#be ,YE>S ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COV+TON ,HALL 

,TEXT 3 

,L,A ,B,E,L,L,E ,S,A,N,S,C,U,L,O,T,T,E 
   

   ,BY ,COV+TON ,HALL 
   ,WRIT] & ,OLDTIME ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONI/ 
   
   
    
     

,%E IS COM+1 ,O MY MA/]S1 %E IS COM+ 9 H] MI#b#e ,YE>S ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM<T1 

     ,) ! R$ FLAG O'] H] LEGIONS & H] SWORD %>P1 CLEAN & BRI<T2 

     ,%E IS BREAK+ ?R\< Y\R DUNGEONS1 %E IS TE>+ (F Y\R *A91 

     ,%E IS COM+ TO TAKE V5GEANCE )\T M]CY ONCE AGA96 
    
   
   
    
     

,%E IS COM+1 ,O MY MA/]S1 ) A NEW MI<T 9 H] >MS1 

     ,H] VISION CLE>1 UNCL\D$ BY A DY+ ,SATAN'S *>MS2 

     ,%E IS COM+ 9 HATE'S BEAUTY1 ) LOVE'S FI]C5ESS 9 H] EYE1 

     ,LIKE A MADD5$ MO!R HA/'N+ :]E Y\R TORTUR$ *ILD-SLAVES DIE6 
    
   
   
    
     

,%E IS COM+1 ,O MY MA/]S1 ) H] /RONG1 /EEL-MUSCL$ H&S1 

     ,%E IS REA*+ = Y\R FACTORIES1 Y\R G>D5S & Y\R L&S2 

     ,%E IS CALL+ TO H] /&>D ALL ! SONS ( GRIEF & TOIL1 

     ,%E IS PROMIS+ Y\R SOLDI]S ALL Y\R /OL5 WEAL? = SPOIL4 
    
   
   
    
     

,%E IS COM+1 ,O MY MA/]S6 ',NEA? H] R$1 TRIUMPHAL >*1 

     ,LO6 ! GU>DS ?AT N[ SURR\ND Y\ 9 H] REBEL RANKS %ALL M>*6 

     ,%E IS COM+ AS =EV] & =EV] %E HAS COME1 

     ,>M 9 >M ) ,HOPE & ,FRE$OM1 TO ! LONG ROLL ( ,RI<T'S DRUM6 
    
   
   
    
     

,%E IS COM+1 ,O MY MA/]S6 ,SOON H] TROOPS %ALL RE/ !IR FEET 

     ,9 ! LIMPID WAT]S FL[+ ?R\< Y\R B[]S1 COOL & SWEET2 

     ,SOON H] HUNG]$ HO/S %ALL GA!R 9 Y\R GOLD-RO($ BANQUET HALL1 

     ,& TO EC/ATIC MUSIC HOLD HI< REVEL O'] Y\R FALL6 
    
   
   
    
     

,%E IS COM+1 ,O MY MA/]S1 %E IS COM+ 9 H] MI<T1 

     ,) ! R$ FLAG O'] H] LEGIONS & H] SWORD %>P1 CLEAN & BRI<T6 

     ,%E IS COM+ 9 HATE'S BEAUTY1 ) LOVE'S FI]C5ESS 9 H] EYE1 

     ,LIKE A MADD5$ MO!R HA/'N+ :]E Y\R TORTUR$ *ILD-SLAVES DIE6 
    
   
   

   

    

  
   ,LA ,BELLE ,SANSCULOTTE 7,POEM7 
      ,COV+TON ,HALL 
    ,9TRODUCTION 
      
    ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CLASS ,UNION 
      ,JAMES ,P4 ,?OMPSON 
    ,FREE ,SPEE* ,FI<TS ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
      ,ROG] ,N4 ,BALDW9 
    ,H[ ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,DEF5DS ,LABOR 
      ,RALPH ,*APL9 
    ,BUILD ,= ,P[] 
      ,C4 ,E4 ,PAYNE 
    ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ,9 ,AGRICULTURE 
      ,TOM ,CONNORS 
    ,! ,WAY ,( ,! ,WOBBLY 
      ,F4 ,W4 ,?OMPSON 
    ,! ,COLORADO ,CONQUE/ 
      ,$ ,DELANEY 
    ,$UCATION 
      ,CLIF=D ,B4 ,ELLIS 
    ,9T]NATIONAL ,RELATIONS ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
      ,JOSEPH ,WAGN] 
    ,AT ,! ,CROSSROADS 
     ,JOHN ,A4 ,GAHAN 
     

   

    

  
    

    

  
   
   

,9 
/EP ) PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPM5T TO 9DU/RIAL PROPORTIONS1 ! 
,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD WAS =M$ BY A GR\P ( REVOLUTION>Y 
UNIONI/S AT ,*ICAGO1 ,JUNE #b#g1 #a#i#e4 ,AMONG ITS F\ND]S W]E SU* 
FIGURES AS ,EUG5E ,V4 ,DEBS1 ,?OS4 ,J4 ,HAGG]TY1 ,WM4 ,E4 ,TRAUTMAN1 ,WILLIAM 
,D4 ,HAYWOOD1 & SEV]AL ( ! M5 :O HAVE CONTRIBUT$ >TICLES = 
?IS COMMEMORATIVE PAMPHLET4 
   

,FROM ITS 9CEPTION ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HAS PRODUC$ ITS [N DAUNTLESS WORK+ CLASS VOICES1 
& 9 !SE PAGES1 M>K$ BY KE5 9TELLIG5CE1 BROAD 9=MATION1 
CL>ITY ( LOGIC1 DIV]SITY ( EXPRESSION & L(T9ESS ( VISION1 
LEAD+ WRIT]S1 PRODUC$ BY ! ORGANIZATION'S P[] TO RALLY 
>TICULATION1 HAVE CREAT$ A WORK ?AT WILL 5DURE TO ! GREAT] GLORY 
( \R GLORI\S MOVEM5T4 
   

,BECAUSE ( ! =TUNATE 
FACTORS JU/ 5UM]AT$ IT IS BELIEV$ BY ?OSE PRIVILEG$ TO HAVE READ 
! PAMPHLET 9 MANUSCRIPT ?AT ?IS WORK IS UNSURPASS$ 9 ITS FIELD1 
IF1 9DE$1 IT HAS EV] BE5 EQUAL$4 ,! WIDE/ POSSIBLE DI/RIBUTION 
( ?IS #b#e? ,ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 PAMPHLET IS C]TA9 
TO R$\ND TO ! GREAT] PRE/IGE & GR[? ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W41 & TO ?IS 5D LET ALL 9 \R ORGANIZATION1 OR 
ANIMAT$ BY A WI% TO SEE IT FL\RI%1 PL$GE !MSELVES TO C>RY ! 
PAMPHLET TO ! D>K PLACES ( WORK+ CLASS IGNORANCE & LI<T !M 
) ITS WORK+ CLASS TRU?4 
   

    

  
    

   
   
  ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N,>,Y ,C,L,A,S,S ,U,N,I,O,N 
  ,BY ,J,A,M,E,S ,P4 ,?,O,M,P,S,O,N 
  ,LABOR ,ORATOR & ,ONE ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,F\ND]S 
   

0,9 
ORD] TO UND]/& ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T IT MU/ BE LOOK$ AT AS A 
PROCESS ( NATURAL HI/ORY1 GOV]N$ BY LAWS NOT ONLY 9DEP5D5T ( 
! HUMAN WILL1 CONSCI\SNESS & 9TELLIG5CE1 BUT RA!R1 ON ! 
CONTR>Y1 DET]M9+ ?AT WILL1 CONSCI\SNESS & 9TELLIG5CE40"9#a7 
   

0,JU/ 
AS ! REAL REASON :Y PEOPLE DRESS DIFF]5TLY 9 W9T] ?AN 9 
SUMM] IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! DIFF]5T CLIMATIC CONDITIONS1 SO1 ! 
REAL CAUSES ( ALL SOCIAL *ANGES & REVOLUTIONS >E TO BE S\<T1 NOT 
9 M5'S BRA9S1 NOT 9 !IR MORE OR LESS CONFUS$ IDEAS ( RI<T & 
WRONG OR ( TRU? & JU/ICE1 NOT 9 ! PHILOSOPHY BUT 9 ! 
ECONOMICS ( EA* P>TICUL> EPO*40"9#b7 
   

,CANNIBALISM 
WAS V]Y PREVAL5T AMONG ! ANCI5TS4 ,WE ( TODAY >E %OCK$ AT ! 
V]Y ?\<T ( CANNIBALISM4 ,& YET1 CANNIBALISM IS1 9 MANY WAYS1 ONE 
( ! MO/ HUMANE =MS 9 :I* MAN WAS EV] DEV\R$ BY HIS 
FELL[MAN4 
   

,:5 ! PRODUCTIV5ESS ( LABOR REA*$ ! PO9T 
:]E MAN WAS ABLE TO PRODUCE NOT ONLY 5\< TO MA9TA9 HIMSELF1 BUT 
MORE1 !N CANNIBALISM DI$ \T & SLAV]Y BEGAN4 
   

,) ! 
BEG9N+ ( SLAV]Y1 ( C\RSE1 SOCIETY DIVID$ 9TO CLASSES4 ,MORALITY 
TOOK ON A CLASS *>ACT]4 ,9/EAD ( 0:ATEV] IS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( 
! TRIBE IS GOOD01 WE HAVE ?IS =MULA1 0,ANY?+ ?AT IS 9 ! 
9T]E/ ( ! RUL+ CLASS IS GOOD & ANY?+ AGA9/ !IR 
9T]E/ IS BAD40 0,! RUL+ IDEAS ( EA* AGE HAVE EV] BE5 ! 
IDEAS ( ITS RUL+ CLASS40"9#c7 
   

,! 
MA/] CLASS WAS =C$ TO ORGANIZE 9 ORD] TO RULE1 & BEHOLD1 0,! 
,/ATE0 APPE>S6 ,! ,/ATE IS M]ELY ! ORGANIZ$ P[]S ( OPPRESSION 
& CO]CION US$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS TO MA9TA9 !MSELVES 9 !IR 
POSITION AS A RUL+ CLASS4 ,! ,/ATE *ANGES 9 =M FROM TIME TO TIME 
AS CONDITIONS *ANGE1 & IT WE>S MANY DIFF]5T NATIONAL UNI=MS1 
BUT IT NEV] LOSES ITS ID5TITY AS 0,! ,/ATE04 ,! CLASS MA*9E ( 
OPPRESSION KN[N AS 0,! ,/ATE0 WILL ONLY DISAPPE> :5 ! WORLD'S 
LA/ CLASS /RUGGLE 5DS4 
   

,9 ! FIF? C5TURY ! B>B>IANS 
( ! NOR? SWEPT D[N OV] WE/]N ,EUROPE & PLUND]$ EV]Y:]E 
UNTIL !Y REA*$ ! SEA1 !N TURN$ BACK4 ,! SLAVES :O FL$ TO 
! WOODS AT !IR APPROA* W]E TILL+ ! SOIL4 ,!Y TREMBL$ AT ! 
SI<T ( ! ORGANIZ$ B>B>IANS1 BUT ! B>B>IANS SAID TO !M1 
0,FE> NOT1 WE WILL NOT KILL Y\4 ,GO ON & TILL ! SOIL1 BUT REMEMB]1 
ALL Y\ PRODUCE OV] & ABOVE :AT IS NECESS>Y TO MA9TA9 Y\ Y\ 
MU/ GIVE TO US40 ,!N FOLL[$ OV] A ?\S& YE>S ( FEUDALISM1 
?OSE HORRIBLE C5TURIES ( BLOOD & TE>S KN[N AS ! D>K AGES 
DUR+ :I* ! RUL+ CLASS1 L$ BY !IR K+S1 CLAIM$ A DIV9E 
RI<T TO RULE & ROB !IR FELL[M54 
   

,IT WAS 9DE$ A D>K 
AGE4 ,! PHANTOM-HAUNT$ FOGS ( IGNORANCE1 SUP]/ITION & FE> HUNG 
LIKE A PALL OV] ! HUMAN RACE4 0,! VOICE ( LIB]TY WAS /RANGL$ 
& MURD]]S SAT UPON ! ?RONES4 ,! FIRES ( P]SECUTION CLIMB$ 
>\ND ! LIMBS ( C\NTLESS M>TYRS4 ,BRAVE M5 & WOM5 LANGUI%$ 
9 DUNGEONS & D>KNESS40 "9#d7 0,ALL ! ,M\NT ,CALV>IES ( TRU? & DISCOV]Y W]E :ITE ) ! FIRE-BLEA*$ BONES ( ?9K]S40 "9#e7 
   

,=TUNATELY1 
SOCIETY IS NOT A SOLID CRY/AL4 ,IT IS AN ORGANISM1 NOT ONLY CAPABLE ( 
*ANGE BUT CON/ANTLY *ANG+4 ,GRADUALLY )9 FEUDAL SOCIETY1 
PRODUCTION = EX*ANGE1 I4 E4 ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION1 
DEVELOP$4 ,! FACTORY SY/EM CAME & LAT] ON MA*9]Y & MOD]N 
9DU/RY4 ,! DISCOV]Y ( ,AM]ICA & ! OP5+ UP ( ! WORLD'S 
M>KETS 9CREAS$ ! DEM& = COMMODITIES4 
   

,A COMMODITY1 BY ! WAY1 IS 0ANY USEFUL ?+ PRODUC$ BY LABOR = EX*ANGE0 "9#f71 
&1 NOTE C>EFULLY1 PRODUCTION = EX*ANGE IS ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( 
PRODUCTION4 ,AS CAPITALISM DEVELOP$ )9 FEUDAL SOCIETY ! 
CAPITALI/ CLASS1 I4 E4 ! B\RGEOISIE1 GREW 9 WEAL? & P[]4 ,!Y 
W]E COMPELL$ TO PAY HEAVY TRIBUTE TO ! ,BI%OP & ! ,K+1 BUT 9 
SPITE ( ! REACTION>Y =CES ?AT W]E HAMP]+ & TRY+ TO BLOCK 
& ROLL BACK ! :EELS ( PROGRESS1 CAPITALISM DEVELOP$4 ,! 
CAPITALI/ CLASS GREW 9 WEAL? & P[] UNTIL !Y W]E ABLE 
S]I\SLY TO *ALL5GE ! RUL+ CLASS4 
   

,H]E WE HAVE A 
SITUATION ?AT MU/ EXI/ BE=E A REVOLUTION IS POSSIBLE1 I4 E4 0! 
OLD SOCIETY MU/ BE PREGNANT ) ! NEW40 "9#g7 
   

,F9ALLY 
CAME ! TRIAL ( /R5G? BETWE5 ! NEW & ! OLD4 ,A S]IES ( 
REVOLUTIONS %OOK ! WORLD4 ,! OLD W5T D[N BE=E ! GREAT] P[] 
( ! NEW6 ,! CAPITALI/ CLASS BECAME ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,! 
CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION PREVAIL$4 ,! :OLE SOCIAL /RUCTURE 
*ANG$ TO CON=M TO ! CONDITIONS >IS+ FROM ! CAPITALI/ MODE 
( PRODUCTION4 ,& BEHOLD6 ,CAPITALISM1 ! P>ADISE ( ! CAPITALI/1 
! EPO* ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 
   

,9 FEUDAL SOCIETY ! L& 
[N+ CLASS WAS ! RUL+ CLASS & ?AT ONE GREAT 9T]E/ WAS 
REPRES5T$ BY GOV]NM5TS 9 ! =M ( ABSOLUTE MON>*IES4 ,AS ! 
CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION DEVELOPS 9 ANY C\NTRY !RE DEVELOPS 
ALONGSIDE ( ! 0L& 9T]E/0 MANY O!R 9T]E/S3 M]*ANT1 
MANUFACTURE1 TRANSPORTATION1 OIL1 /EEL1 LUMB]1 ETC41 ALL AMONG ! 
CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,9 ! E>LY /AGES ( CAPITALISM NONE ( !SE 
9T]E/S WAS P[]FUL 5\< TO RULE ITS [N 9DU/RY1 TO SAY NO?+ 
( RULE ! C\NTRY4 ,H]E WE HAVE ! F\NDATION = ,DEMOCRACY4 ,) 
! TRIUMPH ( ?IS CLASS CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5TS W]E =M$4 ,! 
ABSOLUTE MON>*Y GAVE WAY TO ! CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*Y OR ! 
,REPUBLIC4 ,! REPRES5TATIVE =M ( GOV]NM5T APPE>$4 
   

0,! ECONOMIC MODE ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE =MS ! BASIS ( ! :OLE SOCIAL /RUCTURE40 "9#h7 
   

,CAPITALISM 
DEM&S AN $UCAT$ WORK+ CLASS4 ,WORK]S :O C\LD NEI!R READ NOR 
WRITE W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO SORT FREI<T1 READ PRICE TAGS1 C\NT MONEY1 
KEEP BOOKS1 USE ! TAPE MEASURE1 ! SQU>E1 ! MICROMET]1 ETC4 ,) 
! COM+ ( CAPITALISM ! FREE S*OOL SY/EM APPE>S4 ,IT IS TO ! 
9T]E/ ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS TO 9CREASE ! PRODUCTIV5ESS ( 
LABOR1 9 ORD] TO %ORT5 ?AT P>T ( ! WORK+ DAY DUR+ :I* WE 
PRODUCE WEAL? = \RSELVES & CORRESPOND+LY L5G!N ?AT P>T ( 
! WORK+ DAY DUR+ :I* WE PRODUCE SURPLUS VALUE = !M4 ,!Y 
$UCATE US 9 ORD] TO MAKE ( US P]FECT$ 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION4 
,BUT IT IS NOT 5\< ?AT WE M]ELY WORK = !M4 ,!Y MIS-$UCATE US 
9 ORD] TO GET US TO FI<T = !M6 ,?9K ( A SLAVE CLASS FI<T+ 
TO DEF5D A SLAVE SY/EM6 
   

,CAPITALISM IS BAS$ ON WAGE SLAV]Y4 
,! CAPITALI/S HIRE WAGE WORK]S TO PRODUCE WEAL?1 GIVE !M P>T ( 
?AT WEAL? 9 ! =M ( WAGES & KEEP ! RE/4 ,WE DO NOT SELL \R 
LABOR TO ! CAPITALI/S2 WE SELL \R LABOR P[]4 0,?AT :I* 
CONFRONTS ! CAPITALI/ 9 ! M>KET IS NOT LABOR BUT ! LABOR] & 
?AT :I* WE SELL IS \R LABOR P[]04 "9#i7 
,LABOR P[] IS JU/ AS DIFF]5T FROM LABOR AS A MA*9E IS DIFF]5T 
FROM ! WORK IT DOES4 0,LABOR P[] IS ! M5TAL & PHYSICAL 
CAPABILITIES ( MAN :I* HE EX]CISES :5 HE PRODUCES WEAL?04 "9#a7 
   

,TO 
ILLU/RATE :AT A WAGE SLAVE IS1 SUPPOSE Y\ [N$ A NICE AUTOMOBILE 
& SOME ONE %\LD SAY TO Y\1 0,I WANT TO USE Y\R C> UNTIL IT IS ALL 
WORN \T4 ,I WILL GIVE IT GAS & OIL 5\< TO KEEP IT RUNN+ UNTIL IT 
CAN'T RUN ANY MORE40 ,SURELY Y\ W\LD NOT AGREE TO ?AT4 ,Y\ W\LDN'T 
ALL[ ANYBODY TO USE Y\R C> UNTIL IT WAS ALL WORN \T JU/ = GAS 
& OIL4 
   

,BUT1 M>K Y\ WELL1 IF Y\ >E A WAGE WORK] ?AT IS 
:AT Y\ >E DO+ ) Y\R BODY4 ,! CAPITALI/S USE Y\ UNTIL Y\ 
>E ALL WORN \T & ALL !Y AIM TO GIVE Y\ IS :AT ! *ATTEL 
SLAVES GOT1 :AT ! S]FS GOT1 :AT A HORSE GETS1 A B>E LIV+1 & 
Y\ >E NOT EV5 SURE ( ?AT4 ,H[ AB\T Y\R *ILDR58 ,Y\ P>5TS 
SP5D MANY HAPPY H\RS TEA*+ Y\R *ILDR5 H[ TO WALK & H[ TO 
TALK4 ,LONG YE>S >E SP5T UPON !IR $UCATION4 ,:5 !Y GET TO BE 
WOND]FUL Y\NG M5 & WOM5 ) !IR EYES BRI<TLY %9+ LIKE ! 
HEADLI<TS ON A NEW C>1 & ) !IR VE9S & >T]IES LIKE ! 
WIR+ ON A NEW C>1 & !IR HE>TS BEAT+ )\T A MURMUR1 LIKE 
! SMOO? RUNN+ ( NEW 5G9ES1 !N ! CAPITALI/S SAY TO ! 
PR\D P>5TS1 0,WE WANT TO USE Y\R *ILDR5 TO PRODUCE WEAL? = US 
& = \R *ILDR54 ,JU/ AS WE HAVE US$ Y\ TO PRODUCE WEAL? = 
US1 SO \R *ILDR5 WANT TO USE Y\R *ILDR5 TO PRODUCE WEAL? = 
!M :5 WE >E GONE40 
   

,! P>5TS ASK1 0,:AT >E \R 
*ILDR5 TO GET = ! USE ( !IR BODIES DUR+ ! PRECI\S YE>S 
( !IR LIVES80 ,ANSW]1 0,GAS & OIL04 ,A M]E LIV+ WAGE4 ,! 5DLESS 
*A9 ?AT />TS & 5DS ) WORK4 ,WORK TO GET MONEY1 TO BUY FOOD1 
TO GET /R5G? TO WORK4 ,EV]Y 9CREASE 9 ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR1 
EV]Y 9V5TION1 EV]Y VICTORY ( SCI5CE & TRIUMPH ( G5IUS 9 ! 
L9E ( 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS1 ONLY GOES TO 9CREASE ! WEAL? ( A 
P>ASITE CLASS :ILE ! WORK]S >E ONLY SUPPOS$ TO GET :AT SLAVE 
CLASSES ALWAYS GOT1 A B>E LIV+ & (T5 NOT EV5 ?AT4 ,?IS IS WAGE 
SLAV]Y1 ! F\NDATION ( CAPITALISM4 
   

,BUT CAPITALISM IS ONLY 
A PASS+ /AGE 9 ! ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T ( MANK9D4 ,AS CAPITALISM 
SPREADS OV] ! E>? IT PRODUCES ! WAGE WORK+ CLASS1 I4 E4 ! 
PROLET>IAT1 ! GREAT CLASS :OSE HI/ORIC MISSION IS TO 5D 
EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY HIS FELL[ MAN4 0,( ALL ! CLASSES ?AT /& 
FACE TO FACE ) ! B\RGEOISIE TODAY1 ! PROLET>IAT ALONE IS A 
REALLY REVOLUTION>Y CLASS4 ,! O!R CLASSES DECAY & F9ALLY 
DISAPPE> 9 ! FACE ( MOD]N 9DU/RY2 ! PROLET>IAT IS ITS 
SPECIAL & ESS5TIAL PRODUCT40 "9#a#a7 
   

0,! 
L[] MIDDLE CLASS1 ! SMALL MANUFACTUR]1 ! %OPKEEP]1 ! 
>TISAN1 ! PEASANT1 ALL !SE FI<T AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE TO SAVE 
FROM EXT9CTION !IR EXI/5CE AS FACTIONS ( ! MIDDLE CLASS4 ,!Y 
>E1 !RE=E1 NOT REVOLUTION>Y1 BUT CONS]VATIVE4 ,NAY1 MORE1 !Y 
>E REACTION>Y1 = !Y TRY TO ROLL BACK ! :EELS ( HI/ORY40 "9#a#b7 
   

,9 
! E>LY DAYS ( CAPITALISM ! WAGE WORK]S W]E NOT CONSCI\S ( 
!IR HI/ORIC MISSION1 !Y HAD NO IDEA ( REVOLUTION4 ,!IR :OLE 
IDEA ( SUCCESS WAS TO WORK H>D1 SAVE !IR MONEY & GET 9TO 
BUS9ESS4 ,:5 LOOK+ = EMPLOYM5T !Y W\LD TAKE ANY JOB !Y 
C\LD GET1 NO MATT] H[ LONG ! H\RS OR H[ %ORT ! PAY4 ,!Y 
REASON$1 0IT IS BETT] TO WORK H>D = SMALL WAGES ?AN TO REMA9 
IDLE1 & CONSUME :AT Y\ HAVE SAV$40 ,( C\RSE1 ! EMPLOY]S1 ! 
BUY]S ( LABOR P[]1 :5 !Y F\ND ?AT ! SELL]S ( LABOR P[] 
W]E WILL+ TO TAKE ANY PRICE (F]$1 DIDN'T (F] MU*4 
   

,AS 
A RESULT1 ! WORK]S SOON F\ND !MSELVES WORK+ MANY H\RS A DAY 
= V]Y SMALL PAY4 ,!Y DIDN'T GET 5\< TO LIVE & KEEP !MSELVES 
9 NORMAL CONDITION1 TO SAY NO?+ ( SAV+ ANY?+4 ,!Y GREW 
RAPIDLY WEAK] & SMALL]4 ,!Y W]E P]I%+4 ,!N ! UNRE/ BEGAN4 
,!Y REALIZ$ ?AT SOME?+ MU/ BE DONE4 ,BUT /ILL NO IDEA ( 
REVOLUTION4 ,!Y REASON$ ?AT CAPITALISM WAS ALL RI<T BUT IT NE$$ 
SOME IMPROVEM5TS1 SOME RE=MS4 ,! CAPITALI/S 9 SOME CASES GAVE 
SU* IMPROVEM5TS AS SEEM$ NECESS>Y TO KEEP FROM 0KILL+ ! 
*ICK5S ?AT W]E LAY+ ! GOLD5 EGGS40 ,M>X SAID1 SPEAK+ ( ! 
,5GLI% ,FACTORY ,ACTS 3 0,AP>T FROM ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T ?AT 
DAILY GREW MORE ?REAT5+1 ! LIMIT+ ( FACTORY LABOR WAS DICTAT$ 
BY ! SAME NECESSITY :I* SPREAD GUANO OV] ! ,5GLI% FIELDS4 ,! 
SAME BL9D EAG]NESS = PLUND] ?AT 9 ! ONE CASE EXHAU/$ ! 
SOIL HAD1 9 ! O!R1 TORN UP BY ! ROOTS ! LIV+ =CE ( ! 
NATION40 "9#a#c7 
   

,BUT 
! WORK]S W]E NOT SATISFI$4 ,!Y WANT$ MORE ?AN A LIV+ WAGE4 
,!Y WANT$ A SAV+ WAGE4 ,:AT HOPE WAS !RE = !M IF !Y C\LD 
NOT SAVE SOME?+ = !IR OLD AGE8 ,& H[ W]E !Y TO GET 9TO 
BUS9ESS8 ,9 SOME CASES1 ! POLITICIAN FRAM$ UP ! OLD AGE P5SION 
IDEA4 ,!Y TOLD ! WORK]S3 0,) AN OLD AGE P5SION Y\ WON'T NE$ TO 
SAVE ANY?+ = Y\R OLD AGE4 ,:5 Y\ GET OLD ! DE> GOV]NM5T 
WILL TAKE C>E ( Y\40 ,!Y AIM TO GET ! WORK]S TO BE SATISFI$ 
) A M]E EXI/5CE WAGE & !N WORK !M TO DEA? BE=E !Y HAVE 
A *ANCE TO GET OLD4 
   

,BUT ! WORK]S WANT TO ESCAPE FROM WAGE 
SLAV]Y4 ,SOME ( !M SOON LE>N$ ?AT ! LAWS ( SOCIETY >E NOT 
MADE BY ! SUBJECT CLASS1 ?AT RE=MS >E EI!R ECONOMICALLY UNS\ND 
OR POLITICALLY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,?AT ! WORK]S CAN GET ONLY :AT !Y HAVE 
! P[] TO TAKE4 ,IF !Y HAVE ! P[] TO TAKE1 & BEG9 TO 
EX]CISE ?AT P[]1 ! CAPITALI/S WILL (T5 TRY TO GET AHEAD ( 
!M & GIVE1 HOP+ TO GET CR$IT ?AT !Y DO NOT DES]VE & 
DECEIVE ! WORK]S 9TO ! BELIEF ?AT ! B5EFITS DO NOT COME 
BECAUSE ( !IR [N ORGANIZ$ P[]S BUT BECAUSE ( K9DNESS 9 ! 
HE>TS ( ! CAPITALI/S4 ,RE/ ASSUR$1 ?AT IF ! WORK]S ALL[ 
!IR ORGANIZ$ P[] TO WEAK51 ! HE>TS ( ! CAPITALI/S WILL 
H>D5 ACCORD+LY4 ,9 ! LI<T ( ?IS FACT H[ FOOLI% IT IS = ! 
WORK]S TO ASK ! CAPITALI/S TO GIVE !M ! %ORT] WORK+ DAY OR 
WEEK1 OR ANY O!R ?+ ?AT !Y HAVE ! P[] TO TAKE4 
   

,MANY 
WORK]S HAVE NOT LE>N$ !SE ?+S YET & SO MU* VALUABLE 5]GY 
IS WA/$ 9 BUILD+ ORGANIZATION F\ND$ UPON ! RI<TS ( LABOR1 
! RI<T TO VOTE1 ETC4 0,! RI<TS ( LABOR >E ONLY = TIMES ( 
RELATIVE PEACE 9 ! CLASS W>4 ,:5 ! CRISIS COMES !SE SO-CALL$ 
TISSUES ( CIVILIZATION >E BRU%$ ASIDE & ! MAIL$-FI/ ( ! 
CAPITALI/ CLASS IS ?RU/ 9 \R FACES40 "9#a#d7 
,ORGANIZATIONS F\ND$ UPON ! RI<TS ( LABOR >E BUILT UPON S&1 & 
:5 ! /ORM COMES ! W9DS BL[ ! S&Y F\NDATION AWAY & ! 
ORGANIZATION COLLAPSES4 ,CLE>LY1 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAT 
MU/ BE F\ND$ UPON ! SOLID ROCK ( PROLET>IAN P[]4 ,LIB]TY & 
P[] >E ID5TICAL4 
   

,A FAVORITE PLAN ( ! WORK]S 9 ! 
E>LY DAYS WAS = ONE ALONE TO ASK ! EMPLOY] = MORE PAY4 ,IT 
USUALLY WORK$ \T AB\T AS FOLL[S3 ,ONE WORK] W\LD SAY TO ! 
O!RS1 0,I AM GO+ TO ASK ! BOSS = MORE PAY & IF HE DOESN'T GIVE 
IT TO ME ,I AM GO+ TO QUIT40 ,! O!R WORK]S1 EA* SPEAK+ = 
HIMSELF1 W\LD SAY1 0,GO AHEAD & ASK HIM & IF HE GIVES IT TO Y\1 ,I 
WILL ASK HIM40 ,! BOSS USUALLY ANSW]$ BY SAY+1 0,NO1 IF ,I GIVE Y\ 
MORE PAY ALL ! O!RS WILL WANT MORE40 
   

,F9ALLY ! WORK]S 
GOT ! UNION IDEA6 ,!N1 9/EAD ( 0,I WANT MORE10 !Y W5T UP 
TOGE!R & SAID1 0,WE WANT MORE1 & IF WE DON'T GET IT WE WILL ALL 
QUIT40 ,IT WAS A GOOD IDEA & WORK$ WELL4 ,! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S HAV+ 
P[] W]E RESPECT$ MORE &1 ABOVE ALL1 !Y RESPECT$ !MSELVES 
MORE4 ,! UNION MOVEM5T DEVELOP$ FA/4 ,! EMPLOY]S W]E AFRAID ( 
?IS NEW P[]4 ,!Y1 BE+ ! RUL+ CLASS1 F9ALLY PASS$ A LAW 
TAK+ AWAY FROM LABOR 0! RI<T TO /RIKE0--BUT !Y C\LD NOT 5=CE 
IT6 ,! WORK]S SAID1 0,WE MAY NOT HAVE ! RI<T TO /RIKE1 BUT WE HAVE 
! P[] TO /RIKE60 ,& !Y W5T ON /RIKE 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ! 
LAW ?AT TRI$ TO MAKE IT A CRIME TO /RIKE4 ,AFT] A LONG & BITT] 
/RUGGLE1 DUR+ :I* MANY BRAVE UNION WORK]S W5T TO JAIL1 ! RI<T 
TO /RIKE WAS WON BY ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S4 
   

,?US E>LY 9 ! 
LABOR MOVEM5T WAS DEMON/RAT$ A VITAL PO9T1 ONE ?AT %\LD BE 
C>EFULLY NOT$1 & ?AT IS1 ! DIFF]5CE BETWE51 & ! RELATION 
BETWE51 ! RI<TS ( LABOR & ! P[]S ( LABOR4 
   

,! 
UNIONS AT FIR/ W]E RA!R SMALL AUTONOM\S GR\PS1 =M$ = ! 
MO/ P>T ON TRADE OR CRAFT L9ES & ) LITTLE1 OR NO1 IDEA ( CLASS 
SOLID>ITY4 ,!Y DID NOT RECOGNIZE ! IRREPRESSIBLE CLASS /RUGGLE 9 
SOCIETY4 ,!IR IDEA WAS ?AT CAPITAL & LABOR W]E BRO!RS4 ,9 O!R 
WORDS1 ! 9T]E/ ( ! ROBB]S & ! ROBB$ >E ID5TICAL6 ,!IR 
ONLY HOPE ( ESCAPE FROM WAGE SLAV]Y WAS TO 0WORK H>D1 SAVE MONEY1 
& GET 9TO BUS9ESS40 
   

,) ! DEVELOPM5T ( MA*9]Y & 
MOD]N 9DU/RY ! MEAG] SAV+S ( AN 9DIVIDUAL WORK] >E UNABLE 
TO COPE1 9 A BUS9ESS WAY1 ) ! GIANT COMB9ATIONS ( CAPITAL4 
,) ! COM+ ( 0,BIG ,BUS9ESS10 MILLIONS ( PETTY L& HOLD]S1 
SMALL %OP KEEP]S & PETTY B\RGEOISIE G5]ALLY >E BE+ CRU%$ 
\T ( BUS9ESS & =C$ 9TO ! RANKS ( ! PROLET>IAT4 
   

0,9 
! SPH]E ( AGRICULTURE1 MOD]N 9DU/RY HAS A MORE REVOLUTION>Y 
EFFECT ?AN ELSE:]E1 = ?IS REASON1 ?AT IT ANNIHILATES ! 
PEASANT1 ?AT BULW>K ( ! OLD SOCIETY1 & REPLACES HIM BY ! WAGE 
WORK]40 "9#a#e7 
   

,! 
WAGE WORK+ CLASS1 ! PROLET>IAT1 IS RAPIDLY 9CREAS+ 9 NUMB]S 
& IMPORTANCE4 0,!Y DOM9ATE ! N]VE C5T]S ( ! ECONOMIC LIFE40 
"9#a#f7 
,!Y >E ! LIV+ P>TS ( MOD]N 9DU/RY4 ,! 9DU/RIES RUN :5 
!Y RUN !M1 & /OP :5 !Y /OP4 ,!Y >E ! ONLY CLASS ?AT IS 
ABLE TO OP]ATE ! MOD]N MA*9]Y ( PRODUCTION4 0,! PROLET>IAT 
CANNOT /IR1 CANNOT RAISE ITSELF UP1 )\T ! :OLE SUP]9CUMB5T 
/RATA ( (FICIAL SOCIETY BE+ SPRUNG 9TO ! AIR40 "9#a#g7 ,?IS GREAT CLASS IS COM+6 ,ALL O!R CLASSES >E GO+6 
   

0,! 
C5T]+ ( ! MANAGEM5T ( 9DU/RY 9TO FEW] & FEW] H&S 
MAKES ! TRADE UNIONS UNABLE TO COPE ) ! EV] GR[+ P[] ( 
! EMPLOY+ CLASS40 "9#a#h7 
,:5 ONE CRAFT IS ON /RIKE ALL ! O!R CRAFTS REMA9 AT WORK & 
HELP TO BREAK ! /RIKE4 ,:5 COAL M9]S >E ON /RIKE 9 ONE 
DI/RICT OR C\NTRY1 ! TRANSPORTATION WORK]S HELP ! EMPLOY+ 
CLASS BY BR++ 9 COAL FROM O!R DI/RICTS OR C\NTRIES4 ,?US ! 
WORK]S ( ONE 9DU/RY SCAB ON ! WORK]S ( ANO!R 9DU/RY4 ,! 
CAPITALI/ CLASS CANNOT :IP ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!Y CAN ONLY DEFEAT US 
SO LONG AS !Y CAN GET ONE P>T ( \R CLASS TO :IP ! O!R P>T4 
,WE 0DEFEAT ONE ANO!R 9 WAGE W>S40 
   

