,NOAM ,*OMSKY ,POPLU> ,MOD]N ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/ ,AU?OR1 ,L+UI/1 ,SCI5TI/1 & ,HI/ORIAN ,DECEMB] #g1 #aibh -- 8 ,DESCRIPTION 3 ,?\< HIS /ANCE ON !SE ISSUES IS ?AT ( AN ADMITT$ AN>*I/_/LIB]T>IAN1 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY PREF]S TO ACT AS AN ANALY/ & CRITIC ( ! /ATE RA!R ?AN A SOCIAL !ORI/4444 ,*OMSKY CONT9UES TO TEA* AT ,M,I,T1 :]E HE HOLDS AN 5D[$ *AIR 9 L+UI/ICS4 7,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES7 ,TAGS 3 AN>*I/1 IWW1 AM]ICAN1 JEWI%1 ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY1 MA!MATICIAN1 L+UI/1 PR(ESSOR1 SCI5TI/1 HI/ORIAN4 ,QUOTES 3 0,NEOLIB]AL DOCTR9ES1 :ATEV] ONE ?9KS ( !M1 UND]M9E $UCATION & HEAL?1 9CREASE 9EQUALITY1 & R$UCE LABOR'S %>E ( 9COME2 ?AT MU* IS NOT S]\SLY 9 D\BT40 7,FROM 3 0,PR(IT ,OV] ,PEOPLE10 WRITT5 BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 PAGE #c#b1 *APT] #a47 0,! 5ORM\S PUBLIC RELATIONS 9DU/RY1 FROM ITS ORIG9S E>LY 9 ?IS C5TURY1 HAS BE5 D$ICAT$ TO ! 'CONTROL ( ! PUBLIC M9D1' AS BUS9ESS LEAD]S DESCRIB$ ! TASK4 ,& !Y ACT$ ON !IR WORDS1 SURELY ONE ( ! C5TRAL !MES ( MOD]N HI/ORY40 7,FROM 3 0,PR(IT ,OV] ,PEOPLE10 BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 PAGE #d#e1 *APT] #b47 0,! IMPORTANCE ( 'CONTROLL+ ! PUBLIC M9D' HAS BE5 RECOGNIZ$ ) 9CREAS+ CL>ITY AS POPUL> /RUGGLES SUCCE$$ 9 EXT5D+ ! MODALITIES ( DEMOCRACY1 ?US GIV+ RISE TO :AT LIB]AL ELITES CALL '! CRISIS ( DEMOCRACY' AS :5 NORMALLY PASSIVE & APA!TIC POPULATIONS BECOME ORGANIZ$ & SEEK TO 5T] ! POLITICAL >5A TO PURSUE !IR 9T]E/S & DEM&S1 ?REAT5+ /ABILITY & ORD]4 ,AS ,B]NAYS EXPLA9$ ! PROBLEM1 ) 'UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE & UNIV]SAL S*OOL+444 AT LA/ EV5 ! B\RGEOISIE /OOD 9 FE> ( ! COMMON PEOPLE4 ,= ! MASSES PROMIS$ TO BECOME K+4'0 7,FROM 3 0,PR(IT ,OV] ,PEOPLE10 BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 PAGES #e#c-#e#d1 *APT] #b47 04449T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY CAN TAKE NEW & MORE CON/RUCTIVE =MS AS ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE ( ! WORLD COME TO UND]/& ?AT !IR 9T]E/S >E PRETTY MU* ! SAME & CAN BE ADVANC$ BY WORK+ TOGE!R4 ,!RE IS NO MORE REASON N[ ?AN !RE HAS EV] BE5 TO BELIEVE ?AT WE >E CON/RA9$ BY MY/]I\S & UNKN[N SOCIAL LAWS1 NOT SIMPLY DECISIONS MADE )9 9/UTITIONS ?AT >E SUBJECT TO HUMAN WILL -- HUMAN 9/ITUTIONS1 ?AT HAVE TO FACE ! TE/ ( LEGITIMACY &1 IF !Y DO NOT MEET IT1 CAN BE REPLAC$ BY O!RS ?AT >E MORE FREE & MORE JU/1 AS (T5 9 ! PA/40 7,FROM 3 0,PR(IT ,OV] ,PEOPLE01 BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 PAGE #f#b1 *APT] #b47 0,!RE >E MANY FACTORS DRIV+ GLOBAL SOCIETY T[>DS A L[-WAGE1 L[-GR[?1 HI<-PR(IT FUTURE1 ) 9CREAS+ POL>IZATION & SOCIAL DIS9TEGRATION4 ,ANO!R CONSEQU5CE IS ! FAD+ ( MEAN+FUL DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES AS DECISION MAK+ IS VE/$ 9 PRIVATE 9/ITUTIONS & ! QUASI-GOV]NM5TAL /RUCTURES ?AT >E COALESC+ >\ND !M1 :AT ! ,F9ANCIAL ,TIMES CALLS A 'DE FACTO