,*APT] #e 
,CONV]T+ TO ,MY/ICISM 

#aiggaigg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM 

,TEXT 3 

#e4 ,CONV]T+ TO ,MY/ICISM 

  
,RECONSECRATION 

  

,NO SOON] HAD ASC5DANT B\RGEOIS P[]1 ?ANKS TO ! >MS ( CRITICISM & CRITICISM BY >MS1 SUCCESSFULLY %ATT]$ ! UNITY ( ! OLD SOCIAL & RELIGI\S MY?1 ?AN ! NEW RUL]S FELT ! URG5T NE$ TO RE9/ITUTE AN ORGANIZATION ( APPE>ANCES - A UNIV]SAL REPRES5TATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OMS SO ESS5TIAL TO ! CONDUCT ( BUS9ESS - ?AT C\LD PROVIDE A JU/IFICATION = !IR FUNCTION AS AN EXPLOIT+ CLASS4 ,! T5TACUL> EXPANSION ( ! ECONOMY-N]VE-C5T] ( ! B\RGEOISIE JU/ AS IT W\LD LAT] BE ( ! RUL+ CA/E ( ! SOCIALI/ ,/ATE - WAS NOT EASILY RECONCIL$1 H[EV]1 ) REC\RSE TO A GOD1 TO A MY/]I\S UNITY :I* ! NEW CONDITIONS ( SOCIAL ATOMIZATION C\LD NOT 9 ANY CASE EI!R RESUSCITATE OR MA9TA94 

,BY ! BEG9N+ ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY >T HAD BE5 EFFECTIVELY ANNEX$ BY ! G5]AL SY/EM ( ! ECONOMY1 & NO *OICE REMA9$ TO IT SAVE ?AT BETWE5 SELF-TRANSC5D5CE1 :I* IS TO SAY ITS ACTUALIZATION AS A MODE ( LIFE 9 A SOCIETY )\T HI]>*IES1 & A SL[ AGONY4 ,DADA HAD AN AW>5ESS ( ! NEGATIVE BUT NOT ( ! NECESSITY ( SU* A TRANSC5D5CE2 ,SURREALISM WAS AW>E ( ! NECESSITY ( TRANSC5D5CE BUT NOT ( ! NECESSITY ( NEGATIVITY4 ,9 BO? CASES ! DICE W]E LOAD$1 BUT ONLY ,SURREALISM MU/ BE HELD TO ACC\NT BY HI/ORY = ITS REACTION>Y ATTEMPT TO RE/ORE TO >T A LIFE ?AT IT NO LONG] HAD1 A LIFE :OSE V]Y MEMORY WAS ALREADY LO/ TO IT4 7,WE HAVE ALREADY NOT$ ! GREAT /ORE ?AT ,SURREALI/ >T SET BY GREAT NAMES & GREAT MOM5TS ( ! PA/1 BY !IR LIV+ RELEVANCE & BY ! NE$ = !M TO BE REMEMB]$47 

,LITTLE BY LITTLE1 AS ! DREAM ( REVOLUTION BROKE UP ON ! REEFS ( NASC5T ,/AL9ISM1 BUT ALSO AS ! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE & ( ! COMMODITY SY/EM 9EVITABLY CO-OPT$ ANY?+ ?AT C\LD BE CALL$ >TI/IC1 ,SURREALISM RETREAT$ TO ! HEI<TS ( PURE M9D4 ,FROM A =TRESS OP5 TO EV]Y W9D BL[+ 9 FROM ! OLD WORLD1 IT BEGAN - AFT] ! FA%ION ( ! ,ROMANTICS RE9V5T+ AN IDYLLIC ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 COMPLETE ) VALIANT KNI<TS1 9 ! V]Y %AD[ ( ! /OCK EX*ANGES1 BANKS & FACTORIES - TO 5T]TA9 ! FANTASY ( A P[]FUL MY?1 /RIPP$ ( ANY RELIGI\S OV]TONES1 ?AT W\LD COMBAT ! POV]TY ( ! SPECTACLE & ?AT W\LD DRAW ITS /R5G? FROM A RECONSECRATION ( HUMAN RELATION%IPS MODEL$ ON ! RECONSECRATION ( >T4 

,IT W\LD BE H>D TO \TDO ?IS AS %E] CONTEMPT = HI/ORY4 ,NOT ?AT SU* A PROJECT C\LD ABSOLUTELY NEV] BE MADE 9TO REALITY = A TIME3 AFT] ALL1 ! ,NAZIS LAUN*$ A COMP>ABLE OP]ATION1 ALBEIT ONE ORI5TAT$ 9 A DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ DIRECTION1 :5 !Y S\<T TO RETURN TO ! REIGN ( MY? BY RECONSECRAT+ EV]Y?+ ?AT ! ,SURREALI/S %AT UPON FROM ! GREATE/ HEI<T3 ! ,FA!RL&1 ! ,>MY1 ! ,FUHR]1 ! ,/ATE1 ETC4 ,AS CONFUS$ AS !Y MAY HAVE BE51 ! ,SURREALI/S REMA9$ COMMITT$ 9 ! PRE-W> P]IOD TO ! DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALISM 9 BO? ITS PRIVATE & ITS ,/ATE V]SIONS2 !Y HAD NOT R5\NC$ ! HOPES !Y PLAC$ 9 ! 0F9AL /RUGGLE01 & !Y ?REW D[N ! GANTLET 9 ALL S9C]ITY TO :ATEV] S]V$ TO SU/A9 & MOD]NIZE ! EXPLOITATION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,! POSITION ( ,SURREALISM AFT] ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> FL[$ FROM A DESPAIR+ VIEW ( HI/ORY4 ,?IS VIEW WAS BAS$ ON ! SUCCESSIVE DEFEATS ( A WORK]S' MOVEM5T :OSE REVOLUTION ! ,SURREALI/S HAD AWAIT$ PASSIVELY 9 ! EXPECTATION ?AT IT W\LD RESOLVE !IR [N PROBLEMS4 ,BRETON HIMSELF (F]S A CLE> ACC\NT ( ?IS 9 0,PROLEGOM5A TO A ,?IRD ,SURREALI/ ,MANIFE/O OR ,NOT0 7#a#i#d#b74 ,HE BEG9S BY EVOK+ ! FAILURE ( SUPPOS$LY 0EMANCIPATORY0 SY/EMS3  
  

,?\< ,I AM ONLY TOO LIKELY TO DEM& EV]Y?+ ( A CREATURE ,I CONSID] BEAUTIFUL1 ,I AM F> FROM GRANT+ ! SAME CR$IT TO ?OSE AB/RACT CON/RUCTIONS ?AT GO BY ! NAME ( SY/EMS4 ,:5 FAC$ ) !M MY >DOR COOLS1 & IT IS CLE> ?AT LOVE NO LONG] SPURS ME ON4 ,I HAVE BE5 S$UC$1 ( C\RSE1 BUT NEV] TO ! EXT5T ( HID+ FROM MYSELF ! FALLIBLE PO9T 9 :AT A MAN LIKE ME HOLDS TO BE TRUE4 ,?IS FALLIBLE PO9T1 EV5 ?\< IT IS NOT NECESS>ILY SITUAT$ ON ! L9E TRAC$ = ME BY ! ORIG9AL TEA*] DUR+ HIS LIFETIME1 ALWAYS APPE>S TO ME TO BE LOCAT$ SOME:]E FUR!R ALONG ?IS L9E AS EXT5D$ ?R\< O!RS4  
  

,?IS FAILURE IS EXPLA9$ )\T ! SLI<TE/ ALLUSION TO ! CRITIQUE ( HI]>*Y1 )\T EV] ADDRESS+ ! QUE/ION ( ! ME*ANISMS ( CO-OPTATION3  
  

,! GREAT] ! P[] ( ?IS MAN1 ! MORE HE IS LIMIT$ BY ! 9]TIA RESULT+ FROM ! V5]ATION ?AT HE WILL 9SPIRE 9 SOME & BY ! TIRELESS ACTIVITY ( O!RS :O WILL EMPLOY ! MO/ DEVI\S MEANS TO RU9 HIM4 ,ASIDE FROM !SE TWO CAUSES ( DEG5]ATION1 !RE IS ALSO ! FACT ?AT EV]Y GREAT IDEA IS P]HAPS SUBJECT TO BE+ S]I\SLY ALT]$ ! 9/ANT ?AT IT 5T]S 9TO CONTACT ) ! MASS ( HUMANITY1 :]E IT IS MADE TO COME TO T]MS ) M9DS ( A COMPLETELY DIFF]5T /ATURE ?AN ?AT ( ! M9D IT CAME FROM ORIG9ALLY4  
  

