,A ,FRAGM5T ,( ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI'S ,LIFE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RAFFAELE ,S*IAV9A 

,TEXT 3 

,IF AN ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T EXI/S TODAY AMONG ! ,ITALIAN IMMIGRANTS & IF SU* A MOVEM5T HAS SUFF]$ PRACTICALLY NO DES]TIONS AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK 9C>NATION ( ,SOCIALISM1 IT IS DUE TO A L>GE EXT5T TO ! TEA*+S & EXAMPLE ( ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI4 

,O!RS & =EMO/ ,ITALIAN APO/LES ( ,AN>*ISM HAVE BE5 9 ?IS C\NTRY3 ,F4 ,S4 ,M]L9O1 ! PIONE]2 ,PIETRO ,GORI1 ! POET1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,GUISEPPE ,CIANCABILLA1 IMPRESS+ *>ACT]S ALL ( !M1 CLE> M9DS & PURE CONSCI5CES4 ,BUT !IR ACTIVITY H]E1 H[EV] 9T5SE1 WAS MORE OR LESS ( A %ORT DURATION4 ,GALLEANI'S ON ! CONTR>Y1 SPREAD OV] MO/ ( TW5TY YE>S & WAS M>K$ BY ! CONT9U\S PROGRESS ( HIS M9D & ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T AS WELL4 

,:5 HE L&$ ON !SE %ORES1 9 ! FALL ( #a#i#a1 %ORTLY AFT] ,CZOLOGOSZ' EXECUTION ( PRESID5T ,MC,K9LEY1 ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI WAS 9 ! PRIME ( HIS LIFE4 ,T5 ( HIS =TY YE>S ( AGE HE HAD CONT9U\SLY SP5T EI!R 9 JAIL1 9 RELEGATION OR 9 EXILE4 ,HIS M9D HAD MATUR$ ?R\< A V]Y ?OR\< $UCATION1 H>D ?9K+ & P]SONAL EXP]I5CE4 ,HIS CONSCI5CE WAS CLEAN ( OPPORTUNI/IC 5TANGLEM5TS4 ,HIS CONVICTIONS W]E DEEP ROOT$4 ,P]SECUTIONS HAD /EEL$ HIM BEYOND FE> & TEMPTATION4 ,HE HAD *OS5 HIS PLACE 9 LIFE1 & NO?+ WAS TO LURE HIM AWAY FROM HIS PURPOSE4 ,9 #ahih HE WAS CONF9$ TO ! ,ISL& ( ,PANTELL]IA1 :5 ! SOCIALI/ POLITICIANS1 :O HAD BE5 9TRIGU+ ) ALL SORTS ( REACTION>Y TOOLS1 CONCEIV$ !IR IDEA ( SUBDU+ ! ,AN>*I/S TO !IR P>LIAM5T>IAN POLICY4 ,ALL ,ITALIAN ,AN>*I/S W]E !N EI!R CONF9$ TO ! ISL&S OR EXIL$4 ,HAD !Y CONS5T$ TO GIVE !IR NAMES TO A POLITICAL CAMPAIGN & HAD !Y BE5 ELECT$1 :I* WAS ALL BUT IMPOSSIBLE !N1 9 MANY CASES1 !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 AUTOMATICALLY SET FREE4 ,GALLEANI ANSW]$ TO ! SOCIALI/ MANEUV] = ALL HIS COMRADES 9 SECLUSION1 SAY+ ?AT PRISONS1 *A9S & P]SECUTIONS HAD NOT DAUNT$ !IR FAI? & ?AT1 NO MATT] H[ PA9FUL !Y F\ND IT TO BE SEV]$ FROM ! LIV+ WORLD1 !Y W\LD RA!R /AY & DIE1 IF NE$ BE1 ON ! ,M$IT]RANEAN ROCKS1 !N L5D !IR NAMES TO AN ELECTORAL CIRCUS1 :I* !Y DESPIS$1 B[ TO A FLAG :I* WAS NOT !IRS4 0,MANET ,IMMOTA ,FIDES0 -- HE WROTE !N ON HIS FLAG1 & HIS FAI? REMA9$ ABSOLUTELY UN*ANG$ TO HIS DEA?4 