WORLD GOV]NM5T' ?AT OP]ATES 9 SECRET & )\T ACC\NTABILITY40 7,FROM 3 0,PR(IT ,OV] ,PEOPLE01 BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 PAGE #a#b#g1 *APT] #e47 0,! DECISIONS REA*$ BY ! DIRECTORS ( ,G,E AFFECT ! G5]AL SOCIETY SUB/IANTIALLY1 BUT CITIZ5S PLAY NO ROLE 9 !M1 AS A MATT] ( PR9CIPLE40 7,FROM 3 0,PR(IT ,OV] ,PEOPLE01 BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 PAGE #a#c#b1 *APT] #f47 0,SY/EMS ( UNACC\NTABLE P[] DO (F] SOME *OICES TO CITIZ5S4 ,!Y CAN PETITION ! K+ OR ! ,C,E,O1 OR JO9 ! RUL+ P>TY4 ,!Y CAN TRY TO R5T !MSELVES TO ,G,E1 OR BUY ITS PRODUCTS4 ,!Y CAN /RUGGLE = RIITY ) O!RS1 CAN SEEK TO LIMIT OR DISMANTLE ILLEGITIMATE P[]1 PURSU+ TRADITIONAL IDEALS1 9CLUD+ ?OSE ?AT ANIMAT$ ! ,U4,S4 LABOR MOVEM5T FROM ITS E>LY ORIG9S3 ?AT ?OSE :O WORK 9 ! MILLS %\LD [N & RUN !M40 7,FROM 3 0,PR(IT ,OV] ,PEOPLE01 BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 PAGE #a#c#b1 *APT] #f47 0,LABOR & 5VIRONM5TAL ISSUES1 :I* 'B>ELY FEATUR$ AT ! />T1' >E BECOM+ H>D] TO SUPPRESS4 ,IT IS BECOM+ MORE DIFFICULT TO IGNORE ! P>ANOIDS & FLAT-E>!RS :O 'WANT HI< /&>DS WRITT5 9 = H[ =EIGN 9VE/ORS TREAT WORK]S & PROTECT ! 5VIRONM5T1' & '!IR F]V5T ATTACKS1 SPREAD VIA A NETWORK ( ,9T]NET WEB SITES1 HAVE LEFT NEGOTIATORS UNSURE H[ TO PROCE$4' ,ONE POSSIBILITY W\LD BE TO PAY ATT5TION TO :AT ! PUBLIC WANTS4 ,BUT ?AT OPTION IS NOT M5TION$3 IT IS EXCLUD$ 9 PR9CIPLE1 S9CE IT W\LD UND]M9E ! :OLE PO9T ( ! 5T]PRISE40 7,FROM 3 0,PR(IT ,OV] ,PEOPLE01 BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 PAGES #a#e#a-#a#e#b1 *APT] #f47 ,BIOGRAPHY 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY #a ,NOAM ,*OMSKY'S P>5TS1 ,DR4 ,WILLIAM 7,ZEV7 ,*OMSKY & ,ELSIE ,SIMON(SKY1 W]E BO? ,RUSSIAN ,JEWS & ALSO TEA*]S & L+UI/S4 ,HIS FA!R WAS ! AU?OR ( A SEM9AL BOOK ON ! GRAMMATIC /RUCTURE ( ,HEBREW & ! FACULTY PRESID5T ( ,GRATZ ,COLLEGE = EIS4 ,NOAM GREW UP 9 AN 9TELLECTUAL ATMOSPH]E1 & SEV]AL MEMB]S ( ! EXT5D$ FAMILY HAD TIES TO LABOR OR COMMUNI/ MOVEM5TS4 ,HE ATT5D$ A PROGRESSIVE ELEM5T>Y S*OOL1 :]E HE WROTE = ! S*OOL NEWSPAP]4 ,HIS FIR/ >TICLE WAS AB\T ! FALL ( ,B>CELONA1 DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>4 7,B>SKY1 #i-#a#g47 ,HE LAT] ATT5D$ ,PHILADELPHIA'S ,C5TRAL ,HI< ,S*OOL4 ,HE DID NOT 5JOY HIS EXP]I5CE ) ! PUBLIC $UCATION SY/EM1 BUT DUR+ ?IS P]IOD HE BEGAN TO PAY REGUL> VISITS TO RELATIVES 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 ESPECIALLY AN UNCLE :OSE NEWS/& S]V$ AS A LIT]>Y & POLITICAL SALON = MEMB]S ( ! ,JEWI% 9TELLECTUAL COMMUNITY4 ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD HE BEGAN READ+ AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE & LEFTI/ J\RNALS4 7,B>SAMIAN1 #b#c#a1 ,B>SKY1 #b#a-#c47 ,*OMSKY ATT5D$ ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,P5NSYLVANIA1 :]E HE MET & M>RI$ ,C>OL ,DORIS ,S*ATZ 9 #a#i#d#h4 ,F9D+ HIS COLLEGE EXP]I5CE SIMIL> TO ?AT ( HIS HI< S*OOL1 HE CONSID]$ DROPP+ \T1 ONLY TO F9D ! 