,*APT] #c 
,TRANS=M+ ! ,WORLD 

#aiggaigg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM 

,TEXT 3 

#c4 ,TRANS=M+ ! ,WORLD 

  
,REVOLUTION>Y ,IDEOLOGY 

  

,! FAILURE ( ! ,B>RES TRIAL1 AS ( ALL O!R EF=TS TO EQUIP ,DADA ) A SOCIAL & POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS1 L$ TO ! ADOPTION ( ,M>XISM1 AS REVIS$ & CORRECT$ BY ,L591 & TO ! AB&ONM5T ( ,DADA'S TWO GREAT 5T]PRISES-! QUE/ = TOTAL NEGATION & ! PROJECT ( A COLLECTIVE POETRY4 ,! LATT]1 HAD IT SUCCE$$1 W\LD HAVE EVOLV$ 9TO A CRITICAL !ORY 9 SE>* ( ITS PRACTICAL SELF-REALIZATION ?R\< ! OV]?R[ ( ALL ! CONDITIONS PRES5TLY IMPOS$ ON ! WORLD & ON EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,AS WE HAVE NOT$1 ! ,SURREALI/ GR\P AT ITS V]Y 9CEPTION - UNSURPRIS+LY1 9 VIEW ( ! >TI/IC PREOCCUPATIONS ( ITS F\ND]S - ALREADY BORE ! TRACES ( ?IS TW(OLD R5UNCIATION4 ,?IS WAS ! ROOT1 FUR!RMORE1 ( A GUILTY CONSCI5CE :OSE P]SI/5CE ?R\<\T ! 5TIRE HI/ORY ( ! MOVEM5T MANIFE/$ ITSELF AS A FUNDAM5TAL & UN%AKABLE DESPAIR & A CONT9UAL HANK]+1 9 CONSEQU5CE1 = SELF-JU/IFICATIONS & EXORCISMS4 ,?IS DESPAIR ( ! EGO1 :I* 9 TIME DEVELOP$ EXI/5TIAL OV]TONES1 WAS SIMULTANE\SLY CONTA9$ & COMBAT$ BY ! ,SURREALI/S' LEFTISM4 ,UNTIL !IR BREAK ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 !Y ACCEPT$ A FUNCTIONAL ROLE 9 ! POLITICAL REALM2 !REAFT] ?AT ROLE BECAME A C>ICATURE1 & REMA9$ SO UNTIL ! ADV5T ( A COMPLETELY NEW (FICIAL LEFTISM 9 #a#i#f#h4 

,! WORDS ?AT OCCUR MO/ FREQU5TLY 9 ,SURREALI/ IDEOLOGY >E 0REVOLUTION0 & 0LOVE01 & IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT1 NO MATT] H[ CONFUS$LY & AB/RACTLY !Y MAY BE US$1 C]TA9LY NO 9FAMY ATTA*ES TO !SE WORDS - NO BLOOD/A9S 9TELLECTUAL OR O!RWISE4 ,!RE IS 9DE$ SOME?+ V]Y T\*+ AB\T ,PE]T & ,BRETON'S TIRELESS EF=TS TO KEEP !IR IDEOLOGY PURE - OR1 AS ,BRETON SO LOV$ TO SAY1 0IMMACULATE0 - ESPECIALLY S9CE1 QUA IDEOLOGY1 IT WAS IMPURE BY DEF9ITION4 ,FREQU5TLY ?IS MIX ( RIGOR & NAIVETY1 PRODUC$ 9 A CONTEXT ( PRAGMATISM OR TACTICAL MANEUV]+1 W\LD ACQUIRE ! POETIC ASPECT ( A *ILDI% VIRTUE 70*ILDI%0 BE+ UND]/OOD 9 ! POSITIVE S5SE ?AT IT HAD = ,F\RI]74 ,H]E1 = 9/ANCE1 IS ,BRETON SPEAK+ AT ! ,B>CELONA ,AT5EO ON #ag ,NOVEMB] #a#i#b#b3 

,!RE IS ONLY ONE ?+ ?AT CAN GET US \T1 IF ONLY = A MOM5T1 ( ! HORRIBLE CAGE 9 :I* WE >E TRAPP$4 ,?AT ?+ IS REVOLUTION - ANY REVOLUTION1 NO MATT] H[ BLOODY - & TO ?IS DAY ,I CALL = IT ) ALL MY MI<T4 ,I AM SORRY IF ,DADA DID NOT TURN \T TO BE ?AT REVOLUTION1 BUT Y\ HAVE TO UND]/& ?AT NO?+ ELSE MU* MATT]S TO ME4 