,!RE IS ALSO ! UNRELIABILITY ( COMRADES-9->MS TO BE CONSID]$3  
  

,! EVILS ?AT >E ALWAYS ! PRICE ( FAVOR1 ( R5[N1 LIE 9 WAIT EV5 = ,SURREALISM1 ?\< IT HAS BE5 9 EXI/5CE = TW5TY YE>S4 ,! PRECAUTIONS TAK5 TO SAFEGU>D ! 9N] 9TEGRITY ( ?IS MOVEM5T - :I* G5]ALLY >E REG>D$ AS BE+ MU* TOO SEV]E - HAVE NOT PRECLUD$ ! RAV+ FALSE WITNESS ( AN ,>AGON1 NOR ! PIC>ESQUE BR& ( IMPO/URE ( ?AT NEO-,FALANGI/ B$SIDE-TABLE ,AVIDA ,DOLL>S4  
  

,& ,BRETON IS GALL$ BY ! G5]AL ALI5ATION ( ! MOVEM5T3  
  

,SURREALISM IS ALREADY F> FROM BE+ ABLE TO COV] EV]Y?+ ?AT IS UND]TAK5 9 ITS NAME1 OP5LY OR NOT1 FROM ! MO/ OBSCURE TEA%OPS ( ,TOKYO TO ! RA9-/REAK$ W9D[S ( ,FIF? ,AV5UE1 EV5 ?\< ,JAPAN & ,AM]ICA >E AT W>4 ,:AT IS BE+ DONE 9 ANY GIV5 DIRECTION BE>S LITTLE RESEMBLANCE TO :AT WAS WANT$4 ,EV5 ! MO/ \T/&+ M5 MU/ PUT UP ) PASS+ AWAY NOT SO MU* ) A HALO AS ) A GREAT CL\D ( DU/ TRAIL+ BEH9D !M4  
  

,BRETON'S DIS>RAY ( #aidb /ILL EMBODIES MU* ( ! DESPAIR FELT BY ,>TAUD 9 #a#i#b#e4 ,9 ,LE ,DRAME DU SURREALISME1 ,VICTOR ,CRA/RE PRES5TS A SOME:AT CAVALI] EXPLANATION ( ,>TAUD'S LACK ( 5?USIASM = MEET+ ! ,CL>TE PEOPLE3 0,HIS UNHEAL?Y PASSION = BE+ TORM5T$1 HIS TA/E = FAILURE1 EV5 = CATA/ROPHE1 PROHIBIT$ HIM FROM SE>*+ = A SOCIAL =M ( REVOLT1 FROM CONCEIV+ ( ANY OPTIMI/IC PLAN = ! TRANS=MATION ( ! WORLD40 ,IT W\LD D\BTLESS HAVE BE5 MORE TO ! PO9T TO 9QUIRE :E!R ,>TAUD'S VOCATION = FAILURE DID NOT /EM RA!R FROM AN 9/9CTIVE REJECTION ( HI/ORY AT A TIME :5 HI/ORY GAVE EV]Y APPE>ANCE ( HAV+ BE5 MONOPOLIZ$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,9 VIEW ( ?IS HALT IMPOS$ ON HUMAN EMANCIPATION 9 ! NAME ( ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF1 IT IS NOT H>D TO UND]/& ?AT A LUCID BUT ISOLAT$ M9D1 & ONE 9 ANY CASE CUT (F FROM :ATEV] LEFT-W+ OPPOSITION TO ,BOL%EVISM /ILL EXI/$1 %\LD HAVE APPREH5D$ HI/ORICAL CONSCI\SNESS AS A CONSCI\SNESS ( A VOID & AS ! UTT] NEGATION ( ANY 9DIVIDUAL HI/ORY4 

,>TAUD PROCE$$1 ALONE1 ALONG A PA? ?AT ,BRETON W\LD LAT] IMPOSE ON ! ,SURREALI/ MOVEM5T UND] MU* LESS DIRE CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,! TRAGIC MY? ?AT ,>TAUD CON/RUCT$ 9 ORD] TO COPE ) HIS /ATE ( SELF-DIVISION WAS SOME?+ :I* 9 ?AT E>LY P]IOD HE HAD TO CONFRONT )\T ! BACK+ EV5 ( :AT ,SURREALISM W\LD EV5TUALLY A*IEVE1 NAMELY A REAL HI/ORY :I*1 AS ALI5AT$ AS IT MAY HAVE BE51 DID CONTRIVE TO BE AT ONCE COLLECTIVE & 9DIVIDUAL4 ,>TAUD'S DECISION IS REGI/]$ 9 HIS ,LE ,PESE-N]FS1 :]E HE TALKS ( 0BR++ MYSELF FACE TO FACE ) ! METAPHYSICS ?AT ,I HAVE CREAT$ = MYSELF ON ! BASIS ( ?IS NO?+NESS ?AT ,I C>RY )9 ME01 &1 :5 HE WRITES 9 ! ?IRD ISSUE ( ,LA ,REVOLUTION ,SURREALI/E ?AT 0,?R\< ! R5TS 9 :AT IS H5CE=W>D AN UNLIVABLE REALITY SPEAKS A WILLFULLY SIBYLL9E WORLD01 !RE IS A CLE> 9TIMATION ?AT HE 9T5DS TO DEVOTE HIS LIFE TO ! DECIPH]+ ( ?AT 0WORLD04 

,NOT LONG AFT]W>DS1 ! ,GR& ,JEU GR\P W\LD BRIEFLY EMBRACE ! SAME ANGUI%$ HOPE = A ,R5EWAL ( MY? BE=E SUCCUMB+ TO ! *>MS ( ESOT]ICISM1 ,Z51 & ,GURDJIEFF4 ,:5 IT CAME ,SURREALISM'S TURN TO TREAD ! PA? ( MY/ICAL RETREAT1 IT HAS TO BE SAID ?AT IT WAS BETT] >M$ = IT - >M$1 AS IT W]E1 BY A HI<] TALLY ( FAILURES444 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 ,SURREALISM1 9 ITS ATTEMPT TO SALVAGE >T1 HAD ALREADY EXP]I5C$ ! CALL ( ! SACR$1 ! ATTRACTION ( MAGIC1 ! TA/E = ! MY/]I\S & ! TEMPTATIONS ( ! H]METIC TRADITION4 ,IT HAD PURSU$ ALL ( !M TO A DEGREE1 :ILE CONT9U+ TO FOCUS MO/ ( ITS ATT5TION ON ! ADV5TURE ( LOVE1 ! EXPLORATION ( DREAMS1 CREATIVE ACTIVITY1 EV]YDAY LIFE1 & REVOLUTION4 

,COMPROMISE ) ,COMMUNISM C]TA9LY ?REAT5$ ! V]Y S\L ( ,SURREALISM4 ,SO MU* SO1 9 FACT1 ?AT ,BRETON FELT OBLIG$ 79 #a#i#b#i7 TO WRITE3  
  

,I FAIL TO SEE1 :ATEV] C]TA9 N>R[-M9D$ REVOLUTION>IES MAY ?9K1 :Y WE %\LD REFRA9 FROM ADDRESS+ ! QUE/IONS ( LOVE1 DREAMS1 MADNESS1 & SO ON-PROVID$ ALWAYS ?AT WE PLACE !M 9 ! SAME P]SPECTIVE AS ?AT FROM :I* !Y 7& 9DE$ WE TOO7 5VISAGE ! REVOLUTION4  
  

,ONE ( ,SURREALISM'S *IEF FAULTS1 & ONE = :I* EV5 ! MOVEM5T'S BASICALLY IDEOLOGICAL *>ACT] CANNOT BE BLAM$1 IS ?AT IT H&$ OV] ALL RESPONSIBILITY = ! UNIV]SAL REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT TO ,BOL%EVISM1 :I*1 HEW+ FA/ TO ! LOGIC ( ,L59'S WORK1 HAD NEV] DONE ANY?+ BUT UND]M9E ?AT PROJECT4 