,! EMPLOY+ CLASS1 
ORGANIZ$ AS A CLASS1 9 EMPLOY]S' ASSOCIATIONS1 ETC4 TRANSF] ORD]S1 
:]E POSSIBLE1 & BACK UP EA* O!R 9 ! CLASS W>4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT 
IF ONE GR\P ( WORK]S FI<T & W91 O!R WORK]S WILL BE 5C\RAG$ 
TO DO LIKEWISE1 & ! MORE !Y GET ! MORE !Y WILL WANT4 ,SO1 NO 
MATT] H[ MU* ! CAPITALI/S FI<T AMONG !MSELVES1 !Y >E AS ONE 
AGA9/ LABOR4 
   

,N[1 WE HAVE1 ON A BIGG] SCALE1 SOME:AT ! 
SAME CONDITION AS EXI/$ BE=E ! FIR/ LABOR UNION WAS =M$4 ,:5 
! MEMB]S ( ONE CRAFT ASK = MORE PAY ! EMPLOY]S SAY3 0,IF WE 
GIVE Y\ MORE !N ALL ! O!R CRAFTS WILL WANT MORE40 
   

,FROM 
!SE CONDITIONS1 & NOT FROM ! BRA9 ( ANY SAVIOR OR SUP]MAN1 
COMES ! IDEA ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM4 ,! IDEA ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL 
WORK]S ( ! WORLD1 ! PROLET>IAT1 %\LD ORGANIZE AS A CLASS & 
BACK UP EA* O!R 9 ! GREAT /RUGGLE = LIFE & FRE$OM4 
   

,?IS 
GR& IDEA ( SOLID>ITY ( LABOR1 A SOLID>ITY ?AT KN[S NO RACE1 NO 
CRE$1 NO C\NTRY1 IS A RESULT ( HI/ORICALLY DEVELOP$ CONDITIONS & 
HAS BE5 DEVELOP+ = YE>S 9 9DU/RIAL C\NTRIES4 
   

,NOT 
ONLY >E ! WAGE WORK]S GETT+ ! IDEA ( CLASS ORGANIZATION BUT1 
BECAUSE ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( 0BIG BUS9ESS01 !Y >E GIV+ UP ! 
IDEA ( BECOM+ CAPITALI/S &1 GLORY ( GLORIES1 !Y >E BECOM+ 
CONSCI\SLY REVOLUTION>Y6 
   

,9 ,*ICAGO1 ,ILL9OIS1 ,U4 ,S4 ,A41 9 
! YE> #a#i#e1 AN ORGANIZATION NAM$ 0,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! 
,WORLD0 WAS =M$4 ,! PRES5T WRIT] HAD ! PRIVILEGE ( REWRIT+ 
! ,PREAMBLE ( ?IS ORGANIZATION 9 #a#i#h1 & IT HAS /OOD UN*ANG$ 
FROM ?AT DAY TO ?IS4 
   

,A /UDY ( ! ,PREAMBLE & 
,CON/ITUTION ( ?IS ORGANIZATION WILL %[ ! =M & SPIRIT ( A 
#b? C5TURY REVOLUTION>Y LABOR ORGANIZATION4 ,! ,PREAMBLE SAYS 9 
P>T1 0,IT IS ! HI/ORIC MISSION ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO DO AWAY ) 
CAPITALISM4 ,! >MY ( PRODUCTION MU/ BE ORGANIZ$2 NOT ONLY = ! 
EV]Y DAY /RUGGLE ) CAPITALI/S1 BUT ALSO TO C>RY ON PRODUCTION 
:5 CAPITALISM %ALL HAVE BE5 OV]?R[N4 ,BY ORGANIZ+ 9DU/RIALLY 
WE >E =M+ ! /RUCTURE ( ! NEW SOCIETY )9 ! %ELL ( ! 
OLD40 
   

,?US ! OLD SOCIETY IS PREGNANT ) ! NEW4 ,! 
P[]S ?AT RULE ! WORLD TODAY WILL NEV] SURR5D] TO A WEAK] 
P[]4 ,CLE>LY ! ?+ TO DO IS TO BUILD ! P[] ( ORGANIZ$ 
LABOR4 ,TO TRY TO SAVE ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE--F>M]S1 %OP KEEP]S1 
ETC4--IS NOT REVOLUTION>Y BUT REACTION>Y4 ,RE=M]S TRY TO PAT* UP 
CAPITALISM4 ,REACTION>IES TRY TO ROLL BACK ! :EELS ( HI/ORY4 
,REVOLUTIONI/S BUILD ! NEW )9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD4 
   

,CAPITALISM 
IS RAPIDLY SPREAD+ OV] ! E>?1 BUT ! COM+ ( ! MOD]N WORLD 
IS ! COM+ ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,AS ,M>X SO WELL SAID1 0,:AT ! 
B\RGEOISIE !RE=E PRODUCES1 ABOVE ALL1 >E ITS [N GRAVE-DIGG]S4 
,ITS FALL & ! VICTORY ( ! PROLET>IAT >E EQUALLY 9EVITABLE40 
   

,:5 
! ORGANIZ$ P[] ( ! PROLET>IAT BECOMES GREAT] ?AN ! 
ORGANIZ$ P[] ( O!R CLASSES1 !N WILL COME ! REVOLUTION6 ,! 
OLD P[] WILL GO D[N BE=E ! GREAT] P[] ( ! NEW4 ,CAPITALISM 
BAS$ ON PRODUCTION = SALE WILL GIVE WAY TO PRODUCTION = USE4 ,?US 
WILL 5D ! WORLD'S LA/ CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! AGE-LONG EXPLOITATION ( 
MAN BY HIS FELL[MAN WILL CEASE =EV]1 & ?IS WILL BE ! CR[N+ 
A*IEVEM5T ( ! HUMAN RACE4 
   

,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD1 UNITE4 ,Y\ HAVE A WORLD & LIFE ITSELF TO GA96 
   

   

  ,F,R,E,E ,S,P,E,E,* ,F,I,<,T,S ,( ,! ,I4,W4,W4 
  ,BY ,R,O,G,] ,N4 ,B,A,L,D,W,9 
  ,DIRECTOR1 ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,LIB]TIES ,UNION 
   

,MY 
FIR/ REAL CONTACT ) ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 :5 ,I WAS A HOPEFUL 
Y\NG RE=M] 9 ,/4 ,L\IS 9 #a#i#a#b1 CAME AB\T AS ! RESULT ( ! 
,KANSAS ,CITY FREE SPEE* FI<T4 ,SOME ( ! BOYS JU/ \T ( JAIL 
DROPP$ 9 TO UNDECEIVE ME AB\T ,KANSAS ,CITY'S BOA/$ MUNICIPAL 
WORKH\SE4 ,!Y SIMPLY & DRAMATICALLY TOLD ! /ORY1 NEW TO ME1 ( 
H[ FREE SPEE* REALLY IS WON4 
   

,?AT TE*NIQUE1 DEVELOP$ BY 
! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 ITS T5 YE> /RUGGLE TO SPEAK ON ! PUBLIC 
/REETS DESPITE POLICE ORD]S1 IS UNIQUE 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY4 ,IT 
DEMON/RAT$ ! P[]LESSNESS ( ALL ! =CES ( LAW & ORD] 9 
! FACE ( M5 DET]M9$ TO FILL ! JAILS IF NECESS>Y TO W9 !IR 
RI<T TO TALK4 ,NO P[] ON E>? CAN BEAT M5 ) ! C\RAGE TO GO TO 
JAIL1 WILL+LY & *E]FULLY1 = A PR9CIPLE4 ,NOT IF !RE >E 
5\< ( !M4 
   

,I LE>N$ ( ?AT TE*NIQUE 9 ! ,KANSAS ,CITY 
FI<T2 ! SAME TACTICS ?AT M>K$ ! SCORE ( /RUGGLES *IEFLY 9 
MID-WE/]N & ,PACIFIC ,COA/ /ATES 9 ! YE>S #aif TO #a#i#a#f4 ,FIR/ 
! GAG ON /REET-SPEAK+1 ! >RE/S ( ! SPEAK]S ON ANY H&Y 
*>GE1 !IR CONVICTION & S5T5CE4 ,!N ! CALL = VOLUNTE]S1 
! CONT9U$ /REAM ( SOAP-BOX]S NI<T AFT] NI<T ON CR[D$ 
D[NT[N /REETS1 ! CEASELESS >RE/S1 & !N ! CITY'S AWAK5+ 
9 AL>M TO ! M5ACE ( A JAIL FILL$ TO OV]FL[+ & NEW 
C&IDATES >RIV+ BY EV]Y FREI<T4 ,! PRESS CALLS = /]N 
MEASURES4 ,*AMB]S ( ,COMM]CE RESOLVE ON EM]G5CY COMMITTEES1 
PATRIOTS RAVE4 ,BUT NO?+ /OPS ! 9VASION NOR *ECKS ! 
SOAP-BOX+4 ,! M5 9 JAIL WON'T WORK2 !Y WILL S+ SONGS4 ,!Y 
BECOME FRONT-PAGE COPY4 ,EV]Y SPEE* 9 C\RT IS PR9T$ 9 FULL2 EV]Y 
9CID5T 9 ! JAIL MAKES DRAMA4 ,F9ALLY1 HOPELESS ( /EMM+ ! 
TIDE & HAV+ NO MORE JAILS1 ! *AMPIONS ( FREE SPEE* >E 
RELEAS$2 ! FI<T IS WON4 ,9 ,KANSAS ,CITY1 SANE HEADS 9 9FLU5TIAL 
PLACES PO9T$ \T ! FUTILITY ( BO>D+ ALL !SE M5 AT ! CITY'S 
EXP5SE JU/ BECAUSE !Y WANT$ TO TALK ON ! /REETS1 & ! *IEF 
( POLICE SURR5D]$1 AGREE+ TO LET ALL ! M5 LOOSE ON ONE 
CONDITION AS A FACE-SAV]1-- ?AT !Y C\LD SPEAK FREELY IF !Y W\LD 
NOT ABUSE ! POLICE4 ,S9CE !Y HAD NO 9T5TION ( ABUS+ ! 
DEF5SELESS POLICE1 !Y AGRE$4 
   

,I WAT*$ SIMIL> TACTICS AT 
WORK 9 ,/4 ,L\IS ?AT W9T] 9 A CAMPAIGN TO MAKE ! CITY PROVIDE 
FOOD & %ELT] = ! ?\S&S ( HOMELESS M5 :O HAD COME TO T[N 
FROM ! FIELDS & CAMPS4 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 M5 DROPP$ 9TO A 
RE/AURANT1 ATE1 & !N PRES5T$ !IR *ECKS TO ! CA%I]1 
TELL+ HIM TO *>GE !M TO ! MAYOR4 ,>RE/$1 !Y MADE SPEE*ES 
9 C\RT ?AT BROKE ON ! FRONT PAGES4 ,! T[N GOT EXCIT$ OV] ! 
PROSPECT ( ?\S&S ( M5 HEAD+ = ,/4 ,L\IS TO EAT ON ! 
MAYOR1--= \T ( JAIL OR 9 IT ?AT WAS JU/ :AT !Y DID4 ,AFT] A 
FEW SCORE HAD MADE ! PO9T CLE>1 ! ,CITY ,C\NCIL HA/ILY PASS$ AN 
EM]G5CY BILL TO SET UP A LODG+ H\SE ) FREE MEALS1 & ! FI<T 
WAS WON4 ,& WON ON PRECISELY ! SAME TACTICS1 ! SAME DRAMATIC & 
MORAL APPEAL ?AT WON FREE SPEE*4 ,NO AM\NT ( LAWFUL PROPAG&A OR 
PUBLIC APPEALS C\LD HAVE TURN$ ! TRICK4 ,C\RAGE1 NUMB]S1 TEAM-WORK 
& DRAMATIC S5SE DID IT4 
   

,!SE FREE SPEE* FI<TS ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 CROPP$ \T )\T PLANN+ :]EV] ! POLICE PUT 
ON ! LID4 ,!Y R>ELY HAD ANY RELATION TO A /RIKE4 ,!Y W]E AN 
\TGR[? ( /REET PROPAG&A 9 CITIES :]E ORGANIZ]S W]E 
ATTEMPT+ TO RECRUIT MEMB]S4 ,AS ADV]TIS+ = !4 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 !Y W]E A HUGE SUCCESS4 ,?\S&S ( CITIZ5S :O 
HAD ONLY HE>D REMOTELY ( ! ORGANIZATION W]E >\S$ TO FE> & 
HATE BY ! M5ACE !Y SAW TO PROP]TY 9T]E/S 9 ! ORGANIZATION 
( !SE 0\TCA/S ( SOCIETY40 ,REVOLUTION>Y WORDS SEEM$ TO TAKE ON 
REALITY :5 ACCOMPANI$ BY SU* WILL+ M>TYRDOM4 ,! %AFTS ( 
REVOLT HIT HOME BECAUSE ! GU>DIANS ( PROP]TY & LAW HAD NO ANSW] 
TO ! ACCUSATIONS4 ,H]E W]E M5 ) A VISION & NO?+ TO LOSE4 
,!Y C\LD NOT BE B\<T (F NOR 9TIMIDAT$4 ,%ORT ( KILL+ !M 
!RE WAS NO ANSW] TO !IR DET]M9ATION TO SPEAK SAVE SURR5D]4 ,& 
AS SOME OLD F>M] IS QUOT$ AS SAY+1 0,Y\ CAN'T KILL 'EM2 ! LAW 
PROTECTS 'EM40 
   

,?IS RESI/ANCE ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 BOYS1 
COMB9$ ) REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A & SONGS C\*$ 9 WORDS 
ANYBODY C\LD UND]/&1 >\S$ PASSIONATE PREJUDICE4 ,SOB] CITIZ5S 
=GOT ALL LAW & ORD]2 !Y CALL$ = BLOOD4 ,& !Y GOT IT4 
,?\< NOT A S+LE CASE ( VIOL5CE BY A S+LE MEMB] ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 M>K$ A S+LE CONVICTION 9 SCORES ( FREE SPEE* 
FI<TS1 ! VIOL5CE AGA9/ !M WAS COLOSSAL4 ,IT W\LD BE FUTILE TO 
RECORD ! BEAT+S1 KIDNAP+S1 TORTURE4 ,SOME T5 M5 LO/ !IR 
LIVES 9 !SE FI<TS4 ,SOME?+ OV] #b1 W]E S5T TO JAIL \T ( 
MORE ?\S&S >RE/$4 
   

,& YET ! NET EFFECT ON ! PUBLIC 
M9D WAS ?AT ! VIOL5CE WAS *IEFLY ON ! P>T ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 OR DIRECTLY 9CIT$ BY !M4 ,?AT ! SWORN 
GU>DIANS ( ! LAW & ! LEAD+ CITIZ5S W]E 9CIT$ TO VIOL5CE 
M]ELY BY IDEAS !Y FE>$ IS NOT HELD AGA9/ !M \TSIDE RADICAL 
CIRCLES4 ,!Y DID !IR PATRIOTIC DUTY AGA9/ ?OSE SEEK+ TO 
OV]?R[ SOCIETY4 ,*>GES ( VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
EV5 9 ! TOTAL ABS5CE ( PRO(1 W]E GLADLY ACCEPT$ TO JU/IFY ! 
VIOL5CE AGA9/ !M4 ,I KN[ ( NO MOVEM5T 9 REC5T HI/ORY :I* SO 
)/OOD ! TEMPTATION TO VIOL5T REPRISALS AS DID ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 !SE FREE SPEE* & O!R FI<TS TO KEEP ! 
ORGANIZATION GO+4 ,AS A V9DICATION ( ! P[] ( ORGANIZ$ 
NONVIOL5T RESI/ANCE IT IS ONE ( ! \T/&+ EXAMPLES ( ALL 
TIME4 ,PRACTICALLY EV]Y FI<T WAS WON4 
   

,( C\RSE ! PRICE 
PAID BY ! ORGANIZATION = !SE VICTORIES WAS HI<4 ,:E!R !Y 
W]E WOR? IT 9 T]MS ( ! PURPOSES ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 IS A 
MATT] ( OP9ION4 ,MANY 9 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 CRITICIZ$ ! 
DIV]SION ( 5]GY TO A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! POLICE 9/EAD ( AGA9/ 
! BOSSES1 & TO W9N+ A FREE SPEE* ?AT DID NOT BUILD UNIONS4 ,TO 
W9 ! RI<T TO TALK T5D$ TO BECOME ! GOAL RA!R ?AN ! USE TO 
:I* ?AT RI<T WAS PUT4 ,BUT ,I V5TURE TO APPRAISE ! EFFECT ( ! 
/RUGGLE ON ! MORALE ( ! WORK]S AS F> MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ITS 
VICTORIES4 ,! EXHIBITIONS ( SOLID>ITY1 ( ! SACRIFICE ( ! 
9DIVIDUAL TO ! 9T]E/S ( HIS CLASS1 ( UNCOMPROMIS+ PURPOSE1 
ALL BUILT A P]SONALITY >\ND ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 :I* MADE IT ! 
UNRIVAL$ SPOKESMAN ( NATIVE ,AM]ICAN MILITANCY4 ,IT HAD MORE ( ! 
OLD REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION 9 IT1 & 9 PRECISELY ITS ORIG9AL 
SPIRIT--#a#g#g#f--?AN ANY MOVEM5T 9 OR \T ( ! WORK+ CLASS S9CE4 
,C]TA9LY NO FI<T = FREE SPEE* BE=E OR S9CE HAS APPROA*$ IT 9 
DET]M9ATION1 DRAMATIC TACTICS OR SUCCESS 9 ITS IMM$IATE PURPOSES4 
   

,ONE 
( ! SIGNIFICANT FACTORS 9 ?IS /RUGGLE WAS ITS ALMO/ EXCLUSIVE 
ISOLATION 9 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,ORD9>ILY FREE SPEE* FI<TS 
>\SE WIDESPREAD P>TICIPATION BY ?OSE NOT DIRECTLY AFFECT$ :O 
ACCEPT ! OLD TRADITION ( 0LETT+ !M TALK40 ,BUT ! VIOL5T 
PREJUDICE >\S$ BY ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 SC>$ (F TIMID LIB]ALS4 
,\TSIDE ! ,SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S ONLY A FEW /AUN* LIB]T>IANS 
*AMPION$ !IR RI<TS4 ,CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEF5SE FUNDS CAME FROM 
MIDDLE-CLASS S\RCES 9 CONSID]ABLE AM\NT1 BUT !Y DID NOT EMB>RASS 
! GIV]S BY PUBLIC ID5TIFICATION ) ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
   

,IT 
IS COMMONLY SAID ?AT MO/ ( ?OSE :O FI<T = FREE SPEE* DO SO TO 
GET !IR [N RI<TS1 BUT W\LD NOT LIFT A F+] TO GET SU* RI<TS 
= O!RS4 ,& IT IS *>G$1 )1 UNHAPPILY1 CONSID]ABLE EVID5CE 
TO PROVE IT1 ?AT SOME :O HAVE BE5 L\DE/ 9 DEM&+ !IR [N 
RI<TS HAVE D5I$ ?OSE RI<TS TO O!RS4 ,ONE RADICAL P>TY BREAKS UP 
! MEET+S ( ANO!R4 ,ONE ,A4 ,F4 ( ,L4 LEAD]1 AN AV[$ *AMPION ( 
FREE SPEE*1 A FEW YE>S AGO CALL$ = ! PROSECUTION ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 UND] ! CRIM9AL SYNDICALISM LAWS4 ,HE HIR$ ?UGS 
TO RAID !IR HALLS & BREAK UP !IR MEET+S4 ,BUT ,I HAVE NEV] HE>D 
( A S+LE 9/ANCE 9 :I* ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HAS BROK5 UP A 
MEET+ ( RIVALS OR OPPON5TS4 ,!Y ACCEPT = O!RS ! PR9CIPLE ( 
A TOL]ANCE !Y F\<T SO H>D TO GA94 
   

,! P]IOD ( !SE 
/RUGGLES = ! RI<T TO SPEAK ON ! /REETS CAME TO AN 5D ) ! 
W>4 ,EV]ETT WAS ! LA/ SC5E ( SIGNIFICANT CONFLICT4 ,) ! W> 
PROSECUTIONS1 ! 5]GIES ( ! ORGANIZATION W]E DIRECT$ TO SAV+ 
IT FROM ATTACK BY F> MORE P[]FUL =CES ?AN LOCAL POLICE & 
*AMB]S ( COMM]CE4 ,& S9CE ! W>1 PROPAG&A ON ! SOAP-BOX HAS 
GONE \T ( FA%ION ) ! *ANGES BR\<T AB\T 9 9DU/RY1 9 ! 
TACTICS ( RADICAL ORGANIZATIONS & 9 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ITSELF4 
   

,( 
! SCORE ( FI<TS1 TWO /& \T AS MO/ CONSPICU\S BECAUSE MO/ 
DRAMATIC & TRAGIC1--,EV]ETT1 ,WA%4 9 #aiaf & ,SAN ,DIEGO 9 #a#i#a#b4 
,LIVES W]E LO/ 9 BO?2 SCORES ( M5 W]E BEAT51 TORTUR$1 
KIDNAPP$1 DEPORT$1 MOBB$1 PROSECUT$4 ,!Y >E SO DIFF]5T 9 
*>ACT] ?AT !Y DES]VE DESCRIPTION1--?AT AT ,EV]ETT AN EXCLUSIVE 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 /RUGGLE1 ! O!R 9 ,SAN ,DIEGO %>$ BY 
,SOCIALI/S1 AN>*I/S1 LIB]ALS & OR?ODOX TRADE-UNIONI/S4 
   

,! 
,SAN ,DIEGO FI<T WAS SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE ( ! LONG-CONT9U$ LAWLESS 
VIOL5CE BY ! POLICE & A CITIZ5S' COMMITTEE ( 0VIGILANTES0 :O 
DEPORT$ & BEAT ! FREE SPEE* FI<T]S2 BECAUSE ( ! UNDAUNT$ 
RESI/ANCE ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 M5 :O SUPPLI$ MO/ ( ! 
RECRUITS2 & BECAUSE ( ! UNIT$ FRONT PUT UP BY ORGANIZ$ LABOR1 
,SOCIALI/S1 LIB]ALS & EV5 RELIGI\S LEAD]S4 ,! ACTIVE /RUGGLE 
LA/$ LONG] ?AN ANY FREE SPEE* FI<T ON RECORD--N9E MON?S4 ,IT 
ATTRACT$ NATION-WIDE ATT5TION & 9VOLV$ BO? /ATE & F$]AL 
GOV]NM5TS4 
   

,! ISSUE >OSE SUDD5LY 9 ,DECEMB]1 #aiaa :5 
! ,SAN ,DIEGO ,CITY ,C\NCIL1 9 RESPONSE TO ! URG+ ( M]*ANTS1 
ADOPT$ AN ORD9ANCE B>R+ ! CU/OM>Y /REET-SPEAK+ 9 ! 
C5T] ( ! CITY4 ,FIFTY BLOCKS W]E CLOS$4 ,SOCIALI/S1 
S+LE-TAX]S1 TRADE UNIONI/S1 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 & RELIGI\S 
GR\PS AT ONCE =M$ ! ,CALI=NIA ,FREE ,SPEE* ,LEAGUE TO FI<T = 
!IR COMMON RI<TS4 ,! DAY ! LAW TOOK EFFECT1 #d SPEAK]S1 
9CLUD+ TWO LAWY]S1 W]E >RE/$4 ,!Y W]E HELD )\T TRIAL 
UND] EXCESSIVE BAIL4 ,A HUNDR$ MORE W]E SOON ADD$1 JAMM+ ! 
JAILS4 ,OV]CR[D+1 ROTT5 FOOD1 ILLNESS1 BRUTALITY M>K$ !IR 
CONF9EM5T4 
   

,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 S5T \T A CALL = M54 
! TRADE UNIONS PL$G$ SUPPORT TO ! FI<T4 ,! REACTION>Y PRESS 
CALL$ = HANG+ OR %OOT+ )\T TRIAL4 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
M5 BEGAN >RIV+4 ,! POLICE ?REW A M\NT$ GU>D ALONG ! C\NTY 
L9E TO TURN !M BACK4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ! EI<T MON?S ( ! FI<T 
SCORES W]E SEIZ$1 BEAT51 TURN$ BACK2 ONE GR\P W]E =C$ TO KISS 
! FLAG AT ! PO9T ( GUNS1 ANO!R TO RUN A GANTLET ( ?UGS :O 
BEAT !M M]CILESSLY4 ,ONE LABOR MAN1 NOT AN ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 WAS 
KIDNAPP$1 TAK5 9TO ! C\NTRY & W>N$ TO KEEP GO+ ON PA9 ( 
DEA? IF HE RETURN$4 ,O!R DEPORTATIONS FOLL[$4 ,ALTOGE!R HUNDR$S 
W]E SEIZ$ BY A SELF-APPO9T$ CITIZ5S' COMMITTEE--VIGILANTES--TAK5 
F> \T 9TO ONE DES]T1 BEAT5 & W>N$ NOT TO RETURN4 
   

,MASS 
PROTE/ MEET+S W]E HELD 9 ,SAN ,DIEGO & ,LOS ,ANGELES4 ,AT ONE1 9 ,SAN 
,DIEGO L$ BY A WOMAN EVANGELI/1 ! FIRE HOSE WAS TURN$ ON SPEAK]S 
& AUDI5CE = OV] AN H\R1 9JUR+ MANY4 ,! FI<T1 ) ITS DAILY 
SKIRMI%ES1 >\S$ ! PRESS ALL OV] ! /ATE4 ,! DEA? ( ONE 
PRISON] FROM A BEAT+ PUT IRON 9TO ! FI<T]S4 ,RIS+ PROTE/S 
FROM ALL QU>T]S OV] ! /ATE PROMPT$ ,GOV]NOR ,HIRAM ,JOHNSON TO 
APPO9T AN (FICIAL 9VE/IGATOR4 
   

,JU/ :5 ! FI<T SEEM$ 
ON ITS WAY TO SETTLEM5T ) ACQUITTALS 9 C\RT1 A CLA% ) ! 
POLICE RESULT$ 9 ! KILL+ ( ONE ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 ! W\ND+ 
( SEV]AL MORE1 & ( TWO POLICE (FIC]S4 ,:OLESALE P]SECUTION 
FOLL[$4 ,RAIDS & DEPORTATIONS W]E R5EW$4 ,A VISIT+ AN>*I/ 
SPEAK] WAS SEIZ$1 TAK5 \T 9TO ! C\NTRY BY VIGILANTES1 BEAT51 
BR&$ & T>R$4 
   

,! REPORT ( ! GOV]NOR'S 9VE/IGATOR1 
SU/A9+ ! *>GES AGA9/ ! POLICE & VIGILANTES1 TOGE!R ) 
A FUR!R 9QUIRY BY ! ATTORNEY-G5]AL1 PROMPT$ ! 9DICTM5T ( 
LEAD+ VIGILANTES4 ,EV5 ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T ORD]$ AN 
9VE/IGATION4 ,! FREE SPEE* FI<T]S RESUM$ !IR MEET+S2 
DI/+UI%$ \TSIDE SPEAK]S CAME 92 PRESS SUPPORT GREW4 ,! M5 
>RE/$ W]E F9ALLY BR\<T TO TRIAL4 ,SOME W]E S5T5C$ TO SIX 
MON?S4 ,BUT >RE/S /OPP$4 ,! VIGILANTES W]E NEV] TRI$4 ,! FI<T 
WAS OV] & WON4 
   

,! CONFLICT 9 ! SEAPORT LUMB] T[N ( 
,EV]ETT1 ,WA%+TON1 9 #a#i#a#f1 9 CONTRA/ TO ! ,SAN ,DIEGO /RUGGLE1 
WAS %ORT--LESS ?AN A MON?--& IT WAS AN EXCLUSIVE ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
MOVEM5T4 ,! ISSUE >OSE 9 A /RIKE ( ! ,A4 ,F4 ( ,L4 
%+LEWEAV]S1 :5 POLICE & ?UGS BROKE UP PICKET L9ES & 
MEET+S4 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 DECID$ !N TO TRY ITS H& AT 
OP5+ UP ! T[N4 ,ATTEMPTS TO R5T A HALL RESULT$ 9 ! >RE/ & 
BEAT+ ( ORGANIZ]S1 :O W]E RUN \T4 ,! LEAD]S !N DECID$ TO 
APPROA* ! CITY FROM ! SEA4 ,A BOAT WAS *>T]$ 9 ,SEATTLE4 ,:5 
IT L&$ 9 ,EV]ETT1 ! #da M5 ON BO>D W]E SEIZ$ BY ! %]IFF 
& HIS M51 LOAD$ 9TO TRUCKS & TAK5 \T ( T[N4 ,!RE !Y W]E 
MADE TO RUN A GANTLET ON A RAILROAD TRACK--KICK$1 BEAT5 & /UCK 
) %>P /ICKS4 ,DRIV5 FROM T[N1 !Y DET]M9$ TO RECRUIT L>G] 
=CES4 ,! WEEK FOLL[+ #c M5 5 TWO *>T]$ /EAM]S LEFT 
,SEATTLE4 ,>RIV+ AT ! DOCK 9 ,EV]ETT1 S++ 0,HOLD ! ,=T = WE 
>E COM+10 !Y W]E MET BY A FUSILLADE ( %OTS & SCORES ( RIFLES 
9 ! H&S ( ! %]IFF & HIS DEPUTIES1 MANY ( !M RECRUIT$ BY 
! LUMB] 9T]E/S4 ,FIVE M5 LAY DEAD ON ! DECKS1 O!RS FELL 9TO 
! SEA2 #ca W]E W\ND$4 ,TWO DEPUTY %]IFFS W]E KILL$1 #af 
W\ND$--BY CROSSFIRE1 ! DEF5SE CONT5D$ 9 ! TRIALS1 DUE TO 
FIR+ ON ! BOATS FROM ?REE SIDES4 ,ALL ! REMA9+ 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 M5 W]E >RE/$ AT ONCE1 ) ALL O!RS :O C\LD 
BE F\ND 9 T[N1 9CLUD+ ?REE WOM54 ,SEV5TY-F\R W]E *>G$ ) 
MURD]4 
   

! DAUNTLESS SPIRIT ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WAS 
EVID5T :5 ! V]Y NEXT DAY TWO M5 TRI$ TO HOLD A /REET MEET+ 
( PROTE/4 ,>RE/$1 !Y W]E TORTUR$ & BEAT54 ,( ! M5 *>G$ 
) MURD]1 ONE WAS BR\<T TO TRIAL 9 ,SEATTLE SEV]AL MON?S LAT]1 
& AFT] TWO MON?S ACQUITT$4 ,! O!RS W]E !N FRE$4 ,NOT A 
S+LE ONE ( ! SCORES ( DEPUTIES :O FIR$ ON M5 M]ELY SEEK+ TO 
L& 9 T[N TO SPEAK ON ! /REETS1 WAS >RE/$ OR PROSECUT$4 ,! 
%]IFF 9 *>GE ( !M LAT] GOT A /ATE JOB4 ,! ,EV]ETT FI<T 
RESULT$ 9 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( FREE SPEE* AFT] ! TRIALS4 ,! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 OP5$ A HALL & HELD /REET MEET+S )\T 
9T]F]5CE4 
   

,SAN ,DIEGO & ,EV]ETT--NOT TYPICAL ( ! MANY 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 FREE SPEE* FI<TS1 BUT ! BE/ EVID5CE ( ! 
SPIRIT ( DET]M9ATION BEH9D !M4 ,!Y EMPHASIZE :AT ,MR4 ,DOOLEY 
LONG AGO SAID ( RI<TS4 0,DON'T ASK = RI<TS2 TAKE !M4 ,!RE'S 
SOME?+ ! MATT] ) A RI<T ?AT IS H&$ TO Y\40 ,& !Y 
ILLU/RATE ! TRU? ?AT LAW IS ONLY :AT ITS AG5TS *OOSE TO MAKE IT4 
   

,:5 
! W> BEGAN !RE W]E FEW PLACES :]E ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WAS 
UNABLE TO KEEP OP5 A HALL OR TO SPEAK ON ! /REETS4 ,! W> HY/]IA 
& ! CRIM9AL SYNDICALISM LAWS1 TOGE!R ) ! F$]AL 
PROSECUTIONS1 SOON CLOS$ MO/ ( !M4 ,! FI<T+ FRONT ( ! 
ORGANIZATION %IFT$ FROM ! /REETS TO ! CRIM9AL C\RTS4 ,%ORTLY 
9 MANY /ATES IT BECAME A CRIME TO BE A MEMB] ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,YET AFT] ! W>1 ! HALLS OP5$ UP AGA91 ?\< 
/REET SPEAK+ WAS F> LESS COMMON4 ,EXCEPT = ! P]IOD ( T]RORISM 
FOLL[+ ,C5TRALIA1 ! HALLS /AY$ OP54 ,BUT NO FI<T = FREE 
SPEE* ON ! /REETS HAS M>K$ ! YE>S S9CE1 SAVE = A LITTLE 
FLURRY 9 ,TOL$O4 
   

,AMONG ! \T/&+ FREE SPEE* FI<TS ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 >E ! FOLL[+3 #a#i#f1 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 ,CAL42 #a#i#i1 ,MISS\LA1 ,MONT41 ,SPOKANE1 ,WA%41 ,NEW ,CA/LE1 ,PA42 #a#i#a1 ,W5AT*EE1 ,WALLAH ,WALLAH1 ,WA%41 ,FRESNO1 ,CAL42 #a#i#a#a1 ,DULU?1 ,M9N41 ,VICTORIA1 ,B4 ,C41 ,D5V]1 ,COLO41 ,SUP]IOR1 ,WIS41 ,KANSAS ,CITY1 ,M41 ,AB]DE51 ,WA%42 #a#i#a#b1 ,SAN ,DIEGO1 ,CAL41 ,AB]DE51 ,S4 ,D41 ,NEW ,B$=D1 ,MASS41 ,M9NEAPOLIS1 ,M9N42 #a#i#a#c1 ,D5V]1 ,GR& ,JUNCTION1 ,COLO41 ,M9OT1 ,N4 ,D41 ,SEATTLE1 ,WA%41 ,KANSAS ,CITY1 ,MO42 #a#i#a#d1 ,AB]DE51 ,S4 ,D42 #a#i#a#e1 ,PAT]SON1 ,N4 ,J42 #a#i#a#f1 ,OLD ,=GE1 ,PA41 ,EV]ETT1 ,WA%4 
   

,NOBODY 
9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TODAY1 :]E FREE SPEE* REMA9S A *ALL5G+ 
ISSUE1 9 /RIKES & \T1 C>RIES ON ! TACTICS SO DRAMATICALLY 
WORK$ \T BY ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,!Y WROTE A *APT] 9 ! 
HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICAN LIB]TIES LIKE ?AT ( ! /RUGGLE ( ! ,QUAK]S 
= FRE$OM TO MEET & WOR%IP1 ( ! MILITANT SUFFRAGI/S TO C>RY 
!IR PROPAG&A TO ! SEATS ( GOV]NM5T1 & ( ! ,ABOLITIONI/S 
TO BE HE>D4 
   

,F> MORE EFFECTIVE IS ?IS DIRECT ACTION ( OP5 
CONFLICT ?AN ALL ! LEGAL MANEUV]S 9 ! C\RTS TO GET RI<TS ?AT 
NO GOV]NM5T WILL+LY GRANTS4 ,P[] W9S RI<TS1--! P[] ( 
DET]M9ATION BACK$ BY WILL+NESS TO SUFF] JAIL OR VIOL5CE TO GET 
!M4 ,! LITTLE M9ORITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS REPRES5T$ 9 ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 BLAZ$ ! TRAIL 9 ?OSE T5 YE>S ( FI<T+ = 
FREE SPEE* :I* ! 5TIRE ,AM]ICAN WORK+ CLASS MU/ 9 SOME 
FA%ION FOLL[4 ,)\T ?AT SPIRIT NO REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM CAN 
SUCCE$4 ,)\T IT1 ! ELEM5T>Y RI<TS ( AGITATION REMA9 A MY?4 
   