,( C\RSE1 AL?\< !Y W]E ABSOLUTELY TRU?FUL :5 !Y SAID NO?+ 9 ! WORLD C\LD P]SUADE !M TO REPUDIATE OR S(T5 !IR ,AN>*I/ CONVICTIONS1 NEI!R ,GALLEANI NOR HIS COMRADES EXPECT$ TO DIE ON ! ,M$IT]RANEAN ROCKS4 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A HAD ESCAP$ FROM ! ,ISL& ( ,U/ICA A FEW MON?S BE=E1 ,GALLEANI ESCAP$ FROM ! ,ISL& ( ,PANTELL]IA A FEW MON?S LAT]1 & ALL W]E SET FREE AFT] ,BRESCI'S EXECUTION ( ,K+ ,HUMB]T1 9 #a#i4 

,FOLL[+ HIS ESCAPE FROM ,PANTELL]IA1 ,GALLEANI SP5T SOME TIME 9 ,EGYPT & !N1 BY WAY ( ,LONDON1 CAME TO ,AM]ICA4 

,A DEEP KN[L$GE ( ! ,AN>*I/ PHILOSOPHY1 TW5TY YE>S ( EXP]I5CE AT ! FRONT ( ! SOCIAL W>1 ! FIRM CONVICTION ?AT ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS AT ONE & ! SAME TIME :AT ! PEOPLE WANT & :AT !Y MU/ HAVE IF HUMAN PROGRESS IS TO CONT9UE & CIVILIZATION TO SURVIVE1 A P[]FUL M9D1 A NOBLE *>ACT] ?AT FE>$ NO?+ & DISDA9$ ALL COMPROMISE1 A MA/]LY P5 ) A T\* ( CLASSICISM1 A NATIVE & C>EFULLY CULTIVAT$ TAL5T ( ORATORY1 :I* MADE HIM AN UNSURPASS$ TRIBUNE ( ! PEOPLE -- !SE W]E HIS >MS AS HE PLUNG$ HIMSELF 9 ! VORTEX ( ,AM]ICAN LIFE1 9 ! WAKE ( ! PLUTOCRATIC IMP]IALISM ?AT WAS BE+ FO/]$ BY ! ELD] ,ROOSVELTIAN W9DBAG4 

,GALLEANI WAS NOT ASSIMILAT$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN 5VIRONM5T4 ,HIS AGE WAS TOO ADVANC$ TO P]MIT HIM TO MA/] ! ,5GLI% LANGUAGE TO HIS [N SATISFACTION4 ,& Y\ CANNOT REA* A PEOPLE :OSE LANGUAGE Y\ DON'T KN[ P]FECTLY4 ,BESIDES1 HE WAS TOO MU* ( AN >TI/1 TOO MU* ( A SCRUPUL\S ?9K] TO SUFF] HIMSELF TO EXPRESS HIS ?\<TS 9 LESS ?AN A MA/]LY WAY4 ,= ?IS REASON1 HIS PASSAGE ?R\< ! ,AM]ICAN SC5E REMA9S PRACTICALLY UNKN[N TO ALL BUT ! ,ITALO-,AM]ICAN COMMUNITY & TO ! NATIVE POLICE RECORDS4 

,BUT EV5 ?\< HE WAS NOT ABSORB$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN 5VIRONM5T1 HE C]TA9LY HAD A GOOD GRASP ( ITS WORK+S4 ,HOLD+ HIMSELF CONSI/5TLY ALO( FROM ! RUL+ CLIQUES & FROM ?OSE :O ASPIRE TO RULE AS WELL HE C\LD SEE ! ,AM]ICAN PANORAMA -- ITS PA/1 ITS PRES5T1 ITS T5D5CIES1 FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! UND]DOG -- & ACCORD+LY ELABORATE HIS POLICIES1 HIS DOCTR9E & ATTITUDE 9 A /ATE ( ABSOLUTE 9DEP5D5CE4 