,AL?\< ,BRETON DID NOT CONC$E ANY P>T ( :AT HE RI<TLY CONSID]$ TO BE FUNDAM5TAL1 HE C\LD NOT HELP FEEL+ ?AT ! BREAK ) ! OR?ODOX ,COMMUNI/S REPRES5T$ A MOV+ AWAY FROM ! HI/ORICAL POSSIBILITIES OP5$ UP AT 0PRIVILEG$0 MOM5TS ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,?IS WAS TRULY AN 9/ANT :5 IDEOLOGY CAME 9TO PLAY 9 ! MO/ /RIK+ MANN]1 ) ALL ITS P[] TO TURN ! WORLD ON ITS HEAD3 ! DEM&S ( SUBJECTIVITY1 NEV] YET MADE ! BASIS ( ! ACTUAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 W]E N[ TRANS=M$ 9TO ! AB/RACT UND]P9N+S ( AN IDEOLOGY :I* ! CRITICAL-CUM-PRACTICAL ACTION ( REAL HI/ORY W\LD HAVE UTT]LY DISPELL$1 BUT :I* ,L59O-,/AL9ISM M]ELY DUBB$ A 0SOLIPSI/IC IDEOLOGY01 & EXCLUD$ ON ?AT BASIS FROM ITS [N PSEUDO-REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE 7I4E41 ! PRACTICE ( ! BUREAUCRATS74 

,! REVOLUTION>Y FEELS DESPAIR :5 CONFRONT$ BY ! TRANS=MATION ( REAL HI/ORICAL MOVEM5T 9TO IDEOLOGY4 ,! ,SURREALI/S DESPAIR$ ON TWO C\NTS3 AS W\LD-BE REVOLUTION>IES1 !Y HAD AN 9KL+ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y'S DESPAIR2 AT ! SAME TIME !Y FELT ! DESPAIR ( ! IDEOLOGUES !Y W]E AT BE+ EXCLUD$ FROM ! RUL+ REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY 7! ,BOL%EVISM ( ! #a#i#cS74 ,LITTLE WOND] ?AT !Y SAW NO O!R WAY =W>D ?AN RESOLUTELY TO EMBRACE A MY/ICISM F\ND$ ON !IR E>LI] BUT S9CE REPRESS$ COMMITM5TS4 

,SURREALISM ?US PLUMP$ = A MY/IQUE ( LIFE1 & ( ! LIFT+ ( REPRESSION1 JU/ :5 ,NAZISM1 AT ! CULM9ATION ( A P]IOD DUR+ :I* ! ,G]MAN PEOPLE HAD DEMON/RAT$ !IR [N 9CL9ATION TO LEAP 9TO UNREALITY1 WAS PROMOT+ A MY/IQUE ( DEA? & REPRESSION4 

,GEORGES ,BATAILLE WAS CLE>LY AW>E ( ?IS :5 HE CALL$ = ! LIV+ =CES ( ,SURREALISM TO BE ?R[N SIMULTANE\SLY 9TO ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM & 9TO ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,/AL9I/ RUN ANTIFASCI/ FRONTS4 ,?IS IDEA1 9 ANY CASE SOME:AT DUBI\S1 WAS A NON/>T]4 

,! TIME HAD COME1 SO F> AS ! ,SURREALI/S W]E CONC]N$1 TO LI/5 TO ,>TAUD'S WORDS FROM AN E>LI] DAY3  
  

,5\< LANGUAGE GAMES1 5\< SYNTACTICAL TRICKS1 5\< WORD-JUGGL+ & PHRASE-MAK+6 ,WE MU/ N[ SEEK ! GREAT ,LAW ( ! HE>T1 ?AT ,LAW :I* IS NOT A ,LAW1 NOT A PRISON1 BUT A GUIDE = ! ,M9D LO/ 9 ITS [N LABYR9?4  
  

,SURREALISM'S TURN TO METAPHYSICS1 H[EV]1 WAS NOT JU/ A RESPONSE TO 9DIVIDUAL CONFUSIONS OR TO A P>TICUL> SET ( CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,! PA9T]S' LOBBY1 NEV] MU* 9T]E/$ 9 ! POLITICAL DEBATE1 WAS MU* RELIEV$ TO SEE ! MOVEM5T TAK+ A MY/ICAL TACK4 ,ALREADY ATTA*$ TO ! NOTION ( ! MAGIC ( ! CREATIVE ACT1 ?IS T5D5CY HAD EV]Y?+ TO GA9 FROM A REVITALIZATION ( MY? C5T]$ ON ! IDEA ( BEAUTY & ON >T AS A MIRROR ( ! M>VEL\S4 ,SU* A P]SPECTIVE W\LD ALL[ ! PA9T]S TO DEVOTE !MSELVES 5TIRELY TO MATT]S ES!TIC :ILE L\DLY D5Y+ ANY CONCESSION TO ES!TICISM4 ,!IR 9FLU5CE ON ,SURREALISM'S *ANGE ( C\RSE WAS C]TA9LY NOT NEGLIGIBLE4 

,AT ALL EV5TS1 ! APPE>ANCE ( 0,PROLEGOM5A TO A ,?IRD ,SURREALI/ ,MANIFE/O OR ,NOT01 9 #a#i#d#b1 CLE>LY M>KS ! %IFT TO A PURELY METAPHYSICAL POSITION4 ,! CONCLUSION ( ?IS TEXT1 9 P>TICUL>1 GIVES ! MEASURE ( ! NEW ORI5TATION2 IT ALSO EXPOSES ! CLOSE K9%IP BETWE5 ?AT ORI5TATION & ! GOALS E>LI] SET = HIMSELF BY ,>TAUD4 ,UND] ! HEAD+ 0,! ,GREAT ,TRANSP>5T ,ONES01 ,BRETON WRITES3  
  

,MAN IS P]HAPS NOT ! C5T]1 ! CYNOSURE ( ! UNIV]SE4 ,ONE CAN GO SO F> AS TO BELIEVE ?AT !RE EXI/ ABOVE HIM1 ON ! ANIMAL SCALE1 BE+S :OSE BEHAVIOR IS AS /RANGE TO HIM AS HIS MAY BE TO ! MAYFLY OR ! :ALE4 ,NO?+ NECESS>ILY /&S 9 ! WAY ( !SE CREATURES' BE+ ABLE TO COMPLETELY ESCAPE MAN'S S5SORY SY/EM ( REF]5CES ?R\< A CAM\FLAGE ( :ATEV] SORT ONE C>ES TO IMAG9E1 ?\< ! POSSIBILITY ( SU* A CAM\FLAGE IS POSIT$ ONLY BY ! !ORY ( =MS & ! /UDY ( MIMETIC ANIMALS4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT !RE IS AMPLE ROOM = SPECULATION H]E1 EV5 ?\< ?IS IDEA T5DS TO PLACE MAN 9 ! SAME MODE/ CONDITIONS ( 9T]PRETATION ( HIS [N UNIV]SE AS ! *ILD :O IS PLEAS$ TO =M HIS CONCEPTION ( AN ANT FROM ITS UND]SIDE JU/ AFT] HE HAS KICK$ OV] AN AN?ILL4 ,9 CONSID]+ DI/URBANCES SU* AS CYCLONES1 9 FACE ( :I* MAN IS P[]LESS TO BE ANY?+ BUT A VICTIM OR A WITNESS1 OR ?OSE SU* AS W>1 NOTORI\SLY 9ADEQUATE V]SIONS ( :I* >E SET =?1 IT W\LD NOT BE IMPOSSIBLE1 9 ! C\RSE ( A VA/ WORK OV] :I* ! MO/ D>+ SORT ( 9DUCTION %\LD NEV] CEASE TO PRESIDE1 TO APPROXIMATE ! /RUCTURE & ! CON/ITUTION ( SU* HYPO!TICAL BE+S 7:I* MY/]I\SLY REVEAL !MSELVES TO US :5 WE >E AFRAID & :5 WE >E CONSCI\S ( ! WORK+S ( *ANCE7 TO ! PO9T :]E !Y BECOME CR$IBLE4 

,I ?9K IT NECESS>Y TO PO9T \T ?AT ,I AM NOT DEP>T+ APPRECIABLY FROM ,NOVALIS' TE/IMONY3 0,9 REALITY WE LIVE 9 AN ANIMAL :OSE P>ASITES WE >E4 ,! CON/ITUTION ( ?IS ANIMAL DET]M9ES \RS & VISE V]SA10 & ?AT ,I AM ONLY AGREE+ ) A ?\<T ( ,WILLIAM ,JAMES'S3 0,:O KN[S :E!R1 9 NATURE1 WE DO NOT OCCUPY JU/ AS SMALL A PLACE ALONGSIDE BE+S :OSE EXI/5CE WE DO NOT SUSPECT AS \R CATS & DOGS ?AT LIVE ) US 9 \R HOMES80 ,EV5 LE>N$ M5 DO NOT ALL CONTRADICT ?IS VIEW ( ?+S3 0,P]HAPS !RE CIRCLE R\ND AB\T US BE+S BUILT ON ! SAME PLAN AS WE >E1 BUT DIFF]5T1 M5 = EXAMPLE :OSE ALBUM9S >E /RAI<T10 SAID ,EMILE ,DUCLAUX1 A =M] DIRECTOR ( ! ,PA/EUR ,9/ITUTE 7#a#h#d-#a#i#d74 