  ,H,[ ,! ,I4,W4,W4 ,D,E,F,5,D,S ,L,A,B,O,R4 
  ,BY ,R,A,L,P,H ,*,A,P,L,9 
  ,LABOR ,POET1 ,>TI/ & ,SPEAK] 
   

,:ILE 
$UCATION HAS BE5 ITS *IEF A*IEVEM5T1 MILITANT 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM 
9 ,AM]ICA HAS 9 ! MA9 FOLL[$ TWO MAJOR L9ES--COMBAT & 
DEF5SE4 ,BO? ( !SE HAVE BE5 SPECTACUL> 9 ! EXTREME4 ,AT EV]Y 
PO9T :]E ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD CONTACT$ ! P[]FUL 
& FIRMLY 5TR5*$ EMPLOY+ 9T]E/S1 FRICTION DEVELOP$ ON A 
SCALE HI!RTO UNPREC$5T$4 ,) ITS REVOLUTION>Y IDEAL & DEEPLY 
ROOT$ SKEPTICISM ( ALL ME?ODS SAVE ?OSE ( ! DIRECT ACTION ( ! 
WORK]S AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION1 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 AS MI<T BE 
SUPPOS$1 WAS FROM ! "4BEG9N+ DE/9$ = A /ORMY C>E]4 ,9 
FACT1 ! FIR/ YE> ( ITS EXI/5CE WAS M>K$ BY ONE ( ! MO/ 
\T/&+ LABOR DEF5SE CASES 9 HI/ORY4 
   

,! ,MOY]1 
,HAYWOOD1 ,PETTIBONE CASE WAS 9 REALITY ! AFT]MA? ( ! GREAT 
/RIKE ( ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S1 :I* CULM9AT$ 9 ! 
GIGANTIC FRAME-UP AGA9/ ?REE ( ! (FIC]S ( ! ,UNION4 ,ON 
,JANU>Y #a#i1 #aif ,WILLIAM ,D4 ,HAYWOOD1 ,*>LES ,MOY] & ,GEORGE ,A4 
,PETTIBONE W]E >RE/$ 9 ,COLORADO & SPIRIT$ AWAY TO ,IDAHO4 ,NO 
OPPORTUNITY WAS GIV5 !SE M5 TO SEE !IR FAMILIES OR TO CONSULT 
LAWY]S4 ,ONE ,H>RY ,OR*>D1 A /OOLPIGEON1 MADE A PURPORT$ CONFESSION 
9 :I* ! ?REE M9]S W]E ACCUS$ ( CONSPIRACY TO CAUSE ! 
MURD] ( EX-,GOV]NOR ,FRANK ,/U55BURG ( ,IDAHO4 ,?IS N[ FAM\S CASE 
WAS MADE A MATT] ( NATIONAL IMPORTANCE BY ! 5]GETIC MEASURES US$ 
BY ! DEF5SE4 ,PUBLICITY1 BO? 9 ! LABOR & CAPITALI/ PRESS1 
RESULT$ 9 /IRR+ UP PUBLIC OP9ION ALL OV] ! NATION & ! 
WORLD4 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 LE>N$ ITS FIR/ BIG LESSON 9 ! 
TACTICS ( LABOR DEF5SE FROM ?IS CASE--ONE ?AT WAS TO BE ( UTMO/ 
VALUE 9 ! YE>S TO COME4 ,PUBLICITY WON ! DAY4 
   

,EUG5E ,V4 
,DEBS' R++ SLOGAN1 0,IF !Y HANG ,BILL ,HAYWOOD !Y'VE GOT TO HANG 
ME0 BECAME ! BATTLE CRY ?AT WAS E*O$ 9 MANY P>TS ( ! WORLD4 
,CL>5CE ,D>R['S MA/]LY PLEA = ACQUITTAL PREVAIL$ OV] ! 
N>R[NESS & PREJUDICE ( ! TIMES4 ,! ACQUITTAL ( ,HAYWOOD 
RESULT$ 9 ! DROPP+ ( ! CASE AGA9/ ! O!RS4 
   

,9 
,JULY1 ,AUGU/ & ,SEPTEMB]1 #aii ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 L$ ! /RIKE 
( #h1 WORK]S AT ! ,PRESS$ ,/EEL ,C> ,COMPANY AT ,MC,KEES ,ROCKS1 
,P5N4 ,!SE M5 REPRES5T$ SIXTE5 NATIONALITIES4 ,! NOTORI\S /ATE 
CON/ABUL>Y OR1 AS ! /RIK]S CALL$ !M1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,COSSACKS1 
W]E CALL$ \T4 ,AN AMAZ+ S]IES ( BRUTALITIES RESULT$4 ,9 ORD] TO 
CALL ATT5TION TO ! 9JU/ICES BE+ P]PETRAT$ AGA9/ HELPLESS 
WORK]S1 ! /RIKE COMMITTEE ISSU$ AN ULTIMATUM :I* FOCUS$ ! 
ATT5TION ( ! NATION ON ! SC5E4 ,B5 ,WILLIAMS1 $ITOR ( 
,SOLID>ITY1 & A NUMB] ( FELL[ WORK]S HAD BE5 >RE/$4 ,MEET+S 
W]E HELD ALL OV] ! C\NTRY & DEF5SE FUNDS W]E RAIS$4 ,! TRUE 
/ORY ( ! ELEV5 WEEKS ( POLICE BRUTALITY WAS GIV5 TO ! NATION4 
,! 0,COSSACKS0 MADE ONE LA/ DESP]ATE ATTEMPT TO BREAK ! /RIKE ) 
CU/OM>Y VIOL5CE4 ,A T]RIBLE 5C\NT] 5SU$ 9 :I* ! /ATE 
POLICEM5 W]E =C$ TO SEEK %ELT] 9 ! COMPANY PLANTS4 ,! /RIKE 
5D$4 ,! DEF5DANTS W]E RELEAS$4 ,A SIMIL> /ORY ON A SMALL] SCALE 
WAS REPEAT$ 9 #a#i#a#b-#a#c 9 ,LITTLE ,FALLS1 ,N4 ,Y4 
   

,:ILE ! 
,SPOKANE FREE SPEE* FI<T IS M5TION$ ELSE:]E1 ! DEF5SE FEATURES 
>E WOR?Y ( NOTE4 ,SIX HUNDR$ MEMB]S ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 W]E 
>RE/$ 9 ,SPOKANE1 ,WA%+TON1 9 ! LATT] P>T ( #a#i#i4 ,9 ORD] 
TO PUT !IR PURPOSE ON ! FRONT PAGE ( ! DAILY PAP]S1 MORE ?AN 
#b ( !M W5T ON A HUNG] /RIKE ( FROM ELEV5 TO ?IRTE5 DAYS4 
,! P]SI/5CE ( ! HUNG] /RIK]S1 C\PL$ ) ! ATT5DANT 
PUBLICITY1 =C$ ! (FICIALS ( ! CITY TO YIELD4 ,9 ,SAN ,DIEGO1 
,KANSAS ,CITY & O!R CITIES :I* S\<T TO D5Y WORK]S ! RI<T ( 
FREE SPEE*1 SIMIL> TACTICS W]E US$ ) SIMIL> RESULTS4 
   

,9 
#aiab A /RIKE OCCURR$ 9 ! TEXTILE MILLS AT ,LAWR5CE1 ,MASSA*USETTS4 
,?IS WAS ANO!R ( ! GREAT /RIKES ( LABOR HI/ORY4 ,AB\T #c1 
WORK]S SPEAK+ #bg DIFF]5T LANGUAGES P>TICIPAT$4 ,! /RIKE WAS 
WELL ORGANIZ$ & SPL5DIDLY DIRECT$4 ,?IS & ! ,PAT]SON1 ,N4 ,J4 
/RIKE UND\BT$LY REVEAL ,WM4 ,D4 ,HAYWOOD AT HIS BE/ 9 ! ROLE ( 
/RIKE /RATEGI/4 ,ELIZABE? ,GURLEY ,FLYNN1 ! 0,JOAN ( ,>C0 ( ! 
,AM]ICAN ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T1 & ,JOE ,ETTOR & ,>TURO ,GIOVANNITTI1 = 
!IR C\RAGE & ABILITY1 BECAME FIGURES ( NATIONAL PROM95CE DUR+ 
?IS /RIKE4 ,! TWO LATT] W]E FALSELY ACCUS$ ( ! MURD] ( A 
LITTLE GIRL :O WAS KILL$ 9 :AT WAS ALLEG$ TO HAVE BE5 A /REET 
RIOT4 ,ETTOR1 ,GIOVANNITTI & ANO!R ,ITALIAN NAM$ ,C>USO1 W]E HELD 9 
JAIL A YE>4 ,! RESULT ( ! TRIAL WAS AN ACQUITTAL4 ,! DEF5SE WORK 
HAD BE5 V]Y EXT5SIVE 9 SCOPE4 ,PUBLIC OP9ION1 :I* REJOIC$ 9 ! 
VICTORY ( ! /RIK]S1 WAS EMPHATIC 9 DEM&+ ! RELEASE ( ! 
DEF5DANTS4 ,IT WAS DISCOV]$ ?AT ONE ( ! MILL OP]ATORS HAD 
PLANT$ EVID5CE TO HELP CONVICT ! UNJU/LY ACCUS$ M54 ,?IS 
OP]ATOR AFT]W>DS WAS REPORT$ AS HAV+ COMMITT$ SUICIDE 9 ,FLORIDA4 
   

,9 
! LATT] P>T ( #aiac ANO!R GREAT TEXTILE /RIKE UND] 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 LEAD]%IP OCCURR$ 9 ,PAT]SON1 ,N4 ,J4 ,! ,DOH]TY 
MILL1 [N$ *IEFLY BY ,JAPANESE CAPITALI/S1 WAS ONE ( ! L>GE/ 
UNITS 9VOLV$4 ,ALL ! HO>Y SUBT]FUGES ( ! EMPLOY+ CLASS W]E 
US$ TO DISCR$IT ! /RIK]S2 ! FRAME-UP1 PATRIOTISM1 ! SPY 
SY/EM & OP5 POLICE BRUTALITY4 ,?IS /RIKE PRODUC$ SOME ( ! MO/ 
SPECTACUL> DEF5SE FEATURES 9 LABOR HI/ORY4 ,AT ONE TIME ! 5TIRE 
*ILD-POPULATION ( ,PAT]SON WAS REMOV$ TO O!R CITIES TO BE LOOK$ 
AFT] UNTIL ! 5D ( ! /RIKE1 ?US LEAV+ !IR P>5TS FREE TO 
5DURE ! H>D%IPS ( ! 9DU/RIAL /RUGGLE )\T WORRY+ AB\T 
!IR (FSPR+4 ,BOB ,FITZSIMMONS1 ! FI<T] & ,B]?A ,KALI*1 ! 
ACTRESS CONTRIBUT$ !IR TAL5T AT B5EFIT P]=MANCES4 ,BUT ! 
FAM\S ,PAT]SON ,PAGEANT WAS BY F> ! GREATE/ /RIKE B5EFIT & 
DEF5SE-PUBLICITY /UNT ON RECORD4 ,MADISON ,SQU>E ,G>D5 9 ,NEW ,YORK 
,CITY WAS ! SC5E ( A COLOSSAL REPRODUCTION ( ! 5TIRE /RIKE4 
,ANO!R /RIK+ FEATURE ( DEF5SE PUBLICITY WAS ,BILL ,HAYWOOD'S 
EXPOSURE ( ! MILL[N]S' ME?ODS ( PROCESS+ SILK = PR(ITABLE 
SALE4 ,?IS PROCESS IS KN[N AS 0DYNAMIT+0 & CONSI/$ ( ! 
LOAD+ ( ! FABRIC ) LEAD1 T9 OR Z9C4 ,!SE ADULT]ATIONS W]E 
EXPOS$1 TO ! CON/]NATION ( ! TEXTILE B>ONS & ! ADVANTAGE 
( ! /RIK]S4 
   

,! ,=D & ,SUHR CASE IS ANO!R ( ! 
GREAT MILE/ONES 9 ! /ORY ( LABOR DEF5SE4 ,9 ,:EATL&1 
,CALI=NIA1 9 #aiac A /RIKE OCCURR$ 9 ! HEI<T ( ! HOP PICK+ 
SEASON4 ,RI*>D ,=D & ,H]MAN ,SUHR W]E >RE/$ *>G$ ) ! 
MURD] ( ,PROSECUT+ ,ATTORNEY ,MANWELL & ,DEPUTY ,%]IFF ,RIORDAN4 ,! 
TRIAL >\S$ WIDESPREAD 9T]E/ & RESULT$ 9 CONVICTION = ! 
DEA? ( ,MANWELL4 ,BUT ! T]RIBLE CONDITIONS PREVAIL+ 9 ! HOP 
FIELDS W]E EXPOS$4 ,= TWELVE YE>S AGITATION = ! RELEASE ( ,=D 
& ,SUHR WAS C>RI$ ON 9 ! FACE ( ! MO/ 9T5SE BITT]NESS ON 
! P>T ( ! ,CALI=NIA RUL+ CLASS & ITS PROSECUTORS4 ,=D WAS 
RELEAS$ ON P>OLE 9 #a#i#b#e4 ,RE>RE/$ & TRI$ AGA9 = MURD]2 ?IS 
TIME ) A V]DICT ( ACQUITTAL4 ,SUHR WAS RELEAS$ 9 #a#i#b#f4 ,! TRIAL 
WAS H&L$ BY ! ,CALI=NIA ,BRAN* ( ! ,G5]AL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE 
:I* OBTA9$ ! SIGNATURES ( A MAJORITY ( ! TRIAL JURY TO A 
PETITION /AT+ ?AT !Y BELIEV$ ! CONVICTIONS AM\NT$ TO A 
MISC>RIAGE ( JU/ICE4 
   

,! /RIKE ( ! ,S\!RN LUMB]JACKS 
:I* OCCURR$ 9 #aiac (F]S ANO!R EXAMPLE ( ! B5EFITS TO LABOR 
( WELL ORGANIZ$ DEF5SE WORK4 ,9TOL]ABLE CONDITIONS HAD DRIV5 ! 
LUMB] WORK]S TO REVOLT4 ,! /RIKE WAS ORGANIZ$ & DIRECT$ BY ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,A RIOT WAS PLANN$ & EXECUT$ BY COMPANY DIRECTORS 
& GUNM54 ,FIFTY-EI<T M5 W]E >RE/$ & ?R[N 9TO JAIL4 ,F\R 
M5 BELONG+ TO ! ,A4 ,F4 ( ,L4 W]E KILL$ \TRI<T 9 A DAYLI<T 
MASSACRE4 ,ATTEMPT TO ORGANIZE WAS ! ONLY REASON GIV5 OR REQUIR$4 
,BLACKLI/ WAS US$ FREELY4 ,M5 & WOM5 W]E DRIV5 \T ( ! 
C\NTRY4 ,! #eh M5 W]E CONF9$ 9 JAIL = MON?S UNTIL NEWS ( ! 
FRI<TFUL CONDITIONS SPREAD TO ALL P>TS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,?US ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 OP5$ UP ! SEMI-FU$AL ,S\? = LABOR 
ORGANIZATION4 
   

,! CASE ( ,RANGEL & ,CL9E1 LIKE ! ONE 
M5TION$ ABOVE1 ATTRACT$ A GREAT DEAL ( ATT5TION4 ,! WIDE/ 
PUBLICITY WAS GIV5 TO ! FACTS 9 ! CASE1 BUT LIKE ,=D & ,SUHR1 
! TWO M5 W]E =C$ TO S]VE A L>GE P>T ( !IR TIME 9 PRISON4 
,9 #a#i#a#d1 ,*>LES ,CL9E1 AN ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 & A ,MEXICAN FELL[ 
WORK] NAM$ ,RANGEL1 W]E >RE/$ NE> ! BORD]4 ,!Y W]E *>G$ 
) VIOLATION ( ! NEUTRALITY ACT = ATTEMPT+ TO JO9 =CES ) 
,MEXICAN REBELS ACROSS ! ,RIO ,GR&E :O W]E ATTEMPT+ TO OV]?R[ 
! TYRANNY ( ,PORFIRIO ,DIAZ1 DICTATOR ( ,MEXICO4 ,BO? S]V$ ?IRTE5 
YE>S4 ,! WIDE 9T]E/ >\S$ BY !IR CASE WAS /ILL ALIVE :5 
BO? M5 W]E P>DON$ BY ! ,GOV]NOR ( ,TEXAS1 0,MA0 ,F]GUSON4 
   

,! 
FAM\S ,JOE ,HILL CASE OCCURR$ 9 ,UTAH 9 #a#i#a#d4 ,IT WAS A CLASSICAL CASE 
( ! 0FRAME-UP0 US$ AGA9/ LABOR4 ,A /RIKE AGA9/ ! ,UTAH 
,CON/RUCTION ,COMPANY OCCURR$ AT ,B+HAM ,CANYON4 ,IT WAS A SUCCESS4 ,! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 SONG WRIT]1 ,JOE ,HILL1 WAS ! *IEF AGITATOR & 
ORGANIZ]4 ,HE WAS >RE/$ 9 ,SALT ,LAKE ,CITY = ! MURD] ( A LOCAL 
GROC]YMAN NAM$ ,MORRISON4 ,HE WAS TRI$ & CONVICT$2 APPEAL$ & 
LO/4 ,GURLEY ,FLYNN VISIT$ ,JOE ,HILL 9 JAIL1 & URG$ HIM TO ACCEPT 
! DEF5SE ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,!N />T$ A P]IOD ( DEF5SE 
ACTIVITY ONLY P>ALLEL$ BY ! ,SACCO-,VANZETTI CASE4 ,! ,GOV]NOR'S 
MANSION WAS 9UNDAT$ ) LETT]S & TELEGRAMS4 ,! ,SW$I% 
,AMBASSADOR & EV5 ,PRESID5T ,WILSON W]E 9DUC$ TO APPEAL = 
CLEM5CY = ,JOE ,HILL4 ,PROTE/ MEET+S W]E HELD 9 ALL P>TS ( ! 
WORLD4 ,ON ,NOVEMB] #a#g1 #aiae ,JOE ,HILL FAC$ A FIR+ SQUAD 9 ! ,UTAH 
P5IT5TI>Y4 ,HIS LA/ MESSAGE WAS 0,DON'T M\RN = ME2 ORGANIZE40 ,JOE 
,HILL'S BODY WAS S5T TO ,*ICAGO & CREMAT$ AT ,GRACEL& ,CEMET]Y4 ,HIS 
FUN]AL WAS ONE ( ! L>GE/ 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,*ICAGO4 
   

,! 
,EV]ETT ,MASSACRE OCCURR$ 9 #a#i#a#f4 ,/RIK+ %+LE WEAV]S W]E D5I$ 
! RI<T TO SPEAK ON ! /REETS ( ,EV]ETT1 ,WN4 ,LUMB] WORK]S W]E 
BEAT5 ) AX-H&LES & DRIV5 \T ( T[N4 ,LOGG]S FROM ,SEATTLE 
ATTEMPT$ TO COME TO ,EV]ETT BY /EAM%IP TO HOLD A MEET+4 ,!SE W]E 
MET AS ! /EAM] ,V]ONA REA*$ ! CITY DOCKS1 BY A FUSILLADE ( 
BULLETS FROM GUNM5 AB\T ! :>VES4 ,TWO HUNDR$ & N9ETY-F\R 
WORK]S W]E >RE/$4 ,SEV5TY-F\R W]E *>G$ ) MURD] ( A 
GUNMAN NAM$ ,JEFF]SON ,BE>D1 :O WAS KILL$ BY CROSSFIRE ( ! 
%]IFF'S =CES4 ,! 9DICTM5T WAS R$UC$ & ,TOM ,TRACY W5T TO 
TRIAL4 ,GEORGE ,V&]VE] ( ,SEATTLE WAS ! DEF5SE ATTORNEY4 ,GREAT 
PUBLICITY WAS GIV5 ?IS CASE4 ,! DEF5DANT WAS ACQUITT$4 ,! 
REMA9+ M5 W]E FRE$4 
   

,! ,MESABA /RIKE 9 #aiaf RAN TRUE 
TO =M4 ,! 5TIRE IRON RANGE WAS FLOOD$ ) GUNM54 ,SIXTE5 
?\S& M9]S W]E 9VOLV$4 ,!RE W]E KIDNAP+S1 SLUGG+S & 
O!R =MS ( POLICE BRUTALITY1 CULM9AT+ 9 ! >RE/ ( ?REE 
ORGANIZ]S = LIBEL4 ,!SE M5 HAD SAID 9 OP5 MEET+ ?AT COMPANY 
GUNM5 HAD KILL$ A /RIK+ M9] NAM$ ,JOHN ,AL>4 ,!Y W]E FRE$ 
LAT]4 ,ANO!R M9] S5T TO ! P5IT5TI>Y AT ,/ILLWAT]1 ,M9N4 WAS 
F9ALLY RELEAS$1 L>GELY AS A RESULT ( DEF5SE ACTIVITIES4 
   

,AMONG 
! W>-TIME CASES ! ONE TRI$ AT ,*ICAGO WAS ! L>GE/4 ,AN ATTEMPT 
WAS MADE UND] ! CLOAK ( ! 0W> = DEMOCRACY0 TO CRU% ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ONCE & = ALL1 BY >RE/+ ALL ( ITS (FICIALS 
& MANY ( ! MO/ ACTIVE WORK]S4 ,ONE HUNDR$ & ?IRTE5 W]E PUT 
ON TRIAL4 ,EI<TY-SEV5 W]E CONF9$ 9 ! ,COOK ,C\NTY JAIL = A YE> 
AWAIT+ TRIAL4 ,! DEF5SE WAS HAMP]$ 9 EV]Y CONCEIVABLE WAY4 ,ONE 
HUNDR$ M5 W]E CONVICT$ & S5T5C$ TO FROM A YE> & A DAY TO 
TW5TY YE>S4 ,! EXP5SE ( ! TRIAL & DEF5SE PUBLICITY WORK W]E 
5ORM\S4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ YE> ( IMPRISONM5T ONLY A LITTLE OV] 
@s#g1 HAD BE5 RAIS$ = ! DEF5SE4 ,:5 ,BILL ,HAYWOOD WAS RELEAS$ 
ON BAIL HE SUGGE/$ ! ORGANIZATION ( A G5]AL DEF5SE COMMITTEE4 
,! FAM\S LETT] 0,9 ,MEMORIAM0 BORD]$ ) BLACK1 :I* WAS ! 
FIR/ ?+ ,HAYWOOD GOT \T1 BR\<T 9 @s#i1 9 AB\T A MON?4 ,:ILE 
! ,WI*ITA & ,SACRAM5TO CASES W]E GO+ ON ANO!R FAM\S DOCUM5T1 
0,) ,DROPS ( ,BLOOD10 WAS PUBLI%$4 ,! FIR/ MON?'S RETURNS FROM 
?IS W]E OV] @s#b#b14 
   

,! ,G5]AL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE WAS 
US+ PR(ITABLY ALL ! EXP]I5CES ( ! PA/ 9 ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
DEF5SE WORK4 ,SPEAK]S W]E S5T TO ALL P>TS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,EA* 
MEMB] RELEAS$ FROM PRISON ON BAIL WAS IMM$IATELY S5T ON ! FIR+ 
L9E4 ,! CAPITAL BUILD+ 9 ,WA%+TON WAS 9UNDAT$ ) PROTE/S4 ,A 
MILLION SPECIAL PROTE/ C>DS W]E CIRCULAT$ & #c11 0,AMNE/Y BY 
,*RI/MAS0 /AMPS W]E PREP>$ & US$4 ,9 ADDITION TO !SE1 
HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PAMPHLETS & LEAFLETS W]E CIRCULAT$1 9 
SPITE ( ! EF=TS ( ! ,GOV]NM5T TO OB/RUCT SU* WORK4 ,! 
0,AMNE/Y BY ,*RI/MAS0 DRIVE ( ! ,G5]AL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE 9 ! 
,FALL ( #aibc IS CONC$$ TO HAVE BE5 AN IMPORTANT FACTOR 9 SECUR+ A 
G5]AL RELEASE ( POLITICAL PRISON]S4 
   

,! MEMB]S ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 >RE/$ 9 ,KANSAS W]E FIR/ >RE/$ & *>G$ 
) VAGRANCY4 ,IT WILL BE REMEMB]$ !Y W]E PICK$ UP 9 ! OIL 
FIELDS SUSPECT$ ( TRY+ TO ORGANIZE ! OIL WORK]S1 ?US 
9T]F]+ ) ! PR(ITS ( ?AT GREAT PATRIOT1 ,H>RY ,S9CLAIR6 
,!SE M5 W]E HELD 9 JAIL TWO YE>S AWAIT+ TRIAL4 ,! ORIG9AL 
*>GE ( VAGRANCY WAS *ANG$ ON ,M>* #f TO VIOLATION ( ! ,LEV] 
,ACT1 :I* WAS QUA%$4 ,NEW 9DICTM5T WAS DRAWN *>G+ #* M5 ) 
CONSPIRACY PRIOR TO & DUR+ !IR CONF9EM5T 9 JAIL4 ,M5 CONVICT$ 
9 ! ,*ICAGO CASE W]E NAM$ AS COCONSPIRATORS4 ,NUM]\S ATTEMPTS 
MADE BY DEF5SE C\NSEL TO QUA% ! 9DICTM5T W]E F9ALLY 
SUCCESSFUL1 BUT AGA9 A NEW 9DICTM5T WAS DRAWN ) C]TA9 *ANGES 
MADE 9 IT4 ,M5 W5T TO TRIAL ON ,DECEMB] #a1 #a#i#a#i4 ,V]DICT ( GUILTY 
R5D]$ ) S5T5CES RANG+ FROM ?REE TO N9E YE>S4 ,DUR+ !IR 
CONF9EM5T 9 JAIL TWO W5T 9SANE2 ONE DI$ FROM 9FLU5ZA2 ?REE 
CONTRACT$ TUB]CULOSIS4 
   

,! ,SACRAM5TO ,CASE1 9 #aiag ALSO 
/>T$ ) AN EXPLOSION AT ! RE> ( ! GUB]NATORIAL MANSION1 
MEMB]S ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 BE+ *>G$ ) ! CRIME4 ,*>LES 
,M4 ,FICK]T1 !N RUNN+ = REELECTION US$ ?IS AS POLITICAL 
CAPITAL4 ,EV]Y ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 T[N WAS >RE/$4 ,FIVE DAYS AFT] 
! EXPLOSION TWO ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 MEMB]S W]E >RE/$4 ,!Y HAD A 
PACKAGE CONTA9+ N9E /ICKS ( DYNAMITE1 FIVE CAKES ( SOAP & A 
QUANTITY ( BACON4 ,!Y SAID !Y W]E GO+ PROSPECT+4 ,EVID5CE WAS 
LACK+1 SO EVID5CE WAS MANUFACTUR$1 ) ! HELP ( ! DAILY 
PRESS4 ,DEF5DANTS W]E *>G$ ) VIOLAT+ EV]Y W> ACT & ) 
NUM]\S FIRES OCCURR+ 9 ,CALI=NIA4 ,DEF5DANTS BECAME CONV9C$ 
!Y C\LD EXPECT NO JU/ICE & REFUS$ TO EMPLOY C\NSEL1 US+ ! 
0SIL5T DEF5SE0 ME?OD4 ,A4 ,W4 ,FOX1 ,!ODORA ,POLLACK & ,BASILE 
,SAF=ES EMPLOY$ C\NSEL & W]E LET (F ) F9ES4 ,! O!RS W]E 
CONVICT$ ON ALL C\NTS & S5T5C$ TO FROM ONE TO T5 YE>S4 
   

,! 
,CALI=NIA ,SYNDICALISM CASES BEGAN AFT] ! PASSAGE ( ! LAW 9 ! 
,SPR+ ( #a#i#a#i4 ,EI<T MEMB]S ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 W]E 
PROSECUT$4 ,TRIALS ( ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 MEMB]S OCCURR$ = A P]IOD 
( OV] FIVE YE>S1 ACCUSATIONS BE+ FIL$ 9 TW5TY C\NTIES2 ACTUAL 
TRIALS W]E HELD 9 F\RTE54 ,FIVE HUNDR$ & ?IRTY-ONE P]SONS W]E 
ACCUS$ BY 9DICTM5T2 #bib DISMISS$ )\T TRIAL2 #bfd W]E ACTUALLY 
TRI$2 #afd ACTUALLY CONVICT$4 ,?REE PR(ESSIONAL WITNESSES--,DYMOND1 
,C\TTS & ,T[NS5D--APPE>$ AGA9/ ! ACCUS$ AT ALL TRIALS1 !IR 
ME?OD BE+ TO REC\NT !IR ACTS :ILE MEMB]S !MSELVES ( ! 
ORGANIZATION4 ,NO ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO *ECK UP !IR /ATEM5TS4 ,! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 />T$ A /ATE-WIDE CAMPAIGN ( ORGANIZATION & 
DEF5SE LIT]ATURE4 ,TOM ,CONNORS WAS 9DICT$ ON A *>GE ( TAMP]+ 
) A JURYMAN4 ,!SE TRIALS BR\<T TO LI<T ! *>ACT] ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 AS AN 9DU/RIAL UNION4 ,TO C\NT]ACT ! TRUE FACTS 
& KEEP !M FROM REA*+ ! PUBLIC1 ! 9JUNCTION WAS RESORT$ TO1 
:I* MEANT ?AT ! ACCUS$ W\LD HAVE NO RI<T TO A JURY TRIAL4 
,DIRECT VIOL5CE UPON ! P>T ( ! PR$ATORY 9T]E/S RESULT$ 9 A 
MOB RAID UPON ! HALL ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 AT ,SAN ,P$RO1 
,CALI=NIA1 A NUMB] ( PEOPLE1 9CLUD+ SEV]AL *ILDR5 BE+ 
SEV]ELY 9JUR$4 ,A GR& JURY 9VE/IGATION :ITEWA%$ ! 5TIRE 
BUS9ESS4 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 CONT9U$ TO FUNCTION ) MORE VIGOR 
?AN EV]1 & SUBSEQU5TLY ALL CRIM9AL SYNDICALISM CASES W]E 
DISMISS$4 
   

,9 ! ,C5TRALIA1 ,WA%+TON CASE ( ,NOVEMB] #a#a1 
#a#i#a#i1 ! *>GE WAS MADE ?AT AN ,AM]ICAN ,LEGION MAN HAD BE5 KILL$ 
BY MEMB]S ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 ,C5TRALIA4 ,T5 M5 W]E 
9VOLV$4 ,! TR\BLE WAS ! RESULT ( ! ,LEGION M5 GO+ NUT ( ! 
L9E ( M>* TO ATTACK ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HALL4 ,9 ! SKIRMI% 
?AT 5SU$ ,LIEUT5ANT ,W>R5 ,O4 ,GRIMM & ?REE O!R ,LEGIONNAIRES 
W]E KILL$4 ,ON ,M>* #a#c1 #aib A V]DICT WAS RETURN$ ?AT WAS 
UNACCEPTABLE TO ! C\RT & ! JURY RETURN$ ) NEW 9/RUCTIONS4 
,! NEW V]DICT R5D]$ WAS 0GUILTY ( MURD] 9 ! SECOND DEGREE0 
,BRITT ,SMI?1 ,B]T ,BL&1 ,COMMODORE ,BL&1 ,RAY ,BECK]1 ,JAMES ,MC,9]NEY1 
,EUG5E ,B>NETT & ,JOHN ,LAMB 2 ,MIKE ,%EEHAN & ,ELM] ,SMI? W]E 
ACQUITT$2 ,LOR5 ,ROB]TS WAS ADJUDG$ 9SANE4 
   

,S9CE ! 
IMPRISONM5T ( ! ,C5TRALIA DEF5DANTS 9CREAS+ EF=TS HAVE BE5 
MADE TO SECURE !IR RELEASE4 ,NUM]\S BOOKS & LEAFLETS HAVE BE5 
CIRCULAT$4 ,PROTE/ MEET+S HAVE BE5 HELD REGUL>LY & 9FLU5TIAL 
ORGANIZATIONS & PUBLICI/S HAVE BE5 9T]E/$ & 9DUC$ TO MAKE 
AN EF=T TO SECURE BELAT$ JU/ICE4 ,/ATEM5TS EXON]AT+ ! 
DEF5DANTS HAVE BE5 OBTA9$ FROM TRIAL JURYM54 ,IT HAS BE5 A H>D 
& BITT]LY CONTE/$ /RUGGLE FROM ! BEG9N+4 
   

,LEGAL 
DEF5SE1 PUBLICITY1 PRISON RELIEF & RELIEF FUNDS = ! FAMILIES ( 
IMPRISON$ M5 HAVE BE5 SUPPLI$ :]EV] NE$$ BY ! ,G5]AL 
,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE FROM ! BEG9N+4 
   

  ,B,U,I,L,D ,=4 ,P,[,] 
  ,BY ,C4 ,E4 ,P,A,Y,N,E 
  ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,$ITOR1 ,ORGANIZ] & ,ONE ( ! ,F\ND]S 
   

0,NOT OR?ODOX1 BUT WELL PLANN$40 
   

,9 
! FEWE/ WORDS POSSIBLE ?AT MAY BE TAK5 AS AN EXPLANATION ( ! 
ME?ODS ( ! /RIKES ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 ! ,PACIFIC 
,NOR?WE/ 9 ! PA/ QU>T] C5TURY4 ,! /RIKES W]E NOT OR?ODOX 9 
?AT !Y DID NOT FOLL[ ANY SET RULE1 NEI!R W]E !Y CALL$ BY ANY 
(FICIALS4 
   

,!Y W]E PLANN$1 & V]Y C>EFULLY1 9 ?AT !Y 
W]E CONSID]$ FROM EV]Y ANGLE BY ! M5 :O DID ! /RIK+1 & 
:5 CALL$ (F ! DECISION AS TO TIME & T]MS ( 5D+ WAS MADE BY 
! /RIK]S ON !IR [N 9ITIATIVE4 
   

,!RE W]E FEW QUE/IONS 
( :AT C\RSE ANY (FICIALS W\LD TAKE4 ,(FICIALS FOLL[$ 
9/RUCTIONS AS A MATT] ( C\RSE4 ,9/EAD1 !RE W]E REPORTS ?AT 
0,WE TI<T5$ UP \R PICKET L9E10 OR 0,! CAMP IS \T SOLID10 OR 0,NOT 
A SCAB GETT+ ?R\<40 ,! SLOGAN--HAD !SE UNOR?ODOX /RIK]S 
/OOP$ TO SLOGANS--MI<T HAVE BE51 0,WE RUN ?IS /RIKE40 
   

,!RE 
W]E TWO ELEM5TS 9 ! MAK+ ( !SE /RUGGLES1 \TSIDE ?AT ( ! 
UNBE>ABLE 9DU/RIAL CONDITIONS :I* W]E ! PRIME CAUSE4 ,! FIR/ 
WAS A SPIRIT ( 9DEP5D5CE ON ! P>T ( ! /RIK]S4 ,ON ?IS 
F]TILE SOIL ! DELEGATES ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD S[$ 
! SE$ ( 9DU/RIAL SOLID>ITY4 ,BE=E !Y CAME1 PROTE/S HAD BE5 
AN 9DIVIDUAL MATT]4 ,:5 A MAN DID NOT LIKE CONDITIONS HE HAD QUIT 
ONE JOB & S\<T ANO!R4 ,BUT ! DELEGATES PROCLAIM$ ?AT 0,9 ,UNION 
!RE IS /R5G?40 
   

! NEW IDEA TOOK ROOT & FL\RI%$4 ,9 
! SPR+ ( #aig A /RIKE ( SAW MILL WORK]S 9 ,PORTL&1 ,OREGON1 
BR\<T ! ORGANIZATION VIVIDLY TO ! ATT5TION ( ! ,NOR?WE/ 
WORK]S4 ,! /RIKE WAS A SUCCESS 9 ONE RESPECT1 ! MILLS W]E TI$ 
UP SOLIDLY4 
   