,BRETON MADE HIMSELF EV5 CLE>] 9 ! COLLECTIVE MANIFE/O 0,LA ,REVOLUTION D'ABORD ET T\J\RS0 .<,REVOLUTION ,FIR/ & ,=EV].>1 REPR9T$ 9 ,NUMB] #d ( ,LA ,REVOLUTION ,SURREALI/E 7#a#e ,OCTOB] #a#i#b#e71 ASS]T+ ?AT 0! IDEA ( ,REVOLUTION IS ! SAFEGU>D ( EV]Y?+ ?AT IS BE/ & MO/ EFFECTIVE 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL04 ,WE MAY REASONABLY TAKE ?IS LIB]T>IAN S5TIM5T1 TO :I* ,BRETON & ,PE]T W\LD ALWAYS REMA9 LOYAL 7EV5 IF ,BRETON OCCASIONALLY FAIL$ TO LIVE UP TO IT 9 PRACTICE71 AS EMBODY+ PRECISELY ?AT ELEM5T ( 09NOC5CE0 :I* KEPT ,SURREALISM AT >M'S L5G? FROM ,BOL%EVISM & ULTIMATELY MEANT ?AT ! MOVEM5T'S HEYDAY W\LD BE REMEMB]$ = ITS ATTEMPT 7QUITE R>E 9 HI/ORY7 TO CREATE AN 9NOC5T IDEOLOGY4 

,?IS ATTITUDE ALSO ACC\NTS = ! *>M+ LYRICISM :I* COMP5SAT$ = ,SURREALISM'S LACK ( ANALYSIS3 0,I MOVE ?R\< A L&SCAPE10 WROTE ,]NE ,*> 9 ,LE ,SURREALISME AU ,S]VICE DE LA ,REVOLUTION1 ,NUMB] #c1 0:]E ,REVOLUTION & ,LOVE TOGE!R ILLUM9ATE AMAZ+ P]SPECTIVES & DELIV] %ATT]+ DISQUISITIONS40 

,! V]Y CONFUSION ?AT 5VELOP$ ! NOTION ( REVOLUTION ALL[$ IT TO 5COMPASS ! DAYDREAMS ( SUBJECTIVITY1 ! HUMAN PASSIONS1 ! WILL TO LIVE1 ! VIOL5CE ( 9DIVIDUAL DEM&S - 9DE$ EV]Y?+ ?AT T5D$ TO RESI/ BE+ R$UC$ & MANIPULAT$ BY BUREAUCRATIC REVOLUTIONS4 ,BUT ?IS 0EV]Y?+01 SAD TO SAY1 WAS JU/ :AT ,SURREALISM C\LD APPREH5D ONLY 9 BITS & PIECES1 9 FRAGM5TS :I* 9 !IR FRAGM5T>9ESS W]E 9EVITABLY 9CONSEQU5TIAL4 

,TO BEG9 )1 S9C]ITY & ANG] /ILL TOOK PREC$5CE OV] CONC]N ) ! POETIC IMAGE4 ,?US ,DESNOS'S 0,LA ,REVOLUTION1 C'E/-A-DIRE LA ,T]REUR0 .<,REVOLUTION1 ,?AT ,IS ,TO ,SAY1 ,T]ROR.>1 9 ,LA ,REVOLUTION ,SURREALI/E1 ,NUMB] #c1 WAS ABLE TO RECAPTURE ! F9E/ LIB]T>IAN CAD5CES ( AN E>LI] DAY3  
  

,BUT :AT A RELIEF IT W\LD BE TO WITNESS A ME?ODICAL PURGE FROM ! POPULATION ( ALL F\ND]S ( FAMILIES1 ALL DO]S ( GOOD WORKS 7*>ITY IS A M>K ( DEG5]ACY71 ALL PRIE/S & PA/ORS 7LET US NOT =GET ?AT CREW71 ALL SOLDI]Y1 ALL ?OSE PEOPLE :O1 IF !Y F9D A WALLET 9 ! /REET1 WILL IMM$IATELY RETURN IT TO ITS RI<TFUL [N]1 ALL FA!RS A LA ,CORNEILLE1 ALL MO!RS ( EXEMPL>ILY L>GE FAMILIES1 ALL DEPOSITORS 9 SAV+S BANKS 7WORSE ?AN ! CAPITALI/S71 ! POLICE AS A BODY1 M5 & WOM5 ( LETT]S1 9V5TORS ( S]UMS AGA9/ EPIDEMICS1 0B5EFACTORS ( HUMANITY01 DISP5S]S & RECIPI5TS ( COMPASSION - IF ONLY ALL ?IS RABBLE W\LD JU/ DISAPPE>6 ,! GREATE/ ,REVOLUTIONS >E BORN ( /RICT ADH]5CE TO A S+LE PR9CIPLE2 ! MOTIVE = ! ,REVOLUTION ?AT IS COM+ WILL BE ! PR9CIPLE ( ABSOLUTE FRE$OM4  
  

,9 ?IS ADMIRABLE LA/ S5T5CE ,DESNOS UNEQUIVOCALLY DEF5DS A G5U9E COLLECTIVE POETRY AGA9/ ! APPROPRIATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION ( #aiag BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS & !IR ,/ATE4 ,AS MU* CANNOT BE SAID ( ,ELU>D'S AMBIGU\S COMM5TS 9 ,LA ,REVOLUTION ,SURREALI/E1 ,NUMB] #d 7#e ,JULY #a#i#b#e71 APROPOS ( A PUBLIC DECL>ATION BY ! ,PHILOSOPHES GR\P3  
  