,A NEW MY?8 ,MU/ !SE BE+S BE CONV9C$ ?AT !Y RESULT FROM A MIRAGE OR MU/ !Y BE GIV5 A *ANCE TO %[ !MSELVES8  
  

,AS FANTA/IC AS ,BRETON'S HYPO!SIS MAY APPE> AT FIR/ SI<T1 IT CA/S AN UNBL9K+ EYE ON ! PO/URE ( ,SURREALISM 9 ITS F9AL P]IOD4 ,IT FL[S FROM ! SAME JUDGM5T AS ?AT MADE BY ! ,NIETZS*E :O EXHORT$ US TO EMBRACE AN AMOR FATI - TO LOVE \R FATE4 ,IT PO/ULATES ?AT WE HAVE TO *OOSE BETWE5 SUBMISSION TO ! WRET*$ VICISSITUDES ( EV]YDAY LIFE & A V[ ( FEALTY TO MY/]I\S =CES ?AT 9T]V5E 9 ! GUISE ( LUCK OR ILL LUCK 9 ! 5T]PRISES ( ! 9DIVIDUAL WILL4 ,!SE =CES 7& IT IS EASY TO SEE H[ DUPLICIT\SLY 9DIVIDUAL SUBJECTIVITY1 ONCE DEPRIV$ ( ITS MAT]IAL & HI/ORICAL PROSPECTS ( SELF-REALIZATION1 WILL 9V5T1 :ILE FEIGN+ TO DISCOV] !M7 DO NOT SUPPOS$LY REQUIRE US TO RECONCILE \RSELVES ) !M BY MEANS ( RELIGI\S OR MAGICAL RITES2 RA!R1 \R TASK IS TO PROVOKE !IR EM]G5CE ?R\< A PATI5T DECANT+ ( ALL \R FACULTIES1 ALL \R S5SES4 ,?IS IS AN AL*EMICAL PROC$URE1 9 FACT1 ITS GOAL ! GOAL ONCE S\<T BY ! H]METIC TRADITION2 &1 SURE 5\<1 FROM ?IS PO9T ON ! H]METIC ?9K]S W\LD BE 9DUCT$ 9 =CE 9TO ! ,SURREALI/ PAN!ON4 

,! MO/ CURSORY READ+ LEAVES US 9 NO D\BT ?AT ,BRETON IS IMPLICITLY POSIT+ ! P]MAN5CE ( HUMAN ALI5ATION1 ASS]T+ ?AT !RE IS NO WAY ( EV] DIS5TANGL+ \RSELVES FROM ITS ?RALL4 ,& UPON ?IS BASIS HE PROCE$S TO SET UP AN OPPOSITION1 & A CONFLICT1 BETWE5 ! PRESUM$ POSITIVITY ( A SACROSANCT ALI5ATION & ! NEGATIVITY ( ! ALI5ATION ( ! PRES5T1 ALI5ATION AS AN IMM$IATE DATUM ( \R CURR5T /ATE ( SURVIVAL UND] ! RULE ( ! SPECTACLE4 

,?US ! ,SURREALI/S TOOK UP ! DEF5SE ( MY?1 AT A TIME :5 MY? NO LONG] EXI/$1 AGA9/ ! SPECTACLE1 :I* WAS EV]Y:]E4 ,!Y W]E ,DON ,QUIXOTES TILT+ AGA9/ H\S+ PROJECTS2 NO ONE 9 ?AT TUNE ( *ANGE SO MU* RESEMBL$ ! ,C]VANTES *>ACT] AS !SE LATT]-DAY KNI<TS W&]+ BETWE5 ! DEVIL ( TOTAL FRE$OM & ! DEA? ( CULTURE4 

,TO !SE AG+ M51 SCL]OTIC FROM SO MANY DEFEATS YET /ILL ANIMAT$ BY AN UN%AKABLE 5?USIASM1 ! P>ALLEL & M5TALLY ACCESSIBLE UNIV]SE ( GODS & H]OES ( MY? & LEG5D HELD \T ! PROSPECT ( 9TELLECTUAL ADV5TURE VIA ! CONCRETE ACTIVITY ( ! CREATOR & DISCOV]] ( MEAN+S1 VIA ! 9V5TION & CELEBRATION ( OBSCURE GUIDES1 VIA ! A?ANOR ( ALL ! ,GREAT ,WORKS ( ! POSSIBLE4 

,! BE/ ANALOGY H]E IS NOT H>D TO F9D1 = IT LIES 9 ! EPIC & WORLD ( ! ,CELTS1 = :OM ! ,SURREALI/S N[ CONCEIV$ A MO/ VIGOR\S ADMIRATION1 AS WITNESS ,JEAN ,M>KALE'S ACC\NT ( ,L',EPOPEE CELTIQUE 5 ,BRETAGNE .<,! ,CELTIC ,EPIC 9 ,BRITTANY.>3  
  

,FIR/ !RE IS ! ,QUE/1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! SE>* 79 EV]Y SPH]E1 BUT MO/ ESPECIALLY ) RESPECT TO ,MAN'S EQUILIBRIUM & HAPP9ESS7 = COMPLETE H>MONY ) NATURE4 ,BUT HAPP9ESS IS A*IEV$ ONLY AFT] A :OLE S]IES ( TRIALS - ! TRIALS ( LIFE ITSELF1 VIOL5T1 H>D1 & BLOODY2 ONLY !N DOES ,MAN COME TO KN[1 DOES HE LE>N ! MIRACUL\S =MULA ?AT ALL[S HIM TO FACE HIS DE/9Y1 = ?IS MIRACUL\S P[] CAN BE TAU<T BY NO ONE3 ONLY HE HIMSELF HAS ! ABILITY TO MAKE IT \T1 PIECE BY PIECE1 ALONG ! ROADS HE TRAVELS1 9 BATTLES HAUNT$ BY DEA?1 9 ! VICTORY ?AT HE HOLDS 9 HIS H&S4 

,!N !RE IS ! QUE/ = ,WOMAN1 ! ,*OS5 ,ONE1 :O AT TIMES TAKES ON A DIFF]5T C\NT5ANCE ! BETT] TO LEAD ,MAN A/RAY1 ! BETT] TO MAKE HIM PROVE HIS WOR?1 ! BETT] TO METAMORPHOSE HIM4 ,= ! WOMAN ( ! ,BRETON EPIC IS NECESS>ILY A FAIRY1 A GODDESS3 %E HAS P[]S ?AT NO MAN CAN SNAT* AWAY FROM H]1 AL?\< %E MAY BE/[ !M1 IF %E SO WI%ES1 UPON A MAN ( H] *OOS+4 ,= ,WOMAN IS EV] SOV]EIGN1 :E!R %E IS A M]E S]VANT GIRL OR ONE ( ?OSE MY/]I\S MAID5S :O SO (T5 MAKE !IR APPE>ANCE 9 SOME CA/LE LOOM+ FROM ! %AD[S ( ! NI<T ONLY TO VANI% COME MORN+ 9TO ! MI/S ( MEMORY4 

,!RE IS ALSO :AT IS CALL$ ! ,QUE/ 9 ! ,O!R ,WORLD1 ! SE>* = ! TREASURES HIDD5 9 ?AT ,WORLD1 :I* CANNOT BE V]Y F> AWAY1 S9CE IT IS EV]Y:]E PRES5T - AT EV]Y TWI/ 9 ! ROAD1 9 A VALLEY DOM9AT$ BY A CA/LE1 9 A =E/ CLE>+1 OR ON A M\ND BLA/$ BETIMES BY /ORMS :OSE WILD LI<TN+ FLA%ES TRANS=M ! L&SCAPE4 ,?IS IS A P]MAN5T DESC5T 9TO HELL1 9TO ,MAN'S DEEPE/ CORE1 9TO ! %AD[IE/ L&S ( HIS CONSCI\SNESS1 HIS IMAG9+S & HIS DREAMS4 ,BUT WE ALWAYS RETURN1 = M9D ALWAYS TRIUMPHS OV] MATT]4 ,DEA? ITSELF DOES NOT EXI/3 IT IS D5I$4 ,>?UR SLUMB]S YET ON ! ,ISLE ( ,AVALON OR 9 SOME CAV]N B5EA? ! E>?3 HE WILL RETURN4  
  