,9 ANO!R RESPECT IT WAS NOT SO SUCCESSFUL4 ,! 
WORK]S DID NOT YET HAVE ! IDEA !Y MU/ /ICK ON ! PICKET L9ES 
& SEE ?AT NONE BUT !Y %\LD GO BACK TO WORK4 ,SO MANY LEFT ?AT 
NOT 5\< REMA9$ TO DO PICKET DUTY1 & ! FEW :O /AY$ CALL$ 
4! /RIKE (F1 ALL[+ ! MILLS TO BE FILL$ ) UNORGANIZ$ M54 
,! WORK]S /RUCK AS ONE1 BUT CONSID]$ ?IS !IR FULL DUTY4 ,!Y 
DID NOT YET UND]/& ?AT WORK]S MU/ CLAIM A PROPRIET>Y RI<T 9 
! JOBS1 EV5 9 ! 9DU/RY ITSELF4 
   

,9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#h1 LUMB] 
COMPANIES 9 ,WE/]N ,MONTANA CUT WAGES 9 ! SAW MILLS4 ,!Y W]E 
WORK+ ON ! N9E H\R DAY & !RE WAS NO DISPUTE ON ?AT PO9T4 
,! /RIKE />T$ ,JULY #a AT ,BONN] & ! MILLS W]E CLOS$ UNTIL 
NEXT SPR+4 ,! /RIKE WAS LO/ & ! R$UC$ SCALE HELD UNTIL #a#i#a#f1 
:5 LUMB] PIL]S ASK$ #be C5TS A DAY 9CREASE4 ,A %ORT /RIKE 
RESULT$ :I* GA9$ AN 9CREASE ( #ai C5TS A DAY4 ,9 #aiac !RE HAD 
BE5 A /RIKE TO HOLD ! N9E H\R DAY1 :I* WAS WON4 
   

,A 
NUMB] ( FREE SPEE* FI<TS 9 ! ,NOR?WE/ 9 #a#i#i1 #aia & #aiaa 
HAD FOCUS$ ATT5TION ON ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,BY ! SPR+ ( #aiab 
! DELEGATES1 SPEAK]S & WRIT]S HAD 5VISION$ TO ! WORK]S ! 
POSSIBILITY ( ACTION 9 !IR [N 9T]E/4 ,! C>TOONS ( ,]NE/ 
,RIEBE1 0,MR4 ,BLOCK10 W]E A L>GE FACTOR 9 %[+ ! HOPELESSNESS ( 
MEEKLY ACCEPT+ CONDITIONS IMPOS$ BY ! EMPLOY]S4 
   

,9 
,M>*1 #a#i#a#b1 A /RIKE ( SAW MILL WORK]S 9 ,GRAYS ,H>BOR WAS BITT]LY 
F\<T = AB\T A MON?4 ,M5 & WOM5 =M$ SOLID PICKET L9ES :I* 
! COMPANIES C\LD NOT BREAK4 ,AS A LA/ RESORT TO BREAK ! /RIKE1 
MANY ( ! ACTIVE /RIK]S W]E KIDNAPP$ & DEPORT$ FROM ! 
DI/RICT1 & ! COMPANIES S5T GUN M5 & CITY (FICIALS TO CLOSE 
! ,F9NI% & ,CROATIAN HALLS :]E ! /RIK]S HAD HEADQU>T]S4 
,?OSE HALLS W]E NAIL$ UP ) TWO 9* PLANKS & HEAVY SPIKES1 & 
! [N+ CLUBS W]E NOT ALL[$ TO REOP5 !M UNTIL SEV]AL WEEKS 
LAT] UND] ?REAT ( HAV+ !M BURN$4 
   

,ON ,M>* #b#h1 #a#i#a#b1 A 
/RIKE BEGAN ON ! ,CANADIAN ,NOR!RN CON/RUCTION WORK4 ,ALL ACTIVITY 
9 ?IS /RIKE WAS C>RI$ ON BY ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 & L>GE 
NUMB]S ( M5 JO9$ :ILE IT WAS GO+ ON4 ,CONSID]ABLE GA9S W]E 
MADE 9 WAGES & CONDITIONS1 BUT ! GREATE/ GA9 WAS 9 ! S5SE ( 
P[] ?AT >OSE4 ,FIVE YE>S LAT] ?AT FEEL+ ( P[] SWEPT #d1 
LUMB] WORK]S 9TO ! MO/ SPECTACUL> /RIKE ! ,NOR?WE/ HAS EV] 
SE54 
   

,9 A /RIKE ( %+LEWEAV]S 9 #a#i#a#f1 MEMB]S ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HAD GIV5 MU* HELP TO ! ,%+LEWEAV]S ,UNION4 ,! 
LUMB] COMPANIES 9 ,EV]ETT TRI$ TO DRIVE EV]Y UNION MAN1 & 
ESPECIALLY ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 FROM ! T[N4 ,9 MAK+ ?AT EF=T 
!Y CAUS$ ! MASSACRE ( ,NOVEMB] #e ON ! ,EV]ETT DOCK1 !N 
*>G$ #gd WORK]S ) MURD] TO COV] !IR [N GUILT4 ,?\S&S ( 
,NOR?WE/ WORK]S JO9$ ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ?IS 
TRAVE/Y4 ,TOM ,TRACY WAS ! ONLY ONE ( ! M5 EV] BR\<T 9TO 
C\RT4 ,HE WAS ACQUITT$ ,MAY #e1 #a#i#a#g1 AFT] A TRIAL LA/+ TWO MON?S4 
   

,EXCELL5T 
G5]AL%IP WAS US$ 9 ! /RIKES ( #a#i#a#g4 ,NO ACTION WAS ATTEMPT$ 9 
! W9T]4 ,:5 WAT] BEGAN TO RUN HI< 9 ! SPR+1 ! RIV] 
DRIV]S 9 ! 0%ORT LOG0 DI/RICT ( ,WE/]N ,MONTANA1 ,IDAHO & 
,NOR!A/ ,WA%+TON DEM&$ HI<] WAGES1 & 9 MANY CASES GA9$ 
!M4 ,:]E !Y DID NOT GA91 ! COMPANIES LO/ HEAVILY 9 LOGS LEFT 
ON ! %ORES ( ! /REAMS TO BE DAMAG$ BY WORMS & ROT DUR+ ! 
SUMM]4 ,9 SEV]AL WOODS CAMPS 9 ?IS DI/RICT /RIKES />T$ 9 ,JUNE 
AGA9/ ! ROTT5 CONDITIONS & GA9$ SOME HEADWAY4 ,BUT NO ATTEMPT 
WAS MADE UNTIL ,JULY TO DRAW ! LOGG]S ( ,WE/]N ,WA%+TON & 
,OREGON 9TO ! /RIKE4 
   

,CAMPS & MILLS 9 ! ,NOR?WE/ CLOSE 
ONE TO ?REE WEEKS 9 LATE ,JUNE & E>LY ,JULY4 ,:5 ! LAY-(F COMES1 
M5 FROM EV]Y CAMP >E 9 ,SPOKANE1 ,SEATTLE1 ,TACOMA1 ,PORTL& & 
,VANC\V]4 ,!RE M5 HE> ( CONDITIONS 9 ALL CAMPS & MILLS WE/ ( 
! ,ROCKY ,M\NTA9S4 ,DISCUSSION AB\T 0SOLID>ITY = BETT] 
CONDITIONS0 HAD BE5 C>RI$ ON = YE>S4 ,SPEAK]S & ORGANIZ]S N[ 
HELD MANY MEET+S 9 ! CITIES & T[NS DUR+ ! LAY-(F1 
EXPLA9+ PR9CIPLES & TACTICS TO WILL+ LI/5]S4 
   

,:5 
! CAMPS REOP5$1 DELEGATES & ORGANIZ]S W5T 9TO ! WOODS1 
PICK+ UP ! FEW LOOSE 5DS ( ORGANIZATION WORK & MAK+ READY = 
! NEXT ATTACK4 ,EV]Y CAMP OP]AT$ ) A FULL CREW4 ,BUT 9 ?REE 
WEEKS AFT] !Y />T$1 HUNDR$S ( CAMPS W]E SIL5T4 ,?\S&S ( 
M5 CAME \T & PICKET$ /RATEGIC PO9TS4 ,COMMITTEES W]E ELECT$ TO 
HAVE IMM$IATE *>GE ( ACTIVITIES4 ,!RE W]E C5TRAL /RIKE 
COMMITTEES 9 ALL LUMB] C5T]S1 & !N ONE G5]AL /RIKE COMMITTEE 
= ! LUMB] 9DU/RY ( ! ,NOR?WE/4 
   

,! DEM&S W]E G5]ALLY = ! EI<T H\R DAY1 #e C5TS A DAY 9CREASE 9 WAGES & BETT] CAMP CONDITIONS4 
   

,! 
SAW MILL WORK]S W]E NOT ON /RIKE ) ! WOODS WORK]S & NO 
EF=T WAS MADE TO /OP ! MILLS4 ,!Y SOON RAN \T ( LOGS & HAD TO 
CLOSE4 ,SOME COMPANIES TRI$ TO HAVE !IR MILL CREWS CUT LOGS1 BUT ! 
EF=T WAS A FAILURE44 ,SOME ( ! BOSSES 9 ! ,LUMB]M5'S 
,ASSOCIATION WANT$ TO SETTLE & !Y HELD MANY ACRIMONI\S SESSIONS4 
,:5 ONE ( !IR MEET+S ADJ\RN$ ONE GREAT LUMB] B>ON CAME \T 
) A BLACK$ EYE4 ,BUT !Y HAD PO/$ BONDS ?AT NO COMPANY MI<T 
GRANT ! DEM&S ( ! /RIK]S UNTIL ! ,ASSOCIATION %\LD P]MIT1 
SO ! /RIKE W5T ON4 ,! WORK]S W]E FI<T+ ! ,LUMB]M5'S 
,ASSOCIATION1 NOT A NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS4 
   

,:5 ! /RIKE HAD 
BE5 ON AB\T TWO MON?S1 ! QUE/ION ( FUR!R F9ANC+ CAME UP4 
,V]Y LITTLE MONEY HAD BE5 RECEIV$ FROM \TSIDE S\RCES4 ,! /RIK]S 
DECID$ TO 0TRANSF] ! /RIKE TO ! JOB40 ,?AT IS1 GO BACK TO WORK 
& FAKE ! EI<T H\R DAY1 :I* WAS ! PR9CIPAL ISSUE4 ,WAGE 
9CREASES ( MORE ?AN ! 7DEM&S HAD BE5 (F]$1 & ! COMPANIES 
/OOD READY TO MAKE SOME CAMP IMPROVEM5TS1 SO ! WORK+ TIME WAS 
PRACTICALLY ! ONLY ONE TO GA91 & ALL !RE WAS ( ?AT WAS TO TAKE 
IT4 
   

,:5 ! /RIK]S CONSID]$ ! TIME OPPORTUNE1 !Y 
9/RUCT$ !IR COMMITTEES TO CALL ! /RIKE (F4 ,WOODS WORK]S 
=M$ !MSELVES 9TO CREWS & APPLI$ = JOBS4 ,!Y SEEM$ 
SATISFI$ ) !IR HOLIDAY & READY TO WORK4 ,?+S APPE>$ RI<T1 
UNTIL EI<T H\RS HAD BE5 WORK$4 ,9 SOME 9/ANCES M5 WORK$ ONE DAY 
ON ! T5 H\R S*$ULE1 BUT MO/LY ! EI<T H\R DAY WAS TAK5 AT 
FIR/4 
   

,!N CAME ! TE/ ( P[]4 ,SOME CREWS W]E DIS*>G$ 
:5 !Y FIR/ /OPP$ WORK AT ! 5D ( EI<T H\RS4 ,BUT ! 
COMPANIES W]E AT HEAVY EXP5SE 9 PREP>+ = OP]ATION1 HAD ! 
OV]HEAD CO/S = =EM5 & O!R ITEMS1 & HAD /OCK$ UP ) 
FRE% MEATS1 FRUITS & VEGETABLES4 ,MANY ?\S&S ( DOLL>S W\LD BE 
LO/ BY DIS*>G+ ! M51 SO SOME COMPANIES GAVE 9 AT FIR/4 ,O!RS 
DIS*>G$ ONE OR MORE CREWS BE=E !Y REALIZ$ ALL W\LD ACT ! 
SAME1 BUT !Y F9ALLY ACCEPT$ ! EI<T H\R DAY AS AN E/ABLI%$ 
FACT ! IMPROVEM5TS 9 CAMP CONDITIONS CO/ NOT LESS ?AN @s#b#e = 
EA* ( ! #d1 WORK]S AFFECT$1 AN \TLAY ( A MILLION DOLL>S4 
,TWO H\RS TIME (F ! WORK 7DAY R$UC$ ! VALUE ( ! \TPUT BY AT 
LEA/ A DOLL> P] MAN & ! WAGE 9CREASE ADD$ ANO!R DOLL> TO 
! EXP5SE ACC\NT1 MAK+ WELL OV] @s#h1 A DAY EXTRA CO/ TO ! 
COMPANIES4 ,NO WOND] ! LUMB] B>ONS RAG$ LIKE WILD BEA/S 9 
,C5TRALIA ON ,NOVEMB] #a#a1 #a#i#a#i4 
   

,!RE W]E MANY SMALL] 
/RIKES 9 ! CON/RUCTION & LUMB] CAMPS ( ! ,NOR?WE/ FROM #aiag 
UNTIL ! SPR+ ( #a#i#b#c4 ,EA* HAD ITS 9DIVIDUAL CAUSE1 BUT ALL W]E 
TO RESI/ 5CROA*M5TS BY ! BOSSES ON :AT HAD BE5 WON 9 WAGES & 
CONDITIONS1 OR TO 5=CE DEM&S ?AT HAD BE5 MADE BY ! M5 BUT NOT 
GRANT$ BY ! COMPANIES AT FIR/4 ,! /RIKE 9 ! SPR+ ( #aibc WAS 
NOT SO MU* 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! /RIK]S !MSELVES1 AS IT WAS A 
%[ ( SOLID>ITY = ! ,CLASS ,W> ,PRISON]S4 
   

,9 EA* 
DI/RICT1 SOMETIMES 9 EA* CAMP1 !RE W]E LOCAL DEM&S = 
IMPROVEM5T ( C]TA9 CONDITIONS1 BUT ALL W]E HEAD$ ) ! ONE 
DEM&1 0,RELEASE ! ,CLASS ,W> ,PRISON]S40 ,:5 ACTION BEGAN TO BE 
DISCUSS$ 9 ! FALL ( #a#i#b#b1 ! COMPANIES TRI$ TO TURN ! MOVEM5T 
ASIDE4 ,!Y LOOK$ >\ND TO SEE :AT IMPROVEM5TS C\LD BE MADE4 ,! 
BOSSES DID LESS DRIV+4 ,AS /RIKE TALK GA9$ 9 VOLUME SOME COMPANIES 
RAIS$ WAGES #e C5TS A DAY4 ,BUT 9 SPITE ( !SE SOPS ! M5 /RUCK 
& %[$ SU* SOLID>ITY ! ,CLASS ,W> ,PRISON]S GA9$ YE>S 9 
COMMUTATION ( !IR S5T5CES4 ,:5 ! /RIK]S W5T BASK TO WORK 
!RE WAS NO EF=T BY ! COMPANIES TO VICTIMIZE !M4 ,!IR 
ORGANIZATION WAS TOO /RONG4 
   

,A SPORADIC ATTEMPT AT A /RIKE 9 
! WOODS WAS MADE 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#b#c1 :I* HAS BE5 A S\RCE ( MU* 
MISUND]/&+4 ,!RE HAD BE5 SOME TALK AFT] ! ,MAY /RIKE ( 
ANO!R EF=T 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 ,9 ,AUGU/ A REPRES5TATIVE COMMITTEE 
ELECT$ FROM ! V>I\S LUMB]+ DI/RICTS ( ! ,NOR?WE/ MET 9 
,PORTL& TO CANVASS ! SITUATION4 ,ONE COMMITTEEMAN WAS 9/RUCT$ TO 
VOTE = A /RIKE 9 ,SEPTEMB]4 ,ALL O!RS W]E 9/RUCT$ TO ! 
G5]AL EFFECT ?AT ! MEMB]S :O ELECT$ !M DID NOT CONSID] A 
/RIKE 9 !IR DI/RICTS ADVISABLE AT ?AT TIME1 BUT !Y W\LD 
SUPPORT ANY ACTION ! MAJORITY DECID$ ON4 
   

,AFT] ! 
SITUATION HAD BE5 ?OR\<LY CANVAS$1 ! COMMITTEE DECID$1 ) 
ONLY ONE DISS5T+ VOTE1 NOT TO ISSUE A /RIKE CALL4 ,! DECISION WAS 
PUBLI%$ EV]Y:]E11 & M5 CONT9U$ WORK ) A DET]M9ATION ?AT 
:5 !Y %\LD /RIKE AGA91 IT W\LD BE ) MORE P[] ?AN EV]4 
,!N A FEW1 :O WANT$ A /RIKE AT ALL CO/S1 MET 9 ONE ,BRAN*1 ISSU$ 
A 0/RIKE CALL0 & PUBLI%$ IT BROADCA/ 9 ! NAME ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,?IS CAUS$ MU* CONFUSION = A TIME1 BUT WORK]S 
N[ G5]ALLY HAVE A CLE> UND]/&+ ( ! EV5T4 
   

,! 
/RIKES ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 >E ! SPECTACUL> EV5TS ?AT HAVE 
M>K$ ! PROGRESS ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,!Y >E ! MILE PO/S ?AT 
MEASURE ! DI/ANCE WE HAVE COME1 BUT !Y >E NOT ! ROAD ITSELF4 
,?AT ROAD IS PAV$ ) ! SL[1 PA9/AK+ WORK ( MANY DELEGATES 
& $UCATORS1 PROV+ TO ! WORK]S ?AT EMANCIPATION FROM WAGE 
SLAV]Y IS POSSIBLE1 & ?AT IT WILL COME FROM ! CONSCI\S ACT ( 
! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,! ROAD ( ORGANIZATION LEADS TO ! FULL 
SOCIAL VALUE ( ALL PRODUCTION TO GO TO ! PRODUC]S4 
   

  ,! ,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L ,U,N,I,O,N ,9 ,A,G,R,I,C,U,L,T,U,R,E 
  ,BY ,T,O,M ,C,O,N,N,O,R,S 
  ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,SPEAK]1 ,ORGANIZ] & ,DEF5SE ,WORK] 
   

,LOOK+ 
D[N FROM A SKYSCRAP] ONE CAN SC>CELY DISC]N ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! 
/REETS ( ! CITY BEL[4 ,ONLY CURR5TS OR MASSES ( M5 WEAVE 9 & 
\T AMONG ! BUILD+S1 & SO IT IS ?AT ! HI/ORY ( A LABOR 
MOVEM5T APPE>S TO ! /UD5T :O CASUALLY GLANCES BACKW>D4 ,A 
CONT9UAL 9T]WEAV+ ( P]SONS1 EV5TS & TR5DS COMES BE=E ! 
M9D'S EYE1 ) AN OCCASIONAL 9LAY SET =? PROM95TLY BECAUSE ( 
! REAL OR IMAG9>Y SIGNIFICANCE ATTA*$ TO ! SUBJECT4 ,ONE SU* 
GEM 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD IS ! 
=MATION ( ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,WORK]S ,ORGANIZATION ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 #a#i#a#e4 
   

,! SIGNAL IMPORTANCE ATTA*$ TO 
! =MATION ( ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,WORK]S ,ORGANIZATION IS DUE TO ! 
FACT ?AT >\ND ITS DEVELOPM5T H+ES ! 9/ITUTION ( ! PRES5T 
/RUCTURE ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 A S]IES ( CO-ORD9AT+ 
9DU/RIAL UNIONS4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ ELEV5 YE>S ( ITS EXI/5CE ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 >D5TLY ADVOCAT$ ! 9DU/RIAL =M ( UNION 
/RUCTURE1 BUT ONLY AT ! 5D ( SU* P]IOD ( TIME WAS ABLE ACTUALLY 
TO 9/ALL SU* SY/EM 9 ITS [N ORGANIZATION4 ,! /ORY ( ! 
DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O4 ,NO4 #d ALSO PRES5TS A GRAPHIC 
PICTURE ( ! P>T PLAY$ BY ! MIGRATORY WORK] 9 ! UPBUILD+ ( 
9DU/RIAL UNIONISM 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,A BRIEF SURVEY ( CONDITIONS 
AS !Y EXI/$ 9 ! H>VE/ >EA ( ?IS C\NTRY AT ?AT TIME WILL 
ASSI/ AN UND]/&+ ( :Y SU* DEVELOPM5T TOOK ! P>TICUL> 
TR5D IT DID TAKE4 
   

,! :EAT BELT 9 ! MIDDLE WE/ SECTION 
( ?IS C\NTRY1 ?R\< :I* ! HORDE ( MIGRATORY WORK]S SW>M$ 
EA* YE> AT H>VE/ TIME1 CONSI/$ ( A T]RITORY EXT5D+ FROM ! 
,PAN ,H&LE ( ,TEXAS ?R\< ,OKLAHOMA1 ,KANSAS1 
   

,NEBRASKA1 ,S\? 
& ,NOR? ,DAKOTAS1 ,MONTANA & ,WA%+TON4 ,! LATT] F\R ( ! 
/ATES M5TION$ DEP5D$ GREATLY ON ! 3MIGRATORY WORK] = MAN 
P[] TO H>VE/ ! SMALL GRA9 CROPS2 ?IS TO A MU* GREAT] EXT5T 
?AN AT ! PRES5T TIME4 ,AN IDEA ( ! *ANGE OCCURR+ 9 ?IS 
RESPECT MAY BE GLEAN$ FROM ! FACT ?AT 9 #aiab ! ,/ATE ( ,KANSAS 
REQUIR$ #he P] C5T4 ( ! NECESS>Y LABOR = ! H>VE/ P]IOD TO 
5T] ! ,/ATE FROM \TSIDE ITS BORD]2 TODAY1 ! SAME ,/ATE DEP5DS 
ON O!R ,/ATES TO FURNI% A M]E #a P] C5T4 ( ! NE$$ H>VE/ 
LABOR4 
   

,! L>GE NUMB] ( WORK]S :I* W]E NE$$ FROM 
BEYOND ! RESPECTIVE /ATE L9ES CAUS$ ! F>M+ COMMUNITIES 9 
EA* GRA9 GR[+ /ATE TO DEVELOP HI<-P[]$ PUBLICITY ME?ODS TO 
ATTRACT ! DESIR$ WORK]S4 ,SEV]AL TIMES ! NUMB] NE$$ W]E 
ADV]TIS$ =1 USUALLY ) ! DESIR$ RESULT ( FLOOD+ ! V>I\S 
DI/RICTS ) JOB-SEEK+ MIGRATORY WORK]S1 FROM TWO TO FIVE M5 
(T5 BE+ ON ! SPOT = EA* JOB4 ,ONCE AN OV]SUPPLY ( M5 WAS 
CREAT$1 EV]Y AVAILABLE MEANS ( CO]CION WAS US$ TO =CE ! 
WORK]S TO ACCEPT A M]E PITTANCE AS WAGES1 :ILE ! BUS9ESS ELEM5TS 
9 ! T[NS SP>$ NO EF=T TO DEVISE WAYS & MEANS TO RETA9 EA* 
P5NY PAID AS H>VE/ WAGES )9 ! CONF9ES ( !IR RESPECTIVE 
COMMUNITIES4 ,TO A*IEVE SUCCESS 9 ?IS RESPECT WAS NOT A DIFFICULT 
UND]TAK+4 
   

,! V]Y F9E/ TYPES AMONG ! SOME:AT 
HET]OG5E\S ,AM]ICAN WORK+ CLASS W]E TO BE F\ND AMID ! HORDE 
:I* RODE ! RAILROAD TRA9S 9TO ! JOB-PROMIS+ L& ( GOLD5 
:EAT4 ,ON TOP ( BOXC>S1 OCCASIONALLY ON ! RODS BUT USUALLY 9SIDE 
( ! BOXC>S1 C\LD BE F\ND HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( M5 FROM EV]Y 
WALK 9 LIFE4 ,EA/1 ,WE/1 ,NOR? & ,S\?1 IT MATT]$ NOT AS TO 
DIRECTION1 ! MO/ PICTURESQUE1 & PA!TIC1 ONE MI<T SAY1 
AGGREGATION ( HUNGRY & HELPLESS WORK]S EV] ASSEMBL$ 9 ONE 
9DU/RY MIGRAT$ AB\T1 SEEK+ = AN OPPORTUNITY TO EX*ANGE !IR 
LABOR P[] = SOME SLI<T MEASURE ( ! :]E)AL ( LIFE4 ,?IS 
WAS ! IDEAL LABOR SITUATION--IDEAL = ! EMPLOY+ 
F>M]S--PREVAIL+ 9 ! H>VE/ FIELDS ( !SE ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PRIOR 
TO ! =MATION ( ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O4 ,NO4 #d ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
   

,ADD+ TO ! T]RIBLE SITUATION DESCRIB$ 
ABOVE A SPR9KL+ ( HI<-JACKS1 T9-HORN GAMBL]S1 BOOTLEGG]S & 
PRO/ITUTES1 GIVES ONE A FAIRLY ACCURATE IDEA ( :AT ! UNORGANIZ$ 
AGRICULTURAL WORK] FAC$ AS HE 5T]$ ! :EAT GR[+ >EA TO SEEK 
A LIV+4 ,! F>M+ COMMUNITIES WELL KNEW H[ TO USE !SE 
DEG5]ATES TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! LOCAL EMPLOY]S4 ,IT IS NOTORI\S 
?AT (T5TIMES ! VILLAGE OR T[N M>%AL S]V$ AS ! VILLAGE 
BOOTLEGG] MU* ( ! H>VE/ C\NTRY BE+ 9 ! LOCAL OPTION BELT 
& 0DRY0 AT ! TIME4 ,IT ALSO WAS A V]Y ORD9>Y & USUAL OCCURR5CE 
= ! M>%AL1 AS WELL AS O!R T[N OR VILLAGE (FICIALS1 TO WORK 9 
CAHOOTS ) ! HI<-JACKS1 T9-HORN GAMBL]S & BOOTLEGG]S4 
   

,! 
G5]AL PREMISE UND]LY+ !SE ALIGNM5TS ) ! SOCIAL DEG5]ATES 
WAS ?AT A SLAVE )\T MONEY1 BROKE & HUNGRY1 WAS ALWAYS A S]VILE 
SLAVE4 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS ! 9DIVIDUALI/ ?\<T ONLY TO SECURE A 
JOB :I* MEANT ?AT HE W\LD EAT = A FEW DAYS2 NEV]1 UND] SU* 
CIRCUM/ANCES W\LD HE SCRUPLE AB\T WAGE RATES4 ,DUR+ ! YE>S #aiac 
& #a#i#a#d1 H[EV]1 SOME SUB/ANTIAL B5EFITS ACCRU$ TO C]TA9 GR\PS 
( H>VE/ WORK]S BECAUSE ( ORGANIZATION4 ,SCATT]$ MEMB]S ( 
V>I\S LOCAL UNIONS ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 =M$ TEMPOR>Y 
ALLIANCES ON JOBS & 9 H>VE/ DI/RICTS TO CURTAIL H\RS1 & 
IMPROVE WAGES & JOB CONDITIONS4 
   

,PRIOR TO #aiae MANY ADMIRABLE 
VICTORIES W]E WON AS ! RESULT ( ! ACTIVITIES ( 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 MEMB]S 9 ! H>VE/ FIELDS1 BUT1 USUALLY [+ TO 
! LACK ( A COHESIVE & LA/+ ORGANIZATION1 !SE GA9S W]E ( A 
TEMPOR>Y NATURE4 ,A FEW ISOLAT$ 9/ANCES >E ( RECORD :]E A WAGE 
( ?REE DOLL>S = A T5 H\R WORK+ DAY WAS PAID1 AL?\< ! 
G5]AL TOP WAGE TO ?AT TIME HAD BE5 TWO DOLL>S & FIFTY C5TS1 & 
! WORK+ DAY P]IOD FROM A SUN-UP TO SUN-D[N DAY TO A SUN-UP TO A 
F>-9TO-!-NI<T 0DAY04 ,! NE$ = A MORE UNIFI$ ORGANIZATION 9 
! H>VE/ FIELDS WAS CLE>LY RECOGNIZ$ 9 #a#i#a#d4 
   

,ACT+ ON A 
RECOMM5DATION FROM ,FRANK ,LITTLE1 ,G5]AL ,EXECUTIVE ,BO>D MEMB]1 ! 
,N9? ,ANNUAL ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 :I* CONV5$ 9 
,*ICAGO1 ,SEPTEMB] #b#a1 #a#i#a#d1 5DORS$ A RESOLUTION :I* 9/RUCT$ ! 
G5]AL ADM9I/RATION TO CALL A CONF]5CE E>LY 9 #aiae ( 
REPRES5TATIVES FROM ALL ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 LOCALS :OSE MEMB]S 
ACTIVELY P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! SMALL GRA9 H>VE/4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) 
!SE 9/RUCTIONS A CONF]5CE WAS CALL$ = ,APRIL #a#e1 #a#i#a#e1 TO BE 
HELD 9 ,KANSAS ,CITY1 ,MO4 
   

,! CONF]5CE WAS CALL$ TO ORD] BY 
A ,G5]AL ,EXECUTIVE ,BO>D MEMB] ON ! DATE SET4 ,A TOTAL ( N9E 
DELEGATES W]E SEAT$ FROM ! FOLL[+ LOCAL UNIONS ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W43 ,LOCAL #e#g1 ,DES ,MO9ES1 ,IA42 ,LOCAL #f#f1 ,FRESNO1 
,CALIPH42 ,LOCAL #i#b1 ,PORTL&1 ,ORE42 ,LOCAL #f#a1 ,KANSAS ,CITY1 ,MO42 ,LOCAL #f#i1 
,SALT ,LAKE ,CITY1 ,UTAH2 ,LOCAL #a#g#c1 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 ,CALIPH42 ,LOCAL #f#d1 
,M9NEAPOLIS1 ,M9N42 & ,LOCAL #b#f1 ,D5V]1 ,COLO4 ,! ACTUAL 
ACCOMPLI%M5T ( ?IS CONF]5CE WAS ! =MATION ( ! ,AGRICULTURAL 
,WORK]S ,ORGANIZATION4 
   

,A RESOLUTION ADOPT$ BY ! CONF]5CE 
DET]M9$ ! =MATION ( A P]MAN5T UNION AS WELL AS DECID+ ON 
! NAME = SU* UNION4 ,ANO!R ACTION ( ! BODY WAS TO SET A TWO 
DOLL> 9ITIATION FEE & ASK ALL LOCAL UNIONS ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 LOCAT$ 9 ! H>VE/ >EA TO BR+ !IR 
9ITIATION FEE TO SU* LEVEL4 ,A G5]AL SECRET>Y-TREASUR] WAS ELECT$ 
= ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O41 & HIS WAGES W]E SET AT @s#a#h P] WEEK4 ,A 
G5]AL ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE ( FIVE MEMB]S WAS PROVID$ =1 AS WAS 
AN UNDET]M9$ NUMB] ( FIELD DELEGATES1 ! LATT] TO WORK )\T 
PAY4 
   

,A *>T] WAS ISSU$ BY ! G5]AL ADM9I/RATION ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 TO ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,WORK]S ,ORGANIZATION ,NO4 #d ON 
,APRIL #b#a1 #a#i#a#e4 ,?IS *>T] GAVE ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O4 ,NO4 #d ! 
/ATUS ( A NATIONAL 9DU/RIAL UNION4 ,AT ! TIME ( ISSU+ ?IS 
*>T] FROM ! ORGANIZATION G5]AL (FICE ! MATT] ( DESIGNAT+ 
A NUMB] = IT >OSE4 ,! !N ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y-,TREASUR] ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 COMM5T$ ?AT 9ASMU* AS ?IS LOCAL WAS BE+ 
=M$ BY ! ELITE ( ! WORK+ CLASS A SUITABLE NUMB] WAS #d4 
,DUR+ ! RESPECTIVE P]IOD ! T]M 0#d0 WAS A COMMON EXPRESSION 9 
USE TO DESIGNATE A GR\P ( PLUTOCRATS 9 0HI< SOCIETY0 :O NUMB]$ 
>\ND ?IS FIGURE & :O [N$ ! GREAT] PORTION ( ! WEAL? 9 
?IS VA/ NATION4 
   

,IT ALSO WAS DET]M9$ AT ?IS FIR/ 
CONF]5CE ?AT UNION OP]AT+ PROGRAMS MU/ BE DET]M9$ CLOSE TO 
! JOB1 & PROVISIONS W]E MADE = FIELD MEET+S TO BE HELD = ! 
PURPOSE ( TRANSACT+ SU* UNION BUS9ESS AS WAS P]T95T TO EA* 
RESPECTIVE LOCALITY4 ,>RANGEM5TS W]E MADE TO PROTECT MEMB]S FROM 
HIJACKS :5 MOV+ FROM JOB TO JOB4 ,?IS WAS ONE ( ! \T/&+ 
PROBLEMS ( ! DAY BECAUSE MANY ( ! HI<-JACK GANGS OP]AT$ 9 
CONJUNCTION ) VILLAGE & T[N (FICIALS1 AS WELL AS RAILROAD CREWS1 
& G5]ALLY PRES5T$ A REAL M5ACE4 ,! DE/RUCTIVE EFFECT ( BOOZE 
& GAMBL+ AMONG ! WORK]S WAS CLE>LY RECOGNIZ$ BY ! BODY1 & 
A POLICY :I* PROVID$ = ! SEP>ATION ( !SE DI/URB+ 
9FLU5CES FROM ! ORGANIZATION'S ACTIVITIES WAS ADOPT$4 ,IT IS 
NOTORI\S ?AT NO BOOZE OR GAMBL+ WAS TOL]AT$ AMONG ORGANIZ$ 
H>VE/ WORK]S DUR+ ! SUBSEQU5T P]IOD4 
   

,ON ,JULY #b#e1 
#a#i#a#e1 ?REE MON?S AFT] ! =MATION ( ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O4 ,NO4 
#d1 A SECOND CONF]5CE WAS HELD 9 ,KANSAS ,CITY1 ,MO4 ,?IS MEET+ WAS 
CALL$ = ! PURPOSE ( PLANN+ AN ORGANIZ$ MOVEM5T ( H>VE/ 
WORK]S 9TO ! NOR!RN :EAT >EAS1 ! H>VE/ !N BE+ AB\T 
COMPLET$ 9 ! S\!RN DI/RICTS4 ,REPORTS MADE TO ?IS MEET+ 
%[$ ?AT ORGANIZATION RECEIPTS = ! ?REE MON? P]IOD1 & 
>\ND #i P] C5T4 ( ! TOTAL WAS COLLECT$ DUR+ ! LA/ T5 
DAYS1 W]E @s#h#g#h1 :ILE EXP5SES = ! SAME P]IOD W]E @s#g#h#i4 ,AT ?IS 
TIME ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O4 CONSI/$ ( ONLY ONE BRAN*1 ! 
HEADQU>T]S BRAN* AT ,KANSAS ,CITY4 
   

,AT ?IS CONF]5CE A 
T5TATIVE WAGE SCALE ( @s#c = ! ,S\? ,DAKOTA >EA WAS SET1 & A 
@s#c4#e SCALE = ,NOR? ,DAKOTA1 ! H\RS TO BE A MAXIMUM ( T5 9 BO? 
9/ANCES4 ,MANY CASES REPORT$ TO ! CONF]5CE %[$ ?AT WAGES HAD 
BE5 RAIS$ FROM ! /&>D @s#b4#e TO A WAGE ( @s#c = #a H\RS WORK 
9 ,KANSAS1 :ILE FROM EV]Y SECTION :]E ! UNION WAS ACTIVE CAME 
REPORTS ( A VICI\S & P]SI/5T P]SECUTION ( UNION MEMB]S4 ,MORE 
?AN #a >RE/S ( ACTIVE MEMB]S PRIOR TO ! 5D ( ,JULY W]E 
REPORT$1 ) ALL BUT #ab BE+ RELEAS$ )9 A P]IOD ( A FEW DAYS4 
   