,! OPTIMISM ( ! ,CL>TE PEOPLE %ONE 9 ALL ITS GLORY B5EA? ! HAMM]-&-SICKLE SUN ( A M$IOCRE REGIME F\ND$1 JU/ LIKE ! CAPITALI/ REGIME1 ON ! FACILE & REPUGNANT REIGN ( WORK4 ,TRU? TO TELL1 IT B>ELY MATT]S TO ?OSE :O >E BORN REVOLUTION>IES ?AT ! 9EQUALITY ( CLASSES IS UNJU/4  
  

,?AT ,ELU>D C\LD ?US QUITE RI<TLY CONDEMN ! REIGN ( WORK1 & !N 9 ! V]Y NEXT BREA?1 ) UNP>ALLEL$ /UPIDITY1 DISP>AGE ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 GIVES US SOME CLUE AS TO H[ IT WAS ?AT ! ,SURREALI/S 7ALWAYS ?\<T ( AS CL[NS BY EV5 ! MO/ PRIM>Y & LEA/ CULTIVAT$ ( ,M>XI/S7 W]E ABLE = A TIME TO ACCEPT ! ROLE ( FAI?FUL DISCIPLES1 FIR/ TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & LAT] TO ,TROTSKY4 

,?REE MON?S LAT]1 H[EV]1 ,ELU>D HAD CLE>LY MADE PROGRESS1 = HE SIGN$ ! JO9T ,SURREALI/-,CL>TE MANIFE/O ,LA ,REVOLUTION D'ABORD ET T\J\RS1 :I* 9CLUD$ ! PRON\NCEM5T3 0,WE >E NOT ,UTOPIANS3 WE CONCEIVE ( ! COM+ ,REVOLUTION AS /RICTLY SOCIAL 9 *>ACT]40 

,UN=TUNATELY1 ! SOCIAL *>ACT] 9 QUE/ION WAS ?AT ( SOCIAL OPPRESSION1 AS P] ! ,BOL%EVIK MODEL4 ,BRETON1 9 ,LE ,SURREALISME AU ,S]VICE DE LA ,REVOLUTION1 ,NUMB] #b1 CONCLUD$ A DISCUSSION ( 0,! ,RELATION%IP BETWE5 ,BRA9 ,WORK & ,CAPITAL0 ) A PROTO-,MAOI/ EXHORTATION3  
  

,!RE IS NO NE$ TO GIVE H\SE-ROOM TO SPECIFICALLY 9TELLECTUAL PLEAD+S :I*1 9ASMU* AS !Y HAVE ANY JU/IFICATION AT ALL1 HAVE NO BUS9ESS MANIFE/+ !MSELVES 9 ! =M ( VA9 CORPORATI/ CAMPAIGNS BUT \<T F> RA!R TO P]SUADE ?OSE :O SUFF] 9 ?IS WAY 9 ! PRES5T ORD] ( ?+S TO S]VE ! PROLET>IAT'S ADMIRABLE CAUSE UNRES]V$LY1 & TREAT ?AT CAUSE JU/ AS IF IT W]E !IR [N4  
  

,! NOTION ( 9TELLECTUALS S]V+ ! PEOPLE 7A WAT]$-D[N V]SION ( ,BLANQUI'S !ORY7 WAS ONE ( ! MO/ LAU<ABLE IDEAS ?AT ! ,SURREALI/S EV] ESP\S$4 ,DADA HAD PO9T$ \T ! CONG5ITAL IMPOT5CE ( 9TELLECTUALS AS SU*1 CONDEMN$ AS !Y W]E TO REIGN OV] A DEAD PLANET & ISSUE DECREES ) NO =CE 9 LAW UNTIL SU* TIME AS ! ,/ATE'S REAL LAWS ASSIGN$ !SE <O/S A ROLE 9 ! G5]AL SY/EM ( APPE>ANCES & LIES4 ,A WORLD AWAY FROM ,DADA'S RADICALISM1 ,SURREALISM DREAM$ ( A CULTURAL REVOLUTION 7MU* LIKE ONE ?AT W\LD COME LAT]7 :I* ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY C\LD TURN ON & (F LIKE A TAP4 ,! SC&AL AT ! ,CLOS]IE DES ,LILAS 9 ,JULY #aibe APTLY =E%AD[$ ! ,R$ ,GU>DS' 0/ORM 9 A TEACUP ( PISS04 

,SURREALISM'S LEFTI/ CRITIQUE WAS NOT ALWAYS )\T M]IT3 AN EXHIBITION CALL$ 0,! ,TRU? ,AB\T ! ,COLONIES0 7,SEPTEMB] #a#i#c#a7 WAS A CASE 9 PO9T4 ,BUT IF ! ,SURREALI/S OCCASIONALLY BECAME ! CRITICAL CONSCI\SNESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ! ,COMMUNI/S NEV] GAVE A HOOT = !SE BUTT]FLIES & !IR FASC9ATION ) ?AT GREAT PROLET>IAT-CRU%+ MA*9E1 ! ,P>TY BUREAUCRACY4 