,ALL ! *>ACT]I/IC !MES ( ,CELTIC LIT]ATURE SUPPLI$ ! BASE MAT]IAL \T ( :I* PO/W> ,SURREALISM DREAM$ ( CON/RUCT+ A NEW MY?ICAL IMAG]Y4 ,!SE !MES HAD ( C\RSE BE5 PRES5T 9 ,SURREALISM FROM ! BEG9N+1 COMPLETE ) !IR SACR$ ASPECT4 ,! TURN T[>DS ! ,BEYOND1 T[>DS ! IMMAN5CE ( ! MY?-TO-BE-LIV$1 MEANT A RETURN TO LOVE1 DREAMS1 MADNESS1 *ILDHOOD1 ! SAVAGE EYE1 M9]AL CO9CID5CES1 ! AL*EMICAL TRADITION1 ! >T ( ! ,S\? ,SEAS1 ( ! ,9DIANS1 ( ! ,CELTS1 M$IUMI/IC EXP]IM5TATION1 AUTOMATISM1 ETC4 ,& ALL ( !M W]E N[ FLUNG TOGE!R 9 A V]ITABLE :IRLW9D ( CONSOLIDATION4 

,:5 HE DISCOV]$ ,F\RI]'S WORK1 ,BRETON SAW IT PRIM>ILY AS A 0HI]OGLYPHIC 9T]PRETATION ( ! WORLD BAS$ ON ! ANALOGY BETWE5 ! HUMAN PASSIONS & ! PRODUCTS ( ! ?REE REALMS ( NATURE40 ,9 0,ON ,SURREALISM 9 ,ITS ,LIV+ ,WORKS0 7#a#i#e#c71 HE WAS MORE SPECIFIC3  
  

,! M9D !N PROVES TO ITSELF1 FRAGM5T>ILY ( C\RSE1 BUT AT ! LEA/ BY ITSELF1 ?AT 0EV]Y?+ ABOVE IS LIKE EV]Y?+ BEL[0 & EV]Y?+ 9SIDE IS LIKE EV]Y?+ \TSIDE4 ,! WORLD !REUPON SEEMS TO BE LIKE A CRYPTOGRAM :I* REMA9S 9DECIPH]ABLE ONLY SO LONG AS ONE IS NOT ?OR\<LY FAMILI> ) ! GYMNA/ICS ?AT P]MIT ONE TO PASS AT WILL FROM ONE PIECE ( APP>ATUS TO ANO!R4  
  

,9 ! G5]AL CONV]SION ( ,SURREALI/ VALUES1 :I* WAS GOV]N$ BY ! HOPE ( 9/ITUT+ A MY?ICAL $IFICE CAPABLE ( FO/]+ NEW =MS ( ACTION1 ! IMPORTANCE ( LANGUAGE REMA9$ C>D9AL1 P>TICUL>LY ! IMPORTANCE ( POETIC 9TUITION1 :I*1  
  

F9ALLY UNLEA%$ BY ,SURREALISM1 SEEKS NOT ONLY TO ASSIMILATE ALL KN[N =MS BUT ALSO BOLDLY TO CREATE NEW =MS - ?AT IS TO SAY1 TO BE 9 A POSITION TO EMBRACE ALL ! /RUCTURES ( ! WORLD1 MANIFE/$ OR NOT4 ,IT ALONE PROVIDES ! ?READ ?AT CAN PUT US BACK ON ! ROAD ( ,GNOSIS AS KN[L$GE ( SUPRAS5SIBLE ,REALITY1 09VISIBLY VISIBLE 9 AN ET]NAL MY/]Y04  
  

,PREV5T$ BY ITS IDEOLOGICAL NATURE FROM ACC$+ TO A CRITICAL USE ( LANGUAGE1 & AT ! SAME TIME DECL9+ TO 5GAGE 9 ANY EFFECTIVE CRITIQUE ( ! RUL+ LANGUAGE1 ,SURREALISM 5D$ UP DEF9+ ITSELF AS A QUE/ = ! ORIG9AL1 MAGICAL K]NEL ( ?+S1 = :AT MI<T BE CALL$ ! LANGUAGE ( ! GODS4 ,AS ,BRETON PUT IT1 0,! :OLE PO9T1 = ,SURREALISM1 WAS TO CONV9CE \RSELVES ?AT WE HAD GOT \R H&S ON ! 'PRIME MATT] 79 ! AL*EMICAL S5SE7 ( LANGUAGE0 - 9 O!R WORDS1 LANGUAGE 9 ITS PRIMITIVE =M1 AS IT EXI/$ PRIOR TO ANY DI/9CTION BETWE5 SPEE* & DISC\RSE4 ,AS = ! K9D ( 9TELLIG5CE ?AT MADE SU* A RETURN 0POSSIBLE1 & EV5 CONCEIVABLE1 IT WAS1 9 ,BRETON'S VIEW1 0NONE O!R ?AN ?AT :I* HAS ALWAYS MOV$ OCCULT PHILOSOPHY04 

,9 ! #a#i#dS ! PA9T] ,WOLFGANG ,PAAL5 CAME TO A SIMIL> CONCLUSION ) RESPECT TO PICTORIAL LANGUAGE4 ,ASK+ 0,:AT TO PA9T801 ,PAAL5 SUGGE/$ ?AT >TI/S %\LD ATTEMPT ! 0DIRECT VISUALIZATION ( ! =CES ?AT MOVE US1 BO? PHYSICALLY & EMOTIONALLY04 ,HE CALL$ ?IS APPROA* A 0PLA/IC COSMOGONY04 

,! TEXTS ?AT ,DEMOS & ,CREVEL HAD DICTAT$ :ILE PLUNG$ 9TO M$IUMI/IC TRANCES BACK >\ND #aibe W]E N[ SE5 AS OP]AT+ 9 V]Y MU* ! SAME WAY AS ! MANUALS ( ! AL*EMI/S4 ,= ,SURREALISM1 ?IS WAS EVID5CE ( ! MOVEM5T'S K9%IP ) ! H]METIC TRADITION4 ,MY?ICALLY RE/OR$1 ! UNITY ( LANGUAGE & WORLD MEANT ?AT DIFF]5T K9DS ( PH5OM5A C\LD N[ BE PUT ON ! SAME PLANE & SO BECOME SUBJECT TO ASSOCIATIONS & CORRESPOND5CES4 ,! %>PE/ ATT5TION WAS PAID1 H[EV]1 TO PREMONITIONS1 OBJECTIVE *ANCE & ! V>I\S =MS ( OCCULTISM = :I* ,SURREALISM HAD ALWAYS HAD A LAT5T AFF9ITY4 

,BRETON HAD ALREADY BE5 /RUCK 7AS HE REC\NTS AT L5G? 9 ,MAD ,LOVE7 BY ! ACCURACY ) :I* HIS POEM 0,SUNFL[]0 7#a#i#b#c7 =ETOLD ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( AN ESPECIALLY SIGNIFICANT ROMANTIC 5C\NT] ( HIS3  
  

,! TRAVEL] PASS+ ?R\< ! ,HALLES AT SUMM]FALL 

,WAS WALK+ ON H] TIPTOES 

,DESPAIR WAS SWIRL+ ITS GREAT LOVELY CALLS LILIES 9 ! SKY 

,& 9 ! H&BAG WAS MY DREAM ?AT FLASK ( SALTS 

,ONLY ,GOD'S GODMO!R HAD BREA!D 

,TORPOR SPREAD LIKE MI/ 

,AT ! ,SMOK+ ,DOG ,CAFE 

,:]E ! PRO & ! CON HAD JU/ COME 9 

,! Y\NG WOMAN C\LD SC>CELY BE SE5 BY !M1 & ONLY ASKANCE 

,WAS ,I SPEAK+ ) ! AMBASSADRESS ( SALTPET] 