,! 
,JULY MEET+ 9 ,KANSAS ,CITY DECID$ TO MOVE ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O4 
HEADQU>T]S TO ,M9NEAPOLIS1 ,M9N4 ,! FOLL[+ G5]AL MEET+ WAS 
HELD AT ! LATT] NAM$ CITY4 ,AMONG ! IMPORTANT ACTIONS TAK5 AT 
?IS MEET+ :I* WAS HELD ,NOVEMB] #ae & #af WAS TO >RANGE = ! 
OP5+ ( BRAN*ES 9 ,KANSAS ,CITY1 ,SI\X ,CITY1 ,IA41 ,OMAHA1 ,NEB41 & 
,DES ,MO9ES1 ,IA4 ,ON ,DECEMB] #a#b1 #a#i#a#e1 A CONF]5CE ( #ee MEMB]S WAS 
HELD 9 ,SACRAM5TO1 ,CAL41 AT :I* AN ADDITIONAL LOCAL WAS =M$4 ,AT 
! ,M9NEAPOLIS CONF]5CE A PLAN ( EXT5D+ ORGANIZATION ACTIVITIES 
9TO ! LUMB] CAMPS & IRON ORE M9ES ( ! NOR? C5TRAL /ATES 
WAS ADOPT$4 
   

,DUR+ ! W9T] ( #aiae & E>LY 9 #aiaf ! 
,A4 ,W4 4 #d1 GREATLY ASSI/$ TO A*IEVE A SUB/ANTIAL ORGANIZATION 9 
BO? ! ,MESABA ,RANGE METAL M9+ 9DU/RY & ! LUMB] 9DU/RY ( 
,M9NESOTA & ,WISCONS94 ,SO CLOSELY ALIGN$ ) ! ORGANIZATION 
ACTIVITIES 9 9DU/RIES O!R ?AN AGRICULTURE WAS ! 
,A4 ,W4 ,O4 ?AT DUR+ ! E>LY MON?S ( #aiaf TWO NATIONAL 
9DU/RIAL UNION *>T]S W]E ISSU$ BY ! ,G5]AL ,ADM9I/RATION ( 
! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 :]E9 ! HEADQU>T]S ( !SE UNIONS W]E TO 
BE MA9TA9$ JO9TLY ) ?AT ( ! ,A4,W4,O4 ,NO4 #d4 ,ON ,FEBRU>Y #c1 
#aiaf ,NATIONAL ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION *>T] #di WAS ISSU$ TO ! IRON ORE 
M9]S 9 ! ,MESABA ,RANGE DI/RICT4 ,?IS UNION ALSO =M$ BRAN*ES 
?R\<\T ! RESPECTIVE T]RITORY :ILE ITS HEADQU>T]S WAS JO9$ 
) ?AT ( ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O4 ,LIKEWISE1 ON ,M>* #f1 #a#i#a#f1 
,NATIONAL ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION *>T] ,NO4 #egc WAS ISSU$ TO ! G5]AL 
CON/RUCTION WORK]S4 ,?IS UNION WAS CON/ITUT$ & ALIGN$ SIMIL>LY 
TO ,I4 ,U4 ,NO4 #d#i4 
   

,(FICIAL REPORTS MADE TO ! FALL1 #a#i#a#f1 
G5]AL MEET+ ( ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O4 ,NO4 #d %[$ ?AT ! 
,A4 ,W4 ,O4 HAD 9ITIAT$ MORE ?AN #h1 MEMB]S1 & ?AT ! 
F9ANCES ( ! UNION W]E 9 EXCELL5T CONDITION4 ,SUB/ANTIAL PROGRESS 
WAS MADE DUR+ #aiaf 9 ORGANIZ+ WORK]S 9 ! CITIES ( ! MIDDLE 
WE/1 AS WELL AS 9 ! LUMB]1 METAL M9+ & CON/RUCTION 
9DU/RIES ( ! SAME >EA1 ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O4 ACTIVELY 
P>TICIPAT+ 9 !SE ACTIVITIES4 ,! ACTION ( ! #aiaf G5]AL 
CONV5TION ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 REVIS+ ! /RUCTURE ( ! 
G5]AL ORGANIZATION *ANG$ ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O4 ,NO4 #d 9TO ! 
,A4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 ,NO4 #d4 ,?IS /RUCTURAL REVISION BY ! 
,T5? 7#a#i#a#f7 ,G5]AL ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 >RANG$ = 
! /RUCTURE ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 TO CONSI/ ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONS 
& A G5]AL RECRUIT+ UNION4 ,I4 ,U4 #di BECAME P>T ( ,M4 ,M4 ,I4 ,U41 
ONCE ,NO4 #h1 & SEV]$ ITS HEADQU>T]S FROM ?AT ( ! ,A4 ,W4 ,I4 
,U41 :ILE ,I4 ,U4 #egc BECAME ,C4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 ,NO4 #e#g#c1 & = A TIME 
CONT9U$ TO MA9TA9 ITS HEADQU>T]S JO9TLY ) ! ,A4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 ,NO4 
#d4 
   

,9 ,MAY1 #a#i#a#g1 ! ,CON/RUCTION ,WORK]S ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION 
,NO4 #egc HELD A CONV5TION 9 ,OMAHA1 ,NEBRASKA1 & DECID$ TO SEV] ITS 
HEADQU>T]S FROM ?AT ( ! ,A4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 ,?IS 
CONV5TION REPRES5T$ #ab MEMB]S & FIVE BRAN*ES4 
   

,! 
,A4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 HALL 9 ,KANSAS ,CITY1 ,MO41 WAS RAID$ BY ! 
AU?ORITIES TWICE DUR+ ,M>*1 #a#i#a#g1 BUT ON ,MAY #c ( ! SAME YE> 
! SPR+ CONV5TION ( ! 9DU/RIAL UNION WAS HELD 9 ! SAME 
HALL4 ,9 ATT5DANCE AT ?IS CONV5TION WAS A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! 
,NON-,P>TISAN ,LEAGUE ( ,AM]ICA :O REQUE/$ A WAGE SCALE ADJU/M5T 
= ! #aiag H>VE/ BETWE5 ! ,A4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 ,NO4 #d & 
MEMB]S ( ! ,LEAGUE4 ,! ,NON-,P>TISAN ,LEAGUE MEMB]S AT ! TIME 
COMPRIS$ A MAJORITY ( ! GRA9 GR[]S 9 ! ,/ATE ( ,NOR? ,DAKOTA1 
& A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] 9 ,S\? ,DAKOTA1 ,MONTANA & ,M9NESOTA4 ,! 
REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,LEAGUE PROMIS$ TO MAKE AN 5DEAVOR TO SECURE 
FREE TRANSPORTATION ON RAILROAD PASS5G] TRA9S = UNION AGRICULTURE 
WORK]S :5 MOV+ FROM JOB TO JOB4 ,! CONV5TION ELECT$ A COMMITTEE 
( FIVE TO DISCUSS WAGES1 H\RS1 ETC41 ) ! ,LEAGUE ADM9I/RATORS4 
,SOME B5EFIT RESULT$ FROM ! SUBSEQU5T NEGOTIATIONS1 &1 AL?\< 
NO G5]AL DEF9ITE AGREEM5TS W]E MADE1 ! 
,A4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 ,NO4 #d A*IEV$ PH5OM5AL SUCCESS ALONG 
ORGANIZATIONAL L9ES ?R\<\T ! ,LEAGUE T]RITORY4 
   

,DUR+ 
! FIR/ ?REE YE>S ( ITS EXI/5CE ! AGRICULTURAL WORK]S' 
ORGANIZATION HAD EFFECT$ A V]ITABLE REVOLUTION )9 ! H>VE/ 
>EA4 ,! #ab TO #af H\R WORK+ DAY DISAPPE>$1 WAGES D\BL$1 & 
H>VE/ WORK]S W]E BE+ H\S$ EI!R 9 ! F>M]'S HOME OR GIV5 
ADEQUATE BLANKETS & CLEAN SLEEP+ QU>T]S OV] A CONSID]ABLE 
PORTION ( ! :EAT H>VE/ C\NTRY4 ,NO ORGANIZ$ BODY ( AGRICULTURAL 
WORK]S N[ FE>$ ! HI<-JACK1 & A UNION MAN BECAME A SORT ( 
T]ROR TO ! BOOTLEGG] & ! GAMBL]2 NO 9DULG5CE 9 LIQUOR OR 
GAMBL+ WAS TOL]AT$ EI!R >\ND ! HALLS OR \TDOOR MEET+ 
PLACES4 ,LIKEWISE RAILROAD TRA9 CREWS HAD *ANG$ FROM PETTY GRAFT]S1 
TAK+ ! RAZOR OR POCKET1 KNIFE FROM A WORK] :O LACK$ ! DEM&$ 
@s#a P] DIVISION1 TO SOME ( ! MO/ SUB/ANTIAL FRI5DS ( ! 
,A4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 ,! NUMB] ( RAILROAD WORK]S1 ESPECIALLY 
TRA9 CREWS1 L9$ UP 9 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 DUR+ ?IS P]IOD IS 
H>D TO APPROXIMATE1 BUT SURELY RUNS TO A SIZABLE FIGURE4 
   

,! 
MEMB]%IP ( ! AGRICULTURAL WORK]S' ORGANIZATION MORE ?AN D\BL$ 
DUR+ ! YE> #a#i#a#g4 ,?IS 9CREASE CONT9U$ EV5 AFT] ! GREAT 
NATIONAL RAIDS ON ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HALLS1 ,SEPTEMB] #e ( ?AT YE>4 
,9 ! C\RSE ( !SE RAIDS EV]Y SCRAP ( PAP]1 ALL RECORDS1 EV5 
TABLES1 FIL+ CASES & DESKS W]E REMOV$ FROM ! HEADQU>T]S ( 
! ,A4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 ,NO4 #d 9 ,M9NEAPOLIS1 ,M9N4 ,! 
P]SI/5T 0W>-TIME0 P]SECUTION MET$ \T TO 9DU/RIAL UNIONI/S 9 
?IS C\NTRY DUR+ ! FOLL[+ MON?S GREATLY HAMP]$ ! WORK ( 
ORGANIZATION4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS V]Y P]SECUTION MAY HAVE BE5 P>TLY 
RESPONSIBLE = ! SUCCESS A*IEV$ 9 ORGANIZ+ ! AGRICULTURAL 
WORK]S ( ?IS C\NTRY A FEW YE>S LAT]4 
   

,! TALE ( ! 
MORE PICTURESQUE PHASES ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,A4 ,W4 ,O4 
,NO4 #d & ! ,A4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 ,NO4 #d 7N[ ,A4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 ,NO4 
#a#a7 HAS BE5 RELAT$4 ,! DELEGATES & MEMB]S ( ?IS ,9DU/RIAL 
,UNION HAVE AT ALL TIMES %[N ! GREATE/ C\RAGE 9 ! FACE ( ALL 
OB/ACLES :I* EMPLOY]S NATURALLY RAIS$ AGA9/ !M4 ,!IR ACTIVITY 
IS AT ALL TIMES A R++ *ALL5GE TO ! BOSS CLASS ?AT W\LD1 
)\T ,A4 ,W4 ,I4 ,U4 OPPOSITION1 AT ONCE MAKE CONDITIONS 
WORSE ?AN EV] BE=E4 
   

  ,! ,W,A,Y ,( ,! ,W,O,B,B,L,Y 
  ,BY ,F4 ,W4 ,?,O,M,P,S,O,N 
  ,ECONOMICS ,9/RUCTOR1 ,WORK ,PEOPLE'S ,COLLEGE 
   

,! 
/RIKES ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 BE/ %[ :AT IS MEANT BY SOLID>ITY 
& MILITANCY4 ,ACTION IS ! TE/ ( UNIONISM2 & ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 ACTION PROVES ! M]ITS ( A UNIONISM BAS$ 
SQU>ELY ON ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 UNTRAMMEL$ BY ANY AGREEM5TS OR O!R 
0RESPECTABILITIES04 ,FROM CALL TO SETTLEM5T1 ! /RIKES ( #be YE>S ( 
/RUGGLE /& \T AS COLORFUL1 DRAMATIC EXPON5TS ( 9DU/RIAL 
UNIONISM4 
  ,! ,CALL ( ,SOLID>ITY 
   

,MANY 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 /RIKES--,LAWR5CE & ,MC,KEES ,ROCKS = EXAMPLE--W]E 
NOT CALL$ BY ! ORGANIZATION4 ,BUT :]E ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 CALLS 
A /RIKE1 IT />TS ) A FL\RI%4 ,SC>CELY WAS ! NEW ORGANIZATION 
BORN BE=E A /RIKE ( ITS MEMB]S BROKE \T 9 ! GREAT ,G5]AL 
,ELECTRIC WORKS 9 ,S*5ECTADY4 ,?AT IT WAS A NEW ORGANIZATION ) A 
NEW WAY ( /RIK+ WAS 9DICAT$ BY ! FACT ?AT !Y /AY$ 9 ! 
%OP & JU/ QUIT WORK ONE ,DECEMB] MORN+ AT #a O'CLOCK4 
   

,TAK+ 
5TIRE COMM& ( ! /RUCK JOB IS A ,WOBBLY IDEAL2 IT F\ND AN E>LY 
REALIZATION 9 ,SKO:EGAN1 ,ME41 :5 ! EMPLOYES ( ! ,M>/ON ,MILLS1 
9 REVOLT AGA9/ DISCRIM9ATION & UNFILL$ PROMISES ( 9CREASES1 
ALL WALK$ \T1 TAK+ ! BOIL] ROOM CREW ) !M1 BL[+ (F ! 
/EAM & PULL+ ! FIRES BE=E !Y LEFT4 
   

,9 ,GRAY'S 
,H>BOR1 ,WA%41 9 #a#i#a#b1 A /RIKE BROKE \T = HI<] WAGES 9 ! SAW 
MILLS4 ,! ,LYTEL ,MILL WAS SURR\ND$ BY A /OCKADE TWELVE FEET HI< 
SURM\NT$ BY B>B$ WIRE & ! GU>DS AT ! GATE W]E D\BL$4 ,! 
WAGE SLAVES 9SIDE W]E TO BE KEPT IMMUNE4 ,BUT #ae ,I4 ,W4 ,W4'S 
W5T OV] ! TOP1 CUTT+ ! WIRE1 PULL+ ! :I/LE1 M+L+ ) 
! SAW MILL WORK]S AS !Y SWEPT \T ! FRONT GATE PA/ ! 
A/\ND$ GU>DS4 7,WOEHLKE 9 ,\TLOOK1 ,JULY #f1 #a#i#a#b74 
   

,! 
AUTO 9DU/RY HAS ALWAYS BE5 A H>D NUT = UNIONS TO CRACK4 ,!RE 
HAVE BE5 MANY SMALL WALK\TS FROM DEP>TM5TS1 BUT FEW EFFECTIVE 
WALK\TS4 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 MANAG$ ONE4 ,9 ! ,/UDEBAK] PLANTS 
9 ,DETROIT 9 #aiac ! WORK]S WANT$ WEEKLY PAY DAYS4 ,A CON/ANT 
AGITATION BY NOON-DAY SPEAK]S HAD KEPT ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 BE=E 
!M = SOME MON?S4 ,JUNE #af ?OSE EMPLOY$ AT PLANT ,NO4 #c AT ,DELRAY 
WALK$ \T 9 ! MORN+1 HELD A MEET+ 9 AN ADJO9+ LOT1 =M$ 
9 L9E & P>AD$ TO PLANT ,NO4 #a >RIV+ !RE AT NOON & SWELL+ 
!IR RANKS 9 ?IS WAY BY ANO!R #b4 ,! NEXT DAY BY ! SAME 
TACTICS !Y BR\<T \T ! M5 9 O!R PLANTS4 
   

,9 ! LA/ 
L>GE /RIKE ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4--! ,COLORADO COAL M9]S 9 
#a#i#b#g-#h--IT REQUIR$ /ILL O!R TACTICS TO MAKE A CLEAN WALK\T4 ,= ! 
FIR/ TIME 9 HI/ORY ! M9]S 9 ALL ?REE FIELDS 9 ! /ATE W]E 
BR\<T \T TOGE!R BY ! CALL ( SOLID>ITY4 ,! /ATE LAW REQUIR$ 
#c DAYS' NOTICE BE=E ANY /RIKE2 & ! /RIKE CALL = ,OCTOB] #ah 
WAS GIV5 PL5TY ( PUBLICITY4 ,P>TICUL>LY 9 ! S\? !RE W]E 
CLOS$ M9+ CAMPS DIFFICULT TO P5ETRATE1 EV]Y 9* ( !M COMPANY 
PROP]TY4 ,?IS WAS CIRCUMV5T$ BY CALL+ AT EA* H\SE AT SUPP] TIME 
UNOBS]V$1 LEAV+ NOTICE ( A MEET+ ?AT EV5+ JU/ \TSIDE ! 
COMPANY L9E4 ,! WE/]N COAL FIELD1 HI< 9 ! M\NTA9S & 
ISOLAT$ FROM ! MA9 L9ES ( COMMUNICATION WAS BR\<T \T BY A 
C>AVAN ( #a C>S ?AT LEFT ,LAFAYETTE 9 ! NOR?1 DID ITS DUTY1 & 
!N /EAM$ 9TO ! S\?1 RAIS+ ! SPIRIT ( !IR FELL[ WORK]S 
& BR++ \T ! WORK]S 9 ! BIG ,IDEAL ,M9E1 IMMUNIZ$ UP TO 
?AT TIME BY ! BLOOD-?IR/Y GU>DS ( ,ROCKEFELL]4 
   

,WORK+ 
L>GELY ) ! SPREAD-\T JOBS ( ! LUMB]-JACK & ! 
CON/RUCTION WORK] ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HAS (T5 HAD ! PROBLEM ( 
9ACCESSIBILITY BE=E IT 9 A /RIKE CALL4 ,9 ! ,$ISON CON/RUCTION 
/RIKE 9 ,CALI=NIA 9 #a#i#b#b1 MANY ( ! M5 ON TUNNEL WORK W]E 
SN[-B\ND HI< UP 9 ! M\NTA9S4 ,9 SU* CAMPS ! COMPANY CL]KS 
DO NOT HESITATE TO TAMP] ) ! ,U4 ,S4 MAIL TO KEEP \T ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,BUT BY ,DECEMB] #a ! NEWSPAP]S C>RI$ ! NEWS 9 
HEADL9ES1 & !SE M5 IMPROVIS$ SN[%OES & SKIS = !MSELVES 
& MADE !IR WAY ?R\< ! DEEP SN[ ( ! M\NTA9 PASSES TO JO9 
!IR FELL[ WORK]S4 ,! LUMB] /RIKES HAVE ORD9>ILY BE5 CALL$ BY 
0FLY+ SQUADRONS0 ?AT HAVE REA*$ ALL CAMPS ) ! CALL ( 
SOLID>ITY4 ,! ,SEPTEMB] #aibc /RIKE 9 ! ,NOR?WE/ WOODS PRES5T$ 
A DIFFICULT SITUATION 9ASMU* AS !RE WAS A DISAGREEM5T AS TO ! 
ADVISABILITY ( CALL+ IT4 ,! HURRI$ /RIKE CALL REA*$ ! MO/ 
9ACCESSIBLE P>TS1 DELIV]$ FROM A #b? C5TURY UNION BY #b? C5TURY 
ME?ODS--BY AIRPLANE6 
   

,9 ALL CASES ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
LEAVES ! /RIKE TO ! MEMB]S ON ! JOB4 ,9 ! SPR+ ( #aibc ! 
,G4 ,E4 ,B4 RECOMM5D$ A /RIKE 9 ALL 9DU/RIES = ! RELEASE ( 
CLASS W> PRISON]S BUT LEFT ! DATE & ! ACTUAL CALL+ ( ! 
/RIKE TO ?OSE ON ! JOBS4 ,! M>9E TRANSPORT WORK]S1 ! 
LUMB]JACKS1 ! CON/RUCTION WORK]S ALL RESPOND$ EFFECTIVELY4 ,9 ALL 
CASES ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 CALLS ITS /RIKES SO ?AT !RE IS NO 
WAV]+ & UNC]TA9TY1 & ! /RAI<T ISSUE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE 
) ITS CL>ION CALL ( SOLID>ITY IS BLAZON$ 9 ! FRONT4 
  ,H[ ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,/RIKES ,>E ,RUN 
   

,I4 ,W4 ,W4 /RIKES >E RUN BY ! /RIK]S4 
,?IS IS =CIBLY ILLU/RAT$ BY ! FOLL[+ 9CID5T 9 ! GREAT 
,PAT]SON SILK /RIKE ( #a#i#a#c3 ,BIG ,BILL ,HAYWOOD WAS SEAT$ 9 ! ,TURN 
,HALL HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,PAT]SON /RIK]S :5 HE WAS APPROA*$ BY 
! LEAD+ RABBI ( ! CITY4 ,A /ACCATO DIALOGUE TOOK PLACE AS 
FOLL[S3 
   

0,OH1 ,MR4 ,HAYWOOD1 ,I AM SO SO GLAD TO MEET Y\4 ,I'VE BE5 WANT+ TO MEET ! LEAD] ( ! /RIKE = SOME TIME40 
   

0,Y\'VE MADE A MI/AKE10 REPLI$ ,BILL1 0,I'M NOT ! LEAD]40  
   

0,:AT6 ,Y\'RE NOT8 ,WELL1 :O IS HE80 
   

0,!RE A9'T ANY ,HE40 
   

0,P]HAPS ,I %\LD HAVE SAID '!Y'10 P]SI/$ ! PROPHET ( ! ,*OS5 PEOPLE1 0,:O >E !Y80 
   

0,?IS /RIKE HAS NO LEAD]S10 ANSW]$ ,BILL4 
   

0,IT HASN'T6 ,WELL1 :O IS 9 *>GE ( IT80 
   

0,! /RIK]S40 
   

0,BUT 
CAN'T ,I MEET SOME RESPONSIBLE P>TIES ELSE:]E8 ,Y\ KN[ ,I REPRES5T 
! O!R *UR*ES ( ! CITY1 ! ,CA?OLIC ,FA!RS & ! ,ME?ODI/ 
M9I/]S >E AWAIT+ MY REPORT4 ,I W\LD LIKE TO F9D \T ALL ,I CAN 
& !N MAYBE WE C\LD COME TO SOME AGREEM5T ) ! MILL [N]S40 
   

0,! MILL [N]S ALREADY KN[ :AT ! /RIK]S WANT10 SAID ,BILL4 
   

0,!Y DO6 ,:Y SOME ( ! LEAD+ CITIZ5S DON'T KN[ YET60 
   

0,?AT'S FUNNY10 SMIL$ ,BILL1 0,I JU/ GOT (F A TRA9 FROM ,AKRON A C\PLE ( H\RS AGO & ,I KN[40 
   

0,WILL Y\ PLEASE TELL ME80 
   

0,IT'S 
V]Y SIMPLE10 ANSW]$ ,BILL1 0,!Y WANT AN EI<T H\R DAY1 ABOLITION ( 
! ?REE & F\R LOOM SY/EM 9 BROAD SILKS1 ABOLITION ( ! TWO 
LOOM SY/EM 9 RIBBONS1 & ! DY]S WANT A M9IMUM WAGE ( @s#a#b A 
WEEK40 
   

0,WELL1 WELL60 MUS$ ! O!R /ROK+ HIS RABB9ICAL BE>D1 0,I MU/ SAY IT'S /RANGE WE HAD NOT HE>D ALL ?IS60 
   

0,!RE'S AN AWFUL LOT ( ?+S Y\ NEV] HE>D (1 P>SON10 SAID ,BILL4 
   

0,DO !Y HAVE A /RIKE COMMITTEE1 & :]E DO !Y MEET80 CONT9U$ ! RABBI4 
   

0,RI<T 9 ?IS HALL1 EV]Y MORN+ AT EI<T O'CLOCK40  
   

0,:O >E !Y80 
   

0,I DON'T KN[2 & IF ,I DID ,I W\LDN'T TELL10 LAU<$ ,BILL4  
   

0,H[ MANY >E !RE80 
   

0,ONE HUNDR$ & TW5TY-SEV540 
   

0,ONE 
HUNDR$ & TW5TY-SEV56 ,M,Y ,G,O,D6 ,:AT CAN WE DO ) A /RIKE 
COMMITTEE ( ONE HUNDR$ & TW5TY-SEV5 ?AT MEETS 9 A PUBLIC HALL 
BE=E ALL ! RE/ ( ! /RIK]S80 
   

^*0',I DON'T RECKON ?AT 
Y\ CAN DO MU* EXCEPT ! HEAVY LOOK+ ON1 P>SON10 SAID ,BILL4 0,!RE 
A9'T MU* LEFT 9 ! WORLD = FELL[S LIKE Y\ TO DO EXCEPT ?AT1 
& BESIDES ?IS IS AN ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 /RIKE4 ,9 AN 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 /RIKE !RE ISN'T ROOM = ANYBODY EXCEPT ! 
WORK+ CLASS & ! BOSSES2 EV]YBODY ELSE IS EXCESS BAGGAGE40 7,SOLID>ITY1 ,APRIL #a#i1 #a#i#a#c47 
   

,PICKET+ 
IS ! GREAT ESS5TIAL 9 ANY /RIKE4 ,9 ,LAWR5CE1 #a#i#a#b1 :5 ! 
PICKETS W]E /OPP$ FROM /&+1 ! MOV+ PICKET L9E WAS 
ADOPT$--AN 5DLESS *A9 ( REBEL WORK]S1 M>*+ 9 A CIRCLE >\ND 
! MILLS1 :OSE ?\S&-VOIC$ 0BOOS0 S5T *ILLS D[N ! SP9E ( 
ANY POT5TIAL SCAB4 ,9 !IR CONT9U\S /RUGGLE = BETT] JOB 
CONDITIONS1 ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,WORK]S HAVE HAD TO MA9TA9 A PICKET L9E 
FROM ,KANSAS TO ,NOR!RN ,ALB]TA4 ,9 ! GREAT CON/RUCTION /RIKES1 AS 
9 ! ,GREAT ,NOR!RN & ! ,CANADIAN ,NOR!RN 9 ,B4 ,C4 9 #a#i#a#b1 OR 
! ,GREAT ,NOR!RN 9 ,WA%+TON 9 #a#i#b#b1 IT HAS BE5 NECESS>Y TO 
PICKET EMPLOYM5T (FICES FROM ,LOS ,ANGELES TO ,W9NIPEG1 & FROM 
,SEATTLE TO ,*ICAGO4 ,9 SU* /RIKES1 SCABS >E GIV5 FREE %IPM5TS4 
,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HAS (T5 ADOPT$ ! EFFECTIVE TACTIC ( 
%IPP+ \T ITS MEMB]S 9 !SE CONSIGNM5TS ( SCABS1 (T5 MAK+ 
UP MO/ ( ! %IPM5T1 QUITT+ ! TRA9 5 R\TE1 LEAV+ ! 
RAILWAY 9 POSSESSION ( A MOTLEY >RAY ( *EAP SUITCASES PACK$ ) 
GUNNY SACKS & BRICKS4 ,9 ! ,B4 ,C4 CON/RUCTION /RIKE ( #aiac IT WAS 
SOMETIMES NECESS>Y1 S9CE %IPM5TS ( SCABS UND] GU>D REA*$ ! 
CAMPS1 TO S5D 9 MEMB]S TO SCAB ON ! JOB TO BR+ \T ! CAMP ) 
!M4 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ALWAYS PICKETS1 IF NOT 9 ONE WAY1 !N IT 
F9DS ANO!R4 
   

,! TIME ELEM5T 9 A /RIKE IS A MO/ 
IMPORTANT FACTOR4 ,?AT IS ONE REASON :Y ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 LEAVES 
! /RIKE 9 ! H&S ( ! /RIK]S4 ,MANY ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
/RIKES HAVE BE5 SMALL1 %ORT /RIKES1 WON BY CALL+ !M AT ! 
CRITICAL MOM5T4 ,9 ,LOS ,ANGELES 9 #a#i#a#b1 A DRAMATIC PAGEANT REQUIR$ 
#ae EXTRAS TO DRESS AS ,ROMAN SOLDI]S TO C>RY ! QUE5 ON ! /AGE 
9 A *AIR & C>RY H] (F4 ,! USUAL RATE WAS @s#a4#e BUT ?IS TIME 
! EXTRAS W]E (F]$ ONLY #ge C5TS4 ,!RE WAS TOO MU* UNEMPLOYM5T 
TO PULL ! REGUL> K9D ( /RIKE1 SO A GR\P ( ,I4 ,W4 ,W4'S 
HIR$ \T AT ! HALF SCALE4 ,F\R ( !M TOOK HOLD ( ! QUE5'S 
DIVAN & ! RE/ HEAD$ ! PROCESSION BEH9D H]4 ,:5 ! CUE WAS 
GIV5 = !M TO M>* ON ! /AGE1 !Y /ALL$ AT ! /AGE 
5TRANCE4 ,:5 ! CUE 0,ALL HAIL ! ,QUE560 WAS GIV5 = ! ?IRD 
TIME1 ! MANAG] CAME UP & ASK$ :AT ! MATT] WAS4 ,HE WAS TOLD 
?AT !Y WANT$ @s#c44 ,:5 ! CUE WAS GIV5 AGA9 ! PRICE W5T UP 
TO @s#d42 & :5 !Y W5T ON ! /AGE IT WAS ONLY AFT] !Y HAD 
EA* BE5 H&$ FIVE DOLL> BILLS4 ,! NEXT DAY ! MANAGEM5T HIR$ 
ANO!R CREW & PICK$ !IR [N M5 TO H&LE ! QUE54 ,BUT ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4'S W]E !RE2 &1 DRESS$ AS ,ROMAN SOLDI]S1 
GRACEFULLY & MAJE/ICALLY !Y CIRCL$ ! /AGE SO AS TO HAVE *>GE 
( ! QUE5 AS %E MADE H] EXIT4 ,!Y W]E ALL GIV5 @s#e4 BE=E 
!Y LEFT ! /AGE 2 BUT ! 5TIRE BODY ( EXTRAS WAS M>*$ 9 FULL 
UNI=M 9TO ! PATROL WAGONS4 ,! NEXT DAY ! MANAG] HAD TO PLEAD 
) ! JUDGE PLEASE TO LET !M \T AS HE NE$$ !IR REGALIA = 
! MAT9EE4 ,SO \T !Y CAME1 M>*+ ?\< ! CITY /REETS 9 
SPL5DID >RAY1 S++ ! SONGS ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,A LESS 
ORNATE /RIKE BAS$ ON ! SAME TACTICS ( ! CRITICAL MOM5T1 WAS 
?AT ( ! SN[ %OVEL]S ON ! RAILWAY \T ( ,JANESVILLE1 ,WIS41 9 
,JANU>Y #a#i#a4 ,! TRA9 WAS HELD UP BY ! HEAVY SN[S2 ! M5 
DEM&$ 0MITT5S1 :ISKEY & A DOLL> AN H\R40 ,!Y WON \T ON ! 
SPOT4 
   

,CLOSELY CONNECT$ ) ?IS TACTIC ( ! CRITICAL MOM5T1 IS ! 9T]MITT5T /RIKE4 
,= 9/ANCE 9 ! CON/RUCTION /RIKE ON ALL ,GU?RIE & ,GRANT ,SMI? 
CAMPS 9 #a#i#b#b1 ! /RIKE WAS =C$ ON ,APRIL #b#h? BE=E PROP] 
ORGANIZATION WAS EFFECT$2 BUT IT WAS TRANSF]R$ TO ! JOB UNTIL ,MAY 
#b#h? :5 ! ORGANIZATION WAS ABLE TO H&LE IT 9 GOOD %APE4 ,! 
#aiag LUMB] /RIKE IS A WELL-KN[N 9/ANCE ( ! SUCCESSFUL USE ( 
! 9T]MITT5T /RIKE4 ,H]E ! /RIKE ON ! JOB WAS ALSO 
US$1 ! M5 QUITT+ AT ! 5D ( EI<T H\RS1 ?US W9N+ ! 
EI<T H\R DAY4 ,AN E>LY 9/ANCE ( ! /RIKE ON ! JOB IS ?AT ( 
! ,*ICAGO CLO?+ WORK]S 9 #a#i#a4 ,?IS /RIKE ( #eh M5 & GIRLS 
AGA9/ ,LAMM & ,CO4 WAS />T$ BECAUSE ( ! DIS*>GE ( ONE MAN4 
,! COMPANY WAS =C$ TO ACC$E TO ALL ( !IR DEM&S EXCEPT ! 
RE9/ATEM5T ( ! MAN4 ,! WORK]S DECID$ TO GO BACK ON ! T]MS 
(F]$2 & !RE BY PASSIVE RESI/ANCE ME?ODS 9 A C\PLE ( H\RS 
!Y WON A %OP COMMITTEE1 NOT ASK$ = & ! RE9/ATEM5T ( ?IS 
MAN4 
   

,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 FAVORS %ORT /RIKES & !SE 
REQUIRE FEW COMMITTEES4 ,BUT :5 A LONG /RIKE CANNOT BE AVOID$ AS 
,LITTLE ,FALLS1 ,OCT4 #a1 #aiab TO ,JAN4 #c1 #a#i#a#c1 ADEQUATE PROVISION MU/ BE 
MADE = RELIEF1 ETC4 ,H]E A S\P KIT*5 S]V$ :OLESOME MEALS AT A 
CO/ ( SEV5 C5TS EA* 2 ANO!R COMMITTEE SUPPLI$ RATIONS = 
FAMILIES4 ,A PUBLICITY COMMITTEE PROVID$ ALL PAP]S ) NEWS & 
ATT5D$ TO ! LEGAL WORK1 SECUR+ AFFIDAVITS1 ETC4 ,A SPECIAL CLO!S 
COMMITTEE ASC]TA9$ ! NE$S ( EA* /RIK] 9 ?AT RESPECT1 & BY 
SY/EMATIC REPAIRS & ALT]ATION MADE ! FULLE/ USE ( ! CLO?+ 
S5T1 EV5 MA9TA9+ !IR [N %OE REPAIR %OP4 ,A SOCIAL COMMITTEE 
KEPT UP ! SPIRIT ( SOLID>ITY ?\< ! COLD W9T] MON?S 
COMB9+ $UCATION ) AMUSEM5TS4 ,!RE W]E PICKET & VIGILANCE 
COMMITTEES1 & TO CO-ORD9ATE ALL1 ! MA9 /RIKE COMMITTEE4 
   

,! 
EMPLOY]S ORD9>ILY TRY TO 9JECT VIOL5CE 9TO ALL /RIKES2 ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HAS HAD TO ADOPT A V>IETY ( TACTICS TO FOIL ?IS 
GAME4 ,MO/ RELIABLE ( ALL IS A GOOD VIGILANCE COMMITTEE4 ,9 ,PORTL& 
9 #a#i#b#c1 9 ! LONG%ORE /RIKE1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO CLOSE ! BL9D 
PIGS 9 ORD] TO KEEP ORD]2 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 CLOS$ !M4 ,9 ! 
,GOLDFIELD /RIKE ( #aig AGA9/ PAYM5T 9 WOR?LESS & UNGU>ANTE$ 
SCRIP1 TROOPS W]E BR\<T 94 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ISSU$ A /RAI<T 
APPEAL TO 0EV]Y @s#a#e A MON? SOLDI]-SLAVE0 TO /& BY HIS CLASS4 
,VIOL5CE WAS AVOID$ & A F$]AL 9VE/IGATION ORD]$ ! REMOVAL ( 
! TROOPS4 ,9 ,MC,KEES ,ROCKS 9 #a#i#i1 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HAD ! 
/EEL TRU/ COSSACKS TO CONT5D )--RU?LESS ?UGS :O HAD CRU%$ 
EV]Y PREVI\S REVOLT ) BLOODY 9TIMIDATION4 ,! /RIKE WAS 
SPONTANE\S4 ,SECRET>Y ,MORRISON ( ! ,A4 ,F4 ( ,L4 HAD VISIT$ ! 
SC5E & DECID$ ?AT 0,!SE /RIK]S >E A LOT ( IGNORANT1 
UNORGANIZ$ =EIGN]S1 & ! ,A4 ,F4 ( ,L4 CAN DO NO?+ = !M40 
,BUT AMONG !M W]E REFUGEES ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLT ( #aie :O GOT 9 
T\* ) ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 = ASSI/ANCE4 ,AN 0,UNKN[N 
,COMMITTEE0 WAS =M$ ( !SE REVOLUTIONI/S2 & TO ! ,COSSACKS1 
AFT] A /RIK] HAD BE5 KILL$ BY !M1 A NOTICE WAS S5T3 0,= EV]Y 
/RIK]'S LIFE ?AT Y\ TAKE1 A TROOP]'S LIFE WILL BE TAK540 ,A RIOT 
WAS />T$ AT ,O',DONOVAN ,BRIDGE BY ,DEPUTY ,%]IFF ,EXL]2 F\R /RIK]S 
W]E KILL$ & ! UNKN[N COMMITTEE TOOK ! LIVES ( ?REE ,COSSACKS 
& CALL$ IT QUITS1 = IT WAS ALREADY CLE> ?AT ?IS AM\NT ( 
DISCIPL9E HAD *ECK$ ! VIOL5CE ( ! BLU/]+ ?UGS4 
   