,9 ,LEGITIME DEF5SE .<,SELF-,DEF5SE1 #a#i#b#f.>1 ,BRETON WRITES3 0,UPON REFLECTION1 ,I DO NOT KN[ :Y ,I %\LD AB/A9 ANY LONG] FROM SAY+ ?AT ,L',HUMANITE - *ILDI%1 DECLAMATORY1 UNNECESS>ILY CRET9IZ+ - IS AN UNREADABLE NEWSPAP]1 UTT]LY UNWOR?Y ( ! ROLE ( PROLET>IAN $UCATION IT CLAIMS TO ASSUME40 0,I CANNOT UND]/&10 HE GOES ON1 0?AT ON ! ROAD ( REVOLT !RE %\LD BE A RI<T & A LEFT40 0,I SAY ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y FLAME BURNS :]E IT LI/S1 & ?AT IT IS NOT UP TO A SMALL B& ( M51 9 ! P]IOD ( TRANSITION WE >E LIV+ ?R\<1 TO DECREE ?AT IT CAN BURN ONLY H]E OR !RE40 ,CONSPICU\SLY ABS5T FROM ALL ?IS DISCUSSION IS ! PROLET>IAT1 & ,]NE ,DAUMAL IS RI<T TO DIRECT HIS IRONY AT ! SUPPOS$ ,M>XI/S ( ! ,P>TY & ! LEFT-W+ SECTS1 :OSE 0TOTAL FAILURE TO COMPREH5D ! DIALECTIC MAKES !M 9F9ITELY MORE IGNORANT ?AN ABSOLUTELY ANY REVOLUTION>Y WORK]1 = :OM ! V]Y LEA/ ?AT MAY BE SAID IS ?AT HE LIVES ! DIALECTIC04 

,NE$LESS TO SAY1 M]ELY BY IMAG9+ ?AT ! MASSES MI<T BE REA*$ VIA ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ,SURREALISM AUTOMATICALLY PREV5T$ ITSELF - QUITE ASIDE FROM ! GROTESQUE NATURE ( SU* AN ILLUSION - FROM SPEAK+ ! LANGUAGE ( REVOLUTION OR FROM EV] DEVELOP+ A RADICAL DISC\RSE4 ,! IDEA ( A POETRY MADE BY ALL1 HAD IT EV] BE5 PROP]LY ANALYZ$ & C>RI$ TO ITS LOGICAL CONCLUSION1 W\LD HAVE BE5 F\ND TO EMBODY ! REVOLUTION>Y !ORY ( G5]ALIZ$ SELF MANAGEM5T - ?AT 09VISIBLE RAY01 TO BORR[ ,BRETON'S DESCRIPTION ( ! SURREAL1 0:I* WILL MAKE IT POSSIBLE = US ONE DAY TO R\T \R ADV]S>IES04 

,AS ,I HAVE TRI$ TO %[ ABOVE1 ,SURREALISM DID HAVE A !ORY1 ALBEIT A LAT5T1 FRAGM5T>Y ONE1 QUICKLY SWALL[$ UP BY IDEOLOGY4 ,IT WAS CONC]N$ ) PRIVILEG$ MOM5TS ( LIFE & ! QUE/ = SU* MOM5TS1 ) LOVE & ITS SUBV]SIVE POT5TIAL 9 EV]YDAY LIFE1 ) ! ANALYSIS ( ! QUOTIDIAN & ITS ALI5ATIONS4 ,IT NEV] ROSE TO ! LEVEL ( A CRITIQUE ( ,BOL%EVISM1 EV5 ?\< ,BRETON WAS CAPABLE1 BELAT$LY1 ( (F]+ AN IMPLICIT CORRECTION TO HIS APPALL+ JUXTAPOSITION1 9 A S5T5CE SU* AS ! FOLL[+1 ( ! AU?OR ( ,POESIES & ! AU?OR ( ,:AT ,IS ,TO ,BE ,DONE83 0,SURREALISM IS P>T ( A VA/ UND]TAK+1 ( ?AT RECON/RUCTION ( ! UNIV]SE TO :I* BO? ,LAUTREAMONT & ,L59 COMMITT$ !MSELVES UTT]LY40 

,:5 POLEMICS BROKE \T BETWE5 ! ,SURREALI/S & !IR OLD FRI5D ,PI]RE ,NAVILLE1 ! OPPOSITION BETWE5 CULTURE & SOCIAL ORGANIZATION WAS ADDRESS$ BY NEI!R SIDE4 0,QU>RELS ( ! 9TELLECT01 WROTE ,NAVILLE 9 ,LA ,REVOLUTION ET LES 9TELLECTUELS 7#a#i#b#f71 0>E ABSOLUTELY VA9 9 FACE ( ?IS ONE UNIFI$ CONDITION .<WAGE-LABOR.>40 ,A FEW PAGES E>LI]1 H[EV]1 HE HAD ALREADY EXPOS$ ! LIMITS ( HIS [N 9TELLECT & ( HIS !SIS1 ONCE AGA9 BR++ UP A DILEMMA ?AT HAD HAUNT$ ! ,SURREALI/S EV] S9CE !IR FAILURE TO UND]/& ,DADA3 0,DO ! ,SURREALI/S BELIEVE 9 A LIB]ATION ( ! M9D PRIOR TO ! ABOLITION ( B\RGEOIS CONDITIONS ( MAT]IAL LIFE1 OR DO !Y ?9K ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y M9D CAN ONLY COME 9TO EXI/5CE 9 ! WAKE ( A SUCCESSFULLY COMPLET$ REVOLUTION80 