,OR ( ! :ITE CURVE ON BLACK GR\ND ?AT WE CALL ?\<T  
  

,BRETON CITES SEV]AL O!R DISCONC]T+ CO9CID5CES1 AMONG !M DE ,*IRICO'S CIRCL+ ( ,APOLL9AIRE'S TEMPLE 9 A PORTRAIT DONE LONG BE=E ! POET1 AFT] BE+ TREPANN$1 WAS OBLIG$ TO COV] ! SPOT ) A LEA!R PAT*2 OR1 AGA91 ! L>GE NUMB] ( CANVASES 9 :I* ,VICTOR ,BRAUN] RECORD$ A HAUNT+ OBSESSION ) OCUL> MUTILATION JU/ %ORTLY BE=E AN ACCID5T ?AT CO/ HIM AN EYE4 ,ALL SU* EV5TS W\LD N[ CON/ITUTE A :OLE = ! ,SURREALI/S - A :OLE NO:]E BETT] EXEMPLIFI$ ?AN 9 ! DREAM4 

,REC\NT$ OR ANALYZ$1 DREAMS N[ BECAME EI!R LIT]>Y OBJECTS OR ! SUBJECTS ( COMMON-OR-G>D5 ,FREUDIAN 9T]PRETATION4 ,ASIDE FROM !IR ADMIRATION = ,F]D9& ,*EVAL1 :O HAD WELL & TRULY SET AB\T REALIZ+ HIS DREAM 9 ! %APE ( HIS ,IDEAL ,PALACE1 ! ,SURREALI/S NEV] DEVELOP$ ! P]SPECTIVE ( ! PRACTICAL REALIZATION ( DREAMS MU* BEYOND VAGUELY PROPHETIC $ICTS3 0,! POET ( ! FUTURE01 ACCORD+ TO ,BRETON & ,ELU>D'S ,DICTIONNAIRE ABREGE DU SURREALISME 7#a#i#c#h71 0WILL SURM\NT ! DEPRESS+ IDEA ( AN UNBRIDGEABLE GAP BETWE5 ACTIONS & DREAMS40 ,! TURN TO MY/ICISM RESOLV$ ?IS T5SION SOLELY ON ! PLANE ( AN AB/RACT COH]5CE4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ! DREAM WAS ! M>VEL\S 9 MICROCOSM1 LY+ )9 EV]YONE'S REA*4 ,AS ,P>ACLESUS RECOMM5D$1 0,LET ALL EXAM9E !IR [N DREAMS1 = EA* IS HIS [N 9T]PRET]40 ,H]E WAS ! 9DIVIDUAL'S WAY ( 9ITIATION 9TO ! 0PRACTICE0 ( MY?1 A WAY :I* OP5$ 7& ?IS IS ! SECOND PO9T7 ONTO A PANOPTICAL PROSPECT1 9 ACCORDANCE1 ONCE AGA91 ) ,P>ACELSUS3 0,= ,I TELL Y\1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO SEE EV]Y?+ ?R\< ! M9D0 7,PHILOSOPHIA OCCULTA74 ,MY? WAS ?US ! IDEAL PRECONDITION = ! EXPANSION ( ! DREAM UNIV]SE1 ! UNREAL REALITY ( A FUNDAM5TAL UNITY ( SELF & WORLD - ?AT /ATE :I* ,K>L ,PHILIPP ,MORITZ HAD DESCRIB$ 9 HIS ,FRAGM5TE AUS DEM ,TAGEBU*E E9ES ,GEI/]SEH]S .<,J\RNAL ( A ,VISION>Y1 #a#g#h#g.> AS 0! 9EFFABLE JOY ( F9D+ MYSELF \TSIDE MYSELF444 ,I HAD LO/ ALL S5SE ( PLACE - ,I WAS NO:]E & EV]Y:]E AT ! SAME TIME4 ,I FELT DELIV]$ FROM ! ORD] ( ?+S1 OR ?RU/ \T ( IT1 & ,I NO LONG] HAD ANY NE$ ( SPACE40 

,IT WAS P]HAPS1 ONCE AGA91 ,B5JAM9 ,PE]T :O (F]$ ! MO/ OM9\S ACC\NT ( ?IS DREAM SY/EM1 AT ! SAME TIME PUTT+ HIS F+] ON ITS PO9T ( POT5TIAL SELF-TRANSC5D5CE1 ITS 9T]NAL NE$ = OBJECTIVE REALIZATION3 0,HE>D 9 ! MORN+ ON #b ,MAY LA/1 9 A HALF-SLUMB] PUNCTUAT$ BY CONFUS+ IMAGES ( ! ,>AGON FRONT1 :I* ,I HAD LEFT ?REE WEEKS E>LI]1 ! FOLL[+ S5T5CE %OOK ME SUDD5LY AWAKE3 ,DURRUTI'S EGG WILL HAT*40 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT AT ALL ?AT 9 ,PE]T'S M9D EV]Y POSSIBLE MEASURE HAD TO BE TAK5 TO FULFILL 7OR TO 5SURE ?AT O!RS W\LD SOM$AY FULFILL7 ?IS DREAM-BORNE PROPHECY4 

,! ,SURREALI/ EXPLORATION ( HUMAN LIMITS & POT5TIALITIES LIKEWISE FELT ! IMPACT ( ! *ANGE TO A MY/ICAL VISION ( ?+S4 ,! EXP]IM5TAL APPROA* TO ! HUMAN WAS REPLAC$ BY A PURIFICATION ( ! EGO BY VIRTUE ( ! AL*EMICAL ,GREAT ,WORK4 ,CONCRETE PROBLEMS ( SUBJECTIVITY BECAME PROBLEMS ( BE+4 ,?IS ONTOLOGICAL %IFT IMPLI$ A MOVEM5T FROM 9T]NAL TO EXT]NAL & EVOK$ A COSMIC UNITY DIVE/$ ( ALL AN?ROPOC5TRISM :]E ! =CES ( ! M9]AL1 VEGETABLE & HUMAN WORLDS ALL HAD !IR P>TS TO PLAY - A UNIV]SE :]E1 9 ,]NE ,GU5ON'S =MULATION1 AS APPROV$ BY ,BRETON1 0HI/ORICAL FACTS HAVE NO VALUE SAVE AS SYMBOLS ( SPIRITUAL REALITIES04 ,?IS VIEW1 :I* T5D$ T[>DS AN ABSOLUTE OBJECTIVE IDEALISM1 WAS TO F9D ITS POET 9 ,MALCOLM DE ,*AZAL1 :OSE S5SITIVE ANALYTICAL P[]S & MA/]Y ( G5]AL METAPHORS >E DISPLAY$ 9 HIS ,S5S PLA/IQUE 7#a#i#d#g74 

,LA/LY 7?\< ?IS DOES NOT EXHAU/ ! AV5UES PURSU$ BY ! ,SURREALI/ 0QUE/071 WE MU/ NOTE ! METAMORPHOSIS ( ! PASSION ( LOVE 9TO A V]ITABLE CULT ( ,WOMAN4 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION A PASSAGE FROM ,MI*EL ,LEIRIS'S ,LE ,PO9T C>D9AL 7#a#i#b#e7 CLE>LY =E%AD[$ :AT WAS TO COME3  
  

,!N ,I SAW ?AT ! ,+5UE1 H] EYELIDS /ILL L[]$1 WAS DRAW+ MY ATT5TION BY MEANS ( AN OBSC5E MOTION ( H] H& TO ! PORTAL ( H] ?I<S4 ,I CONCLUD$ FROM ?IS GE/URE ?AT ,I WAS BE+ %[N ! ONLY WAY \T ( ! B$ROOM ?AT REMA9$ OP5 TO ME4  
  

,= MAD LOVE1 ) ! POSSIBILITY ( ITS ACTUALIZATION BLOCK$ BY HI/ORICAL UPHEAVAL1 & CONSID]+ ! DISGU/ IT IMPLI$ = :AT ,BRETON CALL$ 0! AMOR\S IDEAL ( PSEUDO-C\PLES RUL$ BY RESIGNATION & CYNICISM & H5CE EMBODY+ ! PR9CIPLE ( !IR [N DIS9TEGRATION0 - = MAD LOVE1 ! ONLY WAY \T WAS A MUTATION 9TO SUBLIME LOVE1 BAS$ ON A CONSECRATION ( ! FEMALE G5ITALS 7:I* MY? LO/ NO TIME 9VE/+ ) ! MEAN+S ( LIFE & DEA?1 ( P5ETRATION & ( *?ONIAN DEP?S1 ( ! VISIBLE & ! HIDD51 ( AIR & E>?1 & SO =?74 