,HIS FIR/ /OP WAS 9 ,PAT]SON1 ,N4,J41 !N AT ITS PEAK AS ! 0HOTB$0 ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,H]E HE BECAME ! $ITOR ( A WEEKLY PAP] CALL$ ,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE4 ,:5 ! FAM\S TEXTILE /RIKE ( #aib BROKE \T1 ,GALLEANI HAD ! FIR/ OPPORTUNITY TO GIVE ! MEASURE ( HIMSELF AS AN AGITATOR & A FI<T]4 ,NO?+ HALF-BAK$ 9 HIM4 ,IF HIS WRITT5 WORD MI<T S\ND FI]Y TO ! MILL CZ>S1 HIS SPOK5 WORD RANG AS ! HYMN ( RESURRECTION TO ! HUNGRY /RIK]S4 ,& HIS ACTIONS MADE GOOD BO?4 ,HE WAS NOT AN ORGANIZ]4 ,HE CALL$ ! WORK]S TO ACTION = !IR BREAD1 = !IR FRE$OM -- NOT = HIS [N GOOD4 ,:5 ! FI<T WAS ON1 HE W\LD ASK ! WORK]S TO KEEP IT ON1 TO RELY ON !MSELVES1 ON !IR UNIT$ EF=T TO =CE ! 5EMY 9TO SUBMISSION4 ,HE W\LD NOT ASK !M TO CONFIDE !IR TR\BLES TO HIS ABILITY AS A FIX] OR A M$IATOR4 ,= HIMSELF HE W\LD ASK NEI!R POSITION1 NOR MONEY1 NOR EV5 ! ACCEPTANCE ( HIS PHILOSOPHY -- ONLY TO LET HIM FI<T BY !IR SIDE = ! TRIUMPH ( !IR CAUSE4 

,?IS K9D ( LEAD]%IP IS NOT FAMILI> ) ! PR(ESSIONAL ORGANIZ]S ( LABOR :O >E WONT TO APPROA* ! /RIK]S ) CONDESC5SION ) ! MORE OR LESS TACIT UND]/&+ ?AT !Y %ALL ORGANIZE UND] !IR BANN]S & MAKE A POSITION = !M AS !IR PAID LEAD]4 ,:51 IF EV]1 !SE ORGANIZ]S TAKE TO PICKET+1 !Y DO IT = ADV]TIS+ PURPOSES & ONLY PROVID$ !Y >E ACCOMPANI$ BY ! ELABORATE P>APH]NALIA ( L\D DRUMS1 REEL PHOTOGRAPH]S1 NEWS REPORT]S1 DEF5SE C\NSEL & O!R SIMIL> ACCOMPANIM5TS4 ,GALLEANI'S WAS ! K9D ( LEAD]%IP ?AT M>KS ! CRUSAD] & SC>ES ! JOB-SEEK]S4 

,ON ,JUNE #a#h?1 :ILE LEAD+ PICKET+ /RIK]S1 !Y CAME 9TO CONTACT ) ! GUNM5 ( ! POLICE =CE4 ,!Y F\<T VALIANTLY4 ,GALLEANI B>ELY ESCAP$ ) HIS LIFE AFT] HAV+ RECEIV$ A SLA% ON HIS =EHEAD & A GUN %OT ON HIS UPP] LIP4 ,! ,PAT]SON POLICE W]E 9 AN UPRO> TO CAPTURE HIM4 ,BUT HE SUCCE$$ 9 ESCAP+ & TOOK REFUGE 9 ,CANADA FROM :]E HE CAME TO ,B>RE1 ,VT41 ! FOLL[+ YE>1 UND] AN ASSUM$ NAME4 ,!RE HE F\ND$ A WEEKLY PAP] ( ,AN>*I/ PROPAG&A CALL$ ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA1 :I* WAS LAT] TRANSF]R$ TO ,LYNN1 ,MASS4 ,HIS ID5TITY HAV+ BE5 PUBLICLY REVEAL$ BY A SOCIALI/ POLITICIAN1 ,G4 ,M4 ,S]RATI1 :O LIV$ TO SUCCE$ ,MUSSOL9I AS $ITOR ( ! (FICIAL ORGAN ( ! ,ITALIAN REVOLUTION ( #aiai -- ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI WAS >RE/$ 9 ,B>RE1 ,VT41 ON ,DECEMB] #c?1 #a#i#f1 EXTRADIT$ TO ,NEW ,J]SEY1 & TRI$ 9 ,PAT]SON A FEW MON?S LAT] = HIS P>T 9 ! /RIKE ( #a#i#b4 ,HIS CASE WAS AFT]W>DS DROPP$ FOLL[+ A DISAGREEM5T ( ! JURY4 