,EV]YONE /UCK TO !IR [N POSITION1 & NO CRITIQUE ( SOCIAL SEP>ATIONS WAS EV] BROA*$ BY ANY ( ! P>TIES4 ,?US ,BRETON HELD ?AT REVOLUTION MU/ CONC]N ! FACTS & ! M9D1 ,NAVILLE ?AT IT MU/ AFFECT ! FACTS BE=E IT CAN AFFECT ! M9D1 :ILE ,>TAUD HELD \T = ! PRIMACY ( ! M9D 9 ! G5ESIS ( REVOLUTION4 

,IT WAS NOT LONG BE=E ! ,/AL9I/ VIRUS MADE ITS APPE>ANCE4 ,NO ONE BL9K$ :5 ,GEORGES ,SAD\L1 AS P>T ( A D5UNCIATION ( ! ,FR5* POLICE 9 ! ,DECEMB] #aibi ISSUE ( ,LA ,REVOLUTION ,SURREALI/E1 /AT$ FLATLY ?AT HE W\LD LIKE 0TO TAKE ?IS OPPORTUNITY TO HAIL ! ,G,P,U1 A C\NT]-POLICE 9 ! S]VICE ( ! PROLET>IAT1 EV]Y BIT AS NECESS>Y TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS ! ,R$ ,>MY04 ,& B>ELY A MURMUR WAS HE>D :5 ,>AGON1 9 0,R$ ,FRONT0 7#a#i#c#a71 FAM\SLY CRI$ 0,LONG LIVE ! ,G,P,U1 DIALECTICAL FIGURE ( H]OISM04 ,ONLY ,ROL& DE ,]NEVILLE1 !N CLOSE TO ! ,GR& ,JEU GR\P1 V5TUR$ TO PO9T \T ?AT ,>AGON'S POEM 05DS ) A HYMN TO ! ,G,P,U :I*1 SE5 FROM ! PROPHETIC /&PO9T ( ! M9D1 BECOMES SIMPLY A HYMN TO ! POLICE04 

,LAT]1 AFT] ! BREAK ) ! ,/AL9I/S1 ,BRETON TURN$ MORE UNEQUIVOCALLY T[>DS ,TROTSKY4 ,) ,TROTSKY HE COLLABORAT$ ON ! MANIFE/O 0,= AN ,9DEP5D5T ,REVOLUTION>Y ,>T0 7#a#i#c#h74 7,AT ,TROTSKY'S REQUE/1 ,DIEGO ,RIV]A COSIGN$ ) ,BRETON 9 HIS /EAD47 ,BE=E LONG1 H[EV]1 ,BRETON WAS ADMITT+ HIS A/ONI%M5T ?AT ,TROTSKY C\LD 9VOKE ! OLD ,JESUIT PRECEPT ?AT 0! 5D JU/IFIES ! MEANS01 & HE CALL$ IMM$IATELY = 0A ?OR\<GO+ CRITIQUE ( C]TA9 ASPECTS ( ! ?\<T ( ,L59 & EV5 ( ,M>X04 ,HE HIMSELF NEV] FOLL[$ UP ON ?IS4 

,AFT] ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> ! POLITICAL ACTION ( ,SURREALISM WAS 9T]MITT5T & SCATT]%OT4 ,! DISCOV]Y ( ,F\RI] MI<T P]HAPS HAVE UND]P9N$ AN OV]ALL RECA/+ ( ! MOVEM5T1 BUT ,BRETON W\LD ALWAYS PREF] ,F\RI] ! VISION>Y1 ,F\RI] ! POET ( ANALOGY1 TO ,F\RI] ! !ORI/ ( A RADICALLY NEW SOCIETY4 

,PE]T & ,BRETON'S LA/ SUCCESSORS TOOK ,CUBA 9/EAD ( ! ,U,S,S,R AS ! OBJECT ( !IR 5?USIASM4 ,E*O+ ! SOMETIME S9I/] GOOD FAI? ( A ,SAD\L1 ,JEAN ,S*U/] W\LD WRITE1 9 ,BATAILLES P\R LE SURREALISME3 

,:AT C\LD POSSIBLY BE MORE LEGITIMATE ?AN ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY1 9 ! PROCESS ( CON/RUCT+ SOCIALISM1 %\LD F9D ITSELF OBLIG$1 AS ,CUBA DOES TODAY1 TO REQUIRE A SURPLUS ( LABOR FROM ITS MEMB]S1 ?US 5SUR+ ?AT WORK BE AS FAIRLY %>$ & EQUALLY REMUN]AT$ AS POSSIBLE8 

,AN ,9=MAL ,ORGANIZATION 

  

,SPURR$ BY ITS [N 9T]NATIONALISM & AID$ BY ! CRISIS CONDITIONS 9 ALL 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES1 ,SURREALISM SW>M$ F> & WIDE4 ,GR\PS MODEL$ ON ! ,FR5* ONE SPRANG UP 9 ,RUMANIA1 ,YUGOSLAVIA1 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA1 ,SC&9AVIA1 ,BELGIUM1 ,ITALY1 ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 ! ,CAN>Y ,ISL&S1 ,MEXICO1 ,JAPAN1 ,HAITI4 ,DIRECT CONTACTS G5]ALLY ACCOMPANI$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( RELATIONS BETWE5 GR\PS4 ,! ,FR5* GR\P SET ! TONE - :I* MEANT1 MO/ (T51 ?AT ,BRETON SET ! TONE4 