,LAWR5CE 
FURNI%ES A GOOD ILLU/RATION ( ! NATURE ( /RIKE VIOL5CE4 
,DYNAMITE WAS PLANT$ BY A MEMB] ( ! ,S*OOL ,BO>D NAM$ ,BRE5 TO 
9CRIM9ATE ! /RIK]S4 ,HE WAS CAU<T1 CONVICT$ & F9$ @s#e6 
  ,H[ ,/RIKES ,5D 
   

,A 
/RIKE IS A DISPLAY ( SOLID>ITY4 ,IF MORALE IS TO BE MA9TA9$ ! 
WORK]S MU/ QUIT TOGE!R & GO BACK TOGE!R4 ,AT ?IS ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HAS ALWAYS AIM$4 ,IT IS UP TO ! /RIK]S TO SETTLE 
! /RIKE4 ,9 ,LAWR5CE A L>GE COMMITTEE FAMILI> FROM !IR WORK ) 
EV]Y TE*NICAL PO9T ?AT MI<T BE RAIS$ 9 SU* A SETTLEM5T1 
CONFRONT$ & SURPRIS$ ! COMPANY ATTORNEYS4 ,! DECISION ?AT 
RAIS$ ! WAGES ( TEXTILE WORK]S BY OV] @s#e11 P] YE> WAS 
RATIFI$ BY A MASS MEET+ ( ALL /RIK]S ON ,LAWR5CE COMMON4 
   

,ORGANIZATION 
ON ! JOB IS WOR? A MULTITUDE ( PROMISES & AGREEM5TS4 ,! 
,PHILADELPHIA LONG%OREM5 9 !IR /RIKE 9 #aib 5D$ IT ) AS BIG 
A SURPRISE AS :5 IT BEGAN1 :ILE ! ,%IPP+ ,BO>D & ! 
/EV$ORES W]E WRANGL+ OV] T]MS1 ?US TRANSF]R+ ALL ! 
SOLID>ITY ( ! /RIKE TO ! JOB 9 ! =M ( COMPLETE JOB 
CONTROL4 ,! GREAT ,IRON ,RANGE /RIKE ON ! ,MESABA 9 #aiaf US$ ! 
SAME TACTICS & GOT RESULTS ?AT C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 OBTA9$ BY 
PROLONG+ ! /RIKE4 ,! M9]S ( ,BUTTE1 FE>+ ! DEFECTION ( 
CO-OP]AT+ ,A4 ,F4 ( ,L4 UNION 9 !IR /RIKE ( #aiai ?AT TI$ UP ! 
5TIRE CITY1 W5T BACK ON ! SAME SCORE4 
   

,TO WRITE ! HI/ORY 
( ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 /RIKES W\LD TAKE A BOOK4 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
IS \T TO W9 & 9 ITS /RIK+ WAYS IT ADOPTS W9N+ TACTICS4 
   

  ,! ,C,O,L,O,R,A,D,O ,C,O,N,Q,U,E,/ 
  ,BY ,$ ,D,E,L,A,N,E,Y 
  ,LONG ,PROM95T ,9 ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,DEF5SE ,WORK 
   

,! 
WORK+ CLASS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E AB\T AS ADEPT AT GRASP+ ! 
SIGNIFICANCE ( NEW !ORIES OR NEW ME?ODS AS >E ! ,5GLI% PEOPLE 
AT GRASP+ ! S5SE ( ! AV]AGE ,AM]ICAN JOKE4 ,H[EV]1 ! SAME 
PECULI>ITY IS TRUE ( BO? 9 ! SAME S5SE1 9 ?AT :5 !Y 
F9ALLY CONCEIVE ! FULL MEAN+ ( ! ?+ UND] CONSID]ATION & 
F9D ?AT IT CAN BE AS IT IS PURPORT$1 !N !Y GO AHEAD ) IT1 
:E!R IT BE A NEW !ORY = ! ,AM]ICAN OR A NEW JOKE = ! 
,5GLI%MAN4 ,SO IT WAS ) ! M9]S 9 ! /ATE ( ,COLORADO4 
   

,= 
MANY YE>S ! M9]S HAD BE5 TRAMPL$ UND]FOOT BY ! COAL 
COMPANIES4 ,ATTEMPTS HAD BE5 MADE1 IT IS TRUE1 TO BREAK ! COMPANY 
RULE & MON>*Y BUT EA* ATTEMPT WAS LIKE ! FIR/ & ALL W]E 
UNSUCCESSFUL4 ,LAWS W]E CREAT$ = !IR B5EFIT1 ONLY TO BE IGNOR$4 
,TIME PASS$ & ) ITS PASS+ CONDITIONS GREW WORSE & ! M9]1 
/OIC ?AT HE IS1 BORE ON UNCOMPLA9+4 ,ONLY A FEW C\LD F9D ! TIME 
TO LOOK = A NEW ME?OD ( ATTACK1 ONLY A FEW C\LD GRASP ! NEW IDEA 
:5 IT WAS FIR/ PRES5T$ 9 ! =M ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 BY A 
UNION ORGANIZ]4 
   

,CONSID]+ ?IS1 !N1 IT IS NOT /RANGE 
?AT :5 9 ,SEPTEMB] ( #a#i#b#g1 :5 AN ANN\NCEM5T WAS MADE BY ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ?AT A /RIKE W\LD BE CALL$ ON ,OCTOB] #a#h1 ?AT 
BO? ! COAL M9]S & ! M9E OP]ATORS *UCKL$ UP !IR SLEEVES4 
,! M9]S *UCKL$ BECAUSE !Y HAD BE5 ?R\< MANY /RIKES 9 
REC5T YE>S & HAD NO?+ TO %[ = !IR TR\BLE EXCEPT ! 
LOSSES !Y HAD SUFF]$4 ,MANY W]E ( ! OP9ION1 TOO1 ?AT A /RIKE 
:I* W\LD CLOSE ALL ! COAL M9ES 9 ! /ATE WAS UTT]LY 
IMPOSSIBLE4 
   

,& ! OP]ATORS SNICK]$ AMONG !MSELVES1 SOME 
EV5 GO+ SO F> AS TO LAU< AL\D AT ! /ATEM5T4 ,!Y W]E 
POSITIVE ?AT !IR ACTIONS 9 PREVI\S /RIKES HAD BE5 ( SU* A 
*>ACT] AS TO PRECLUDE ! POSSIBILITY ( ANY FUTURE /RIKES ( ANY 
MAGNITUDE4 ,9DE$1 IT WAS SU* AS TO FRI<T5 /RONG] M5 ?AN ! 
M9]S W]E REPUT$ TO BE4 ,DID !Y NOT [N ! ,/ATE1 W]E NOT ! 
MILITIA1 /ATE POLICE & ALL >M$ =CES1 AS WELL AS ! C\RTS READY 
TO BACK !IR EV]Y DECISION ) HOT LEAD & C\RT DECISIONS8 ,& IF 
!Y W]E NOT SUFFICI5T DID !Y NOT HAVE !IR [N HORDES ( GUNM5 
TO USE AS RE9=CEM5TS8 ,SOLID>ITY !RE W\LD BE ALL RI<T BUT IT 
W\LD BE ON ! SIDE ( ! OP]ATORS & NOT ) ! M9]S1 ! 
L[LY DIGG]S ( COAL4 
   

,DESPITE SU* AN ATMOSPH]E1 ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 S]V$ NOTICE ON ! ,/ATE ,9DU/RIAL ,COMMISSION 
?AT A G5]AL /RIKE ( ! COAL M9+ 9DU/RY W\LD BE CALL$ & 
!Y S]V$ ?IS NOTICE 9 ! MANN] PRESCRIB$ BY ,COLORADO LAW4 
   

,TIME 
PASS$ & ) ! PASS+ ( EA* DAY MORE RECRUITS TO ! IDEA ( 
/RIK+ W]E GA!R$4 ,SOME M9]S ACC$$ TO ! IDEA ?R\< M]E 
CURIOSITY2 CURI\S :E!R ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 & ITS ME?ODS W]E 
ANY DIFF]5T ?AN ! OLD L9E CRAFT ORGANIZATIONS OR NOT2 & ) 
O!RS ! IDEA ( TY+ UP ! 5TIRE 9DU/RY W5T HOME & !Y 
BEGAN TO APPRECIATE !IR [N /R5G?4 ,SO GREAT WAS ?IS SPREAD+ 
FEEL+ ( SOLID>ITY ?AT ! OP]ATORS ?\<T BETT] ( !IR 
SNICK]S & BEGAN CA/+ !IR SUAVE SMILES ( GOOD FELL[%IP 
>\ND4 ,!N CAME !IR ANN\NCEM5T1 VIRTUALLY ON ! EVE ( ! 
/RIKE1 ?AT !Y W\LD GRANT AN 9CREASE 9 WAGES--BUT1 ?AT !Y W]E 
DO+ IT AT ! BEHE/ ( ! EMPLOYES :O HAD PETITION$ = SU* AN 
9CREASE 9 ! PRESCRIB$ MANN] AS PROVID$ = 9 ! ,ROCKEFELL] 
,PLAN4 ,! EMPLOY]S W]E BEG9N+ TO REALIZE ?AT A DET]M9$ EF=T 
WAS AFOOT & ?AT ! TWO DAY /RIKE :I* HAD BE5 C>RI$ ON 9 ! 
,WALS5B]G DI/RICT BY ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 ,AUGU/1 AS A PROTE/ 
AGA9/ ! DEA? S5T5CE ( ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI1 HAD NOT BE5 A M]E 
EMPTY GE/URE4 
   

,CAME ! DAWN ( ,OCTOB] #ah & ?\S&S ( 
M9]S PICK$ !IR WAY ?R\< ! MURKY /REETS ( ! ,COLORADO 
M9+ T[NS2 PICK$ !IR WAY1 NOT TO ! %AFTS OR SLOPES ( COAL 
M9ES BUT TO ! UNION HALLS & MEET+ PLACES4 ,MEET+S W]E CALL$ 
& PICKET L9ES =M$4 ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ORGANIZ]S EXPLA9$ ! 
NECESSITY ( DISCIPL9E1 ( H[ VIOL5CE 9 EV]Y =M %\LD BE 
AVOID$2 EXPLA9$ ?AT COMMITTEES TO GOV]N ! /RIKE %\LD BE 
ELECT$ & ALL ( ! O!R DETAILS ?AT GO TO MAKE UP A SUCCESSFUL 
/RIKE4 ,SONGS W]E SUNG & ! PICKETS W]E ON !IR WAY4 ,S++ ! 
/IRR+ WORDS ( ! SONG1 0,SOLID>ITY0 & 9DELIBLY IMPR9T$ 9 
!IR MEMORIES WAS ! PHRASE1 0,WAT* ! MAN :O ADVOCATES VIOL5CE40 
   

,?R\<\T 
! DAY !Y W5D$ !IR WAY1 NOT 9 GR\PS ( TWO OR ?REE BUT 9 
GREAT MASSES1 HUNDR$S /RONG4 ,ALL DAY LONG !Y SANG !IR SONGS & 
AS !Y PASS$ ALONG !IR *OS5 R\TES !IR RANKS W]E AUGM5T$ BY 
HUNDR$S MORE4 
   

,) ! COM+ ( NI<T !Y CONGREGAT$ AB\T 
!IR MEET+ PLACES & HUGE MASS MEET+S W]E HELD4 ,SPEAK]S W]E 
PRES5T & !Y SPOKE 9 NE>LY EV]Y LANGUAGE PREVAL5T 9 EA* 
RESPECTIVE DI/RICT4 ,DEEP VOIC$ ,SLAYS1 SPEAK+ 9 T]MS ( 
QUE/IONS--& AFT] EA* QUE/ION ! AUDI5CE W\LD RESPOND 9 UNISON 
& ! DEEP ?ROAT$ REPLY W\LD S\ND NOT UNLIKE ! 9TONATIONS ( A 
,CA?OLIC CONGREGATION RESPOND+ TO ! *ANT+ ( ! PRIE/ DUR+ 
,VESP]S4 ,MEXICANS US+ ! PICTURESQUE SPEE* ( !IR HOMEL& BECAME 
QUITE FL[]Y 9 !IR ELOQU5CE4 ,ITALIANS1 SOMETIMES HI<LY EMOTIONAL1 
AGA9 V]Y SOLEMN1 BUT ALWAYS GE/UR+ ) !IR H&S DREW 5CORE 
AFT] 5CORE4 ,!N TOO1 !RE W]E ,RUSSIAN1 ,FR5* & ,5GLI% 
SPEAK]S1 BUT !Y ALL TOLD ! SAME /ORY4 ,! /ORY ( ! M9]S' 
S]FDOM4 ,! /ORY ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 & ITS ME?OD ( SECUR+ 
VICTORIES4 ,/RIKE6 ,SOLID>ITY W\LD W96 
   

,/RIKE COMMITTEES 
W]E ELECT$ E>LY 9 ! /RUGGLE & !Y AGRE$ TO ! ORIG9AL 
DEM&S :I* HAD BE5 DRAWN UP AT ! CONF]5CE HELD 9 ,AGUIL> 
E>LI] 9 ! YE>4 ,!SE DEM&S1 TW5TY-TWO 9 NUMB]1 W]E = A 
RETURN ( ! ,JACKSONVILLE WAGE SCALE1 = ! 5=CEM5T ( /ATE 
M9+ LAWS1 ! RI<T TO HAVE A *ECKWEI<MAN1 PIT COMMITTEE1 NO UNION 
9T]F]5CE1 ETC4 ,ALL ( !M IMPORTANT 9 ! LIFE ( ! AV]AGE 
M9]2 ALL ( !M FAIR 9 EV]Y RESPECT & ( SU* A NATURE AS TO 
HAVE BE5 VOLUNT>ILY ACC$$ TO BY ANY EMPLOY] IF HE W]E EV5 HALF 
HUMAN4 
   

,?US BEGAN A /RIKE ?AT WAS TO /IR ! 5TIRE WORLD4 
,A /RIKE SU* AS HAD NEV] BE=E BE5 WITNESS$ 9 ! COAL 9DU/RY 
( ?IS C\NTRY1 & IT WAS FITT+ ?AT AN ORGANIZATION SU* AS ! 
,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD %\LD BE ITS SPONSOR4 ,?IS WAS ! 
GREATE/ /RIKE ?AT HAD EV] OCCURR$ 9 ! 9DU/RY4 ,NEV] BE=E 
HAD SU* DEM&S BE5 MADE & NEV] HAD !RE BE5 SU* A SPL5DID 
DISPLAY ( /RATEGY AS WAS US$ BY !SE DET]M9$ WORK]S4 ,9DE$1 IT 
WAS ONLY ?R\< SU* A UNION AS ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ?AT ! /RIKE 
C\LD HAVE EV5 BE5 A REMOTE POSSIBILITY1 = IT WAS BROAD 5\< 9 
*>ACT]1 GREAT 5\< 9 WISDOM & FLEXIBILITY TO ALL[ = A *ANGE 
( PROGRAM OR TACTICS TO MEET EV]Y MOVE ( ! BOSS & DO IT 
9/ANTANE\SLY4 
   

,! SUCCE$+ DAYS F\ND MEET+S BE+ HELD 
& PICKETS /ILL HOLD+ !IR GR\ND4 ,!IR RANKS W]E FILL$4 
,PRACTICALLY EV]Y M9E 9 ! /ATE WAS IDLE4 ,GREAT DROVES ( M9]S 
W]E TRAVEL+ FROM DI/RICT TO DI/RICT 9 AUTOMOBILE C>AVANS & 
:]EV] !Y W5T M9ES W\LD CLOSE D[N4 ,FREMONT ,C\NTY WAS ! LA/ 
TO SUCCUMB & :5 IT F9ALLY FELL 9TO L9E A TOTAL ( #cbe M9ES \T 
( A GR& TOTAL ( #cdc 9 ! 5TIRE /ATE W]E CLOS$ D[N TI<T4 
,?IS HAPP5$ NOT 9 ! SUMM] TIME1 BUT 9 ! BUSY SEASON2 AT ?AT 
TIME ( ! YE> :5 ! COAL M9E OP]ATORS HAD A READY M>KET = 
!IR COAL4 ,! OP]ATORS W]E AMAZ$1 YEA1 DUMBF\ND$4 ,DESPITE !IR 
LAWS1 DESPITE !IR JURI/S1 !IR GUNM51 /ATE & PRIVATE1 !IR 
M9ES W]E IDLE & ! C\NTRY WAS CRY+ = COAL4 
   

,IT MU/ 
BE UND]/OOD1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! BOSS DID NOT /& IDLY BY & ALL[ 
! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 TO GO ON UNMOLE/$ 9 ITS 5DEAVORS4 ,RA!R1 
! BOSS MADE ! FIR/ MOVE TO ?W>T ! /RIKE ) VIOL5CE BY 
RAID+ ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HALL 9 ,WALS5BURG ON ! #a#f? ( 
,OCTOB] 9 ! DEAD ( NI<T4 ,C>S LOAD$ ) GUNM5 HAD RAC$ BY 9 
! /REET %OOT+ ! PLACE FULL ( HOLES & 5DEAVOR+ TO BLUFF 
! M9]S \T4 ,NEXT DAY ! HALL OP5$ AS USUAL & IT REMA9$ OP51 
BULLETS OR NO BULLETS4 ,GOV]NOR ,ADAMS HAD RE9/AT$ ! /ATE POLICE 
ON ! PAYROLL ( ,COLORADO4 ,PRIVATE GUNM5 W]E IMPORT$1 C\NTY & 
CITY POLICE (FICIALS W]E URG$ TO VIOL5CE & A M9IATURE HELL 
REIGN$ 9 EV]Y COAL CAMP4 ,M5 & WOM5 W]E JAIL$4 ,WOM5 & 
*ILDR5 AS WELL AS M5 W]E BEAT5 UP4 ,HUNDR$S ( P\NDS ( RO(+ 
NAILS W]E /REWN ON ! HI<WAYS TO /OP ! PICKET C>S BY PUNCTUR+ 
! TIRES1 BUT ! /RIKE W5T ON4 ,EA* P]SON JAIL$ BR\<T MORE 
RECRUITS TO ! /RIK]S' CAMP1 EA* P]SON BEAT5 BR\<T MORE RELIEF 
TO !IR EXHAU/$ RELIEF FUNDS4 
   

,NO LONG] W]E ! EMPLOY]S 
LAU<+4 ,NO LONG] W]E ! WORK]S *UCKL+--!Y LAU<$ AL\D4 ,! 
WORLD /OOD A<A/4 ,SOME?+ HAD GONE WRONG 9 ,COLORADO4 ,! M9]S 
W]E UNAFRAID4 ,NOT ONLY HAD S\!RN ,COLORADO GONE ON /RIKE--! 5TIRE 
,/ATE WAS TI$ UP4 
   

,A MON? PASS$4 ,A MON? ( EXCITEM5T ( 
! MO/ /IRR+ K9D4 ,! M9]S W]E GETT+ ALONG FAM\SLY4 ,!Y 
REALIZ$ !IR P[] & HAD SETTL$ D[N = A LONG /RIKE4 ,BUT ! 
OP]ATORS HAD ANO!R TRICK UP !IR SLEEVES4 ,!Y REMEMB]$ ,LUDL[ 
& DECID$ ON A MURD] SC5E4 ,S]5E1 ,COLORADO WAS TO BE ! PLACE1 AT 
! WORK+S ( ! ,ROCKY ,M\NTA9 ,FUEL ,COMPANY'S ,COLUMB9E M9E4 ,ON 
! MORN+ ( ,NOVEMB] #ba AS ! PICKET L9E W5D$ ITS WAY T[>D ! 
M9E1 AS !Y HAD BE5 9 ! HABIT ( DO+ EA* MORN+1 !Y F\ND 
! ROAD CLOS$4 ,!Y REA*$ ! GATE & W]E SUDD5LY ATTACK$ BY A 
GR\P ( /ATE POLICE & COMPANY ?UGS4 ,%OTS W]E FIR$ 
9DISCRIM9ATELY 9TO ! L9E ( OV] SIX HUNDR$ M51 WOM5 & 
*ILDR51 ALL ( :OM W]E )\T >MS ( ANY DESCRIPTION4 ,SIX PEOPLE 
W]E KILL$ AS A RESULT ( ! %OOT+ & ?IRTY-F\R O!RS W]E 
BADLY W\ND$1 9CLUD+ SOME WOM54 ,MURD] 9 ! COLDE/ S5SE ( ! 
WORD1 YET ! MAN :O DIRECT$ IT WAS AW>D$ A M$AL4 ,?IS MAN WAS 
,L\IS ,S*]F1 HEAD ( ! /ATE POLICE4 
   

,GOV]NOR ,ADAMS 
DECL>$ M>TIAL LAW 9 NOR!RN ,COLORADO &1 ! ,COLUMB9E BECAME ! 
HABITAT = ! /ATE MILITIA4 ,M5 W]E >RE/$ & ILLEGALLY 
DETA9$--BLOOD WAS ON ,COLORADO'S H&S & !Y W\LD BLOT IT ) 
9NOC5T HUMANS' LIB]TY4 ,M5 W]E 9 MORGUES1 O!RS 9 HOSPITALS1 
SOME 9 JAIL1 ! MILITIA WAS PRES5T BRI/L+ ) RIFLES & 
BAYONETS AFFIX$1 YET ! /RIKE W5T ON4 ,MURD]+ HAD NOT BROK5 ITS 
SPIRIT4 
   

,! EMPLOY]S W]E BEG9N+ TO REALIZE ?AT !Y W]E 
NOT DEAL+ ) AN OLD L9E ORGANIZATION LIKE ! ,U4 ,M4 ,W4 ( ,A4 ,! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 DID NOT WANT A CONTRACT ) ONE M9E 9 EA* 
DI/RICT2 !Y WANT$ ALL ! M9]S TO GET ! SAME AW>D & W\LD 
NOT CONSID] ANY?+ ?AT WAS NOT EFFECTIVE = EV]Y M9] 9 ! 
/ATE1 REG>DLESS ( ! DI/RICT4 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 F\<T ON 
) TACTICS ?AT W]E UNBEATABLE4 ,COMP>E !M ) ?OSE US$ 9 ! 
/RIKES :I* W]E !N GO+ ON 9 ,P5NSYLVANIA & ,OHIO6 
   

,9 
,COLORADO ! M9]S HAD ELECT$ !IR [N COMMITTEE1 ONE = EA* 
LOCALITY1 = EA* DI/RICT & AN ALL-/ATE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE4 ,EV]Y 
COMMITTEEMAN WAS AN ACTUAL COAL M9] :O HAD BE5 ELECT$ BY ! 
M9]S 9 ! P>TICUL> LOCALITY FROM :I* HE HAIL$4 ,:O ELSE W\LD 
KN[ MORE AB\T CONDITIONS 9 ! M9ES ?AN !SE M58 ,!RE W]E NO 
LEAD]S TELL+ !M :AT TO DO OR :5 !Y C\LD DO IT4 ,TRUE1 ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HAD ORGANIZ]S FROM O!R FIELDS ON ! JOB1 BUT 
!Y W]E M5 TRA9$ 9 ! SORT ( WORK NECESS>Y !RE & EV]YONE 
( !M TOOK ORD]S FROM ! COMMITTEES ( M9]S4 ,! M9]S H&L$ 
ALL ! FUNDS1 ALL ( ! RELIEF & !Y SAW TO IT ?AT EA* DI/RICT 
RECEIV$ ITS JU/ %>E4 ,IF ONE DI/RICT W5T HUNGRY !N ALL DI/RICTS 
W5T HUNGRY4 ,IF ONE ATE1 ALL ATE4 ,& NOT A MAN RECEIV$ A P5NY'S WAGE 
?R\<\T ! 5TIRE P]IOD ( ! CONFLICT4 
   

,WOM5 W]E 
CALL$ 9TO CONSULTATION4 ,! M9]S' WIVES W]E IMPORTANT COGS 9 ! 
/RIKE MA*9]Y & 9 ,COLORADO !Y %[$ !IR METTLE4 ,!Y W]E 9 
EV]Y MEET+1 ON ! PICKET L9ES & W]E EQUALLY AS ACTIVE AS ! 
M54 ,?IS WAS AN 9NOVATION1 SOME?+ :I* HAD NEV] OCCURR$ BE=E1 
EV5 AS EV]Y?+ ELSE AS CONDUCT$ ALONG ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 L9ES WAS 
NEW1 & AS A RESULT PEOPLE CAME TO ASK :AT SORT ( AN ORGANIZATION 
?IS ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WAS4 ,EV]YBODY WAS FI<T+ = !M--MEAN+ 
EV]YONE CONNECT$ ) ! PHYSICAL 5D ( ! 9DU/RY1 & IT SEEM$ 
LIKE AN UNEXPLA9ABLE MATT]4 
   

,& SO ! /RIKE W5T ON1 DAY 
AFT] DAY1 WEEK AFT] WEEK1 ! /RIK]S & !IR FAMILIES ALWAYS 
%[+ ! SAME 9DOMITABLE SPIRIT4 ,!Y MET BULLETS ) SMILES1 
CLUBS ) LAU<T] & JAILS ) SONGS4 ,!IR MEET+S W]E BROK5 
UP1 !IR HALLS & PICKET L9ES RAID$1 !IR HOMES DESECRAT$ BUT 
!Y C>RI$ ON4 ,HUNG]1 PRIVATION1 SICKNESS1 *ILDBIR?1 P]SECUTION 
9 EV]Y =M ?AT ?UGS1 /ATE POLICE1 MILITIAM51 C\NTY & CITY 
(FIC]S C\LD POSSIBLY CONCEIVE1 QU>ANT9ES & MURD] W]E !IR 
LOT1 BUT !Y CONT9U$ TO /RIKE1 CONT9U$ TO S+ & SMILE4 
   

,!N 
CAME ! MOVE ON ! P>T ( ! ORGANIZATION TO HAVE A PUBLIC HE>+ 
( ! M9]S' CAUSE4 ,! ,/ATE ,9DU/RIAL ,COMMISSION W]E PETITION$ 
TO HE> ! /ORY4 ,!Y AGRE$ & !REBY DECL>$ ! /RIKE A LEGAL 
ONE1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT !Y HAD ORIG9ALLY DECL>$ IT TO BE 
ILLEGAL BECAUSE !Y /AT$ ?AT PROP] NOTIFICATION HAD NOT BE5 
GIV54 ,! HE>+ BEGAN 9 ,D5V] ON ,DECEMB] #ai & SESSIONS W]E 
HELD 9 FIVE O!R T[NS ( ! /ATE4 ,IT PROV$ A REVELATION TO ! 
CITIZ5S ( ! ,/ATE AS WELL AS TO ALL O!RS ?AT W]E 9 A POSITION 
TO READ ( ITS DETAILS4 
   

,M9]S FROM EV]Y M9E ( IMPORTANCE 
CAME BE=E ! ,BO>D & TOLD !IR /ORY 9 !IR [N WAY--9 !IR 
[N LANGUAGE4 ,DAY AFT] DAY WAS CONSUM$ 9 HE>+ LIKE /ORIES TOLD4 
,/ORIES ( H[ !Y HAD BE5 =C$ TO WORK 9 WET PLACES1 TO MOVE 
ROCK1 TO PUT UP !IR [N TIMB]S1 LAY !IR [N TRACK & C>RY 
MAT]IALS FROM OLD AB&ON$ WORK+ PLACES AT ! RISK ( !IR 
LIFE--ALL )\T PAY4 ,!Y TOLD ( BE+ ROBB$ ( !IR TONNAGE BY 
COMPANY WEI< BOSSES1 ( H[ 9 ONE 9/ANCE !RE HAD NOT EV5 BE5 A 
SCALE ON ! TIPPLE = A P]IOD ( SEV5 MON?S4 ,GRIEVANCE AFT] 
GRIEVANCE WAS M5TION$ & 9 NOT A S+LE 9/ANCE C\LD ! 
EMPLOY]S REFUTE ! TE/IMONY GIV54 ,AN 9DICTM5T WAS WRITT51 A 
DAMN+ 9DICTM5T ?AT %ALL GO D[N ?R\< ! PAGES ( WORK+ 
CLASS HI/ORY AS A RECORD 9 ,COLORADO'S 9DU/RIAL S]FDOM ?AT C\LD 
NEV] BE REFUT$4 
   

,AFT] ! ,COMMISSION HAD CONCLUD$ ITS 
HE>+ 9 ,CRE/$ ,BUTTE IT W5T TO ,WALS5BURG TO TAKE SIMIL> 
TE/IMONY & >RIV$ !RE1 AB\T NOON ON ,JANU>Y #a#b1 #a#i#b#h4 ,! M9]S 
W]E OV]JOY$ AT !IR COM+2 !Y W]E PLEAS$ TO ?9K ?AT !Y 
W]E GO+ TO HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO TELL !IR /ORY4 ,& 9 !IR 
DELI<T !Y PLANN$ TO P>ADE TO ! C\R?\SE & WELCOME ! ,BO>D4 
,9 ACCORDANCE ) !IR PLAN !Y />T$ A L9E ( M>* FROM ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HALL T[>D ! C\R?\SE1 BUT W]E TURN$ BACK 
AFT] A %ORT SPACE HAD BE5 COV]$4 ,TURN$ BACK TO F9D ?AT !Y 
W]E PRACTICALLY SURR\ND$ BY GUNM51 :O W]E EV5 !N P\R+ LEAD 
?R\< ! BACK DOOR ( !IR HALL FROM A MA*9E GUN4 
   

,TWO 
PEOPLE W]E KILL$1 A MAN & A FIFTE5 YE> OLD BOY4 ,! HALL WAS 
RIDDL$1 & = H\RS GUNM5 P>AD$ ! /REETS 9TIMIDAT+ EV]YONE 
:O RESEMBL$ A WORK]4 ,?IS WAS AN EF=T TO /OP ! TAK+ ( 
TE/IMONY2 IT WAS ?\<T ?AT ! M9]S W\LD BE TOO FRI<T5$ TO 
TELL ( CONDITIONS 9 ! M9ES 9 & >\ND ,WALS5BURG IF !Y W]E 
%OT D[N 9 COLD BLOOD1 BUT ?IS ?\<T PROV$ ]RONE\S ALSO1 = 
! HE>+ CONT9U$ & ! M9]S BECAME MORE BOLD ?AN EV] BE=E4 
   

,?IS 
HE>+ BR\<T AB\T A SPLIT 9 ! RANKS ( ! M9E OP]ATORS4 ,AN 
IMM$IATE CONCESSION WAS MADE BY A NUMB] ( OP]ATORS1 ESPECIALLY 
?OSE OP]AT+ ON AN 9DEP5D5T BASIS1 TO ! EFFECT ?AT !Y W\LD 
GRANT PRACTICALLY EV]Y DEM& ! /RIK]S HAD MADE 9S(> AS IT WAS 
9 !IR P[]4 ,! (F] WAS REFUS$ = ! /RIKE WAS /ATE-WIDE & 
IT WAS ALWAYS MA9TA9$ ?AT NO M9E W\LD OP]ATE UNLESS ALL WORK$4 
   

,AFT] 
F\R MON?S ( /RIK+ ! M9]S VOT$ BY A MAJORITY ( N9ETY P] 
C5T4 TO RETURN TO WORK4 ,?IS WAS ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#i1 #aibh & !IR 
DEM&S HAD BE5 PRACTICALLY ALL WON4 
   

,AN 9CREASE 9 WAGES ( 
ONE DOLL> P] DAY1 *ECKWEI<M5 ON ! TIPPLES1 PIT COMMITTEE 9 ! 
M9ES1 WORK+ CONDITIONS #a P] C5T4 IMPROV$ & ALL /ATE M9+ 
LAWS 5=C$1 W]E ! EXACT CONCESSIONS E>N$ & RECEIV$4 ,! 
M9]S HAD CLE>$ !MSELVES 9 ! EYES ( A SLEEPY PUBLIC &1 BE/ 
( ALL1 HAD DISCOV]$ !IR [N /R5G? IF PROP]LY APPLI$4 
   

,SOME 
MAY SAY ?AT ! /RIKE WAS TOO LONG1 O!RS ?AT IT WAS TOO %ORT1 BUT 
NONE CAN D5Y ?AT IT WAS PULL$ AT ! RI<T TIME & ?AT ! TACTICS 
PURSU$ W]E PROP] AS WELL AS NEW TO ! 9DU/RY4 ,IT IS NOT \R 
PURPOSE H]E TO >GUE OV] ! L5G? OR BREVITY ( ! /RIKE BUT IT 
IS SAFE TO SAY ?AT ! /RIKE WAS AB\T AS ACCURATELY TIM$ AS ANY 
/RIKE EV] CONDUCT$4 
   

,! /RIKE PROV$ ! S\NDNESS ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,IT PROV$ ! POT5TIAL P[] ( ! M9]S4 ,& IT 
BR\<T AB\T CONDITIONS :I* C\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 A*IEV$ 9 ANY 
O!R WAY4 ,CONSID]+ ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 IT1 IT WAS ! 
*EAPE/ /RIKE EV] HELD 9 ?IS C\NTRY FROM A F9ANCIAL VIEWPO9T4 
,YET1 MORE WAS ACCOMPLI%$ ?AN 9 ANY O!R FIVE /RIKES 9 ! ,/ATE4 
   

  ,$,U,C,A,T,I,O,N 
  ,BY ,C,L,I,F,=,D ,B4 ,E,L,L,I,S 
  ,$ITOR ( ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK] 
  ,! ,P,U,R,P,O,S,E ,( ,$,U,C,A,T,I,O,N 
   

,$UCATION1 
9 A PRACTICAL & APPLI$ S5SE1 MAY BE DEF9$ AS ?AT TRA9+ :I* 
5ABLES ONE TO UND]/& & ADAPT ONE'S SELF TO MAT]IAL REALITY4 
,:5 WE SAY 0MAT]IAL0 WE REMOVE ! QUE/ION BEYOND ! FIELD ( 
METAPHYSICAL PHILOSOPHY4 ,! PRIM>Y CONC]N ( ! AV]AGE HUMAN IS TO 
MAKE1 A LIV+--TO SURVIVE--& ?AT IS A PURELY MAT]IAL PROBLEM4 ,IT 
DEALS ONLY ) ! MAT]IAL FACTORS ( HEAL?1 $UCATION & ACCESS TO 
! MAT]IAL MEANS ( LIFE UNRE/RICT$ BY MAN-MADE LAWS & 
9HIBITIONS4 ,IF ALL M5 & WOM5 HAD AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE A 
LIV+1 $UCATION MI<T BE R$UC$ TO A SIMPLE & UNI=M C\RSE ( 
9/RUCTION2 BUT :]E EQUAL ACCESS TO ! MEANS ( LIFE IS D5I$1 ! 
UNI=MITY ( S*OOL & COLLEGE C\RSES LEAD+ TO UNI=M 0DEGREES0 
MAKES ! USUAL $UCATION NO $UCATION AT ALL4 ,MO/ ( \R $UCATION 
TODAY IS M]E M5TAL GYMNA/ICS4 ,IT IS DESIGN$ NOT TO FIT ONE TO MAKE 
A LIV+1 BUT ADAPT ONE TO ! SOCIAL ORD] & TEA* RESPECT = ! 
CLASS DIVISION ( SOCIETY 9TO MA/]S & WAGE SLAVES4 
   