,FROM #aic TO #aiah ,GALLEANI $IT$ ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA1 A PAP] :I* WAS A CON/ANT S\RCE ( 9=MATION1 5?USIASM1 C\RAGE & DISCUSSION4 ,9TO IT ,GALLEANI TRANSFUS$ HIS WIDE KN[L$GE & R>E ABILITY4 ,HE MADE IT ! MIRROR ( HIS S\L1 :I* WAS ITSELF ! MIRROR ( ! ANGUI%1 TORTURE & HOPES ( ! UND]DOG4 ,= FIFTE5 YE>S ?IS PAP] HAD AN UNDISPUT$ 9FLU5CE1 NOT ONLY OV] ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 BUT ALSO OV] ! :OLE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! ,ITALIAN COMMUNITY 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,IT 9SPIR$ A MOVEM5T :I* WAS NOT PROBABLY V]Y L>GE 9 NUMB] BUT WAS HI<LY SELECT4 ,ITS MEMB]S HAD A PRECISE NOTION ( :AT ,AN>*ISM %\LD BE1 :AT IT %\LD DO1 & 5DEAVOR$ TO ACT ACCORD+LY4 ,!Y DID NOT WA/E !IR TIME PURSU+ ELUSIVE *IM]AS ( ACTUAL REALIZATIONS 9 ANY FIELD4 ,!Y CONCEIV$ ,AN>*ISM AS A MILITANT /RUGGLE = ! ELIM9ATION ( PRES5T-DAY OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATIONS -- BEYOND !IR P]SONAL IMM$IATE NE$ ( ACQUIR+ KN[L$GE4 ,!Y W]E NOT TO BE F\ND WA/+ TIME TO CONQU] OR BUILD LABOR ORGANIZATIONS ONLY TO BE ANNIHILAT$ BY !M4 ,!Y AIM$1 9/EAD1 AT ALWAYS BE+ 9 ! FIR/ PLACES ( ! EV]YDAY /RUGGLE = ! DEF5SE ( LIB]TY & SOCIAL JU/ICE4 ,! NEW WORLD C\LD NOT POSSIBLY EM]GE BUT FROM ! UTT] DE/RUCTION ( ! OLD 9/ITUTIONS BAS$ ON PRIVILEGE & COMPULSION4 

,GALLEANI HIMSELF GAVE ! EXAMPLE 9 WORDS & DE$S4 ,HIS ULTIMATE AIM WAS ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM1 MORE OR LESS ACCORD+ TO ! ,KROPOTK9 PHILOSOPHY4 ,HE KNEW1 H[EV] ?AT BE=E ! ULTIMATE AIM C\LD BE REALIZ$ MU* WAS TO BE DONE 9 ORD] TO PAVE ! WAY4 ,SO HE US$ TO 9SI/ MORE ON ! DETAILS ( A SOCIAL ORD] HE V]Y PASSIONATELY WI%$ = BUT C\LD H>DLY HOPE ?AT HE W\LD HAVE A H& 9 %AP+4 0,\R *ILDR5 WILL SEE TO ?AT10 HE US$ TO SAY4 0,\R TASK IS TO BEQUEA? TO !M AN 5VIRONM5T AS FREE AS POSSIBLE FROM ! H9DRANCES ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & POLITICAL P[]4 ,NO FREE CON/RUCTION IS POSSIBLE UNLESS PREC$$ BY ?OR\< DE/RUCTION40 