,! BASIS ( RECRUITM5T1 9DE$ ! BASIS ( ! GR\P1 HAD MU* TO DO1 NO D\BT1 ) ,BRETON'S CLAIM 9 ,LES ,PAS P]DUS ?AT 0,ONE PUBLI%ES TO F9D PEOPLE1 & = NO O!R REASON0 - AN AMBIGU\S /ATEM5T 9DE$ IF ONE CONSID]S H[ G5]\S1 YET AT ! SAME TIME H[ AU?ORIT>IAN1 ! AU?OR ( ,NADJA C\LD BE4 ,BRETON WAS A BRILLIANT ?9K]1 BUT HE WAS LESS RADICAL ?AN ,PE]T4 ,! >DOR HE BR\<T TO FRI5D%IPS :E!R TRANSI5T OR 5DUR+ WAS SU* AS TO PLUNGE HIM N[ 9TO BL9D FAI?1 N[ 9TO WILD RAGE4 ,EV5 ?\< HE WAS AS FOND ( IMPOS+ HIS VIEWS AS O!RS W]E TO OBLIGE HIM 9 ?IS1 ! FACT REMA9S ?AT ! ,SURREALI/ GR\P NEV] DEVELOP$ ANY BUT ! MO/ FLUID ( HI]>*IES4 ,DEEP] PROB+ W\LD D\BTLESS ASSIGN ,B5JAM9 ,PE]T A MORE IMPORTANT ROLE1 =1 SO F> FROM BE+ ! SECOND-9-COMM&1 ! FAI?FUL LIEUT5ANT ?AT AN OBTUSE VIEW ( ?+S HAS PORTRAY$1 ,PE]T WAS 9 FACT ! MO/ 9DEP5D5T & LIB]T>IAN MEMB] ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS ?ANKS TO HIM1 9 ALL LIKELIHOOD1 ?AT NE>LY ALL ! GR\P'S DECISIONS W]E >RIV$ AT 9 A L>GELY DEMOCRATIC WAY4 

,BRETON WAS ! C5T]1 C]TA9LY1 BUT ?IS ALSO MADE HIM 9TO A T>GET1 & ?OSE :OM HE ALL[$ HIMSELF TO TREAT AS FRI5DS1 JU/ AS MU* AS ?OSE :O ALL[$ !MSELVES TO PUT UP ) HIM AS A FRI5D1 R>ELY LO/ AN OPPORTUNITY TO MOCK HIS S]I\SNESS1 HIS LACK ( HUMOR1 HIS TANTRUMS1 HIS T5D5CY TO *OOSE PEOPLE'S AP]ITIFS = !M4 ,! MO/ S]I\S *>GES1 NO D\BT1 W]E MADE BY ,DESNOS3  
  

,&RE ,BRETON DETE/S ,ELU>D & HIS POETRY4 ,I HAVE SE5 ,BRETON ?R[ ,ELU>D'S BOOKS 9TO ! FIRE4 ,ADMITT$LY1 IT WAS ON A DAY :5 ! AU?OR ( ,L',AM\R1 ,LA ,POESIE HAD REFUS$ TO LOAN HIM T5 ?\S& FRANCS - ?AT IS1 UNLESS ,BRETON WAS PREP>$ TO SIGN A BILL ( EX*ANGE4 ,SO :Y DOES ,BRETON CONT9UE TO S+ ! PRAISES ( ,ELU>D & HIS WORK8 ,BECAUSE ,PAUL ,ELU>D1 AS ,COMMUNI/ AS HE CLAIMS TO BE1 IS A PROP]TY SPECULATOR1 & ! MONEY HE GETS FROM SELL+ SWAMPL& LOTS TO WORK]S IS US$ = BUY+ ! PICTURES & ,AFRICAN >T 9 :I* ! PAIR ( !M DEAL4 

,&RE ,BRETON DETE/S ,>AGON1 & NEV] TIRES ( REC\NT+ HIS 9FAMIES4 ,:Y !N DOES HE %[ HIM ANY CONSID]ATION8 ,BECAUSE HE IS AFRAID ( HIM1 & HE KN[S ?AT A BREAK ) ,>AGON W\LD SPELL DISA/] = HIMSELF4 

,&RE ,BRETON ONCE BROKE (F ) ,TRI/AN ,TZ>A = ! V]Y PRECISE REASON ?AT :5 WE ATT5D$ ,TZ>A'S 0,EV5+ ( ! ,BE>D$ ,HE>T01 ! ,DADA-9-*IEF HAD US >RE/$4 ,BRETON KN[S ?IS V]Y WELL4 ,HE SAW & HE>D ,TZ>A D5\NC+ US TO ! POLICEM5 JU/ AS CLE>LY AS ,I DID4 ,:Y IS HE N[ RECONCIL$ ) ,TZ>A8 ,BECAUSE ,TRI/AN ,TZ>A BUYS ,NEGRO FETI% OBJECTS & PA9T+S & ,&RE ,BRETON SELLS !M4 