,IF 
$UCATION IS TO PREP>E ONE TO P]=M ! DUTIES ( LIFE1 AS ,WEB/] 
SAYS1 IT IS APP>5T ?AT IT %\LD BE SPECIALIZ$ TO SUIT ! NE$S ( 
! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,IT IS ASSUM$ BY \R $UCATORS ?AT ALL MEMB]S ( 
SOCIETY HAVE C]TA9 DUTIES 9 COMMON1 SU* AS DUTIES TO ! ,/ATE1 A 
COMMON MORAL CODE & ! AM5ITIES ( SOCIAL 9T]C\RSE14 ,IF ALL ! 
MEMB]S ( SOCIETY W]E ( APPROXIMATELY EQUAL ECONOMIC CONDITION1 ! 
ASSUMPTION MI<T BE ACCEPT$ AS A PRACTICAL WORK+ PROPOSITION2 BUT 9 
A SOCIETY DIVID$ BY CLASS L9ES1 IT IS AN ABSURDITY4 ,! MO/ 
IMPORTANT MAT]IAL FACT ( MOD]N SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IS COMPLETELY & 
DELIB]ATELY IGNOR$ 9 $UCATION2 NAMELY1 ?AT SOCIETY IS DIVID$ 9TO 
TWO FAIRLY WELL-DEF9$ CLASSES CONSI/+ ( ?OSE :O WORK = WAGES 
& ?OSE :O EXPLOIT ! WAGE WORK]S = PR(IT & LIVE BY A SPECIES 
( GAMBL+ 9 ! WEAL? PRODUC$ BY ! O!R CLASS4 
   

,EV5 
TE*NICAL $UCATION IS DIVID$ QUITE UNNATURALLY & UNNECESS>ILY 9TO 
TWO BRAN*ES ALONG CLASS L9ES4 ,!SE >E ! ME*ANICAL >TS ON ! 
ONE H& & ! SO-CALL$ PR(ESSIONS ON ! O!R4 ,NO ONE CAN TELL 
JU/ :]E ! L9E ( DIVISION BETWE5 ! TWO BRAN*ES %\LD BE 
DRAWN4 ,NO ONE KN[S JU/ AT :AT PO9T A C>P5T] BECOMES AN >*ITECT 
OR A BUILD+ 5G9E]2 OR AT :AT PO9T A REPORT] BECOMES A 
0J\RNALI/0 OR :5 A REAL E/ATE HUCK/] BECOMES A 0REALTOR40 
,OBVI\SLY1 ! L9E ( DIVISION LIES \TSIDE ( ! TE*NICAL FACTORS 
9VOLV$ & CONC]NS ITSELF ) SOME?+ ELSE4 ,R\<LY1 IT DEP5DS 
ON :E!R Y\ >E GO+ TO USE ! TE*NICAL' KN[L$GE GA9$ BY 
/UDY TO DO USEFUL & PRACTICAL ?+S--TO PRODUCE WEAL?--OR :E!R 
Y\ >E GO+ TO USE IT 9 ! EXPLOITATION ( ?OSE :O DO ! USEFUL 
?+S4 ,OR IT DEP5DS ON :E!R Y\ >E GO+ TO BE A WAGE WORK]1 GET 
A 0JOB0 & DRAW WAGES2 OR :E!R Y\ >E1 GO+ TO EXPLOIT OR DIRECT 
! EXPLOITATION ( WAGE WORK]S2 9 :I* LATT] CASE Y\ DRAW A 
0SAL>Y0 OR FEES OR PR(ITS & HOLD A 0POSITION40 ,!SE DI/9CTIONS 
HAVE >IS5 ) ! ADVANCE ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,9 ! E>LI] 
/AGES ( CAPITALISM & BE=E1 NO SU* DIVISIONS EXI/$4 ,B5JAM9 
,FRANKL9 NEV] TOOK A =MAL SCI5TIFIC C\RSE LEAD+ TO A 
PR(ESSIONAL DEGREE2 ,L9COLN DID NOT BECOME AN 0,L,L4,B440 BY READ+ LAW 
AS HE LAY ON HIS /OMA* BE=E ! FIREPLACE BY ! LI<T ( A 
P9E-KNOT2 ! 9V5TORS :OSE WORK REVOLUTIONIZ$ MOD]N SOCIETY SU* 
AS ,/EPH5SON1 ,WATT1 ,>KWRI<T1 ,ELI ,:ITNEY1 ,BLAN*>D1 ,ELIAS ,H[E1 
,SAMUEL ,F4 ,B4 ,MORSE1 ,ROB]T ,FULTON & O!RS W]E JU/ WORK]S2 !Y 
HAD NO DEGREES & W]E NOT 0PR(ESSORS40 ,! CLASS L9ES HAD NOT YET 
BE5 %>PLY DRAWN :5 !SE DID !IR WORK4 ,!Y W]E MEMB]S ( A 
REVOLUTION>Y CLASS ?AT HAD JU/ COME 9TO P[] & !Y SPRANG FROM 
! MASSES ( ! COMMON PEOPLE4 ,! NECESSITY ( $UCAT+ !M 9 ! 
M5TAL ATTITUDE ( ! RUL+ CLASS HAD NOT YET DEVELOP$ 9 ! M9DS 
( ! RIS+ B\RGEOISIE4 
   

,!SE DI/9CTIONS ( CLASS GREW 
\T ( ! ECONOMIC DIVISION ( ! PEOPLE 9TO MA/]S & WAGE SLAVES 
AS CAPITALISM DEVELOP$ FROM ! CLOSE ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY 
ONW>D4 ,! PIONE]S ( CAPITALISM W]E REVOLUTIONI/S--AN OPPRESS$ 
CLASS4 ,!Y W]E NOT DI/+UI%$ OR DI/+UI%ABLE 9 !IR E>LI] 
ORIG9S FROM ! MASSES ( PEASANTS1 >TISANS & LABOR]S :O W]E 
VICTIMIZ$1 ROBB$1 0PLUND]$1 PR(AN$ & DIS9H]IT$0 BY ! 
FEUDAL NOBILITY AGA9/ :OM !Y MADE COMMON REVOLUTION>Y W>F>E4 
   

,\R 
E>LY B\RGEOIS IDEALI/S ?\<T !Y W]E E/ABLI%+ A 0NATURAL0 
SOCIETY TO SUCCE$ ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION F\ND$ UPON ! 
>TIFICIALITIES ( SPECIAL PRIVILEGE1 BIR? & >I/OCRATIC RANK4 ,!Y 
ASS]T$ ) P]FECTLY NAIVE S9C]ITY ?AT 0ALL M5 >E CREAT$ 
EQUAL02 ?AT IS1 EQUAL 9 ! OPPORTUNITY TO 5GAGE 9 TRADE OR 
BUS9ESS & BY CLEV]NESS & >TFULNESS1 TO GET ! BE/ 5D ( A 
BUS9ESS DICK]4 ,IT WAS ! PHILOSOPHY ( GLORIFI$ HUCK/]+ & ITS 
AVAT> WAS A PU%-C>T P$DL] EXALT$ TO ! N-? DEGREE ( SUCCESS4 
,IT WAS QUITE NATURAL 9 AN AGE :5 VA/ NEW CONT95TS W]E OP5 TO 
ADV5TURES = EXPLOITATION & :5 ! 9DIVIDUAL TRAD] WAS FREE TO 
PIT HIS WITS AGA9/ EV]Y O!R 9DIVIDUAL TRAD] ON A FAIRLY EV5 
BASIS1 UNHAMP]$ BY ! GIGANTIC COMB9ATIONS & M]G]S ( ! 
MOD]N WORLD4 ,IT !N SEEM$ NE$FUL ONLY TO RID ! WORLD ( ! 
FEUDAL LAWS 9 RE/RA9T ( TRADE TO FREE ! WORLD & E/ABLI% A 
DEMOCRACY ( OPPORTUNITY 9 :I* ONLY ! NATURALLY 9F]IOR W\LD 
FAIL4 
   

,BUT1 AS ,H4 ,M4 ,HYNDMAN SAYS1 0EV5TS MOVE FA/] ?AN 
M9DS40 ,! RISE TO P[] ( ?IS TRAD+ & EXPLOIT+ CLASS AFT] 
! REVOLUTION>Y DE/RUCTION ( ! P[] ( ! FEUDAL >I/OCRACY1 
QUICKLY DEVELOP$ ! SAME CLASS DIVISIONS & CLASS CONTRADICTIONS 
?AT HAD =M]LY *>ACT]IZ$ FEUDAL SOCIETY4 ,! TRAD+ CLASS1 
=M]LY REPRESS$1 BECAME ! DOM9ANT CLASS4 ,IT SOON ACQUIR$ CLASS 
CONSCI\SNESS & AW>5ESS ( ! PROP]TY DI/9CTIONS ?AT SEP>AT$ 
IT BY AN IMMEASURABLE GULF FROM ! WAGE WORK]S :O CREAT$ ! 
COMMODITIES 9 :I* IT TRAFFICK$4 ,BUT ! IDEAS & IDEOLOGY ( ITS 
ORIG9S P]SI/$ 9 ITS $UCATIONAL SY/EM & $UCATION WAS F\ND$ 
UPON ! FALLACY ?AT B\RGEOIS SOCIETY HAD E/ABLI%$ ITS 
IDEAL--EQUALITY ( OPPORTUNITY4 ,IT P]SI/S 9 ?AT ABSURD ASSUMPTION 
TODAY1 :5 ! 9TEGRATION ( ITS CAPITAL1 ! CONC5TRATION ( WEAL? 
9TO FEW] & FEW] H&S1 ) ! SPREAD ( ITS DOM9ION ACROSS ! 
WORLD HAVE ABSORB$ ! =M]LY UNDEVELOP$ RES\RCES ( ! E>? & 
LEFT ! NEW]-BORN G5]ATIONS NO?+ BUT ! OPPORTUNITY TO BECOME 
WAGE SLAVES TO ! CLASS :I* [NS & CONTROLS ! TOOLS ( WEAL? 
PRODUCTION & ALL ! NATURAL RES\RCES ( L& & M9]ALS4 ,!SE 
NEW] >RIVALS UPON ! WORLD SC5E CON/ITUTE A DI/9CT CLASS 9 
SOCIETY4 ,!Y >E ! DIS9H]IT$ MILLIONS1 EV] 9CREAS+ 9 
RELATIVE & ABSOLUTE NUMB]S1 :O >E BORN )\T WEAL? & $UCAT$ 
9TO A SOCIAL UNIV]SE 9 :I* !Y HAVE NEI!R PROP]TY NOR ! 
MEANS ( ACQUIR+ PROP]TY4 ,!Y CON/ITUTE ! WORLD PROLET>IAT--! 
MASSES :O HAVE NO?+ TO TRAFFIC 9 BUT !IR LABOR P[] :I* !Y 
MU/ SELL TO ! [N+ & EMPLOY+ CLASS = ! RI<T TO LIVE4 ,TO 
IMPOSE UPON !M AN IMPRACTICAL B\RGEOIS $UCATION 9 :I* ! IDEA 
( GR[+ RI* BY 5GAG+ 9 TRADE & BUS9ESS PREVAILS1 :5 !Y 
WILL NEV] HAVE ?AT OPPORTUNITY1 & :5 ! ,/ATE ITSELF IS DEVOT$ 
TO ! BUS9ESS ( B>R+ !M FROM SU* AN OPPORTUNITY & FIX+ 
!IR /ATUS AS WAGE SLAVES ET]NALLY1 IS AN OBVI\S ABSURDITY4 ,& YET 
?AT IS JU/ :AT B\RGEOIS $UCATION DOES4 
   

,BY WAY ( 
PRACTICAL ILLU/RATION1 WE HAVE SELECT$ AT R&OM FROM ! HUNDR$S ( 
CLASSIFI$ ADS 9 ! WEEKLY 0,NATION0 UND] ! HEAD+1 0,POSITIONS 
,WANT$10 ! FOLL[+ ?REE1 :I* >E TYPICAL ( ! ABSURD 
MIS-$UCATION = A C>E] 9 LIFE 9 :I* ! OPPORTUNITIES >E1 
DISAPPE>+ AS ! CLASS SY/EM 9 SOCIETY DEVELOPS A CLASS CRISIS3 
   
    
     

,Y\NG 
MAN1 UNIV]SITY S5IOR1 COMPET5T TO TUTOR 9 ,LAT91 ,FR5*1 ,GREEK1 
,MUSIC1 ,5GLI%1 DESIRES POSITION ) FAMILY = SUMM]4 ,AN EXCELL5T 
COMPANION = ADULTS4 ,DRIVES C> WELL4 ,BOX #b#c#f#h1 C_/O ,! ,NATION4 
     

,V]SATILE 
Y\NG MAN1 COLLEGE GRADUATE1 W\LD LIKE TO MAKE A TRAVEL T\R ) 
FAMILY1 AS TUTOR4 ,AU?ORITY ON DRAMA1 ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 ,LAT94 ,PLAYS 
PIANO WELL1 DRIVES ANY MAKE ( C>4 ,*>M+ ADULT CONV]SATIONALI/1 
9DISP5SABLE AT ! BRIDGE-TABLE4 ,BOX #b#c#f#i1 C_/O ,! ,NATION4 
     

,H>V>D 
LAW /UD5T DESIRES JOB = SUMM]2 EXP]I5C$ *AUFFEUR1 LIFEGU>D1 
SWIMM+ 9/RUCTOR1 HOTEL CL]K1 WAIT]1 & TUTOR4 ,ANY?+ WILL DO4 
,:AT HAVE Y\8 ,BOX #b#b#h#g1 C_/O ,! ,NATION4 
    
   
   

,AN 
0AU?ORITY ON DRAMA1 ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 ,LAT94 ,PLAYS PIANO WELL1 
9DISP5SABLE1 AT ! BRIDGE TABLE10 WANTS A JOB DRIV+ A C>6 ,A 
0,H>V>D LAW /UD5T1 *AUFFEUR1 LIFE GU>D1 SWIMM+ 9/RUCTOR1 HOTEL 
CL]K1 WAIT] & TUTOR0 WANTS A JOB AT ANY?+4 0,:AT HAVE Y\80 ,SU* 
IS $UCATION 9 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY6 ,/]ILE V]SATILITY ?AT LEADS TO 
NO?+ & NO:]E6 
   

,! PURPOSE ( $UCATION IS TO TEA* ONE 
TO UND]/& REALITY & TO ADAPT ONE'S SELF TO IT 9 ! /RUGGLE = 
EXI/5CE4 ,REALITY & ! MEANS ( SURVIVAL >E ONE ?+ TO A WORK] 
& QUITE ANO!R TO AN EXPLOIT] ( LABOR2 TO ONE :O HAS TO MAKE A 
LIV+ ) HIS H&S & SKILL & TO ANO!R :OSE PURPOSE 9 LIFE 
& MEANS ( LIFE >E ! DECEPTION & SPOLIATION ( ?OSE :O LABOR4 
,! ONE IS A CREATOR2 ! O!R IS A BEA/ ( PREY4 ,!Y HAVE NO?+ 
9 COMMON--NOT EV5 A COMMON MORALITY4 ,TO 9/RUCT ! WORK]S 9 ! 
RI<TE\SNESS ( ! ME?ODS & MORALITY ( A SY/EM ?AT DESPOILS 
!M & D5IES !M ACCESS TO ! MEANS ( LIFE IS TO DEFEAT ! 
PRIM>Y OBJECT ( $UCATION4 ,IT IS TO DISCIPL9E !M AS VICTIMS ( A 
CONDITION ?AT NOT ONLY DOES NOT ADAPT !M TO ! REALITIES ( LIFE1 
BUT MAKES !M OBLIVI\S TO ! REALITIES AB\T !M :I* WORK TO 
!IR DE/RUCTION4 
  ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,$UCATION 
   

,WORK]S' 
$UCATION IS1 ( NECESSITY1 AN $UCATION 9 CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,IT IS 
SO BECAUSE ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE 9 :I* !Y >E BORN & )\T 
ADAPTATION TO :I* !Y CAN NOT SURVIVE1 IS [N$ & CONTROLL$ BY A 
DI/9CT CLASS--! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,IF ! TRU? IS TAU<T TO ! 
WORK+ CLASS IT MU/ REVEAL TO !M ! *>ACT] ( ?AT FUNCTION 
:I* !Y P]=M 9 ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE4 ,IT MU/ %[ !M H[ ! 
ECONOMIC /RUCTURE WORKS 9 ALL ITS P>TS4 ,IT MU/ ANALYZE ! WORK+ 
( ! PITILESS MA*9E & R$UCE TO EXACT MEASUREM5T ! B5EFITS 
:I* !Y AS SELL]S ( LABOR P[]--!IR 9EVITABLE LOT--RECEIVE2 & 
:AT ! O!R CLASS --! [N]S ( ! /RUCTURE--RECEIVE4 ,IF IT DOES 
NOT REVEAL ?IS IT FAILS TO $UCATE AT ALL4 ,IT MIS-$UCATES & 
DECEIVES4 ,IT CREATES A FALSE CONCEPT ( ! WORLD & ( SOCIAL 
RELATION%IPS4 ,IT PREP>ES !M = HELPLESS EXPLOITATION & 
VICTIMIZATION4 ,IF ! FACTS ( SOCIETY >E TAU<T TO ! WORK] HE JU/ 
9EVITABLY BECOMES CLASS CONSCI\S4 
   

,! NECESSITY ( CLASS 
$UCATION IS IMPOS$ UPON ! WORK+ CLASS BY ! FACTS ( 9DU/RY4 
,?AT /RIV+ T[>D LIFE--! WILL TO LIVE--:I* IS 9H]5T 9 EV]Y 
LIV+ CELL ( LIFE1 MAKES IT NECESS>Y TO $UCATE ! WORK]S 9 
MATT]S ?AT >E DELET]I\S TO !IR HEAL?1 DETRIM5TAL TO !IR 
LIVES & RE/RICTIVE ( !IR *ANCES ( SURVIVAL4 ,! CAPITALI/ 
SY/EM OR ANY SY/EM 9 :I* ONE CLASS LIVES AT ! EXP5SE ( & BY 
! DELIB]ATE EXPLOITATION ( ANO!R1 IS OPPOS$ TO ! *ANCES ( 
SURVIVAL ( ! WORK]S4 ,!IR LIVES >E LIV$ AT A HAZ>D BY ! 
IMPOSITION ( ADV]SE WORK+ & LIV+ CONDITIONS4 ,!IR MEAG] %>E 
9 ! SOCIAL DIVISION ( ! WEAL? PRODUC$ BY !IR LABOR IS 
9SUFFICI5T TO SU/A9 LIFE4 ,! HAZ>D ( EXI/5CE IS 9CREAS$ BY 
!IR FUNCTION 9 ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE AS WORK]S :ILE ?AT ( ! 
[N+ CLASS IS R$UC$ AT ! EXP5SE ( ! WORK]S4 ,LIFE 9SURANCE 
& HEAL? /ATI/ICS PROVE ?IS TO BE A FACT--A REALITY4 ,TO NEGLECT 
9/RUCTION 9 SU* VITAL FACTS IS TO MIS-$UCATE4 ,& TO FAIL TO 
ATTRIBUTE ! FACTS CIT$ TO !IR CAUSE--A CLASS SY/EM 9 SOCIETY--IS 
TO LIE BY SUPPRESSION ( ! TRU?4 ,?AT IS :Y $UCATION 9 CLASS 
CONSCI\SNESS IS NECESS>Y4 
   

,CLASS SY/EMS >E NOT ET]NAL4 
,!Y >E AN 9CID5T 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! HUMAN FAMILY4 ,CLASS DIVISION 
IS AT W> ) ! BIOLOGICAL =CES ?AT MAKE = RACE SURVIVAL4 ,?AT 
IS :Y EV]Y CLASS SY/EM 9 SOCIETY HAS ULTIMATELY BE5 OV]?R[N BY 
REVOLUTION4 ,?AT IS :Y ! GR[? ( ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE1 :I* IS 
A ?+ DI/9CT & SEP>ATE FROM ! RACE ITSELF1 HAS REVEAL$ A 
CON/ANT T5D5CY TO WID5 ! SCOPE ( ! RUL+ CLASS & TO EMBRACE 
AN EV] WID5+ NUMB] ( ! RACE4 ,MOD]N HI/ORY IS A COMP>ATIVELY 
BRIEF SPAN ( YE>S COMP>$ TO ! BIOLOGICAL AGES4 ,IT IS A P]IOD ( 
SOME FEW ?\S& YE>S AS CONTRA/$ ) ! MILLIONS ( YE>S 9 
:I* ! RACE WAS DEVELOP+ FROM ! FIR/L+S ( HUMAN K9D4 ,IT 
EM]GES AT ITS DAWN FROM A /AGE ( PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM 9 :I* ! 
9DIVIDUAL WAS SUPREME4 ,IT BEG9S ! BUILD+ ( A SOCIAL ECONOMIC 
/RUCTURE4 ,IT GA9S SECURITY ( EXI/5CE BY SACRIFIC+ 9DIVIDUAL 
LIB]TY4 ,BUT EV]MORE ?R\<\T ! COMP>ATIVELY BRIEF P]IOD 9 
:I* ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE HAS BE5 9 PROCESS ( EVOLUTION1 ! 
BIOLOGICAL =CES HAVE BE5 AT W> ) ! CLASS =MS4 ,REVOLUTION 
AFT] REVOLUTION HAS BROAD5$ ! RUL+ CLASS L9ES & ADMITT$ AN 
9CREAS+ NUMB] ( ! RACE TO OPPORTUNITY4 ,! SLAVE [N+ 
PATRICIAN GAVE WAY BE=E A MORE NUM]\S CLASS--! FEUDAL NOBILITY2 
! FEUDAL NOBILITY 9 TURN WAS OV]?R[N BY A MORE NUM]\S CLASS--! 
B\RGEOISIE2 ! 9CREAS+ NUMB]S ( ! PROLET>IAT >E *ALL5G+ 
! B\RGEOISIE = CONTROL ( ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE1 & ! CLASS 
L9ES HAVE A T5D5CY TO BROAD5 & DISAPPE> 9 A F9AL CLASSLESS 
SOCIETY 9 :I* ! WORK]S WILL BE ! ONLY CLASS1 EMBRAC+ ! 
5TIRE HUMAN FAMILY1 ) [N]%IP & CONTROL ( ! MEANS ( LIFE 9 
! H&S ( ! COLLECTIVITY4 ,?IS IS ! F9AL SOLUTION ( SOCIAL 
PROBLEMS--9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY4 
  ,PASS+ ( ,CLASS ,SY/EMS 
   

,! 
NECESSITY ?AT GAVE RISE TO CLASSES 9 SOCIETY HAS PASS$4 ,! SOCIAL 
ECONOMIC /RUCTURE IS FAIRLY COMPLETE4 ,ITS CAPACITY TO PRODUCE WEAL? 
HAS 9CREAS$ TO A PO9T :]E IT IS MORE ?AN AMPLE TO PROVIDE 
SU/5ANCE = ALL :O WILL WORK4 ,! MASSES HAVE BE5 DISCIPL9$ TO 
USE ! SOCIAL MA*9]Y SOCIALLY )\T CO]CION4 ,! ONLY AN>*IC 
SURVIVALS >E ! RUL+ CLASS & !IR P>ASITIC EXI/5CE4 
,PRODUCTION HAS BE5 SOCIALIZ$4 ,IT REMA9S ONLY TO SOCIALIZE CONTROL ( 
! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE & ELIM9ATE EXPROPRIATION4 
   

,WORK]S' 
$UCATION COMPREH5DS ?IS \TL9E4 ,ITS PURPOSE IS TO TEA* ! FACTS 
( 9DU/RY 9/EAD ( ! SLAVE MORALITY ( ! B\RGEOIS S*OOLS4 ,ITS 
TE*NICAL TRA9+ IS TO DEVELOP TE*NIQUE1 = ! CO-ORD9ATION ( 
! PRODUCTIVE =CES 9 PRODUCTION = USE & NOT = ! MA9T5ANCE 
( A USELESS CLASS ( CAPITALI/ P>ASITES4 ,IT IS TO R5D] $UCATION A 
VITAL1 LIV+1 NE$FUL ?+ ?AT MAKES = HUMAN SURVIVAL 9/EAD ( 
SUPPRESSION4 ,IT IS TO DEVELOP ! SPIRIT ( FRE$OM & DEMOCRACY 
)\T :I* ! RACE CAN MAKE NO PROGRESS4 
   

,! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 IS 5GAG$ 9 ?IS TASK BECAUSE IT IS ONE ( ! 
NECESS>Y FUNCTIONS 9 WORK+ CLASS PROGRESS4 ,IT IS ! LI<T-BE>] 
( MOD]N DEMOCRACY--9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,IT IS1 LIKE EV]Y PROGRESSIVE 
=CE 9 SOCIETY1 OPPOS$ BY ! CLASS ANTAGONISMS ( AN \TWORN SY/EM 
( RUL+ CLASS $UCATION 9 0SOCIAL CONTROL40 ,IT IS DEVOT$ TO REALISM 
& SCI5TIFIC TRU?4 ,IT IS OPPOS$ TO CLASS FICTIONS & ILLUSIONS4 ,IT 
IS PURELY MAT]IALI/IC4 ,ITS PURPOSE IS TO /RIP ! SOCIAL /RUCTURE 
( ALL ITS TRADITIONAL MY?S & LAY ITS /RUCTURE & ITS WORK+S 
B>E4 ,IT IS TO TRA9 ! WORK+ CLASS M9D & H& TO FRE$OM FROM 
RUL+ CLASS CONTROL & EXPLOITATION--TO 5ABLE ! WORK+ CLASS TO 
MA/] ! WORLD & CONTROL IT 9 ! 9T]E/ ( MANK9D4 ,IT IS TO 
5ABLE !M TO 0BUILD ! /RUCTURE ( ! NEW SOCIETY )9 ! %ELL 
( ! OLD40 
   

,TO ACCOMPLI% ?IS IT C>RIES ON ITS WORK ( 
$UCATION BY ! MEANS ?AT LIE TO H&--?R\< ITS PAP]S1 PAMPHLETS1 
LECTURE BUREAUS1 & ?R\< ITS FIR/ E/ABLI%$ COLLEGE1 ! ,WORK 
,PEOPLES ,COLLEGE ( ,DULU?4 ,BUT MORE POT5T /ILL IS ! $UCATION IT 
C>RIES ON AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION1 ON ! JOB4 
   

,IT 
9T]PRETS ! PH5OM5A ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE AS !Y DEVELOP 9 ! 
=M ( /RIKES & LOCK-\TS4 ,IT TRACES !IR ORIG9S4 ,IT 9/RUCTS 
! WORK]S 9 ! NATURE ( ORGANIZATION & ITS PURPOSES4 ,IT %[S 
!M H[ TO ADAPT ORGANIZATION TO ! *ANG+ ECONOMIC /RUCTURE TO 
! 5D ( BUILD+ UP P[] 9 ! WORK]S' H&S4 ,IT IS DEVELOP+ 
! 9/ITUTIONS ( WORK+ CLASS CONTROL ( ! WORLD ?R\< ITS JOB 
COMMITTEES1 DI/RICT C\NCILS1 BUS9ESS MEET+S1 REF]5DUMS & 
CONV5TIONS4 ,IT IS /RIV+ T[>D REALI/IC CO-ORD9ATION ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS =CES 9 ! /RUGGLE = P[]4 ,IT IS PLA/IC1 
EXPANSIVE1 FREE1 DEMOCRATIC1 PROGRESSIVE4 ,IT IS ! ADVANCE GU>D ( 
?AT RIS+ PROLET>IAT :I* IS PREP>+ TO TAKE OV] ! MEANS ( 
PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! HUMAN RACE & TO 
BANI% EXPLOITATION & SLAV]Y ( M9D & BODY =EV] FROM ! HUMAN 
SC5E4 
   

  ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,R,E,L,A,T,I,O,N,S ,( ,! ,I4,W4,W4 
  ,BY ,J,O,S,E,P,H ,W,A,G,N,] 
  ,WRIT] & ,ONE ( ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,F\ND]S 
   

,EV]Y?+ 
9 ! UNIV]SE1 FROM ATOMS TO SOL> SY/EMS1 IS CONT9UALLY MOV+1 
*ANG+1 TRANS=M+1 DEVELOP+2 LIKEWISE ! HI/ORY ( ! HUMAN 
RACE IS NO?+ BUT A CEASELESS *ANGE1 A CONT9U\S DEVELOPM5T4 ,9 
! C\RSE ( ITS HI/ORY CLASSES >E =M$2 !SE CLASSES CONT9UALLY 
/RUGGLE = SUPREMACY &1 AFT] PROLONG$ /RUGGLE1 ONE CLASS 
SUCCE$S ANO!R 9 ! DOM9AT+ POSITION4 ,! /RUGGLE CONT9UES 
UNTIL CLASS DIVISIONS !MSELVES >E DISSOLV$ & A NEW1 CLASSLESS 
SOCIETY RESULTS4 
   

,BUT AL?\< !SE /RUGGLES & *ANGES >E 
CEASELESS1 ! APP>5T VELOCITY ( !SE MOTIONS GREATLY V>IES AT 
DIFF]5T P]IODS4 ,!RE >E TIMES :5 :OLE S]IES ( IMPORTANT 
*ANGES TAKE1 PLACE SO RAPIDLY AS TO TAKE ONE'S BREA? AWAY1 TO BE 
FOLL[$ BY LONG P]IODS ( APP>5T /AGNATION1 :5 SOCIAL EVOLUTION 
SEEMS NOT ONLY TO BE /&+ /ILL BUT EV5 TO BE GO+ BACKW>D4 ,( 
C\RSE1 ?IS IS ONLY AN ILLUSION1 =1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 HI/ORICAL 
=CES >E CONT9UALLY AT WORK1 ONLY !IR MANIFE/ATIONS >E ( A MORE 
SPECTACUL> NATURE AT ONE TIME ?AN AT ANO!R4 
   

,WE HAVE 
WITNESS$ SU* A RAPID MOV+ P]IOD IMM$IATELY AFT] ! WORLD W>1 
:5 ! CONVULSIONS ( OLD SOCIETY APPE>$ TO BE ! BIR? PANGS ( 
! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ( ! PROLET>IAN COMMONWEAL?4 
   

,ANO!R1 
?\< SOME:AT LESS SPECTACUL> P]IOD WAS ?AT BEG9N+ ) ! 
PRES5T C5TURY4 ,AFT] HALF A C5TURY ( *AF+ UND] ! TUTELAGE ( 
POLITICIANS1 ! WORK+ CLASS WAS SUDD5LY %[+ SIGNS ( MATURITY1 
& ( WANT+ TO LEAD A LIFE 9DEP5D5T ( ITS FO/]-P>5TS1 ! 
SOCIALI/ POLITICIANS4 
   

,! ,FR5* LABOR UNIONS1 AT ! TIME1 
NOT ONLY BROKE COMPLETELY ) ALL POLITICAL P>TY ACTIVITY BUT 
ACTUALLY LAID D[N ! BASIS ( :AT IS KN[N AS REVOLUTION>Y 
SYNDICALISM4 ,! MA9 TEA*+S ( ?IS S*OOL W]E3 7#a7 LABOR UNIONS1 
BY ! USE ( DIRECT ACTION1 >E ALL-SUFFICI5T TO C>RY ON ! 
EV]YDAY /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S AGA9/ !IR EMPLOY]S2 7#b7 LABOR 
UNIONS1 US+ DIRECT ACTION1 >E ! ONLY WEAPON ! WORK]S HAVE = 
! OV]?R[ ( ! PRES5T SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION2 & 7#c7 LABOR 
UNIONS >E ! ONLY ORGANS CAPABLE ( C>RY+ ON PRODUCTION & 
DI/RIBUTION AFT] ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM IS ABOLI%$4 
   

,! 
IDEA TOOK SO WELL ) ! ,FR5* WORK]S ?AT 9 A V]Y FEW YE>S NO 
LONG] ! OLD TRADITIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 BUT ! ,G5]AL 
,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR WAS ! REAL OPPOSITION =CE CONFRONT+ ! 
,FR5* RUL+ CLASS4 ,PULL+ (F SEV]AL DI/RICT & G5]AL /RIKES 
9 QUICK SUCCESSION1 & COMPLETELY P>ALYZ+ ! 9DU/RIAL & 
COMM]CIAL LIFE ( ,FRANCE1 ! ,G4 ,C4 ( ,L4 WAS ABLE TO TREAT DIRECTLY 
) ! GOV]NM5T & TO DICTATE T]MS TO IT4 
   

,AFT] HALF A 
C5TURY ( UNSUCCESSFUL /RUGGLE--PACIFI/IC AT TIMES & BLOODILY 
T]RORI/IC AT O!R TIMES--L$ BY POLITICIANS AGA9/ CZ>ISM1 ! 
,RUSSIAN WORK]S CAME TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT M$IEVAL CZ>I/ DESPOTISM 
C\LD BE CONFRONT$ & DEFEAT$ ONLY BY ! ORGANIZ$ MI<T ( ! 
ECONOMIC P[] ( ! ,RUSSIAN WAGE WORK]S4 ,ACTION FOLL[+ ?\<T1 
! WORLD WAS SOON AMAZ$ AT ! MAGNITUDE & RESULTS ( ! 
REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES ( ,RUSSIA4 
   

,! SPIRIT ( 9DEP5D5CE 
( LABOR UNIONS FROM POLITICAL P>TY TUTELAGE WAS MORE OR LESS 
EXPRESS+ ITSELF 9 ALL ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES4 ,EV5 9 ,G]MANY1 ! 
CLASSIC L& ( SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY1 ,BEBEL HAD TO REV]SE ! OLD DICTUM 
( HIS P>TY :I* WAS3 0,G5]AL /RIKE IS G5]AL NONS5SE10 & TO 
ADMIT ?AT ! G5]AL /RIKE WAS ONE ( ! MO/ POT5T WEAPONS ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS4 ,( C\RSE1 HE AM5D$ IT TO 0POLITICAL G5]AL /RIKE40 
   

,DUR+ 
! SAME P]IOD MI<TY & RAPID *ANGES W]E TAK+ PLACE 9 ! 
ALREADY HI<LY DEVELOP$ 9DU/RIAL LIFE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,GIGANTIC 
TRU/S & COMB9ES W]E SPR++ UP EV]Y:]E2 ! MIDDLE CLASS 
BE+ PU%$ TO ! WALL WAS PANIC /RICK52 ITS POLITICIANS >M$ ) 
POLITICAL POP-GUNS W5T \T 0TRU/ BU/+10 & ITS C\NT]P>T1 ! 
CRAFT UNION SY/EM ( ! C\NTRY1 WAS CRUMBL+ & FALL+ TO PIECES2 
! PROGRESSIVE ELEM5TS 9 ! CRAFT UNIONS W]E CLAMOR+ = A 
UNIONISM BAS$ ON NEW1 MOD]N PR9CIPLES4 ,SU* W]E ! SURR\ND+S 9 
:I* ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WAS BORN4 
  ,9T]NATIONAL ,9 ,CONCEPTION 
   

,FROM ITS V]Y 9CEPTION1 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WAS 9T]NATIONAL 9 S5TIM5T & SCOPE4 ,ITS NAME13 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 
WAS DELIB]ATELY *OS51 AFT] A CONSID]ABLE DEBATE ON ! FLOOR ( 
! 9ITIAL CONV5TION1 & AFT] AN AM5DM5T TO NAME IT ! 
0,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ,AM]ICA0 WAS VOT$ D[N4 ,! ,CONF]5CE ( 
9DU/RIAL UNIONI/S HELD 9 ,*ICAGO1 ,JANU>Y #a#i#e1 ELECT$ A COMMITTEE 
TO MAKE ! NECESS>Y >RANGEM5T = ! FIR/ CONV5TION4 ,?IS 
COMMITTEE WAS ALSO 9/RUCT$ TO WRITE TO ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS BAS$ 
ON CLASS /RUGGLE1 ( ALL C\NTRIES1 9VIT+ !M TO S5D DELEGATES TO 
! ,*ICAGO CONV5TION4 ,NONE S5T DELEGATES1 BUT ! G5]AL (FICES ( 
! LABOR UNIONS ( ,G]MANY1 ,AU/RALIA1 ,FRANCE & ,D5M>K ANSW]$1 
EXPRESS+ SYMPA?Y ) ! PURPOSES ( ! NEW ORGANIZATION4 
   