,HE T\R$ ! C\NTRY FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN SEV]AL TIMES1 G5]\SLY SPREAD+ ! GOOD SE$ ( REVOLT & ,AN>*ISM1 & EV] LEAV+ BEH9D A DEEP WAKE ( SYMPA?Y1 SOLID>ITY & 5?USIASM = ! CAUSE4 ,AGA91 NO =MAL ORGANIZATION4 ,FROM ALL SIDES PEOPLE W]E DO+ !IR UTMO/ TO CREATE NEW REGIM5TATIONS & NEW BURD5S = ! OPPRESS$ MULTITUDES 9 ADDITION TO ! OLD ONES4 ,NOT HE4 ,HIS PURPOSE WAS TO AWAK5 9DEP5D5T M9DS1 TO =M SOLID *>ACT]S1 TO GIVE CONSCI\SNESS TO /]N WILLS4 ,HE HAS NO USE = =MAL ADH]5CE TO HIS P]SON1 OR PAP] OR EV5 IDEAS4 ,HE FELT ?AT :AT ! MOVEM5T NE$$1 ABOVE ALL1 W]E M5 & WOM5 ( /RONG CONVICTIONS1 DEEPLY P]SUAD$ ?AT ! ,AN>*I/ IDEAL IS RI<T1 ?AT HIS PAP] WAS GIV+ A G5U9E 9T]PRETATION ?IS IDEAL4 ,HE TRI$ TO BUILD UP SU* *>ACT]S & CONSCI5CES1 CONFID+ ?AT1 HAD HE SUCCE$$1 ) OR )\T HIM ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T W\LD HAVE RECRUIT$ NEW REAL =CES1 A FIRM] HOLD UPON SOCIETY ?AN ANY =M] ORGANIZATION C\LD EV] GIVE4 ,ONCE ,AN>*I/S HAD BE5 MADE1 COOP]ATION AMONG !M WAS BUT A NATURAL 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE4 ,! DO+S ( SU* COOP]ATION W\LD ALMO/ ME*ANICALLY SPR+ FROM ! COMMON URGE ( EA* & ALL TO ACTION4 

,H]E IS BRIEFLY SKET*$ ,GALLEANI'S CONCEPTION ( ,AN>*ISM AS AN OP]AT+ =CE4 ,A MOVEM5T ( HI<LY CONSCI\SNESS 9DIVIDUALS :O KNEW EXACTLY :AT !Y WANT$ & H[ TO GO AFT] IT1 EA* ALWAYS 9 HIS OR H] JUDGM5T1 B\ND TO COMMON ACTION BY ! S+L5ESS ( !IR PURPOSE1 CO-OP]AT+ \T ( A SPONTANE\S IMPULSE & DEEP CONVICTION ?AT !Y W]E ACT+ = ! GOOD ( ! COMMON CAUSE1 NOT = ! SAKE ( ANY DISCIPL9E -- W]E IT EV5 CALL$ CLASS DISCIPL9E4 ,?AT SU* A CONCEPTION WAS COH]5T ) ! ,AN>*I/ PHILOSOPHY IS OBVI\S4 ,?AT IT WAS B\ND TO GIVE GOOD RESULTS 9 PRACTICE WAS PROV$ :5 ! *ANG+ CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! ,AM]ICAN SC5E BR\<T IT TO ! GREAT TE/ ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ W>4 