,?US ,BRETON'S HYMN TO ! GLORY ( ,MELUS9A1 9 ,>CANUM #a#g1 BETOK5S AN AB&ONM5T ( ! LOVE CELEBRAT$ 9 ,L',AM\R F\3  
  

,LOVE1 ONLY LOVE ?AT Y\ >E1 C>NAL LOVE1 ,I ADORE1 ,I HAVE NEV] CEAS$ TO ADORE1 Y\R LE?AL %AD[1 Y\R MORTAL %AD[4 ,A DAY WILL COME :5 MAN WILL BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE Y\ = HIS ONLY MA/]1 HONOR+ Y\ EV5 9 ! MY/]I\S P]V]SIONS Y\ SURR\ND HIM )4  
  

,?AT LOVE GIVES WAY1 ?\< ) NO EXPLICIT ACKN[L$GM5T1 TO ! MY/]Y ( ,WOMAN1 LO/ ONLY TO BE F\ND ONCE MORE1 UNIT+ 9 H] P]SON ALL ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! WORLD3  
  

,MELUS9A AFT] ! SCREAM1 ,MELUS9A BEL[ ! BU/1 ,I SEE H] SCALES MIRROR$ 9 ! AUTUMN SKY4 ,H] RADIANT COIL TWI/S ?REE TIMES >\ND A WOOD$ HILL1 :I* UNDULATES 9 WAVES ?AT FOLL[ A SCORE :]E ALL ! H>MONIES >E TUN$ TO1 & REV]B]ATE )1 ?OSE ( ! NA/URTIUM 9 BLOOM444  
  

,MELUS9A BEL[ ! BU/ IS GILD$ BY ALL ! REFLECTIONS ( ! SUN (F ! FALL FOLIAGE4 ,! SNAKES ( H] LEGS DANCE TO ! BEAT ( ! TAMB\R9E1 ! FI% ( H] LEGS DOVE & !IR HEADS REAPPE> ELSE:]E AS IF HANG+ FROM ! WORDS ( ?AT PRIE/ :O PREA*$ AMONG ! SCORPION GRASS1 ! BIRDS ( H] LEGS DRAPE H] ) AIRY NETT+4 ,MELUS9A HALF-RECLAIM$ BY PANIC-/RICK5 LIFE1 ,MELUS9A ) L[] JO9TS ( BROK5 /ONES OR AQUATIC PLANTS OR ! D[N ( A NE/1 %E'S ! ONE ,I 9VOKE1 %E'S ! ONLY ONE ,I CAN SEE :O C\LD R$EEM ?IS SAVAGE EPO*4 

,! MONOGAM\S 9CL9ATION ( MO/ ( ! ,SURREALI/S WAS H]E) (F]$ A TRANSC5D5T JU/IFICATION F> BETT] SUIT$ TO IT ?AN AN ANTI-LIB]T9E E?IC :I* HAD OCCASIONALLY TAK5 ON AN UNPLEASANT AU?ORIT>IANISM & (T5 TURN$ 9TO A HYPOCRITICAL GLORIFICATION ( FIDELITY1 & BY EXT5SION ( JEAL\SY4 ,RESPOND+ TO ,PE]T'S 9JUNCTION1 9 HIS ,AN?OLOGIE DE L'>MOR SUBLIME1 TO 0HAIL WOMAN AS ! OBJECT ( ALL V5]ATION01 ,BRETON WROTE3  
  

,IT IS SOLELY ON ?IS CONDITION1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 ?AT LOVE CAN COME TO BE 9C>NAT$ 9 A S+LE BE+4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME P]SONALLY ?AT SU* A PROCESS CANNOT BE FULLY CONCLUD$ UNLESS ! V5]ATION ( :I* ! WOMAN IS ! OBJECT IS NOT %>$ AT ALL1 BECAUSE ?AT W\LD AM\NT = H] TO A K9D ( FRU/RATION4  
  

,SOME DAY ! DUBI\S ASPECT ( RE/RICTIONS ( ?IS SORT WILL NE$ TO BE CL>IFI$ 9 ! LI<T ( ! NOTION ( SACRIFICE - ! PILL> ( ALL RELIGIONS1 & MO/ ESPECIALLY ( ! ,*RI/IAN ONE4 ,! FACT IS ?AT ,BRETON NEV] ATTACK$ ?IS NOTION1 9DE$ ON OCCASION HE EMBRAC$ IT ) A WILL4 

,AN ,ANTI-,*RI/IAN ,ECUM5ISM 

  

,ONE QUE/ION MU/ HAVE >IS5 V]Y SOON = ?OSE SEEK+ ! CONSECRATION ( ,SURREALI/ VALUES 9 ! ATTEMPT TO RECON/RUCT A NEW MY?IC UNITY3 H[ W]E ! V]Y NOTIONS ( ! SACR$ & ! MY?ICAL TO BE SEP>AT$ \T FROM RELIGI\S SY/EMS8 ,! B\ND>IES >E C]TA9LY DIFFICULT TO FIX1 & P]HAPS :5 ALL IS SAID & DONE IT SC>CELY MATT]S :E!R REF]5CE IS MADE TO ,CELTIC H]OES1 OR TO ! VIRTUES EXTOLL$ 9 ! ,SAGAS1 RA!R ?AN TO ,JESUS ,*RI/4 ,BE ?AT AS IT MAY1 ,SURREALISM1 :I* IS H>DLY OP5 TO ! *>GE ( 9DULG5CE T[>DS ,*RI/IANITY1 CANNOT1 SIMPLY BY PREF]R+ ! H]E-BEL[ TO ! ,BEYOND1 EVADE ! REPROA*1 :I* IT \<T TO HAVE ADDRESS$ TO ITSELF1 ?AT BY PLUNG+ 9TO ! MI/S ( ! TRANSC5D5T IT WAS AT ! V]Y LEA/ AB&ON+ ALL HOPE ( *ANG+ LIFE &1 CONCOMITANTLY1 TRANS=M+ ! WORLD-A HOPE ?AT IT HAD ALWAYS PREVI\SLY SU/A9$1 EV5 IF ! MOVEM5T'S IDEOLOGICAL NATURE PRECLUD$ ANY G5U9E PRACTICAL PURSUIT ( IT4 ,IT IS NOT POSSIBLE = MY? TO OP]ATE TODAY3 !RE IS ONLY ! SPECTACLE1 & ! SPECTACLE ALONE RULES4 ,PLAC$ N[ 9 A P]SPECTIVE SO /RONGLY 9CL9$ TO PUT SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 9 BRACKETS1 ! ,SURREALI/S' OPPOSITION TO RELIGION WAS B\ND TO LOSE MU* ( ! =CE IT HAD HAD 9 ,LE ,SURREALISME AU ,S]VICE DE LA ,REVOLUTION1 OR = ,PE]T1 & IT SOON TOOK ON ! AMBIGU\S *>ACT] ( AN ANTI-RELIGI\S ECUM5ISM4 

,9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#d#e1 9 HIS ,SUPPLEM5T AUX ,LETTRES DE ,RODEZ1 ,>TAUD PROCLAIM$3 0,AS = ME1 ,>TAUD1 ,I HAVE NO USE = ,GOD1 & ,I REFUSE TO C\NT5ANCE ANYONE'S F\ND+ A RELIGION ON MY BACKBONE OR ON MY BRA940 ,?IS PRON\NCEM5T DID NOT PREV5T A FEW RUMORMONG]S FROM PUTT+ IT AB\T ?AT ,>TAUD HAD UND]GONE A CONV]SION4 ,IT WAS AGA9/ ?IS CALUMNY1 ! MODEL = :I* ,PAUL ,CLAUDEL HAD SUPPLI$ ) HIS ATTEMPT TO CO-OPT ,RIMBAUD1 & V]SIONS ( :I* HAD REC5TLY BE5 DIRECT$ 9 AN EQUALLY \TRAGE\S MANN] AT DE ,SADE & ,NIETZS*E1 ?AT ! ,SURREALI/ PAMPHLET ( #a#i#d#h1 ,A LA NI*E LES GLAPISSEURS DE ,DIEU6 .<,BACK TO ! ,K5NEL ) ,GOD'S ,YAPP+ ,DOGS6.> WAS A WELL-JU/IFI$ PROTE/4 ,BUT :AT IS ONE TO ?9K ( ! FACT ?AT ONLY %ORTLY AFT]W>DS ,BRETON & HIS FRI5DS W5T ALONG ) A BLATANT ATTEMPT TO CO-OPT ,SURREALISM BY ! ,*RI/IAN ,MI*EL ,C>R\GES1 ) :OM !Y EV5TUALLY BROKE (F SOLELY ON ! BASIS ( 9T]NAL DISAGREEM5TS8 