,9 AN >TICLE ( HIS ON PA9T+1 ,&RE ,BRETON TAKES ,JOAN ,MIRO TO TASK = HAV+ MADE A LITTLE MONEY ALONG ! WAY4 ,BUT IT WAS HE1 ,BRETON1 :O1 HAV+ B\<T ! PA9T+ 0,PL[$ ,L&0 = FIVE HUNDR$ FRANCS1 TURN$ >\ND & SOLD IT = SIX OR EI<T ?\S&4 ,SO ,MIRO MAY HAVE COME ACROSS A LITTLE MONEY ALONG ! WAY1 BUT IT WAS ,BRETON :O /UFF$ HIS POCKETS ) IT4 

,AS S]I\S AS A POPE1 AS DIGNIFI$ AS A MAGUS1 AS PURE AS ,ELIAKIM1 ,&RE ,BRETON IS ! AU?OR ( ,SURREALISM & ,PA9T+4 ,IT IS A CURI\S FACT1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! ONLY PA9T]S :O F9D UNCONDITIONAL FAVOR 9 HIS EYES >E ?OSE ) :OM HE CAN DO BUS9ESS4  
  

,:AT ,DESNOS RI<TLY CONDEMNS H]E1 ALBEIT AFT] ! FACT1 IS 9DICATIVE AT ! V]Y LEA/ ( A MALAISE 9 ! ,SURREALI/S' 9T]P]SONAL RELATION%IPS4 ,:AT IS ?IS CONC]N ) ! >T M>KET1 REPRESS$ OR CONCEAL$ BEH9D ! FIRMAM5T ( IDEAS1 IF NOT HI/ORY'S KN[+ W9K 9 ! DIRECTION ( ?OSE :O HAVE BE5 PAY+ IT NO HE$8 ,! BASIC FRAUD P]PETRAT$ BY ,SURREALISM ?US EM]GES QUITE CLE>LY ON ! FACTUAL PLANE3 ! IDEOLOGY ( AN >T ?AT S]VES LIFE CANNOT LONG PREVAIL OV] ! REALITY ( >T & SURVIVAL BE+ PRESS$ 9TO ! S]VICE ( A SPECTACUL> SOCIETY F\ND$ ON ! COMMODITY SY/EM4 

,9 ! #ai ,OCTOB] #aibd ISSUE ( HIS REVIEW #c#i#a1 ,PICABIA DESCRIB$ ,SURREALISM AS 0NO?+ BUT ,DADA 9 ! TRAVE/I$ =M ( AN ADV]TIS+ BALLOON = ,BRETON & ,CO40 ,SURREALISM 9DE$ GAVE ! APPE>ANCE ( BE+ ABOVE ALL A S*EME :]EBY ,BRETON S\<T TO E/ABLI% AN OBJECTIVE BASIS = HIS SUBJECTIVE *OICES1 TA/ES OR PASSIONS4 ,?AT HE %\LD ALSO MAKE BUS9ESS DEALS UND] COV] ( ! MOVEM5T WAS 9 ! ORD] ( ?+S - P>T ( ! %AMEFUL ASPECT ( ALL IDEOLOGY4 ,BUT SIMPLY TO D5\NCE ,BRETON WAS NOT 5\<3 :AT NE$$ CLOS] SCRUT9Y WAS ,SURREALISM'S UNHEAL?Y & SUSPECT DEF5SE ( ! WORK ( >T 7POETRY1 PA9T+1 OBJECT OR IMAGE74 

,AS SOON AS >T WAS RE9VE/$ ) VALUE1 ! NATURAL >RIVISME ( ! >TI/1 COMPLETE ) ! DESIRE TO MAKE A NAME & PROMOTE AN OEUVRE1 WAS B\ND TO FOLL[4 ,?IS T5D5CY1 ?\< (FICIALLY CONDEMN$ BY ,SURREALISM1 EXI/$ )9 ! GR\P ITSELF4 ,BRETON MAY HAVE WRITT51 9 ,PLE9E M>GE .<,WIDE ,M>G9.> 7#a#i#d71 ?AT 0,I AM NOT = ADEPTS02 ! FACT REMA9S ?AT1 EXCEPT = ,>TAUD & ,PE]T1 HE WAS NEV] TO HAVE ANY?+ BUT ADEPTS1 & 9DE$ HE TOOK V]Y GOOD C>E ( !IR PROP] 9ITIATION1 SO AS NEV] TO BE SURR\ND$ BY ANY?+ BUT DISCREET APPROBATION4 

,IT IS 9 ! %AD[ ( ?IS P>TICUL>LY DI/RESS+ K9D ( BEHAVIOR ?AT ! QUE/ION ( BREAKS & EXPULSIONS HAS TO BE CONSID]$4 0,)\T BE+ OBSESS$ BY P]SONAL RANCOR & REFUS+ TO D]IVE \R PRIVATE ANGUI% ON EV]Y OCCASION FROM ! SOCIAL CONDITIONS IMPOS$ UPON US1 WE >E OBLIG$ TO TURN >\ND AT EV]Y MOM5T1 & TO HATE0 - ?US ,BRETON 9 ,LEGITIME DEF5SE4 ,!RE IS NO D5Y+ ?AT EXPULSIONS & ! BREAK+ (F ( RELATIONS >E ! ONLY >MS AVAILABLE TO AN 9TELLECTUAL GR\P4 ,! PROBLEM 9 ! CASE ( ! ,SURREALI/S WAS ?AT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ COMPROMISE WAS WAG$ FROM ! /&PO9T ( AN IDEOLOGY1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 FROM ! /&PO9T ( AN 9ITIAL COMPROMISE /RUCK ) ! RUL+ ORD]4 