,:ATSOEV] ONE MAY ?9K ( ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ?IS MU* IS TRUE3 ?AT1 AS A MOVEM5T1 IT SUFF]$ LESS CASUALTIES ?AN ANY O!R REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ON ACC\NT ( ! W> DEM5TIA4 ,! SOCIALI/S FL$ 05 MASSE0 TO ! PATRIOTIC /&>DS ( BELLIG]5T DEMOCRACY4 ,DEBS REMA9$ AT ! HEAD ( BUT A H&FUL ( HIS =M] FOLL[]S4 ,! ,A4 ,F4 ( ,L41 PRO/ITUT$ ITSELF TO ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,I4,W4,W4'S TRI$ TO ATT5UATE !IR POSITION1 CLAIM+ A POLITICAL AGNO/ICISM :I* WAS TANTAM\NT TO OV]T OPPOSITION TO ! W>1 LACK+ ONLY ! AUDACITY TO AFFIRM ITSELF AS SU*4 ,ALL ! ,AN>*I/S1 9/EAD1 ASSUM$ FROM ! BEG9N+ A C\RAGE\S & OP5 /& AGA9/ ! <A/LY BUT*]Y4 

,GALLEANI1 AS USUAL1 M9C$ NO WORDS4 ,P]SECUTION SOON FELL UPON HIM & HIS PAP] :I* WAS D5I$ ! FRE$OM ( ! MAIL4 ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA CONT9U$ TO APPE>1 BE+ DI/RIBUT$ BY O!R MEANS4 ,NEV] HAD A PAP] BE5 ! OBJECT ( SU* A WAVE ( SOLID>ITY4 ,GALLEANI WAS >RE/$4 ,! PAP] F\ND ! MEANS TO APPE> JU/ ! SAME4 0,NULLA DIES S9E L9EA0 WAS !N \R MOTTO3 0,NOT A DAY )\T A WORD0 -- AGA9/ ! W>4 ,GALLEANI WAS S5T5C$ BY A DOME/ICAT$ F$]AL C\RT 9 ,BO/ON3 HE W\LD NOT FOLD HIS FLAG4 ,HE WAS !N >RE/$ AGA9 TOGE!R ) FIFTY OR SIXTY COMRADES :O W]E SUPPOS$ TO RECEIVE ! PAP] ALL OV] ! ,U4,S4 & DI/RIBUTE IT TO ! READ]S4 ,!Y W]E ALL HELD BY ! IMMIGRATION AU?ORITY = DEPORTATION4 ,IT WAS !N SPR+TIME #a#i#a#h4 ,HE WAS LEFT ALMO/ ALONE 9 ! PR9T+ %OP1 9 ,LYNN4 ,ALL ! Y\NG] COMRADES W]E EI!R 9 JAIL OR HID+4 ,MR ,PALM]'S H\NDS RAN 9TO ! PR9T+ %OP = ! LA/ TIME1 /OLE ! =MS ( ! PAP]1 :I* HAD JU/ BE5 ISSU$1 & ,GALLEANI1 A SICK OLD MAN1 :OSE WORDS ! MI<TY GOV]NM5T ( ! ,U4,S4 FE>$1 WAS SIL5C$ AT LA/4 

,! FOLL[+ YE>1 TWO MORE ISSUES ( ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA W]E PUBLI%$ 9 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,GALLEANI T\R$ ! C\NTRY AS F> WE/ AS ,KANSAS4 ,MAY & ,JUNE ( ?AT YE> HAD T]RIBLE BOMB SC>ES -- AS IS ALWAYS B\ND TO HAPP5 :5 ! FRE$OM ( SPEE* & PRESS IS SUPPRESS$1 & ON ! #b#d? DAY ( ,JUNE1 ,GALLEANI WAS TORN FROM HIS WIFE & *ILDR51 & EMB>K$ = ,ITALY TOGE!R ) EI<T ( HIS COMRADES -- ALL UNDESIRABLE FROM ! GREAT REPUBLIC ( ,WALL ,/REET4 