,%ORTLY 
AFT] ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WAS LAUN*$1 ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 GR\PS 
W]E =M$ 9 ,5GL&1 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 ,AU/RALIA & O!R PLACES1 
C>RY+ ! NEW MESSAGE TO ! WORK]S ( ! RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES1 
& 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES ! E/ABLI%$ UNIONS !MSELVES 5DORS$ ! 
PR9CIPLES ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 & (F]$ TO 5T] 9TO CLOSE 
RELATION%IP ) IT4 
   

,LAT] ON1 ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 SECTIONS1 
CALL$ ADM9I/RATIONS1 W]E =M$ 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES1 AMONG !M 9 
,AU/RALIA1 ,*ILI1 ,MEXICO1 ,SW$51 ,G]MANY4 ,ESPECIALLY ?R\< ! 
,M>9E ,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S' ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
W]E CONNECTIONS ) WORK]S ( O!R L&S MADE & MA9TA9$4 
   

,!SE 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ORGANIZATIONS1 \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 C>RI$ 
ON !IR WORK & GAVE GOOD ACC\NT ( !MSELVES4 ,TO M5TION ONLY A 
FEW 9/ANCES3 ,! PORT ( ! CITY ( ,TAMPICO1 ,MEXICO WAS COMPLETELY 
TI$ UP BY ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 ,JULY #a#i#b2 9 ,*ILI ! ,M>9E 
,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 MA9TA9$ A /RIKE = 
?REE MON?S 9 ORD] TO /OP ! EXPORTATION ( C]EALS NE$$ 9 ?AT 
C\NTRY1 BUT EXPORT$ BY ! PR(ITE]S2 ON ,JULY #bb A MEET+ AT 
,SANTIAGO1 ,*ILI WAS RAID$1 & A LONG REIGN ( T]ROR WAS E/ABLI%$ 
9 ?AT C\NTRY1 ?R[+ BACK = A TIME ORGANIZATION WORK !RE4 
   

,! 
,AU/RALIAN ,ADM9I/RATION ( !4 ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 
#aiaa & IT MADE /EADY PROGRESS UNTIL ! W> BROKE \T4 ,! W> & 
PATRIOTIC HY/]IA FURNI%$ A GOOD EXCUSE TO ! MA/] CLASS & ITS 
POLITICAL FLUNKIES TO ATTEMPT TO DE/ROY ! HAT$ ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
,9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#a#e1 ,TOM ,B>K]1 $ITOR ( \R ORGAN1 0,DIRECT ,ACTION10 
WAS S5T5C$ TO #ab MON?S = WRIT+3 0,CAPITALI/S Y\R C\NTRY NE$S 
Y\4 ,WORK]S FOLL[ Y\R MA/]S60 ,DUE TO ! PROTE/S RAIS$ BY ! 
,AU/RALIAN WORK]S1 ,B>K] WAS RELEAS$ AFT] SEV5 DAYS4 ,HE WAS AGA9 
>RE/$ 9 ,M>* ! FOLL[+ YE> & S5T5C$ TO #ab MON?S1 = 
HIS ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ACTIVITY2 BUT AGA91 DUE TO POPUL> 
DEMON/RATIONS ( PROTE/ HE WAS RELEAS$ 9 ,AUGU/4 ,A SY/EMATIC RAID 
& P]SECUTION WAS 9AUGURAT$ AGA9/ ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 & 
F9ALLY IT LOOK$ LIKE ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WAS PUT \T ( BUS9ESS 
=EV]2 BUT ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,AU/RALIAN FELL[ WORK]S HAS BE5 
REVIV$ & IS GO+ AT FULL SW+ AT ?IS WRIT+4 
  ,ATTEMPTS ,TO ,=M ,AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,( ,ACTION 
   

,9 
! PRE-W> P]IOD 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS ( ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS 
W]E ( ! LOOSE/ K9D4 ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES & TRADE UNION 
ORGANIZATIONS W]E LOOSELY CONNECT$ 9TO A ,SOCIALI/ & ,LABOR 
,9T]NATIONAL1 HOLD+ ,CONGRESSES EV]Y FEW YE>S1 :I* W]E1 H>DLY 
MORE ?AN ORATORICAL GAB-FEA/S4 ,!RE1 WAS ALSO AN ,9T]NATIONAL 
,SECRET>IAT ( ! TRADE UNIONS1 :OSE FUNCTION WAS TO S]VE AS A 
C5TRAL 9=MATION BUREAU = ! UNIONS ( ! DIFF]5T C\NTRIES1 
TO COMPILE /ATI/ICS1 ETC4 ,! SYNDICALI/ UNIONS ( V>I\S C\NTRIES 
W]E JU/ PREP>+ = ! =MATION ( AN ,9T]NATIONAL ( LABOR 
UNIONS1 :5 ! WORLD W> BROKE \T1 & ?AT1 ( C\RSE1 PREV5T$ 
ANY FUR!R PROGRESS 9 ?AT DIRECTION1 AT LEA/ = ! TIME BE+4 
,! W> ALSO SEV]$ ! SL5D] TIES EXI/+ ?R\< ! ,SOCIALI/ 
& ,LABOR ,9T]NATIONAL & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SECRET>IAT ( ,LABOR 
,UNIONS4 ,!RE=E AT ! CONCLUSION ( ! W>1 ! WORK]S W]E 
CONFRONT$ ) ! NECESSITY ( CREAT+ NEW 9T]NATIONAL ORGANS4 
   

,BUT 
AFT]-W> CONDITIONS W]E MAT]IALLY DIFF]5T FROM PRE-W> CONDITIONS4 
,! W> EXIG5CIES NECESSITAT$ MASS PRODUCTION1 :I* MEANT 
C5TRALIZATION ( 9DU/RY2 ! /ATE P[] ( ALL BELLIG]5T 
C\NTRIES WAS US$ TO HA/5 ! TRANS=MATION FROM SMALL CAPITALI/ 
PRODUCTION TO ! 0,AM]ICAN0SY/EM4 ,CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION HAD MADE 
GIANT /RIDES T[>DS 9T]NATIONALIZATION ( ! PROCESSES ( 
PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION & EXPLOITATION ( LABOR4 ,?IS MADE IT EASY 
= WORK]S EV]Y:]E TO SEE ! NECESSITY ( LABOR ORGANIZATION ON AN 
9T]NATIONAL SCALE1 EV5 AS ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HAD E>LI] 
CONT5D$4 ,& IT WAS ALSO APP>5T ?AT ! NEW 9T]NATIONAL HAD TO 
BE AN ORGANIZATION ( ACTION1 NOT ( M]E PHRASE P$DL+1 OR ( M]E 
BUREAU = COMPIL+ /ATI/ICS4 
   

,! CONS]VATIVE-RE=MI/IC 
LABOR UNIONS1 ) ! AID ( !IR SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC LEAD]S SOON 
CONSOLIDAT$ 9TO ! ,AM/]DAM ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,BUT AL?\< ?IS WAS 
TOO REVOLUTION>Y = ,GOMP]S & HIS ,A4 ,F4 ( ,L41 NEI!R ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 NOR O!R REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S W\LD HAVE ANY?+ 
TO DO ) IT4 ,! NECESSITY = A WORLD REVOLUTION>Y LABOR 
9T]NATIONAL WAS /ILL APP>5T4 
   

,FROM AMONG ! SICK5+ 
FAILURES & BETRAYALS ( ! ,SOCIALI/S & LABOR LEAD]S DUR+ ! 
WORLD W>1 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4--BO? 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & 
ABROAD--/OOD \T CONSPICU\SLY AS AN UNCOMPROMIS+ *AMPION ( 
PROLET>IAN PR9CIPLES4 ,ITS PRE/IGE WAS HI< AMONG ! CLASS CONSCI\S 
WORK]S ( ! WORLD1 & ! W> HAV+ 5D$1 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
WAS EXPECT$ TO TAKE1 ! LEAD 9 ! RECON/RUCTION ( ! 
9T]NATIONAL LABOR FRONT4 ,! MEMB]%IP ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
W]E AW>E ( ! SITUATION2 ! #aib ,G5]AL ,CONV5TION 9/RUCT$ ! 
,G5]AL ,EXECUTIVE ,BO>D TO TAKE IMM$IATE /EPS T[>DS CALL+ 
TOGE!R AN 9T]NATIONAL CONF]5CE ( REVOLUTION>Y LABOR UNIONS 9 
ORD] TO =M AN 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION4 ,BUT SOME DI/URB+ 
FACTORS 9T]V5$4 
  ,POLITICAL ,M$DL+S 
   

,! 
DISILLUSION$ & BETRAY$ SOCIALI/ WORK]S ( ALL C\NTRIES RALLI$ 
TO ! CALL ( ! ,RUSSIAN SOCIALI/S & =M$ A NEW 9T]NATIONAL 
7,?IRD7 ( POLITICAL P>TIES ) HEADQU>T]S AT ,MOSC[4 ,TO ?IS BODY 
FLOCK$1 BESIDES S9C]E SOCIALI/S1 A HORDE ( ADV5TUR]S & 
BUCCANE]S1 :OSE AMBITION WAS TO SECURE CONTROL OV] ! WORK]S' 
ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! V>I\S C\NTRIES4 ,!SE WOR?IES SAW ! MOVES ( 
! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 & O!R REVOLUTION>Y UNIONS1 & !Y W5T TO 
WORK TO NULLIFY AS MU* AS POSSIBLE ! WORK ( 9DU/RIALI/S4 ,?US1 
BY ! TIME ! CONF]5CE CALL$ BY ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 & 
SYNDICALI/S WAS TO MEET 9 ,B]L91 ANO!R CALL WAS ISSU$ FROM 
,MOSC[1 CALL+ ALSO = ! =MATION ( A LABOR UNION 9T]NATIONAL4 
   

,NOT 
WI%+ TO DIVIDE ! PROLET>IAN =CES1 & NOT SUSPECT+ ! 
S9C]ITY ( ! ,MOSC[ CALL1 ! ,B]L9 DELEGATES1 AFT] DISCUSS+ 
AMONG !MSELVES !IR COMMON ATTITUDE1 DECID$ TO PO/PONE !IR [N 
CONF]5CE & TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! ,MOSC[ CONV5TION4 ,BUT1 TO !IR 
SORR[1 !Y DISCOV]$ ?AT ! SO-CALL$ ,LABOR ,UNION ,9T]NATIONAL1 
SPONSOR$ BY ,MOSC[1 WAS TO BE NO MORE ?AN A SUBORD9ATE SECTION ( 
! POLITICAL ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,YET1 9 SPITE ( ?AT1 ! DELEGATES 
( MANY LABOR UNIONS REMA9$ 9 IT1 HOP+ ?AT ! FAULTS C\LD BE 
REM$I$ LAT] FROM )94 ,!Y F\ND \T !IR MI/AKE :5 IT WAS 
TOO LATE1 & ONLY LIQUIDATION & DISRUPTION AWAIT$ !IR 
ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?US W]E ! POLITICIANS ABLE TO SPLIT ! RANKS ( ! 
REVOLUTION>Y LABOR UNIONS4 
   

,LAT]1 ! SYNDICALI/ 
ORGANIZATIONS CAME TOGE!R & ORGANIZ$ !IR [N 0,9T]NATIONAL 
,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION10 ) HEADQU>T]S 9 ,B]L94 ,H[EV]1 BY 
ALL[+ ! ,MOSC[ F>CE TO TAKE PLACE BE=E !IR [N ORGANIZATION 
WAS EFFECT$1 !Y LO/ A GOOD DEAL ( SUPPORT1 & W]E ?US 
RE/RICT$ TO /RICTLY SYNDICALI/ & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ 
ORGANIZATIONS1 MO/LY AN>*I/4 ,?US A GOOD *ANCE = BR++ 
TOGE!R ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y NONPOLITICAL LABOR UNIONS WAS LO/4 
  ,PRES5T ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,POSITION 
   

,! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 BE+ NEI!R A CRAFT1 A POLITICAL NOR A /RICTLY 
SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION1 IS AFFILIAT$ ) NEI!R ( ! ?REE 
,9T]NATIONALS4 ,BE+ BY PR9CIPLE OPPOS$ TO POLITICAL BUNK & TO 
CRAFT =M ( ORGANIZATION1 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 F9DS ITSELF 9 
OPPOSITION TO BO? ! ,AM/]DAM 
& ,MOSC[ ,9T]NATIONALS4 ,IT IS 9 FRI5DLY RELATIONS ) ?AT ( 
,B]L91 & IS WILL+ TO CO-OP]ATE ) ! UNIONS COMPOS+ IT1 
:5EV] ! OCCASION PRES5TS ITSELF4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ITS EXI/5CE1 
! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ALWAYS SUPPORT$ EV]Y /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S 
AGA9/ ! MA/] CLASS EV]Y:]E1 9DIFF]5T TO :AT UNION ! 
/RUGGL+ WORK]S >E AFFILIAT$ )4 
   

,!RE >E 
REVOLUTION>Y LABOR UNION BODIES 9 EV]Y 9DU/RIALLY DEVELOP$ 
C\NTRY1 ?AT LIKE ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 CANNOT ID5TIFY !MSELVES 
) EI!R ( ! PRES5T ,9T]NATIONALS4 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 DEEMS 
IT ITS DUTY TO KEEP 9 T\* ) !SE BODIES1 TO DISCUSS ) !M 
\R DIFF]5CES ( TACTICS1 PROGRAMS1 ETC4 ,?IS HAS BE5 DONE 9 LATE 
YE>S & WE DISCOV]$ ?AT ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 PROGRAM IS RECEIV$ 
FAVORABLY 9 ! ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES4 
   

,?IS FRI5DLY 9T]C\RSE 
& 9T]-DISCUSSIONS IS B\ND TO RESULT 9 A CLOS] UNITY & 9 A 
MORE EXT5SIVE COOP]ATION1 & WILL EV5TUALLY LEAD TO ORGANIC UNITY 
( !SE BODIES 9T]NATIONALLY4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT :5 A MEASURE ( 
ORGANIZATION ON ?IS L9E IS ACCOMPLI%$1 A UNION ) ! ,B]L9 
,9T]NATIONAL WILL ALSO TAKE PLACE4 ,= :ILE ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 
HAS NO LOGICAL PLACE 9 A PURELY SYNDICALI/ & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ 
,9T]NATIONAL1 ! 5TRANCE ( A L>G] NUMB] ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONS 
9TO IT W\LD ALT] ITS *>ACT] ( 0PURITY01 & W\LD TRANS=M IT 
9TO SOME?+ LIKE ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 :]E AN>*I/S1 
SOCIALI/S & O!R I/S CAN WORK TOGE!R 9 H>MONY1 = A COMMON 
PROGRAM4 
   

,SPECIFICALLY ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 IS ! RESULT ( 
HI<LY C5TRALIZ$ ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM4 ,?IS P>TICUL> =M & 
SUB/ANCE ( CAPITALISM IS SPREAD+ RAPIDLY ALL OV] ! WORLD4 ,& AS 
%AD[ FOLL[S ! BODY1 SO ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 %\LD & WILL 
FOLL[ CAPITALISM TO ! F>!/ REA*ES ( ! E>?4 
   

,IT IS 
SAID ?AT CAPITALISM IS PRODUC+ ITS [N GRAVE DIGG]S2 !SE GRAVE 
DIGG]S %\LD BE UNION M5 & !Y %\LD C>RY ! R$ C>DS ( ! 
,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD4 
   

  ,A,T ,! ,C,R,O,S,S,R,O,A,D,S 
  ,BY ,J,O,H,N ,A4 ,G,A,H,A,N 
  ,$ITOR ( ,9DU/RIAL ,SOLID>ITY 
   

,WE 
HAVE WRIGGL$1 CRAWL$1 /UMBL$1 /AGG]$1 SPORT$1 M>*$ FROM 
PRIMORDIAL SLIME TO ! ?RE%OLD ( TELEVISION4 ,ANIMALI/IC CRIES ( 
! GIBB]+ >BOREAL BEA/ RISE TO LYRIC BEAUTY 9 ,BORI & ,SMIRNOV4 
,EVOLVES ! TOMTOM'S SAVAGE MONOTONE TO POLYPHONIC EC/ASIES BE=E ! 
BATON ( ,/OK[SKI4 ,ACROSS SKIES %OOT AIRPLANES AT SIX MILES A M9UTE2 
,AM]ICA IS SPANN$ BY MAN'S W+$ WOND] 9 F\RTE5 H\RS4 ,TO ! SEA 
HE RETURNS1 :5CE CAME HIS E>LIE/ LIFE-BE>+ ANCE/ORS--BUT HE 
RETURNS 9 RIGID SUBM]SIBLES1 LEVIA?ANS ( /EEL & SPE$1 
9COMP>ABLY MI<TI] ?AN ALL ?AT DWELL 9 ! WAT]S4 ,OR TAK+ 
CUNN+LY ANNEAL$ GLASS MASSES1 HE BEHOLDS A C\NTLESS >RAY ( 
WORLDS1 MANY MILLIONS ( LI<T YE>S DI/ANT4 ,!SE :IRL+ WORLDS1 
F>-FLUNG ?R\< 9F9ITE SPACE1 HE WEI<S1 ANALYZES1 POND]S4 ,!IR 
ORBITS >E *>T$1 !IR AGES GAUG$1 !IR SPE$S COMPUT$ FROM HIS 
VIGIL ON LONELY M\NTA9 PEAK OR DES]T REA*4 ,PE]+ ?R\< O!R 
>TFUL FABRICATIONS ( ! GLASS MAK]1 HE WAT*ES ANO!R SIL5T 
UNIV]SE1 9F9ITESIMALLY SMALL1 A UNIV]SE ( MICRO-ORGANISMS4 ,9 
G]MS HE SEES T]RIFIC =CES ?AT SC\RGE & SLAY4 ,HAV+ SE5 ! 
P]ILS HE LE>NS IMMUNITIES & CURES4 ,! SAME 9/RUM5T REVEALS TO 
! FASC9AT$ EYES ( A ,RU!R=D WOND]S ( 5]GY JAIL$ 9 ATOMIC 
PRISONS1 ! ELECTRONIC PROMISE ?AT1 ONCE H>NESS$1 =EV] FREES MAN 
FROM AGE-OLD DRUDG]Y & R5D]S GROTESQUE \R TITAN MA*9ES1 FIT 
!N ONLY AS MUSEUM PIECES4 
   

,?9K NOT1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! 
WRIT] HAS BECOME 9OCULAT$ ) ! VIRUS ( ! ,AM]ICAN MASSES' 
5DEMIC OPTIMISM = VIC>I\S PROSP]ITY4 ,?IS SEEM+ PEAN ( MAN'S 
M>VEL\S A*IEVEM5TS IS SUNG ONLY BECAUSE 9CALCULABLE POSSIBILITIES 
DEP5D ON ?AT EVOLUTION>Y RECORD4 ,! CONCOMITANT HI/ORY ( MASS 
5SLAVEM5T 5DUR+ TO ! ?RICE BLESS$ YE> ( ,LI<T & ,\R ,LORD 
#aic IS MORE CRUEL1 MORE DAMNABLE ?AN ALL ! TORTURES ?AT MI<T BE 
CONCEIV$ 9 ! TWI/$1 FANATIC BRA9 ( A ,TORQUEMADA OR A 
,MASSA*USETTS DI/RICT ATTORNEY4 
   

,NE$ WE UNE>? A LONG-BURI$ 
PA/ TO CORROBORATE ?IS *>GE ( 9IQUITY ?AT \R GOOD PATRIOTS & 
O!R NICE1 RESPECTABLE PEOPLE WILL F9D SO 9IQUIT\S8 ,H>DLY4 ,! 
S\ND ( EV]Y FACTORY :I/LE IS A %RIEK ( VIOL5CE4 ,WE NE$ BUT 
HE> IT UND]/&+LY TO KN[ ?IS1 = IT SUMMONS TO SLAV]Y ! 
HUMAN WORK ANIMALS4 ,WE NE$ BUT HE> 5DLESS1 TIR$ TRUDG+ ( 
MILLIONS ( LITTLE1 RAGG$ FEET GO+ TO ! MILLS & M9ES ( \R 
GR& ,REPUBLIC1 !RE TO BE 9CORPORAT$--BLOOD1 BONE1 HOPE1 LIFE1 
ALL--9TO COMMODITIES ?AT SELL = PR(ITS4 ,WE NE$ SIMPLY TO REFLECT 
?AT ( ! #b111 9HABITANTS ( T]RA FIRMA ALL BUT 
COMP>ATIVELY FEW >E HUNGRY1 >E 9SECURE1 >E IGNORANT1 >E SLAVES4 
,WE HAVE M]ELY TO REMEMB] ! CAPITALI/IC PLAYFULNESS ( #a#i#a#d-'#a#h1 9 
:I* MILLIONS UPON MILLIONS ( WORK+ CLASS M5 & BOYS W]E 
BUT*]$ & MAIM$1 :ILE MILLIONS MORE ( ! SLAVE POPULATIONS 
SUFF]$ VILE & FATAL DISEASES4 ,! %ELL-%OCK$ /ILL SCREAM1 & 
WILL /ILL BE SCREAM+ :5 ! 0'BE/ ( ALL POSSIBLE SY/EMS 9 ! 
BE/ ( ALL POSSIBLE WORDS0 AGA9 DRIVES \R K9D TO :OLESALE1 MURD] 
GLORIFI$ BY PATRIOTS AS 0CIVILIZ$ W>F>E10 SANCTIFI$ BY ! CL]GY 
AS 0CIVILIZ$ W>F>E10 & COMM]CIALIZ$ ?OR\<LY BY ! B\RSES1 
PITS1 CURBS & '*ANGES4 
   

,WE WRITE 9 ,AM]ICA ! ,PROSP]\S1 
! E>?'S RI*E/ L&1 MAT*LESS HAV5 ( OPPORTUNITY--:]E UND] 
! FOLDS ( H] />RY FLAG EI<T OR N9E MILLION WAGE SLAVES CAN NOT 
F9D MA/]S2 :]E AN EV] 9T5SIFY+ BATTLE = BREAD IS S5D+ 
EV] MORE TO F9D IT 9 LUNATIC ASYLUMS OR TO GRAVES :]E !Y %ALL 
NOT REQUIRE IT4 ,AM]ICA1 ! %[Y--:]E MONEY IS GOD & MO/ ( ! 
PEOPLE CONSEQU5TLY GODLESS4 ,:AT A WOND]FUL C\NTRY >E WE1 ) ALL 
( \R 9V5TIONS1 \R MA*9ES1 \R RADIOS1 \R MAMMO? FACTORIES & 
\R PEOPLE 9 ! MASS REGIM5T$ TO SAUSAGE-LIKE SAM5ESS1 A SAM5ESS 
( IGNORANCE1 DOCILITY1 S]VILITY1 %ODDY1 SCRAPS1 %ACKS & SPE$-UP6 
,?IS ,AM]ICA NE$S ANO!R ,WALT ,:ITMAN TO S+ IT4 ,\R F>M]S 9 
,I[A1 TOO POOR TO BUY COAL HAVE A WAY ( BURN+ CORN = FUEL2 \R 
M9]S SIT 9 !IR HOVEL HOMES IDLE1 & HUNGRY = ,I[A CORN4 ,WORK]S 
NE$ %OES1 & O!R WORK]S WANT TO PRODUCE !M1 BUT ,LYNN & 
,BROCKTON FACTORIES /AGNATE--BECAUSE Y\ DO NOT GET %OES UND] ! 
SUP]LATIVELY SANE CAPITALI/ SY/EM BECAUSE Y\ NE$ !M1 BUT :5 
Y\ HAVE ! PRICE TO PAY = !M4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS V]Y TANGIBLE4 
   

,PRODUCTION 
UND] CAPITALISM IS ANTI-SOCIAL4 ,IT IS ANTI-SOCIAL BECAUSE IT OP]ATES 
AGA9/ ! 9T]E/S ( ! PRODUC+ CLASS1 ! GREAT SOCIAL GR\P4 
,IT REFUSES TO ACT )\T ! MUSIC ( CL9K+ GOLD5 PR(ITS4 ,IT 
5DURES ON A SLAVE BASIS4 ,9 ITS MO/ ANTI-SOCIAL ASPECT IT CREATES 
BAYONETS1 BATTLE%IPS1 BULLETS & POLICE CLUBS1 TO SAY NO?+ ( ITS 
CRIM9AL CREATION ( MANSIONS = A P>ASITIC M9ORITY & *ANTIES = 
! USEFUL MANY4 ,?R\< ! PAGES ( ?IS UNIQUE PAMPHLET1 :I* ! 
WRIT] HAS C>EFULLY P]US$ 9 MANUSCRIPT1 EV]Y CONCEIVABLE >GUM5T1 
BRILLIANTLY PRES5T$ ) CLE>E/ LOGIC1 HAS BE5 ADVANC$ BY 
REVOLUTION>Y 9DU/RIAL UNION ?9K]S1 TO %[ :AT HAS TO BE DONE1 
TO MAKE PRODUCTION PRO-SOCIAL4 ,?IS WRIT] NE$ NOT WE>Y Y\ ) 
REPETITION4 ,WE MAY PR(ITABLY DWELL ON \R 9DICTM5T ( ! SY/EM4 
,:AT ONE WORD SUMS UP ! DAMNATION ( B\RGEOIS RULE8 ,HUNG]4 
   

,:AT 
A WORD--HUNG]--9 ! HUMAN UND]/&+6 ,WE R>ELY ?9K ( O!R ?AN 
! BELLY =M ( HUNG] BECAUSE ?AT IS SO ELEM5TAL1 & ! WORK]S 
HAVE EV] BE5 COMPELL$ TO FI<T SO DESP]ATELY TO ASSUAGE IT4 ,YET 9 
A WORLD :]E1 !RE IS SU* A DIV]SITY ( BEAUTY 9 F9E MUSIC1 
DRAMA1 SCULPTURE1 LETT]S & O!R >TS & SCI5CES CONDUC+ TO 
MAN'S ES!TIC1 EMOTIONAL & 9TELLECTUAL GOOD1 DEPRIVATION ( !SE 
SATISFACTIONS IS A V]Y REAL SORT ( HUNG] = ?OSE ) ! FA9TE/ 
APPETITE = !M4 ,BUT :AT CAN ! DEGRADATION1 ! D5IAL BE CALL$ 
?AT GOES SO DEEP ?AT IT R5D]S MO/ ( ! SLAVES 9S5SIBLE EV5 TO 
!IR ASPIRATION8 ,H[ LONG C\LD ?IS MON/R\S CAPITALISM SURVIVE IF 
! WORK]S UND]/OOD !IR LOSS & RES5T$ IT8 ,CAPITALISM IS 
SYNONYM\S ) VIOL5CE1 & ! H&MAID ( *AOS4 ,ITS B5EFICI>IES 
C>E LESS = US ?AN = DRAY-HORSES4 ,:ILE WE WORK WE >E SUFF]$ TO 
RECEIVE OATS & A /ALL4 ,:5 UNEMPLOY$ ! OATS VANI% & ! /ALL 
IS REMOV$4 ,! BIP$ WORK BEA/ MU/ DE/ROY ! MON/] ?AT 
BE/IALIZES HIM1 MU/ PUT CAPITALISM 9 ITS GRAVE BE=E MANHOOD & 
WOMANHOOD 9 !IR F9E/ FL[]1 ! FL[] ( FRE$OM1 CAN FL\RI% 
9 ! WORLD1 BE=E HUNG] ( BODY & ( M9D & HE>T >E =EV] 
BANI%$ FROM ! RACE4 
   

,WE1 ! WORK]S1 >E MANY1 ?\< 
DIVID$ BECAUSE ( IGNORANCE4 ,!Y1 ! CAPITALI/S1 >E1 FEW1 BUT 
/RONG ORGANIZATIONALLY1 RU?LESS 9 POLICY1 GRIMLY DET]M9$ TO 
9CREASE 9 P[] & TO P]PETUATE !IR DICTATOR%IP OV] ! 
HOPELESS EXI/5CE ( A ROBB$ CLASS4 ,! ?\<TLESS MI<T CONCLUDE 
?AT !RE IS NO RAY ( HOPE = ! WORK]S4 ,9DE$1 ?IS DESPAIR+ 
ATTITUDE IS LIKE A T]RIBLE P>ALYZES1 PREV5T+ MANY FROM ACT+ = 
WORK+ CLASS PROGRESS4 ,WE HAVE REA*$ AN ]A :]E ACTION MAY NOT 
MU* LONG] BE DELAY$ IF WE >E TO ESCAPE ! HEAVY HEEL ( A TYRANNY 
UNPREC$5T$ 9 ! ANNALS ( MAN4 
   

,FASCISM 9 HYDRA-HEAD$ 
GUISE1 SPREADS ACROSS ! WORLD4 ,VA/ MASSES ( PEOPLE SEEM /UNN$ 
9TO AN APA?Y ILL SUIT$ TO !IR GREAT NE$ = ! EXT5SION ( 
LIB]TY ?R\< 9DU/RIAL 5FRAN*ISEM5T4 ,YET !RE IS MORE ?AN A 
RAY ( HOPE2 !RE IS A FLOOD ( HOPE'S LI<T1 = ! WORK]S HAVE 
NUM]ICAL ASC5DANCY1 !IRS IS ! CREATIVE P[] & EAG]NESS TO 
BUILD2 SOCIAL JU/ICE IS A S5SE PECULI>LY !IR [N1 EVOLUTION FAVORS 
!M1 & !Y >E $UCABLE4 ,Y\ :O >E L[ 9 SPIRIT BECAUSE ! 
APA?Y MAGNIFIES ITSELF 9 Y\R VISION1 CONSID] ! /RIKES ( ! 
WORK]S AS \TL9$ 9 ?IS PAMPHLET2 ?9K ( ! C\RAGE ( ! 
VANGU>D ( ! REVOLUTION>Y HO/S2 REG>D !IR TACT1 IMAG9ATION1 
SOLID>ITY4 ,HE> !M S++ AS !Y FI<T4 ,TAKE HE>T 9 ! 
?RILL+ SPECTACLE ( !IR DEFIANCE ( \TLAWS 9 UNI=M & 
EXTRA-LEGAL MOBS ?AT W\LD ?ROTTLE ! MESSAGE ( SOCIAL UPHEAVAL4 
,!N AWAY ) DESPAIR2 D[N ) CYNICISM6 ,UP ACTION & FAI?1 = 
TRULY1 0,EVOLUTION MAKES HOPE SCI5TIFIC06 
   

,CAN WE1 HAV+ 
LE>N$ ?R\< BATTLES H[ TO FI<T1 HAV+ SUFF]$ ! MIS]IES ( 
DEFEAT1 & ! JOYS ( VICTORY OV] AN IMPLACABLE FOE2 CAN WE1 SEE 
ANY?+ AHEAD = ! WORK+ CLASS BUT EV5TUAL TRIUMPH8 ,D>E WE ! 
DESPOND5T ?\<T ( GO+ D[N TO ! %AMBLES UND] ?AT ,IRON ,HEEL 
LIMN$ BY ! FANCIFUL ,LONDON8 
   
    
     
      

,O1 ,LIB]TY1 CAN MAN RESIGN !E1 

      ,ONCE HAV+ FELT ?Y G5]\S FLAME8 
     
    
   
   

,! 
REACTION1 ! FASCI/ HORDES1 ULTRA-CAPITALI/IC AG5TS BY !IR 
DESP]ATE DE$S BUT %[ ! DESP]ATE /RAITS ( A DECAY+ SY/EM4 
,\R DUTY1 ?AT :I* %\LD BE ! MA9SPR+ ( \R LIVES1 ! JOY ( 
\R HE>TS1 IS TO AGITATE )\T CEAS+ UNTIL WE HAVE PROV$ ! 
LEAV5 TO MOVE ! SUFF]+1 9]T MASS TO REVOLT4 ,!Y >E $UCABLE2 
\RS IS TO $UCATE !M4 ,\R AGITATORS HAVE AGA9 & AGA9 CAUS$ !M 
BY ?\S&S TO HURL DEFIANCE AT ! EMPLOY]S1 TO BATTLE AS AN 
9DOMITABLE PHALANX TO VICTORY AFT] VICTORY4 ,MULTIPLY \R AGITATIONAL 
P[] BY EV]Y ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 BE+ A TIRELESS AGITATOR1 & WE CAN 
9SPIRE ! WORK]S BY MILLIONS TO *ALL5GE NOT ALONE CAPITALI/ 
R\T9E ( DAY TO DAY 9 PRODUCTION1 BUT CAPITALI/ [N]%IP ITSELF ( 
! PRODUCTIVE EQUIPM5T4 ,EV]Y?+ H+ES ON ACTION4 ,ALL WILL BE WON 
BY ACTION OR LO/ BECAUSE ( ITS LACK4 
   

,9 ONE HUNDR$ YE>S 
! WORK]S HAVE MOV$ VA/LY NE>] TO FRE$OM ?AN 9 ALL ! AGES 
BE=E ?IS C5TURY4 ,:5 ! FI]CE ?\<T FIR/ BURN$ 9 ! MOD]N 
WORK]'S BRA9 QUE/ION+ CAPITALI/ PROP]TY RI<TS1 9 ?AT H\R WAS 
DOOM$ ! REGIME ( ! ROBB]S ( TRADE & COMM]CE4 ,= ?AT 
?\<T WILL NOT DIE4 ,IT LIVES & GR[S & CIRCLES ! GLOBE4 ,IT IS 
9 EV]Y L&1 9 EV]Y PORT1 9 EV]Y 9DU/RY1 9 EV]Y CITY1 & 
EV]Y VILLAGE4 ,IT IS A RE/LESS1 SLEEPLESS1 GNAW+1 DEA?LESS ?\<T 
( 9T]NATIONAL TONGUE1 ! R$ ?\<T ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,AGITATE 
MI<TILY1 BRAVELY1 9CESSANTLY = ITS PROPAGATION6 ,?AT CAN BE Y\R 
ONLY CLAIM TO GLORY1 A GLORY SURPASS+ ?AT ( K+S & G5]ALS & 
ALL ! MAK]S ( SLAV]Y & ( DEA?1 = ?AT IS A GLORY ( /RIV+ 
TO BR+ TO ! OLD1 SAD WORLD HAPP9ESS = ALL1 HAPP9ESS F\ND$ ON 
! JU/ICE ( 9DU/RIAL EQUALITY & FRE$OM FROM ! *A9S ( ! 
WAGE SY/EM4 
   

,= US ! NI<T IS LONG BUT WE 5VISION A R$ 
DAWN1 & 9 ! ALL-P]VAD+ %AD[S ( ! UNSOCIAL D]ANGEM5T ( 
CAPITALISM WE KEEP ALI<T ! BIV\AC1 9C5DI>Y FIRES ( HOPE & 
0FAN ! FLAMES ( DISCONT5T40 ,! NI<T WILL PASS4 ,\R SPECIES1 ! 
HUMAN WORK]S1 HAVE BUILT A WORLD4 ,EVOLUTION ( ! TOOL HAS AT LA/ 
BR\<T !M )9 REA* ( ! T\*-/ONE MAK+ = UNIV]SAL 
ABUNDANCE 9 EQUALITY4 ,NATURE NO LONG] IS A NIGG>D4 ,! G5IUS & 
5]GY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 LABOR+ ) H&S & M9DS1 HAVE %[N 
?AT !RE NE$ BE NO WANT1 NO HUNG]1 NO FAM9E4 ,ALL ?AT /&S 9 
! WAY IS ! >*-CRIM9AL1 ,CAPITALISM1 & WE >E 9 EV]Y P>T ( 
! WORLD CEASELESSLY SAPP+ ITS F\NDATIONS4 
   

,IT WILL FALL4 
,) IT =EV] GO SLAV]Y1 CRIME1 W>1 IGNORANCE1 POV]TY & WA/E4 
,ON ! RU9S WILL RISE ! ,9DU/RIAL ,COMMONWEAL?1 HOME ( A FREE 
RACE1 HAPPY1 FAIR1 FRI5DLY 0)\T DISEASE ( FLE% OR BRA940 ,?US 
WILL BE REALIZ$ ! HOPE ( M>TYRS1 ! DREAM ( SAGES1 BY ! 
ALMI<TY /R5G? ( ! ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RIAL WORK]S ( ! WORLD4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#i1 #bba 3 #be ,YE>S ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 #be ,YE>S ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/