9TELLECTUAL ATMOSPH]E HE DESIR$ ) L+UI/ICS *AIR ,PR(4 ,ZELIG ,H>RIS & HIS FRI5DS1 :O ALSO %>$ AN 9T]E/ 9 POLITICS4 ,HE RECEIV$ HIS ,B4,A4 9 L+UI/ICS 9 #aidi & EMB>K$ ON PO/GRADUATE WORK 9 ! SUBJECT4 ,H>RIS' WORK ON L+UI/ICS WAS P>T ( ! 9SPIRATION = ,*OMSKY'S [N1 ?\< ,*OMSKY'S W\LD FOLL[ A RADICALLY DIFF]5T PA?4 ,HE RECEIV$ HIS ,PH4,D4 9 #aiee & JO9$ ! FACULTY ( ,M,I,T ! SAME YE>4 ,9 HIS DOCTORAL !SIS & HIS FIR/ PUBLICATIONS1 ,*OMSKY BEGAN ! CREATION ( A BODY ( WORK ?AT W\LD TRANS=M ! /UDY ( L+UI/ICS4 7,B>SKY1 #d#g-#e#c47 ,AT ! TIME1 L+UI/ICS WAS DOM9AT$ BY ! ,BLOOMFELDIANS1 FOLL[]S ( ,LEON>D ,BLOOMFELD1 A BEHAVIORI/ :O !ORIZ$ ?AT LANGUAGE WAS ACQUIR$ ?R\< A PROCESS ( CONDITION+ & RE9=CEM5T4 ,CRITICAL ( BEHAVIORI/ !ORIES & CURI\S H[ *ILDR5 C\LD =MULATE ALL ! COMPLEX RULES ( LANGUAGE BAS$ ON ! LIMIT$ AM\NT ( SPEE* !Y HE>D1 ,*OMSKY DECID$ ?AT HUMAN LANGUAGE ABILITY MU/ HAVE A G5ETIC BASIS4 ,AS ! BASIS ( HIS !ORY1 ,*OMSKY DEVELOP$ ! IDEA ( A ,UNIV]SAL ,GRAMM>1 A SET ( PR9CIPLES ?AT DESCRIBE ! =MULATION ( ALL HUMAN LANGUAGES4 ,) A MORE OR LESS 9/9CTIVE KN[L$GE ( ?IS ,UNIV]SAL ,GRAMM>1 AN 9FANT C\LD CON/RUCT ! RULES = A LANGUAGE US+ ! R&OM PIECES IT WAS EXPOS$ TO4 ,O!R AV5UES ( ,*OMSKY'S WORK L$ TO ! CREATION ( AN 5TIRELY NEW FIELD ( L+UI/IC RESE>* KN[N AS TRANS=MATIONAL GRAMM>4 7,LYONS1 #b#i-#c1 #a#a#g-#a#i47 ,>\ND #a#i#f#a1 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY BEGAN TO SPEAK & WRITE ON POLITICAL TOPICS1 F9D+ AN AUDI5CE AMONG ! /UD5T-PROTE/ MOVEM5T4 ,9 #a#i#f#g1 HE JO9$ ! ,M>* ON ! ,P5TAGON & W\ND UP BRIEFLY %>+ A JAIL CELL ) AU?OR ,NORMAN ,MAIL]4 ,DESPITE M>G9ALIZATION BY ! MA9/REAM PRESS1 HIS BOOKS HAVE GA9$ CONSID]ABLE RECOGNITION & HE HAS BE5 RECOGNIZ$ AS ONE ( ! MO/ \TSPOK5 CRITICS ( ,U4,S4 =EIGN POLICY4 ,9 SU* WORKS AS ,= ,REASONS ( ,/ATE1 7#a#i#g#c7 ,MANUFACTUR+ ,CONS5T7#a#i#h#h71 & ,SECRETS1 ,LIES & ,DEMOCRACY7#a#i#i#d71 ,*OMSKY ADDRESSES SU* SUBJECTS AS ,AM]ICAN 9VOLVEM5T 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & ,9DO*9A1 ! ,COLD ,W>1 ! M$IA'S MANIPULATION ( ! PUBLIC 9 RESPECT TO !SE & O!R ISSUES1 & ! RESPONSIBILITY ( 9TELLECTUALS TO ADDRESS !SE PROBLEMS4 ,?\< HIS /ANCE ON !SE ISSUES IS ?AT ( AN ADMITT$ AN>*I/_/LIB]T>IAN1 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY PREF]S TO ACT AS AN ANALY/ & CRITIC ( ! /ATE RA!R ?AN A SOCIAL !ORI/4 ,ULTIMATELY1 ! DECISION ( H[ TO MAKE A BETT] SOCIETY LIES ) ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,*OMSKY CONT9UES TO TEA* AT ,M,I,T1 :]E HE HOLDS AN 5D[$ *AIR 9 L+UI/ICS4 ,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 ,WORKS 3 ,AU?OR ( ,R$ & ,BLACK ,REVOLUTION ,9T]VIEW 7,APRIL #c1 #a#i#i#e7 ,AU?OR ( ,NOTES ON ,AN>*ISM 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#f#i7 ,AU?OR ( ,ON ,LIBYA & ! ,UNFOLD+ ,CRISES 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #b#a7 ,AU?OR ( ,! ,RELEVANCE ( ,AN>*O-SYNDICALISM 7,JULY #b#e1 #a#i#g#f7 ,AU?OR ( ,:AT ,MAKES ,MA9/REAM ,M$IA ,MA9/REAM 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#f7 ,AU?OR ( ,:O ,>E ! ,GLOBAL ,T]RORI/S8 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #b#a7 ,AU?OR ( ,A ,BRIEF ,HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICA'S ,COLD-,BLOOD$1 ,T]RORI/IC ,TREATM5T ( ,CUBA 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,AFT] ,P9KVILLE 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,CAMBODIA 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,! ,CASE ,AGA9/ ,B4,F4 ,SK9N] 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,! ,CL9TON ,VISION 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,! ,FATE ,( ,HUMANITY ,HANGS ,9 ,! ,BALANCE 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,=EWORD 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,GOV]NM5T 9 ! ,FUTURE 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,9 ,DEF5SE ( ! ,/UD5T ,MOVEM5T 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,9 ,NOR? ,VIETNAM 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,MAYDAY3 ,! ,CASE = ,CIVIL ,DISOB$I5CE 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,! ,M5ACE ( ,LIB]AL ,S*OL>%IP 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,NOAM ,*OMSKY ON ,AN>*ISM1 ,M>XISM @& ,HOPE = ! ,FUTURE 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,OBJECTIVITY & ,LIB]AL ,S*OL>%IP 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,ON ,AN>*ISM 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,ON ,RESI/ANCE 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,ON ! ,BACKGR\NDS ( ! ,PACIFIC ,W> 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,OPTIMISM ,OV] ,DESPAIR 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,REFLECTIONS ON A ,POLITICAL ,TRIAL 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,! ,RESPONSIBILITY ( ,9TELLECTUALS 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,A ,REVIEW ( ,B4 ,F4 ,SK9N]'S ,V]BAL ,BEHAVIOR 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,! ,SOVIET ,UNION ,V]SUS ,SOCIALISM 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,VIETNAM3 ,H[ ,GOV]NM5T ,BECAME ,WOLVES 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,A ,VISIT TO ,LAOS 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 ,AU?OR ( ,AN>*ISM3 ,FROM ,!ORY ,TO ,PRACTICE 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#f#i7 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,DECEMB] #g1 #aibh 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY'S ,BIR? ,DAY4 ,NOVEMB] #a#e1 #baf 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY'S ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY'S ,UPDAT$4 ,L9KS 3 O ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY ,>*IVE HTTP3_/_/DW>DMAC4PITZ]4$U_/,AN>*I/.-,>*IVES_/*OMSKY_/,*OMSKY>*IVE4HTML O ,AN>*I/ ,LIBR>Y3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY HTTPS3_/_/!AN>*I/LIBR>Y4ORG_/CATEGORY_/AU?OR_/NOAM-*OMSKY O ,WIKIP$IA3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY HTTPS3_/_/54WIKIP$IA4ORG_/WIKI_/,NOAM.-,*OMSKY FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/