,! ,SURREALI/ GR\P EXPELL$ QUITE A FEW NOTORI\S IDIOTS :O HAD BE5 ADMITT$ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE \T ( MISPLAC$ 9DULG5CE4 ,JOSEPH ,DELTEIL1 AU?OR ( A LIFE ( ,JOAN ( ,>C1 & ,MAXIME ,ALEX&RE 1 :O W\LD LAT] CONV]T TO ,CA?OLICISM UND] ! AUSPICES ( ,PAUL ,CLAUDEL1 >E CASES 9 PO9T1 & !RE W]E O!RS4 ,?IS BY NO MEANS PREV5T$ ! ,SURREALI/S FROM MAK+ COMMON CAUSE ) SU* M$IOCRITIES AS ,CAMUS & LONESCO1 OR1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! PO/W> P]IOD1 FROM KEEP+ COMPANY ) SOME TRULY PA!TIC *>ACT]S4 

,!RE W]E EXPULSIONS1 TOO1 ?AT W]E UTT]LY WELL F\ND$3 EXPULSIONS = POLITICAL REASONS1 OR ON ! GR\NDS ( IRRECONCILABLE DIFF]5CES 7AS ) ,>TAUD71 OR = ATTITUDES ?AT W]E REPUGNANT 7,>AGON1 ,SAD\L1 ,ELU>D1 ,DALI74 ,& F9ALLY !RE W]E EXPULSIONS1 AT ONCE ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT & ! MO/ QUE/IONABLE ONES - & ! MO/ 9DICATIVE ( ! MOVEM5T'S MALAISE & ITS NE$ TO EXORCIZE IT - ( >TI/S OR WRIT]S S$UC$ BY ! APPEAL ( MONEY & ACCLAIM4 

,SURREALISM DEM&$ ( ITS EXPON5TS ?AT !Y NOT P>TICIPATE 9 ! SPECTACUL> & COMMODITY-DRIV5 SY/EM ( :I* ! MOVEM5T ITSELF P>TOOK WILLY-NILLY4 ,:5 ,BRETON ?REW ,PHILIPPE ,S\PAULT & ,ROB]T ,DESNOS \T1 ACCUS+ !M ( LIT]>Y COQUETRY1 HE W\LD HAVE DONE WELL TO HE$ ! ALREADY RESONANT CAUTION>Y WORDS ( ,]NE ,DAUMAL3 0,BEW>E1 ,&RE ,BRETON1 LE/ Y\ FIGURE 9 FUTURE TEXTBOOKS ( LIT]>Y HI/ORY2 REMEMB] ?AT ! ONLY DI/9CTION WE EV] ASPIR$ TO WAS TO GO D[N 9 ! ANNALS ( CATACLYSMS40 

,! FACT IS ?AT ,SURREALISM ACCEPT$ COMPROMISE - UP TO A PO9T4 ,IT WAS ACCEPTABLE TO DEAL 9 WORKS ( >T1 OR TO A*IEVE DI/9CTION BY PRODUC+ SU* WORKS1 BUT ONLY TO A C]TA9 DEGREE4 ,& 9 ,BRETON'S EYES ! GAUG+ ( ?AT DEGREE WAS HIS PR]OGATIVE4 0,IT HAS (T5 /RUCK ME10 NOT$ ,VICTOR ,CRA/RE 9 HIS ,LE ,DRAME DU SURREALISME1 0?AT ACTIVE SPIRITS W]E R>E 9 ! GR\P4 ,ALL DECISIONS W]E TAK5 BY A SMALL DIRECTORATE COMPRIS$ ( ,BRETON1 ,>AGON1 ,ELU>D1 ,DESNOS1 ,PE]T & ,LEIRIS1 !N ACCEPT$ )\T FUR!R DISCUSSION4 ,CRITICAL REACTIONS W]E VOIC$ AS 9FREQU5TLY AMONG ! ,SURREALI/S AS 9 ANY HI<LY ORGANIZ$ P>TY40 

,H[ C\LD A GR\P ) SU* A PASSIVE ATTITUDE T[>DS REAL /RUGGLES 9 ! \TSIDE WORLD CONDEMN PASSIVITY 9 ITS [N MEMB]S8 ,H[ C\LD A GR\P ACCEPT+ ( HI]>*IES OPPOSE AMBITION & OPPORTUNISM8 ,& H[ C\LD A GR\P :OSE 9/9CTS W]E ESS5TIALLY CULTURAL BE EXPECT$ TO )/& ! CO-OPTIVE ME*ANISMS ( A CULTURE ?AT WAS 9EXORABLY FALL+ UND] ! SWAY ( ! ECONOMY & ITS REPRES5TATIONS8 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigf 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#f1 #bb 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,ADD$4 

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