,BUT ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T WAS TO REMEMB] ,GALLEANI'S PASSAGE ?R\< ! ,AM]ICAN SC5E = QUITE A LONG TIME4 ,! SE$S HE HAD PLANT$ ON ?IS SOIL HAD NOT FALL5 ON B>R5 GR\ND4 ,! MOVEM5T HE HAD SO PRODIGALLY NURTUR$ = SO MANY YE>S REMA9$1 H[EV] MUTILAT$4 ,& FROM ?IS MOVEM5T SPRANG ,&REA ,SALS$O1 :O ,MR ,PALM]'S ASSASS9S ?REW FROM A F\RTE5? /ORY W9D[ 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 ON ,MAY #cRD1 #a#i#a#i2 FROM IT TOO CAME ,VANZETTI :OSE SEV5 YE>S M>TYRDOM REMA9S AS ONE ( ! MO/ 9SPIR+ FACTS 9 MOD]N TIMES1 & AS A BLOT ( ET]NAL 9FAMY UPON ! HI/ORY ( ?IS BLOODY PLUTOCRACY4 

,GALLEANI'S LIFE 9 ,ITALY WAS EV5TFUL4 ,9 #aib HE REVIV$ HIS PAP] ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA ONLY TO SEE IT DIE AGA9 AFT] EI<TE5 ISSUES1 BECAUSE ! GOV]NM5T WAS AFT] HIM ON ACC\NT ( SOME OBJECTIONABLE >TICLES1 & HE HAD TO HIDE HIMSELF TO ESCAPE PREV5TATIVE >RE/4 ,?REE DAYS BE=E HE WAS TO BE TRI$ = ?IS CRIME1 HE PRES5T$ HIMSELF TO ! POLICE1 9 ,TUR91 & ON ,OCTOB] #b#h?1 #aibb -- ! V]Y SAME DAY 9 :I* ! K+ CALL$ ,MUSSOL9I TO PRESIDE OV] ! GOV]NM5T -- ,GALLEANI APPE>$ BE=E A JURY ( TWELVE GOOD CITIZ5S1 :O CONDEMN$ HIM TO F\RTE5 MON?S 9 PRISON1 = ! CRIME ( HAV+ CALL$ ! ,ITALIAN SOLDI]S TO ! CAUSE ( REVOLUTION4 

,9 PRISON1 HIS DISEASE AGGRAVAT$2 SO1 :5 HE WAS RELEAS$1 OV] A YE> LAT]1 HE HAD TO GO TO A HOSPITAL4 ,MEAN:ILE ! FASCI/ DICTATOR%IP WAS AFFIRM+ ITSELF4 ,FRE$OM ( SPEE* & PRESS WAS CONFISCAT$4 ,BE+ UNABLE TO RESUME ACTIVE WORK 9 ,ITALY1 HE PREP>$1 9 #a#i#b#e1 = PUBLICATION1 A LITTLE BOOK ON ,AN>*ISM1 :I* WAS PUBLI%$ BY HIS COMRADES 9 ,AM]ICA1 UND] ! TITLE ( ,LA F9E DELL',AN>*ISMO8 ,! TITLE3 ,IS ,AN>*ISM AT ,AN ,5D8 SUGGE/S ! POLEMICAL =M ( ! BOOK :I* IS A VIGOR\S DEF5SE ( AN>*I/ ?\<T AGA9/ ,SOCIALI/ ATTACKS4 ,BESIDES ?IS V]Y IMPORTANT WORK ( HIS1 HE HAS LEFT A BIG VOLUME RESUM+ ! *RONICLES ( H]OIC ,AN>*ISM UP TO #a#h#i#h3 ,FACCIA A ,FACCIA COL NEMICO 7,FACE TO ,FACE ) ! ,5EMY7 & A BOOK ( P5 SKET*ES3 ,FIGURE FIGURI 7,M5 & ,MUGS71 A SMALL VOLUME CONTA9+ HIS CRITICISM ( ! W>-LIKE ATTITUDE ( ,KROPOTK9 & O!R REVOLUTIONI/S1 &1 F9ALLY1 PAMPHLETS ( V>I\S *>ACT]4 ,MU* ELSE ( /&+ VALUE REMA9S TO BE GA!R$ FROM ! COLLECTION ( ! PAP]S HE $IT$4 

