS !N RETRANSMITT$ TO ,AFRICA & ,ASIA ?R\< COLONIZATION4 ,&]SON CONSID]S NATION /ATE BUILD+ AS AN IMITATIVE & TRANSPORTABLE ACTION1 9 :I* NEW POLITICAL 5TITIES W]E COPY+ ! MODEL ( ! NATION /ATE4 ,AS ,&]SON SEES IT1 ! L>GE CLU/] ( POLITICAL 5TITIES ?AT SPRANG UP 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA & ,S\? ,AM]ICA BETWE5 #ag< & #a#h#c#h1 ALMO/ ALL ( :I* SELF-CONSCI\SLY DEF9$ !MSELVES AS NATIONS1 W]E HI/ORICALLY ! FIR/ SU* /ATES TO EM]GE & !RE=E 9EVITABLY PROVID$ ! FIR/ REAL MODEL ( :AT SU* /ATES %\LD LOOK LIKE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,&]SON1 ?IS PH5OM5ON L$ TO ! RISE ( NATIONS3 COMMUNITIES ?AT W]E LIMIT$ BY !IR BORD]S & W]E SOV]EIGN4 ,&]SON CONCEIV$ NATIONALISM AS HAV+ COME AB\T 9 DIFF]5T 0WAVES40 

  

,IMAGE FROM ,BRITANNICA4COM ,LIKE O!R ?9K]S SU* AS ,M>%ALL ,MC,LUHAN 9 HIS ,! ,GUT5B]G ,GALAXY1 ( P>TICUL> IMPORTANCE TO ,&]SON'S !ORY ON NATIONALISM IS HIS /RESS ON ! ROLE ( PR9T$ LIT]ATURE & ITS DISSEM9ATION4 ,?9K]S LIKE ,MC,LUHAN1 ,ELIZABE? ,EIS5/E91 & ,&]SON DID NOT BELIEVE ?AT NATIONALISM CAME AB\T BECAUSE ( A VAGUELY-DEF9$ 0,EUROPEAN0 WAY ( ?9K+1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 & CULTURAL PRACTICES ASSOCIAT$ ) ! RISE ( ! PR9T+ PRESS & ! MASS REPRODUCTION ( PR9T$ MAT]IAL4 

,ACCORD+ TO ,&]SON1 0! REVOLUTION>Y V]NACUL>IZ+ ?RU/ ( CAPITALISM0 WAS C5TRAL TO ! CREATION ( IMAG9$ COMMUNITIES1 AS ! MASS ME*ANICAL REPRODUCTION ( PR9T$ WORKS UNIT$ PEOPLE ?AT W\LD O!RWISE HAVE F\ND IT DIFFICULT TO IMAG9E !MSELVES AS P>T ( ! SAME COMMUNITY1 MA9LY BECAUSE ( EXTREME L+UI/IC DIFF]5CES4 ,) ! ADV5T ( ! PR9T+ PRESS1 LANGUAGES BECAME MORE /ABLE & C]TA9 DIALECTS BECAME 0LANGUAGES ( P[]0 7SU* AS ! ,QUE5'S ,5GLI% 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM7 ?AT W]E 9H]5TLY MORE PRE/IGI\S ?AN SUB-REGIONAL V]NACUL> DIALECTS4 ,PR9T CAPITALISM ALSO MEANT A CULTURE 9 :I* PEOPLE W]E REQUIR$ TO BE SOCIALIZ$ AS P>T ( A LIT]ATE CULTURE1 9 :I* ! /&>DIZ$ LANGUAGE ( !IR NATION BECAME BO? ! LANGUAGE ( PR9T$ MAT]IAL & $UCATION = ! MASSES4 

