,G&HI 
,SOCIALI/ ,ACTIVI/ :O ,F\<T = ,9DIAN ,9DEP5D5CE & ,PACIFISM 

,OCTOB] #b1 #ahfi -- ,JANU>Y #c1 #aidh 

,DESCRIPTION 3 ,A COMPLEX MAN ) A CONTROV]SIAL LEGACY1 ,MOH&AS ,G&HI REMA9S ONE ( ! PIONE]S ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE AS A POLITICAL WEAPON & A GIANT 9 #b? C5TURY ANTI-COLONIALISM4 7,FROM 3 ,C5T] = A ,/ATELESS ,SOCIETY7 

,TAGS 3 PACIFI/1 ANTI-COLONIALI/1 SOCIALI/1 9DIAN1 SW>AJ1 NATIONALI/1 ACTIVI/1 VEGET>IAN1 9DIAN 9DEP5D5CE4 

,QUOTES 3 
0,! IDEALLY NONVIOL5T /ATE WILL BE AN ORD]$ AN>*Y4 ,?AT ,/ATE IS ! BE/ GOV]N$ :I* IS GOV]N$ ! LEA/40 7,FROM 3 ,G&HI'S ,WISDOM ,BOX 7#a#i#d#b71 $IT$ BY ,DEWAN ,RAM ,P>KA%1 P4 #f#g47 
0444! %APE ( REPRODUCTION ON ?AT SACR$ SOIL ( GUN FACTORIES & ! HATEFUL 9DU/RIALISM :I* HAS R$UC$ ! PEOPLE ( ,EUROPE TO A /ATE ( SLAV]Y1 & ALL BUT /IFL$ AMONG !M ! BE/ 9/9CTS :I* >E ! H]ITAGE ( ! HUMAN FAMILY40 7,FROM 3 0,A ,LETT] TO A ,H9DU3 ,! ,SUBJECTION ( ,9DIA- ,ITS ,CAUSE & ,CURE10 BY ,LEO ,TOL/OY1 ,) AN ,9TRODUCTION BY ,M4 ,K4 ,G&HI1 ,DECEMB] #a#d?1 #a#i#h47 
0,TOL/OY'S LIFE HAS BE5 DEVOT$ TO REPLAC+ ! ME?OD ( VIOL5CE = REMOV+ TYRANNY OR SECUR+ RE=M BY ! ME?OD ( NONRESI/ANCE TO EVIL4 ,HE W\LD MEET HATR$ EXPRESS$ 9 VIOL5CE BY LOVE EXPRESS$ 9 SELF-SUFF]+4 ,HE ADMITS ( NO EXCEPTION TO :ITTLE D[N ?IS GREAT & DIV9E LAW ( LOVE4 ,HE APPLIES IT TO ALL ! PROBLEMS ?AT TR\BLE MANK9D40 7,FROM 3 0,A ,LETT] TO A ,H9DU3 ,! ,SUBJECTION ( ,9DIA- ,ITS ,CAUSE & ,CURE10 BY ,LEO ,TOL/OY1 ,) AN ,9TRODUCTION BY ,M4 ,K4 ,G&HI1 ,DECEMB] #a#d?1 #a#i#h47 

,BIOGRAPHY 3 

  

,G&HI #a ,EV5 ?\< ,MAHATMA ,G&HI WAS PRAGMATIC 9 MANY WAYS HIS CONCEPT ( IDEAL ,/ATE EXHIBIT$ AN>*I/ \TLOOK4 ,9 HIS WORDS3 0,! ,/ATE REPRES5TS VIOL5CE 9 A CONC5TRAT$ & ORGANIZ$ =M4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL HAS A S\L1 BUT AS ! ,/ATE IS A S\LLESS MA*9E1 IT CAN NEV] BE WEAN$ FROM VIOL5CE TO :I* IT [ES ITS V]Y EXI/5CE40 

,5LI<T5$ AN>*Y3 

,G&HI'S IDEAL ,/ATE WAS A NONVIOL5T /ATE ( 5LI<T5$ AN>*Y :]E SOCIAL LIFE W\LD REMA9 SELF-REGULAT$4 ,9 ?AT ,/ATE !RE IS NO RUL]1 NO SUBJECT1 NO GOV]NM5T OR NO GOV]N$4 ,IT IS A P]FECT ,/ATE CONSI/+ ( 5LI<T5$ P]SONS1 SELF-REGULAT$ & SELF-CONTROLL$ FOLL[+ ! PR9CIPLES ( NONVIOL5CE4 

,ROLE ( MANUAL WORK3 

,! IDEAL ,/ATE ( ,G&HI WAS TO BE GOV]N$1 BY ! PR9CIPLE ( MANUAL WORK4 ,EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL %\LD TAKE UP MANUAL WORK = R5D]+ HIS_/H] S]VICE TO ! ,/ATE & WELLBE+ ( HIS FELL[ 9DIVIDUALS 9SIDE ! ,/ATE4 ,?IS WILL PROMOTE HIS S]VICE 9 ! DIRECTION ( WELF>E ( ! ,/ATE4 