,9 #aibg HE WAS >RE/$ & F9$ BECAUSE HE HAD RECEIV$ AN ,AN>*I/ NEWSPAP] 5CLOS$ 9 AN 5VELOPE FROM ,AM]ICA4 ,LAT] = ! SAME CRIME1 HE WAS AGA9 >RE/$1 !N S5T5C$ TO T5 DAYS 9 PRISON &1 F9ALLY1 S5T TO ! ,ISL& ( ,LIP>I1 = ?REE YE>S4 ,A FEW DAYS AFT] HE HAD L&$ 9 HIS NEW ABODE1 HE WAS >RE/$1 ACCUS$ ( HAV+ SAID EVIL ?+S ( 0,IL ,DUCE0 7,MUSSOL9I71 & S5T5C$ TO SIX MON?S 9 ! ,ISL&'S JAIL4 

,9 #aic HE WAS ALL[$ TO LEAVE ! ISL&4 ,HE TOOK RESID5CE 9 A SMALL VILLAGE 9 AN ,APP59E VALLEY & !RE REMA9$ UND] ! CONT9U\S SURVEILLANCE ( ! POLICE1 :O NEV] LEFT HIS H\S$OOR & FOLL[$ HIM 9 HIS SOLIT>Y WALKS BY ! C\NTRYSIDE1 TO ! 5D ( HIS LIFE1 :I* CAME ! EV5+ ( ,NOVEMB] #d?1 #a#i#c#a4 

,:ILE RETURN+ FROM HIS USUAL WALK ?AT DAY1 HE DROPP$ A FEW BLOCKS FROM HIS HOME4 ,TAK5 TO HIS B$ BY SOLICIT\S NEI<BORS -- :O1 AL?\< NEV] ALL[$ TO APPROA* HIM1 MU/ HAVE SYMPA?IZ$ ) HIM -- HE DI$ HALF AN H\R LAT]4 ,AS A LA/ \TRAGE1 ! POLICEMAN1 :O HAD BE5 FOLL[+ HIM AFT] HIS FALL1 ROBB$ HIM ( HIS POCKET BOOK1 :I* HE WAS KN[N TO HAVE 9 HIS POCKET & :I* WAS NEV] F\ND AFT]W>DS2 & :I* 9 ! ABS5CE ( MONEY -- AS ,GALLEANI HAD ALWAYS BE5 POOR -- MU/ HAVE CONTA9$ TOK5S ( HIS DE> ONES LIV+ F> AWAY & COMPLETELY UNAW>E ( HIS PLI<T4 

,TO ! LA/ MOM5T HE REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO ! IDEALS TO :I* HE HAD DEVOT$ HIS LIFE4 ,ALL ?OSE :O HAVE MET HIM 9 ! V>I\S PRISONS ( ! K+DOM & ON ! ,ISL& BE> WITNESS TO ! UNWAV]+ NATURE ( HIS CONVICTIONS1 ! NOBILITY ( HIS *>ACT]1 ! G5]OSITY ( HIS HE>T1 & UNDY+ HOPES = ! FUTURE4 

,HIS LA/ MESSAGE TO HIS *ILDR51 :I* WAS ALSO MEANT = HIS COMRADES ) :OM = YE>S HE HAD BE5 UNABLE TO CORRESPOND DIRECTLY1 CONTA9$ !SE WORDS :I* MAY BE CONSID]$ AS HIS POLITICAL TE/AM5T3 0,I LIVE ALL ALONE1 S]5E1 HOPEFUL1 C]TA9 RA!R ?AT ! ]A ( RE/AURATIONS :I* >E CONDEMN$ BY REASON1 BY ! TEA*+S ( HI/ORY1 & BY ! DE/9Y ( PROGRESS & LIB]TY40 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #b#g1 #bb 3 ,A ,FRAGM5T ,( ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI'S ,LIFE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,A ,FRAGM5T ,( ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI'S ,LIFE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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