,! SAME K9D ( UNC]TA9TY WAS DISPLAY$ BY ! ,SURREALI/S ) RESPECT TO TWO ESS5TIALLY DESACRALIZ+ /RATEGIES1 NAMELY ! LUDIC MODE & BLACK HUMOR4 ,! OLD] ,SURREALISM GREW1 ! MORE S]I\SLY IT TOOK ITSELF4 ,A PLAYFUL SPIRIT /ILL (T5 PRESID$ OV] ! CREATION ( WORKS ( >T1 BUT C>E WAS ALWAYS TAK5 ?AT ?IS SPIRIT %\LD NEV]1 AS W\LD HAVE BE5 CONSI/5T ) ITS [N LOGIC1 GO SO F> AS TO DE/ROY SU* WORKS1 TO DE/ROY !IR VALUE BY *ANG+ ! RULES ( ! GAME4 ,LIKEWISE1 BLACK HUMOR1 9 ESS5CE A CORROSIVE & NEGATIVE =CE1 AS :5 IT 9=M$ ! BEHAVIOR ( AN ,>?UR ,CRAVAN1 A ,JACQUES ,VA*E OR A ,JACQUES ,RIGAUT1 N[ BECAME NO?+ MORE ?AN A CRITICAL ASPECT ( A P>TICUL> WORK4 ,AS NEGATIVE & CRITICAL AS IT MI<T BE 9 ?AT 9TEGRAT$ ROLE1 IT WAS NEV] ALL[$ TO *ALL5GE >T ITSELF4 ,9DE$ ,BRETON W5T MU* FUR!R 9 ?IS DIRECTION1 9TIMAT+ 9 HIS ,AN?OLOGIE DE L'HUMOR NOIR ?AT !RE WAS SU* A ?+ AS AN 0>T0 ( BLACK HUMOR4 ,LET US BE CLE>1 H[EV]3 ! TEXTS ASSEMBL$ BY ,BRETON 9 HIS AN?OLOGY1 & ?US MADE AVAILABLE TO ALL1 W]E UND\BT$LY ( A HI<LY EXPLOSIVE NATURE1 & ! ,VI*Y GOV]NM5T WAS QUITE RI<T TO BAN ! BOOK2 BUT TREAT+ BLACK HUMOR AS NO?+ MORE ?AN AN ES!TIC CATEGORY WAS 9 EFFECT TO SUPPRESS ! 9/RUCTIONS = ! PROP] USE ( !SE TEXTS & TO OBSCURE !IR TRUE *>ACT]1 = !Y W]E ! FOAM ( A RAGE BUILT UP OV] ! C5TURIES AGA9/ ALL =MS ( OPPRESSION1 A RAGE ?AT MU/ 9 ! 5D BE UNLEA%$1 O!RWISE EV]Y K9D ( CON=MISM W\LD BE ABLE TO DRAPE ITSELF 9 ! ROBES ( ! EXTRAORD9>Y1 & WELCOME SUBV]SIVE LAU<T] ) OP5 >MS4 

,FROM A MY/ICAL VIEWPO9T1 PLAY IS RITUAL & BLACK HUMOR RESEMBLES ! DEVILI% FIGURES ?AT ! ,*UR* WAS CUNN+ 5\< TO RETA9 9 ITS >*ITECTURE1 EV5 GO+ SO F> AS TO C>VE !M ON ! CAPITALS SUPPORT+ *UR* RO(S4 

,IS ?IS TO SAY1 !N1 ?AT ,SURREALISM EM]G$ FROM ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> AS A PURELY SPECULATIVE SY/EM8 ,YES & NO4 ,P>ADOXICALLY1 ! MORE SUCCESSFUL ,BRETON & ,PE]T W]E 9 GIV+ !IR MOVEM5T ! ASPECT ( A MY?IC CON/RUCT ?AT HAD SOMEH[ /RAY$ 9TO ! PRES5T1 ! MORE !Y HELP$ N\RI% A C]TA9 S5SE ( LIFE1 A S5SE ?AT WAS REPEAT$LY R$ISCOV]$ DUR+ ! S]IES ( REVOLUTION>Y \TBUR/S ?AT BEGAN 9 #a#i#f#h4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! ]UPTION ( LIFE ?AT HAD *>ACT]IZ$ ,SURREALISM'S E>LIE/ DAYS1 & !N FACILITAT$ ! MOVEM5T'S [N ]UPTION 9TO CULTURAL SURVIVAL1 N[ ONCE MORE CAME TO ! =E 9 ITS ORIG9AL =M1 AT ONCE HA/5+ ! DEMISE ( CULTURE AS A SEP>ATE SPH]E & HELP+ TO TOPPLE ! MY?IC SY/EM ( ,SURREALISM ITSELF4 ,?IS COLLAPSE HAD TO WAIT ON ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ,BRETON & ,PE]T1 H[EV]1 = SO LONG AS !Y LIV$ !Y W]E ABLE1 ?ANKS TO ! AU!NTICITY ( !IR [N ODYSSEY & ?ANKS TO !IR DET]M9ATION TO FIX !IR SY/EM FIRMLY 9 PLACE AS A SORT ( C5T] ( EF=T = ALL ET]NITY1 TO 9FUSE ,SURREALISM ) AN APPE>ANCE ( LIFE & TURN IT 9TO AN EFFECTIVE VEIL OV] REALITY4 

,IF WE BO!R TO TRACE SU* RESURG5CES ( LIFE ?R\< !IR V>I\S 9V]T$ MANIFE/ATIONS 9 >T & LIT]ATURE1 WE F9D ?AT !Y FLAG & CONS]VE ALL ! DIV]SE EXP]I5CES :OSE MORE OR LESS VIVID TRACES HUMANITY HAS LEFT 9 ITS V>I\S CULTURES4 ,IT WAS AS ?\< ,SURREALISM1 ON ! EVE ( UPHEAVALS 9 :I* ! WILL TO LIVE W\LD ?R[ ! CORPSE ( CULTURE ONTO A JOYFUL PYRE1 HAD WANT$ TO SAVE EV]Y?+ FROM PA/ CULTURE ?AT WAS WOR?Y ( RE9C>NATION 9 NEW =MS ( EXI/5CE4 ,! MOVEM5T'S ATTEMPT AT SYN!SIS1 9CIT+ US AS IT DOES TO RETRIEVE EV]Y S+LE PASSIONATE BIZ>R]IE ( 9TELLECT OR CU/OM1 MU/ SURELY C\NT AS ONE ( ! GREATE/ LEGACIES ( ?IS C5TURY4 

,IF !RE IS ANY TRU? TO ! NOTION ?AT ! DR[N+ SEE !IR :OLE LIFE REPLAY$ BE=E !IR EYES 9 A FEW %ORT SECONDS1 ,SURREALISM MI<T WELL BE DESCRIB$ AS ! LA/ DREAM ( A F\ND]+ CULTURE4 

,AMID ! PR(USION ( RI*ES ?US LEFT 9 \R C>E BY ,SURREALISM1 ! CONTRIBUTION ( ,LOTUS DE ,PA9I HAS ! M]IT ( GO+ FUR!R BACK 9 TIME ?AN ANY O!R4 ,H] HALF-9TUITIVE1 HALF-REASON$ ANALYZES SEEK TO ASC]TA9 :AT PRIMITIVE MANK9D'S /RUCTURE ( 0FEEL+S0 - MEAN+ A UNITY ( ?\<T1 S5SATION1 EMOTION & ACTION - MU/ HAVE BE51 ?IS ON ! BASIS ( CAVE PA9T+S :OSE V]Y EXI/5CE ALREADY BETOK5S ! BREAK+ UP ( ?AT UNITY4 ,IT WAS SURELY NOT BY *ANCE ?AT ?IS SE>* = 0KN[L$GE ( ! S\L ( ?OSE F> DI/ANT FROM US0 WAS CONDUCT$ AT A TIME :5 ! NECESSITY = A NEW 0/RUCTURE ( FEEL+01 = A MULTIDIM5SIONAL & UNIT>Y LIFE1 WAS MAK+ ITSELF ACUTELY FELT4 ,A /RANGE FIGURE1 :O NEV] P>TICIPAT$ DIRECTLY 9 !IR MOVEM5T BUT :OM ! ,SURREALI/S DISCOV]$ & HAIL$1 ,LOTUS DE ,PA9I SEEMS TO QUIT ! PA?S ( ! IMAG9ATION 9 ORD] TO (F] ! REVOLUTION ! POETIC TOTALITY ( ! OLD WORLD4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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