,VILLAGE AS ! UNIT ( ,/ATE3 

,! IDEAL ,/ATE ( ,G&HI %\LD CONSI/ ( VILLAGES :I* >E FROM UNITS4 ,EA* VILLAGE1 A COMPON5T P>T ( ! ,/ATE1 %\LD BE A VILLAGE CONSI/+ ( NONVIOL5T ,SATYAGRAHIS4 ,!Y W\LD =M ! LIFE-BREA? ( AN IDEAL ,/ATE & PRES]VE & PROTECT NONVIOL5CE & TRU? 9 !IR 5TIRETY ?R\<\T ! ,/ATE4 

,DEC5TRALIZATION ( AU?ORITY3 

,9 AN IDEAL ,/ATE1 AU?ORITY %\LD BE DEC5TRALIZ$4 ,G&HI WAS AGA9/ C5TRALIZATION = IT LEADS TO ABSOLUTISM4 ,9 DEC5TRALIZ+ ! AU?ORITY1 ,G&HI GAVE SCOPE TO 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY4 ,! ,/ATE %\LD GUIDE ! 9DIVIDUALS BY APPEAL+ TO !IR MORALITY4 ,IF ,/ATE RESORTS TO VIOL5CE1 IT WILL DAMAGE ! 5?USIASM1 9ITIATIVE1 C\RAGE1 CREATIV5ESS & NON,A-VIOL5T M9D ( 9DIVIDUALS & AS SU*1 ! ,/ATE CANNOT PROSP]4 

,SELFLESSNESS & ,SWADE%I3 

,AN 9DIVIDUAL 9 ,G&HIAN IDEAL ,/ATE %\LD BE SELFLESS4 ,HE %\LD NOT ACCUMULATE WEAL?4 ,ACCUMULATION ( BREAD & CONTROLL+ LABOR WILL BR+ POV]TY TO ! ,/ATE4 ,?US1 9 ! VILLAGES1 MEANS ( PRODUCTION %\LD BE COMMONLY WON4 ,?IS %\LD G5]ATE LOVE AMONG ! PEOPLE ( ! LOCALITY B9D+ !M 9 !-COMMON TIE ( LOVE4 ,SWADE%I %\LD BE PROMOT$ BECAUSE ?AT IS ! *>ACT]I/IC FEATURE ( ,G&HIAN IDEAL ,/ATE4 

,SPIRITUALIZ$ DEMOCRACY3 

,G&HI 5VISAG$ ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( NONVIOL5CE %\LD BE ! BASIS ( ,/ATE4 ,NATURALLY1 A DEMOCRACY ?AT WILL EM]GE \T ( IT1 WILL GIVE V5T TO ! MAJORITY ( OP9ION4 ,H]E1 NEI!R PROP]TY NOR /ATUS OR POSITION BUT MANUAL WORK %\LD BE ! QUALIFICATION ( VILLAGE REPUBLIC4 ,IT WILL BE A ,/ATE DEVOID ( CORRUPTION & HYPOCRISY4 ,9 A SIMPLE /ATEM5T1 DEMOCRACY WILL BE SPIRITUALIZ$4 

,/ATE & PEOPLE - MEANS & 5DS RELATION%IP3 

,TO ,G&HIJI1 ,/ATE IS NOT AN 5D ITSELF2 IT IS RA!R A MEANS TO ! 5D4 ,IT IS MEANT TO DO GREATE/ GOOD ( GREATE/ NUMB] ( ! PEOPLE4 ,NEI!R =CE NOR ABSOLUTE SOV]EIGNTY IS ! BASIS ( ,/ATE4 ,G&HI'S IDEAL ( A WELF>E ,/ATE IS ALWAYS READY TO PROMOTE ! CONDITION ( ITS SUBJECTS4 

,CRITIC ( WE/]N DEMOCRACY3 

,G&HIJI VEHEM5TLY OPPOS$ ! P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY ( WE/]N TYPE4 ,HE CRITICIZ$ ! UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE SY/EM ( ! ELECTION HELD 9 WE/]N C\NTRIES4 ,! ,P>LIAM5T IS NOT /ABLE TO ! *ANGE ( M9I/RY FROM TIME TO TIME4 ,FUR!R1 ! ,PRIME ,M9I/] IS ALWAYS CONC]N$ AB\T HIS [N 9T]E/ & ! 9T]E/ ( HIS P>TY MEMB]S = RETA9+ HIS P[]4 ,SO1 ,G&HI CRITICIZ$ IT & AS SU*1 WE/]N DEMOCRACY HAS NO PLACE 9 ,G&HI'S WELF>E ,/ATE4 