,FELL[ NATIONALISM S*OL> ,/EV5 ,KEMP] DESCRIB$ ! ROLE ( PR9T TE*NOLOGY 9 ,&]SON'S !ORY AS 0MAK.<+.> POSSIBLE = 5ORM\S NUMB]S ( PEOPLE TO KN[ ( ONE ANO!R 9DIRECTLY1 = ! PR9T+ PRESS BEC.<A.>ME ! MIDDLEMAN TO ! IMAG9ATION ( ! COMMUNITY40 ,KEMP] ALSO /AT$ ?AT = ,&]SON ! 0V]Y EXI/5CE & REGUL>ITY ( NEWSPAP]S CAUS$ READ]S1 & ?US CITIZ5S-9-!-MAK+1 TO IMAG9E !MSELVES RESID+ 9 A COMMON TIME & PLACE1 UNIT$ BY A PR9T LANGUAGE ) A LEAGUE ( ANONYM\S EQUALS40 

,!RE=E1 = ,&]SON1 ! RISE ( PR9T TE*NOLOGY WAS ESS5TIAL TO CREATE ! 0DEEP HORIZONTAL COMRADE%IP0 ?AT DESPITE ITS SOCIALLY CON/RUCT$ ORIG9S1 WAS ALSO G5U9E & DEEP-SEAT$1 EXPLA9+ :Y NATIONALISM CAN DRIVE PEOPLE TO FI<T1 DIE1 & KILL = !IR C\NTRIES4 

,&]SON ALSO /UDI$ H[ ! #a#i? C5TURY ,EUROPEAN DYNA/IES ?AT REPRES5T$ RET5TION ( P[] OV] HUGE POLYGLOT DOMA9S1 UND]W5T NATURALIZATION AT ! SAME TIME AS !Y DEVELOP$ PROGRAMS ( (FICIAL NATIONALISM 9 A PROCESS ?AT HE CALL$ ! 0WILL$ M]G] ( NATION & DYNA/IC EMPIRE04 ,&]SON CONSID]$ ! EMPIRE AS SOLELY A PRE-MOD]N1 0DYNA/IC REALM0 & FOCUS$ HIS ATT5TION ON ! (FICIAL NATIONALISM 9 MULTIE?NIC EMPIRES 7E4G4 ! ,RUSSIAN ,(FICIAL ,NATIONALITY71 PROGRAMS ?AT HE DESCRIB$ AS 0REACTION>Y1 SECOND>Y MODEL+04 ,:]EAS PREVI\SLY1 ! LEGITIMACY ( ,EUROPEAN DYNA/IES HAD NO?+ TO DO ) NATIONALNESS1 ,&]SON >GU$ ?AT AFT] ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN1 ,G]MAN1 ,OTTOMAN1 & ,RUSSIAN EMPIRES 9 ! AFT]MA? ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 ! NATION-/ATE SUP]S$$ ! EMPIRE AS ! NORM 9 9T]NATIONAL AFFAIRS1 AS DEMON/RAT$ BY H[ DELEGATES FROM ! IMP]IAL P[]S 9 ! PO/W> ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS W]E C>EFUL TO PRES5T !MSELVES AS NATIONAL DELEGATES 9/EAD ( IMP]IAL ONES4 

,FROM 3 ,WIKIP$IA4ORG4 

,WORKS 3 

,AU?OR ( ,AN>*ISM & ,SYNDICALISM 9 ! ,COLONIAL & ,PO/COLONIAL ,WORLD1 #a#h#g-#a#i#d 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #b#i7 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,SEPTEMB] #b#f1 #aicf 3 ,B5$ICT ,RI*>D ,O',GORMAN ,&]SON'S ,BIR? ,DAY4 
,DECEMB] #a#c1 #bae 3 ,B5$ICT ,RI*>D ,O',GORMAN ,&]SON'S ,DEA? ,DAY4 
,APRIL #c1 #bb 3 ,B5$ICT ,RI*>D ,O',GORMAN ,&]SON'S ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a1 #bbb 3 ,B5$ICT ,RI*>D ,O',GORMAN ,&]SON'S ,UPDAT$4 

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