,V]NA SY/EM3 

,FOLL[+ ! DOCTR9E ( ,GITA1 ,MAHATMA ,G&HI TOLD ?AT ! ,V>NA SY/EM %\LD =M ! BASIS ( ! IDEAL ,/ATE4 ,AS ,V>NA IS RELAT$ TO BIR?1 EV]Y ,V>NA %\LD R5D] ITS LABOR TO ! BETT]M5T ( ! ,/ATE4 ,?AT WILL RESULT 9 NON-POSSESSION & ECONOMIC EQUALITY4 ,?IS WILL BR+ COMPLETE SOCIAL & ECONOMIC EQUALITY4 

,IMPORTANCE ( DH>MA3 

,DH>MA IS A NOVEL ASPECT ( ,G&HI'S IDEAL /ATE4 ,IT IS NOT A RELIGION ( A P>TICUL> SECTOR CRE$2 RA!R IT IS MORAL & E?ICAL CODE ( CONDUCT :I* PRES]VES ! CULTURE ( ! NATION4 ,FUR!R1 IT HOLDS TOGE!R ! SOCIAL ORD] & BR+S H>MONY AMONG ! PEOPLE UPLIFT+ !IR POT5TIALITIES4 

,ROLE ( POLICE3 

,G&HIJI PRESCRIB$ = A M9IMUM 9T]V5TION ( POLICE =CE 9 ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,/ATE4 ,TO HIM1 CRIME IS A DISEASE & IT MU/ BE CUR$4 ,ACCORD+LY1 APPEAL TO ! CONSCI5CE ( ! CRIM9ALS WILL *ANGE !IR M9D BUT NOT ! POLICE ATROCITY4 ,\T & \T1 ! ,/ATE %\LD BE GOV]N$ BY ! PR9CIPLE ( ,AHIMSA :]E VIRTUALLY1 !RE IS NO PLACE ( COH]5CE4 

,EMPHASIS ON DUTY & RESORT+ TO NATURAL MEANS3 

,G&HIJI PUT EMPHASIS ON DUTY RA!R ?AN RI<TS4 ,IF ONE BECOMES CAUTI\S = HIS DUTIES1 !N RI<TS WILL AUTOMATICALLY BE TAK5 DUE C>E BY ! ,/ATE4 ,RI<TS >E NO?+ BUT OPPORTUNITIES = SELF-REALIZATION4 ,IT IS ! L9K ( ONE'S SPIRITUAL UNITY ) O!RS BY S]V+ !M4 ,! ROLE ( DOCTORS & MA*9ES WAS TO BE IGNOR$ & TRADITIONAL ME?OD IT TO BE ADOPT$ = CUR+ ! DISEASES4 

,BASIC $UCATION3 

,G&HIJI LAID EMPHASIS ON BASIC $UCATION4 ,BY ?AT HE WANT$ TO SPREAD VOCATIONAL $UCATION 9 ! NOOK & CORN] ( ! C\NTRY4 ,G&HI HAD REALIZ$ ?AT ?IS WILL IMPROVE SMALL-SCALE 9DU/RY1 :I* 9 TURN1 WILL BR+ A SELF-SUFFICI5T ECONOMY = EV]Y C\NTRY4 

,?US1 ,G&HI'S CONCEPT ( IDEAL ,/ATE WAS BAS$ ON NONVIOL5CE & TRU?4 ,SPIRITUALIZ$ DEMOCRACY1 EMPHASIS ON DUTIES1 CONSID]+ ,/ATE AS A MEANS TO AN ID ETC4 W]E SOME ( ! FACTORS :I* MADE ,G&HI'S IDEAL ,/ATE DI/9CT4 

,FROM 3 ,PRES]VE,>TICLES1 HTTP3_/_/WWW4PRES]VE>TICLES4COM_/#b#a#a#f#b#b#h#d#i_/G&HIS-IDEAL-/ATE-WAS-A-NONVIOL5T-/ATE-(-5LI<T5$-AN>*Y4HTML4 

,WORKS 3 

,AU?OR ( ,LETT] TO A ,H9DU 7,DECEMB] #a#d1 #a#i#h7 

,AU?OR ( ,G&HI ,LETT]S 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,M9D ( ,MAHATMA ,G&HI 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,:AT IS ,AU?ORITY8 7,WILBUR ,TRANSLATION7 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,OCTOB] #b1 #ahfi 3 ,G&HI'S ,BIR? ,DAY4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #aidh 3 ,G&HI'S ,DEA? ,DAY4 
,NOVEMB] #a#e1 #baf 3 ,G&HI'S ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,G&HI'S ,UPDAT$4 

,L9KS 3 
 O ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES3 ,G&HI ,>*IVE 
HTTP3_/_/DW>DMAC4PITZ]4$U_/,AN>*I/.-,>*IVES_/BRI<T_/G&HI_/,G&HI4HTML 
 O ,WIKIP$IA3 ,MOH&AS ,K4 ,G&HI 
HTTPS3_/_/54WIKIP$IA4ORG_/WIKI_/,G&HI 

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